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km"njf/ L, kf] v/ f, sf: sLkmf] g g+= )^!–%@*)$), )^!–%@@)$)

lgMz'Ns tflnddf kmf/ fd eg] { ;"rgfk|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ ifb\ (CTEVT) sf] cf+lus lzIffno o; kf] v/ f k|fljlws lzIffno, km"njf/ L kf] v/ fdf j} b] lzs / f] huf/ jf] 8{ sf] ;lrjfnosf] cfly{ s ;xof] udf ldlt @)&^.!!.! ut] b] lv ! dlxg] lgMz'Ns tkl;n cg';f/ sf tfnLdx? ;+rfng ug{ nfluPsfn] tfnLd lng O{ R5's g] kfnL gful/ sx?n] ! k|lt kf;kf] 6{ ;fO{ hsf] kmf] 6f] / g] kfnL gful/ stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk;lxt cfj] bg kmf/ fd eg{ sf] nflu ;"lrt ul/ G5 .

s= cfj] bg kmf/ fd a'emfpg] : yfgM kf] v/ f k|fljlws lzIffno, km"njf/ L, kf] v/ f .v= cfj] bg kmf/ fd a'emfpg] clGtd ldlt M @)&^ df3 @^ ut] ;Dd . u= cGt/ jftf{ x'g] ldlt / ;do M @)&^ df3 @&, ut] ;f] djf/ lbp+;f] !!=)) ah] . lj: t[ t hfgsf/ Lsf nflu o; lzIffnosf] j] a;fO6 www.ptspokhara.edu.np jf o; lzIffnodf ;Dks{ ug'{ x'g cg'/ f] w 5 . lzIffno k|d'v

s|=;+ tflndsf] gfd cjlw ;+Vof cfjZos z} lIfs of] Uotf

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cfbz{ ;dfhkf] v/ f

zxLb xl/ k|;fb u'?ª : d[ lt

k|lti7fgåf/ f k|hftGq ;] gfgL xl/ k|;fb u'?ªsf] : d[ lt lbj; zlgaf/ kf] v/ fdf dgfOPsf] 5 .

;f] cj;/ df xl/ rf] sl: yt zxLb xl/ k|;fb u'?ªsf] ;flnsdf dfNofk{ 0f ul/ g'sf ;fy} pgsf] of] ubfgsf] rrf{ ul/ Psf] lyof] .

sfo{ qmddf g] kfnL sfFu| ] ; k"j{ dxfdGqL tf/ fgfy / fgfef6, sf: sLg] t[ zf/ bf kf} 8] n, If] q # ;efklt kf] ifgfy zdf{ , sfo{ stf{ , k|lti7fg cWoIf ?b|k|;fb u'?ª, kl/ jf/ hg / z'e] R5's nufotn] pgsf] ;flnsdf dfNofk{ 0f Pj+ / fli6«o em08f cf] 9fPsf lyP .

k|d 'v cltly sfFu | ] ; k"j { dxfdGqL / fgfef6n] g] kfnsf] nf] stflGqs cfGbf] ngsf nflu u'?ªn] ;xfbtk|fKt u/ ] sf] rrf{ u/ ] . pgn] / fhgLlts / Goflos : jtGqtf n8fOFdf zxLb u'?ªn] ;xfbtk|fKt u/ ] sf] k|i6 kf/ ] . pgsf] of] ] ubfgsf] sb/ ;/ sf/ n] ug{ 'kg] { df hf] 8 lbP .

;f] cj;/ df / fgfef6n] g] skf ;/ sf/ n ] hgtfsf ] clwsf/

s'' lNrPsf] ;d] t cf/ f] k nufP . sfg"g ldr] / PsbnLo zf;g nfb\g] dfu{ df jt{ dfg ;/ sf/ pGd'v / x] sf] pgsf] cf/ f] k lyof] . b] zdf b08lxgtf a9] sf] bfaL ub} { pgn] eg] , ‘;/ sf/ u'08f / xTof/ fåf/ f kl/ rflnt 5 . e|i6frf/ L / anfTsf/ L v'n] cfd lxFl8/ x] sf 5g\ .’

sf Fu | ] ; I f ] q Lo ;efklt kf] ifgfy zdf{ n] d'n'ssf] ;d[ l4 / : jtGqtfsf nflu zxLbn] / ut aufPsf] pNn] v u/ ] . pgn] d'n'ssf] : jtGqtf / ;d[ l4sf nflu g] kfnL hgtf Ps x'g'kg] { cf} +NofP .

sfFu| ] ;g] t[ zf/ bf kf} 8] nn] zxLbn] b] z / hgtfsf nflu k'¥ofPsf] Tofu, ;dk{ 0f / s'jf{ gL / fHon] e'Ng gx'g] atfOg\ . pgn] zxLb xl/ k|;fb u'?ªn] b] vfPsf] dfu{ df lx8\g l;+uf] sf: sL sfFu|] ; k+lQm / kl/ jf/ hgnfO{ cfu|x ul/ g\ .

sfFu|] ; kf] v/ f–! sf ;efklt 6+sgfy kf} 8] nn] zxLbn] b] z / k|hftGqsf nflu k'¥ofPsf] of] ubfg ;Demg s~h': ofOF ug{ gx'g] df hf] 8 lbP .

k|lti7fg cWoIf ?b|k |;fb

u '?ªsf ] cWoIftfdf ePsf ] sfo{ qmddf ;lrj 6Lsfaxfb'/ u'?ªn] : jfut dGtJo JoQm ub} { sfo{ qmddfly k|sfz kf/ ] sf lyP . sfFu|] ; sf: sLsf lhNnf ;b: o cf;axfb '/ u '?ªn] sfo{ qmd ;+rfng u/ ] sf lyP .

k~rfotL zf;glj?åsf ] cfGbf] ngdf @)!* df3 !* df e/ tk'/ df zxLb xl/ k|;fb u'?ªn] ;xfbt k|fKt u/ ] sf x'g\ . / fhf dx] Gb|n] @)!& ;fndf ‘s"’ ub} { g] kfnL sfFu| ] ;sf] k|hftflGqs ;/ sf/ nfO{ ckb: y u/ L lgb{ nLo k~rfotL Joj: yf nfb ] kl5 lj/ f ] wdf e/ tk ' / d f ;z: q cfGbf] ng rls{ bf u'?ªnfO{ lhpFb} uf8] / xTof ul/ Psf] lyof] .

sfFu|] ;sf k|d'v g] tfdWo] sf] xL h] n k/ ] eg] sf] xL ef/ t lgjf{ l;t lyP . g] tfsf] l/ xfO / / fhfsf] ‘s"’ sf] lj?4 e/ tk'/ df ljzfn k|bz{ g ePsf] lyof] . sf7df8f+} af6 ;d] t ;] gf k'u] / cTolws bdg ePsf] lyof] . cfGbf] ngsf] cu|df] rf{ df plePsf sdf08/ xl/ k|;fb u'?ªn] To;} a] nf d[ To'j/ 0f u/ ] sf lyP . pgnfO{ z] / axfb'/ b] pjf g] t[ Tjsf] ;/ sf/ n] zxLb 3f] if0ff u/ ] sf] lyof] .

zxLb xl/ k|;fb u'?ªsf] : d[ lt ;ef

‘u'?ª Goflos : jtGqtf zxLb’

k|sfz 9sfn kf] v/ f

‘sfof{ no / c? ;/ sf/ L sfddf klg 7f] ; lhDd] jf/ L 5} g. j8fsf] a} 7sdf x: tfIf/ ug] { sfddfq} eof] . lhDd] jf/ L lbP s] sfddf xfdL sdhf] / 5f} + < k'?if k|ltlglwn] h: t} xfdLn] klg sfd ug{ ;Ifd 5f} +.’

of] egfO xf] – kf] ] v/ f dxfgu/ kflnsf j8f % ls j8f ;b: o c~h' s] ;Lsf] . pgLh: tf j8f ;b: o kf] v/ f dxfgu/ kflnsfdf ^& hgf 5g\ . s'n ## j8f / x] sf] dxfgu/ df ! hgfdfq} dlxnf j8fWoIf / v'nftkm{ af6 ;b: odf lgjf{ lrt Pshgf dlxnf 5g\ . c? ;a} ;+j} wflgs sf] 6fsf ;b: ox? dfq} 5g\ . …cWoIfx?n] Ph] 08f NofpF5g\ . To;nfO{ : jLsf/ u/ ] / xfdL ;dy{ g u5f} { + . ljleGg zLif{ sdf ah] 6 cfpF5 t/ Ps ?k} ofF klg afF8\g] x} l;ot xfdL;Fu 5} g, Ú s] ;Ln] elgg\, …dtbftfn] xfdLnfO{ lhtfPsf] s'g} cfefif kfpg ;s] sf 5} gg\ . d] / f] j8fdf dfq} xf] Og, dxfgu/ el/ o: tf] ;d: of 5 .Ú

kf] v/ f !! ls ;b: o tLy{ u'?ª ljBfyL{ / fhgLltaf6 hgk|ltlglw aGg k'lug\ . …d;Fu w] / } 1fg 5 . Tof] 1fg k|of] u ug{ kfPsf] 5} g . gu/ ;efd} dlxnfsf ah] 6 dlxnf k|ltlglwsf] l;kmfl/ ;df of] hgf 5gf} 6 x'g'kg] { ljifo p7fPsf] lyPF, Ú pgL elG5g\, …ah] 6 5'6\ofpFbf cWoIfs} xflnd'xfnL x'G5 . ;b: osf] e"ldsf vf;} 5} g . cWoIfn] dfq} xflnd'xfnL ug] { xf] eg] csf] { r'gfjdf ;b: o r'Gg] k/ Dk/ f g} cGTo ul/ lbP x'G5 .Ú j8fdf kfFr} hgfsf] x: tfIf/ x'g'kg] { eP klg cWoIfsf] dfq} x: tfIf/ df ah] 6 ljlgof] hg x'g] u/ ] sf] pgsf] egfO 5 . j8f / dxfgu/ n] sfd glbPklg clxn] cfkm} sfd vf] h] / ;dfhdf cleofg rnfO/ x] sf] pgn] ;'gfOg\ . …dlxnf ;d: of lnP/ d] / f] 3/ d} cfpF5g\ . klxn] klg ;fdflhs sfddf lyPF . w] ] / } n] lrG5g\ . ;d: of eGg klg vf;} ckm\7\of/ f] dfGg'x'Fb} g, Ú

pgn] cl3 elgg\, …dnfO{ j8fn] e"ldsf lbFb} g . dnfO{ rflxg] sfd cfkm} vf] H5' . ;/ ;kmfO sfddf a9L Wofg lbPsf] 5' .Ú

lgs} pT;fxsf ;fy : yfgLo txsf] r'gfjaf6 ljhoL dlxnf hgk|ltlglw clxn] cfkm\gf] e"ldsf Aojxf/ df b] Vb} gg\ . ;+ljwfgn] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt u/ ] klg To;sf] Jojxfl/ s sfof{ Gjog vf;} 5} g . / , w] / } h;f] k|ltlglw sfdljxLg 5g\ . pgLx?n] lgjf{ rgkl5 ul/ Psf sfdaf/ ] ;dLIff ub} { yk dha'ltsf nflu ;fd"lxs c7f] 6 lgsfn] sf 5g\ . lgjf{ rgkl5sf] cj: yf, eP u/ ] sf sfd, To;sf] ;d: of / k|fKt cg'ej;lxt efjL / 0fgLltaf/ ] pgLx?n] 5nkmn u/ ] . k|ltkIfL bnaf6 ljhoL k|ltlglwsf] e"ldsf : jtM sdhf] / x'g] g} eof] . ;Qf rnfO/ x] sf kf6L{ sf k|ltlglwsf] cj: yf klg p: t} 5 .

dxfgu/ df lgjf { lrt sfo{ kflnsf ;b: o / j8f ;b: ox? Ps} 7fpFdf e] nf eP/ cfufdL lbgdf ;zQm eP/ cfkm\gf] bIftf k|bz{ g ug'{ kg] { lgisif{ df k'u] sf x'g\ . e] nfdf pk;efd'v l;h{ gf zdf{ n] dlxnf hgk|ltlglwsf] j8f tx / : yfgLo ;/ sf/ df 7"nf] e"ldsf eP klg kl/ 0ffd b] lvg] u/ L sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g g;s] sf] atfOg\ . pgn]

zxLb xl/ k|;fb u'?ªsf] ;flnsdf dfNofk{ 0f ub} { sfFu|] ; g] tf tf/ fgfy / fgfef6nufot .t: jL/ M cfbz{ ;dfh

?kgf/ fo0f 9sfnkf] v/ f

DofUbLsf] vf] k|f n] s If] qdf #

lbgb] lv x/ fPsf $ hgf g] kfnL kbofqLsf] zlgaf/ p4f/ ul/ Psf] 5 .

u08sL k|b] z k|x/ L sfof{ nosf k|x/ L pk/ LIfs bLks / ] UdLsf cg';f/ pgLx?nfO{ DofUbLsf] cGgk"0f{ ufpFkflnsf–$, gf/ Rofª If ] qaf6 p4f/ ul/ Psf ] xf ] . pgsf cg';f/ p4f/ ul/ Psf

rf/ g] kfnL kbofqLsf] p4f/

-afFsL clGtd k] hdf_

pkk|d'v;Fu dlxnfdlxnfx?nfO{ ;/ sf/ sf] cg'e"t u/ fpg dxfgu/ n] pkk|d'v;Fu dlxnf sfo{ qmd ;~rfng

u/ ] sf] 5 . ;: tf] Aofhdf dlxnfnfO{ : j/ f] huf/ agfpg] u/ L C0f k|jfx ug{ of] sfo{ qmd ;~rfng ul/ Psf] dxfgu/ n] hgfPsf] 5 . o;} sf nflu rfn" jif{ df # s/ f] 8 ?k} ofF ljlgof] hg ul/ Psf] pkd] o/ d~h'b] jL u'?ªn] atfOg\ . …;+3Lotf gofF zf;g xf] . dlxnf k|ltlglwn] lhDd] jf/ L vf] lh/ xg'ePsf] 5 . t/ sfd cfkm} n] vf] Hg] xf] . s;} n] of] sfd u/ eg] / dfq} x'Fb} g, Ú pgn] elgg\, …w] / } sfd 5, j8fdf . lxhf] s] k|lta4tf hgfP/ lgjf{ lrt x'g'ePsf] xf] < Tof] k"/ f ug'{ k5{ lg . nlIft ;d'bfo;Fu e] 6\g] / pgLx?sf] ;d: of ;+sng u/ ] / ;DalGwt 7fpFdf ;'gfpg] klg sfd xf] . To;} n] o;nfO{ hf] 8\g dxfgu/ n] ljleGg sfo{ qmd cl3 ;f/ ] sf] 5 .Ú ljlgof] lht / sdaf6 dlxnfsf] ;Lk ljsf; / pBdzLntfdf nufgL ul/ g] u'?ªsf] egfO 5 .

cfly{ s cj: yf sdhf] / ePsf Psn dlxnf, ljkGg ju{ sf] dlxnf, lx+;fkLl8t dlxnf / ckfËtf ePsf jf ckfËtf ePsf] s'g} ;b: osf] cleefjs ePsf dlxnfnfO{ of] zLif{ saf6 nufgL ug] { lgb] { lzsf 5 . Aoj;fo / dfu x] / ] / ! nfvb] lv !# nfv ?k} ofF;Dd dxfgu/ n] ;: tf] Aofhdf k} ;f pknAw u/ fpF5 . Ps nfv;Dd C0f lnFbf # k|ltzt / Tof] eGbf a9L C0fdf % k|ltzt Aofhb/ df C0f k|jfx ul/ Psf] u'?ªn] atfOg\ . …Aofhaf6 cfPsf] k} ;f klg dxfgu/ sf] vftfdf hDdf x'Fb} g . To;sf] kl/ rfng ug{ 5'§} sf] if vf] lnPsf] 5 . ToxL sf] ifdf Aofh hDdf x'G5, Ú pgL elG5g\, …ToxL / sd c? dlxnfdf klg kl/ rfng x'G5 .Ú ;+ljwfgn] lbPsf] clwsf/ cfkm} n] vf] h] / lhDd] jf/ L lnPsf sf/ 0f cfkm"nfO{ s'g} ;d: of gePsf] pgn] ;'gfOg\ .

…lgsfo x'Fbf k|d'vn] tf] s] sf] sfd pkk|d'vn] ug] { s'/ f lyof] . clxn] ;+ljwfgn] g} pkk|d'vsf] lhDd] jf/ L tf] lslbPsf] 5 . d} n] lsg d] o/ ;Fu sfd dflu/ xg'k¥of] <, Ú u'?ªn] elgg\, …cfkm} n] af] w ug'{ kg] { ljifo xf] . d ;+ljwfgsf] clwsf/ x] / ] / lhDd] jf/ L vf] H5' .Ú ;+ljwfgn] pkk|d'vnfO{ Goflos ;ldlt, / fhZj k/ fdz{ ;ldltsf] g] t[ Tj tf] lslbPsf] 5 eg] cg'udg, nlIft ;d'bfosf sfo{ qmddf klg ljz] if e"ldsf lbPsf] 5 . -afFsL clGtd k] hdf_

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

kl5Nnf jif{ x/ ] s hfthfltn]

cfkm\gf] wd{ , ;+: s[ lt, e] ife"iff, / x g ; x g / r f 8 { k j { n f O { k|fyldstfdf / fv] sf] kfOG5 . g] kfndf a;f] af; ug] { cflbjf;Ln] @)^@÷)^# sf] kl/ jt{ gkl5 cfkm\gf] kj{ nfO{ a9L dxTj lbg yfn] sf 5g\ .

;f] gfd Nxf] ;f/ kj{ nfO{ g] kfn XofNdf] ;dfh ;] jf ;+3 sf: sLn]

zlgjf/ kf ] v/ fdf eJo?kdf dgfPsf] 5 . rGb|kfqf] df cfwfl/ t / xL dgfpg] Nxf] ;f/ lgs} k'/ fgf] kj{ dflgG5 . of] kj{ lrlgofF d+uf] n ;Eotf;Fu} z'?jft ePsf] ljZjf; 5 .

g] kfn Xof] Ndf] ;dfh ;] jf ;+3, sf: sLn] @!$& cf} + Rofu kmf] lHojf Nxf] -d';f ju{ _ ;f] gfd Nxf ] ;f/ sfo { q mddf Nxf ] ;f/ z'esfdgf cfbfgk|bfg, ;Ddfg, ljljw ;fF: s[ lts sfo{ qmdsf ;fy}

XofNdf] n] dgfP ;f] gfd Nxf] ;f/

-afFsL clGtd k] hdf_

dxfgu/ sf dlxnf k|ltlglw

pkl: ylt rN5, sfd rNb} g

@ @)&^ c;f] h @ ut] laxLaf/ k|b] z@ @)&^ df3 !( ut] cfOtjf/ k|b] z

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

g] kfn / ] 8qm; ;f] ;fO6L / bfxfn

;] jf ;dfh sf: sL g] kfnsf] ;+o'Qm cfof] hgf kf ] v/ f @$, sf: sLsf] 6df zlgaf/ lgMz'Ns : jf: Yo lzlj/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

: yfgLo j;Gt k|fljdf ePsf] lzlj/ df $ ;o hgfeGbf a9L JolQmn] ;xeflutf hgfPsf] bfxfn ;] jf ;dfh sf: sLsf k|rf/ ljefu k|d'v Clif/ fd bfxfnn] hfgsf/ L lbP .

/ ] 8qm; ;f] ;fO6L sf: sLsf pk;efklt 808/ fh zdf{ sf] k|d'v cfltYodf ePsf] sfo{ qmddf

kf] v/ f @$ cWoIf cf] dk|;fb ; 'j ] b L , b fxfn ; ] j f ;dfh sf: sLsf cWoIf u0f] zk|;fb bfxfn, / ] 8qm; a} bfd pkzfvfsf ;efklt lu/ L/ fh clwsf/ L nufot af] n] sf lyP .

sfo{ qmddf 8f tf/ f sf] O/ fnfn] dw'd] x yfO/ fO8 Pj+ xdf] { g, 8f ;f} hg ;'j] bLn] 5fnf tyf of} g/ f] u, 8f 9fsfs 'df/ > ] i7 hg/ n k|flS6;, 8f dgf] h sf] O/ fnf k] 6, 5ftL tyf d'6'/ f] u, 8f af;' kf} 8] n hg/ n d] l8sn ;h{ g nufot ;] jf lbPsf lyP .

sfo { q md ; +rfng t 'n;L bfxfnn] u/ ] sf lyP .

sf: sLsf] 6df lzlj/

cfbz{ ;dfh ndh'ª

bf] bL { ufpFkflnsf–( l: yt

dfemufp Fdf gjHof ] lt / lgª lzN8 ;] e] g P ;fO8 km '6an k|ltof] lutfdf z'? ePsf] 5 .

k|b] z;efsf ;b: o wg~ho bj f8 Ln ] p b \ 3 f 6g u / ] s f ] k|ltof] lutfsf] klxnf] v] ndf g] t[ Tj o'jf Sna ;fNd] n] gjHof] lt o'jf Sna, sfnf] cl/ +ufnnfO{ $–) uf] n cGt/ n] lht] sf] 5 . bf] ;|f] v] ndf Pkm;L efrf] sn] OGb|] 0fL o'jf Sna afemfv] tnfO{ @–) uf] n cGt/ n] lht] sf] 5 .

o;} u/ L, k|ltof] lutfsf] t] ;|f] v ] n a/ fxkf ] v/ L o 'jf Sna k'/ fgf] b'jf/ n] lxn] 6S;f/ Sna lxn] nfO{ $–@ uf] n cGt/ n] x/ fPsf] cfof] hs gjHof] lt o'jf Sna dfemufpFsf cWoIf uhaxfb'/ u'?ªn] atfP . k|ltof] lutfdf @@ l6dsf] ;xeflutf 5 . ljh] tfn] ! nfv, gjHof] tL / lgª lzN8, 6«kmL, d] 8n / k|df0fkq kfpg] 5g\ . To: t} , bf] ;|f] x'g] nfO{ %) xhf/ , 6«kmL, d] 8n / k|df0fkq kfpg] 5g\ . ;] ldkmfOgln: 6 @ l6dn] !% ÷!% xhf/ , pTs[ i6 v] nf8L tyf ;jf{ lws uf] nstf{ n] # xhf/ , d] 8n / k|df0fkq kfpg] 5g\ .

gjHof] lt / lgª lzN8

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

g] kfn Sof] s'l;g sfg s/ fFt] ;+3

sf: sL zfvfsf] cfof] hgfdf k] 6L k/ LIff ul/ Psf] 5 .

n] vgfy 8f] hf] , kLPg 8f] hf] , afudf/ f 8f] hf] , / +uzfnf 8f] hf] sf # ;o eGbf a9L v] nf8Lx?n] k] 6L k/ LIff lbPsf x'g\ . ;] tf] , kx] +nf] , c/ ] Gh, xl/ of] , lgnf] , v} / f] / v} / f] sf] tx 36fg] v] nf8Ln] k] 6L k/ LIff lbPsf x'g\ .

u08sL k|b] z ;ef ;b: o k'ikf

s] ;L e08f/ Ln] sfo{ qmdsf] pb\3f6g ub} { v] nf8Ln] b] zsf] gfd sdfPsf] atfOg\ . pgn] blIf0f Pl;ofnL v] ns'b ;fudf Psn ljBfsf v] nf8Ln] a9L kbs lhTg ;kmn ePsf] pNn] v ul/ g\ .

pgn] / fHosf] tkm{ af6 v] n If] qdf sd dnhn ePsf] wf/ 0ff / flvg\ . pgn] ljBnfodf v] nnfO{ cltl/ Qm lqmofsnfk ljifodf geO { d "nwf/ s } laifo agfP/ k9fpg'kg] { df hf] 8 lbOg\ . pgn] s/ fFt] sf v] nf8Ln] v] n dfq gv] nL cK7/ f] k/ ] sf] ;odf hLjgsf] / Iff

ug{ ;Sg] atfOg\ . g] kfn Sof] s'l;g sfg s/ fFt]

u08sL k|b] z k|d'v lbksaxfb'/ uf] bf/ n] s/ fFt] sf] ljBfdf sf: sL lhNnfn] klxn] b] lv g} pTs[ i7 glthf xfl;n u/ ] sf] / Tof] Oltxf; clxn] ;Dd klg gd] l6Psf] atfP .

k"j{ / fli6«o v] nf8L nId0f s'Fj/ , / fli6«o tyf cGt/ f{ li6«o / ] k|mL lgd{ n kxf/ L, lhNnf k|lzIfs ;'af; v8\sf, lgd{ naxfb'/ s] ;L, ;'dg k|t] n, ;'idL >] i7, ljgf] b g] uL, ch{ 'g a/ fd, wL/ h kl/ of/ nufot k] 6L k/ LIffdf lg0ff{ os e"ldsfdf lyP .

s/ fFt] sf] k] 6L k/ LIff

sf7df8f} F -/ f;;_ . g] kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g] skf_ sf] hf/ L s] Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] a} 7sn] kf6L{ / ;/ sf/ nfO{ ;'zf;g sfod / fv] / ;dfhjfb hfg ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 .

/ fli6«o;efu[ xdf hf/ L a} 7sdf cWoIfåo s] kL zdf{ cf] nL / k'iksdn bfxfnsf] / fhgLlts k|ltj] bg, dxf;lrj lji0f'k|;fb kf} 8] nsf] ;fª\u7lgs k|ltj] bg, ljwfg ;+zf] wg k|: tfjdfly !% j6f ;d"xn] cfcfkm\gf] k|ltj] bg k] z ub} { { d'n'sdf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{ kf6L{ g] t[ Tj / ;/ sf/ nfO{ ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 .

tL ;d"xn] ;dfhsf] rl/ q, JofVof ljZn] if0f u/ L g] kfnL gd"gfsf] ;dfhjfb lgdf{ 0f ug'{ kg] { d'Vo ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\ . ;d"xsf % sf g] tf 7fs'/ u} / ] g] kfnL ljz] iftfdf cfwfl/ t ;dfhjfb Nofpg / ;dfhjfbsf cfwf/ tof/ ug{ ;'emfj lbP . ;d"x !% sf g] tf lxdfn zdf{ n] ;dfhjfbtkm{ n} hfg lzIff / : jf: Yoaf6 z'?cft ug'{ kg] { atfP. pgn] cfkm\gf] k|ltj] ] bgdf lzIff / : jf: YonfO{ Jofkf/ sf] ljifoj: t' agfpg gx'g] ;'emfj lbPsf] hfgsf/ L lbP .

ækf6L{ sf g] tfn] lzIff / : jf: Yodf nufgL u/ ] sf 5g\ . Tof] nufgL Ps jif{ leq lkmtf{ cfpg'kb{ 5Æ, pgn] eg] , æoxL cfpg'x'Gg eg] pxfF s] Gb|Lo ;b: oaf6 x6\g'k¥of] . ls t lzIff / : jf: Yodf Jofkf/ ug'{ ePg . kf6L{ sf g] tf / pRrkb: y sd{ rf/ Lsf 5f] / f5f] / L ;/ sf/ L : s'ndf k9\g'kg] { Joj: yf ldnfpg'k5{ . Æ

;d"x % sf g] tf u} / ] n] e|i6frf/ 7"nf] ;d: of ag] sfn] e|i6frf/ LnfO{ xb} ;Ddsf] sf/ jfxL ug'{ kg] { Joj: yf / fv] / lgoGq0f ug'{ kg] { ;'emfj lbP . æ3'; lnFbflnFb} hgk|ltlglw kqmfp kg'{ , gLltut e|i6frf/ , 7] Ssfk§f h: tf u} / / fhgLlts lqmofsnfkdf kf6L{ sf g] tf sfo{ stf{ sf] gfd hf] l8g] s'/ fn] …;/ sf/ sf] e|i6frf/

ulb{ g / ug{ klg lbGgÚ eGg] gf/ fnfO{ sdhf] / agfPsf] 5Æ, pgn] eg] , æe|i6frf/ h3Go ck/ fw xf] , o: tf] sfd ug] { nfO{ d[ To'b08 lbg'kb{ 5 eGg] dt;d] t k|s6 ePsf] 5 .Æ

g] tf u} / ] n] g] skfsf g] tf sfo{ stf{ sf] hLjgz} nL, rfnrng, cfrf/ ljrf/ , ;/ ;DaGw k"0f{ ¿kdf ;/ n / hgkIfLo x'g] s'/ f ;'lglZrt ul/ g'kg] { cfkm\gf] k|ltj] bgdf ;d] 6s] sf 5g\ .

;d"x # sf g] tf lvdnfn e§/ fO{ n] d'n'sdf e|i6frf/ d'Qm cleofg ;~rfng ug'{ kg] { ;'emfj lbP . pgn] d'n'sdf ;'zf;g sfod / fVg e|i6frf/ lj/ f] wL cleofg kf6L{ / ;/ sf/ n] ;+rfng ug'{ kg] { atfP . pgn] eg] , æl;ª\uf] kf6L{ g} kl/ rfng u/ ] / d'n'snfO{ ;'zf;g / e|i6frf/ d'Qm agfpg cleofgdf ;~rfng ug'{ kb{ 5 .Æ

o;aLr, g] tf e§/ fO{ n] ] kf6L{ g] t[ Tj Pstfa4 eP/ ;/ sf/ n] u/ ] sf pknlAwsf] k|rf/ ug{ nfUg'kg] { ;'emfj lbP . ;d"x !% sf g] tf zdf{ n] kf6L{ n] g} ;/ sf/ rnfpg] s'g} klg dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{ o lnFbf kf6L{ klQm;Fu ;Nnfx u/ ] / dfq ug'{ kg] { eGb} kf6L{ sf] ;xdltdf / fhgLlts lgo'lQmb] lv ljw] os Nofpg'kg] { atfP .

z'qmaf/ af6 z'? ePsf] cWoIfåo cf] nL / bfxfnsf] / fhgLlts k|ltj] bg, dxf;lrj kf} 8] nsf] ;fª\u7lgs k|ltj] bg, ljwfg ;+zf] wg k|: tfjdfly !% j6f ;d"xn] cfcfkm\gf] ;d"xut k|ltj] bg k] z ug] { sfo{ zlgaf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

;d"xsf g] tfn] k|ltj] bgdfly l6Kk0fL / ;'emfj lbFb} ;d"xsf] tkm{ af6 k|ltj] bg k] z u/ ] sf x'g\ . ;d"xut k|ltj] bgdfly cfOtaf/ kf6L{ sf zLif{ g] tfn] hjfkm lbOg] g] skfsf k|rf/ ljefu pkk|d'v ;"o{ yfkfn] hfgsf/ L lbP . a} 7s cfOtaf/ ;lsg] sfo{ tflnsf / x] sf] 5 .

;dfhjfbdf hfg ;'emfj

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

;Kt/ ª\uL ;f+: s[ lts k|lti7fg,

g] kfnsf] zlgaf/ ;DkGg kfFrf} + clwj] zgn] gofF sfo{ ;ldlt rog u/ ] sf] 5 .

k | l t i 7 f g c W o I f t f d f kb\d/ fh 9sfn, jl/ i7 pkfWoIf lvdaxfb'/ u '?ª, pkfWoIfdf h"gf If] qL, dxf;lrjdf dgs'df/ >] i7, ;lrjdf kz'klt u'Ktf, sf ] i f fWoIfdf nIdL lu/ L / ;x–;lrjdf ;'s' lx/ frg rog eP . ;b: odf lkª\unf e§, s[ i0f e08f/ L, ;'dg >flkt, ;fg' hf] lhh", uf] / ] u'?ª, hz' u'?ª, zf/ bf e§/ fO{ , t'n;L zdf{ / / fdhL kf} 8] n / x] sf 5g\ .

pQm clwj] zgsf] pb\3f6g ub} { k|lti7fg ;Nnfxsf/ Pjd\ s: s ] nL clws[ t ;dfhsf cWoIf cWoIf b'uf{ axfb'/ zfx …afafÚ n] k|lti7fgnfO{ p2] Zocg'?k cufl8 a9fpg gofF ;ldlt ;kmn x'g] 5 eGg] ljZjf; JoQm u/ ] .

k|lti7fgsf ;Nnfxsf/ Pjd\

: jtGq kqsf/ ;+3 g] kfnsf ;+: yfks cWoIf s[ i0fk |;fb a f : t f ] n f n ] k | l t i 7 f g n ] snfsf/ nfO{ k|f] T;fxg ub} { cfPsf] atfP .

; + : s [ l tsdL { / fdax fb ' / sf] O/ fnfn] lhDd] jf/ Lk"j{ s sfd u/ ] df ;+: yf cufl8 a9\g] atfP .

k"j{ cWoIf gj/ fh a/ fnn] snfsf/ pkrf/ sf] if / Psn ;fFem sfo{ qmd k|lti7fgsf] klxrfg ePsf] atfP .

gjlgjf{ lrt cWoIf 9sfnn] cfkm\gL cfdfsf] gfddf k|lti7fgdf Ps nfv ?k} ofFsf] cIfo sf] if / fVg] 3f] if0ff ub} { ;+: yfnfO{ ;a} sf] ;xof] u / xg] ljZjf; JoQm u/ ] .

k |lti7fg cWoIf kb\d/ fh 9sfnsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] pQ m s fo { q m dd f pk f WoI f cledGo"ljqmd / f0ffn] : jfut dGtJo / fv] sf lyP .

o;} u/ L dxf;lrj dgs'df/ > ] i7n] k |ult k | ltj ] bg tyf sf] iffWoIf lvdaxfb'/ u'?ªn] cfly{ s k|ltj] bg k|: t't u/ ] sf lyP .

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egf{ v'Nof] BachelorM.Phil

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City Education FoundationKtm. | Ph. 9841206019

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kmf] gM )^!$^*)*^, (*%^)^$^*%

bf] >f] k6s k|sflzt ldltM @)&^÷!)÷!(o; rfkfsf] 6–kf] v/ f art tyf C0f ;xsf/ L ;+: yf ln=sf] nflu tkl;n adf] lhdsf] of] Uotf k'u] sf sd{ rf/ Lsf] cfjZostf k/ ] sf] x'Fbf of] Uo OR5's g] kfnL gful/ sn] cfˆgf] AolQmut ljj/ 0f, gful/ stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk, z} lIfs k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk, cg'ej k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk / @ k|lt kmf] 6f] ;lxt @)&^ df3 @^ ut] ;Dddf sfof{ no ;dodf x: tlnlvt lgj] bg ;lxt b/ vf: tsf] nflu cfXjfg ul/ G5 . tkl;nkbM k|aGws–! of] UotfM jfl0fHo zf: qdf : gfts tx pQL0f{ jf ;f] ;/ x, sDKo"6/ df bIf, ljQLo

If] qdf sfd u/ ] sf] jf ;DalGwt If] qsf] sfdaf6 cjsfzk|fKt JolQmnfO{ ljz] if u|fXotf,

kbM 6] n/ M ! hgf +@ pQL0f{ / ljQLo If] qdf sfd u/ ] sf] cg'ejkbM ahf/ k|ltlglwM +@ pQL0f{ ;] jf ;'ljwf M ;+: yfsf] lgodfg';f/ 5gf} 6 k|lqmof M cGtjf{ tf{ / k|of] ufTds .gf] 6 M b/ vf: t lbg] pDd] bjf/ nfO{ cGtjf{ tf{ / k|of] ufTdssf nflu ;+: yfåf/ f ;Dks{ ul/ g] 5 .

sd{ rf/ L cfjZostfo; >L / fd] Zj/ s[ lif ;xsf/ L ;+: yf lnld6] 8 kf] v/ f–!&, / fd] Zj/ dfu{ sf] nflu tkl;n adf] hLdsf] kbdf sd{ rf/ L kbk"lt{ ug'{ kg] { ePsf] n] of] Uo g] kfnL gful/ sx?af6 x: tlnlvt lgj] bg, z} lIfs of] Uotfsf k|df0fkqsf k|ltlnlk;lxt tk;Lnsf] 7] ufgfdf b/ vf: t cfXjfg ul/ G5 . kbM ;xfos Joj: yfks– ! hgfz} lIfs of] UotfM ¸@ pQL0f{ jf ;f] ;/ x kfl/ >ldsM ;+: yfsf] lgod cg';f/ k/ LIffsf] lsl;dM cGt/ jftf{ , k|of] ufTds b'O{ kf+u|] rfns cg'dlt kq tyf cfkm\g} ;fwg ePsf] / sDKo'6/ df bIf, ;xsf/ L ;DaGwL 1fg ePsf] , cg'ejL ;fy} k'?ifnfO{ ljif] z k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 .cfj] bg lbg] clGtd ldltM @)&^÷!)÷@# ut] sfof{ no ;doleq / Ltk"j{ s

>L / fd] Zj/ s[ lif ;xsf/ L ;+: yf lnld6] 8kf] v/ f–!&, / fd] Zj/ dfu{

;Dks{ M– )^!–$^^($$, (*%^)^^($$, (*%^)#@%@*

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

elQm ;+uLt k|lti7fg, g] kfnn]

5} 6f} + jflif{ sf] T;j cj;/ df ;|i6f / ;+: yfnfO{ ;Ddfg u/ ] sf] 5 .

ehgufos 8Da/ nfn dfsfh", kz'klts'df/ u'Ktf / ;xof] uL ;+: yf >Ls[ i0f k|0ffdL dlGb/ / Tgrf] s kf] v/ f ;Ddflgt ePsf x'g\ .

sfo { q mdsf k |d 'v cltly k|ltlglw;ef ;b: o ;"o{ axfb'/

s] ;L, kf ] v/ f–% sf j8fWoIf wgaxfb '/ g ] kfnL / k | lti7fg cWoIf gj/ fh a/ fnn] pgLx?nfO{ ;Ddfgkq, bf] ;Nnf / km"ndfnfn] ;Ddfg u/ ] sf lyP .

To; cj;/ df of ] u ;fws / jLGb| dfsfh"n] ;|i6f kl/ ro k|: t't u/ ] sf lyP .

k | lt i7fg cWoIf gj/ fh a/ fnsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] pQm sfo{ qmddf ljZj lxGb" dxf;+3sf

s] Gb |Lo pkfWoIf z+s/ v/ fn, afng tyf snf k|lti7fgsf cWoIf vu/ fh zdf{ , Ho] i7 gful/ s lbjf ;] jf sfo{ qmdsf cWoIf ljZjgfy k/ fh 'nLn] z 'esfdgf dGtJo / fv] sf lyP .

k | lt i7fg dxf;lrj tyf sfo{ qmd ;+of] hs lkª\unf e§sf] : jfut dGtJo / x] sf] ;f] sfo{ qmdsf] ;~rfng ;lrj zf/ bf lu/ Ln] u/ ] sL lyOg\ .

elQm ;+uLt k|lti7fgsf] ;Ddfg

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

d'dtfh dlN6 ldl8of k|flnsf]

cfof] hgfdf zlgaf/ l;hf] ;ª\u|x nf] sfk{ 0f tyf ;Kt/ ËL ;|i6f ;Ddfg sfo{ qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

; f l x T o s f l j l e G g ljwfdf snd rnfpFb } cfPsf cnf} lssslj b] zeQml;+x s'Fj/ sf] kl5Nnf] s[ lt l;hf] ;ª\u|x …;fdgfÚ / …tdGgfÚ nf] sfk{ 0f ePsf] xf] .

k|d'v cltly jl/ i7 uflosf afaf / f0ffn] ;f] s[ ltsf] nf] sfk{ 0f ul/ g\ . ;fdgf bf] ;|f] ;+: s/ 0f xf] . @)&$ d+l;/ !^ otf pgn] nuftf/ s[ lt k|sflzt ub} { cfPsf 5g\ . …tdGgfÚ ;Dd cfOk'Ubf cf7 s[ lt k|sflzt e} ;s] sf 5g\ . pgn] uhn;ª\u|x …ne : 6] zgÚ, d'Qms;ª\u|x …;] tf] ;+;f/ Ú, xfOs';ª\u|x …cd[ tk|] dÚ, rf] sf;ª\u|x …/ fhdxnÚ, ;] bf] sf;ª\u|x …g] kfnL dfofÚ, tfª\sf;ª\u|x …Ps gDa/ Ú / l;hf] ;ª\u|x …;fdgfÚ kf7sdfem NofO;s] sf 5g\ . ;f] cj;/ df ;+: yfn] ;Kt/ ËL ; | i6f ;DdfgcGtu { t & hgf

;|i6fnfO{ pkflw;lxt cjf8{ k|bfg u¥of] .

;Ddflgt x'g] df a|Xdfs'df/ L kl/ l0ftf -pTs[ i6 cfWoflTds JolQmTj cjf8{ _, : j/ ;'Gb/ L b] ljsf aGbgf -;"k/ e;{ 6fOn cjf8{ _, ljZj d} qL efiffsf ;+rfns od hf] zL -pTs[ i6 ;dfh;] jL Pj+ lzIff;] jL cjf8{ _, nf] s] Gb|s'df/ / fO { -;dfh;] jL Pj+ Joj;foL cjf8{ _, uflosf : j?kf / ;fOnL -e;{ 6fOn uflosf cjf8{ _, lji0f' sfsL{ -pTs[ i6 uLtsf/ cjf8{ _ / dL/ f sfsL{ -pTs[ i6 uflosf cjf8{ _ 5g\ .

pgLx?nfO{ k|d'v cltly afaf / f0ff, ;+: yfsf ;+/ Ifs ;flxTosf/ Pj+ lzIff;] jL If] qaxfb'/ s'Fj/ , snfk|] dL / fdb] jL s'Fj/ , ;+: yfsf cWoIf b] zeQml;+x s'Fj/ n] bf] ;Nnf cf] 9fpFb} cjf8{ x: tfGt/ 0f u/ ] sf lyP . ;Ddflgt ;|i6fn] ;Ddfgaf6 cem} cfkm\gf] If] qdf yk phf{ yk] sf] eGb} ;+: yfk|lt cfef/ k|s6 u/ ] .

o: t} , ;+: yfsf ;+/ Ifs If] qaxfb'/ s' Fj/ n] ;dfhdf 7"nf] of] ubfg lbP/ klg n's] / a;] sf JolQmnfO{

;+: yfn] ;Ddfg ub} { cfPsf] atfP . pgn] ;Dkbf snf dlGb/ n] klg xfn;Dd sl/ a *% ;|i6fnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/ ;s] sf] hfgsf/ L ;d] t lbP .

;+: yfsf cWoIf b] zeQml;+x s'Fj/ n] b] zsf] snf;+: s[ lt / Iff ub} { cfkm"x?n] ;|i6fsf] of] ubfg lr/ : yfoL agfpg lg/ Gt/ sfo{ qmd u/ ] sf] ] atfP .

sfo{ qmddf uflosf afaf / f0ff, b] ljsf aGbgfnufotn] uLt ufP/ dgf] / ~hg k|bfg u/ ] sf lyP .

d] 3f Pkmdsf] ;xof] udf ePsf] sfo{ qmddf ;xof] uLnfO{ k|z+;fkq k|bfg ul/ of] .

sfo { qmddf : jfut dGtJo ;+rf/ sdL{ clDasf / f0ffn] JoQm u/ ] sL lyOg\ . pgn] ;|i6f s'Fj/ sf] kl/ ro lbFb } pgL ax'cfoflds JolQmTj ePsf] / PNad;lxt # bh{ g s[ lt ;fj{ hlgs e} ;s] sf] hfgsf/ L lbOg \ . sfo{ qmdsf ] ; +r fng sfo { q md ; +o f ] hs ;+rf/ sdL{ lt;{ gfnIdL s' Fj/ n] u/ ] sL lyOg\ .

kf] v/ f jfª\do k|lti7fgn] l;hf] ;ª\u|x k|sfzg u/ ] sf] xf] .

l;hf] nf] sfk{ 0f ;Kt/ ËL ;|i6f ;Ddfg

sf7df8f} F -/ f;;_ . ;/ sf/ n] rLgdf km] nf k/ ] sf] gf] e] n sf] / f] gf efO/ ; k|sf] ksf] g] kfndf s'g} lsl;dsf] hf] lvd g/ x] sf] : ki6 kf/ ] sf] 5 . ;+: s[ lt, ko{ 6g tyf gful/ s p8\8ogdGqL of] u] zs'df/ e§/ fO{ n] sf] / f] gf efO/ ; k|sf] ksf] g] kfndf pRr hf] lvd g/ x] sf] t/ pRr ;ts{ tf ckgfpg ;/ sf/ n] ;a} ;+oGqsf] k|efjsf/ L kl/ rfng u/ ] sf] atfP .

sf] / f] gf efO;/ sf] ;Defljt k|sf] ksf] hf] lvd lgoGq0fsf nflu s] –s: tf pkfo ckgfpg] eGg] ;Gbe{ df zlgaf/ ;/ f ] sf/ jfnf lgsfo;Fusf] 5nkmnsf qmddf pgn] g] kfnsf] ko{ 6g If] q ;'/ lIft / x] sf] / sf] / f] gf efO/ ;sf] hf] lvd Go"gLs/ 0fsf nflu ;/ sf/ ;+j] bgzLn / x] sf] atfP . hf] lvd lgoGq0fsf nflu lqe'jg cGt/ / fli6«o ljdfg: yn tyf rLg;Fusf ;Ldfgfsfdf : jf: YosIf ;~rfng ul/ Psf] pgn] hfgsf/ L lbP .

pgn] eg] ] , æg] kfn clxn] sf] / f] gf efO/ ;sf] pRr hf] lvd If] q xf] Og, t/ klg rLg;Fu ;Dks{ hf] l8Psf] x'gfn] ;ts{ tfrflxF ckgfpg} k5{ , To;} n] pRr hf] lvddf 5} g t/ pRr ;ts{ tf ckgfPsf 5f} F, cGt/ dGqfnosf] ;dGjodf ;a} ;+oGqnfO{ k|efjsf/ L¿kdf kl/ rfng ul/ Psf] 5 .Æ sf] / f] gf efO;/ sf] xNnf rn] kl5 ;/ sf/ n] Ps ;ftfb] lv o;n] kfg{ ;Sg] c;/ sf ;DaGwdf ;/ f] sf/ jfnf;Fu 5nkmn ul/ / x] sf] 5 . df3 !@ df k|wfgdGqLsf] pkl: yltdf u[ xdGqL, k/ / fi6«dGqL, : jf: Yo tyf hg;ª\VofdGqL, ;+: s[ lt, ko{ 6g tyf gful/ s p8\8ogdGqL / tt\;DalGwt dGqfnosf ;lrj,

ljefu / dxfzfvfsf k|d'vsf] a} 7sn] rLgdf km} lnPsf] gf] e] n sf] / f] gf efO/ ; / ;f] n] g] kfndf kfg{ ;Sg] c;/ sf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/ ] sf] lyof] .

c lxn ] : j f : Yod Gq Ls f ] cWoI ft fd f cGt/ dGqfnosf k|ltlglw / xg] pRr: t/ Lo ;ldlt / : jf: Yo ;lrjsf] cWoIfdf pk;ldlt u7g ul/ Psf] dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . ko{ 6g;Fu k|ToIf ;DaGw / fVg] lhDd] jf/ ko{ 6gdGqL e§/ fO{ n] klg cfkm\gf] ;lqmotf a9fpg'ePsf] 5 . ko{ 6g If] qdf sf] / f] gf efO/ ;sf] gsf/ fTds k|efj gk/ f] ;\ / ;xL ;"rgf ;Dk|] if0f xf] ;\ eGg] ;/ sf/ Pj+ ;/ f] sf/ jfnf Joj;foLsf] wf/ 0ff 5 .

kl5Nnf lbgdf ;~rf/ dfWoddf sf ] / f ] gf efO/ ;af/ ] g] kfnsf ;Gbe{ df cfO/ x] sf ljleGg ;dfu|Ln] Joj;fodf Ps k|sf/ sf qf; pTkGg u/ fPsf] eGb} ;DalGwt ljifodf ;+j] bgzLn eP/ ;Gb] z k|sfzg k|;f/ 0f ug{ klg ko{ 6gdGqLn] cfd ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ cg'/ f] w u/ ] .

pgn] g] kfndf a] nfavt o: tf hf] lvd / ;+s6 lglDtg] u/ ] sf] / lj;+ @)&@ sf] uf] / vf e"sDksf a] nf klg ;~rf/ ;+j] bgzLntfk|lt g] kfnL ;~rf/ dfWodn] lgjf{ x u/ ] sf] e"ldsfsf] ;/ fxgf ub} { clxn] sf] kl/ l: yltdf klg ;f] xL lsl;dsf] e"ldsf lgjf{ x ug{ cfu|x klg u/ ] . rLgdf km} lnFb} uPsf] sf] / f] gf efO/ ;sf] k|ToIf k|efj g] kfnsf] ko{ 6g If] qdf kg{ hfG5 . g] kfnsf] k|d'v ko{ 6sLo ;|f] t ahf/ rLgaf6 jflif{ s em08} 8] 9b] lv @ nfv ko{ 6s cfpg] u/ ] sf 5g\ .

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bfgjL/ kz'{ / fd, Zofdk|;fb, OGb|k|;fb, s[ i0f kf} 8] n tyf kl/ jf/

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cGgk"0f{ –#, d/ fp“r]

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bfgjL/ wgklt bfxfn tyf kl/ jf/

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bfgjL/ nId0f e'h] n tyf kl/ jf/

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bfgjL/ / fdhL k|;fb kf} 8] n tyf kl/ jf/

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;d: t dfgj hflts} sNof0ffy{ : yflkt x+;] Zj/ kz'kltgfy lzjfno dlGb/ kl/ ;/ df ;Dk"0f{ eQmhgx?sf] sNof0f ug{ ] lkt[ x?sf] påf/ ug{ ] / wfld{ s ko{ 6g ljsf;, of] u tyf ;fF: s[ lts r] tgf ljsf;, dlGb/ sf] k'gMlgdf{ 0f Pjd\ wfld{ s, ;fdflhs sNof0fsf nflu

ax'p2] ZoLo ejg lgdf{ 0f tyf lgTo k"hfsd{ ;~rfng ug{ ] k|of] hgsf nflu cIfosf] if : yfkgfy{ ldlt @)&^ df3 !) ut] b] lv !* ut] ;Dd ;~rflnt lzjdxfk'/ f0f wgwfGofrn dxfo1–@)&^ df ;xefuL eO{ bfg ug{ 'x'g] ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx?df xflb{ s

cfef/ JoQm ub{ } ;kl/ jf/ df ;'v, zflGt, ;': jf: Yo tyf pQ/ f] Q/ k|ultsf] sfdgf ub{ 5f} F .

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dxfo1 d"n cfof] hs ;ldlt >L lzjdxfk'/ f0f wgwfGof~rn dxfo1–@)&^x+;] Zj/ kz'kltgfy, lzjfono dlGb/ , wf/ fkfgL, cGgk"0f{ ufp“kflnsf–#, kfp“b'/ , sf: sL

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jfGtfdf M-s_ Ps 6'qmf cb'jfnfO{ / fd|f] ;Fu v's] { / ;kmf u/ L

rkfO{ vfgfn] afGtf / l/ ª6faf6 5'6sf/ f ldN5 .-v_ dl/ r, la/ ] g"g, sfnf] hL/ f tyf sNk] ld>L a/ fa/ ld;fO{ w"nf] kf/ ] / lk: g] ca Tof] w"nf] df bf] Aa/ dx ld;fP/ ;f] n] k rf6] df pN6L / flsG5 . -u_ dxdf a] ;f/ ld;fP/ v'jfpg] xf] eg] afGtf / f] lsG5 . -3_ kfgL ttfP/ Njfª / lrgL / fvL lkpgfn] afGtf cfpg 5f] 8\5 . -ª_ ;'Gtnfsf] af] qmfsf] w"nf] clnslt rf6] df jdg cyf{ t\ pN6L / f] lsG5 . -r_ afGtf x'Fbf, k'bLgfsf] kftnfO{ lk: g] tyf To;df clnslt la/ ] g"g / sfutLsf] / ; ld;fpg] . ca Tof] ld>0f lj/ fdLnfO{ r6fpg u/ ] df cf/ fd ldN5 .

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$ @)&^ df3 !( ut] cfOtjf/ ljrf/

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cu|h kqsf/ rfrfhLsf] lgwg

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!= cu|h kqsf/ g] kfnu~hsf kGgfnfn u'Ktfsf] df3 !% ut] a'wjf/ sf lbg cfkm\g} lgjf;df lgwg eof] . pgL (@ jif{ sf lyP . s] xL jif{ b] lv pgL a'9\of} nLsf] sf/ 0f c: j: y lyP . pgL ToxfF rfrfhLsf] gfdaf6 rlr{ t lyP . ;a} n] pgnfO{ rfrfhL eg] / ;Ddfg / ;Daf] wg ub{ y] . kqsf/ hutdf pgL cfb/ 0fLo lyP .

@= pgn] ef/ tdf cWoog u/ ] sf lyP . k9\gdf pgL s'zn lyP . pgL ljzf/ b ;flxTo / Tgdf k|yd ePsf lyP . ;flxTo / Tgdf k|yd ePkl5 pgn] ef/ ts] f ;flxlTos klqsf cg'/ fwfdf sfd u/ ] sf lyP . lj=;+=@)!* ;fnb] lv pgsf] kqsfl/ tf ofqf k|f/ De ePsf] lyof] . @)#! ;fnb] lv pgn] cfkm\g} ;Dkfbgdf ls/ 0f ;fKtflxs k|sfzg u/ ] .

#= ls/ 0f ;fKtflxsn] pgnfO{ kqsfl/ tfdf : yflkt u¥of] . pgL Pp6f ;fO{ sn r9] / ;dfrf/ ;+sng ub{ y] . ;fbf kf] zfsdf Pp6f emf] nf le/ ] / otfptfsf ;a} sfo{ qmdx?df pgL k'Uby] . pgsf] ;lqmotf / ;xeflutf pNn] vgLo / xGYof] . pgsf] Tof] k|of; / kl/ >dn] pgsf] ls/ 0f ;fKtflxs Ps k6s k9\g} kg{ ] agfPsf] lyof] .

$= pgn] klqsfsf] k|sfzg ug{ ] qmddf @)#$ df ho g] kfn b} lgs klqsf btf{ u/ ] / ;~rfng u/ ] . To;j] nf b] lv pgL k|zf;gsf] gh/ df lj/ f] wL eP . k|zf;gn] pgnfO{ y'Gg] , sf/ jfxL ug{ ] u/ L ;tfpg yfn] . pgn] h] n hLjg klg ljtfP . @)$^ ;fnsf] P] ltxfl;s hgcfGbf] ng ;kmn ePkl5 pgL h] n d'Qm ePsf lyP .

%= pgL g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 afFs] zfvfsf ;efklt klg eP . nfdf] ;do kqsfl/ tf If] qdf nfu] / of] ubfg lbPsf] df g] kfn kqsf/ dfx;+3n] pgnfO{ @)^) ;fndf : jtGqtf ;] gfgL 3f] if0ff u/ L ;Ddfg u/ ] sf] lyof] . pgn] k|] ; sfplG;nsf] uf] kfn bf; kqsfl/ tf k'/ : sf/ klg k|fKt u/ ] sf lyP . : jtGq kqsf/ ;+3 g] kfnn] ut jif{ pgnfO{ ;Ddfg u/ ] sf] lyof] .

^= g] kfnu~h / j/ k/ sf clwsf+z kqsf/ x? pgL;Fu} sfd u/ ] sf / pgL;Fu} l;s] sfx? 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;do pgL Ps cleefjssf ?kdf / x] sf lyP . pgsf 5f] / f ^* jifL{ o ljho u'Ktfn] klg cfkm\g} a'af;Fu l;s] sf lyP . kqsfl/ tf k] zfnfO{ cfkm\g} 5f] / fnfO{ x: tfGt/ 0f u/ ] sfn] klg pgL o; hutdf rlr{ t ePsf lyP .

&= kqsfl/ tf If] qdf pgsf] 5'§} klxrfg lyof] . pgL l;4fGtlgi7 lyP . cg'ejn] vfl/ Psf lyP . lgle{ s / lglZrGt lyP . kqsfl/ tfnO{ Joj;flos agfpg pgsf] 7"nf] of] ubfg lyof] . ;dfh;] jfsf] If] qdf klg pgsf] 7"nf] of] ubfg / x] sf] 5 . pgsf] lgwgdf xfdL zf] s k|s6 ub{ 5f} + . / zf] s ;GtKt kl/ jf/ hgk|lt xflb{ s ;dj] bgf JoQm ub{ 5f} + . pgsf] lgwgdf g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] klg zf] s lj1lKt hf/ L u/ ] sf] 5 .

zq' af6 klg h: sf] jL/ tf 5 k|z+l;t sxfF d5{ / Tof] 5f] / f] / xL / fVb5 hLljt

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ko{ 6g pBf] u cToGt} ;Dj] bgzLn x'G5 . of] pBf] u dfgjLo cfjthfjtaf6 dfq} ;[ hgf x'g] x'Fbf hj dfgjLo cfjthfjtdf ;d: ofx? pTkGg x'G5g tj ko{ 6g pBf] u klg ;+s6u|: t x'g] ub{ 5 . ljZjsf] h'g;'s} s'gfdf h] h: tf 36\gfx? ePklg o;n] oxfFsf] ko{ 6gnfO{ c;/ kf/ ] s} x'G5 . hf] lvd a9L jxg ug'{ kg] { ko{ 6g pBf] u ef] ln s] x'G5 egL eljiojf0fL ug{ klg sl7g x'G5 . x/ ] s jif{ s] xL g s] xL ;f] Rb} g;f] r] sf] 36\gfx? crfgs Ps kl5 csf] { cfO/ xFbf ko{ 6g pBf] u klg ?U0f eO/ xG5 .

ljZj ko{ 6g ;+u7gsf] tYofªs x] bf{ ;g @)!* df ljZjdf cGt/ f{ li6«o ko{ 6ssf] cfudg !=$ ldlnog -Ps c/ a $) s/ f] 8_ k'u] sf] 5 . h'g ;g @)!& sf] eGbf % k|ltzt j9L 5 . OGwgsf] d"Nodf cfPsf] l: y/ tf, cfw'lgs ;~rf/ sf] ljsf;, dWod ju{ x?n] e|d0f vr{ ug{ ;Sg] ;fdfYo{ a9\g', e|d0f nfut sd x'Fb} hfg', k|j] zf1fdf ;/ nLs/ 0f / ;xhtf cflb sf/ 0fn] jif] { gL cGt/ f{ li6«o ko{ 6sx?sf] cfudgdf j[ l4 eO/ x] sf] 5 .

cGt/ f{ li6«o ko{ 6s cfudgsf] j[ l4;+u} ko{ 6gaf6 ;[ hgf x'g] cfDbfgL klg ;g @)!* df sl/ j !=& l6«lnPg 8n/ 5 . h'g @)!& sf] t'ngfdf $ k|ltztsf] j[ l4 xf] . ljZjdf lgof{ t x'g] j: t' tyf ;] jfdf t] >f] : yfg ko{ 6gn] lnPsf] 5 . o;df k|yd s] ldsn, bf] >f] OGwg, rf} yf] c6f] df] jfO{ n / kfFrf} df vfBkbfy{ kb{ 5 .

cGt/ f{ li6«o ko{ 6ssf] cfudg b/ ljZjsf] cGo dxfb] zsf] t'ngfdf Plzof Kofl;lkms If] qdf ;j} eGbf a9L & k|ltzt 5 . ;g @)!* df cGt/ f{ li6«o ko{ 6s leqofpg] / fi6«x? dWo] rLg 6k rf} yf] gDj/ df kb{ 5 . k|mfG;, : k] g / o'=P;=P qmdz k|yd, låtLo / t[ tLo gDa/ df / x] sf 5g\ eg] O6fnL kfFrf} gDa/ df 5 .

;g @)!* df rLgaf6 !%) ldlnog -!% s/ f] 8_ lrlgofx?n] ko{ 6ssf ?kdf ljZj e|d0f u/ ] sf 5g . ljZjdf ;a} eGbf w] / } vr{ ug] { ko{ 6sx?df klg rfOlghx? g} b] lvG5g . vr{ ug] { o; tYofªsdf

cd] l/ sf bf] ;|f] gDj/ df / x] sf] 5 . g] kfnsf] ko{ 6gsf] tYofªs x] bf{ cWofudg

ljefusf cg';f/ ;g @)!( df g] kfndf hDdf !! nfv (& xhf/ !(! ko{ 6s cfPsf x'g . h;dWo] @% nfv $ xhf/ !%) ef/ tLo, / !^ nfv ( xhf/ %$# rfO{ lgh ko{ 6s x'g\ . g] kfn cfPsf ko{ 6sx? dWo] bf] ;|f] 7"nf] ;+Vof rfO{ lgh ko{ 6sx? ePsf] n] rLg g} g] kfnsf nflu ko{ 6gsf] dxTjk"0f{ ahf/ xf] . g] kfn cfudg ePsf cGt/ f{ li6«o ko{ 6s dWo] @(=$ k|ltzt ;fs { / f i6 «a f6 @(=@ k|ltzt Plzof - ;fs{ afx] s _ af6 cfPsf x'g . t;y{ g] kfnsf] ko{ 6gsf] d'Vo ;|f] t ahf/ eg] sf] g} ef/ t / rLg x'g .

; g @ ) @ ) n f O { g] kfn ;/ sf/ n] e|d0f jif{ dgfO{ / x] sf] 5 . jflif{ s @) nfv ko{ 6s leqØfpg] dxTjk"0f { nIosf ;fy dgfO{ / x] sf] o; e|d0f jif{ sf] k"j{ ;GWofdf lg/ fzfhgs ePsf] 5 . cGgk"0f{ If] qdf ePsf] lxdkft / rLgaf6 km} lnPsf] qmf] gf] efO{ / ;sf] sf/ 0fn] ko{ 6ssf] cfudg ck|Toflzt ?kn] 36] sf] 5 . dflg;sf] cfjthfjtdf o: tf k|sf/ sf ;?jf / f] ux?sf] sf/ 0fn] pNn] Vo sdL ePsf] Oltxf;n] b] vfp5 .

;g !((& df / f] h l/ e/ efO/ ;n] lkmhLdf sl/ j #) xhf/ hlt dflg; k|efljt ePsf lyP . ;f] ;dodf of] efO/ ; lkmhL hfg] ko{ 6saf6 lkmlhdf k'u] sf] atfO{ Psf] lyof] . ;g @))! df Go"of] s{ df ePsf] cfqmd0f, @))@

df afnLsf] ko{ 6sLo : yndf ePsf] cfqmd0f, @))# df km} lnPsf ;f;{ sf] dxfdf/ L, @))( sf] : jOg km\n' efO/ ;, @))( df d] lS;sf] df km} lnPsf] Pr ! Pr ! Pg ! efO/ ;, a] nfa] nfdf km} lng] Pnf] lkmj/ , / f] h l/ e/ , 8] ªu" efO/ ; cflb sf/ 0faf6 ljZjsf] ko{ 6gdf

7"nf] ] gsf/ fTds c;/ k/ ] sf] 5 .xfn;fn} rfOlghx?sf ]

n'gf/ gofF jif { sf] cj;/ df qmf] gf] efO/ ; ;+qmd0fsf sf/ 0f # ljlnog l6 « K;x? jGb ePsf] tYofªs kfO{ Psf] 5 . rfOlghx? ;j} eGbf a9L e|d0f ug] { o; l;hgdf hgj/ L !) b] lv k|m] a|'] j/ L !* ;Dd &( ldlnog rfOgLh ofq'x?n] xjfO{ ofqf lng] cg'dfg ul/ Psf] lyof] .

;g @))# df ;f;{ sf sf/ 0f (!^ hgfn] Hofg u'dfPsf lyP . h;sf sf/ 0f $ dlxgf cjlwdf @=^ k | ltzt cGt/ f { l i6 «o ko{ 6s 36] sf lyP . Plzof Kofl;lkms If] qdf @))# sf] n] 6 dfr{ af6 clk|n ;Dd !) k|ltzt / xªsªdf dfq %) k|ltzt ko{ 6sx? 36] sf lyP . xªsªsf] ko{ 6s cfudg b/

clk|n / d] @))# df qmdz ^$=* k|ltzt/ ^&=( k|ltztn] xjfQ} 36] sf] lyof] . ;f] ;f;{ / f] u rLgsf] UjfË8f] g k|fGtaf6 b] lvPsf] lyof] . kl5 ;f] / f] u xªsª x'Fb} @( j6f b] zdf km} lnPsf] lyof] . tTsfnLg ;dodf rLgsf] UjfË8f] g k|fGtaf6 Ps hgf lkmlhl;og xªsª uO{ Ps : yfgLo xf] 6ndf jf; a: bf ToxfFaf6 ;f] / f] u cGo u] i6nfO{ ;/ L xªsª k|efljt ePsf] tYo kl5 k'i6 ul/ Psf] lyof] .

o;/ L ljutdf ePsf] efO/ ;af6 x'g] ;?jf / f] usf]

;qmd0f / o;n] ko{ 6gdf kf/ ] sf] k|efjnfO{ ljZn] if0f ubf{ ;?jf / f ] us} ;+qmd0fjf6 k|efljt uGtJo : ynx?sf] ko{ 6gsf] cfudgnfO{ k'/ fg} cj: yfdf k'¥ofpg ;fdfGo cj: yfdf !( dlxgf / ;/ sf/ n] k|efjsf/ L Joj: yfkg ug{ ;s] !) dlxgf nfu] sf] b] lvG5 . ;?jf / f] u;+u;+u} ljdfg: yn, ;Ldf gfsf jGb x'g' jfo';] jfx? cj?4 x'g' cflbjf6 ko{ 6gdf g;f] r] sf] / bL3{ sfnLg c;/ x'G5 .

g] kfn e|d0f jif{ @)@) df lrlgof ko{ 6sx? pNn] Vo j[ l4 x'g] ljz] if u/ L lrlgof / fi6«kltsf] g] kfn e|d0f kZrft 7"nf] ck] Iff ul/ Psf] lyof] . cj rLgaf6 cfudg x'g] ko{ 6s c;fWo} Go"g x'g] x'Fbf g] kfn e|d0f jif{ sf] nIo @) nfv ko{ 6s leqØfpg xfdLn] l5§} g} k|efjsf/ L / 0fg} lts of] hgf jgfO{ nfu" ul/ xfNg' kb{ 5 . b] zdf olt 7"nf] nufgL / x] sf] ko{ 6g Joj;fonfO{ lbuf] / fVg cj ;fs{ / fi6« ;lxt ldl8n Oi6sf b] zx?af6 ko{ 6s Nofpg] sfo{ qmd t'?Gt yfNg' kb{ 5 . ;/ sf/ n] ko{ 6g Joj;fo ;+/ If0f ug{ : jb] zL ko{ 6gnfO{ gLltut ?kd} k|f] T;fxg ug] { sfo{ qmd Nofpg' kb{ 5 .

k|d'v ;|f] t ahf/ rLgdf efO{ / ;sf sf/ 0f / ef/ tdf klg xfn;fn} b] lvPsf] cfly{ s dGbLn] g] kfnsf] ko{ 6gdf gs/ fTds c;/ kg{ ;Sg] x'gfn] o; jif{ sf] ko{ 6g k|j4{ gdf 6] jf k'¥ofpg g] kfn ;/ sf/ n] ljleGg cGt/ f{ li6«o: t/ sf v] n, : jf: Yo, lzIff, jftfj/ 0f, ;+: s[ lt, wd{ cflb ;DjGwL cGt/ lqmof ;Dd] ng j} 7s cflb g] kfndf / fVg t'?Gt kxn ug'{ kb{ 5 . wfld{ s tyf ;f+: s[ lt ko{ 6gnfO{ ljz] if k|fyfldstfdf / fvL tbg';f/ sfo{ of] hgf agfpg' kg] { b] lvG5 .

n] vs M g] kfn ko{ 6g jf] 8{ sf k"j{ ;b: o x'g . ;+=

b] zdf olt 7"nf] nufgL / x] sf] ko{ 6g Joj;fonfO{ lbuf] / fVg cj ;fs{ / fi6« ;lxt ldl8n Oi6sf b] zx?af6 ko{ 6s Nofpg] sfo{ qmd t'?Gt yfNg' kb{ 5 . ;/ sf/ n] ko{ 6g Joj;fo ;+/ If0f ug{ : jb] zL ko{ 6gnfO{ gLltut ?kd} k|f] T;fxg ug] { sfo{ qmd Nofpg' kb{ 5 .

ko{ 6g / efO/ n ;+qmd0fjflif{ s @) nfv ko{ 6s leqØfpg] dxTjk"0f{ nIosf ;fy dgfO{ / x] sf] o; e|d0f jif{ sf] k"j{ ;GWofdf lg/ fzfhgs ePsf] 5 . cGgk"0f{ If] qdf ePsf] lxdkft / rLgaf6 km} lnPsf] qmf] gf] efO{ / ;sf] sf/ 0fn] ko{ 6ssf] cfudg ck|Toflzt ?kn] 36] sf] 5 .

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To;} n] ljZjdf …;d'bfo dgf] lj1fgÚsf] cj: yf / r'gf} tLsf] ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ ef/ tsf] hok'/ df …;d'bfo dgf] lj1fgÚ ;DaGwL cGt/ / fli6«o ;Dd] ngdf z'? ePsf] 5 . ;Dd] ngdf ;xefuL ljleGg b] zsf lj1 tyf dgf] ljb\n] ;d] t ;dfhdf dfgl;s : jf: Yo sdhf] / x'Fb} uPsf] lgisif{ lgsfn] sf 5g\ . Eff/ tLo ;d'bfo dgf] lj1fg ;ª\3, ;] G6 a] nlk|m8 SofDk; / ;+: s[ lt SofDk;sf] ;+o'Qm cfof] hgfdf ePsf] pQm ;Dd] ngdf g] kfn;lxt, ef/ t, >Lnª\sf, Olyof] lkof, hfkfg, cd] l/ sfnufot b] zsf lj1sf] ;xeflutf 5 .

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ef/ tsf lzIffljb\ 8f gL/ h s] kjg eG5g\, æ;dfhdf s'g} klg åGå lglDtG5 eg] To;nfO{ dgf] lj1fgn] ;dfwfg ug{ ;xof] u u5{ , To;} n] ;dfhsf] dgf] lj1fg a'em\g'k5{ .Æ dgf] lj1fgnfO{ lstfaaf6 aflx/ lgsfn] / hgJojxf/ df nfu" ug{ ;s] ;fFRr} ;fy{ s x'g] df pgsf] hf] 8 5 .

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dgf] lj1fgsf lj1 k|fWofks Pgs] ;S;] gf dfgl;s : jf: Yodf ;'wf/ NofO{ u'0f: t/ Lo hLjg lhpg / dgf] ;fdflhs ;d: of / f ] Sg ;fd'bflos dgf] lj1fgsf] cjwf/ 0ff cfPsf] atfpg'x 'G5 . pxf F ;dflhs dgf] lj1fgnfO{ a'em\g ;s] g eg] kl/ 0ffd ;fy{ s gx'g] df lhls/ u5{ g\ . csf{ dgf] ljb\ k|fWofks P;kL ;xgL ;fdflhs dgf] lj1fgnfO{ ;+;f/ n] a'em\g g;s] sf] eGb}

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d} n] Tolt glhsaf6 lxdfn b] v] sf] lyOg df5fk'R5|] d] / f] glhs} lyof] . ;] TffDo} df5fk'R5«|] glhs} af6b] v] kl5 d} n] Ps 306f df5fk'R5«|] lxdfn Ps 6sn] x] / ] sf] lyPF .ToxL j} zfvdf lxdfn x] / ] / d] / f] dg km'/ ] sf] dfq lyPg sljtf ltdL;Fu ;fFRr} k|] d k/ ] 5 eGg] zLif{ ssf] sljtf / rgf u/ ] sf] lyPF .

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k[ YjLrf] ssf] of] sflGtk'/ sf] sfof{ no jf: tjdf kqsf/ x?sf] hd36 x'g] 7fp+ klg lyof] . oxL 7fp+df d} n] kf] v/ fsf kqsf/ / d] z kf} 8] n, x] d/ fh a/ fn, ;'bz{ g / +lht, s] zj z/ 0f nufotnfO lrGg] df} sf kfP+ .

d'Vo?kn] w|'j kGyL / ;'bz{ g bfOsf] kxndf dnfO{ kf] v/ fsf] lrlr{ t klqsf cfbz{ ;dfhdf sfd ug] { df} sf ldn] sf] xf] / dnfO{ ;xh ?kdf : jLsf/ ub} { pSt klqsfdf kqsfl/ tfsf] Kn] 6kmfd{ dfq xf] Og s[ i0fcGhfgsf] ?kdf : yflkt u/ fpg' x'g] sNof0f kflnv] bfO / s[ i0fk|;fb af: tf] nfk|lt gdg ug{ rfxG5' .

cfbz{ ;dfhdf sfd ul/ / x+bf s] xL ldq x?n] uug ;fKtflxs klqsf lgsfNg] of] hgf agfpg' eof] / dnfO sfo{ sf/ L ;Dkfbssf] kb lbOof] h'g Pp6f uf} / jsf] If0f lyof] . lrKn] 9'+ufsf] 8fFkm] sn/ Nofj dfly klqsfsf] sfof{ no / fv] / klqsf k|sfzg dfq xf] Og dx] Gb| k'ndf pleP/ klqsf a] r] sf] klg lxhf] h: t} nfU5 .

To; kl5 klg kf] v/ fdf d] / f] kqsfl/ tf hfl/ / x\Øf] .

kf] v/ fsf] kqsfl/ tfdf dfwj ljof] lu ;/ ; +usf ] ;xofqfdf lgsflnPsf ] kf] v/ ] nL ;Ktflxs klqsfsf] sfd u/ fO clj: d/ 0fLo aGof] . ljof] lu ;/ sf] ;dfrf/ ;Dkfbg / ;dfrf/ k|sfzg ug{ g8/ fpg] lg8/ tf d] / f nflu dfu{ bz{ g aGof] . xfdLn] 5f] 6f] ;dodfg} kf] v/ ] nL ;fKtflxsnfO{ ;dfrf/ n] kf7s dfem pTsif{ df dfq k'¥ofPgf} F s] xL O: o'x?n] e08fkmf] / klg ug{ ;kmn eof} + .

5fkf ;+u} / ] l8of] kqsfl/ tfdf klg kf] v/ faf6 hf] l8g] df} sf kfPsf] x'F . ldq

sdn k/ fh'nLsf] , ;xof] un] lxdr'nL Pkm= Pddf ;dfrf/ ;Dkfbs, jfrs / sfo{ s|d k|: tf] tfsf] ?kdf sfo{ / t / xg] df} sf ldNof] ToxL+ sfo{ / t / xFbf @)^@.)^# sf] cfGbf] ngdf ks|fp kl/ of] / k|x/ L s: 68L leq} af6 df] jfOn dfkm{ t ;dfrf/ k9] sf] klg la;] { sf] 5} Gf .

kf] v/ fs} kqsfl/ tfsf] s'/ f ubf{ df5fk'R5|] Pkm= Pddf : j/ k/ LIff lbPsf] ;Demgf cfpF5 cfb/ 0fLo ;/ f] h uf] kfn ah|frfo{ ;/ sf] Tof] k|zf;lgs bIftfn] klg df5fk'R5|] Pkm Pd Toltj] nf cJan bhf{ df : yflkt ePsf] lyof] . d : j/ k/ LIff lbPkl5 sl/ j Ps xKtf s'/ ] sf] lyPF l/ hN6sf nflu : j/ k/ LIffdf kf; eP/ s] xL dlxgf d} n] df5fk'R5«|] Pkm Pddf ;dfrf/ jfrg u/ ] sf] lyPF .

kf ] v/ fdf d } ;dfwfg b } lgsdf sfd ug] { ;f} efUo klg efO / fds[ i0f 1jfnLn] ldnfOlbg' ePsf] xf] . s] xL jif{

kf] v/ f jflx/ / x+Fbf klg d} n] kqsfl/ tfsf] lg/ Gt/ tfnfO{ slxNo} 5'6fOg .a'6jn / xFbf ltgfp Pkm Pd, k/ f;L / x+bf / ] l8of] k/ f;Ldf nufot : yfgLo kqklqsfdf d] / f] ;+nUgtf / lx/ x\of] .

o; } aLrdf @)^) ;fn slt { s gf} ut] tTsfnLg dfcf] jfbL ljb|f] xLn] gjnk/ f;Lsf] ;'gjndf d] / f afaf ef] h/ fh 1jfnLnfO{ uf] nLxfgL xTof u/ ] sf] kL8f leq klg d} n] d] / f] snd slxNo} / f] lsg .

5fkf, / ] l8of ] x ' + Fb } kl5Nnf] k6s 6] lnlehg kqsfl/ tfdf klg ;+nUg x'g] df} sf ldNof] sl/ j 9fO jif{ PleGo"h 6] lnlehgsf] kf] v/ f Ao"/ f] df sdn k/ fh'nL / fh] Gb| s] =;Lsf] ;fydf 6] lnlehgsf] kbf{ df cfpg] / x/ k"/ f ug] { df} sf kfP . / km] l/ ;do kl/ l: yltn] ldq k|sfz clwsf/ L;+u dfpG6] g 6] lnlehgsf] kf] v/ f Ao"/ f] df sfd ug] { df} sf klg ldNof] . jf: tjd} d] / f nflu kqsfl/ tf / x/ dfq aGof] / : jo+;] jf dfq .

t/ klg kqsfl/ tfdf cfkm'n] p7fPsf ljifo j: t'k|lt ;d'bfosf] Gofo u/ ] sf]

dx;'; u/ ] sf] 5' . d] / f] kqsfl/ tfsf] ljifo j: t'nfO{ of / ] l8of] df, 5fkfdf xf] ;\ of 6] lnlehg hxfF klg ;d'bfosf cfjfhnfO{ d] / f] nf] vfOsf] ljifo jg] sf] 5 .

cj;/ sf] vf] hLdf kf] v/ f k;] sf] jfO; jif{ ljt] 5g\ / cj d km] l/ d] / f] hGd ynf] lt/ kms{ +b} 5' . oL jfO; jif{ x?df kf] v/ fdf d'Vo?kn] kl5Nnf] r/ 0fdf dfgjclwsf/ kqsf/ ;+3sf] g] t[ Tj ug] { df} sf kfPF, o;sfnflu ldq c;kmn uf} td, jL/ ] Gb| ;fksf] 6f, nufotsf ;fyLx? ;Demgfdf / xg' x'g] 5 .

dL7f cg'ej ;+u} tLtf cg'ejx? klg w] / } ;+ufn] sf] 5' kf] v/ fsf] kqsfl/ tfdf . ;j} eGbf u'gf;f] d} n] kf] v/ faf6 g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] ;b: otf kfpg ;lsg . zfob d efuj08fdf kl/ g d] / f] kmfOn g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] lkmtf{ u¥of] t/ d eGbf cg'h x?n] kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] ;b: otf kfPsf] tLtf] oyfy{ ;lDembf dg b'V5 .

To;kl5 d} n] g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] ;b: otfsf nflu cfkm\gf] kmfOn sf: sL dxf;+3df j 'emfpg] lxDdt ul/ g t/ g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 gjnk/ f;Lsf] kxndf / cem} To;df klg g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf xfnsf s] Gb|Lo cWoIf uf] ljGb cfrfo{ sf] ljz] if kxndf d} n] w/ } kl5 g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] ;b: o k|fKt ug{ ;s] F . kqsfl/ tfsf] k'/ : sf/ kfpg] ;"rLdf t d kg] { s'/ } ePg lsgls Tof] efua08fdf kg] { prfO ddf lyPg .

kf] v/ ] nL kqsfl/ tfdf w] / } ptf/ r9fjx? a] xf] / ] sf] 5' t/ klg dnfO{ kqsfl/ tfdf lrgfpg] kf] v/ f, kf] v/ fsf ;~rf/ u[ x / cu|h kqsf/ x?k|lt cg'u|lxt 5' . cj nueu d] / f] kf] v/ fsf] kqsfl/ tfsf] ofqf 6'+luPsf] 5 . ;don] cfkmg} ufpF kms{ g ljjz 5' .

a"9L cfdfsf] a'9] zsfnsf] ;xf/ f aGg' 5, af/ L afFlemPsf] 5 vghf] t ug'{ 5 / km] l/ pxL ufpFsf syf JoYff ;d] 6] / cfkm\g} ynf] df snd rnfpg' 5 . kqsfl/ tf t d} n] 5f8\g] ljifo xf] Og lsgls kqsfl/ tfsf nflu hflu/ 5f8\g] dfG5] x"F d .

oltj] nf ;xhtfnfO{ 5f8] / sl7g 7fpFdf dfq ;/ ] sf] 5' . d] / f] ljrf/ df ufp+ klg d] / f] ;dfrf/ sf] ljifo j: t' aGg' k5{ , km] l/ pxL k'/ fgf syf Joyf nfO{ k'gtf{ huL kfb} { u|fdL0f kqsfl/ tfdf l5/ ] sf] 5' . t/ kf] v/ f d] / f] kqsfl/ tfsf] u'? xf] . d kl/ l: yltn] h'g e"uf] ndf a;] klg kf] v/ f, kf] v/ ] nL ;dfh / kf] v/ ] nL kqsf/ x?;Fusf] dfof slxNo} 6'6\g] 5} g .

s[ i0f cGhfg 1jfnL u'NdLdf lqmofzLn kqsf/ x'g\ .;+=

kf] v/ ] nL kqsfl/ tfdf w] / } ptf/ r9fjx? a] xf] / ] sf] 5' t/ klg dnfO{ kqsfl/ tfdf lrgfpg] kf] v/ f, kf] v/ fsf ;~rf/ u[ x / cu|h kqsf/ x?k|lt cg'u|lxt 5' . cj nueu d] / f] kf] v/ fsf] kqsfl/ tfsf] ofqf 6'+luPsf] 5 . ;don] cfkmg} ufpF kms{ g ljjz 5' .

kf] v/ ] nL;“usf] dfof slxNo} g6'6f] ;\

cToGt} rfn' cj: yfdf / x] sf] / ] i6'/ ] 06 kf] v/ fsf] lrKn] 9'·f l: yt sl/ a $)) hgfsf] Ifdtf ePsf] a} ª\s'6 nGhaf/ t'–laqmLdf . ;Dks{ M (*$%))^)(#,

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ch{ ] G6 rflxof] / fi6«a} +s rf] sdf cjl: yt Ps xf] 6nsf nflu lgDg sd{ rf/ L cfjZostfs's x] Nk/ M ! hgfj] 6/ M @ hgf-tna cfk;L ;dembf/ Ldf, vfgfj: gsf] ;'ljwf 5 ._

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cfjZostfs's x] Nk/ M s] xLs's x] Nk/ M s] xLj] 6/ M s] xLtna M cfk;L ;dembf/ Ldfvfgfj: gsf] ;'ljwf 5 .

d] 6«f] l;6L xl: k6n SoflG6g;[ hgfrf] s

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ls/ fgf k;n laqmLdfcToGt rfn' cj: yfdf / x] sf] n} nf ls/ fgf : 6f] ;{ ljb] z hfg' kg{ ] ePsfn] t'?Gt} ljqmLdf .: yfgM kflnv] rf] s b] lv dfly, k|ltef af] l8{ ª : s"nsf] cf8df d"No cfk;L ;dembf/ Ldf

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cfjZostfo; s] =kL=kL= ;Knfo;{ sf nflu sd{ rf/ L cfjZostfkbM ahf/ k|ltlglw;+VofM !@ -k'?if_ / # -dlxnf_tnaM cfk;L ;dembf/ Ldf;fO{ sn / df] 6/ ;fO{ n rnfpg ;Sg] /

cg'ejLnfO{ ljz] if k|fyldstfk|f] = lji0f' k|;fb e08f/ L

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cfjZostfkf] v/ f–%, k: of{ ªl: yt Ps / ] i6'/ ] 06sf nflu sd{ rf/ L cfjZostfs'sM ! hgfs's x] Nk/ M ! hgfl8; jf;/ M ! hgftnjM cfk;L ;dembf/ Ldfvfgj: gsf] ;'ljwf ;lxt

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hUuf laqmLdfkf] v/ f–@&, n] vgfy 8fF8fsf] gfs k'/ gs'g'df $ / f] kgL & cfgf 38] / L ljqmLdf .Jofkfl/ s kl/ of] hgf -: s'n, kmlg{ r/ pBf] u, snsf/ vfgf uf] bfdsf] nflu pko'{ Qm_– clt ;: tf] df . – !# lkm6 af6f] ePsf] .

sd{ rf/ L cfjZostfP;=cfO{ = clkm;sf] nflu;fwf/ 0f M # hgfTest, SEE: % hgf+@ above: # hgftnaM ;+: yfsf] lgodfg';f/

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gof“ clkm;sf] nflusd{ rf/ L rflxof]

cfjZostfho ljGWojfl;gL cu/ aQL pBf] unfO{ cu/ aQL agfpg k9] –gk9] sf yk gofF n] l8h, u[ lx0fL, dlxnf sd{ rf/ Lx¿sf] cfjZostf–!))Ü sfdsf] Uof/ ] G6L –cfkm\g} 3/ df ;fdu|L nu] / km';{ bsf]

;dodf sfd ug{ ;lsg] – sfd bIftfsf] Ifdtfsf]

cfwf/ df dfl;s ̂ ÷& xhf/ eGbf a9L sdfpg ;lsg]

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gofF zfvf lj: tf/ sf] nflu s] xL sd{ rf/ L cfjZostf k/ ] sf] x'Fbf t'–;Dks{ ug'{ xf] nf.cf=;+=M ( n] l8h÷h] G;z} = of] Uotf M ;fwf/ 0f, Test, SLC, +2 above;do M !)M#) b] lv $M#) ah] ;Dd6f9faf6 cfpg] nfO{ vfgf a: g] sf] Joj: yf.

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sd{ rf/ L clt cfjZostf

cfjZostfo; kf] v/ f xl: k6n P08 l/ ;r{ ;] G6/ k|f=ln=sf nflu tkl;n adf] lhdsf sd{ rf/ Lx?sf] cfjZostf k/ ] sf] x'gfn] of] Uotf

k'u] sf OR5's g] kfnLx?n] cfj] bg lbg'x'g hfgsf/ L u/ fOG5 .

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: 6fkm g;{ – s] xL kL;LPn gl;{ ª

kmfd] { ;L OGrfh{ – ! hgf B Pharmakmd] { ;L ;xfos– s] xL D Pharmacfj] bg lbg] ldltM @)&^÷!)÷@$ ;Dd -: 6fkm{ g;{ sf nflu_

cfj] bg lbg] ldltM @)&^÷!)÷@( ;Dd -kmfd] { ;Lsf nflu_

cGtjf{ tf{ sf nflu kmf] gaf6 ;Dks{ ul/ g] 5 .

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@)^) ;fn slt{ s gf} ut] tTsfnLg dfcf] jfbL ljb|f] xLn] gjnk/ f;Lsf] ;'gjndf d] / f afaf ef] h/ fh 1jfnLnfO{ uf] nLxfgL xTof u/ ] sf] kL8f leq klg d} n] d] / f] snd slxNo} / f] lsg .

3/ ljqmLdfkf] v/ f–!&, lj/ f} 6frf] s d] g/ f] 8df # cfgfdf ag] sf] Jofkfl/ s tyf cfjf;sf] nflu ;fF9] @ tn] clt ;'Gb/ 3/ ! df: 6/ j] 8?d, % j] 8?d, ! lsrg / 8fO{ lgª, 7"nf] lnleª ?d, ! k"hf sf] 7f, # ;6/ ;fy} k|z: t kfls{ ªsf] ;'ljwf ePsf] .

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? s[ i0fcGhfg 1jfnL

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jfUdtL ;kmfO dxfcleofgsf] #%!cf} F xKtfdf lqk'/ ] Zj/ l: yt k'nd'lgsf] gbL lsgf/ df ;kmfO u/ L ^ d] l6«s 6g kmf] x/ Joj: yfkg ul/ Psf] 5 .

;kmfOdf g] kfnL ;] gf, g] kfn k|x/ L, ;z: q k|x/ L, clwsf/ ;DkGg jfUdtL ;Eotf PsLs[ t ljsf; ;ldlt, sf7df8f} F dxfgu/ kflnsfnufot !^ eGbf a9L ;+: yfsf u/ L # ;o %) hgfeGbf a9L cleofgsdL{ sf] ;xeflutf / x] sf] cleofgsdL{ lszf] / l;+x zfxLn] hfgsf/ L lbP .

;kmfOdf clwsf/ ;DkGg jfUdtL ;ldltsf k"j{ cfof] hgf k|d'v cflzif l3ld/ ] nufot ;xefuL x'g'ePsf] lyof] . csf] { xKtf zlgaf/ g] kfn 6] lnsdsf] jflif{ sf] T;jsf cj;/ df ToxfF sfo{ / t sd{ rf/ L klg ;xefuL eP/ ;kmfO cleofgdf ;fy hfgsf/ L k|fKt ePsf] klg cleofgsdL{ zfxLn] ;'gfP .

lj;+ @)&) h] 7 % ut] jfUdtL ;kmfO dxfcleofg z'? ePkl5 xfn b] ze/ ! ;o ^ eGbfa9L : yfgdf : jtM: km"t{ ?kdf ;kmfO cleofg rln/ x] sf] 5 .

jfUdtL ;kmfO dxfcleofg #%! cf} F xKtfdf

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

dfbL ufpFkflnsfdf g] kfn lzIfs ;+3sf] bf] >f] : yfgLo ;ef Pj+ kl/ rofTds cGtlqm{ of ePsf] 5 .

sfo{ qmddf @)&^ df lzIfs ;] jf cfof] usf] k|lt: kwf{ af6 pQL0f{ eO lgo'lQm lnPsf k|fOe/ L, lgdfjL / dflj txsf lzIfs ;+3df cfa4 lzIfsnfO{ ;Ddfg;d] t ul/ Psf] lyof] .

lzIfs ;+3, dfbL cWoIf j;Gt/ fh ;fksf] 6fsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{ qmddf k|d'v cltly

sfFu|] ; sf: sL ;efklt s[ i0f s] ;Ln] s] kL cf] nLg] t [ Tjsf] ;/ sf/ n] g] kfnsf] : jfwLgtf vt/ fdf kg] { u/ L cd] l/ sL Pd;L;L ;xof] u lng vf] h] sf] cf/ f] k nufP .

Pdl;;L g] kfnsf] : jfwLgtf, cfTdlg0 f { osf ] clwsf/ sf ] lvnfkmdf / x ] sf ] atfP . ‘of ] xfd|f] : jfwLgtf / cfTdlg0f{ osf] clwsf/ sf] lvnfkmdf 5, ’ pgn] eg] , ‘cd] l/ sfxf] ;\ jf cGo s'g} b] z;Fu klg o;/ L sfd ug{ ldNb} g .’

sfo{ qmddf lzIfs ;+3sf k"j{ s] G›Lo pkfWoIf lszf] / bQ a/ fn, lzIfs ;+3 u08sL k|b] z

cWoIf lz/ f] dl0f nfld5fg] , lzIfs ;+3 sf: sL lhNnf cWoIf / d] z e§/ fO{ , s] G›Lo ;b: o j;Gt/ fh kf08] , g] lj ;+3 k"j{ s] G›Lo ;b: o Pj+ hgk|ltlglw ;/ f ] h s] ;L, sfFu|] ;g] t[ ;/ : jtL u'?ª, g] kfnL sfFu|] ; dfbL cWoIf b] jLh+u u'?ª, dfbL * j8fWoIf ofdaxfb'/ u'?ª, ldqnfn ;fksf] 6f, 9fsf/ fh ;'j] bL, / fdrG› cf] emf, k'?iff] Qd ;fksf] 6fn] lzIfs xslxt / ;dfh kl/ jt{ gaf/ ] af] n] sf] hfgsf/ L dfbL ;lrj lr/ ~hLjL kf} 8] nn] u/ ] sf lyP .

lzIfs ;+3 k|ltlglwaLr kl/ rofTds

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;d: t dfgj hflts} sNof0ffy{ : yflkt x+;] Zj/ kz'kltgfy lzjfno dlGb/ kl/ ;/ df ;Dk"0f{ eQmhgx?sf] sNof0f ug{ ] lkt[ x?sf] påf/ ug{ ] / wfld{ s ko{ 6g ljsf;, of] u tyf ;fF: s[ lts r] tgf ljsf;, dlGb/ sf] k'gMlgdf{ 0f Pjd\ wfld{ s, ;fdflhs sNof0fsf nflu ax'p2] ZoLo ejg lgdf{ 0f tyf lgTo k"hfsd{ ;~rfng ug{ ] k|of] hgsf nflu cIfosf] if : yfkgfy{ ldlt @)&^ df3 !) ut] b] lv !* ut] ;Dd ;~rflnt

lzjdxfk'/ f0f wgwfGofrn dxfo1–@)&^ df ;xefuL eO{ bfg ug{ 'x'g] ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx?df xflb{ s cfef/ JoQm ub{ }

;kl/ jf/ df ;'v, zflGt, ;': jf: Yo tyf pQ/ f] Q/ k|ultsf] sfdgf ub{ 5f} F .

xflb{ s cfef/

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: ju{ åf/ L dxfk|e'

Ä lzv/ art tyf C0f ;xsf/ L ;+: yf ln=, cGgk"0f{ –!, gfu8fF8f –!&, %))

Ä t'n;L kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, / ofn] –!%, !)) Ä b] jLk|;fb kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, dfemyf] s – !%, !%% Ä bnaxfb'/ lj=s= -rbf/ f] _ cGgk"0f{ –#, 53/ –!!, %%% Ä nLnfw/ kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –$, k|] da: tL –!), %@) Ä bf} ntL, ;"o{ g] kfnL, cGgk"0f{ –#, 53/ –!), !%% Ä rGb| ua'{ hf, kf] v/ f–!), / fdahf/ –!), %)) Ä wd{ bQ ;'j] bL, cGgk"0f{ –#, / ofn] –!), )%! Ä lr/ ~hLjL kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, nIdLb] p/ fnL –!!, !!! Ä afa'/ fd, e"ld/ fh kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, / ofn] –!!, !!! Ä Clif/ fd bfxfn, cGgk"0f{ –!, gfu8fF8f –!!, !!! Ä ljho u'/ fufO{ , O6x/ L p=df=–$ –!!, !!! Ä 8Dd/ axfb'/ , ph] nL vqL, cGgk"0f{ –#, nIdLb] p/ fnL –!), !@% Ä huGgfy kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, kfpFb'/ 3'DtL –!), !)% Ä cw] / Lvf] nf ;fd'bflos jg pkef] Qmf ;d"x, cGgk"0f{ –# –!), !)% Ä t'nf/ fd kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, dfemyf] s –!), )%% Ä rGb|snf ;'j] bL, cGgk"0f{ –$, k|] da: tL –!), %%% Ä k'0ok|;fb, kfj{ tL kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, kfpFb'/ 3'DtL –!), !%% Ä h'daxfb'/ , km"ndfof lj=s= cGgk"0f{ –#, kfpFb'/ 3'DtL –!), !%% Ä uf] s0f{ , zflGt kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, kfpFb'/ 3'DtL –!), !)% Ä ef] nfgfy kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, / ofn] , l8nf3/ –!), ))% Ä lxdnfn bfxfn, cGgk"0f{ –#, / ofn] –!), )%! Ä Clif/ fd nfld5fg] , kf] v/ f–!@, rfkfkfgL –!!, !!! Ä s[ i0fk|;fb kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, kfpFb'/ sf] 6 –!!, !@% Ä ld7' kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, kfpFb'/ sf] 6 –!), %)% Ä g/ axfb'/ k'g, kf] v/ f–!), / fdahf/ –!), !)% Ä Sof= anaxfb'/ k'g, kf] v/ f–!%, / fdahf/ –&, ))% Ä gf/ fo0f k'g, kf] v/ f–#, gbLk'/ –&, )))

bfgbftfx?M

dxfo1 d"n cfof] hs ;ldlt >L lzjdxfk'/ f0f wgwfGof~rn dxfo1–@)&^

x+;] Zj/ kz'kltgfy, lzjfono dlGb/ , wf/ fkfgL, cGgk"0f{ ufp“kflnsf–#, kfp“b'/ , sf: sL

Ä a;GtWjh s'Fj/ , cGgk"0f{ –!, gfu8fF8f –!!, !!! Ä gf/ fo0fL b] jsf] 6f, cGgk"0f{ –%, n'Dn] –!), ))% Ä cGgk"0f{ –!, j8f kl/ jf/ , cGgk"0f{ –! –!), )@% Ä s[ i0fk|;fb, ;/ : jtL kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, kfpFb'/ 3'DtL –!), %%% Ä ;f] dgfy, gjLg Kof;L clwsf/ L, kf] v/ f–!^, af6'n] rf} / –!), !)% Ä Zofdnfn, ldgf ;'gf/ , cGgk"0f{ –@, afx|3/ –!), )!% Ä ufoqL afaf -Hof] an/ fd bjf8L_ df5fk'R5] «–%, l/ efg –!), %)) Ä s[ i0faxfb'/ kl/ of/ , cGgk"0f{ –!, gfu8fF8f –!), !)% Ä dfgaxfb'/ lj=s= -ue] { _ cGgk"0f{ –#, 3'DtL –!), ))% Ä l9s'/ kf] v/ L o'jf ;~hfn, cGgk"0f{ –!, @, # –!), ))% Ä ab|L, xl/ k|;fb kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, / ofn] –!), %)% Ä lji0f'dfof kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, 8fF8f3/ –!), #)% Ä rGb|snf kxf/ L, kf] v/ f–^, n] s;fO8 –%, ))% Ä ;Ltfs'df/ L uf} td, kf] v/ f–!$, rfpFy] –%, ))# Ä afndlGb/ df=lj=, Pn=P=;L= –%, %%% Ä if8fgGb kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, / ofn] –%, ))% Ä u0f] z, / fwf b] jsf] 6f, kf] v/ f–@#, rfkfsf] 6 –%%)% Ä cr{ nf lj=s=, cGgk"0f{ –#, kfpFb'/ 3'DtL –%!)% Ä / Tgs'df/ L ljZjsdf{ , cGgk"0f{ –$, afF;vs{ –%, )%% Ä e] if/ f kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, dfemyf] s –%, )%% Ä xl/ ;'gf/ , cGgk"0f{ –#, afx|3/ –%, )%% Ä jL/ ] Gb|s'df/ rjfO{ , kf] v/ f–@%, ofDbL –%, )@% Ä e/ t s] =;L= cGgk"0f{ –$ –%, %)) Ä dx] z k/ fh'nL, kf] v/ f–*, ;[ hgfrf] s –%, !)) Ä dfltnfn kf} 8] n, cGgk"0f{ –#, 9'·fd'lg –%, !)% Ä s[ i0faxfb'/ s'Fj/ , cGgk"0f{ –!, clwsf/ L8fF8f –%, )@% Ä e"d] Zj/ ;fd'bflos jg, cGgk"0f{ –$, –%, !)% Ä u0f] z u'?ª, cGgk"0f{ –!, –%, !!) Ä / fdnfn, ;l/ tf lj=s= cGgk"0f{ –$, k|] da: tL –%, )%)

sf7df8f} F -/ f;;_ . kl5Nnf lbgdf lghL If] qn] lgdf{ 0f ul/ / x] sf hnljB't\ cfof] hgf lgdf{ 0f ;DkGg x'g] qmd a9] sf] 5 . ;f] xL qmddf lghL If] qsf] nufgLdf ndh'ªdf lgdf{ 0f ePsf] ?bLvf] nf–aL hnljB't cfof] hgfn] zlgaf/ b] lv ljB't\ pTkfbg z'? u/ ] sf] 5 .

s"n ^ bzdnj ^ d] ufjf6 Ifdtfsf] ;f] cfof] hgfsf] ljB't\u[ x ndh'ªsf] Sjxf] nf5f/ ufpFkflnsf–% l;GbLdf 5 . ljGbjfl;gL xfO8«f] kfj/ sDkgLn] lgdf{ 0f u/ ] sf] cfof] hgfaf6 pTkflbt lah'nL : yfgLo ldh'/ ] 8fF8f ;j: 6] zgdfkm{ t / fli6«o k|;f/ 0f k|0ffnLdf hf] l8Psf] xf] . s'n !% lbg;Dd k/ LIf0f k|;f/ 0fsf ¿kdf ljB't\ pTkfbg x'g] 5 . ;f] cjlwe/ ;/ sf/ n] lah'nLsf] k} ;f ltg'{ kb} { g . k/ LIf0f k|;f/ 0fsf] cjlw ;lsPkl5 Jofj;flos pTkfbg z'? x'g] ljGbjfl;gL xfO8«f] kfj/ sf cWoIf s[ i0fk|;fb cfrfo{ n] hfgsf/ L lbP .

lgdf{ 0f z'? ePsf] s/ La @ jif{ d} pTkfbg yfn] sf] pQm cfof] hgfsf] k|ltd] ufjf6 nfut !* s/ f] 8 k'u] sf] sDkgLsf ;lrj hgfb{ g cof{ nn] hfgsf/ L lbP . ljGbjfl;gLn] g} lgdf{ 0f u/ ] sf] *=* d] ufjf6sf] ?bLvf] nf–P hnljB't\ cfof] hgfn] ut jif{ sf] r} tb] lv Jofj;flos pTkfbg ub} { cfPsf] 5 . o: t} s"n $*=* d] ufjf6sf] lvDtL–@ hnljB't\ cfof] hgfdf klg ljGbjfl;gL ;d"xn] nufgL u/ ] sf] 5 .

/ fli6«o k|;f/ 0fdf ylkof] ^=^ d] ufjf6 ljB't\

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

kf] v/ f j8f !* l: yt xl/ j+z art tyf C0f ;xsf/ L ;+: yf ln=sf] zlgaf/ k|f/ lDes ;fwf/ 0f;ef Pj + k |yd clwj ] zgn ] t f/ f ltldlN;gfsf ] cWoIftfdf ( ;b: ;Lo ;~rfns ;ldlt u7g u/ ] sf] ] 5 .

;~rfns ;ldlt pkfWoIfdf / Tgk |;fb ltldlN;gf, ;lrj k"0ff{ v/ ltldlN;gf, sf] iffWoIf u+uf ltldlN;gf, ;b: odf df] ltnfn ltldlN;gf, pdfgfy ltldlN;gf, r "8fdl0f ltldlN;gf, lnnf ltldlN;gf / k'ik/ fh ltldlN;gf

‘;kmnÚ 5g \ . n ] vf ;ldlt ;+of] hsdf uf] kfn ltldlN;gf, ;b: odf / l~ht ltldlN;gf / / flwsf ltldlN;gf rog eP .

T o ; c l 3 ; f w f / 0 f ; e f pb\3f6g ub} { k|d'v cltly kf] v/ f dxfgu/ kflnsf ;xsf/ L ;ldlt cWoIf t] hgf/ fo0f clwsf/ Ln] / fi6«sf] cfly{ s ljsf;sf nflu ;xsf/ Ln] dxQ\jk"0f { e "ldsf v] Ng'kg] { s'/ fdf hf] 8 lbP .

sfo{ qmddf kf ] v/ f !* sf j8fWoIf / 0faxfb'/ yfkf, sf: sL lhNnf ;xsf/ L ;+3sf ;~rfns ;ldlt ;b: o ; +uLtf uf } td ltldlN;gf, efjgf s[ lif ;xsf/ L ;+: yfsf cWoIf an/ fd sf] O/ fnf,

;/ fªsf] 6 ko{ 6g ljsf; ;ldltsf ;lrj lrGtfdl0f zdf{ ltldlN;gf, sfFu|] ; kf] v/ f–!* sf ;efklt lzjk|;fb ltldlN;gf, ;dfh;] jL / fh ] G› clwsf/ L nufotn ] z'esfdgf dGtJo / fv] sf lyP.

;+: yfsf sfo{ afxs cWoIf s [ i 0 f k | ; f b l t l d l N ; g f s f ] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{ qmd ;lrj k"0ff{ v/ ltldlN;gfn] ;~rfng / ;+/ Ifs ¿›k|;fb ltldlN;gfn] : jfut dGtAo / fv] sf lyP.

lgjf{ rg ;ldlt ;+of] hsdf clwjQmf an/ fd ltldlN;gf ;+of] hs lyP . ;ldlt ;b: odf tf] ofgfy ltldlN;gf / huGgfy ltldlN;gf lyP .

xl/ j+z ;xsf/ Ldf ltldlN;gf

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

kf ] v/ f !&, la/ f } 6fdf / x ] sf ] lkmnf} / f ax'p2] ZoLo ;xsf/ L ;+: yfsf] cWoIfdf s'naxfb'/ IfqL lgjf{ lrt ePsf 5g\ .

; + : y f s f ] k | f / l D e s ;fwf / 0 f;ef tyf k lxnf ] clwj] zgn] If] qLsf] cWoIftfdf gofF sfo{ ;ldlt rog u/ ] sf] xf] .

;+rfns ;ldlt pkfWoIfdf Vofdaxfb ' / I f ] q L , ; lrj ;"o { axfb '/ yfkf, sf ] i ffWoIf / fdrGb| s] ;L, ;x;lrj wgLk|;fb 9sfn / ;xsf] iffWoIf a] uaxfb'/ vqL rog eP . ;b: odf

kbdnfn kf} 8] n, kbdaxfb'/ 3tL{ If] qL, OGb|axfb'/ sfsL{ , zflGt IfqL, eujtL s] ;L 5g\ .

sfo{ qmdnfO{ ;Daf] wg ub} { k f ] v/ f dxfgu/ k f lnsfsf ;xsf/ L zfvf k |d 'v ch' { g g] pkfg] n] ;+: yfsf] dd{ cg';f/

sfd ug{ ;'emfP . ;xsf/ L cfkm\gf] lgod cg';f/ rNg ;s] dfq} z] o/ ;b: on] To;af6 nfe lng ;Sg] pgsf] egfO 5 .

s ' n a x f b ' / I f ] q L s f ] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{ qmdsf] ;~rfng ;lrj ;"o{ axfb'/ yfkf / pkfWoIf Vofdaxfb'/ If] qLn] : jfut tyf zflGt nfld5fg] n] z'esfdgf dGtAo / fv] sL lyOg\ .

sfo { qmddf sf ] i f fWoIfn] cfly{ s k|ltj] bg / cWoIfn] efjL of] hgf ;'gfPsf lyP . ;+: yfsf] n] vf ;ldlt ;+of] hsdf dLgaxfb'/ s] ;L rog eP eg] ;b: odf lji0f'axfb'/ zfxL / r] taxfb'/ vfF8 rog ePsf 5g\ .

lkmnf} / f ax'p2] ] ZoLo ;xsf/ Ldf IfqL lgjf{ lrt

cfbz{ ;dfhkf] v/ f

SJxf ] nf;f ] +y/ ufp Fkflnsf–(, 6S;f/ sf] RXof] +u] eL/ df nfu] sf] 89 ] nf ] df k/ L sf: sLsf ] ?kf ufpFkflnsf– &, sfn9'Ëf lgjf;L #) jifL{ of Hof] lt kl/ of/ sf] d[ To' ePsf] 5 . ufpFkflnsfsf] dlkª / ;fNd] eGHofªsf] aLrdf / x] sf] hËndf ePsf] cfunfuLdf k/ L pgL hn] sL lyOg\ . 3fd|fªdf / x] sf cfkmGtsf] 3/ df e] 6L k'¥ofP/ kms{ g] qmddf z'qmaf/ lbpF;f] pgL cfunfuLdf k/ ] sL lyOg\ .

kqsf/ s] o/ l;+xn] 3fd|fªaf6 lbPsf] hfgsf/ L cg';f/ cfuf] n] hn] / ToxLF 9n] sf] yfxf kfPkl5 ufpFn] x¿n] pgsf] p4f/ u/ ] sf lyP . d[ ts kl/ of/ sf !@ jifL{ o 5f] / f / !) jifL{ of 5f] / L 5g\ . >Ldfg\ ;'naxfb'/ kl/ of/ 5'§L ;s] / !% lbgcl3 dfq stf/ uPsf lyP .

hn] / 3fOt] dlxnfsf] d[ To'

/ f;;sfe|] knf~rf] s

e'Dn' ufpFkflnsfl: yt hª\un cf;kf;sf a: tLdf lrt'jfsf] cftª\s dlRrPsf] 5 . s] xL lbgb] lv lrt'jfn] uf] 7 tyf 5fk|fdf afFlwPsf afv|f dfg] { / vfg] u/ ] kl5 : yfgLo afl;Gbf lgs} lrGtfdf 5g\ .

j8f & 6f/ sf xl/ x/ pk|] tLn] lrt'jfn] ut laxLaf/ / flt cfkm\gf] uf] 7leqsf * afv|f dfl/ lbPsf] atfP . uf] 7sf] 9f] sf kmf] / ] / lrt'jfn] Pp6f kf7L cfwf vfPsf] cGonfO{ 3fF6Laf6 / ut r';] / df/ ] sf] pgn] hfgsf/ L lbP . pgsf cg';f/ z'qmaf/ / flt klg lrt'jfn] : yfgLo nIdL l/ hfnsf b'O{ afv|f dfl/ lbPsf] 5 .

6f/ cf;kf; / x] sf s's'/ nfO{ ;d] t lrt'jfn] df/ ] sf] pk|tLn] atfP . ælrt'jfn] afv|f / s's'/ nfO{ dfg{ yfn] kl5 a: tLsf afl;Gbf ql;t cj: yfdf 5g\Æ, pgn] eg] ] . lrt'jfn] afnaflnsfnfO{ ;d] t cfqmd0f ug{ ;Sg] ePsfn] ;fFemb] lv g} aflx/ glg: sg] ul/ Psf] kLl8t pk|] tLn] hfgsf/ L lbP . j8fWoIfnfO{ hfgsf/ L u/ fO{ l;kmfl/ z;lxt k|x/ L rf} sL hfg] tof/ Ldf / x] sf] pgn] atfP .

lrt'jfn] hª\un cf;kf;sf a: tLdf uf] 7leq} afv|f df/ ] sf] va/ kLl8taf6 cfPsf] j8f & sf cWoIf df] tLnfn tfdfªn] atfP . pgn] eg] ] , æ;ts{ tf ckgfpg ;r] t u/ fOPsf] 5, cftª\s Go"gLs/ 0faf/ ] ;Dk"0f{ hgk|ltlglw;lxt 5nkmn ug] { of] hgfdf 5f} F .Æ s] xL lbgb] lv ufpFkflnsfsf s] xL : yfgdf lbpF;f] ;d] t rl/ / x] sf afv|fnfO{ lrt'jfn] hª\unaf6 cfP/ dfg] { u/ ] sf] va/ cfpg yfn] sf] pgn] atfP .

e'Dn'df lrt'jf cftª\s

/ f;;afh'/ f

df} ;dL ̂ n'sf] ;ª\qmd0faf6 lxdfnL ufpFkflnsfdf #) ljBfyL{ Ps} ;fy la/ fdL k/ ] sf 5g\ . j8f ^ w'nfrf} / df / x] sf] PGhn Oª\ln; af] l8{ ª : s"ndf cWoog ug] { ljBfyL{ la/ fdL k/ ] sf lk|lG;kn lbg] z ;fu/ n] hfgsf/ L lbP .

ljBfnodf cWoog ug] { ! ;o hgf ljBfyL{ dWo] #) la/ fdL k/ ] sf 5g\ . tLdWo] tLg l;ls: t la/ fdL 5g\ . tLg lbgb] lv ljBfnodf ;ª\qmd0f km} lnPsf] ;fu/ n] atfP . z'?df b'O{ hgfdf km} lnPsf] / tLg lbgd} #) df ;ª\qmd0f b] lvPsf] atfOPsf] 5 . Ps} ;fy 7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf ljBfyL{ la/ fdLn] ynf k/ ] kl5 ljBfno g} aGb ul/ Psf] 5 .

w'nfrf} / : jf: Yo PsfOdf pkrf/ u/ fpFbf la/ fdLnfO{ Ps–csf{ ;Fu ;Dks{ gu/ fpg / cf/ fd;lxt pkrf/ df / fVg ;'emfj lbOPsf] 5 . l;ls: t la/ fdL k/ ] sf gjLg ljs, bLIff ljs / ;[ li6 / fjnnfO{ k|fylds : jf: Yo s] Gb| sf] N6L k7fOPsf] ljBfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . ljBfnosf ;~rfns zª\s/ dNnn] ljBfyL{ df b] lvPsf] nIf0faf/ ] lhNnf c: ktfnnfO{ ;d] t hfgsf/ L u/ fO;s] sf] atfP .

la/ fdL ljBfyL{ df z'?df Hj/ f] cfpg] / kl5 jfGtf klg ;Fu} x'g] tyf p7\g g;Sg] nIf0f b] lvPsf] 5 . lhNnf c: ktfnsf k|d'v 8f ?krGb| ljZjsdf{ n] hl6n k|s[ ltsf] cj: yf eP cfkm"x¿n] klg To;nfO{ k|ToIf lgu/ fgLdf / fVg] atfP .

df} ;dL ˆn'sf] ;ª\qmd0fn] #) ljBfyL{ la/ fdL

cfbz{ ;dfhkf] v/ f

gf/ L pTyfg lbbL alxgL ;d"x, kf] v/ f–!&, 5f] / ] kf6gsf] cf7f} + ;fwf/ 0f;ef Pjd\ ;Ddfg sfo{ qmd zlgaf/ ;DkGg eof] .

s f o { q m d p b \ 3 f 6 g u b } { k | d ' v cltly j8fWoIf tLy{ / fh clwsf/ Ln] : yfkgfsfnb] lv g} ;Ifd g] t[ Tj kfPsfn] ;d"x 5f] 6f] ;dodfg} bL3{ sfnLg k|efjsf dxTjk"0f{ sfd ug{ ;kmn ePsf] atfP . pgn] gf/ L pTyfg lbbLalxgL ;d"x kf] v/ fsf] cu|0fL ;+: yf aGg ;kmn ePsf] df k|;Ggtf hgfpFb} o;nfO{ ;xof] u ug{ j8f sfof{ no tof/ / x] sf] k|lta4tf klg JoQm u/ ] .

;dfh;] jL emlkG›/ fh / ] UdLn] gf/ L pTyfgsf] : yfkgfkl5 5f] / ] kf6g If] qsf dlxnf ju{ df hu¿stf cfPsf] 5 eGb} ljsf; lgdf{ 0fdf ;d"xn] b] vfPsf] rf;f]

k|] / 0ffbfoL ePsf] ljrf/ / fv] .;d"xsf ;Nnfxsf/ 5Gbgfos dfwj

ljof] uLn] cfˆgf] ;d] t kxn eO{ : yfkgf ePsf] ;d"xn] 5f] 6f] cjlwd} pRr: t/ sf

sfo{ ug{ ;s] sf] n] cfkm" ;a} eGbf a9L v';L ePsf] atfP . ;f] cj;/ df g] skf j8f !& sf ;lrj O{ Zj/ L nD;fn, g] sfsf ;efklt b] j/ fh cfrfo{ , ;d"xsf ;+: yfks pkfWoIf

s[ i0fs'df/ L dxt, ;dfh;] jL nIdL kf} 8] n, tf/ fk'~h cfdf ;d"xsL ;lrj l;h{ gf kf] v|] n nufotn] z'esfdgf dGtJo / fv] sf lyP .

;+: yf cWoIf ;l/ tf l3ld/ ] n] ;a } sf ] ;xof ] u / ;b \efjn ] g} cfˆgf] g] t [ Tj ;kmn ePsf] atfOg\ . sfo{ qmddf Ho] i7 cfhLjg ;b: o xfl;sf clwsf/ L, ;+: yfks pkfWoIf s[ i0fs'df/ L dxt, ;lrj / Ltf ;'j] bL, sf] iffWoIf jGbgf e§/ fO{ , ;x;lrj ;Demgf yfkf / rGbfbftf cfhLjg ;b: o zfGtfb] jL / ] UdLnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/ Psf] lyof] .

;d"x cWoIf ;l/ tf l3ld/ ] sf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{ qmddf : jfut pkfWoIf hfg'sf kf} 8] n / ;+rfng ;lrj ljdnf e'h] nn] u/ ] sf lyP .

gf/ L pTyfgsf] ;fwf/ 0f;efdf ;Ddfg

/ f;;cd/ u9L

g] kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g] skf_sf cflntfn ufpFkflnsf sld6L cWoIf 1fg] Gb| hf] zLnfO{ c1ft ;d"xn] ckx/ 0f u/ L lg3f{ t s'6lk6 u/ ] sf] 5 . z'qmaf/ pgnfO{ c1ft ;d"xn] ckx/ 0f u/ L s'6lk6 u/ ] sf] xf] .

cflntfn ufp Fkflnsf–# sf] j8f a} 7sdf ;xefuL x'gsf nflu a} 7s: yntkm{ hfg] qmddf pgnfO{ ckx/ 0f u/ L s'6lk6 u/ ] sf] g] skf lhNnf sld6L 88] Nw'/ fn] lj1lKtdfkm{ t hgfPsf] 5 .

cflntfneGbf s/ La % ;o ld6/ dfly rf} / j08n] eGg] : yfgdf d'v'08f] wf/ L ;d"xn] hf] zLdfly s'6lk6 u/ L uDeL/ 3fOt] agfPsf] g ] skf lhNnf sld6L ;lrj jL/ ] Gb|s'df/ a: g] tn] hgfP .

cflntfn k |x/ L rf } sLsf k|x/ L ;xfos lg/ LIfs sdnk|;fb hf] zLsf] g ] t [ Tjdf vf] htnf; ubf{ lg3f{ t s'6lk6 u/ L cnkq cj: yfdf e] l§Psf] atfOPsf] 5 . c1ft ;d"xsf] s'6lk6af6 hf ] z L uDeL/ 3 fOt ] ePsf ] / 36gfsf] lj: t [ t cg';Gwfg eO/ x] sf] k|x/ L ;xfos lg/ LIfs hf] zLn] hfgsf/ L lbP . pgsf] v'§f efFlRrPsf] 5 eg] 6fpsf] / xftdf uDeL/ rf] 6 nfu] sf] 5 . hf] zL;Fu} df] 6/ ;fOsdf ;jf/ g] skf cflntfn ufpFkflnsf sld6L ;b: o lrqf af] x/ f efu] / ckx/ 0f / s'6lk6af6 hf] luPsf] atfOPsf] 5 . g] skf 88] Nw'/ fn] o: tf 3[ l0ft lqmofsnfkdf ;+ngnfO{ oyfzL3| vf ] hL sfg"gadf ] lhd xb} ;Dd sf/ jfxLsf] dfu;d] t u/ ] sf] 5 .

cWoIf hf] zLnfO{ pkrf/ sf nflu sf7df8f} F nluPsf] 5 .

ufpFkflnsf cWoIfdfly lgwf{ t s'6lk6

&& @)&^ c;f] h @ ut] laxLaf/ @)&^ df3 !( ut] cfOtjf/ ;dfrf/

;dfrf/

cGt/ f{ li6«o

/ f;;÷PPkmkLn08g

sl/ a tLg jif{ ;ft dlxgfsf] ptf/ r9fjkl5

a] nfot o'/ f] lkog o'lgog -Oo'_ sf] ;b: oaf6 aflx/ lgl: sPsf] 5 .

o'/ f] lkog o'lgogsf] ;b: oaf6 a] nfot aflx/ lgl: sg] k|lqmofnfO{ a] nfotsf ldl8ofn] a|] lSh6 eg] / gfdfs/ 0f u/ ] / xfn ;+;f/ e/ sf ldl8ofn] oxL zAbsf] k|of] u u/ ] sf 5g\ . zlgaf/ a] nfot / ljZjsf ldl8ofn] a|] lSh6 ;kmn ePsf] n] v] sf 5g\ .

o;cl3 / flvPsf] clGtd ;dotflnsf ;g\ @)@) sf] hgj/ L #! cyf{ t\ z'qmaf/ a] nfot o'/ f] log o'lgogaf6 cf} krfl/ s ?kdf g} cnu ePsf] 5 . : yfgLo ;dofg';f/ z'qmaf/ / flt !! ah] a] nfot o'/ f] lkog o'lgogsf] ;b: oaf6 aflx/ lgl: sPkl5 ca o;sf] ;a} cf} krfl/ stf k"/ f ePsf] 5 .

o'/ f] k] nL o'lgogsf] ;b: o / x] sf] sl/ a $& jif{ kl5 aflxl/ Paf6 ca of] o'lgogsf] kl/ ro klg km] l/ g k'u] sf] 5 / a] nfot afx] ssf] o'/ f] k] nL o'lgogsf] klxrfgdf ca of] o'lgog / x] sf] 5 . a] nfotsf gful/ ssf] hgdtsf cfwf/ df g} a] nfotn] of] lg0f{ o lng k'u] sf] xf] . a] nfotdf ;g\ @)!^ h'g @# df a] nfot o'/ f] log o'lgogaf6 lgl: sg] ljifodf hgdt;+u|x ePsf] lyof] . To; hgdt ;+u|xdf a] nfotL gful/ sn] a] nfotnfO{ pQm o'lgogaf6 aflx/ lgl: sg hgdt lbPsf lyP .

To; lgjf{ rgdf %@ k|ltzt dtbftfn] a|] lSh6sf] kIfdf dtbfg u/ ] sf lyP . To: t} a] nfot o'/ f] lkog o'lgogaf6 aflxl/ g x'b} g eGg] kIfdf dtbfg ug] { sf] ;+Vof $* k|ltzt lyof] . To; hgdt ;+u|xkl5 g} a] nfot O{ o"af6 aflxl/ g] k|lqmof ;'? eof] . t/ kl5

cfP/ eg] a] nfotn] ljljw vfn] ;d: ofx? Aoxf] / ] sf] lyof] . lsg eg] log} ;d: ofx?sf sf/ 0f g} o; cjlwdf k|wfgdGqL g} b'O{ hgf aGg' k/ ] sf] lyof] .

To; hgdt;+u|xs} sf/ 0f nuQ} tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL 8] le8 Sofd?gn] k|wfgdGqL kbaf6 / fhLgfdf lbg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFkl5 k|wfgdGqL ag] sL y] / ] ;f d] n] a|] lSh6sf] Ph] 08f k"/ f ug] { eg] / nfu] sf lyP . t/ klg o; k|of] hgsf nflu cfjZos kg] { ljleGg ;t{ x¿sf ljifodf pgn] ;+;bsf] ;dy{ g xfl;n ug{ ;s] gg\. h;sf sf/ 0f pgn] klg / fhLgfdf lbg'k¥of] . pgsf] / fhLgfdfkl5 of] bfloTj jt{ dfg k|wfgdGqL af] l/ ; hf] g;g;dIf cfPsf] lyof] . pgn] cfkm"n] of] bfloTj k"/ f u/ ] sf] atfP .

a|] lSh6 x'g] ;do z'?df ;g\ @)!( sf] dfr{ @( sf] nflu g} to ul/ Psf] lyof] . t/ klg o; ljifodf ljjfbx? pTkGg eP . O{ o' / k"j{ k|wfgdGqL y] / ] ;f d] aLrdf ;Demf} tf ePkl5 To;nfO{ ;+;bn] c: jLsf/ u/ ] kl5 s} of} F k6s;Dd kl5 ws] lnPsf] lyof] . o;} ljifodf ut l8;] Da/ dlxgfdf ePsf] lgjf{ rgdf a] nfotsf] xfp; ckm sdG;sf *) ;b: osf] ax'dt k|fKt ePkl5 k|wfgdGqL hf] g;gnfO{ a] |lSh6df hfg ;xh ;xdlt k|fKt ePsf] xf] . ;f] xL k|fjwfgcg'?k uP/ flt a] nfot aflxl/ Psf] xf] .

a ] nfot alxu{ dg ePklg ;'?df !! dlxgfsf] cjlwdf Jofkf/ , e|d0f / Joj;fosf nflu Oo' lgodsf] kfngf ug] { ;xdlt ePsf] klg k|fKt ;dfrf/ df hgfOPsf] 5 . oL b'O{ kIfaLrsf] eljio / Jofkf/ ;DaGwsf] jftf{ Ps jifl{ \eq ul/ g] atfOPsf] 5 . To;} n] o; k|lqmofn] k"0f{ tf kfpgsf nflu yk !! dlxgfsf] cjlw cfjZos kg] { 5 .

a] nfot o'/ f] lkog o'lgogaf6 cf} krfl/ s ?kdf aflxl/ of]

/ f;;÷l;GXjfa] Olhª

ljZjJofkL aGb} uO/ x] sf] sf] / f] gf efO/ ;af6

rLgdf d[ To' x'g] x?sf] ;+Vof zlgaf/ ;Dddf @ ;o %( k'u] sf] 5 .

lrlgofF : jf: Yo clwsf/ Lx?sf cg';f/ sf] / f] gf efO/ ;af6 k|efljt x'g] x?sf] ;+Vof eg] !! xhf/ & ;o (! k'u] sf] 5 . rLgsf] / fli6«o : jf: Yo cfof] un] b} lgs ?kdf o; ;DjGwL ljj/ 0fx? ;fj{ hlgs ug] { u/ ] sf] 5 . cfof] un] lj/ fdL ePsf dWo] !& ;o (% hgfsf] cj: yf uDeL/ / x] sf] 5 . pgLx?sf cg';f/ c? !& xhf/ ( ;o ** hgfnfO{ klg sf] / f] gf efO/ ;s} ;Í|d0f ePsf] cfz+sfdf kl/ If0f ul/ Psf] 5 . pgLx?sf] kl/ If0fsf] glthf eg] cfO g;s] sf] clwsf/ Lx?n] hgfPsf 5g\ . lj/ fdL ePsf dWo] s'n @ ;o $# hgfnfO{ pkrf/ kl5 c: ktfnaf6 lkmtf{ ul/ Psf] : jf: Yo cfof] un] hgfPsf] 5 .

cfof] usf cg';f/ z'qmaf/ dfq} @! ;o @ hgf gofF ;Í|ldt e] l6Psf 5g\ eg] % xhf/ !( hgfnfO{ z+sfsf] 3] / fdf / fv] / kl/ If0f eO/ x] sf] 5 . To;} u/ L z'qmaf/ dfq} yk $^ hgfsf] d[ To' ePsf] 5, tL dWo] $% hgf x'j] O k|fGtdf / Ps hgf rf] ªSjLª gu/ kflnsfdf d[ To' ePsf] xf] .

: jf: Yo clwsf/ Lx?n] z'qmaf/ @ ;o ^* hgf uDeL/ lj/ fdL ylkPsf] hfgsf/ L lbPsf 5g\ eg] ToxL lbg &@ hgf pkrf/ kl5 3/ kmls{ Psf 5g\ . rLgsf] ] dWo If] qdf kg] { pxfg zx/ df ;j} eGbf klxn] b] lvPsf] sf] / f ] gf efO/ ;sf] ;+qmd0f clxn] ;+;f/ sf b'O{ bh{ geGbf a9L b] zx?df km} lnO;s] sf] 5 .

efO/ ;sf] k|sf] k km} lnb} uPkl5 ljZj: jf: Yo ;+u7gn] cfktsfnLg cj: yfsf] 3f] if0ff u/ ] sf] 5 eg] , ljleGg b] zn] rLg;Fusf] gfsfaf6 x'g] cfjthfjtnfO{ s8fO{ u/ ] sf 5g\ . ;+;f/ sf w] / } b] zn] cfˆgf] l;dfgf kf/ u/ ] / cfpg] x/ ] s JolQmsf] : jf: Yo k/ LIf0f ug] { u/ ] sf 5g\ .

sf] / f] gfaf6 @%( sf] d[ To', !! xhf/ &(! k|efljt

/ f;;÷PPkmkLa'ls{ gf kmf;f]

a'ls{ gf kmf;f] df ToxfFsf] k|x/ Ln]

lj›f] xLsf lj?4 hf/ L / fv] sf] sf/ afxLsf qmddf k/ L sDtLdf klg !# hgf lhxfbL lj›f] xL dfl/ Psf ;dfrf/ df hgfOPsf] 5 .

oxf Fsf ] Ps : yfgLo k|x/ L sfof{ nodf cfqmd0f ug] { k|of;df / x] sf tL lhxfbLdfly k|x/ Ln] u/ ] sf] sf/ afxLdf k/ L tL …cftÍsf/ LÚ dfl/ Psf clwsf/ Ln] hgfPsf 5g\ . ut z'qmaf/ ePsf] ;f ] sf/ afxLdf k/ L ;'/ IffsdL{ tkm{ eg] Ps hgf k|x/ L dfl/ Psf / c? ;ft k|x/ L 3fOt] ePsf k|x/ Ln] hf/ L u/ ] sf] jQmJodf pNn] v 5 .

cfqmd0fsf/ L lhxfbLn] k|of] u u/ ] sf xftxltof/ , df] 6/ ;fOsn / lhkLP;nufotsf ;fwgx? 36gf: nyaf6 k|x/ Ln] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] 5 . b] zsf] v/ fa cj: yf, sdhf] / ;'/ Iff Joj: yfnufotsf sf/ 0fn] b] zdf eO/ x] sf] lhxfbLsf] lx+;f lgoGq0f ug{ a'ls{ g kmf;f] sf] k|x/ LnfO{ ufxf] ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .

lx+;fTds ultljlw ul/ / x] sf] ;f] lhxfbL ;d"x cnsfobf / O: nflds : 6 ] 6 -cfOP;_;Fu klg glhs / x] sf] atfOPsf] 5 . logLx?n] a'ls{ g kmf;f] ;Fu} dfnL gfOh/ nufotsf b] zx?df s] xL jif{ b] lv lx+;fTds ultljlw ub} { cfO/ x] sf 5g\ .

k|x/ Låf/ f t] x| lhxfbL dfl/ P / f;;÷PPkmkLl;8\gL

c i 6 « ] l n o f n ] r L g a f 6

cfpg] x?nfO{ cfˆgf] b] zdf k|j] z ug{ glbg] 3f] if0ff u/ ] sf] 5 .

ci6«] lnofnL ;/ sf/ n] cfˆgf gful/ safx] s c¿ s;} nfO{ klg k|j] z ug{ glbg] 3f] if0ff zlgaf/ u/ ] sf] clwsf/ Lx?n] hgfPsf 5g\ . rLgdf klxnf] k6s b] lvPsf] gf] j] n sf] / f ] gf efO/ ; clxn] ljleGg km} lng yfn] kl5 To;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ sf nflu ci6«] lnofn] o: tf] lg0f{ o lnPsf] xf] .

ci6«] lnofsf k|wfgdGqL : s6

df ] l/ ;gn] eg] ‘ci6« ] lnofsf gful/ s, ci6«] lnofsf afl;Gbf, pgLx?df cfl>t, sfg"gL ;+/ Ifs tyf cljefjsnfO{ dfq} rLgaf6 ci6«] lnof cfpg cg'dlt lbOg] 5 .’ of] Joj: yf zlgaf/ b] lv g} nfu" eO;s] sf] pgn] hfgsf/ L lbP .

pgn] gfsfx?df o;sf nflu ;Dk"0f { Joj: yf ul/ ;lsPsf] / ; / s f / L c l w s f / L x ? ty f k | f l j lws / l j1x? klg v6fO;lsPsf ] atfP . ci6«] lnofsf] ljb] z dGqfnon] cfˆgf gful/ sx?nfO{ rLgsf] e|d0fdf ghfg;d] t ;"rgf hf/ L u/ ] sf] 5 .

rLgaf6 cfpg] nfO{ ci6«] lnof k|j] zdf / f] s

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

kf] v/ f !@ , lgjf;L : j= lvgfb] jL sf] O/ fnfsf] !# cf} + lbgsf]

k'0oltlydf zlgjf/ zf] s;ef ul/ Psf] 5 . g] kfnL sfFu|] ; kf] v/ f !@ j8f sfo{ ;ldlt / sf] O/ fnf ;] jf

;dfh g] kfn sf: sLn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf u/ ] sf] zf] s;efdf sfFu|] ] ; g] tf tyf sfo{ stf{ , z'e] R5's, cfkmGt, kl/ jf/ hgsf] ;xeflutf lyof] .

sfo{ qmddf g] kfnL sfFu|] ;sf k"j{ dxfdGqL tf/ fgfy / fgfef6n] ;dfhsf nflu s] xL ug{ ] sf] dfq ;Demgf x'g] atfP .

k"j{ dGqL o1axfb'/ yfkfn] kf6L{ sf nflu of] ubfg ug{ ] kl/ jf/ nfO{ kf6L{ n] cleefjsTj lbg'kg{ ] df hf] 8 lbP .

sf] O/ fnf ;] jf ;dfh g] kfn sf: sLsf cWoIf b] jbQ sf] O/ fnfn] lkt[ sf] ;Gt'li6n] ;dfh / b] znfO{ / fd|f] x'g] pNn] v u/ ] .

g] kfnL sfFu|] ; sf: sL If] q @ sf ;efklt dfwj af: tf] nf ‘dw'' n] cfdfsf] OR5f cg';f/ sf] sfd ug{ kl/ jf/ hgnfO{ cfu|x u/ ] .

sfo{ qmddf g] kfn k|] ; o'lgog sf: sLsf cWoIf gjLg l;Ub] n, g] kfn dlxnf ;+3 sf: sLsL ;efklt sf] lknf sf] O/ fnf, kf] v/ f !@ sf j8fWoIf / fdaxfb'/ sfsL{ , kl/ jf/ sf] tkm{ af6 s[ i0f sf] O/ fnf / u] ] x] Gb| sf] O/ fnfn] af] n] sf lyP .

g] kfnL sfFu|] ; kf] v/ f !@ sf ;efklt / fw] Zofd sf] O/ fnfsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{ qmd ;lrj / fdhL af: tf] nfn] ;~rfng u/ ] sf lyP .

sf] O/ fnfsf] : d[ ltdf zf] s;ef

cfbz{ ;dfh gjnk'/

b 'Dsf} nLdf zlgaf/ ePsf]

l;hL uNkm 6'gf{ d] 06sf] pkflw k"j{ k|wfg;] gfklt uf} / jzd;] / haf/ fn] xft kf/ ] sf 5g\ . 6] Dkn 6fOu/ uNkm 6'gf{ d] 06df #& v] nf8L ;xefuL lyP .

lelh6 g] kfn @)@) df v] n k|o{ 6g k|j4{ g ug{ cfof] lht uNkm 6'gf{ d] 06sf] / lgª ckljh] tf ;'bz{ g l/ hfn ePsf 5g\ . cu|ljg/ df xl/ yfkfn] sAhf hdfPsf 5g . dlxnftkm{ ljh] tf uLtf u'?ª, n] l8h / g/ ck 8f / Ltf yfkf, l;lgo/ ljg/ df / jLGb|/ fh kf08] ljh] tf ag] sf 5g\ .

b 'Dsf } nLl: yt l;hL uNkm l/ l6«6df cfof] lht 6'gf{ d] 06sf] j] i6 8«] ;df kljq ofSy'Daf / x] sf 5g\ . To;} u/ L df] : 6 la|l8hdf k|bLks'df/ >] i7 r'lgg ;kmn / x] .

zlgjf/ ;DkGg 6'gf{ d] G6df k"j{ k|wfg;] gfklt ?Sdf+ut s'6'jfn,

uf} / jzdz] / ha/ f, k|Hjnzd;] / / f0ff, Kof/ fh+u yfkfn] nufotn] k|lt: kwf{ u/ ] sf lyP . / fhwfgL aflx/ $ hgf g] kfnL ;] gfsf k|wfg;] gfkltn] Pp6} 6'gf{ d] 06df k|lt: kwf{ u/ ] sf] of] klxnf] k6s xf] .

6] Dkn 6fOu/ u|'k ckm sKklgn] lelh6 g] kfn @)@) cj;/ df ljb] zL / : jb] zL v] nf8L e] nf u/ ] / v] n ko{ 6gdf cfsif{ 0f a9fpg k|ltof] lutf ;+rfng u/ ] sf] xf] . 6] Dkn 6fOu/ n] g] kfnd} cfufdL % jif{ leq uNkmsf] ljZj RofDlkog v] n cfof] hgf ug] { lznlzndf o;sf] z'?jft u/ ] sf] bfaL u/ ] sf] 5 . u08sL k|b] zcGtu{ t k"jL{ gjnk/ f;Lsf] b'DsF} nLdf ( xf] nsf] ;'ljwf;DkGg uNkm sf] 6{ / x] sf] 5 . oxfF a;] { gL : jb] zL, ljb] zL v] nf8L uNkm v] Ng cfpg] u/ ] sf 5g\ .

lelh6 g] kfn @)@) nlIft u/ ] / l;lhuNkm sf ] 6 { n ] gof “ v] nf8LnfO{ cfslif{ t ug{ lgMz'Ns uNkm l;sfpg] u/ ] sf] 5 .

uNkm pkflw k"j{ k|wfg ;] gfklt ha/ fnfO{

l8NnL/ fd sfsL{ kf] v/ f

dft[ e"ldsf nflu g] kfnLsf]

k|yd lhNnf e] nf ;fy} x: tfIf/ cleofg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

k|d'v cltly ;+: yfsf s] Gb|Lo ;+of ] hs b] jk |sfz lqkf7Ln] @)^# sf] kl/ jt{ gkl5 b] zsf] cj: yf sdhf] / x'Fb} uPsf] atfP .

b] zdf s'g} ;sf/ fTds ;'wf/ / b] z ljsf;sf] sfd x'g g;s] sf] s'/ f cf} NofpFb} g] kfn / g] kfnL hgtfsf] nflu s] xL u/ f} +, hftLo / If] qLo efjgfsf] cGTo u/ L g] kfnL / fli6«o efjgfsf] ljsf; x'g'k5{ , ’ pgn] eg] , ‘ljs] lGb|t k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[ 9 agfpg] PsLs[ t ;fj{ ef} ldstf ;lxtsf] g] kfn x'g'k5{ .’

‘;fj{ hlgs hLjgdf / x] sf zf;s k|zf;s nufot ;a} sf] ;Dklt 5fgjLg u/ L bf ] ifLnfO{ sf/ afxL x 'g 'k5{ , ’ pgn] eg] , ‘af} 4, ls/ fFt, lzv, af] g, tyf k/ fk"j{ sfnb] lv d';ndfgn] dfGb} cfPsf] O: nfd nufotsf wd{ ;+: s[ lt ;+/ If0f ug] { af} l4s ;gftg lxGb" / fi6« x'g'k5{ .’

sfo{ qmddf ;gt cfrfo{ n]

b] zdf w] / } / fhgLlts kl/ jt{ g eP t/ b] zsf] cj: yfdf s'g} kl/ jt{ g gePsf] @)^@÷)^# ;fnkl5 b] zdf kl/ jt{ g x'G5 eGg] ;kgf cw'/ f] / x] sf] b] z agfpg] eGbf b] z s;/ L arfpg] eGg] s'/ fsf] lrGtf ePsf] atfP .

k f ] v/ fd f d f ljsf 5fqf

s[ ltsf lqkf7L / lzj lqkf7Ln] / f l i6 «o efjgf k | ] l / t sljtf jfrg u/ ] sf lyP . k"j{ ;efd'v tf/ fgfy / fgfef6n] g] kfndf lxGb" wdf{ jDaLsf] hg;+Vof w] / } ePsf] x'Fbf g] kfn lxGb"/ fi6« x'g'kg] { s'/ fdf hf] 8 lbP .

sfo{ qmddf bLk uh'/ ] n, gf/ fo0f

sf] O/ fnf, ;gt cfrfo{ , 8f / fh] z P} / fn', c: hn clnldofF nufotn] ;+: yfk|ltsf] wf/ 0ff / p2] Zoaf/ ] hfgsf/ L lbP .

sfo{ qmd ;+: yfsf ;+of] hs 8f ;jLGb| / fhe08f/ Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{ qmd ;+rfng ;b: o u+uf/ fd kf} 8] nn] u/ ] sf lyP .

dft[ e"ldsf] lhNnf e] nf ;fwg / fDhfnL DofUbL

g] kfn / fli6«o du/ ;+3, a] gL

cWoIfdf lbjfs/ a'9fyf] sL rog ePsf 5g\ . g] kfnL sfFu|] ; lgs6 ;+3sf] k|yd clwj] zg zlgaf/ DofUbL ;b/ d'sfd a] gLdf ePsf] xf] .

;+3 pkfWoIfdf / ] 0f' 3tL{ du/ , ;lrj a'l4 z] / k'Ghf, ;x;lrj od'gf kfOhf, sf] iffWoIf ;Ltf k'hf{ tyf ;b: odf dfof ltlnhf, w|'j / f] sf, / TgsnL 3tL{ du/ , c~hnL a'9fyf] sL, nf] sdfof yhfnL, 8daxfb'/ k'hf{ , bdtL ltlnhf, 5dfof k'g, od'gf yfkf, ydfof k'g, 6Lsfs'df/ L ltlnhf, eb|s'df/ L k'hf{ , nfns'df/ L k'g, lk|of k'hf{ , sljtf k'hf{ , ;ljgf kfO{ hf / ;ljgf k'hf{ rog ePsf 5g\ .

clwj] zg pb\\3f6g ub} { g] kfnL sfFu|] ; DofUbLsf ;efklt vlDa/ ua'{ hfn] gofF sfo{ ;ldltnfO{ awfO{ lbP . pgn] / fHoaf6 xsclwsf/ k|flKtdf ;a} Ps x'g'kg] { atfP . pgn] / fHosf] x/ ] s kl/ jt{ gdf du/ ;d'bfosf] dxTjk"0f{ of] ubfg / x] sf]

atfP . du/ ;d'bfo;Fu} / fHoaf6 k5fl8 kfl/ Psf hghfltsf ] xsclwsf/ k | f l Ktsf nflu / fhlglts / k|zf;lgs If] qsf] rtgfsf] hfgsf/ L x'g cfjZos / x] sf] ;efklt ua'{ hfsf] egfO lyof] .

sfo{ qmddf g] kfnL sfFu | ] ; Dof UbLsf k "j { ;efklt Pj \ ;+ljwfg;ef ;b: o / ] zdaxfb'/ aflgofF, k"j{ ;x;efklt g] qaxfb'/ dxt, ;lrj SofK6] g dLgaxfb'/ sfsL{ , g] kfnL sfFu|] ; k|b] z ;ef If ] q -v_ sf ;efklt sdn 5GTofn nufotn] af] n] sf lyP .

o;} u/ L g] kfn / fli6«o du/ ;+3, DofUbLsf cWoIf lx/ faxfb'/ k'g du/ n] gofF sfo{ ;ldltnfO{ awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf JoSt u/ ] . pgn] a] gL gu/ kflnsf ;lxt ;a} : yfgLo txdf ;+u7g lj: tf/ ul/ Psf] atfP .

/ f li6 «o du/ ; +3, lhNnf sfo{ ;ldlt ;b: o b] j / fgf du/ sf] ;+rfng tyf sf] ifWoIf nlntf k'gsf] : jfutdf sfo{ qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

/ fli6«o du/ ;+3 a] gLdf a'9fyf] sL

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

k f ] v / f j 8 f ! ! l : y t

dxfsfn] Zj/ 6f] n ljsf; ;+: yfsf] !$ cf} F ;fwf/ 0f ;ef tyf ;ftf} F clwj] zgn] rG›sfGt / ] UdLsf] cWoIfdf gofF sfo{ ;ldlt rog u/ ] sf] 5 .

;ldlt pkfWIodf lgd{ nfs'df/ L zdf { ; 'j ] bL, ;lrjdf x ] d/ fh rfln;] tyf sf] iffWoIfdf tf/ f cfrfo{ rog eP .

;b: odf hLjg nfld5fg ] , eQm z] / rg, s[ i0fk|;fb nfld5fg] , dgs'df/ L k'g / zf/ bf clwsf/ L 5g \ .k |d 'v cltly j8fWoIf df] xgk|;fb af: tf] nfn] 6f] n ljsf; ;+: yfn] NofPsf] of] hgfdf j8faf6 k"0f{ ;xof] u ug{ cfkm" tof/ / x] sf] atfP .

k|ult 6f] n ljsf; ;+: yfsL cWoIf zlzsnf kf] v|] nn] sfo{ qmd ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ul/ g\ .

;+: yfsf cWoIf ozaxfb'/ u'?ªsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{ qmd ;+rfng cljgfz cfrfo{ / : jfut dGtJo pkfWoIf ;'zLnf af: tf] nfn] JoQm u/ ] sf lyP .

dxfsfn] Zj/ df / ] UdL

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

nfu'cf} ifw sf/ f] af/ df ;+nUg

/ x] sf] cleof] udf k|x/ Ln] kj{ t df] bL ufpFkflnsf–!, e'stfª\n] lemNnLa¥ofªsf #) jifL { o d'Qmaxfb'/ cfn] du/ nfO{ kqmfp u/ ] sf] 5 .

k|x/ Ln] pgsf] 3/ vfgtnf;L

ubf{ sf] 7fleq af] / fdf n'sfO/ fv] sf] ! s] hL # ;o u|fd ufFhf, %) u|fd r/ ] z / !@ af] / sf] Psgfn] aGb's Ps yfg a/ fdb u/ ] sf] 5 .

kqmfp k/ ] sf cfn] du/ dfly nfu 'cf } i fw;DaGwL s; '/ / xftxltof/ v/ vhgf;DaGwL d'2f btf{ ul/ Psf] lhNnf k|x/ L sfof{ no kj{ tn] hgfPsf] 5 .

nfu'cf} ifw;lxt kqmfp

xflb{ s ;dj] bgf

o; ;+: yfsf sf] iffWoIf anaxfb'/ / fgfef6sL ddtfdoL dftf ltnLs'df/ L / fgfef6sf] *! jif{ sf] pd] / df ePsf] c;fdlos

lgwgn] xfdL cToGt} ddf{ xt ePsf 5f} + . o; b'Mvb\ 38Lsf] cfh !# cf} + lbgsf] k'0oltlydf lbju+t cfTdfsf] lr/ zflGtsf] sfdgf ub{ } zf] s;GtKt kl/ jf/ hgk|lt O{ Zj/ n] w} o{ wf/ 0f ug{ ] zlQm k|bfg

u?g\ egL xflb{ s ;dj] bgf JoQm ub{ 5f} + .

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kf] v/ f @*, cf?kf6fsf] n] vgfy cfwf/ e"t ljBfnosf] zlgaf/ ePsf] #( cf} + jflif { sf ] T;jdf lbjfnLn] %$ xhf/ df yk ! xhf/ u/ L %% xhf/ ?k} ofFsf] r] s ljBfno Joj: yfkg ;ldlt cWoIf k'ik/ fh lqkf7LnfO{ x: tfGt/ 0f u/ ] sf x'g\ .

cWoIf lbofnLn] lghL : s"n

hfg g;Sg] / blnt, hghflt ;d'bfosf afnaflnsfdfq ;/ sf/ L : s"ndf k9\g] jftfj/ 0f kl/ jt{ g ug{ of] hgfj4 k|of; yfNg cfu|x u/ ] . s'g} a] nf n] vgfy cfwf/ e"t : s"n of] If] qdf gd'gf / x] sf] : d/ 0f ub{ } pgn] j8ftkm{ af6 cfjZos ;xof] u ug{ tTk/ / x] sf] hgfP .

g;{ / Lb] lv sIff % ;Dd k9fO x'g] of ] : s"ndf dfq @$ hgf ljBfyL { 5g \ . oxL ljBfno cf;kf; If] qaf6 oxfF cWoog ug{ ] hlQs} ;+Vof ljBfyL{ ahf/ df lghL ljBfnodf k9\g hfg] u/ ] sf 5g\ . cWoIf lbofnLn] cleefjs, : yfgLo ;/ sf/ , lj1aLr 5nkmn u/ L u'0f: t/ Lo lzIffsf] Uof/ ] G6L ug{ ] jftfj/ 0f agfpg'kg{ ] df hf] 8 lbP .

pgn] kf] v/ f @* df ( ;/ sf/ L ljBfno / x] sf] pNn] v ub{ } ;a} : s"ndf cIfosf] if : yfkgf ug{ of] hgf agfPsf] hfgsf/ L lbP .

sfo{ qmddf kf] v/ f @* sf j8f ;b: o lji0f'k|;fb ltjf/ L, ljJo; ;b: o lzjk|;fb clwsf/ L, OGb|] 0fL cfwf/ e"t : s"nsf k|wfgfWofks ldqnfn ltldlN;gf, ljBfyL { c~hfg ljs, cleefjs a'l4;fu/ ltjf/ L, lzIfs Psgfy clwsf/ L nufotn] af] n] sf lyP .

o: t} , ljBfno k|wfgfWofks 6] saxfb'/ e'h] nn] ljBfnosf] k|ult ljj/ 0f k|: t't u/ ] sf lyP .

sfo{ qmddf cltl/ Qm lqmofsnfk / z} lIfs ;qdf pTs[ i6 ljBfyL{ nfO{ k'/ : s[ t ul/ of] .

lbofnLn] lbP ljBfyL{ nfO{ vfhf@ @)&^ c;f] h @ ut] laxLaf/ k|b] z@ @)&^ df3 !( ut] cfOtjf/ k|b] z

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

g] kfn / ] 8qm; ;f] ;fO6L / bfxfn

;] jf ;dfh sf: sL g] kfnsf] ;+o'Qm cfof] hgf kf ] v/ f @$, sf: sLsf] 6df zlgaf/ lgMz'Ns : jf: Yo lzlj/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

: yfgLo j;Gt k|fljdf ePsf] lzlj/ df $ ;o hgfeGbf a9L JolQmn] ;xeflutf hgfPsf] bfxfn ;] jf ;dfh sf: sLsf k|rf/ ljefu k|d'v Clif/ fd bfxfnn] hfgsf/ L lbP .

/ ] 8qm; ;f] ;fO6L sf: sLsf pk;efklt 808/ fh zdf{ sf] k|d'v cfltYodf ePsf] sfo{ qmddf

kf] v/ f @$ cWoIf cf] dk|;fb ; 'j ] b L , b fxfn ; ] j f ;dfh sf: sLsf cWoIf u0f] zk|;fb bfxfn, / ] 8qm; a} bfd pkzfvfsf ;efklt lu/ L/ fh clwsf/ L nufot af] n] sf lyP .

sfo{ qmddf 8f tf/ f sf] O/ fnfn] dw'd] x yfO/ fO8 Pj+ xdf] { g, 8f ;f} hg ;'j] bLn] 5fnf tyf of} g/ f] u, 8f 9fsfs 'df/ > ] i7 hg/ n k|flS6;, 8f dgf] h sf] O/ fnf k] 6, 5ftL tyf d'6'/ f] u, 8f af;' kf} 8] n hg/ n d] l8sn ;h{ g nufot ;] jf lbPsf lyP .

sfo { q md ; +rfng t 'n;L bfxfnn] u/ ] sf lyP .

sf: sLsf] 6df lzlj/

cfbz{ ;dfh ndh'ª

bf] bL { ufpFkflnsf–( l: yt

dfemufp Fdf gjHof ] lt / lgª lzN8 ;] e] g P ;fO8 km '6an k|ltof] lutfdf z'? ePsf] 5 .

k|b] z;efsf ;b: o wg~ho bj f8 Ln ] p b \ 3 f 6g u / ] s f ] k|ltof] lutfsf] klxnf] v] ndf g] t[ Tj o'jf Sna ;fNd] n] gjHof] lt o'jf Sna, sfnf] cl/ +ufnnfO{ $–) uf] n cGt/ n] lht] sf] 5 . bf] ;|f] v] ndf Pkm;L efrf] sn] OGb|] 0fL o'jf Sna afemfv] tnfO{ @–) uf] n cGt/ n] lht] sf] 5 .

o;} u/ L, k|ltof] lutfsf] t] ;|f] v ] n a/ fxkf ] v/ L o 'jf Sna k'/ fgf] b'jf/ n] lxn] 6S;f/ Sna lxn] nfO{ $–@ uf] n cGt/ n] x/ fPsf] cfof] hs gjHof] lt o'jf Sna dfemufpFsf cWoIf uhaxfb'/ u'?ªn] atfP . k|ltof] lutfdf @@ l6dsf] ;xeflutf 5 . ljh] tfn] ! nfv, gjHof] tL / lgª lzN8, 6«kmL, d] 8n / k|df0fkq kfpg] 5g\ . To: t} , bf] ;|f] x'g] nfO{ %) xhf/ , 6«kmL, d] 8n / k|df0fkq kfpg] 5g\ . ;] ldkmfOgln: 6 @ l6dn] !% ÷!% xhf/ , pTs[ i6 v] nf8L tyf ;jf{ lws uf] nstf{ n] # xhf/ , d] 8n / k|df0fkq kfpg] 5g\ .

gjHof] lt / lgª lzN8

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

g] kfn Sof] s'l;g sfg s/ fFt] ;+3

sf: sL zfvfsf] cfof] hgfdf k] 6L k/ LIff ul/ Psf] 5 .

n] vgfy 8f] hf] , kLPg 8f] hf] , afudf/ f 8f] hf] , / +uzfnf 8f] hf] sf # ;o eGbf a9L v] nf8Lx?n] k] 6L k/ LIff lbPsf x'g\ . ;] tf] , kx] +nf] , c/ ] Gh, xl/ of] , lgnf] , v} / f] / v} / f] sf] tx 36fg] v] nf8Ln] k] 6L k/ LIff lbPsf x'g\ .

u08sL k|b] z ;ef ;b: o k'ikf

s] ;L e08f/ Ln] sfo{ qmdsf] pb\3f6g ub} { v] nf8Ln] b] zsf] gfd sdfPsf] atfOg\ . pgn] blIf0f Pl;ofnL v] ns'b ;fudf Psn ljBfsf v] nf8Ln] a9L kbs lhTg ;kmn ePsf] pNn] v ul/ g\ .

pgn] / fHosf] tkm{ af6 v] n If] qdf sd dnhn ePsf] wf/ 0ff / flvg\ . pgn] ljBnfodf v] nnfO{ cltl/ Qm lqmofsnfk ljifodf geO { d "nwf/ s } laifo agfP/ k9fpg'kg] { df hf] 8 lbOg\ . pgn] s/ fFt] sf v] nf8Ln] v] n dfq gv] nL cK7/ f] k/ ] sf] ;odf hLjgsf] / Iff

ug{ ;Sg] atfOg\ . g] kfn Sof] s'l;g sfg s/ fFt]

u08sL k|b] z k|d'v lbksaxfb'/ uf] bf/ n] s/ fFt] sf] ljBfdf sf: sL lhNnfn] klxn] b] lv g} pTs[ i7 glthf xfl;n u/ ] sf] / Tof] Oltxf; clxn] ;Dd klg gd] l6Psf] atfP .

k"j{ / fli6«o v] nf8L nId0f s'Fj/ , / fli6«o tyf cGt/ f{ li6«o / ] k|mL lgd{ n kxf/ L, lhNnf k|lzIfs ;'af; v8\sf, lgd{ naxfb'/ s] ;L, ;'dg k|t] n, ;'idL >] i7, ljgf] b g] uL, ch{ 'g a/ fd, wL/ h kl/ of/ nufot k] 6L k/ LIffdf lg0ff{ os e"ldsfdf lyP .

s/ fFt] sf] k] 6L k/ LIff

sf7df8f} F -/ f;;_ . g] kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g] skf_ sf] hf/ L s] Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] a} 7sn] kf6L{ / ;/ sf/ nfO{ ;'zf;g sfod / fv] / ;dfhjfb hfg ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 .

/ fli6«o;efu[ xdf hf/ L a} 7sdf cWoIfåo s] kL zdf{ cf] nL / k'iksdn bfxfnsf] / fhgLlts k|ltj] bg, dxf;lrj lji0f'k|;fb kf} 8] nsf] ;fª\u7lgs k|ltj] bg, ljwfg ;+zf] wg k|: tfjdfly !% j6f ;d"xn] cfcfkm\gf] k|ltj] bg k] z ub} { { d'n'sdf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{ kf6L{ g] t[ Tj / ;/ sf/ nfO{ ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 .

tL ;d"xn] ;dfhsf] rl/ q, JofVof ljZn] if0f u/ L g] kfnL gd"gfsf] ;dfhjfb lgdf{ 0f ug'{ kg] { d'Vo ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\ . ;d"xsf % sf g] tf 7fs'/ u} / ] g] kfnL ljz] iftfdf cfwfl/ t ;dfhjfb Nofpg / ;dfhjfbsf cfwf/ tof/ ug{ ;'emfj lbP . ;d"x !% sf g] tf lxdfn zdf{ n] ;dfhjfbtkm{ n} hfg lzIff / : jf: Yoaf6 z'?cft ug'{ kg] { atfP. pgn] cfkm\gf] k|ltj] ] bgdf lzIff / : jf: YonfO{ Jofkf/ sf] ljifoj: t' agfpg gx'g] ;'emfj lbPsf] hfgsf/ L lbP .

ækf6L{ sf g] tfn] lzIff / : jf: Yodf nufgL u/ ] sf 5g\ . Tof] nufgL Ps jif{ leq lkmtf{ cfpg'kb{ 5Æ, pgn] eg] , æoxL cfpg'x'Gg eg] pxfF s] Gb|Lo ;b: oaf6 x6\g'k¥of] . ls t lzIff / : jf: Yodf Jofkf/ ug'{ ePg . kf6L{ sf g] tf / pRrkb: y sd{ rf/ Lsf 5f] / f5f] / L ;/ sf/ L : s'ndf k9\g'kg] { Joj: yf ldnfpg'k5{ . Æ

;d"x % sf g] tf u} / ] n] e|i6frf/ 7"nf] ;d: of ag] sfn] e|i6frf/ LnfO{ xb} ;Ddsf] sf/ jfxL ug'{ kg] { Joj: yf / fv] / lgoGq0f ug'{ kg] { ;'emfj lbP . æ3'; lnFbflnFb} hgk|ltlglw kqmfp kg'{ , gLltut e|i6frf/ , 7] Ssfk§f h: tf u} / / fhgLlts lqmofsnfkdf kf6L{ sf g] tf sfo{ stf{ sf] gfd hf] l8g] s'/ fn] …;/ sf/ sf] e|i6frf/

ulb{ g / ug{ klg lbGgÚ eGg] gf/ fnfO{ sdhf] / agfPsf] 5Æ, pgn] eg] , æe|i6frf/ h3Go ck/ fw xf] , o: tf] sfd ug] { nfO{ d[ To'b08 lbg'kb{ 5 eGg] dt;d] t k|s6 ePsf] 5 .Æ

g] tf u} / ] n] g] skfsf g] tf sfo{ stf{ sf] hLjgz} nL, rfnrng, cfrf/ ljrf/ , ;/ ;DaGw k"0f{ ¿kdf ;/ n / hgkIfLo x'g] s'/ f ;'lglZrt ul/ g'kg] { cfkm\gf] k|ltj] bgdf ;d] 6s] sf 5g\ .

;d"x # sf g] tf lvdnfn e§/ fO{ n] d'n'sdf e|i6frf/ d'Qm cleofg ;~rfng ug'{ kg] { ;'emfj lbP . pgn] d'n'sdf ;'zf;g sfod / fVg e|i6frf/ lj/ f] wL cleofg kf6L{ / ;/ sf/ n] ;+rfng ug'{ kg] { atfP . pgn] eg] , æl;ª\uf] kf6L{ g} kl/ rfng u/ ] / d'n'snfO{ ;'zf;g / e|i6frf/ d'Qm agfpg cleofgdf ;~rfng ug'{ kb{ 5 .Æ

o;aLr, g] tf e§/ fO{ n] ] kf6L{ g] t[ Tj Pstfa4 eP/ ;/ sf/ n] u/ ] sf pknlAwsf] k|rf/ ug{ nfUg'kg] { ;'emfj lbP . ;d"x !% sf g] tf zdf{ n] kf6L{ n] g} ;/ sf/ rnfpg] s'g} klg dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{ o lnFbf kf6L{ klQm;Fu ;Nnfx u/ ] / dfq ug'{ kg] { eGb} kf6L{ sf] ;xdltdf / fhgLlts lgo'lQmb] lv ljw] os Nofpg'kg] { atfP .

z'qmaf/ af6 z'? ePsf] cWoIfåo cf] nL / bfxfnsf] / fhgLlts k|ltj] bg, dxf;lrj kf} 8] nsf] ;fª\u7lgs k|ltj] bg, ljwfg ;+zf] wg k|: tfjdfly !% j6f ;d"xn] cfcfkm\gf] ;d"xut k|ltj] bg k] z ug] { sfo{ zlgaf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

;d"xsf g] tfn] k|ltj] bgdfly l6Kk0fL / ;'emfj lbFb} ;d"xsf] tkm{ af6 k|ltj] bg k] z u/ ] sf x'g\ . ;d"xut k|ltj] bgdfly cfOtaf/ kf6L{ sf zLif{ g] tfn] hjfkm lbOg] g] skfsf k|rf/ ljefu pkk|d'v ;"o{ yfkfn] hfgsf/ L lbP . a} 7s cfOtaf/ ;lsg] sfo{ tflnsf / x] sf] 5 .

;dfhjfbdf hfg ;'emfj

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

;Kt/ ª\uL ;f+: s[ lts k|lti7fg,

g] kfnsf] zlgaf/ ;DkGg kfFrf} + clwj] zgn] gofF sfo{ ;ldlt rog u/ ] sf] 5 .

k | l t i 7 f g c W o I f t f d f kb\d/ fh 9sfn, jl/ i7 pkfWoIf lvdaxfb'/ u '?ª, pkfWoIfdf h"gf If] qL, dxf;lrjdf dgs'df/ >] i7, ;lrjdf kz'klt u'Ktf, sf ] i f fWoIfdf nIdL lu/ L / ;x–;lrjdf ;'s' lx/ frg rog eP . ;b: odf lkª\unf e§, s[ i0f e08f/ L, ;'dg >flkt, ;fg' hf] lhh", uf] / ] u'?ª, hz' u'?ª, zf/ bf e§/ fO{ , t'n;L zdf{ / / fdhL kf} 8] n / x] sf 5g\ .

pQm clwj] zgsf] pb\3f6g ub} { k|lti7fg ;Nnfxsf/ Pjd\ s: s ] nL clws[ t ;dfhsf cWoIf cWoIf b'uf{ axfb'/ zfx …afafÚ n] k|lti7fgnfO{ p2] Zocg'?k cufl8 a9fpg gofF ;ldlt ;kmn x'g] 5 eGg] ljZjf; JoQm u/ ] .

k|lti7fgsf ;Nnfxsf/ Pjd\

: jtGq kqsf/ ;+3 g] kfnsf ;+: yfks cWoIf s[ i0fk |;fb a f : t f ] n f n ] k | l t i 7 f g n ] snfsf/ nfO{ k|f] T;fxg ub} { cfPsf] atfP .

; + : s [ l tsdL { / fdax fb ' / sf] O/ fnfn] lhDd] jf/ Lk"j{ s sfd u/ ] df ;+: yf cufl8 a9\g] atfP .

k"j{ cWoIf gj/ fh a/ fnn] snfsf/ pkrf/ sf] if / Psn ;fFem sfo{ qmd k|lti7fgsf] klxrfg ePsf] atfP .

gjlgjf{ lrt cWoIf 9sfnn] cfkm\gL cfdfsf] gfddf k|lti7fgdf Ps nfv ?k} ofFsf] cIfo sf] if / fVg] 3f] if0ff ub} { ;+: yfnfO{ ;a} sf] ;xof] u / xg] ljZjf; JoQm u/ ] .

k |lti7fg cWoIf kb\d/ fh 9sfnsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] pQ m s fo { q m dd f pk f WoI f cledGo"ljqmd / f0ffn] : jfut dGtJo / fv] sf lyP .

o;} u/ L dxf;lrj dgs'df/ > ] i7n] k |ult k | ltj ] bg tyf sf] iffWoIf lvdaxfb'/ u'?ªn] cfly{ s k|ltj] bg k|: t't u/ ] sf lyP .

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City Education FoundationKtm. | Ph. 9841206019

Highlight Open CollegePokhara-8, Srijanachowk | 9856039551

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rfkfsf] 6–kf] v/ f art tyf C0f ;xsf/ L ;+: yf ln=kf] v/ f–^, l8xLsf] kf6g,

kmf] gM )^!$^*)*^, (*%^)^$^*%

bf] >f] k6s k|sflzt ldltM @)&^÷!)÷!(o; rfkfsf] 6–kf] v/ f art tyf C0f ;xsf/ L ;+: yf ln=sf] nflu tkl;n adf] lhdsf] of] Uotf k'u] sf sd{ rf/ Lsf] cfjZostf k/ ] sf] x'Fbf of] Uo OR5's g] kfnL gful/ sn] cfˆgf] AolQmut ljj/ 0f, gful/ stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk, z} lIfs k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk, cg'ej k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk / @ k|lt kmf] 6f] ;lxt @)&^ df3 @^ ut] ;Dddf sfof{ no ;dodf x: tlnlvt lgj] bg ;lxt b/ vf: tsf] nflu cfXjfg ul/ G5 . tkl;nkbM k|aGws–! of] UotfM jfl0fHo zf: qdf : gfts tx pQL0f{ jf ;f] ;/ x, sDKo"6/ df bIf, ljQLo

If] qdf sfd u/ ] sf] jf ;DalGwt If] qsf] sfdaf6 cjsfzk|fKt JolQmnfO{ ljz] if u|fXotf,

kbM 6] n/ M ! hgf +@ pQL0f{ / ljQLo If] qdf sfd u/ ] sf] cg'ejkbM ahf/ k|ltlglwM +@ pQL0f{ ;] jf ;'ljwf M ;+: yfsf] lgodfg';f/ 5gf} 6 k|lqmof M cGtjf{ tf{ / k|of] ufTds .gf] 6 M b/ vf: t lbg] pDd] bjf/ nfO{ cGtjf{ tf{ / k|of] ufTdssf nflu ;+: yfåf/ f ;Dks{ ul/ g] 5 .

sd{ rf/ L cfjZostfo; >L / fd] Zj/ s[ lif ;xsf/ L ;+: yf lnld6] 8 kf] v/ f–!&, / fd] Zj/ dfu{ sf] nflu tkl;n adf] hLdsf] kbdf sd{ rf/ L kbk"lt{ ug'{ kg] { ePsf] n] of] Uo g] kfnL gful/ sx?af6 x: tlnlvt lgj] bg, z} lIfs of] Uotfsf k|df0fkqsf k|ltlnlk;lxt tk;Lnsf] 7] ufgfdf b/ vf: t cfXjfg ul/ G5 . kbM ;xfos Joj: yfks– ! hgfz} lIfs of] UotfM ¸@ pQL0f{ jf ;f] ;/ x kfl/ >ldsM ;+: yfsf] lgod cg';f/ k/ LIffsf] lsl;dM cGt/ jftf{ , k|of] ufTds b'O{ kf+u|] rfns cg'dlt kq tyf cfkm\g} ;fwg ePsf] / sDKo'6/ df bIf, ;xsf/ L ;DaGwL 1fg ePsf] , cg'ejL ;fy} k'?ifnfO{ ljif] z k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 .cfj] bg lbg] clGtd ldltM @)&^÷!)÷@# ut] sfof{ no ;doleq / Ltk"j{ s

>L / fd] Zj/ s[ lif ;xsf/ L ;+: yf lnld6] 8kf] v/ f–!&, / fd] Zj/ dfu{

;Dks{ M– )^!–$^^($$, (*%^)^^($$, (*%^)#@%@*

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

elQm ;+uLt k|lti7fg, g] kfnn]

5} 6f} + jflif{ sf] T;j cj;/ df ;|i6f / ;+: yfnfO{ ;Ddfg u/ ] sf] 5 .

ehgufos 8Da/ nfn dfsfh", kz'klts'df/ u'Ktf / ;xof] uL ;+: yf >Ls[ i0f k|0ffdL dlGb/ / Tgrf] s kf] v/ f ;Ddflgt ePsf x'g\ .

sfo { q mdsf k |d 'v cltly k|ltlglw;ef ;b: o ;"o{ axfb'/

s] ;L, kf ] v/ f–% sf j8fWoIf wgaxfb '/ g ] kfnL / k | lti7fg cWoIf gj/ fh a/ fnn] pgLx?nfO{ ;Ddfgkq, bf] ;Nnf / km"ndfnfn] ;Ddfg u/ ] sf lyP .

To; cj;/ df of ] u ;fws / jLGb| dfsfh"n] ;|i6f kl/ ro k|: t't u/ ] sf lyP .

k | lt i7fg cWoIf gj/ fh a/ fnsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] pQm sfo{ qmddf ljZj lxGb" dxf;+3sf

s] Gb |Lo pkfWoIf z+s/ v/ fn, afng tyf snf k|lti7fgsf cWoIf vu/ fh zdf{ , Ho] i7 gful/ s lbjf ;] jf sfo{ qmdsf cWoIf ljZjgfy k/ fh 'nLn] z 'esfdgf dGtJo / fv] sf lyP .

k | lt i7fg dxf;lrj tyf sfo{ qmd ;+of] hs lkª\unf e§sf] : jfut dGtJo / x] sf] ;f] sfo{ qmdsf] ;~rfng ;lrj zf/ bf lu/ Ln] u/ ] sL lyOg\ .

elQm ;+uLt k|lti7fgsf] ;Ddfg

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

d'dtfh dlN6 ldl8of k|flnsf]

cfof] hgfdf zlgaf/ l;hf] ;ª\u|x nf] sfk{ 0f tyf ;Kt/ ËL ;|i6f ;Ddfg sfo{ qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

; f l x T o s f l j l e G g ljwfdf snd rnfpFb } cfPsf cnf} lssslj b] zeQml;+x s'Fj/ sf] kl5Nnf] s[ lt l;hf] ;ª\u|x …;fdgfÚ / …tdGgfÚ nf] sfk{ 0f ePsf] xf] .

k|d'v cltly jl/ i7 uflosf afaf / f0ffn] ;f] s[ ltsf] nf] sfk{ 0f ul/ g\ . ;fdgf bf] ;|f] ;+: s/ 0f xf] . @)&$ d+l;/ !^ otf pgn] nuftf/ s[ lt k|sflzt ub} { cfPsf 5g\ . …tdGgfÚ ;Dd cfOk'Ubf cf7 s[ lt k|sflzt e} ;s] sf 5g\ . pgn] uhn;ª\u|x …ne : 6] zgÚ, d'Qms;ª\u|x …;] tf] ;+;f/ Ú, xfOs';ª\u|x …cd[ tk|] dÚ, rf] sf;ª\u|x …/ fhdxnÚ, ;] bf] sf;ª\u|x …g] kfnL dfofÚ, tfª\sf;ª\u|x …Ps gDa/ Ú / l;hf] ;ª\u|x …;fdgfÚ kf7sdfem NofO;s] sf 5g\ . ;f] cj;/ df ;+: yfn] ;Kt/ ËL ; | i6f ;DdfgcGtu { t & hgf

;|i6fnfO{ pkflw;lxt cjf8{ k|bfg u¥of] .

;Ddflgt x'g] df a|Xdfs'df/ L kl/ l0ftf -pTs[ i6 cfWoflTds JolQmTj cjf8{ _, : j/ ;'Gb/ L b] ljsf aGbgf -;"k/ e;{ 6fOn cjf8{ _, ljZj d} qL efiffsf ;+rfns od hf] zL -pTs[ i6 ;dfh;] jL Pj+ lzIff;] jL cjf8{ _, nf] s] Gb|s'df/ / fO { -;dfh;] jL Pj+ Joj;foL cjf8{ _, uflosf : j?kf / ;fOnL -e;{ 6fOn uflosf cjf8{ _, lji0f' sfsL{ -pTs[ i6 uLtsf/ cjf8{ _ / dL/ f sfsL{ -pTs[ i6 uflosf cjf8{ _ 5g\ .

pgLx?nfO{ k|d'v cltly afaf / f0ff, ;+: yfsf ;+/ Ifs ;flxTosf/ Pj+ lzIff;] jL If] qaxfb'/ s'Fj/ , snfk|] dL / fdb] jL s'Fj/ , ;+: yfsf cWoIf b] zeQml;+x s'Fj/ n] bf] ;Nnf cf] 9fpFb} cjf8{ x: tfGt/ 0f u/ ] sf lyP . ;Ddflgt ;|i6fn] ;Ddfgaf6 cem} cfkm\gf] If] qdf yk phf{ yk] sf] eGb} ;+: yfk|lt cfef/ k|s6 u/ ] .

o: t} , ;+: yfsf ;+/ Ifs If] qaxfb'/ s' Fj/ n] ;dfhdf 7"nf] of] ubfg lbP/ klg n's] / a;] sf JolQmnfO{

;+: yfn] ;Ddfg ub} { cfPsf] atfP . pgn] ;Dkbf snf dlGb/ n] klg xfn;Dd sl/ a *% ;|i6fnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/ ;s] sf] hfgsf/ L ;d] t lbP .

;+: yfsf cWoIf b] zeQml;+x s'Fj/ n] b] zsf] snf;+: s[ lt / Iff ub} { cfkm"x?n] ;|i6fsf] of] ubfg lr/ : yfoL agfpg lg/ Gt/ sfo{ qmd u/ ] sf] ] atfP .

sfo{ qmddf uflosf afaf / f0ff, b] ljsf aGbgfnufotn] uLt ufP/ dgf] / ~hg k|bfg u/ ] sf lyP .

d] 3f Pkmdsf] ;xof] udf ePsf] sfo{ qmddf ;xof] uLnfO{ k|z+;fkq k|bfg ul/ of] .

sfo { qmddf : jfut dGtJo ;+rf/ sdL{ clDasf / f0ffn] JoQm u/ ] sL lyOg\ . pgn] ;|i6f s'Fj/ sf] kl/ ro lbFb } pgL ax'cfoflds JolQmTj ePsf] / PNad;lxt # bh{ g s[ lt ;fj{ hlgs e} ;s] sf] hfgsf/ L lbOg \ . sfo{ qmdsf ] ; +r fng sfo { q md ; +o f ] hs ;+rf/ sdL{ lt;{ gfnIdL s' Fj/ n] u/ ] sL lyOg\ .

kf] v/ f jfª\do k|lti7fgn] l;hf] ;ª\u|x k|sfzg u/ ] sf] xf] .

l;hf] nf] sfk{ 0f ;Kt/ ËL ;|i6f ;Ddfg

sf7df8f} F -/ f;;_ . ;/ sf/ n] rLgdf km] nf k/ ] sf] gf] e] n sf] / f] gf efO/ ; k|sf] ksf] g] kfndf s'g} lsl;dsf] hf] lvd g/ x] sf] : ki6 kf/ ] sf] 5 . ;+: s[ lt, ko{ 6g tyf gful/ s p8\8ogdGqL of] u] zs'df/ e§/ fO{ n] sf] / f] gf efO/ ; k|sf] ksf] g] kfndf pRr hf] lvd g/ x] sf] t/ pRr ;ts{ tf ckgfpg ;/ sf/ n] ;a} ;+oGqsf] k|efjsf/ L kl/ rfng u/ ] sf] atfP .

sf] / f] gf efO;/ sf] ;Defljt k|sf] ksf] hf] lvd lgoGq0fsf nflu s] –s: tf pkfo ckgfpg] eGg] ;Gbe{ df zlgaf/ ;/ f ] sf/ jfnf lgsfo;Fusf] 5nkmnsf qmddf pgn] g] kfnsf] ko{ 6g If] q ;'/ lIft / x] sf] / sf] / f] gf efO/ ;sf] hf] lvd Go"gLs/ 0fsf nflu ;/ sf/ ;+j] bgzLn / x] sf] atfP . hf] lvd lgoGq0fsf nflu lqe'jg cGt/ / fli6«o ljdfg: yn tyf rLg;Fusf ;Ldfgfsfdf : jf: YosIf ;~rfng ul/ Psf] pgn] hfgsf/ L lbP .

pgn] eg] ] , æg] kfn clxn] sf] / f] gf efO/ ;sf] pRr hf] lvd If] q xf] Og, t/ klg rLg;Fu ;Dks{ hf] l8Psf] x'gfn] ;ts{ tfrflxF ckgfpg} k5{ , To;} n] pRr hf] lvddf 5} g t/ pRr ;ts{ tf ckgfPsf 5f} F, cGt/ dGqfnosf] ;dGjodf ;a} ;+oGqnfO{ k|efjsf/ L¿kdf kl/ rfng ul/ Psf] 5 .Æ sf] / f] gf efO;/ sf] xNnf rn] kl5 ;/ sf/ n] Ps ;ftfb] lv o;n] kfg{ ;Sg] c;/ sf ;DaGwdf ;/ f] sf/ jfnf;Fu 5nkmn ul/ / x] sf] 5 . df3 !@ df k|wfgdGqLsf] pkl: yltdf u[ xdGqL, k/ / fi6«dGqL, : jf: Yo tyf hg;ª\VofdGqL, ;+: s[ lt, ko{ 6g tyf gful/ s p8\8ogdGqL / tt\;DalGwt dGqfnosf ;lrj,

ljefu / dxfzfvfsf k|d'vsf] a} 7sn] rLgdf km} lnPsf] gf] e] n sf] / f] gf efO/ ; / ;f] n] g] kfndf kfg{ ;Sg] c;/ sf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/ ] sf] lyof] .

c lxn ] : j f : Yod Gq Ls f ] cWoI ft fd f cGt/ dGqfnosf k|ltlglw / xg] pRr: t/ Lo ;ldlt / : jf: Yo ;lrjsf] cWoIfdf pk;ldlt u7g ul/ Psf] dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . ko{ 6g;Fu k|ToIf ;DaGw / fVg] lhDd] jf/ ko{ 6gdGqL e§/ fO{ n] klg cfkm\gf] ;lqmotf a9fpg'ePsf] 5 . ko{ 6g If] qdf sf] / f] gf efO/ ;sf] gsf/ fTds k|efj gk/ f] ;\ / ;xL ;"rgf ;Dk|] if0f xf] ;\ eGg] ;/ sf/ Pj+ ;/ f] sf/ jfnf Joj;foLsf] wf/ 0ff 5 .

kl5Nnf lbgdf ;~rf/ dfWoddf sf ] / f ] gf efO/ ;af/ ] g] kfnsf ;Gbe{ df cfO/ x] sf ljleGg ;dfu|Ln] Joj;fodf Ps k|sf/ sf qf; pTkGg u/ fPsf] eGb} ;DalGwt ljifodf ;+j] bgzLn eP/ ;Gb] z k|sfzg k|;f/ 0f ug{ klg ko{ 6gdGqLn] cfd ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ cg'/ f] w u/ ] .

pgn] g] kfndf a] nfavt o: tf hf] lvd / ;+s6 lglDtg] u/ ] sf] / lj;+ @)&@ sf] uf] / vf e"sDksf a] nf klg ;~rf/ ;+j] bgzLntfk|lt g] kfnL ;~rf/ dfWodn] lgjf{ x u/ ] sf] e"ldsfsf] ;/ fxgf ub} { clxn] sf] kl/ l: yltdf klg ;f] xL lsl;dsf] e"ldsf lgjf{ x ug{ cfu|x klg u/ ] . rLgdf km} lnFb} uPsf] sf] / f] gf efO/ ;sf] k|ToIf k|efj g] kfnsf] ko{ 6g If] qdf kg{ hfG5 . g] kfnsf] k|d'v ko{ 6sLo ;|f] t ahf/ rLgaf6 jflif{ s em08} 8] 9b] lv @ nfv ko{ 6s cfpg] u/ ] sf 5g\ .

…g] kfndf sf] / f] gf efO/ ;sf] k|sf] k 5} gÚ

jif{ @$ c+s @&( @)&^ df3 !( ut] cfOtjf/ g] kfn ;+jt\ !!$) k[ i7 * d"No ¿= !)÷– 2 February, 2020

k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ ifb\kf] v/ f k|fljlws lzIffno

km"njf/ L, kf] v/ f, sf: sLkmf] g g+= )^!–%@*)$), )^!–%@@)$)

lgMz'Ns tflnddf kmf/ fd eg] { ;"rgfk|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tfnLd kl/ ifb\ (CTEVT) sf] cf+lus lzIffno o; kf] v/ f k|fljlws lzIffno, km"njf/ L kf] v/ fdf j} b] lzs / f] huf/ jf] 8{ sf] ;lrjfnosf] cfly{ s ;xof] udf ldlt @)&^.!!.! ut] b] lv ! dlxg] lgMz'Ns tkl;n cg';f/ sf tfnLdx? ;+rfng ug{ nfluPsfn] tfnLd lng O{ R5's g] kfnL gful/ sx?n] ! k|lt kf;kf] 6{ ;fO{ hsf] kmf] 6f] / g] kfnL gful/ stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk;lxt cfj] bg kmf/ fd eg{ sf] nflu ;"lrt ul/ G5 .

s= cfj] bg kmf/ fd a'emfpg] : yfgM kf] v/ f k|fljlws lzIffno, km"njf/ L, kf] v/ f .v= cfj] bg kmf/ fd a'emfpg] clGtd ldlt M @)&^ df3 @^ ut] ;Dd . u= cGt/ jftf{ x'g] ldlt / ;do M @)&^ df3 @&, ut] ;f] djf/ lbp+;f] !!=)) ah] . lj: t[ t hfgsf/ Lsf nflu o; lzIffnosf] j] a;fO6 www.ptspokhara.edu.np jf o; lzIffnodf ;Dks{ ug'{ x'g cg'/ f] w 5 . lzIffno k|d'v

s|=;+ tflndsf] gfd cjlw ;+Vof cfjZos z} lIfs of] Uotf

! lsrg ;xof] uL -s's_ ! dlxg] -!^) 306f_ $) cf7 sIff pQL0f{

@ xfp; lslkª P6] G8] G6 ! dlxg] -!^) 306f_ @) cf7 sIff pQL0f{

# j] 6/ ! dlxg] -!^) 306f_ @) cf7 sIff pQL0f{

cfbz{ ;dfhkf] v/ f

zxLb xl/ k|;fb u'?ª : d[ lt

k|lti7fgåf/ f k|hftGq ;] gfgL xl/ k|;fb u'?ªsf] : d[ lt lbj; zlgaf/ kf] v/ fdf dgfOPsf] 5 .

;f] cj;/ df xl/ rf] sl: yt zxLb xl/ k|;fb u'?ªsf] ;flnsdf dfNofk{ 0f ul/ g'sf ;fy} pgsf] of] ubfgsf] rrf{ ul/ Psf] lyof] .

sfo{ qmddf g] kfnL sfFu| ] ; k"j{ dxfdGqL tf/ fgfy / fgfef6, sf: sLg] t[ zf/ bf kf} 8] n, If] q # ;efklt kf] ifgfy zdf{ , sfo{ stf{ , k|lti7fg cWoIf ?b|k|;fb u'?ª, kl/ jf/ hg / z'e] R5's nufotn] pgsf] ;flnsdf dfNofk{ 0f Pj+ / fli6«o em08f cf] 9fPsf lyP .

k|d 'v cltly sfFu | ] ; k"j { dxfdGqL / fgfef6n] g] kfnsf] nf] stflGqs cfGbf] ngsf nflu u'?ªn] ;xfbtk|fKt u/ ] sf] rrf{ u/ ] . pgn] / fhgLlts / Goflos : jtGqtf n8fOFdf zxLb u'?ªn] ;xfbtk|fKt u/ ] sf] k|i6 kf/ ] . pgsf] of] ] ubfgsf] sb/ ;/ sf/ n] ug{ 'kg] { df hf] 8 lbP .

;f] cj;/ df / fgfef6n] g] skf ;/ sf/ n ] hgtfsf ] clwsf/

s'' lNrPsf] ;d] t cf/ f] k nufP . sfg"g ldr] / PsbnLo zf;g nfb\g] dfu{ df jt{ dfg ;/ sf/ pGd'v / x] sf] pgsf] cf/ f] k lyof] . b] zdf b08lxgtf a9] sf] bfaL ub} { pgn] eg] , ‘;/ sf/ u'08f / xTof/ fåf/ f kl/ rflnt 5 . e|i6frf/ L / anfTsf/ L v'n] cfd lxFl8/ x] sf 5g\ .’

sf Fu | ] ; I f ] q Lo ;efklt kf] ifgfy zdf{ n] d'n'ssf] ;d[ l4 / : jtGqtfsf nflu zxLbn] / ut aufPsf] pNn] v u/ ] . pgn] d'n'ssf] : jtGqtf / ;d[ l4sf nflu g] kfnL hgtf Ps x'g'kg] { cf} +NofP .

sfFu| ] ;g] t[ zf/ bf kf} 8] nn] zxLbn] b] z / hgtfsf nflu k'¥ofPsf] Tofu, ;dk{ 0f / s'jf{ gL / fHon] e'Ng gx'g] atfOg\ . pgn] zxLb xl/ k|;fb u'?ªn] b] vfPsf] dfu{ df lx8\g l;+uf] sf: sL sfFu|] ; k+lQm / kl/ jf/ hgnfO{ cfu|x ul/ g\ .

sfFu|] ; kf] v/ f–! sf ;efklt 6+sgfy kf} 8] nn] zxLbn] b] z / k|hftGqsf nflu k'¥ofPsf] of] ubfg ;Demg s~h': ofOF ug{ gx'g] df hf] 8 lbP .

k|lti7fg cWoIf ?b|k |;fb

u '?ªsf ] cWoIftfdf ePsf ] sfo{ qmddf ;lrj 6Lsfaxfb'/ u'?ªn] : jfut dGtJo JoQm ub} { sfo{ qmddfly k|sfz kf/ ] sf lyP . sfFu|] ; sf: sLsf lhNnf ;b: o cf;axfb '/ u '?ªn] sfo{ qmd ;+rfng u/ ] sf lyP .

k~rfotL zf;glj?åsf ] cfGbf] ngdf @)!* df3 !* df e/ tk'/ df zxLb xl/ k|;fb u'?ªn] ;xfbt k|fKt u/ ] sf x'g\ . / fhf dx] Gb|n] @)!& ;fndf ‘s"’ ub} { g] kfnL sfFu| ] ;sf] k|hftflGqs ;/ sf/ nfO{ ckb: y u/ L lgb{ nLo k~rfotL Joj: yf nfb ] kl5 lj/ f ] wdf e/ tk ' / d f ;z: q cfGbf] ng rls{ bf u'?ªnfO{ lhpFb} uf8] / xTof ul/ Psf] lyof] .

sfFu|] ;sf k|d'v g] tfdWo] sf] xL h] n k/ ] eg] sf] xL ef/ t lgjf{ l;t lyP . g] tfsf] l/ xfO / / fhfsf] ‘s"’ sf] lj?4 e/ tk'/ df ljzfn k|bz{ g ePsf] lyof] . sf7df8f+} af6 ;d] t ;] gf k'u] / cTolws bdg ePsf] lyof] . cfGbf] ngsf] cu|df] rf{ df plePsf sdf08/ xl/ k|;fb u'?ªn] To;} a] nf d[ To'j/ 0f u/ ] sf lyP . pgnfO{ z] / axfb'/ b] pjf g] t[ Tjsf] ;/ sf/ n] zxLb 3f] if0ff u/ ] sf] lyof] .

zxLb xl/ k|;fb u'?ªsf] : d[ lt ;ef

‘u'?ª Goflos : jtGqtf zxLb’

k|sfz 9sfn kf] v/ f

‘sfof{ no / c? ;/ sf/ L sfddf klg 7f] ; lhDd] jf/ L 5} g. j8fsf] a} 7sdf x: tfIf/ ug] { sfddfq} eof] . lhDd] jf/ L lbP s] sfddf xfdL sdhf] / 5f} + < k'?if k|ltlglwn] h: t} xfdLn] klg sfd ug{ ;Ifd 5f} +.’

of] egfO xf] – kf] ] v/ f dxfgu/ kflnsf j8f % ls j8f ;b: o c~h' s] ;Lsf] . pgLh: tf j8f ;b: o kf] v/ f dxfgu/ kflnsfdf ^& hgf 5g\ . s'n ## j8f / x] sf] dxfgu/ df ! hgfdfq} dlxnf j8fWoIf / v'nftkm{ af6 ;b: odf lgjf{ lrt Pshgf dlxnf 5g\ . c? ;a} ;+j} wflgs sf] 6fsf ;b: ox? dfq} 5g\ . …cWoIfx?n] Ph] 08f NofpF5g\ . To;nfO{ : jLsf/ u/ ] / xfdL ;dy{ g u5f} { + . ljleGg zLif{ sdf ah] 6 cfpF5 t/ Ps ?k} ofF klg afF8\g] x} l;ot xfdL;Fu 5} g, Ú s] ;Ln] elgg\, …dtbftfn] xfdLnfO{ lhtfPsf] s'g} cfefif kfpg ;s] sf 5} gg\ . d] / f] j8fdf dfq} xf] Og, dxfgu/ el/ o: tf] ;d: of 5 .Ú

kf] v/ f !! ls ;b: o tLy{ u'?ª ljBfyL{ / fhgLltaf6 hgk|ltlglw aGg k'lug\ . …d;Fu w] / } 1fg 5 . Tof] 1fg k|of] u ug{ kfPsf] 5} g . gu/ ;efd} dlxnfsf ah] 6 dlxnf k|ltlglwsf] l;kmfl/ ;df of] hgf 5gf} 6 x'g'kg] { ljifo p7fPsf] lyPF, Ú pgL elG5g\, …ah] 6 5'6\ofpFbf cWoIfs} xflnd'xfnL x'G5 . ;b: osf] e"ldsf vf;} 5} g . cWoIfn] dfq} xflnd'xfnL ug] { xf] eg] csf] { r'gfjdf ;b: o r'Gg] k/ Dk/ f g} cGTo ul/ lbP x'G5 .Ú j8fdf kfFr} hgfsf] x: tfIf/ x'g'kg] { eP klg cWoIfsf] dfq} x: tfIf/ df ah] 6 ljlgof] hg x'g] u/ ] sf] pgsf] egfO 5 . j8f / dxfgu/ n] sfd glbPklg clxn] cfkm} sfd vf] h] / ;dfhdf cleofg rnfO/ x] sf] pgn] ;'gfOg\ . …dlxnf ;d: of lnP/ d] / f] 3/ d} cfpF5g\ . klxn] klg ;fdflhs sfddf lyPF . w] ] / } n] lrG5g\ . ;d: of eGg klg vf;} ckm\7\of/ f] dfGg'x'Fb} g, Ú

pgn] cl3 elgg\, …dnfO{ j8fn] e"ldsf lbFb} g . dnfO{ rflxg] sfd cfkm} vf] H5' . ;/ ;kmfO sfddf a9L Wofg lbPsf] 5' .Ú

lgs} pT;fxsf ;fy : yfgLo txsf] r'gfjaf6 ljhoL dlxnf hgk|ltlglw clxn] cfkm\gf] e"ldsf Aojxf/ df b] Vb} gg\ . ;+ljwfgn] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt u/ ] klg To;sf] Jojxfl/ s sfof{ Gjog vf;} 5} g . / , w] / } h;f] k|ltlglw sfdljxLg 5g\ . pgLx?n] lgjf{ rgkl5 ul/ Psf sfdaf/ ] ;dLIff ub} { yk dha'ltsf nflu ;fd"lxs c7f] 6 lgsfn] sf 5g\ . lgjf{ rgkl5sf] cj: yf, eP u/ ] sf sfd, To;sf] ;d: of / k|fKt cg'ej;lxt efjL / 0fgLltaf/ ] pgLx?n] 5nkmn u/ ] . k|ltkIfL bnaf6 ljhoL k|ltlglwsf] e"ldsf : jtM sdhf] / x'g] g} eof] . ;Qf rnfO/ x] sf kf6L{ sf k|ltlglwsf] cj: yf klg p: t} 5 .

dxfgu/ df lgjf { lrt sfo{ kflnsf ;b: o / j8f ;b: ox? Ps} 7fpFdf e] nf eP/ cfufdL lbgdf ;zQm eP/ cfkm\gf] bIftf k|bz{ g ug'{ kg] { lgisif{ df k'u] sf x'g\ . e] nfdf pk;efd'v l;h{ gf zdf{ n] dlxnf hgk|ltlglwsf] j8f tx / : yfgLo ;/ sf/ df 7"nf] e"ldsf eP klg kl/ 0ffd b] lvg] u/ L sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g g;s] sf] atfOg\ . pgn]

zxLb xl/ k|;fb u'?ªsf] ;flnsdf dfNofk{ 0f ub} { sfFu|] ; g] tf tf/ fgfy / fgfef6nufot .t: jL/ M cfbz{ ;dfh

?kgf/ fo0f 9sfnkf] v/ f

DofUbLsf] vf] k|f n] s If] qdf #

lbgb] lv x/ fPsf $ hgf g] kfnL kbofqLsf] zlgaf/ p4f/ ul/ Psf] 5 .

u08sL k|b] z k|x/ L sfof{ nosf k|x/ L pk/ LIfs bLks / ] UdLsf cg';f/ pgLx?nfO{ DofUbLsf] cGgk"0f{ ufpFkflnsf–$, gf/ Rofª If ] qaf6 p4f/ ul/ Psf ] xf ] . pgsf cg';f/ p4f/ ul/ Psf

rf/ g] kfnL kbofqLsf] p4f/

-afFsL clGtd k] hdf_

pkk|d'v;Fu dlxnfdlxnfx?nfO{ ;/ sf/ sf] cg'e"t u/ fpg dxfgu/ n] pkk|d'v;Fu dlxnf sfo{ qmd ;~rfng

u/ ] sf] 5 . ;: tf] Aofhdf dlxnfnfO{ : j/ f] huf/ agfpg] u/ L C0f k|jfx ug{ of] sfo{ qmd ;~rfng ul/ Psf] dxfgu/ n] hgfPsf] 5 . o;} sf nflu rfn" jif{ df # s/ f] 8 ?k} ofF ljlgof] hg ul/ Psf] pkd] o/ d~h'b] jL u'?ªn] atfOg\ . …;+3Lotf gofF zf;g xf] . dlxnf k|ltlglwn] lhDd] jf/ L vf] lh/ xg'ePsf] 5 . t/ sfd cfkm} n] vf] Hg] xf] . s;} n] of] sfd u/ eg] / dfq} x'Fb} g, Ú pgn] elgg\, …w] / } sfd 5, j8fdf . lxhf] s] k|lta4tf hgfP/ lgjf{ lrt x'g'ePsf] xf] < Tof] k"/ f ug'{ k5{ lg . nlIft ;d'bfo;Fu e] 6\g] / pgLx?sf] ;d: of ;+sng u/ ] / ;DalGwt 7fpFdf ;'gfpg] klg sfd xf] . To;} n] o;nfO{ hf] 8\g dxfgu/ n] ljleGg sfo{ qmd cl3 ;f/ ] sf] 5 .Ú ljlgof] lht / sdaf6 dlxnfsf] ;Lk ljsf; / pBdzLntfdf nufgL ul/ g] u'?ªsf] egfO 5 .

cfly{ s cj: yf sdhf] / ePsf Psn dlxnf, ljkGg ju{ sf] dlxnf, lx+;fkLl8t dlxnf / ckfËtf ePsf jf ckfËtf ePsf] s'g} ;b: osf] cleefjs ePsf dlxnfnfO{ of] zLif{ saf6 nufgL ug] { lgb] { lzsf 5 . Aoj;fo / dfu x] / ] / ! nfvb] lv !# nfv ?k} ofF;Dd dxfgu/ n] ;: tf] Aofhdf k} ;f pknAw u/ fpF5 . Ps nfv;Dd C0f lnFbf # k|ltzt / Tof] eGbf a9L C0fdf % k|ltzt Aofhb/ df C0f k|jfx ul/ Psf] u'?ªn] atfOg\ . …Aofhaf6 cfPsf] k} ;f klg dxfgu/ sf] vftfdf hDdf x'Fb} g . To;sf] kl/ rfng ug{ 5'§} sf] if vf] lnPsf] 5 . ToxL sf] ifdf Aofh hDdf x'G5, Ú pgL elG5g\, …ToxL / sd c? dlxnfdf klg kl/ rfng x'G5 .Ú ;+ljwfgn] lbPsf] clwsf/ cfkm} n] vf] h] / lhDd] jf/ L lnPsf sf/ 0f cfkm"nfO{ s'g} ;d: of gePsf] pgn] ;'gfOg\ .

…lgsfo x'Fbf k|d'vn] tf] s] sf] sfd pkk|d'vn] ug] { s'/ f lyof] . clxn] ;+ljwfgn] g} pkk|d'vsf] lhDd] jf/ L tf] lslbPsf] 5 . d} n] lsg d] o/ ;Fu sfd dflu/ xg'k¥of] <, Ú u'?ªn] elgg\, …cfkm} n] af] w ug'{ kg] { ljifo xf] . d ;+ljwfgsf] clwsf/ x] / ] / lhDd] jf/ L vf] H5' .Ú ;+ljwfgn] pkk|d'vnfO{ Goflos ;ldlt, / fhZj k/ fdz{ ;ldltsf] g] t[ Tj tf] lslbPsf] 5 eg] cg'udg, nlIft ;d'bfosf sfo{ qmddf klg ljz] if e"ldsf lbPsf] 5 . -afFsL clGtd k] hdf_

cfbz{ ;dfh kf] v/ f

kl5Nnf jif{ x/ ] s hfthfltn]

cfkm\gf] wd{ , ;+: s[ lt, e] ife"iff, / x g ; x g / r f 8 { k j { n f O { k|fyldstfdf / fv] sf] kfOG5 . g] kfndf a;f] af; ug] { cflbjf;Ln] @)^@÷)^# sf] kl/ jt{ gkl5 cfkm\gf] kj{ nfO{ a9L dxTj lbg yfn] sf 5g\ .

;f] gfd Nxf] ;f/ kj{ nfO{ g] kfn XofNdf] ;dfh ;] jf ;+3 sf: sLn]

zlgjf/ kf ] v/ fdf eJo?kdf dgfPsf] 5 . rGb|kfqf] df cfwfl/ t / xL dgfpg] Nxf] ;f/ lgs} k'/ fgf] kj{ dflgG5 . of] kj{ lrlgofF d+uf] n ;Eotf;Fu} z'?jft ePsf] ljZjf; 5 .

g] kfn Xof] Ndf] ;dfh ;] jf ;+3, sf: sLn] @!$& cf} + Rofu kmf] lHojf Nxf] -d';f ju{ _ ;f] gfd Nxf ] ;f/ sfo { q mddf Nxf ] ;f/ z'esfdgf cfbfgk|bfg, ;Ddfg, ljljw ;fF: s[ lts sfo{ qmdsf ;fy}

XofNdf] n] dgfP ;f] gfd Nxf] ;f/

-afFsL clGtd k] hdf_

dxfgu/ sf dlxnf k|ltlglw

pkl: ylt rN5, sfd rNb} g

* @)&^ df3 !( ut] cfOtjf/ ;dfrf/

cfbz{ ;dfh ax'd'vL k|sfzg -k|f=_ ln=, k|wfg ;Dkfbs M s[ i0fk|;fb af: tf] nf, k|aGw lgb] { zs M cd[ t af: tf] nf, sfof{ no M Go"/ f] 8, kf] v/ f, kmf] g M )^!–%#!@)), %@!$*$, ÇofS; M )^!–%@&*(&, E-mail : adrsamaj@gmail.com, www.eAdarsha.com

tfnrf] ssf] 3/ ef8fdfkf] v/ f dxfgu/ kflnsf j8f g+= @& tfnrf] sl: yt kf] v/ f sf7df08f} xfOj] / j] ugf;tfn / f] 8sf] ;fd'Gg] sf] k"j{ df] xf] 8fsf] -tfnrf] s kf6L{ Kofn] ;sf] pQ/ tkm{ sf] _ cGbfhL %, *)) ju{ lkm6 -df] xf] 8f $# lkm6 / lk5f8 !#% lkm6_ sf] 3/ hUuf @)&& ;fn h] i7 dlxgfb] lv sl/ a % jif{ sf nflu ef8f -jfxfn_ df lbOg] ePsf] n] O{ R5's JolQm jf Jofkfl/ s kmd{ n] ;Dks{ / fVg'xf] nf .

;Dks{ JolQmMrGb|s[ i0f sdf{ rfo{ df] = (*%^)!))!^

?kgf/ fo0f 9sfnkf] v/ f

klZrdf~rn xf] 6n ;+3 kf] v/ fn] u08sL

k|b] z / l;+uf] g] kfnnfO{ a+unfb] z / sf] nsftfdf k|j4{ g ug] { ePsf] 5 .

kf] v/ fdf zlgjf/ cfof] lht ;+3sf] #( cf} + ;fwf/ 0f ;efsf cj;/ df To: tf] 3f] if0ff ul/ Psf] xf] . ;+3n] emG8} !* jif{ b] lv cfGtl/ s ahf/ df hfpF x} kf] v/ f / ;g\ @)!@ b] lv ef/ tLo ahf/ df rlno kf] v/ f cleofg klg ;+rfng ub} { cfPsf] 5 . t] >f] d'n'sx?df ;d] t ;+3n] o: tf k|j4{ g cleofg ;+rfng ub} { cfPsf] 5 .

;f] cj;/ df af] Nb} kf] v/ f dxfgu/ kflnsf k|d'v dfgaxfb'/ hL;Ln] g] kfn e|d0f jif{ @)@) tof/ Llagf NofOPsf] egL cfnf] rgf u/ ] . k"jf{ wf/ / / fd|f ;8s gx'Fbf klg e|d0f jif{ r'gf} tLk"0f{ x'g] pgn] atfP . kf] v/ f cfpg] ko{ 6ssf] tYof+s / fVg h?/ L ePsf] egfO klg pgn] / fv] .

kf] v/ fnfO{ ko{ 6sLo / fhwfgL 3f] if0ff ug{ klg pgn] ;+3 ;/ sf/ ;Fu dfu u/ ] . dxfgu/ sf] ;DkGg 5} 6f} + gu/ kl/ ifb\n] o: tf] k|: tfj kfl/ t u/ ] sf] hfgsf/ L klg pgn] lbP . pgn] ;] tL vf] rnfO{ ko{ 6sLo ;Dkbfsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ vf] h] sf] atfP . gIfq kfs{ sf] : yfkgf klg kf] v/ fdf ul/ g] pgn] ;'gfP . o;n] kf] v/ fdf ko{ 6s a;fOF cjlw nlDag] ljZjf; lnP . xf] 6nsf] 6\ofl/ km ;a} b] zsf gful/ snfO{ ;dfg eP / fd|f] x'g] ;'emfj pgn] / fv] .

km] jf tfnsf] dfkb08 ^% ld6/ nfu" ug{ Tof] If] qleqsf] hUufsf] d'cfAhf lbg cfjZos / sd h'6fpg] sfo{ r'gf} tLk"0f{ / x] sf] atfP . e|d0f jif{ ;kmn kfg] { tkm{ ;a} sf] ;f] r x'g'kg] { pgn] ;'gfP . kf] v/ fdf ko{ 6s lsg cfpg] eGg] ljifo k|i6 x'g'kg] { eGb} oxfFsf] zflGt;'/ Iff dxTjk"0f{ kf6f] ePsf] k|d'v hL;Ln] atfP . ko{ 6s : jf: Yo s] G› vf] Ng hUuf pknAw u/ fpg pgn] j8f ^ nfO{ cfu|x u/ ] .

xf] d: 6] sf] dfk808 dxfgu/ n] agfpg

nfu] sf] eGb} ufFhf tfGg sltko o'jf xf] d: 6] df hfg] u/ ] sf] cf/ f] k pgn] nufP . ;'/ Iff / ;"rgf k|ljlw klg xf] d: 6] df h?/ t cfjZos kg] { pgn] atfP . pgn] xf] d: 6] df xfOlhlgs / ToxL+sf] pTkfbg x'g' kg] { df hf] 8 lbP .

klZrdf~rn xf] 6n ;+3 kf] v/ fsf cWoIf ljsn t'nfrgn] kf] v/ fnfO{ oyfzSo l56f] ko{ 6sLo / fhwfgL 3f] if0ff ug'{ kg] { egfO / fv] . ko{ 6sLo k"jf{ wf/ sf] ljsf;sf nflu : yfgLo / k|b] z ;/ sf/ n] Wofg lbg'kg] { ;'emfj klg pgn]

;f] cj;/ df / fv] . sf] / f] gfh: tf] efO/ ;af6 ko{ 6g If] qnfO{ yk k|efljt x'g glbg ;/ sf/ / Joj;foL tyf : jo+ ko{ 6s ;d] t ;r] t x'g'kg] { egfO pgsf] lyof] .

;f] cj;/ df xf] 6n ;+3 g] kfnsf dxf;lrj ;fhg zfSon] hfpF x} kf] v/ f / rlno kf] v/ f cleofgn] oxfFsf] ko{ 6gdf ;sf/ fTds k|efj k/ ] sf] atfP . kf] v/ fsf] a|fl08ª ug{ ;s] yk / fd|f] x'g] egfO pgsf] lyof] .

klZrdf~rn xf] 6n ;+3 kf] v/ fsf lgjt{ dfg

cWoIf e/ t/ fh k/ fh'nLn] kf] v/ fsf ;a} ;8s sfnf] kq] ug] { tkm{ kf] v/ f dxfgu/ sf] Wofg x'g'kg] { egfO / fv] . sfo{ qmd ubf{ km/ s z} nL tyf 5f] 6f] 5l/ tf] ug] { tkm{ ;d] t klZrdf~rn xf] 6n ;+3n] Wofg lbg yfn] sf] pgn] atfP .

klZrdf~rn xf] 6n ;+3 kf] v/ fsf dxf;lrj u0f] z/ fh kxf/ Ln] ;+3n] of] jif{ ;DkGg u/ ] sf sfo{ qmd / efjL sfo{ qmd k|: t't u/ ] sf lyP . e|d0f jif{ ;kmn kfg{ : yfgLo / k|b] z ;/ sf/ ;Fu ;dGjo ul/ g] egfO pgn] / fv] .

a+unfb] z / sf] nsftfdf kf] v/ f k|j4{ g

a9\bf] zx/ Ls/ 0fM g] kYodf df5fk'R5] « / fv] / xf] 6n / 3/ n] el/ Fb} uPsf] kf] v/ fsf] ko{ 6sLo n] s;fO8sf] Ps b[ io . t: jL/ M ?kgf/ fo0f 9sfn÷cfbz{ ;dfh

kbofqLdf lhNnf ;nf{ xL at{ jf gu/ kflnsf j8f $ a: g] jif{ @$ sf c+lst zfx, bf] nvf rl/ sf] 6 gu/ kflnsf % a: g] jif{ @# sf ;lht nfdf, ;f] xL 7fpF a: g] jif{ @$ sf cleif] s dxtf] / wgu9L u] 6f gu/ kflnsf ̂ a: g] jif{ @$ sf ;'dg e§ 5g\ . pgLx?sf] cj: yf ;fdfGo ePsf] k|x/ Ln] atfPsf] 5 .

df3 !^ b] lv sf: sLx' Fb } DofUbLsf] cGgk"0f{ ufpFkflnsf %, zLvdf kg] { 3f] 8] kfgLx'Fb} vf] k|f n] s 3'Dg lg: s] sf $ hgf o'jf ef] lnkN6 vf] k|f n] s k'u] sf] / kms{ g] qmddf af6f] la/ fO{ cnkq k/ ] sf] va/ k|x/ LnfO{ k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .

;f] va/ k|fKtkl5 DofUbLsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/ L 1fggfy 9sfn, DofUbL lhNnfsf k|x/ L k |d 'v k|x/ L gfoj pk/ LIfs ls/ 0fhË s'Fj/ , ;z: q k|x/ L gfoj pk/ LIfs k|sfzs'df/ dfemL ;d] tsf] ;+o'Qm 6f ] nL p4f/ sf nflu vl6Psf] lyof] .

cnkq JolQmx?;Fu lbpF;f] # ah] ;Dd ;Dks{ ePsf] / To;kZrft\ ;Dks{ gePsf] sf/ 0f zlgaf/ l;ld|s Po/ sf] x] lnsK6/ åf/ f : yfgLo / vl6O uPsf] k|x/ L 6f] nLn] p4f/ u/ ] sf] atfOPsf] 5 .

6f] nLn] cK7\of/ f ] 7fpFdf cNkq k/ ] sf ko{ 6sx?nfO{ p4 f / u / L ¥ o fn ] vs { s f ] kmf F6df NofPkl5 Toxf Faf6 x ] lnsK6/ dfkm { t p4f/ u/ L DofUbLsf] gf/ Rofª a] zLufpF NofOPsf] lyof] . : jf: Yodf

;d: o f b ] lvPsf c +s Lt / ;'dgnfO{ pkrf/ sf] nflu x ] lnsK6/ dfkm { t g } kf ] v/ f nfluPsf ] Dof UbLsf k |d 'v lhNnf clwsf/ L 1fggfy 9sfnn] atfP .

‘kf] v/ f k7fOPsf b'j} hgfsf] : jf: Yo cj: yf vt/ fd'Qm 5 . rf/ } hgfnfO{ ;s'zn p4f/ ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5f} +, ’ k|lhc 9sfnn] ;'gfP . ko{ 6sLo: yn 3f] 8] kfgLx'Fb} vf] k|f n] s eP/ gf/ Rofª emg] { qmddf cnkq ko{ 6sn] h+und} / ft latfPsf lyP . lxpFn] af6f] 9flsPsf] sf/ 0f af6f] la/ fP/ h+untkm{ cK7\of/ f ] e "efudf cnkq k/ ] sf o'jfn] df] afOn kmf] gdfkm{ t cfkm"x? cnkq k/ ] sf] hfgsf/ L u/ fpFb} p4f/ sf] nflu ckLn u/ ] sf lyP .

z 'qmjf/ ;f Fem;Dd klg pgLx?sf ] ;kmn p4f/ x 'g g;s] kl5 u[ x dGqfnonfO { x] lnsK6/ Joj: yf ug{ cg'/ f] w ul/ Psf] lyof] . zlgjf/ laxfg sl/ a ( ah] p4f/ vf] hLdf u P s f ] 6 f ] n L n ] c n k q ko{ 6snfO{ e] 6] sf] lyof] . 6f] nLn] pgLx?nfO{ ckm\7\of/ f] 7fpFaf6 kmfF6df NofPkl5 l;ld|s Po/ sf] x ] lnsK6/ n] @ r/ 0fdf u/ L pgLx?nfO{ j] zLufpFdf k'¥ofPsf] lyof] .

pkNnf ] gf/ Rofª elgg ] n ] sufp Fsf b 'O { : yfgLon ] vf ] raf6 cfjfh ; 'g ] k l5 laxLaf/ uPsf ] @ hgfsf ] : yfgLon] ;d] t / fte/ L uf] 7df a;] / laxfg} p4f/ df h'6] sf lyP . p4f/ ePsfx? k] zfn] Ol~hlgo/ / 8fS6/ ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .

rf/ g] kfnL===dlxnf hgk|ltlglwnfO{ : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] e"ldsfljxLg agfPsf] cf/ f ] k ;d] t nufPsL l5g\ . dlxnf k|ltlglwdf sfo{ bIftf cefjsf] sf/ 0f b] vfP/ sfo{ sf/ L e"ldsf glbOPsf] eGb} pgn] bIftf a9fpg j8f ;b: o / sfo{ kflnsf ;b: onfO{ cfu|x ul/ g\ . sf: sL @ sL ;f +;b ljBf e§/ fO { n ] ;fdflhs, Goflos / cfly{ s tLg} If] qdf dlxnf k|ltlglwn] e"ldsf ;zQm agfpg'kg] { atfOg\ . k|b] z;ef ;f+;b s[ i0f yfkfn] ;dfg'kflts ;dfj] zLtf clxn] sf] ;+ljwfgn] c+lusf/ u/ ] sf] eGb} To;sf] sfof{ Gjog x'g g;s] sf] df rf;f] b] vfP . klxn] sf] : yfgLo lgsfoh: tf] xfnsf] ;/ sf/ geP

klg kl/ 0ffd b] lvg] u/ L sfd x'g g;s] sf] pgsf] egfO 5 .

d x f g u / k f l n s f d ] o / dfgaxfb'/ lh;Ln] bIftf eP e"ldsf ;'lDkg} s'g} ;d: of g/ x] sf] atfP . hgtfn] u'gf;f] g/ fVg] u/ L sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf h'6\g pgsf] cfu|x 5 . d] o/ lh;Ln] ;+ljwfgn] tf] s] sf] lglZrt sf] 6feGbf dfly k'u] / k|ltikwL{ efjgfsf] ljsf; u/ fpg'kg] { ;'emfj lbP .

pkd] o/ d~h'b ] jL u '?ªn] dlxnf hgk|ltlglwn] u/ ] sf sfd k|efjsf/ L eP klg cfdb[ li6sf] 0f g} k"jf{ u|xL ePsf] u'gf;f] ul/ g\ . dlxnf hgk|ltlglw ePkl5 j8f txdf dlxnfsf ljifo ;dfj] z x'g yfn] sf / Goflos kx'Fr ;d] t j[ l4 ePsf] pgsf] egfO 5 .

pkl: ylt rN5===

ljljw sfo{ qmd u/ L kf] v/ f rfpy] l: yt cfkm\g} gjlgld{ t ejgdf ;f] gfd Nxf] ;f/ dgfPsf] xf] .

;f] cj;/ df u|xzflGt k"hf ug'{ sf] ;fy} pRr lzIff cWoogdf pTs[ i6 c+s Nofpg] ljBfyL{ / h] 7df ;u/ dfyf lxdfn cf/ f] x0f ug] { sfG5L 8f] Ndf -XofNdf] _nfO{ gub;lxt ;Ddfg ul/ Psf] lyof] . pRr lzIff xfl;n u/ ] sf Xof] Ndf] ljBfyL{ / f] lhgf nfdf Xof] Ndf] , : d[ lt Xof] Ndf] , ;GgL u'?ª Xof] Ndf] , >] of nfdf Xof] Ndf] / ;dLIff nfdf XofNdf] nfO{ k|d'v cltly g] kfn Xof] Ndf] ;dfh ;] jf ;+3 s] Gb|Lo ;ldltsf cWoIf k] df Hofjf Xof] Ndf] / sf: sL cWoIf Sof= k'0f{ axfb'/ Xof] Ndf] n] ;Ddfgkq k|bfg u/ ] .

sfo{ qmddf XofNdf] ;dfh ;] jf ;+3sf s] Gb|Lo cWoIf k] df Hofjf XofNdf] n] b] zdf u0ftGq : yfkgf ePkl5 cflbjf;L hghfltsf rf8{ df lbg] labf sfl6Psf] df cfklQ hgfP .

‘u0ftGq Nofpgs} nflu hghflt cfGbf] ng u/ ] t/ pgLx?s} labf sfl6of] , ca ;f] gfd Nxf] ;f/ df labfsf nflu cfjfh p7fpg h?/ L 5, ’ pgn] eg] , ‘cflbjf;Lsf] k'/ fgf] rf8{ ePsfn]

g] kfn ;/ sf/ n] labf lbg} k5{ .’ ;u/ dfyf cf/ f] x0f u/ ] sL klxnf] Xof] Ndf]

dlxnf sfG5L 8f] Ndf Xof] Ndf] n] ;u/ dfyf r9\g lgs} sl7g eP klg c7f] 6sf ;fy Xof] Ndf] ;d'bfosf k|lti7fs} nflu lzv/ r9] sf] atfOg\ .

sfo{ qmddf X \of ] Ndf ] ;dfh ;] jf ;+3 gjnk/ f;L cWoIf / fdk|;fb Xof] Ndf] , ndh'ª cWoIf odaxfb'/ Xof] Ndf] , td' lw+ g] kfnsf sfo{ jfxs cWoIf x'daxfb'/ u'?ª, g] kfn Xof] Ndf] dlxnf ;dfh ;] jf ;+3 sf: sL cWoIf

ltns'df/ L Xof] Ndf] n] z'esfdgf JoQm u/ ] sf lyP . ejg lgdf{ 0f ;ldlt ;+of] hs v8uaxfb'/ Xof] Ndf] n] ejg lgdf{ 0fsf nflu sl/ a &) nfv ?k} ofF ;xof] u ;+sng ePsf] hfgsf/ L u/ fP .

sfo{ qmddf ejg lgdf{ 0fsf nflu ;xof] u / sd;d] t x: tfGt/ 0f ul/ Psf] lyof] . ;+3 sf: sL cWoIf Sof=k"0f{ axfb'/ Xof] Ndf] sf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{ qmddf pkfWoIf xf] daxfb'/ Xof] Ndf] n] : jfut / ;x;lrj k"0f{ nfdf Xof] Ndf] n] ;+rfng u/ ] sf lyP .

cf/ tL s'Fj/

kf] v/ f

8f gf/ fo0fk|;fb clwsf/ Lsf] @# cf} + s[ ltsf ?kdf k|sflzt ‘uf} td a'4 / pgsf] wDdkb’ k|sfzgsf] 5f] 6f] cjlwd} bf] ;|f] ;+: s/ 0f ahf/ df cfPsf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{ df zlgaf/ kf] v/ fdf k': tsdfly kl/ rrf{ ul/ Psf] 5 .

uf} tda'4 / pgsf] wDdkb s] lGb|t kl/ rrf{ ;df/ f] xdf dLg nfdf, whjGt eGt] , k|sfzdfg u'efh', ljZj zfSo, o1k|;fb af: tf] nf / c;kmn uf} tdn] ljleGg sf] 0faf6 ljZn] if0f u/ ] .

h/ f] 6'Kkf] ;+/ If0f ;flxTo ;dfh g] kfn / ljZj lxGb" dxf;+3 sf: sLsf] ;+o'Qm cfof] hgfdf ePsf] sfo{ qmddf dLg nfdfn] 8f clwsf/ Ln] s[ ltdf af} 4 wd{ / dg': d[ ltnfO{ t'ngf u/ ] / ;a} cg'ofoLn] c;n sd{ / wd{ sf] cg'z/ 0f ug'{ kg] { df hf] 8 lbPsf] atfP . pgn] wd{ eGbf klg ;Twd{ n] ;To s'/ f a'em\g / dgsf] lj: tf/ ug{ df d2t k'Ug] x'Fbf dfgj ;] jfsf lglDt wDdkbn] gofF cfofd lbPsf] : d/ 0f u/ ] .

csf{ jQmf whjGt eGt] n] g] kfn ;u/ dfyf, a'4 / ;+: s[ ltn] ljZjdf kl/ lrt / x] sf] eGg] clwsf/ Lsf] cfbz{ jf0fL g} dxfg\ ePsf] rrf{ u/ ] . pgn] af} w wd{ k|lt uj{ dx;'; ug'{ sf ;fy} a'4sf pkb] znfO{ dfgj hftsf] sNof0fdf ckgfpg h?/ L / x] sf] df hf] 8 lbP .

k|sfzdfg u'efh'n] 5f ] 6f ] ;dodf w] / } l;sfpg] ;fdYo{ ePsf] u|GynfO{ cWoog u/ ] / dgg u/ ] df lrQ ;kmfO x'g] atfP .

ljZj/ Tg zfSon] uf} td a'4sf] wDdkbnfO{ w] / } s'/ fnfO{ ;"qfTds ?kdf cleJoQm ug] {

zlQmzfnL u |Gysf ?kdf lrgfP . pgn] clwsf/ Ln] ;"qfTds cleJolQmnfO{ JofVofg ljlwsf dfWodaf6 cleJoQm u/ ] sf] / h;sf] d"n cf;o g} ;t\wd{ ePsf] atfP .

kqsf/ o1k|;fb af: tf ] nfn] a '4sf ] wDdkbsf ljleGg cg'jfb k9] sf] : d/ 0f ub} { clwsf/ Lsf] s[ lt cg'jfbdfq geP/ uxg efio n] vg ePsf] atfP . pgn] wd{ kb af} 4 jfªdosf] Ps k|l;4 u|Gy ePsfn] h;sf] cWoog / dgg\n] dfgj Jojxf/ df ;sf/ fTds efj k} bf u/fO{ lrGtfgzLn agfpg] wf/ 0ff / fv] .

;flxTosf/ c;kmn uf} tdn] clwsf/ LnfO{ a '4sf] ;t\ wd{ cg'z/ 0f ub} { jfª\dlos cg'i7fgdf nfu] sf ;sf/ fTds ;f] r dfWodn] ;xL lbzflgb] { z ug] { k|efjzfnL JolQmTjsf

?kdf lrgfP .;|i6f gf/ fo0fk |;fb clwsf/ Ln] s[ lt

k|sfzgsf] ;Gbe{ pNn] v ub} { a'4sf] argnfO{ Wofgd'b|fdf x] / ] / h] cg'e"lt eof] ToxL n] v] sf] atfP . ;fy} pgn] s[ lt k|sfzgsf] 5f] 6f] ;dod} bf] ;|f] ;+: s/ 0f ahf/ df cfPsf] / To;nfO{ yk kl/ dflh{ t u/ L ;'wfg] { df} sf k|bfg ug{ sf nflu;d] t cg'/ f] w u/ ] .

sfo{ qmddf lzj lqkf7Ln] sljtf jfrg u/ ] sf lyP . ljZj lxGb" dxf;+3 sf: sLsf cWoIf kfj{ tL kf} 8] nsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{ qmddf dxf;+3 dxfgu/ cWoIf d] gsf a/ fnn] : jfut / h/ f] 6'Kkf] ;+/ If0f ;flxTo ;dfhsf dxf;lrj dbg e08f/ Ln] ;~rfng u/ ] sf lyP .

ljBfyL{ kqsf/

a'4sf] wDdkb zlQmzfnL u|Gy

XofNdf] n] ===

s[ lt cg'jfbdfq geP/ a[ xt\ efio

n] vg xf] .

>Leb| kf} 8] nx] dhf

cGgk"0f{ –#, kfpFb'/ , wf/ fkfgLl: yt lzjfno

dlGb/ sf ] ;jf { ªuL0f { ljsf;sf nflu ePsf ] lzjdxfk'/ f0f wgwf~ofrn dxfo1 ck] Iffs[ t ;kmntf xfl;n ub} { zlgjf/ ;lsPsf] 5 .

dxfo1df e"ldbfg ;d] t u/ L s'n ! s/ f] 8 ̂ nfv !! xhf/ & ;o (@ bfg ;+sng eof] . To: t} sl/ a &% d'/ L wfg tyf @@ d'/ L rfdn ;+sng eof] .

;dfkgdf : yfgLo et] / ] kl/ jf/ n] uf] Ko bfg;d] t u/ ] sf] 5 . pQm bfg o1e/ s} ;j{ >] i7 / x] sf] cfFsng ul/ Psf] 5 . To: t} o1 cjlwe/ & hgfsf] a|taGw, ̂ hgfn] rf} / f;L k"hf tyf s'n !# hgfn] t'nfbfg u/ ] .

dxfo1 ;dfkg ub} { ufpFkflnsf cWoIf o'j/ fh s'Fj/ n] wd{ ;+: sf/ la;{ g] dflg; dfgj x'g g;Sg] atfP . pgn] lxGb" wd{ sf] ;+/ If0fdf ;d] t hf] 8 lbP .

bfgjL/ nfO{ ;Ddfg JoQm ub} { cWoIf s'Fj/ n] kfpFb'/ wf/ fkfgLnfO{ k'0oe"ld agfpg'kg] { wf/ 0ff / fv] . pgn] o1sf] : yfgLo ;xeflutfn] kfpFb'/ jf;L Ps 5g\ eGg] ;Gb] z lbPsf] : ki6 kf/ ] .

k|d'v jfrs k+=sdngog uf} tdn] ;a} sf] ;fy ;xof] uaf6 o1 ;DkGg ePsf] hgfP . kf] v/ faf6 glhs} eP klg kfpFb'/ If] qdf cfkm\gf] klxnf] o1 ePsf] pgn] ;'gfP . pgn] ! s/ f] 8nfO{ aLp kF'hLsf ?kdf / fvL ;|f] t;fwg h'6fP/ !) s/ f] 8 a/ fa/ sf] sfd ug{ ;'emfj lbP .

dxfo1 d"n cfof] hs ;ldlt cWoIf / fdrGb| kf} 8] nn] 5f] 6f] tof/ Ldf o1 ;DkGg ug'{ k/ ] sf] cg'ej

;'gfP .dxfo1sf] lx;falstfa kf/ bzL{ / fVg] k|lta¢tf hgfpFb} pgn] lzjfno If] qnfO{ wfdsf ?kdf ljsf; ug'{ kg] { vfFrf] cf} FNofP . o1dfkm{ t\ wfld{ s hfu/ 0f cfPsf] : ki6 kfb} { cWoIf kf} 8] nn] o1sf] lr/ sfn;Dd dxTj / xg] egfO / fv] .

sf] iffWoIf e] if/ fh kf} 8] nn] lzjfnonfO{ a[ xt\ tLy{ : ynsf ?kdf ljsf; ug'{ kg] { hgfP .

;x–sf] iffWoIf sdnf s] ;Ln] p2] Zo k"/ f ug{ kfpFb'/ jf;L Ps h'6 x'g'sf] ljsNk gePsf] cf} FNofOg\.

sfo { qmdaLr o1df ;xof ] u k ' ¥ofPsf ] df ufpFkflnsf, k|d'vjfrs, snfsf/ , cGo k"/ f] lxt, / ] 8qm; pkzfvf l9s'/ kf] v/ L tyf k|x/ L rf} sL gfu8fF8fnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/ of] .

;+slnt / sdaf6 dlGb/ sf] k'gMlgdf{ 0f ug] { , lgoldt k"hfsf nflu cIfosf] if : yfkgf ug] { , ax'p2] ZoLo wd{ zfnf agfpg] , cGgk"0f{ dftfsf] dlGb/ lgdf{ 0f ug] { , d"n k|j] zåf/ agfO{ dlGb/ kl/ if/ df kSsL kvf{ n nufpg] nufot nIo 5 .

d"n cfof] hs ;ldlt cWoIf / fdrGb| kf} 8] nsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ;dfkg ;df/ f ] xdf ;lrj kml0fGb|k|;fb kf} 8] nn] : jfut / dxf;lrj xl/ k|;fb zdf{ n] ;+rfng u/ ] sf lyP .

dxfo1df s/ f] 8 a9L ;+sng

lzjfnonfO{ wfddf ljsf; ug{ cfjZos