1ælbuf] ljsf;sf nflu u'0f:t/Lo lzIff, ;a}sf nflu ;'/lIft lzIf0f ;+:yfÆ

z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|;dfrf/kq

jif{ @) cª\s # @)&#, d+l;/—k'; (November—January 2016)

National Centre for Educational DevelopmentNEWSLETTER

Website: http://www.nced.gov.npkmf]g g+= ^^#)&^^, ^^#*!%), ^^#!@&^km\ofS;M ^^#!$*^

;DkfbsLo o; leq

;Nnfxsf/x?

b]js'df/L u'/fufO{F

;Dkfbsx?

/]g'sf kf08] e';fn

af]ws'df/ vgfn

zª\s/ clwsf/L

gjLgs'df/ v8\sf

;/:jtL e6\6/fO{ n'O{F6]n

z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|n] lzIff Joj:yfks tyf lzIfsx?sf] k];fut ljsf;sf nflu lg/Gt/ sfo{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . s]Gb|n] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ ljsf;sf nflu lzIfs tyf Joj:yfksx?sf nflu tflnd k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} z}lIfs /]l8of] sfo{j|mdx?sf] pTkfbg tyf k|;f/0f, :jLs[t sfo{qmd tyf ;d;fdlos ljifonfO{ ;Daf]wg x'g] u/L ;xof]uL ;fdu|Lx?sf] ljsf; / ljt/0f cflb sfo{x? ul//x]sf]]] 5 . ;/sf/sf] z}lIfs gLlt / sfo{s|d adf]lhd k|fKt lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug]{ ;Gbe{df o; lgsfon] ljleGg z}lIfs lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf rf;f] /fVg] tyf s]Gb|af6 ;~rflnt sfo{x?sf ;fy} o; s]Gb|sf] sfo{If]q;Fu ;DalGwt ultljlwx?sf] hfgsf/L lng rfxg] ;/f]sf/x?sf nflu o; s]Gb|af6 j]j ;fO8 / kf]6{nsf] Joj:yf ;fy} s]Gb|sf ultljlwx?sf] lnlvt ;ª\ufnf]sf] ?kdf xfdLn] å}dfl;s ?kdf ;dfrf/ kq k|sfzg ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ . ;dfrf/ kqsf] o; cª\sdf cGo ultljlwx?sf ;dfrf/sf] ;fy} o; s]Gb|sf] k|yd rf}dfl;ssf] k|ult ljj/0f / er'{cn sIff ;~rfng ;DaGwL ;dfrf/nfO{{ ljz]if k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . cfzf 5 o;df ;dflji6 ul/Psf ;fdu|Laf6 ;/f]sf/jfnf ;';"lrt / nfeflGjt x'g'x'g] 5 . ;dfrf/kqsf cfufdL cª\sx?nfO{ cem a9L pkof]uL agfpg] ;DaGwdf cfjZos ;Nnfx / /rgfTds ;'emfjsf] s]Gb| ;b}j :jfut ub{5 .

� s]Gb|sf] k|yd rf}dfl;s k|ult

� Jojxf/ s'zn l;k ;DaGwL Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{zfnf ;DkGg

� dfggLo lzIff dGqLåf/f er'{cn sIffsf] cf}krfl/s pb\3f6g

� gjk|j]zL clws[tx?sf nflu ;]jf k|j]z tflnd ;DkGg

� /f= k= låtLo >]0fLsf clws[tx?sf] ;]jfsfnLg tflnd ;~rfng

� er'{cn sIff ;~rfng

� z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|, ;fgf]l7dLsf] z}lIfs /]l8of] sfo{j|md k|;f/0f tflnsf

� l6lk8L tflndsf] PsLs[t k|df0fkq ljt/0f ;DaGwL ;"rgf

!= z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|sf] cf= j= @)&#÷)&$ k|yd rf}dfl;ssf k|ult -k|d'v ultljlwx?_

!= efb| !^ ut] dfggLo lzIff dGqL Ho"sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg MDAC df ePsf] lg0f{ox?sf] sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf M • efb| !^ ut] dfggLo lzIff dGqL Ho"sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg

MDAC df ePsf lg0f{ox?dWo] z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|;Fu ;DalGwt lg0f{o g+= * sf] ;DaGwdf z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|sf] k':tsfno ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ ef}lts lj:tf/ ul/Psf] :yfgdf k':tsfnonfO{ kf7sd}qL agfpg] of]hgf cg';f/ Joj:yfkg sfo{{ ;DkGg .

• ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ k|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 e"sDk k|efljt !! lhNnfsf !)) ljb\ofnodf dfWolds tx nlIft er'{on sIff k|ToIf ?kdf ;+rfngfy{ s]Gb| / !)) ljb\ofnodf Nofj -ef}lts ;'ljwf ;lxt pks/0f_ Joj:yfkg sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ k|ToIf sIff k/LIf0f sfo{ eO/x]sf] / ;d:of ePsf] ljb\ofnodf k|fljlws ;xfotf ug]{ sfo{ b'|t ultdf eO/x]sf] .

• cg'udg of]hgfsf cfwf/df clws[t :t/af6 dfq sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg sfo{ eO/x]sf] .

lg0f{o g+= !) z}hljs];Fu ;+emf}tf ul/Psf u}/;/sf/L lgsfoaf6

tflnd ;+rfng tyf tflnd;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdu|L ljsf; ljt/0f

ubf{ / ;f]sf] cfjZostfg';f/ cg'udg ubf{ s]Gb|;Fu ;dGjo /

;xsfo{df ug]{ sfo{ eO/x]sf] . bf];|f] rf}dfl;s leq sf7df0f}F

pkTosf / sfe|] cGtu{t ljb\ofno lzIff ljz]if u/L tflnd

/ pks/0f Joj:yfkgsf If]qdf sfo{/t u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf;Fu

xfn;Dd ePsf sfo{sf] ;dLIff / efjL sfo{of]hgfsf] ljifodf Ps

lbg] sfo{zfnf ug]{ tof/L .

2 ælbuf] ljsf;sf nflu u'0f:t/Lo lzIff, ;a}sf nflu ;'/lIft lzIf0f ;+:yfÆ

@= rfn' cfjsf] k|yd rf}dfl;ssf] k|ult ljj/0fs_ ljb\ofno If]q ljsf; sfo{qmd a=p=zL=g+ #%)!$) -s]Gb|Lo

:t/_

• :jLs[t sfo{qmddf ljlgof]hg /sdsf] ljTtLo k|ult *!=(! k|ltzt

• :jLs[t sfo{qmd nIosf] t'ngfdf ef}lts k|ult @&=#* k|ltzt

k"FhLut vr{ rfn'vr{jflif{s nIo k|yd

rf}dfl;s nIo

k|yd rf}= k|ult

jflif{s nIo k|yd rf}dfl;s nIo

k|yd rf}dfl;s k|ult

?=!^,(())) ?=^=(())) ) ?=@^,!&#$))) ?=*,!$,#!))) ?=^,*#,***@!

gf]6M rfn' tkm{ qmdfut -er'{on sIff / ejg_ sf] e"StfgL ePsf]n] ef}ltssf] t'ngfdf ljTtLo k|ult j9L ePsf] .

v_ ljb\ofno If]q ljsf; sfo{qmd a=p=zL=g+ #%)*)^ -lhNnf:t/_

• :jLs[t sfo{qmddf ljlgof]hg /sdsf] ljTtLo k|ult @!=@# k|ltzt

• :jLs[t sfo{qmd nIosf] t'ngfdf ef}lts k|ult !(=^^ k|ltzt

k"FhLut vr{ rfn'vr{jflif{s nIo k|yd

rf}dfl;s nIo

k|yd rf}dfl;s k|ult

jflif{s nIo k|yd rf}dfl;s nIo

k|yd rf}dfl;s k|ult

?=!,$*,))))) ?=@#,&)))) ?=#!%)) ?=@((&%!))) ?=^$$^%))) ?=#*$#^))

u_ ;fwf/0f tkm{ a=p=zL=g+ #%))@$#

k"FhLut vr{ rfn'vr{jflif{s nIo k|yd

rf}dfl;s nIo

k|yd rf}dfl;s k|ult

jflif{s nIo k|yd rf}dfl;s nIo

k|yd rf}dfl;s k|ult

?=$),))))) ?=!#,@)))) ?=@%,^!%&$ ?=!#,$*$#))) ?=$,$$(*!() ?=$,!($**))

#= k|yd rf}dfl;sdf ;DkGg ePsf k|d'v sfo{x?

s_ a=p=zL=g+ #%)!$) -ljb\ofno If]q ljsf; sfo{qmd_

Joj:yfkg tflnd

s_ lzIff ;]jfsf k|fljlws ;xfossf] nflu Ps dlxg] ;]jfsfnLg

tflnd -@@ hgf_] ;DkGg .

v_ lzIff ;]jfdf gj lgo'St clws[tx?sf] nflu #) sfo{lbg] ;]jf

k|j]z tflnd -@$ hgfsf] ;xeflutfdf kf}if !&_ ;DkGg x'g] .

lzIfs tflnd

s_ lzIfssf] ;Ifdtf k|f?ksf] ;"rfª\ssf] ljsf; sfo{ %) k|ltzt

sfo{ ;DkGg .

v_ lzIfs tyf k|lzIfsx?sf -ljz]if u/L sIff ( b]lv !@ ;Dd

cWofkg ug]{ lzIff zf:q afx]ssf cGo of]Uotf xfl;n ePsf /

xfn;Dd s'g} tflnd glnPsf ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ k|ljlwdf ;fdfGo

kl/lrt_ nflu Online based Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{s|dsf] nflu

tflnd sf]if{ tof/L eO/x]sf] .

u_ afn lzIff lzIfssf nflu Ps dlxg] -klxnf] r/0f / bf]:f|f]

r/0f_ tflnd kf7\oqmd, ;|f]t ;fdu|L / k/LIff Joj:yfkgsf nflu

:k]l;lkms];g lu|8 tof/L sfo{ ;DkGg .

3_ k|wfgfWofkssf] g]t[TTj ljsf; ;DaGwL b'O{ r/0fdf ;+rfng x'g]

Ps dlxg] tflnd kf7\oqmd, lu|8 tyf k/LIff Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL

tof/L sfo{ ;DkGg .

ª_ :jLs[t sfo{qmd tyf ljb\odfg sfg'gL k|fjwfg, k|ltab\wtf,

cfjlws of]hgf, ;/sf/sf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] cled'vLs/0f

ug]{ Wo]on] ljb\ofno lg/LIfs tyf ;|f]t JolStsf] nflu Ps xKt]

tflnd sf]if{ ljsf; tyf tflnd ;+rfng .

r_ afn ljsf; / k|wfgfWofkssf nflu ;+rflnt tflndsf] uxg

?kdf :ynut cg'udgsf cfwf/df k|ltj]bg tof/L u/fpg]

sfo{sf nflu ufO8nfOg tof/ eO{ clws[t :t/sf sd{rf/Laf6

tflnd ;+rfng eO/x]sf] cjlwdf cg'udg sfo{;d]t eO/x]sf]] .

5_ @( cf]6f z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb|sf jl/i7 k|lzIfs / $^ lhNNff

lzIff sfo{noaf6 cu'jf ;|f]t s]Gb| x]g]{ clws[tx? ;+nUg u/L

lrtjgsf] e/tk'/ afFs]sf] g]kfnu~hdf cf= j @)&#÷&$ sf]

sfo{s|d cled'vLs/0f sfo{s|d ;DkGg

z}lIfs /]l8of] sfo{s|d

k|To]s dlxgfsf] * cf]6fsf b/n] k|yd rf}dfl;sdf #@ cf]6f k|;f/0f

;fy} z}lIfs ultljlw ;d]l6Psf @ cf]6f Go'hn]6/ k|sfzg

h_ v'nf ljb\ofnosf ljb\ofyL{x?sf nflu ;+zf]lwt kf7\oqmdsf

cfwf/df ljifout -sIff !) sf clgjfo{ ljifodf_ l:s|K6 n]vg

sfo{zfnf ;DkGg eO{ l:s|K6 n]vg sfo{ eO/x]sf]

$= a=p=zL=g+ #%)!!* -;a}sf nflu lzIff, lzz' ljsf; sfo{qmd_ • k|yd rf}dfl;sdf clVtof/L tyf sfo{s|d k|fKt x'g

g;s]sf]n] z"Go k|ult

• clVtof/L / sfo{s|d d+l;/ @! ut] k|fKt eO;s]sf]n] xfn sfo{qmd sfo{fGjog k'l:tsf tof/Lsf] nflu ljefu / o'lg;]kmsf] ;dGjodf sfo{ k|f/Dd eO/x]sf]

%= k7g l;k k|jw{gsf] ;d]t clVtof/L k|yd rf}dfl;s cjlwleq k|fKt x'g g;s]]sf]n] z"Go k|ult

^= sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx? != sfo{s|d / clVtof/L ;dodf k|fKt gx'g'

@= z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb| / tflnd s]Gb|df ;dfof]hgf

sf/0f clws[t :t/sf ljifout lj1sf] ckof{Kttf b}lgs sfo{

;~rfngdf k|fljlws sl7gfO -Ps clws[t b'O{ zfvfsf] cj:yf_

#=ljz]if u/L xfn gf} :yfgdf /x]sf tflnd s]Gb -ljutsf]

z}tfs] s_ sf] ef}lts ;+/rgf / xfnsf] 5f]6f] cjlwsf] tflndsf]

sfo{lar tfnd]n x'g g;Sg'

$= 5f]6f] ;dofjlwdf sd{rf/Lsf] ljz]if u/L sfof{no k|d'vsf]

3ælbuf] ljsf;sf nflu u'0f:t/Lo lzIff, ;a}sf nflu ;'/lIft lzIf0f ;+:yfÆ

;?jfsf sf/0f k|yd rf}dfl;sdf ck]lIft sfo{ ;DkGg x'g jfwf

k'usf] . jl/i7 k|lzIfsaf6 lhlzcdf ;?jf ePsf JolSt tTsfn

/dfgf x'g] / lhlzcaf6 jl/i7 k|lzIfsdf ;?jf ePsfsf] xsdf

xflh/ x'g l9nf] ug]{, # dlxg] sfh ;?jfsf sf/0f sd{rf/L

sfd ug{ pTk|]l/t geO ljleGg ts{ljts{ u/]/ sfo{;Dkfbgdf

rf;f] glbg] cflb .

%= lhNnf l:yt tflnd s]Gb|df ;jf/L ;fwgsf] Joj:yfkg gx'Fbf

tflnd kZrft cg'udg tyf k|fljlws ;xfotfdf ck]lIft ?kdf

sfo{;Dkfbgdf sl7gfO x'g] u/]sf] .

^= ljb\ofno If]q ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf ;dodf ;+rflnt l6lk8Lsf]

tflnd ljj/0f xfn;Dd klg ;a} ;|f]t s]Gb / cu'jf ;|f]t

s]Gb|af6 k|fKt x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f clen]v Jojl:yt / j[lTt

ljsf;df hf]8\g sl7gfO ePsf]

&= ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ePsf k|of; • ljefu;Fu ;dGjo u/L tflnd;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{qmd /

clVtof/L z}hljs] af6} k7fpg] sfo{ yfngL ul/Psf] / tflnd ;DkGg x'gf;fy ;f]sf] ljj/0f / k|ltj]bg k7fpg lgb]{zg ul/Psf] . ljutdf ljj/0f k7fpg afFsL lgsfodf ;d]t ljj/0f k7fpg tfs]tf ul//x]sf] .

• ;jf/L ;fwg Joj:yfkg tkm{ o; jif{ ltg cf]6f tflnd s]Gb|df ltg cf]6f uf8L / ltg cf]6f tflnd s]Gb|df df]6/ ;fOsn v/Lbsf] nflu ah]6 Joj:yfkg ePsf] . ljefu dGqfnoaf6 lhNnf lzIff sfof{nodf gofF ;jf/L ;fwgsf] Joj:yf x'g] :yfgsf] k'/fgf] uf8L dd{t u/L qmdzM cGo tflnd s]Gb|df ;d]t k7fpg ;dGjo ul//x]sf] .

• lhNnfdf hgzlSt sd eO{ tflnd ;+rfngdf sl7gfO x'g] cj:yf cfPdf ;dGJfo u/L s]Gb|af6 pknAw ePsf hgzlSt jf lhNnfs} /f]i6/af6 tflnd rnfpg] Joj:yf eO/x]sf] .

• ;a} tflnd s]Gb|sf] k|fyldstf / cfjZostfsf cfwf/df tTsfn tflnd ;+rfngfy{ cTofjZos dd{t ;'wf/ /

pks/0f Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ah]6 / ;f]sf] sfof{Gjogsf] :ki6 lgb]{zg k7fO;lsPsf] .

• tflnd s]Gb|sf] sfo{;Dkfbg Ifdtf / sd{rf/L JoJf:yfkgsf cfwf/df s]xL :yfgsf] ;]jf If]q ;d]t kl/jt{g ul/Psf] .

@= Jojxf/ s'zn l;k ;DaGwL Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{zfnf ;DkGg

z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb| / Technical Assistance for soft skill Nepal, project (TASS) sf] ;+o'St cfof]hgfdf ldlt @)&# ;fn

d+l;/ ! ut] b]lv % ut] ;Dd % lbg] Jojxf/ s'zn l;k ;DaGwL

sfo{zfnf ;~rfng ul/of] . z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb| ;fgf]l7dL,

eStk'/df ;~rflnt sfo{zfnfdf s]Gb|sf pk–lgb]{zs / clws[tx?,

z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb|sf k|lzIfsx?, cu'jf ;|f]t s]Gb|sf k|lzIfsx? /

/fli6«o k/LIff af]8{sf clws[tx? u/L hDdf @% hgfsf] ;xeflutf

/x]sf] lyof] . z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|sf pk–lgb]{zs >L lbg]z

vgfnsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] pb\3f6g ;qdf TASS sf k|d'v k|fljlws

;Nnfxsf/ 8f= e'jgnfn k|wfgn] sfo{zfnfsf] pb\b]Zo / ;d]l6g]

ljifoj:t'x?dfly k|sfz kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] . ljz]if u/L tflnd k|bfos

;+:yfdf sfo{/t clws[tx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu ;~rfng ul/Psf]

pSt sfo{zfnfsf] pb\b]Zo o; k|sf/ /x]sf] lyof]M

• lzIfs tflnd sf];{sf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf l8hfOlgª ug]{,

• tflnd df]8'n / tflnd ;fdu|Lsf] ljsf; ug]{,

• tflnd tyf sIffsf]7fsf] l;sfO k|ls|ofdf ;xhLs/0f ug]{,

tflnd k|bfos ;+:yfdf sfo{/t clws[tx?n] sfo{:yndf ug'{kg]{

sfo{x?nfO{ ;d]6]/ ljifoj:t'sf] lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{zfnfdf

Jojxf/ s'zn l;k ;DaGwL tflndsf ljifoj:t', tflnd ;fdu|Lsf]

ljsf; / ;xhLs/0f l;ksf ljifodf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] .

h;nfO{ National Teacher Training sf lj1 tyf TASS project l:yt lkmgNof08sf cGt/fli6«o lj1x?n] ;xhLs/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

-sfo{zfnfsf ;xefuLx?_ -sfo{zfnfsf ;xefuLx?sf ;fydf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs_

4 ælbuf] ljsf;sf nflu u'0f:t/Lo lzIff, ;a}sf nflu ;'/lIft lzIf0f ;+:yfÆ

#= dfggLo lzIff dGqLåf/f er'{cn sIffsf] cf}krfl/s pb\3f6g

;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] k|of]u tyf pkof]usf] dfWodaf6

ljb\ofno txsf] lzIffdf u'0f:t/ clej[b\lw ug{ ljut jif{x?af6

;/sf/n] ljleGg k|of;x?sf] yfngL u/]sf] 5 . tL k|of;x?dWo]sf]

Pp6f HjnGt gd'gf er{'cn sIff ;~rfng xf] . cl3Nnf] cfly{s

jif{ b]lvsf] lg/Gt/ k|of;kl5 z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|af6

er'{cn sIff ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . oxL k'; @$ ut] dfggLo lzIff

dGqL >L wgL/fd kf}8]n Ho"sf] cf}krfl/s pb\3f6g dGtJo ;lxt

er{'cn sIff ;'? ePsf]5 . o; s]Gb|n] @)&@ ;fnsf] ljgfzsf/L

e"sDkaf6 a9L k|efljt sf7df8f}F pkTosf afx]ssf !! lhNnfx?M

uf]/vf, wflbª, tgx'F, g'jfsf]6, /;'jf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, sfe|]knf~rf]s,

bf]nvf, /fd]5fk, l;Gw'nL / dsjfgk'/sf u/L ! ;o ljb\ofnox?df

xfn Ps};fy ;~rfng sfo{s|d k|ls|of ldnfPsf] 5 . z"Go jf

Go"g ljifo lzIfs ePsf pSt ljb\ofnosf vf;u/L sIff !) sf

ljb\ofyL{x?n] cª\u|]hL, lj1fg / ul0ft ljifosf] k|ToIf k|;fl/t

sIffaf6 cWoog ug{ kfO/x]sf 5g\ . pSt er{'cn sIff pb\3f6g

sfo{s|ddf dfggLo lzIff dGqLn] lbg'ePsf] pb\3f6g dGtJo o;

k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .

;a}nfO{ d]/f] clejfbg 5 Û o; 6]lnlehg sfo{s|ddf ;xefuL

x'g'ePsf tkfO{F ;Dk"0f{ bz{s tyf >f]tf lzIfs Pjd\ ljb\ofyL{

efOalxgLx?, xfdL cfh cfw'lgs lzIffsf] o'udf k|j]z ul/;s]sf

5f}F . o; o'usf] lzIff k|0ffnLsf] k|d'v k|fyldstf eg]sf] ljb\ofno

lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ j[b\lw ug'{ g} xf] . ljb\ofno lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/

ug{ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] cfofdnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug{ clgjfo{

ePsf] 5 . o;} >[ª\vnfsf] Pp6f s8Lsf ?kdf cfh xfdL lzIff

dGqfno cGtu{t /x]sf] z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|sf] >Jo b[Zo

:6'l8of]af6 er'{cn sIffsf] pb\3f6g ug]{ r/0fdf k'u]sf 5f}F .

jf:tjdf, g]kfndf ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv ;/sf/n] u/]sf] v/af}+sf]

nufgL / ;d'bfo tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qsf] xft]dfnf]af6 ljb\ofno pd]/

;d"xsf ;/b/ ;a} cyf{t\ s/La (& k|ltzt afn aflnsfx?nfO{ ljb\

ofno leqofpg ;kmn ePsf 5f}F . o;/L x]bf{ ljb\ofno lzIffdf

pb\3f6g ;df/f]x Ps emns

afn aflnsfsf] kx'Frsf b[li6n] ;kmntfsf] lzv/df k'lu;s]sf] oyf{y

:ki6 g} 5 . tkfO{sf] ljb\ofno j/k/sf] ;d'bfodf klg ;fob

ljb\ofno pd]/ ;d"xsf afn aflnsfx? ckjfb afx]s lzIffsf]

cj;/af6 al~rt /xg' k/]sf] 5}g . d}n] ljZjsf ;d[b\w b]zx?

;/x xfdLn] klg k|fKt u/]sf] o:tf] pknlAwsf] lrq tkfO{x? ;dIf

k|:t't ug{ kfpFbf dnfO{ uf}/jsf] dx;'; ePsf] 5 / tkfO{nfO{

klg o:t} cg'e"lt ePsf] x'g'kb{5 . xfdL olts} ;kmntfdf ;Gtf]if

lnP/ a;]sf eg] cjZo klg 5}gf}+ b]ze/sf ;a} #$ xhf/ ljb\

ofnox?df ljZjJofkL dfkb08sf] u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|fKt ug{ kfpg]

ljb\ofyL{sf] g};lu{s clwsf/ k|Tofe"t ug{ cem} w]/} cw'/f sfd afFsL

5g\ ltgnfO{ k"/f ug{ nfluk/]sf 5f}F . ljb\ofyL{ ;fyLx?, g]kfnL

hgtfsf] P]ltxfl;s alnbfgsf] kl/0ffd :j?k ljs|d ;Djt\ @)&@

;fndf hf/L ul/Psf] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ bfloTTj

jt{dfg ;/sf/n] axg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] o; bfloTTjsf]

Pp6f d'Vo c+z eg]sf] g} u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] ;'lglZrttf xf] . of]

cleef/f k"/f ug{ cfufdL !% jif{sf nflu /fi6«;+3Lo ljZjJofkL

3f]if0ff—lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox? cyf{t\ Sustainable Development Goals nfO{ xfd|f] ;/sf/n] cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] 5 . log} nIox? sfof{Gjogsf nflu ljb\ofno If]q ljsf; of]hgf @)&#—@)&( tof/

u/L nfu" ul/;lsPsf] 5 . tkfO{ lzIfs / ljb\ofyL{ ;fyLx?nfO{ d

of] klg hgsf/L u/fpFb5' ls ;/sf/n] ah]6 aStJo dfkm{t\ @)&@

;fnsf] ljgf;sf/L e"sDkaf6 k|efljt !$ lhNnfx?dWo] pkTosfsf

ltgj6f afx]s !! j6f lhNnfsf !)) j6f ljb\ofnox? 5gf]6

u/L o:tf] ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw cyf{t\ ICT sf dfWodaf6 k|ToIf lzIf0f l;sfO sfo{snfk ;~rfng ug]{ c7f]6 /fv]sf] lyof] .

To;nfO{ d"t{?k lbP/ cfh z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|n] tkfO{sf

ljb\ofnodf h8fg ul/Psf] 6]lnlehg ;]6df cfufdL Ps dlxgfe/

k|To]s lbg slDtdf cFu|]hL, lj1fg / ul0ft ljifosf d'Vo d'Vo

kf7x? lj1 lzIfsx?af6 lzIf0f u/fpg] Joj:yf ldnfPsf] 5 .

o;af6 tkfO{ ljb\ofyL{ efOalxgLnfO{ k"/s 1fg tyf l;sfOsf

ljljw tf}/tl/sf k|bfg ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . o; l6ledf g]kfnsf

5ælbuf] ljsf;sf nflu u'0f:t/Lo lzIff, ;a}sf nflu ;'/lIft lzIf0f ;+:yfÆ

k|ltli7t ljb\ofnox?df sfd ug]{ lzIfsx?n] lzIf0f ug]{ ePsfn]

tkfO{x?n] g]kfndf pknAw /fd|f] lzIf0f ;'lawf kfpg' ePsf] 5 .

h;af6 tkfO{sf] cfTdljZjf; klg j[b\lw x'g] ck]Iff u/]sf] 5' .

;fy} lzIfs ;fyLx?n] o;nfO{ tflndsf cj;/sf ?kdf pkof]u

u/L cfufdL lbgdf lgoldt lzIf0f l;sfO sfo{nfO{ cem k|efjsf/L

agfpg yk ;xhtf k|fKt ug'{ x'g]5 . ;fyLx?, efjL of]hgfsf]

ljifodf eGg' kbf{ ;/sf/n] o;} cfly{s jif{leq b'u{d If]qsf

dfWolds txdf z"Go jf Go"g lzIfs b/aGbL ePsf yk !)) j6f

ljb\ofnox?df o; sfo{s|dnfO{ lj:tf/ u/L hDdf @)) j6f ljb\

ofnonfO{ o:tf] ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] 5 . efOalxgLx?

xfdL oltdf dfq ;Lldt /xg] 5}gf}+ . sfo{s|dsf] k|efj tyf ljb\

ofnosf] tTk/tfsf cfwf/df cfufdL s]xL jif{leq o:tf] sfo{s|dnfO{

cem lj:tf/ ub}{ slDtdf dfWolds txsf ;a} ljifosf ;a} kf7x?

o;/L g} k|ToIf?kdf l6eLaf6 cWofkg ug]{ clg b]ze/sf ;a}

ljb\ofyL{x?nfO{ o; ;'lawfsf] kx'Fr k|bfg ug]{ s7f]/ nIo to

ul/;lsPsf] 5 . oltsf sfdx?df ;Gtf]ifhgs ;kmntf k|fKt ug{

;lsPdf s|dzM z}lIfs 6]lnlehg :6]zg :yfkgf u/L ;dfgfGt/

?kdf ljb\ofno tyf pRr lzIffsf ;a} ljifosf >Jo b[Zo kf7x?

lgoldt ?kdf k|;f/0f Joj:yf ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 . o;af6 ljifout

lzIfs b/aGbL sd ePsf cyjf t'ngfTds ?kdf sdhf]/ ;'ljwf

/x]sf ljb\ofnosf ljb\ofyL{x?n] klg /fli6«o dfkb08sf] lzIf0f

;'ljwf k|fKt ug{ ;Dej x'g]5 .

cGtdf, o; er'{cn lzIf0f cleofgdf ljleGg sf]0faf6 of]ubfg

ug]{ ;a} hgzlSt tyf ljb\ofno Pjd\ ljb\ofyL{x?nfO{ awfO tyf

cfufdLlbgdf ;kmntfsf] nflu z'esfdgf JoSt ub{5' . ;fy} lzIff

dGqLsf ?kdf o; cleofg pk/ d]/f] klg pRr k|ltab\wtf /xG5 .

;a}nfO{ wGojfb .

$= gjk|j]zL clws[tx?sf nflu ;]jf k|j]z tflnd ;DkGg

z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|n] lzIff ;]jf, /f=k=t[tLo >]0fLsf gj

k|j]zL clws[t sd{rf/Lx?sf nflu #) sfo{lbg] ;]jf k|j]z tflnd

;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ldlt @)&# d+l;/ ( ut] cf}krfl/s ?kdf lzIff

/fHo dGqL >L wgdfof lj=s= vgfnåf/f pb\3f6g u/L tflnd

sfo{s|d ;'? ul/Psf] lyof] . pSt tflndnfO{ lzIff dGqfnon] a9L

dxTTj lbPsf]df ;xefuLx? a9L g} pT;flxt b]lvPsf lyP . @$

hgf ;xefuL /x]sf] pSt tflnd pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf lzIff ;lrj

>L zfGt axfb'/ >]i7, lzIff ljefusf dxflgb]{zs >L afa'/fd kf}8]n,

/fli6«o kl/Iff af]8{sf ;b:o ;lrj >L ;"o{k|;fb uf}td / o;

s]Gb|sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L b]j s'df/L u'/fufO{Fsf] klg ul/dfdo

pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . lzIff /fHo dGqL >L wgdfof lj=s= vgfnn]

sDKo'6/sf] la a6d lyr]/ pb\3f6g ug'{ ePsf] pSt sfo{s|ddf

s]Gb|sf z}lIfs Joj:yfkg tflnd zfvfsf k|d'v >L ofdgf/fo0f

l3ld/]n] :jfut dGtJosf s|ddf cltly tyf ;xefuLx?nfO{ :jfut

ub}{ gj cfuGt's ;fyLx?nfO{ xf};nf k|bfg ug{ /fHo dGqL nufot

pRr txaf6 tflnd pb\3f6gdf pkl:ylt Pltxfl;s ePsf] eGb}

;f]sf] nflu xflb{s cfef/ JoSt ug'{ eof] . ;f] s|ddf tflndsf]

dxTTj bzf{pb} tflndn] ;]jfu|fxLsf] ck]Iff, ;+:yfsf] pb\b]Zo tyf

;]jf lbg] / lng] lar dWo:ytf u/fpg] / cfkm"n] lbg] ;]jfaf6

;+t'i6 /xgsf nflu klg db\bt ug]{ atfpg' eof] .

of]hgf tyf sfo{s|d zfvfsf k|d'v >L lzjs'df/ ;fksf]6fn] o;

k|sf/sf] tflndn] sfd ;Fu kl/lrt u/fpg] ePsf]n] tkfO{x?af6

lzIff dGqfnon] h; kfj;\ eGb} tflnd kZrft ;xefuLnfO{

sfo{If]qdf sfdsf] cfofd sfdsf] kof{j/0f tyf s'g} klg sfd

leq cfkm\gf] e"ldsf vf]Hg] Ifdtf ljsf; x'g] ck]Iff /flvPsf] s'/f

atfpg' eof] . o:t} u/L cfkm" sfd ug]{ ;+:yfsf] sfo{ ;+:s[lt,

k/Dk/f, Jojxf/af6, cjnf]sg, cEof; cflbaf6 cfkm\gf] r]tgf

psf:g], cfkm\gf] Ifdtfdf a9f]Tt/L ug]{ s'/f tflnd leq ;d]l6Psf]

s'/f :ki6 kfg'{ eof] .

;f] pb\3f6g sfo{s|ddf lzIff ljefusf dxflgb]{zsn] ;fd'bflos

-tflnd pb\3f6gsf]s|ddf dfglgo lzIff /fHodGqL, lzIff ;lrj / cGo ljlzi6 JolQmTjx?_

6 ælbuf] ljsf;sf nflu u'0f:t/Lo lzIff, ;a}sf nflu ;'/lIft lzIf0f ;+:yfÆ

lzIffsf ;DaGwdf y'k|} k|Zgx? p7]sf 5g\ To;sf nflu axfnjfnf

dGqL b]lv xfdL ;a} lhDd]jf/ JolSt 5f}+ / ca tL k|Zgsf] pTt/

lbg] x}l;ot / Ifdtf tkfO{x?n] ljsf; ug'{ k5{ . tkfO{x?sf]

sfo{If]qdf sfd ug]{ cf6, ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ tf}/ tl/sf o;

tflnd af6 l;Sg' x'g]5 . o; tflndaf6 tkfO{nfO{ of] b]zdf ;lrj

dGqL agfpg] dfG5] xfdL xf}F eg]/ pRr dgf]an ldNg] 5 eGg] ljrf/

JoSt ug'{eof] .

;f] ;df/f]xdf /fli6«o k/LIff af]8{sf ;b:o ;lrjn] gj k|j]zL

;fyLx?nfO{ awfO lbb} sfo{:yfgdf k"0f{ ;kmntfsf] sfdgf JoSt

ug"{eof] . lzIffdf ;xL ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L /fVg, lzIff P]g lgodsf]

kl/kfngf u/fpg], kf7\os|dsf] k|efjsfl/tf, lzIfs Joj:yfkg, ljb\

ofno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g nufot /fli6«o k/LIff af]8{sf] sfddf

klg tkfO{x?sf] e"ldsf /xg] / lzIff If]qdf cfPsf gofF vfnsf

d'b\bf ;+af]wg ug{ sDtLdf @ jif{ Pp6f lhNnfdf a;]/ sfd ug{

klg ;'emfpg' eof] .

o; tflnd sfo{s|dnfO{ a8f] k|fyldstf lbg' ePsf lzIff ;lrjn]

;xefuLx?nfO{ lghfdlt ;]jfdf xflb{s :jfut ub}{ cfkm\gf] Oltxf;

;+lemb} eGg' eof] d}n] cfkm" pk;lrj x'g] a]nfdf dfq dGqfnosf]

;lrj b]v]sf] lyP . of] cj;/sf] dtnj tkfO{x?af6 a9L cfzf

ul/Psf] 5 . u'0f:t/Lo pTkfbg d"ns hgzlSt pTkfbg x'g

;s]dfq d'n'ssf] cfly{s ljsf; ;+ej 5 . ;f] sfo{df dxTTjk"0f{

e"ldsf ljb\ofno lg/LIfssf] /xg' k5{ eGb} xfdL cem} klg % jif{

cufl8s} cj:yfdf 5f}F lsgls Tof] a]nf xfdL h:t} ePsf d'n'sn]

w]/} k|utL ul/;s]sf 5g\ To;}n] kl/jt{g afWotfj; klg ug'{ k5{ .

;+ljwfgn] ;+3Lo k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf u/]sf], To;df y'k|} r'gf}tL

ePsf] / Tof] kl/jt{gsf] ;+jfxs tkfO{ xfdL aGg' k5{ . casf]

;dodf tkfO{x?nfO{ s;/L alnof] agfpg] s'/f lzIff dGqfnon]

;f]r]sf] 5 . of] tflnd dfq ;a}yf]s geP/ cfkm"n] lg/Gt/ cWoog,

cg';Gwfg / cfljisf/ ug]{ ug'{k5{ . z}lIfs z';f;g Nofpg]df

tkfO{x?sf] dxTTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 eGg'eof] .

pSt sfo{s|dsf k|d'v cltly dfggLo lzIff /fHodGqLn] cfkm\gf]

dGtJo lb+b} eGg' eof] – ætkfO{x? gofF hf]; lnP/ sfo{If]qdf uP/

To;nfO{ b]vfpg] h'g cfzf af]Sg' ePsf] 5 ToxL cg';f/ ;DalGwt

7fpFdf uP/ ToxL cg';f/sf] e"ldsf lgefpg' xf]nf . tkfO{x? ;fd'

cj;/ / r'gf}tL b'j} 5g\ . b]zsf &% j6f lhNnf dWo] hxfF uP

klg cfkm"n] s]xL ug'{k5{ eGg] efjgf lnP/ hfg'eof] eg] r'gf}tL lrg{

tkfO{ ;kmn x'g'x'g]5 . tkfO{sf] kfnfdf s]xL /rgfTds sfdsf]

;'?jft u/f}+ . tkfO{+x? b'u{d lk5l8Psf] 7fFpdf hfg tof/ x'g'xf];,

s]xL u/]/ b]vfpg] efjgf /fVg'xf]; lzIff dGqfnon] tkfO{x?af6

oxL cfzf u/]sf] 5 .Æ

pSt sfo{s|ddf cWoIftf ug'{ ePsf o; s]Gb|sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn]

clGtd jStfsf] ?kdf cfkm\gf] dGtJo lbFb} ;a} ;xefuLx?nfO{

awfO tyf :jfut ug'{eof] . pxfFn] #) sfo{lbg] o; tflndn]

;xefuLx?nfO{ sfo{If]qdf /fd|f] ;xof]u k'Ug] ljZjf; lnPsf] /

tflnd kZrft ;xefuLx?nfO{ Business plan klg agfP/ k7fOg]

atfpg' eof] . sfo{ If]qdf ;To tYodf cfwfl/t eP/ sfd ug{ /

lg0f{o ubf{ cfwf/ x]/]/ dfq lg0f{o ug{ ;'emfj lbg' eof] .

pSt tflnd oxL kf}if !& ut] cf}krfl/s ?kdf ;dfkg ul/of] .

;dfkg dGtJodf ;xefuL jStfx?n] Friendly jftfj/0fdf tflnd

;~rfng, ;xefuLsf] ;ls|o ;xefuLtf, ;xhstf{sf] vfl/Psf]

k|lzIf0f ePsf] wf/0ff JoSt ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;dfkg ;df/f]xsf

d'Vo cltly Pj+ lzIff dGqfnosf ;x ;lrj >L xl/ k|;fb

a:ofnn] ;xefuLx?nfO{ z'esfdgf lbFb} lzIffdf /fHon] u/]sf]

nufgL ;xL ;b'kof]u ePsf] 5 ls 5}g To;sf] klxrfg lbnfpg]

Real actor ljb\ofno lg/LIfs ePsf] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] . ;f]xL

sfo{s|dsf] cWoIftf ug'{ePsf s]Gb|sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] tflnddf

l;s]sf 1fg l;knfO{ sfo{If]qdf e/k'/ pkof]u ub}{ u'0f:t/ ;lxt

:j/f]huf/ x'g]u/L ljb\ofyL{sf] l;sfO pknlAw j[b\lwdf hf]8 lbg'kg]{

wf/0ff /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .

-tflnd ;dfkg sfo{j|mddf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs ;lxt ljlzi6 JolStTjx?_-;dfkg sfo{j|mddf tflndsf ;xefuLx?_

7ælbuf] ljsf;sf nflu u'0f:t/Lo lzIff, ;a}sf nflu ;'/lIft lzIf0f ;+:yfÆ

-dfglgo lzIff dGqL wlg/fd kf}8]nnfO{ :jfut ub}{ sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs_ -tflndsf ;xefuLx?sf ;fydf dfglgo lzIff dGqL_

ldlt @)&# ;fn k'; @$ ut] cfOtaf/ b]lv o; s]Gb|n] lzIff ;]jf,

/f=k= låtLo >]0fLsf clws[tx?sf nflu #) sfo{lbg] ;]jfsfnLg

tflnd ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sfo{ynf]df uO{ ;]jf

k|jfx ug{ ;lhnf] agfpg lzIff dGqfno cGtu{tsf sfof{nox? /

sfo{s|dx?sf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] / ;xefuLx?df ;do ;fk]If ;}b\

wflGts, k|of]ufTds tyf k|fljlws l;kx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ o; tflndsf]

d'Vo pb\b\]Zo /x]sf] 5 . pSt tflnd sfo{s|dnfO{ dfggLo lzIff dGqL

wgL/fd kf}8]nn] cf}krfl/s ?kdf pb\3f6g ug'{eof] .

tflndsf] k|d'v cfltYotf u|x0f ug'{ ePsf lzIff dGqL kf}8]nn] cfkm\

gf] pb\3f6g dGtJodf tflnd JolStsf] j[lTt ljsf;sf] nflu dfq

geP/ cfhsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;dfh ?kfGt/0fsf] sf/s aGg

;Sg' k5{ eGb} ;xefuLn] tflndaf6 l;s]sf l;kn] hgtfsf] u'0f:t/Lo

lzIff k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;sf];\ eGg] z'esfdgf

lbg'eof] . o;} sfo{s|ddf pkl:yt lgldTt lzIff ;lrj >L l8NnL/fd

l/dfnn] pb\3f6g dGtJo lbb} tflndn] a9'jfsf] nflu dfq ;xof]u

k'¥ofpg] xf]Og sfd ug]{ kb\wltdf ;'wf/ ug]{ / Jojxf/df kl/jt{g x'g]

cj;/ lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ eGg' eof] . ;f]xL s|ddf /fli6«o k/LIff af]8{sf

;b:o ;lrj >L ;"o{ k|;fb uf}tdn] tflndn] j[lTt ljsf;sf ;fy;fy}

;+:yfsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg r':t b'?:t lsl;dn] ug]{ kIfdf ;d]t ;xof]u

ug'{ kb{5 eGg] dGtJo JoSt ug'{eof] . o; s]Gb|sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

>L b]j s'df/L u'/fufO{Fn] cWoIftf ug'{ ePsf] pSt tflnd pb\3f6g

sfo{s|ddf s]Gb|sf pk lgb]{zs >L lzj s'df/ ;fksf]6fn] :jfut

dGtJo lbg' ePsf] lyof] . tflnddf lzIff dGqfno, /fli6«o k/LIff af]8{

/ dGqfno dftxt lgsfodf sfo{/t @@ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 .

^= er'{cn sIff ;~rfng

cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|sf nflu

er'{cn sIff ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{qmd :jLs[t ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL jif{

e"sDk clt k|efljt pkTosf afx]ssf !! lhNnf -wflbª, g'jfsf]6,

uf]/vf, dsjfgk'/, sfe|], l;Gw'kfNrf]s, bf]nvf, cf]vn9'ª\uf, l;Gw'nL,

/;'jf / /fd]5fk_ sf !)) cf]6f ljb\ofno 5gf]6 u/L pks/0f h8fg

nufotsf sfo{x? ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f]xL adf]lhd o; cfly{s

jif{df z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|df :yflkt :6'l8of]af6 k|ToIf

lzIf0fsf] sfo{ k'; @$ af6 ;'? ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{sf] tof/Lsf

nflu ul/Psf r/0fut lqmofsnfkx? lgDg adf]lhd 5g\ M

!= c+u|]hL, ul0ft / lj1fg ljifosf] ljifout kf7 gS;fª\sg

sfo{zfnfaf6 k|To]s ljifodf #)÷#) cf]6f kf7sf] 5gf]6 ul/Psf]

lyof] . ;f] sfo{ lhNnf lzIff sfof{noaf6 k|fKt lzIfsx?sf] lj1

;"rLdWo]af6 5flgPsf lzIfsx?n] u/]sf lyP . kf7sf] 5gf]6

sfo{ sIff !) sf] cGTodf ;~rfng x'g] k/LIffnfO{ nlIft ul/Psf]

lyof] .

@= gS;fª\sg sfo{zfnfaf6 tof/ kfl/Psf] kf7x?sf] ;"rL adf]lhd

;DalGwt lzIfsx?sf] ;xeflutfdf kf7 of]hgf tof/L sfo{zfnf

;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . ;DalGwt lzIfsx?n] tof/ kf/]sf

kf7of]hgfdf ;f]xL ljifo ;d"xsf lzIfsx?sf] k[i7kf]if0f k|fKt

u/L kf7 of]hgf kl/dfh{g u/L clGtd ?k tof/ kfl/Psf] lyof] .

#= clGtdLs/0f u/]sf kf7 of]hgf adf]lhd :6'l8of] lzIf0fdf cEof;

ug{sf nflu k|To]s ljifodf #÷# lbgsf] l/x;{n sfo{zfnf ;d]t

;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . To:tf] l/x;{ndf ;d]t ;DalGwt

ljifosf lj1 / cGo lzIfsaf6 ;'emfj k|fKt u/L lzIfsx?n]

kf7 of]hgfnfO{ clGtd ?k k|bfg u/]sf lyP .

$= dflysf lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng u/L k|To]s lbg c+u|]hL, ul0ft

/ lj1fg ljifosf #) ldg]6sf #) cf]6f kf7x? lzIf0fsf] sfo{

@)&# ;fn k'; @$ ut]af6 ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

er{'cn sIff x]g]{ / k[i7kf]if0f lbg] ;DaGwdf z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf;

s]Gb|sf] z}lIfs /]l8of] sfo{qmdaf6 ;"rgf ;d]t hf/L ul/Psf]

lyof] . ;a} !)) cf]6f ljb\ofnodf k|ToIf lzIf0f x]g]{ sfo{sf]

;'lglZrttfsf nflu z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|sf OlGhlgo/

nufotsf] 6f]nLn] k|To]s lhNnfdf pks/0f ;]6ck nufotsf

sfo{sf nflu ! sDKo'6/ lzIfs jf k|wfgfWofkssf nflu ! lbg]

sfo{zfnf ;d]t cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . cfufdL j}zfvb]lv gofF

kf7\oqmd nfu" x'g] ePsfn] xfn ;~rflnt sIffx?df sIff !) sf]

clGtd k/LIffdf ;xefuL x'g] ljb\ofyL{x?nfO{ nlIft u/L k/LIff

s]lGb|t ljifoj:t' lzIf0f ul/Psf] 5 .

%= /f=k= låtLo >]0fLsf clws[tx?sf] ;]jfsfnLg tflnd ;~rfng

8 ælbuf] ljsf;sf nflu u'0f:t/Lo lzIff, ;a}sf nflu ;'/lIft lzIf0f ;+:yfÆ

z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/ .

kmf]g g+= )!–^^#*!%@, )!–^^#!@*&, )!–^^#!#&@, )!–^^#)&^^, )!–^^#*!%), )!–^^#)$^%km\ofS; M )!–^^#)!(#, )!–^^#!$*^

Od]n M nced@nced.gov.np, info@nced.gov.np

j]e;fO6 M www.nced.gov.np

z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb| cGtu{tsf z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb|x? / lhNnf lzIff sfof{nox?af6 ldlt @)^^ ;fnb]lv l6lk8L tflnd ;~rfng x'“b} cfPsf] / ltg cf]6f df]8'n k'/f u/]kl5 PsLs[t k|df0fkq ljt/0f ug]{ k|fjwfgcg';f/ ltg cf]6} df]8'n k'/f u/]sf lzIfsx?n] k|df0fkqsf] dfu ;d]t ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf o; s]Gb|n] k|fylds txsf] xsdf lhNnf lzIff sfof{noaf6 k|dfl0ft eOcfPsf] ljj/0f -xf8{ skL / ;k\m6 skL_ / df=lj= lg=df=lj= txsf] xsdf z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb|af6 k|dfl0ft eOcfPsf] ljj/0f -xf8{ skL / ;km\6 skL_ cg';f/ z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|n] k|df0fkq g+= sfod u/L ;DalGwt z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb|df k7fpg] / PsLs[t k|df0fkq z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb|af6 ljt/0f ul/g] x'“bf ;DalGwt lhNnf lzIff sfof{no / z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb|x?n] ltg cf]6} df]8'n k'/f u/]sf lzIfsx?sf] ljj/0f o; s]Gb|af6 pknAw u/fOPsf] kmDof{6 -9f“rf cg';f/_ k|dfl0ft u/L oyf;L3| o; s]Gb|df pknAw u/fO{ k|df0fkq ljt/0fdf ;xhtf sfod u/fOlbg' x'g ;a}sf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu of] ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 .

z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|tflnd k|df0fLs/0f zfvf

;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/

j|m=; af/ xKtf ljifoj:t'l:j|mK6 ;ª\Vof

! d+unaf/ klxnf] !_ ;d;fdlos z}lIfs ultljlw ;d]l6Psf] ;dfrf/d"ns hfgsf/L

!!

bf];|f] !_ lzIfs tyf ljb\ofyL{ ;xof]usf nflu ljifout sfo{j|md -sIff !) sf ^ cf]6f clgjfo{ ljifox? j|mdzM cª\u|]hL, ul0ft, lj1fg / ;fdflhssf #÷# cf]6f / g]kfnL / :jf:Yo hg;ª\Vof tyf jftfj/0f lzIffsf @÷@ cf]6f

@_ c;n cEof; ;d]l6Psf] :ynut /]l8of] l/kf]{6

!^

$

t];|f] !_ ;d;fdlos z}lIfs ultljlw ;d]l6Psf] ;dfrf/d"ns hfgsf/L

!!

rf}yf] !_ z}lIfs of]hgf ÷sfo{j|md ÷lzIff ;DaGwL P]g lgodfjnL÷ lgb{]lzsf÷sfo{ljlw / sfof{Gjog k'l:tsf cflb ;DaGwL hfgsf/L

!)

hDdf %@

j|m=; af/ xKtf ljifoj:t'l:j|mK6 ;ª\Vof

@ zlgaf/ klxnf] lzIff ;DaGwL Theme Base gf6s÷ 5nkmn

!@

bf];|f] !_ kl/;+jfb÷ cGtjf{tf{

@_ d]u]lhg 9fFrfdf cfwfl/t n]v /rgf, n3" gf6s, 5nkmn Pjd\ Field Report ;d]t / ;|f]tf k|ltlj|mof tyf lh1f;f

#_ ;fdflhs ;fF:s[lts kj{ ljz]if gf6s÷ 5nkmn -bz}+, ltxf/, xf]nL / gofF jif{_

&

%

$

t];|f] lzIff ;DaGwL Theme Base gf6s÷ 5nkmn

!@

rf}yf] !_ cleefjs ;r]tgfd"ns gf6s÷ 5nkmn÷n]v /rgf

@_ lzIfs k|Zgf]Tt/ sfo{j|md

!@

hDdf %@s'n hDdf !)$

&= z}lIfs hgzlSt ljsf; s]Gb|, ;fgf]l7dLsf] z}lIfs /]l8of] sfo{j|md k|;f/0f tflnsf

cf=j @)&#÷&$

l6lk8L tflndsf] PsLs[t k|df0fkq ljt/0f ;DaGwL ;"rgf