1. 053 Steam Locomotive Electric Locomotive Diesel-Electric Locomotive Rail Car Semaphore Signal Color Light Signal Cab Signal & Ballast Crosstie Rail Rail Fasteni- ngs

2. 054 Turn1 12 1 out 1.435m 1.435m 1.435m vs.Block Blocking 3. 055 time intervalspace interval 12communication block system staff and3 ticket system tokenless4 block system 4. 056 5 6 Centralized Traffic Control,CTCCTC Automatic Train Warning/ 1Automatic Train Stop, ATW/ ATS 2 3 Automatic Train Operation ; ATO Automatic Train SupervisionATS Automatic Train ProteotionAutomatic Train Control4 Systom ; ATC ATP ATS/ATP/ATOAutomatic Train OperationATO 5. 057 vs. vs. 6. 058 vs. Productivity QLC Q L C Line Capacity Loading Coefficient PV=CVV PL=NPVLine Capacity 7. 059Loading Coefficient CTC C (1 4 4 0 /( t 1 t 2 ) / 2 S ) f1 f 2 C (1440 / T) f1 f 2 2 C (1440 / T S) f1 f 2 f3 2 C/ C/ C/ t1f1 T t2 f2 S S T f1f1 f2 f2 f3CTC 200 Km 1959 1964 10 Tokaido Shinkasen 210 Km/hr1996 1800 8. 0601976 1981 9 TGVTraina Grande Vitesse270 Km/hr1996 1280 Km1988 1991 10 ICE, Inter City Experimental 280 Km/hr1996 430 Km 1992 4 AVEAlta Velocidad Espanola 300 km/hr TGV ICE 471 Km 200 km/hr 2 TGV 515 Km/hr SKS700 400 16 1324 3 1998 6 4 1/41974 1989 1992 2003 5 90 1997 9 25 1998 5 1998 7 23 1999 7 2007 Buil 7 d-Oper ate-Tra 3 nsfer, 1.435 BOT 350 800 4 7 8 9. 061Magnetic Levitation, Maglev 1-10 Shunting 10. 062 65/ 1 3 2 1 1 11. 063 2 12. 064 122125 122122-2 150 1 122-3 13. 065 122-4 1 4 13 16 122 2 1 2 3 7 122-5 122-6 14. 066 1 122-7 122-8 123 125 1 1 2 1 1 15. 067Spike >Ballast 1530 16. 0681 94 A affecting factor A A A A Line Capacity 17. 069 2 94 ABC ABC time interval space interval 18. 070 3 94 A affecting factor A A A A 25 400m 5 400800m510 4 resistanceslineresistancetrain resistance grade resistancecurve resistance97 ABC ABC 19. 071 5 95 ABC ABC AB C A 20. 072 ABC ABC A vs.