英文 鐵路.公路考試專用-國民營考試學儒

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第一章 noun 3 名詞 NOUN 可數名詞 普通名詞: a table, two dogs, three books, etc. 集合名詞: class, committee, family, team, etc. *集合名詞的形狀儘管為單數,但卻有使用單數及複數的時候。 His family is large. 他的家庭是大家族。(集合體為 1 單位) There are five families in this apartment. 這棟公寓住著 5 個家庭。 His family are all well. 他的家庭成員都過得不錯。(集合體的每一個) 不可數名詞 物質名詞: money, coffee, gold, water, milk, etc. Would you like to have some coffee? 你要喝咖啡嗎? I don’t have any money. 我沒有錢。 *物質名詞不能直接與數詞連用。表示數量時,在數詞與物質名詞之間要有 量詞(Classifiers),例如: two cups of tea, three loaves of bread, a jar of apple juice, a bar of soap, three pieces of luggage.

Transcript of 英文 鐵路.公路考試專用-國民營考試學儒

Page 1: 英文 鐵路.公路考試專用-國民營考試學儒

第一章 名 詞noun

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名詞NOUN

可數名詞

普通名詞:

a table, two dogs, three books, etc.

集合名詞:

class, committee, family, team, etc.

*集合名詞的形狀儘管為單數,但卻有使用單數及複數的時候。

例:His family is large.

他的家庭是大家族。(集合體為 1 單位)

例:There are five families in this apartment.

這棟公寓住著 5 個家庭。

例:His family are all well.

他的家庭成員都過得不錯。(集合體的每一個)

不可數名詞

物質名詞:

money, coffee, gold, water, milk, etc.

例:Would you like to have some coffee?

你要喝咖啡嗎?

例:I don’t have any money.

我沒有錢。

*物質名詞不能直接與數詞連用。表示數量時,在數詞與物質名詞之間要有

量詞(Classifiers),例如:

two cups of tea, three loaves of bread, a jar of apple juice, a bar of soap, three

pieces of luggage.

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第壹篇 各種詞類的文法解析English

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抽象名詞:

kindness, beauty, friendship, happiness, etc.

例:She shows him much kindness.

她對他表示很大的善意。

例:She had great beauty in her youth.

她年輕時非常漂亮。

專有名詞:

人名如 John, Mary;時間如 Christmas, September, Sunday;地名如 America,

New York;其他如 Bank of Taiwan, Boston University, etc.

例:I Saw Prof. Freddy last week.

上星期我見到 Freddy 教授。

名詞的所有格

人或動物的所有格,我們用-’s 表示,如 the girl’s , the horse’s。

對於東西、概念,我們用 of,如 the door of the house, the cover of the book。

複數名詞後,在 s 後加一個省略符號,如 the Wongs’ garden, the girls’

school。

名詞的複數形

規則變化:

cats, desks, teachers, boxes, dishes, cities, etc.

不規則變化:

man-men, sheep-sheep, deer-deer(單複數同形),child-children, mouse

-mice(老鼠),foot-feet, ox-oxen(牛),phenomenon-phenomena(現

象),analysis-analyses(分析),knife(刀)-knives;etc.

特殊複數形:

basis(基礎)-bases

crisis(危機)-crises

looker-on(旁觀者)-lookers-on

passer-by(行人)-passers-by

son-in-law(女婿)-sons-in-law

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第一章 名 詞noun

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editor-in-chief(主編)-editors-in-chief

belief(信仰)-beliefs

roof(屋頂)-roofs

單複數不同義

wood(木材) woods(森林)

cloth(布) clothes(衣服)

good(好處) goods(貨物)

letter(字母) letters(字母;文學)

mean(中間) means(手段;財富)

custom(習俗) customs(海關)

spectacle(光景) spectacles(眼鏡)

manner(舉止) manners(禮貌)

paper(紙) papers(文件)

glass(玻璃) glasses(眼鏡)

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第壹篇 各種詞類的文法解析English

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EXAMINATIONQUESTION BAN本章測驗題庫

He had to carry ______ from his house to the station.

much luggage many luggage three pieces of luggages

so many luggages

:他必須從家裏帶許多行李到車站。

luggage 為不可數名詞,故用 much/little/plenty of/a lot of

/a piece of。

My sister bought three ______ of stockings yesterday.

cakes pairs pieces sheets

:我姊姊昨天買了三雙長襪。

襪子用雙來做單位,其他還有 shoes/ trousers/chopsticks/

gloves/scissors。

“Whose shoes are these?” “They’re ______.”

of Tom of Tom’s Tom’s Toms’

:「這些鞋子是誰的?」「是湯姆的。」

Tom’s shoes,shoes 可省略。

There ______ at the piano recital.

were a lot of audience was much audience were many

audiences was a large audience

:鋼琴獨奏會上有許多觀眾。

audience 為集合名詞,一個集合體時應作單數用。

She went into the ______ and bought a lot of bread.

dentist’s butcher’s chemist’s baker’s

:她到麵包店裏買了一條麵包。

baker’s(shop),凡表公共的地方可省略 store/school/church。

What ______ you talk!

a nonsense nonsense nonsenses the nonsense

:你胡扯什麼。

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nonsense 為不可數 N,故不加 s 及 a,friendship/success/

pleasure/courage,也是不可數名詞。

I saw a traffic ______ on my way to school this morning.

accident affair damage danger

:今天早上,我去學校途中目擊了一起交通事故。

After ten ______ absence he returned home as if he were another

person.

year’s year years years’

:十年後,他變了個人似的回了家。

複數名詞字尾有 s 則所有格為-s’,例:a girls’ school(一所女

子學校)。

It is natural that the ______ of people prefer peace to war.

number lots minority majority

:這是很自然的,大多數的人喜好和平甚於戰爭。

大多數(majority)之前需加 the。

I don’t know why he has such bad ______.

motion manner act manners

:我不知道他的禮貌如此差。

manner 可當方法,manners 禮貌、規矩。

My mother bought a ______ of gloves for me.

piece pair set couple

:母親買了一雙手套給我。

a glass of(一杯的)/a set of(一組的)/a series of(一系列

的)/a couple of(一對的)。

“What are you cleaning up?” “The______.”

soups spoon spoons soup spoon soups soup spoons

:「你在清理什麼?」「湯匙。」

N1+N2 的合成字,N1 修飾 N2,故 N1 用單數,grocery store(雜

貨店)/notebook computer(筆記型電腦)/crime rate(犯罪

率)。

Could you lend me ______?

a few dollars little dollars a small money little money

:你能借我幾塊錢嗎?

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dollar 與 buck 一樣為可數名詞,可用 many/a number of/few

/a few/some/lots of/a lot of/plenty of 來形容。

My father never gave me ______.

many advice much advice many advices a lot

advices

:我父親從未給我許多忠告。

以下為抽象 N 且不可數 N,information(資訊)/evidence(證

據)/intelligence(情報)/percent(百分比)/knowledge(知

識)。

“May I help you?” “Yes, I would like nine ______.”

can of coffee beans can coffee beans cans coffee beans

cans of coffee beans

:「我能為你效勞嗎?」「可以,我想要 9 罐咖啡豆。」

I am on speaking ______ with his younger brother.

relation terms relationship friendship

:我和你弟弟的關係不錯。

on speaking terms 指關係友好。

I want to make ______ with your sister.

firend a firend the firend friends

:我想和你姊姊做朋友。

make friends with…「與…交友」表相互關係時,使用複數形態。

I bought three ______.

furnitures pieces of furniture pieces of furnitures

piece of furnitures

:我買了三張傢俱。

furniture「傢俱」為單數形的集合名詞,在表示量時用 much, little,

some 等。表示個數時則用 a piece of,其他如 luggage, poetry,

scenery, clothing, mail, equipment, machinery, jewelry, weaponry,

personnel, merchandise 等也是單數形集合名詞。

We had ______.

fun many funs much fun funny

:我們玩得很開心。

fun「有趣」為抽象名詞,例:It was great fun to play in the park.

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We had ______ today.

a nice weather nice weather the nice weather

weather nice

:今天天氣很好。

weather「天氣」為不可數名詞,故不加 a。但 climate「氣候」

則為可數名詞。自然現象的字,如 lighting(閃電)/thunder

(雷)/electricity(電)/energy(能源)/heat(熱氣),皆

為不可數名詞。

You ought to take every ______ to improve your English.

case chance thing time

:你必須抓住每一個機會來促進你的英文能力。

chance=opportunity,every+單 N。

I watched a wrestling ______ on TV last night.

fight game match sport

:昨晚,我看摔角比賽的電視節目。

match(名詞)=競賽、比賽。

I took some medicine but it didn’t have any ______.

answer cause effect work

:我有吃藥,但是沒什麼效果。

affect(影響)為動詞;effect=influence(效用)為名詞。

My cousin found a job with the ______ of his father.

ability aid power violence

:我的表弟經由他父親的幫助找到了工作。

At last we got ______ of our friend after trying to telephone many

times.

catch hold hand own

:我們試著打了許多通電話後,終於與朋友聯絡上了。

hold→通電話之意。

The Star Supermarket was very successful this year because it was

so popular among its ______.

guests customers audience visitors

:因為受到顧客的喜愛,星星超商今年生意很成功。

customers:商人的顧客。

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第壹篇 各種詞類的文法解析English

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Our school is within thirty ______ walk of Taipei Station.

minute minutes minutes’ minute’s

:從台北車站走到我們學校在 30 分鐘以內。

within A of B:從 B 在 A 以內。

She was almost killed. The car missed her by a hair’s ______.

width length breadth height

:一髮之差,她差點成為輪下冤魂。

a hair-breadth:千鈞一髮。

The shepherd trained the dog to look after his ______ of sheep.

flock pack herd collection

:牧羊人訓練狗來看管他的羊群。

a flock of(指飛禽、牲畜類)/a herd of(畜群、牧群)/a pack

of(狼群、狗群)/a school of(魚群)

Did he help build ______ new house?

his son’s-in-law his son’s-in-law’s his son-in-law’s his

son-in-law

:他曾幫助他的女婿蓋新房子嗎?

複合名詞的複數形在其主要語處需加 s,所有格的語尾需加’s,

※somebody else’s umbrella(別人的傘)。

______ clothing is needed in cold weather.

Many A number of Lot of Much

:冷天時需要大量衣服。

clothing(衣服)為集合名詞,需用單數。

All my family ______ businessmen.

are is am do

:我們全家人都是生意人。

family 當「家人」時為複數,當「家庭」則為單數。

Mr. Lin is a great scientist; we may call him ______ Edison.

X a an the

:林先生是大科學家,我們可稱他是個愛迪生。

a/an+有名的專有名詞,像~的人或物或地方。

These windows are made of ______.

glass glasses the glasses a glass

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:這些窗戶是玻璃做的。

glass 作「玻璃」是物質名詞,不可數亦不置冠詞。

He gave me ______ evening paper.

a an X a spoonful

:他給我一份晚報。

paper 作報紙=newspaper 為可數。

The tailor cut the cloth with a ______.

set of TV pair of trousers pair of scissors slice of

bread

:裁縫師用剪刀剪布。

scissors(剪刀)、trousers(褲子)、compasses(圓規)等之計

算單位是 a pair of~。

I put a ______ into the soup.

piece of advice gallon of gasoline spoonful of salt

flock of sheep

:我放一匙的鹽在湯內。

一個勸告;一加侖汽油;一群羊。

Your plan is ______.

use with useless of no useful of no use

:你的計畫沒用。

of no use=useless;沒用的。

Mr. Smith and Mr. Brown are ______ fathers.

Tom and Mary’s Tom’s and Mary Tom and Mary

Tom’s and Mary’s

:史密斯先生和布朗先生分別是湯姆和瑪莉的父親。

兩個名詞共有,則第二個名詞加’s;分別所有,則個別加’s。

Have you read ______ yet?

the paper of today the paper of today’s today’s paper

today paper

:你今天看報紙了嗎?

度量衡、時間、價值單位的名詞,所有格是~’s。

※ twenty miles’ journey(二十英里的行程)/ three pounds’

weight(三磅重)/ten dollars’ worth of sugar(十塊錢的糖)。

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第壹篇 各種詞類的文法解析English

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第二章 代名詞pronoun

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代名詞PRONOUN

人稱代名詞

稱 數

主格 受格 所有格所有格

代名詞

單數 I me my mine第一人稱

(說話者) 複數 we us our ours

單數 you you your yours第二人稱

(聽話者) 複數 you you your yours

he him his his

she her her hers單數

it it its its

第三人稱

(被談論者)

複數 they them their theirs

表示一般人時:

I, him, you, they, etc.

例:I was at home yesterday.(主詞)

昨天我在家。

例:Mr. Smith saw him.(受詞)

Smith 先生看見他。

It 的特別用法:

It 除指第三人稱、無生命的事物外,也可指抽象的事。

例:He never comes to work on time. His boss doesn’t like it.

他從不準時上班,他的老闆不喜歡他這樣。(it 指前面整句所描述的

事)

It 可指天氣、時間、距離或泛指一種情況、一個人或一件事。

例:It’s hot today.

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今天很熱。

例:What time is it?

現在幾點?

It 在句子中,可作臨時主詞、受詞或強調其構文。

Isn’t it a shame that they lost the game?(虛主詞)

We found it difficult go get along with him.(虛受詞)

It is fun to read novels.(強調其構文)

反身代名詞→self(-selves)

反身用法:主詞與受詞相同時,我們用反身代名詞

Tom(主詞)hurt himself(受詞).

She is looking herself in the mirror.

反身代名詞的單複數型 : myself-ourselves, yourself-yourselves.

強調用法:反身代名詞的強調用法可同 on my own / by myself=alone

I like shopping myself/by my own.

Selena was sitting by herself/on her own in a corner of the restaurant.

指示代名詞→This, That, These, Those

this 與 that 可代表前面所說過的句子。

例:I was absent yesterday. This made my teacher very angry.

昨天我缺席,這件事使我老師很生氣。

this(these)指比較近說話者之人或物;that(those)則指距離說話者比

較遠的人或物。

例:These are new book. Those are old ones.

這些是新書。那些是舊書。

that 與 those 可用來代替名詞,以避免重複。

例:I understand the history of my own country better than that of France.

我了解我國的歷史更多於了解法國的歷史。

those 後面可接關係子句,表示「…的人們」。

例:We do not trust those who lie.

我們不相信說謊的人。

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第二章 代名詞pronoun

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不定代名詞

One 的用法:

除表示數目/量、代替名詞、避免重覆外,另有泛稱的 one。

例:She has three T-shirts. One(of them)is black.

她有三件 T 恤,其中一件是黑色的。(表數目)

例:“Can you lend me a pen?” “I’m sorry, I haven’t got one.”

你能夠借我一支筆嗎?抱歉,我連一支也沒有。(代替前面已出現過

的名詞,避免重覆)

例:One should study hard.

人應該用功讀書。(泛稱的 one)

其他如 No one 與 None, Other 與 another, Either 與 Neither, Many, Much,

Few, Little, Several, Half, Enough。

No one(無一人)→只用於人,與單數動詞連用。none 則可指人也可指

物。

例:No one likes him.

沒有人喜歡他。

例:A:Are there any apples in the basket?

B:No, there are none.

A:籃子裏有蘋果嗎?

B:沒有,一個也沒有。

Other 可加 s 成為複數;another 只有單數。

例:I don’t like these shirts. Show me some others.

我不喜歡這些襯衫,拿一些別的給我看看。

例:This hat is too big. Show me another.

這頂帽子太大了,拿另一頂給我看看。

either(兩者之一是)與 neither(兩者皆否)只與單數動詞連用,either

語意為肯定,neither 為否定。

例:Either of the plan will do.

這兩個計畫中任何一個都行。

例:Neither of them will come.

他們兩人都不會來。

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many, much 表示數/量多,few、little 則相反,many、few 為可數名詞的

複數,much、little 則指不可數的名詞。

例:Many of the students have left.

學生當中很多都已經離開了。

例:Little of the truth is known.

真相鮮為人知。

several(幾個)為複數比 a few 所表之數多一些,enough 與 too little、too

few 相反。

例:Several of my friends attended the meeting.

我有幾個朋友出席這場會議。

例:I have seen enough of his tricks.

他的把戲我看夠了。

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第二章 代名詞pronoun

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EXAMINATIONQUESTION BAN本章測驗題庫

Do you think the thief to be ______?

his he I me

:你認為這賊是我嗎?

不定詞 to be me 為受詞補語,故代名詞用受格 me。

I found ______ impossible to refuse his invitation.

that it them which

:他的邀請令人難以回絕。

it 為虛受詞,代替後面真受詞 to~。

Different opinions between John and ______ led to a heated

argument.

I me he their

:約翰和我之間的不同意見導致一場激烈的爭論。

between 之後用 and 連接兩個受詞。

“Do you want this book?” “Yes, I need ______.”

it to one so

:「你要這本書嗎?」「是的,我需要它。」

this(that)+單 N=it

I am always taking her sister ______.

be Mary to be she to be her is Mary’s

:我總是把她的姊妹誤認為她。

to be her 為受詞補語,代名詞用受格 her。

______should know this better than she.

I and you You and me You and I Me and you

:你和我該比她更了解這事。

第一人稱單數形一般置於後,表禮貌。

It is ______ that owe you everything.

mine I myself him

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:是我虧欠你最多。

It…that 為強勢用法,名詞子句中欠主詞故用 I。

Father ______ did it.

myself hisself herself himself

:父親自己做的。

反身代名詞的強調用法。

He knew it more than ______.

me her us I

:他知道此事比我知道得多。

I=I knew it

Whose book is this, if not ______?

your his her I

:這是誰的書,如果不是他的?

本句問「誰的」,故用所有代名詞 his,因為 his=his book。

I think it is human nature for everyone to want ______ own way.

their his its one’s

:我認為想依自己的方法做事是人性。

everyone 的代名詞是 his。anyone/each one 也是如此。

None of ______ can swim.

we us theirs ours

:我們當中沒有人會游泳。

us 作 of 之受詞。

The voice of a woman is often softer than ______ of a man.

one it that those

:女人的嗓音時常比男人的柔和。

指示代名詞 that 用來取代 the voice。

The visitors helped ______ the cakes.

them themself to themselves themselves to

:訪客自己取用蛋糕。

help oneself to~自己取用(食物等)。

______ to come to dinner this evening?

It is possible for you Is it possible for you Are you

possible You are possible

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第二章 代名詞pronoun

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:你今晚前來共進晚餐嗎?

形容詞 possible 只可修飾「事物」不能修飾「人」。

I really enjoyed ______ in the party last night.

X itself myself me

:昨晚宴會中,我真的很愉快。

enjoy oneslf=have a good/great time

None of ______ passengers can swim.

We us theirs ours.

:我們這些乘客中,沒有一個會游泳。

us 作介詞 of 之受詞;而 passengers 為 us 的同位語。

The ears of a rabbit are longer than ______.

a cat those of a cat that of a cat these of a cat

:兔子的耳朵比貓的長。

those=the ears。

The history of China is much longer than ______.

Japan history Japan that of Japan those of Japan

:中國的歷史比日本的長得多。

指示代名詞 that 用來取代 the history。

We should help her, and ______ is necessary to us.

which it one those

:我們該幫她,對我們而言這是必要的。

對等連接(如 and)後代替前面子句的代名詞,可用 it、this 或

that。

He is a great scholar, and is respected as ______.

this that such it

:他是個大學者,也受人如此地尊敬。

as such 的 such=a great scholar。

I will take you to ______ whom you have met before.

he those these that

:我將帶你去見那些你以前見過的人。

those whom=people whom

Give me ______ more tea, please.

any some something anything

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第壹篇 各種詞類的文法解析English

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:請再給我一些茶。

肯定句中,一般用 some。

If you have any ink, I hope that you would give me ______.

one some any that

:如果你有墨水,我希望你給我一些。

If 子句常用 any,其後結果句常用 some。

He is ______ in our town; we all respect him.

nothing somebody everybody nobody

:他在我們鎮上是有地位的人,我們全都尊敬他。

Some body 可作「大人物」,nobody/a small potatoe 則為「小

人物」。

It is all one whether there is tea or coffee or water. ______ will do.

Some Any All Anyone

:無論茶、咖啡或水都一樣,任何都可以。

三者中任取一,用 any。will do=可以。二者中取一,則用 either。

Some of the students speak English; ______ speak German.

another one others the other

:有些學生說英文,有些說德文。

Some~;others~=some~some~。

Not ______ bird can sing.

every all many much

:並非每一隻鳥都會鳴叫。

三者(以上)部分否定可用 not every+單數名詞=not all+複

數名詞。

Not all the boys went to the party; ______ still stayed in the

dormitory.

none neither some any

:並非所有男孩都參加舞會,有些仍留在宿舍內。

部分否定 not all=some。

He never fails to come here ______ three day.

all each every some

:他每三天必來此一次。

「每~一次」可用 every+基數+複數名詞。

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第二章 代名詞pronoun

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“______” “He is my father.”

Who is he Who he is He is who Is he who

:「他是誰?」「他是我父親」。

who 為疑問代名詞。

Tell me ______.

you like me or not who are you what is your name

whether you know this

:告訴我你是否知道此事。

當受詞的名詞子句不需倒裝,如 I don’t know who you are. Do

you know who he is? Do you understand what he did?

______ of the three daughters in the family has not got married.

None No One Some

:這家三個女兒中,有一個未婚。

none 不連否定,some 後動詞用複數形 have。

There stood many people on ______ side of the street.

every both either all

:街道兩邊站著許多人。

He didn’t tell anyone ______.

where is he going where was he going where he was

going where he is going

:他沒告訴任何人他要去那裏。

S+V+I.O.(間接)+D.O.(直接),N 子句當直接受詞,不用

倒裝。

______ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.

It There Those These

:每天早上做點運動將對你有好處。

it=to do~,it 為虛主詞。

Jimmy and Bob always help ______.

each other one another together with get together

:吉米和鮑伯總是互相幫忙。

二人互相之間用 each other;三人以上互相之間用 one another。

I hope you won’t mind ______ at your newspaper.

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第壹篇 各種詞類的文法解析English

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I look my looking I looking mine to look

:希望你不介意我看你的報紙。

mind+所有格+Ving,mind+Ving,mind+if+子句。

Long, long ago, people used fingerprints instead of signatures as a

way of identifying ______.

these those themselves them

:很久很久以前,人們就使用指紋代替簽名的方法,來確認身分。

主詞為 people,受詞與主詞相同,故使用本身代名詞。

I have two cats; one is white, and ______ is black.

another others the other the others

:我有二隻貓,一隻是白的,另一隻是黑的。

物/人=2,一個用 one,另一個用 the other。

物/人≧3,一個用 one,另一個用 another,第三個可用 the

other。

特定的範圍,一些用 some,其餘的用 the others。

沒有特定的範圍,一些用 some,其餘的用 others。

一回事…另一回事,用 one…another。

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第三章 冠 詞article

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冠詞ARTICLE

冠詞的用法

不定冠詞的一般用法:

a, an…可數名詞的單數形。

例:His daughter became a typist.

他的女兒成為一位打字人員。

不定冠詞的特別用法:

有 one 的含意:

例:It takes an hour to get there on foot.

走到那裏要 1 個小時。

有 a certain 的含意:

例:In a sense you are wrong.

在某種意義上,你是錯的。

加在固有名詞上:

A Mr.Smith, an Edison, a Ford, a Picasso, etc.

有 Per(每一)的含意:

例:I write several letters to my parents a year.

我每年寫幾封信給我父母親。

有 any, all 的含意:

例:A fox is a cunning animal.

狐狸是一種狡猾的動物。

有 the same 的含意,of a~,at a~:

例:They are of an age.

他們同年齡。

例:Eat two at a time.