Cognitive Considerations

Members:4A2C0080葉佩宜4A2C0083潘姵芯4A2C0084蔡佩真4A2C0089陳麗玲

Four Stages of Intellectual Growth

Piaget divided human intellectual development into four stages:

Stage of Development Age Range Key Feature

Sensorimotor感覺動作期

0-2 years Begins to use imitation, thought and memory.

Preoperational前運時期 2-7 years Develops language and symbolic thinking.

Concrete Operational具體運時期

7-11 years Able to logically solve hands-on problems.

Formal Operational形式運時期

11+ years Can solve abstract problems.

They can recognizes that objects don’t cease to exist when they are hidden.

They can think things through logically.They can classify objects according to several features.They more concerned about identity and social issues.

Piaget- Equilibration平衡化 “progressive interior organization of knowledge in a stepwise

fashion”進步中的知識其內在組織橫向的發展

Doubt

Uncertainty

Resolution

Certainty

Disequilibrium不平衡

Equilibration平衡化

Conceptual Development 認知概念的發展

Ellen Rosansky

Initial language acquisition takes place when the child is highly “centered” (自我中心 ).

This lack of flexibility(缺乏靈活度 ) and lack of decentration(無法不專注 ) may well be a necessity for language

acquisition

Lateralization hypothesis(人腦語言功能側化假設 )

(1) Right hemisphere: musical technique, artistic talent, and express emotions ability

(2) Left hemisphere: speech, reading, writing, computing and solving the logical problems ability

Infancy is a critical period of right hemisphere development.

Differences between child and adult language acquisition.

Children have a smaller vocabulary and it is easy to learn enough of a second language to communicate their needs.

Adults have a much larger vocabulary and think and communicate in more complex ways than children.

• As the child matures into adulthood, the left hemisphere (which controls the analytical and intellectual functions) becomes more dominant than the right hemisphere (which controls the emotional functions).

• It is possible that the dominance of the left hemisphere contributes to a tendency to overanalyze and to be too intellectually centered on the task of second language learning.

Ausubel

Rote learning機械式學習（死背）：Repetition

Meaningful learning有意義學習：New knowledge related with previous knowledge

Rote Learning： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKfwBJq3334

The effect：Meaningful Learning > Rote Learning

The factor of superiority：differences in learning situation

References https://

docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Feportal.stust.edu.tw%2Feshare%2FEshareFile%2F2013_6%2F2013_6_28421e9b.pptx

https://appsychtextbk.wikispaces.com/Cognitive+Development http://

www.slideshare.net/mcgrail19/jean-piagets-theory-of-cognitive-development?next_slideshow=1

https://www.papermasters.com/intellectual-growth.html https://www.google.com.tw/search?

q=Four+Stages+of+Intellectual+Growth&es_sm=122&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=55cLVfDuIsfn8AXx-IGgAQ&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=681#imgdii=_&imgrc=6Uxw_1EaadmgcM%253A%3BLJdqbqqjCaLk-M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.cliffsnotes.com%252Fsciences%252Fsociology%252Fsocialization%252F~%252Fmedia%252F36D601AB5ACF48849747830D0C33889E.ashx%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.cliffsnotes.com%252Fsciences%252Fsociology%252Fsocialization%252Fpiagets-model-of-cognitive-development%3B607%3B465

http://blog.xuite.net/kc6191/study/32807050-%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9E%E5%82%91(Piaget)%E7%9A%84%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96

http://163.21.24.106/wordpress/t189/files/2012/11/PLLT_Ch3_age-and-acquisition.pdf http://www.kau.edu.sa/Files/0008718/Files/86503_Chapter_3%20part%202-6%20slides.pdf

Thanks for listening!