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UNIT 1: INTERNATIONAL TRADE

VOCABULARY DEFINITION TRANSLATION IN

VIETNAMESE

1 AutarkyThe condition of self-sufficiency,

esp. economicS t lc (b l v kinh t)

2 Deficit

The amount by which expenditures

or liabilities exceed income or

assets

S thm ht

3 Quota

The quantitative limits on the

import of particular product or

commodities

Hn ngch

4 Balance of payment

the difference between what a

country receives and pays for its

exports and imports of goods

Cn cn thanh ton quc t

5 Dumping

Selling goods abroad at a price

below that charged in the domestic

market

Bn ph gi

6 SurplusAn amount, quantity, etc.., greater

than neededS d tha, thng d

7 Balance of trade

The difference between a countrys

total earnings from exports and its

total expenditure on imports

Cn cn thng mi

8 Invisible

imports and exports

Trade in services (banking,

insurance, tourism, and so on)Thng mi dch v

9 Tariffs Taxes charged on imports Thu quan10 Visible trade /

merchandise trade

Trade in goodsThng mi hng ha

11 Barter / counter tradeDirect exchanges of goods, without

the use of moneyHng i hng

12 Protectionism

Any program, policy, or system of

laws that seeks to provide

protection for property owners,

wildlife, the environment, etc.

Chnh sch bo h

13 Comparative

cost principle

The theory proposes that all

nations will raise their living

standards and real income if they

Nguyn tc so snh gi

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specialize in the production of

those goods and services in which

they have the highest relative

productivity.

14

Mercantilism

Trade theory holding that nations

should accumulate financial

wealth, usually in the form of gold,

by encouraging exports and

discouraging imports.

Ch nghia trng thng

15 Absolute advantageAbility of a nation to produce a

good more efficiently than any

other nation

Li th tuyt i

16 Comparative advantage

Inability of a nation to produce a

goods more efficiently than other

nations, but an ability to produce

that good more efficiently than it

does any other good

Li th so snh

17

Capital accountA national account that records

transactions involving the purchaseor sale of assets

Ti khon vn

18 EmbargoesComplete ban on trade (imports

and exports) in one or more

products with a particular country

Lnh cm vn

19 Local content requirements

Laws stipulating that a specified

amount of a goods or services be

supplied by producers in the

domestic market.

20 Administrative delays

Regulatory control or bureaucratic

rules designed to impair the rapid

flow of imports into a country.

21 Currency controls Restrictions on the convertibility of

a currency into other currencies

22 Infant industryThe industry is a beginner, as in

experience or learning, novice.Nn cng nghi p non tr

23 Rollover Renew the loan Gia hn khon vayReschedule Postpone Cho hon n, gin n

24 GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Hi p c chung v thu v

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Trad thng mi2

5Collapse

to break down, come to nothing,

failSp

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Unit 2: Banking & Unit 8: Central Banking

English Vietnamese

Commercial Bank Provides checking accounts, savingsaccounts, and money marketaccounts that accepts time deposits

Ngn hng thng mi

Central bank The bank of government which canlend money to other banks intimes of need

Ngn hng trung ng

Investment Bank A financial institution that deals withraising capital, financinginternational trade and managingcorporate mergers and acquisitions

Ngn hng u t

Merchant bank A financial institution primarilyengaged in offering financialservices and advice to corporationsand wealthy individuals on how touse their money

Ngn hng bnbun

Universal bank It is both a Commercial bank and anInvestment bank and participates inmany kinds of banking activities

Ngn hng a nng

Supranationalbank

It is formed by two or more centralgovernments to promote economicdevelopment for the member

countries

nh ch ti chnh quc t

Finance house The Finance House provides youwith the ability to source Mortgages,Insurance and much more

Cng ty ti chnh

Building society It is a financial institution, owned byits members that offers banking andother financial services, especiallymortgage lending.

Hip hi nh

Credit card A card which guarantees paymentfor goods and services purchased bythe card holder, who pays back the

bank or finance company at a laterdate

Th tn dng

Debit card It is a plastic card that provides thecardholder electronic access to his orher bank account/s at a financialinstitution. The funds are withdrawndirectly from either the bank accountor from the remaining balance on thecard

Th ghi n

ATM card(bank card,client card, key

It is a card issued by a bank, creditunion or building society. It can beused at an ATM for deposits,

Th ATM

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card, cash card) withdrawals, account information,and other types of transactions

Transactionalaccount (checking

account/ currentaccount)

A deposit account held at a bank or afinancial institution, for the purpose

of securely and quickly providingfrequent access to funds on demand,through a variety of differentchannels

Ti khon giao dch

Deposit account ortime or noticeaccount

A deposit account is a currentaccount, savings account, or othertype of bank account, at a bankinginstitution that allows money to bedeposited and withdrawn by theaccount holder

Ti khon tin gi c khn

Personal account An account which be used by anindividual for their own needs

Ti khon c nhn

Standing order An instruction a bank account holdergives to their bank to pay a setamount at regular intervals toanother account

Lnh tr tin t ng

Mortage-backedsecurities

Asset-backed security that representsa claim on the cash flows frommortgage loans through a process

Chng khon da vokhon th chp

Federal funds rate Li sut lin bang ( HoaK)Portfoliomanagement Making decisions about investmentmix and policy, matching

investments to objectives, assetallocation for individuals andinstitutions, and balancing riskagainst. performance

Qun l danh mc u t

Maturity Time at which a note or bond is due Thi gian o hn

Clearing system System for transferring bonds andcash between buyers and sellers.Transfers of bonds are usually made

by book entry transfer.

H thng trung gian tichnh

Financial stability Capability to allocate fundsefficiently and absorb shocks as theyarise

Tnh trng n nh v tichnh

Foreign reserve Total of a country's gold holdingsand convertible foregin currenciesand bonds

D tr ngoi hi

Legal mandate An act by which one individualempowers another individual toconduct transactions for anindividual in that person's name

y quyn theo php lut

Governmentsecurities

Securities issued by government,used for raising national fund when

Chng khon chnh ph

6

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_account_(banking)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_account_(banking)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_accounthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_account_(banking)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_account_(banking)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_accounthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money

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necessary, usually bondsMortage-backedsecurities

Asset-backed security that representsa claim on the cash flows frommortgage loans through a process

Chng khon da vokhon th chp

UNIT 3: FINANCING FOREIN TRADE

1 Agree to remit payment of

the invoice back to the

exporter

ng chuyn thanh tonha n n ngi xutkhu

2 Advertising bank Bank that advises the letter of credit andsends the orginal 4C for the exporter

Ngn hng thng bo

3 Acceptance In which accepts bill of exchange afterperiod of time, upon maturity

Chp nhn thanh ton ichng t

4 Advance payment Exporters receive payment from anoverseas buyer in full or in part beforethe goods are dispatched

Tr trc

5 Applicant Who ask his bank to apply LC (thebuyer)

Ngi khi to

6 Benificiary Who is benefited from letter of creditusually the seller or exporter

Ngi th hng

7 Bill of exchange a written, unconditional order by oneparty (the drawer) to another (the

drawee) to pay a certain sum, eitherimmediately (a sight bill) or on a fixeddate (a term bill), for payment of goodsand/or services received

Hi phiu

8 Bill of lading Document that orders a person ororganization to pay a fixed sum ofmoney on demand or on a specificeddate

9 Bills for collection Process through which the globalbanking system acts on behalf of an

exporter to collect cash payment or atime draft from the importer

Hi phiu nh thu

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1

0

Clean collection payment by bill of exchange to whichdocuments are not attached

Phng thc nh thu trn

1

1

Collecting bank Bank that receives payment of bills fortheir customers account (the exporters

bank)

1

2

Collection Method of payment that the exportercannot collect the sum of money fromthe importer by himself. Therefore theexporter has to remit for remitting bank.

1

3

Confirmation A definite undertaking of theconfirming bank, in addition to that ofthe issuing bank, to honour or negotiatea complying presentation

14 Control of the goods Quyn kim sot hng ha

1

5

Defer presentation To delay passing the bill to the importer

1

6

Dishonours an accepted bill

upon maturity

The importer does not pay, although hehad previously agreed to pay

T chi thanh ton 1 hiphiu c chp nhnkhi n hn thanh ton

1

7

Document of title Document allowing someone to claimownership of goods

1

8

Documentary collection payment by bill of exchange to which

commercial documents are attached

Phng thc nh thu km

chng t1

9

Documentary credit International trade procedure in whichthe credit worthiness of an importer issubstituted by the guaranty of a bankfor a specific transaction

Tn dng chng t

2

0

Fail to accept the bill of

exchange

T chi chp nhn hiphiu

2

1

Full set of BL All the necessary shipping documents

2

2

In accordance with the

original sales contract

Theo hp ng mua bn

gc2

3

Intermediary Person or company that acts as amiddleman in a transaction

2

4

Invoice list of goods sold as a request forpayment

Ha n

2

5

Issuing bank Buyer's or importer's bank whichestablishes (opens) a L/C in favor of a

beneficiary, forwards it to an advisingbank for delivery to the beneficiary

Ngn hng pht hnh

2

6

Letter of credit A letter from a bank guaranteeing that abuyer's payment to a seller will bereceived on time and for the correct

Tn dng th

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amount

2

7

Maturity date when a bill of exchange is due forpayment

K hn thanh ton

2

8

Maturity Date when a bill of exchange is due forpayment

2

9

Open account Credit relationship in which the buyerpays upon the receipt of goods, or ondeferred payment basis

Phng thc ghi s

3

0

Relevant documents Cc chng t lin quan

3

1

The documentation against

acceptance of the bill (D/A)

An arrangement in which someone has

the right to collect imported goods onlyafter they have signed an agreement at abank to pay for the goods and haveshown proof of having signed it

Chp nhn thanh ton i

chng t

3

2

The documentation against

payment (D/P)

An arrangement under which anexporter instructs the presenting bank tohand over shipping and title documentsto the importer only if the importerfully pays the accompanying bill ofexchange or draft

Thanh ton ngay

33 The documents of tittle tothe goods Documents that give their bearer orholder the title to the goods specifiedtherein

Chng t s hu hng ha

3

4

To authenticate the letter of

credit

To check the correctness of letter ofcredit

Xc nhn th tn dng

3

5

To be not in order In the incorrect condition for operationor use

Khng ng th tc

3

6

To dishonour an acceptance

bill upon maturity

Failure to pay a valid (proper and legal)bill of exchange which has been dulypresented for acceptance

T chi thanh ton mt hiphiu c chp nhnkhi n hn phi thanh ton

37

To draw a bill of exchangeon sb

To write a bill of exchange (=document used in trade that orderspayment for goods or services)

Pht hnh hi phiu i nai

3

8

To remit payment of the

invoice

To make payment for goods or servicesaccordance with the invoice value

Chuyn tin thanh tonha n

3

9

Remit Chuyn tin, hon li

4

0

Undertaking Promis or gurantee given to or by abank

Li ha m bo

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UNIT 4: Accounting and Financial statement

1. The profit and loss account= income statement = the P&L

Sumarize business activity over a period oftime. It begins with total sales, then deduct allof the costs related to producing that revenueBo co kt qu kinh doanh

2. Balance sheet Report the companys financial condition on aspecific date. The basic equation that has to

balance is:assets = liabilities + shareholders equityBn cn i k ton

3. Cash flow statement Companies need a separate record of cashreceipts and cash paymentsBo co lu chuyn tin t

4. Revenue = income = turnover = sales =the top line

the entire amount of income before anydeductions are madeDoanh thu

5. Cost of goods sold = direct costs Include manufacturing costs, salaries ofmanual workersGi vn hng bn

6. Operating expenses = indirect costs/overhead Include salaries of sales and office staff,marketing costs, utility bills

7. Non- operating income Include profits from investments in other companies

8. Depreciation The loss in value of a tangbile assetKhu hao ti sn c nh

9. Amortization The loss in value of an intangbile assetKhu hao

10. Interest Refer to money paid to the bank for loans orreceived from the bank for balancesLi sut

11. dividends Money paid to shareholdersC tc

12. Retained profit Transfer to the Balance sheet, where it joins theamounts from previous years

Li nhun gi li13. Accounts receivable =creditors The amount owed to the business by customers

Khon phi thu

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14. Inventory The value of raw materials & stock

Hng tn kho15. Current assets Include marketable securities

Ti sn ngn hn16. Fixed assets Inclde long-term financial investments

Ti sn c nh17. Intangible assets Inclde patents, trademarks & goodwill

Ti sn v hnh18. Bank debt = loan capital Include any overdraft

N19. Accounts payable The money owed to suppliers

Khon phi tr20. Share capital Amount raised at initial flotation on the stock

market

Vn ch s hu21. Book-keeping Is the recording of the value of asset, liabilities,

income, and expenses in the daybooks,journals, and ledgers, in which debit and creditentries are chronologically posted to recordchanges in value

Bt ton ghi s22. Daybook Is a descriptive and diary-like record of day-to-

day financial transactions.S nht k

23. Journal Is a formal and chronological record of financial transactions before their values areaccounted in general ledger as debits andcredits.S gc

24. Ledger Is a record of accounts, each recordedindividually with its balance.S ci

25. Single-entry book-keeping Is a one sided accounting entry to maintainfinancial information.Bt ton ghi s n

26. Double-entry book-keeping Means each is recorded in two accounts: one isdebited and the other is credited

Bt ton ghi s kp

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Unit 7: M&A

Merger

The joining together of two or more companies

or organizations to form larger one

Sp nhp

Acquisition (take over)

A corporate action in which a

company buys most, if not all, of the target

company's ownership stakes in order to assume

control of the target firmMua li

Market share

The percentage of an industry or market's total

sales that is earned by a particular company

over a specified time period

Th phn

Diversify

If a business, company, country diversifies, it

increases the range of goods or services it

produces

a dng ha

A take over bid

A public offer to a companys stockholders to

buy their stocks at a certain price during a

limited period of time.

Tr gi thu mua

Economics of scale

The reduction in long-run average and

marginal costs arising from an increase in size

of an operating unit

Li th kinh t theo quy m

Hostile takeover/bid

A situation in which a company tries to buy

another company which does not want to it to

be bought

Phn i thu mua

Corporate raider

An investor who buys a larger number of share

in a corporation whose assets appear to be

undervalued

Ngi vy hm/ t kch cng tyPrivate equity company Private equity consists of investors and funds

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that make investments directly into private

companies or conduct buyouts of public

companies that result in a delisting of public

equity

Cng ty vn c phn t nhn

Leveraged buyout (LBO)

The acquisition of another company using a

significant amount of borrowed money (bonds

or loans) to meet the cost of acquisition

Cc nh qun l 1 cty tin hnh mua li hoc

kim sot phn ln cng ty mc tiu

Advising feeMoney paid to investment banks for work done.

Ph thng bo

Conglomerate

Larger corporation or groups of companies

offering a number of different products or

services.

Tp on

Asset stripping

Buying a company in order to sell its most

valuable assets at a profit

Vic bn ring tng ti sn ca mt doanh

nghip nhm thu c li nhun

A raid

Buying as many of a companys stocks as

possible on the stock market

Mua hng lot c phiu cc cng ty

Horizontal mergers

Two companies making the same products

combined

Sp nhp theo chiu ngang

Vertical mergers

A company either acquires or merges with

another company in an immediately-related

stage of production and distribution

Sp nhp theo chiu dc

Diversification mergers

A company acquires another company in an

entirely different sphere

Sp nhp a dng ha

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Unit 9: Exchange rates

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15

No. Terms Explaination in English Vietnamese

1 RevaluationIncreasing the value of an otherwise fixed

exchange rate.Nng gi tin t

2 Gold standardThe use of gold as the standard value for

the money of a country.Bn v vng

3Floating exchange

rate

One exchange rate is determined by supply

and demand.

Ty gi th ni

4 Intervene

A central bank buys or sells in oder to

increase or decrease the value of their

currency.

Can thi p

5 StipulateTo specify or require something, as in a

written contract or formal agreement.Quy nh

6 PegAnother verb for fixing exchange rates

against something elseC nh

7 Speculator

A trader who approaches the finacial

markets with the intention to make a profit by

buying low and selling higher, not necessarily

in that order.

Nh u c, tch tr

8 Barter

A method of exchange by which goods or

services directly exchanged for other goods or

services without using a medium of exchange,

such as money.

Trao i hng ha

9Dirty floating

exchange rate

A sytem in which central bank intervene at

the intervention points.

Th ni ti gi c

iu tit

10Clean floating

exchange rate

A sytem which is determined purely by

supply and demand.

Th ni ti gi hon

ton

11

Dealer

Merchant

A person who buy goods from any or all

sources for resale to anyone and everyone forprofit. Thng nhn

12 SuspendTo temporarily cease an activity already

commenced in progress.L lng

13 HedgingTry to insure against unfavorable price

movements by way of futures contractPhng h

14 Single currencyTwo or more states share the same

currency.

ng tin chung

15Medium of

exchange

Commodity, currency, or a financial

instrument used incommercial transactions

between buyers and sellers as ameasure and

standard of value. A

distin uishin characteristic of mone is its

Phng tin trao

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