SolSysTour_08_09

8/9/2019 SolSysTour_08_09

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A Tour of the Solar System

• An image of each planet will be visible onindividual slides.

• Each slide will also describe the generalcomposition, size, motion and relative position ofeach planet in the solar system.

• Additional slides of planetary satellites, comets,

and asteroids will be included.• Hyperlinks to additional slides and web sites will

provide supplemental information.

Presented by Keith DeLongPresented by Keith DeLong


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In this PowerPoint presentation, students explorethe solar system. The relative position of each

planet in the solar system is illustrated andstudents examine the appearance of each planet aswell as investigate its composition, size andmotion. Also, planetary satellites, comets andasteroids are discussed. Additional information onthe solar system and its component elements areavailable to students via hyperlinks to slides andadditional web sites.

Abstract


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The Standard Addressed in this

PresentationEarth’s Place in the Universe

1. Astronomy and planetary exploration reveal thesolar system’s structure, scale, and change over

time. As a basis for understanding this concept:

a. Students know how the differences and similaritiesamong the sun, the terrestrial planets, and the gas giants

may have been established during the formation of the

solar system.


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The Solar System

MERCURY

VENUS

EARTH

MARS

JUPITER

SATURN

URANUS

NEPTUNE

PLUTO

(Dwarf Planet)

SUN

COMETS OR METEOROIDS

Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the inner planets.

They are also known as terrestrial planets.

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,

Neptune, and Pluto are

the outer planets.

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,

and Neptune are also

known as gas giants or

Jovian planets.

Pluto is a big ball of ice.

Not to

scale

Between Mars and Jupiter there is a

large number of rocks orbiting the sun.

Each rock is known as an ASTEROID.

This ring of rocks is called the

Asteroid Belt.

| The Solar System | Sun | Mercury | Venus | Earth | Mars | Jupiter | Saturn | Uranus | Neptune | Pluto (Dwarf Planet)

| Asteroids | Comets | Meteors, Meteoroids, and Meteorites | End Show |


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Sun• The Sun is a star at the center of our solar system.

• It is estimated to be 4.5 billion years old.• It supports all life on Earth through photo-

synthesis and is the ultimate source of all food and

fossil fuel.• It is 333,400 times more massive than the Earth

(this means that 333,400 Earths can make up the

Sun).

• 99.86% of all the mass of the solar system isfound in the Sun.

• The core of the Sun is 16 million °C.• The surface of the Sun is 7000° C• It takes several hundred thousand years for

photons to escape from the dense core and reach

the surface.

• The Sun generates energy the equivalent of 100

billion tons of TNT exploding every second.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT NUCLEAR FUSION

Links to Sun sites:•Live from the Sun•StarDate: The Sun

•Solar Data Analysis Center



http://passporttoknowledge.com/sun/http://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/sun.htmlhttp://umbra.nascom.nasa.gov/sdac.htmlhttp://umbra.nascom.nasa.gov/sdac.htmlhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/sun.htmlhttp://passporttoknowledge.com/sun/


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Nuclear Fusion in the Sun

The Sun is basically a huge ball of hydrogen gas held together by the gravitycreated by its own mass. Under the intense pressure created at the centre of the

Sun by gravity, hydrogen nuclei are fused together to produce helium nuclei.

Very simply stated, four hydrogen nuclei are fused into one helium nucleus,

however one helium atom has less mass than four hydrogen atoms. The fusion

process releases enough energy to account for the lost mass.

The energy released by nuclear fusion in the Sun's core heats the Sun. The hot

Sun radiates light into space, warming the Earth and the other planets.

About 1300 watts per square meter reaches the Earth's orbit, of which about 1000

watts per square meter reaches the Earth's surface (on a clear day).



VIDEONUCLEAR FUSION IN THE SUN


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Nuclear Fusion in the SunVideo



QuickTime™ and aSorenon Video ! decom"reorare needed #o ee #$i "ic#ure%


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Relative position: 1st planet out from the sun.Appearance: Resembles Earth's Moon, scarred

by thousands of impact craters. There areareas of smooth terrain as well as cliffs, somesoaring a mile high, formed by ancientimpacts.

General composition: Rocky material. It is aterrestrial planet.

Density: 5.43 g/cm3

Atmosphere: Almost no atmosphere. The verylittle atmosphere that exists is composedchiefly of oxygen, sodium, and helium.

Size: .054 the volume of the EarthPlanetary satellites (Moons): None

Rotation: 58.65 days (very slow rotation)Revolution: 88 days to go around the Sun once.

Temperatures: High: 467 °C on the sunny sideof the planet. Low: -183 °C on the dark sideof the planet.

Mercury (Planet)

Links to Mercury sites:

•Exploring the Planets - Mercury

•Missions to Mercury

•NASA Planetary Photojournal: Mercury



http://www.nasm.edu/ceps/etp/mercury/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Mercuryhttp://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/targetFamily/Mercuryhttp://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/targetFamily/Mercuryhttp://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Mercuryhttp://www.nasm.edu/ceps/etp/mercury/


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Relative position: 2nd planet out from the sun.Appearance: It is covered by thick, rapidly spinning

clouds. Due to its thick cloud layer reflectingsunlight, it is the brightest planet in the sky

General composition: Rocky material. It contains an ironcore and a molten rocky mantle. The crust is a solid,rocky material. It is a terrestrial planet.

Density: 5.24 gm/cm3

Atmosphere: Consists mainly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen,and droplets of sulfuric acid; it contains almost nowater vapor. This thick atmosphere traps immenseamounts of heat in a large-scale greenhouse effect.

Size: .88 the volume of the EarthPlanetary satellites (Moons): NoneRotation: -243 days (retrograde)

Revolution: 225 Earth days. Its day is longer than its

year.Temperature: 450 °C. It’s hotter than Mercury due to the

greenhouse effect. It is actually hot enough to meltlead.

Venus (Planet)

Links to Venus sites:

•Exploring the Planets - Venus

•Missions to Venus•StarDate: Venus



http://www.nasm.si.edu/ceps/etp/venus/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Venushttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/venus.htmlhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/venus.htmlhttp://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Venushttp://www.nasm.si.edu/ceps/etp/venus/


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Relative position: 3rd planet out from the sun. Appearance: The Earth looks blue and green

from space with clouds moving through theatmosphere. The surface of the Earth is 70%water and 30% land.

General composition: Rocky material. It is aterrestrial planet. It has a nickel-iron core

with a molten mantle and solid rocky crust.Density: 5.52 gm/cm3

Atmosphere: Mostly oxygen (21%) and nitrogen(78%). Some argon, carbon dioxide, andwater vapor.

Size: 40,000km (24,8000miles) around at theequator.

Planetary satellites (Moons): 1 - The MoonRotation: 23 hours, 56miutes (1 day)

Revolution: 365.25 days

Temperature: Mean surface 15 °C to 20 °C

Earth (Planet)

Links to Earth sites:

•Exploring the Planets - Earth

•Missions to Explore Earth•StarDate: Earth

Special feature: Earth sustains life as we know it.

Water exists in all three states (solid, liquid , and

gas) on the Earth. There is a delicate balance

between its oceans, air, land, and life.



http://www.nasm.edu/ceps/etp/earth/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Earth&Era=Pasthttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/earth.htmlhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/earth.htmlhttp://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Earth&Era=Pasthttp://www.nasm.edu/ceps/etp/earth/


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The Moon• The Moon is the Earth’s only natural satellite.

• The Moon contains no water and has no

atmosphere

• Its has about 1/6 the mass of the Earth,

therefore it has 1/6 the gravitational pull of the

Earth.• • It is 384 401 km from the Earth.

• It takes 27.32 days to orbit the Earth once.

• The gravitational pull of the Moon is

responsible for the Earth’s tides.

• The surface of the Moon is covered with

craters and flatlands. The craters are due to

repeated meteorite bombardments while the

dark, flatlands are the result of ancient lava

flows.

Links to Moon sites:

Missions to the Moon

StarDate: Moon

Collecting Moon Rocks BACK



http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Moonhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/moon.htmlhttp://www.lpi.usra.edu/expmoon/Apollo11/A11_Samples_tools.htmlhttp://www.lpi.usra.edu/expmoon/Apollo11/A11_Samples_tools.htmlhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/moon.htmlhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/moon.htmlhttp://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Moon


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Mars (Planet)Relative position: 4th planet out from the sun.

Appearance: Mars appears red due to the iron

oxide in its soil. It has polar ice caps that

grow and recede with the seasons, and it has

dust storms, which cause giant dunes, wind

streaks, and wind-carved features.

General composition: Rocky material. It is a

terrestrial planet.


Atmosphere: Mostly carbon dioxide, nitrogen,

and argon.

Size: .149 times the volume of the Earth.

Planetary satellites (Moons): 2 Moons

Rotation: 24 hours, 33 minutes.

Revolution: 686.67 days.

Temperature: -87 °C to -5 °C

Links to Mars sites:

•Missions to Mars

•Mars Explorations•StarDate: Mars

Special Features: Mars has the largest volcanic mountain in the solar system, Olympus Mons (27

km high and 600 km across); volcanoes in the northern Tharsis region that are so huge they deform

the planet's roundness; and a gigantic equatorial rift valley, the Valles Marineris. This canyon

system would stretch from New York to Los Angeles; the Grand Canyon could fit into one of the

side canyons of this great chasm.



http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Marshttp://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/http://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/mars.htmlhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/mars.htmlhttp://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Mars


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Moons of MarsPhobos

Gouged by a giant impact crater and beaten by

thousands of meteorite impacts, Phobos is on a

collision course with Mars. It may collidewith Mars in 50 million years or break up into

a ring.

Deimos

It is also heavily cratered with a small lumpy

appearance.

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Relative position: 5th planet out from the sun.

Appearance: It is sometimes called a “mini-solarsystem” because of its numerous moons andseveral rings. Jupiter appears striped becauselight and dark belts are created by strong east-west winds.

General composition: It is a gas giant , meaning it ismostly made of gases. Jupiter's core is probablynot solid but a dense, hot liquid with aconsistency like thick soup.


Atmosphere: Mostly hydrogen, helium and methane.Size: 1316 times the volume of the Earth. It is the

planet with the highest gravity in the solarsystem.

Planetary satellites (Moons): 63 Moons; some of

them have been named and some havealphanumeric designations.

Rotation: 9 hours, 54 minutes

Revolution: 11.86 Earth yearsTemperature: -108 °C

Jupiter (Planet)

Links to Jupiter sites:

•Exploring the Planets - Jupiter

•Missions to Jupiter•StarDate: Jupiter

Special Feature: The Great Red Spot has existed for at least 100 years, and perhaps longer.

It is a hurricane-like storm on Jupiter. (Galileo reported seeing a similar feature nearly 400

years ago). Three Earths could fit across the Great Red Spot.



http://www.nasm.edu/ceps/etp/jupiter/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Jupiterhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/jupiter.htmlhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/jupiter.htmlhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/jupiter.htmlhttp://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Jupiterhttp://www.nasm.edu/ceps/etp/jupiter/


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Saturn (Planet)Relative position: 6th planet out from the

sun.

Appearance: Saturn has a large system of

rings, and the yellow and gold bands in

its atmosphere are caused by super-fast

winds combined with heat rising from its

interior.

General composition: It is a Gas giant ,meaning it is mostly made of the gases

hydrogen and helium.

Density: .70 gm/cm3 (This low density means

that Saturn could float on water if their

was a body of water big enough).

Atmosphere: Mostly hydrogen and helium.

Size:755 times the volume of the Earth.Planetary satellites (Moons): 60 Moons;

some have been named and others have

alphanumeric designations


Revolution: 29.45 Earth years

Temperature: -139 °C

Links to Saturn sites:

•Exploring the Planets - Saturn•Missions to Saturn

•StarDate: Saturn

Special feature: Saturn's ring system is

the most extensive and complex in our

solar system; it extends hundreds ofthousands of kilometers from the planet.

The rings are mostly water ice with

particles ranging in size from a few

micrometers to several tens of meters.



http://www.nasm.edu/ceps/etp/saturn/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Object=Saturnhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/saturn.htmlhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/saturn.htmlhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/saturn.htmlhttp://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Object=Saturnhttp://www.nasm.edu/ceps/etp/saturn/


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Relative position: 7th planet out from the sun.Appearance: It has a blue-green color from the

methane gas above the deeper clouds.Methane absorbs red light and reflects bluelight. It does have a small system of rings.

General composition: It is a Gas giant , meaning itis mostly made of the gases hydrogen andhelium, with a small amount of methane andtraces of water and ammonia. It has no solidsurface, but it does contain a liquid core mademostly of “icy” materials (water, methane, andammonia)


Atmosphere: Mostly hydrogen, helium, andmethane.

Size: 52 times the volume of the Earth.

Planetary satellites (Moons): 27 MoonsRotation: 17 hours, 11 minutes



ranus (Planet)

Links to Uranus sites:

•Exploring the Planets - Uranus

•Missions to Uranus

•StarDate: Uranus

Special feature: Uranus’ axis is tilted so that it seems to rotate on its side.

This tilt gives it seasons that last over twenty years.



http://www.nasm.edu/ceps/etp/uranus/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Object=Uranushttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/uranus.htmlhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/uranus.htmlhttp://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Object=Uranushttp://www.nasm.edu/ceps/etp/uranus/


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Neptune (Planet)Relative position: 8th planet out from the sun.

Appearance: Neptune has a blue color because of the

methane in its atmosphere. The methane reflects

blue light while it absorbs red light. It has a small

system of rings and periodically Great Dark

Spots (hurricane-like storms) appear.

General composition: It is a Gas giant , meaning it is

mostly made of the gases hydrogen, helium, andmethane. It has no solid surface, but its liquid

core is composed of water and other “melted

ices.”


Atmosphere: Mostly hydrogen, helium,and methane.

Size: 44 times the volume of the Earth.

Planetary satellites (Moons): 13 Moons



Temperature: -200 °CLinks to Neptune sites:

•Exploring the Planets - Neptune

•Missions to Neptune

•StarDate: Neptune

Special features: Neptune is actually the farthest planet from the Sun for a

20-year period out of every 248 Earth years due to Pluto’s unusual

elliptical orbit.


http://www.nasm.edu/ceps/etp/neptune/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Neptunehttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/neptune.htmlhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/neptune.htmlhttp://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Neptunehttp://www.nasm.edu/ceps/etp/neptune/


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Moons of Neptune

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Pluto (!"arf Planet)Charon

Relative position: 9th planet out from the sun.

Appearance: A large frozen ball of ice.

General composition: Rocky core surrounded by

water ice.

Density: 2.0 gm/cm3

Atmosphere: Frozen most of the time. When it

is closest to the Sun the bright layer of frozenmethane, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide

thaws out and gives it a thin atmosphere.

Size: .005 the volume of the Earth. It is the

planet with the lowest gravity in the solar

system.

Planetary satellites (Moons): !

1. Charon2. Hydra

3. Nix

Rotation: -6.39 days (retrograde)



Links to Pluto sites:

•Missions to Pluto

•Pluto Portal

•StarDate: Pluto


http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Mission=PKBhttp://www.plutoportal.net/http://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/pluto.htmlhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/pluto.htmlhttp://www.plutoportal.net/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Mission=PKB


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• Asteroids are either rocky or metallic objects

that orbit the Sun. They are too small to

considered planets but are sometimes called

planetoids.

• They can be anywhere from the size of apebble up to a 1000km (620 miles) in

diameter; the asteroid Ceres is an example of

an asteroid that is this large.

• They have been found inside Earth’s orbit and

all the way out past Saturn’s orbit. Most

asteroids, however, are located in theasteroid belt which exists between the orbit’s

of Mars and Jupiter.

Asteroids

Links to Asteroids sites:

•Missions to Asteroids

•The Nine Planets: Asteroids•StarDate: Asteroids


http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Object=Asteroidshttp://www.seds.org/nineplanets/nineplanets/asteroids.htmlhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/asteroids.htmlhttp://stardate.org/resources/ssguide/asteroids.htmlhttp://www.seds.org/nineplanets/nineplanets/asteroids.htmlhttp://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Object=Asteroids


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Asteroid #elt

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• Comets - small, fragile, irregular-shaped bodycomposed of a mixture of non-volatile grainsand frozen gases. Components of Comets canbe seen by clicking on the link.

• Their orbits are elliptical (oval) or parabolic(U-shaped). The orbit brings them in veryclose to the Sun and swings them far out intospace, sometimes out past Pluto.Example of a comet’s orbit .

• As comets approach the Sun, radiation fromthe Sun evaporates the ice and gases, creating

the lone tail. The closer to the Sun, the longerthe tail of the comet. The tail of the cometalways faces away from the Sun because ofthe solar wind coming from the Sun.

$omets

Links to Comet sites:

•Asteroid and Comet Impact Hazards•The Planetary Society’s Near Earth Objects Page

•Missions to Comets


http://impact.arc.nasa.gov/index.htmlhttp://neo.planetary.org/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Cometshttp://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Cometshttp://neo.planetary.org/http://impact.arc.nasa.gov/index.html


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$omponents of $omets

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E%ample of a $omet&s 'rbitComet 2P/Encke

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Meteors Meteoroids andMeteorites

• Meteoroids - asteroids that are on a collision

course with Earth.

• Meteor - streak of light created when a

meteoroid strikes our atmosphere at high

velocity and friction causes the chunk of space

matter to burn up.

• Meteorite - what is left that strikes the Earth’s

surface if the meteoroid does not burn up

completely.

• 92.8% of all meteorites are composed of

silicate (stone), and 5.7% are composed of

iron and nickel; the rest are a mixture of the

three materials.

• Stony meteorites are the hardest to identify

since they look very much like terrestrial

rocks.

Meteorite sample that is from the

crust of the asteroid Vesta

Links to meteorite sites:

•ANSMET: Antarctic Search for Meteorites

•Asteroids, Comets, and NASA Research

•Meteorites from Antarctica

•Meteorites from Mars


http://www.cwru.edu/affil/ansmet/index.htmlhttp://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/facts/HTML/FS-023-HQ.htmlhttp://www-curator.jsc.nasa.gov/curator/antmet/antmet.htmhttp://www-curator.jsc.nasa.gov/curator/antmet/marsmets/contents.htmhttp://www-curator.jsc.nasa.gov/curator/antmet/marsmets/contents.htmhttp://www-curator.jsc.nasa.gov/curator/antmet/antmet.htmhttp://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/facts/HTML/FS-023-HQ.htmlhttp://www.cwru.edu/affil/ansmet/index.html


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1. Greenhouse Effect - warming of a planet’s surface as a result of atmospheric gases trapping heat. Carbon dioxide is oneof these greenhouse gases.

2. Photon - a quantum of visible light or other form of electromagnetic radiation coming from the Sun. A particle of light.

3. Retrograde - this means that the planet is spinning backwards compared to the other planets.

4. Revolution - one complete circle made around something. The orbit made by a planet or satellite around another body.

5. Rotation - the turning motion of a planet spinning on its axis.

6. Star - a glowing, hot, gaseous mass in space such as the Sun ranging in size from that of a planet to larger than theEarth’s orbit. It generates energy by thermonuclear reactions.

7. Terrestrial - similar in composition and density to Earth. Relating to Earth. Earth-like.

8. Volume - amount of space an object takes up.

Vocabulary

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9. Dwarf Planet - a celestial body that (a) is in orbit around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape,(c) has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit, and (d) is not a satellite.

10. Planet - a celestial body that (a) is in orbit around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity toovercome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape and (c) hascleared the neighborhood around its orbit.

11. Plutoids - celestial bodies in orbit around the Sun at a semi-major axis greater than that of Neptune thathave sufficient mass for their self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that they assume a hydrostaticequilibrium (near-spherical) shape, and that have not cleared the neighborhood around their orbit.

Vocabulary (p*)

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Than+s,

-our Tour of the

Solar System is Finished($lic+ here to lea.e the

Tour)


SolSysTour_08_09

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