Magzine 15 may 2013

o"kZ % 3 vad % 12 ebZ 2013 i`"B% 36 ewY; % 20-00

lk[k ?kVsxh rksdSls c<+sxk fuos'k

mEehn dh fdj.k %lhchvkbZ o dSx

T;ksfr"kh dsdjksM+ifr gksus

dk jgL;

;wih dsvQljksa easlq/kkj dht:jr

çk.k ds ?kjigqapk QkYds

lEeku

ekuo vf/kdkj vkt dy] y[kuÅ 15 ebZ 2013

fgUnh ekfld if=dk

ekuo vf/kdkj vkt dyy[kuÅ

o"kZ % 3 vad % 1215 ebZ 2013

vUnj ds i`"Bksa ij-----------

lEikndh; ----------------------------------- 2

T;ksfr"k ds djksMifr ----------------------------------- 3

;wih ds vQljk sa ---------------------------------- 5

lqizhe dksVZ dh jk; --------------------------------- 7

fctyh cuh fodkl ----------------------------------- 8

tkudkjh ------------------------------------10

;wih%Lekjd ?kksVkys ----------------------------------- 11

lk[k ?kVsxh rks ----------------------------------- 12

phu ;k ikfdLrku ----------------------------------- 14

usrk ds lkFk&lkFk ----------------------------------- 15

ikuh ds ladV ij ----------------------------------- 16

mEehn dh fdj.k ----------------------------------- 18

dukZVd fo/kkulHkk ---------------------------------- 19

jktuhfrd lqfprk ---------------------------------- 20

dukZVd esa u ---------------------------------- 22

dkaxzsl dks NksM+uk ----------------------------------- 24

cstksM+ Lokn dk ----------------------------------- 26

lriqM+k dh jkuh ---------------------------------- 28

ekmaV vkcw ----------------------------------- 29

izk.k ds ?kj ----------------------------------- 30

'kwV vkmV esa ---------------------------------- 31

ek¡ tSlh fQYe --------------------------------- 32

Hkkjrh; ekuokf/kdkj fe'ku dsfy, izdk'kd] eqnzd ,oa lEiknddkejku vln ds }kjk LiszDV ªkfotu ds'ko uxj lhrkiqj jksM]y[kuÅ ls eqfnzr djkdj] 4] rk;yfogkj dkyksuh xsV ua-&2 ,s'kckxjksM gSnjxat y[kuÅ ls izdkf'krA

if=dk esa izdkf'kr leLr ys[k,oa lekpkj dh ftEesnkjh ys[kd@laoknnkrkvksa dh gksxh rFkk if=dkdk ysVj gsM] dkMZ dk nq#i;ksx ,oafdlh izdkj dk ysu&nsu dksbZ O;fDrdjrk gS rks mldh ftEesnkjh lEikndeaMy dh ugha gksxhA

uksV& leLr fooknksa dk U;kf;d{ks= y[kuÅ gksxkA

lEiknd eaMy ds lHkh lnL;voSrfud gSaA

lEiknd e.Mydkejku vln

lEikndukflj tQ+jlg lEikndeukst oekZ

lg lEikndT;ksfr 'kekZ

lg lEikndeks- [kkfyn

lg lEikndfnus'k dqekj

C;wjks phQ ¼m0iz0½fnus'k JhokLro

C;wjks phQ y[kuÅ

1


lEikndh;------------

fiatjs ls ckgj vk,xk lhchvkbZ rksrk;g rk s Hkfo"; gh crk,xk fd dsUnzh; tkap C;wjks ¼lhchvkbZ½ dks i w.kZ Lok;Rrrk dk ntkZ vkSj[kqydj dke djus dh Lora=rk feyh gS vFkok ugha D;ksafd fiatjs ds Hkh vius lq[k gSa rksrk fiatjsls ckgj Hkh vkdj iqu% mlh eas pyk tkrk gS ,slk Hkh ns[kus eas vk;k gSA mPpre U;k;ky; ¼lqizhedksVZ½ us xr 8 ebZ dks lhchvkbZ funs'kd dks Hkh ;g loky iwNdj [kkeks'k dj fn;k Fkk fd

dksyxsV ekeys eas tkap fjiksVZ tc fof/k ea=h us ekaxh Fkh rks mlus ;g lkgl D;ksa ugh a fn[kk;k fd lkQ dg nsa fjiksVZ vkidksugh a fn[kkbZ tk,xhA lcls cM+h vnkyr us ljdkj dks rks QVdkjk gh gS] lkFk gh lhchvkbZ dks Hkh vius vfLrRo dh ;knmlh rjg fnyk;h ftl rjg dHkh fuokZpu vk;ksx vius dks vlgk; le>rk FkkA U;k;ky; us lkQ&lkQ dgk fd lhchvkbZdk dke vf/kdkfj;ksa ls ckrphr djuk ugha gS cfYd lPpkbZ dk irk yxkus ds fy;s tkap iM+rky djuk gSA ;g ekeyk dksyCykd vkoaVu eas dfFkr vfu;ferrk dh tkap ds lanHkZ esa lqizhe dksVZ igaqpk gSA lhchvkbZ dh fjiksVZ fof/k ea=ky; us eaxkdjns[kh vkSj mleas Qsjcny djk;k] ftldh Hkud feyrs gh foi{k us gaxkek [kM+k dj fn;k FkkA lqizhe dksVZ us ljdkj dksvkxkg fd;k fd lhchvkbZ dks ckgjh izHkko vkSj n[ky ls eqDr djus ds fy;s 10 tqykbZ ls igys dsUnz ljdkj ,d dkuwucuk;sA vnkyr esa xzh"ekodk'k 'kq: gksus okyk gSA dksVZ us ;g Hkh vkns'k fn;k gS fd dksyxsV tkap Vhe ls gVk;s x;s MhvkbZthjfodkar feJ dk s iqu% tkap Vhe eas 'kkfey fd;k tk,A lhchvkbZ funs'kd Jh flUgk ls ;g gyQukek Hkh fy;k x;k fddksyxsV ls lacaf/kr dksbZ Hkh fjiksVZ fdlh ea=h vFkok jktuhfrd vkdk ls lk>k ugha djsaxsA

dks;yk Cykd vkoaVu dk ?kksVkyk dsUnz ljdkj gh ugha lhchvkbZ ds fy;s Hkh ijh{kk dh ?kM+h cu x;k gSA lqizhe dksVZeas dbZ tufgr ;kfpdk,a bl ekeys eas yfEcr Fkh ftu ij 8 ebZ dks lquokbZ gqbZA lhchvkbZ ds funs'kd jathr flUgk us lqizhedksVZ eas ,d u;k gyQukek Hkh nkf[ky fd;k FkkA ljdkj ds vVkuhZ tujy xqyke okguorh us Hkh igys lqizhe dksVZ eas crk;kFkk fd fLFkfr fjiksVZ ds fooj.k ds ckjs eas ljdkj dks dksbZ tkudkjh ugha gS ysfdu jathr flUgk ds u;s gyQukes esa dgkx;k fd ljdkj us fjiksVZ eaxokdj mleas gsj&Qsj Hkh djk;kA ;g ckr 8 ebZ dks lqizhe dksVZ eas tksjnkj <ax ls mBkbZ x;hAlqizhe dksVZ us tkap fjiksVZ eas ewy rRo ds cnyko dks ysdj dsUnz ljdkj vkSj lhchvkbZ nksuksa dks QVdkj yxkbZA lcls cM+hvnkyr us dgk fd lhchvkbZ rks fiatjs esa can rksrs dh rjg gS tks vius ekfyd ds jVs jVk;s 'kCn cksyrk gSA lqizhe dksVZds U;k;ewfrZ ,e yks<k] U;k;ewfrZ enu yksdwj vkSj U;k;ewfrZ dqfj;u tkslsQ dh rhu lnL;h; [k.MihB us djhc <kbZ ?kaVsdh lquokbZ ds nkSjku ljdkj vkSj lhchvkbZ dks vkM+s gkFk ysrs gq, dgk fd dksy vkoaVu ekeys esa ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa dslq>ko ij tkap fjiksVZ dk ewy rRo gh cny fn;k x;k gSA blls tkap dh fn'kk gh cny x;h gSA U;k;ky; us bl ekeysdh tkap dj jgs miegkfujh{kd ¼MhvkbZth½ jfodkar feJ dks rRdky cgky djus dk funsZ'k fn;kA lquokbZ ds nk SjkulhchvkbZ dh Lok;Rrrk ds ckjs eas bfrgkl ds iUus [kaxkys x;sA irk pyk fd ;g [ksy cgqr igys ls py jgk gSA dkaxzslus ihoh ujflag jko ds usr`Ro okyh ljdkj ds le; gh lhchvkbZ dks detksj djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k Fkk rkfd og ljdkjdks vka[k u fn[kk ldsA vQlksl dh ckr ;g fd orZeku eas lcls T;knk 'kk sj epkus okyh Hkktik ds usrR̀o okyh ,uMh,ljdkj us ckdh dlj iwjh dj nh Fkh vkSj lhchvkbZ dks ljdkj dk fiatjs eas can rksrk cuk fn;kA blh ds rgr dksy CykdvkoaVu ?kksVkys esa tkap djrs le; tc jfodkar feJ us ehu&es[k fudkyuk 'q: fd;k rks mudk rcknyk xqIrpj C;wjks esadj fn;k x;kA lqizhe dksVZ us lhchvkbZ funs'kd ls Hkh iwNk fd mUgksaus lkgl D;ksa ugha fn[kk;kA lhchvkbZ funs'kd dks tkapny dh fLFkfr fjiksVZ dk izk:i nks la;qDr lfpoksa dks fn[kkus ls badkj dj nsuk pkfg, FkkA loksZPp vnkyr us dgk fdlhchvkbZ izeq[k lqfuf'pr djsa dks;yk [knku vkoaVu ?kksVkys dh tkap dh fjiksVZ dkuwu ea=h vU; dsUnzh; eaf=;ksa] fof/k vf/kdkfj;ksa] lhchvkbZ ds odhy vk Sj tk ap C;wjks ds vfHk;kstu foHkkx lfgr fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks ugha fn[kkb Z tk,xhA dsUnzljdkj ds gLr{ksi ij Hkh fpark O;Dr djrs g q, lqizhe dksVZ us mldks QVdkj yxk;hA Jh jathr flUgk us vius nwljsgyQukes eas dgk gS fd dkuwu ea=h vkSj iz/kkuea=h dk;kZy; ds ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa us rFkk dks;yk ea=ky; us Hkh muls tkapfjiksVZ dks ysdj feyus dks dgk FkkA mUgk asaus la;qDr lfpoksa ds lkFk gqbZ cSBdksa dk foLrr̀ C;kSjk fn;k vkSj ;g Hkh crk;kfd blds ckn tkap fjiksVZ eas cnyko fd;k x;kA bl izdkj lqizhe dksVZ dk ;g funsZ'k T;knk egRoiw.k Z gS fd lhchvkbZ dkstc Lora= :i ls tkap djus dk nkf;Ro lkSaik x;k gS rks mlus vius drZO; esa f<ykbZ D;ksa dhA lhchvkbZ dks lkgl fn[kkusdh ckr blhfy, dh x;h gSA ljdkj ij tc dksbZ vkjksi yxrk gS rks og vius cpko dk jkLrk ryk'ksxh vkSj dksyxsVekeys eas rks lh/ks&lh/ks iz/kkuea=h eueksgu flag ij vk{ksi vk jgk gSA ml nkSjku ogh dks;yk ea=ky; ns[k jgs FksA bl rjgT;knk ftEesnkjh lhchvkbZ dh gSA pquko vk;ksx dks Hkh igys dsUnz ljdkj blh rjg dk f[kykSuk cuk;s gq, Fkh ysfdu Vh,u'ks"ku ds le; pquko vk;ksx us viuh Lok;Rrrk dks igpkukA orZeku eas pquko vk;ksx dk HkO; jktuhfrd nyksa eas Li"V :ils ns[kk tk ldrk gSA lhchvkbZ dks Lora= :i eas tkap djus ls tks ck/kk,a laoS/kkfud :i ls vkrh gSa] mudks nwj djus dsfy;s gh lqizhe dksVZ us 10 tqykbZ ls iwoZ dkuwu cukus dk funsZ'k fn;k gSA lkFk gh lhchvkbZ dks Hkh viuk lkgl fn[kkus dsfy;s dgkA ;g lkgl D;ksa ugha fn[kk;k tkrk gS\ blds ihNs fiatM+s dk eksg rks ugha gSA

2


T;ksfr"kh ds djksM+ifr gksus dk jgL;tc jktusrk djksM+ifr gks ldrs gSa]O;kikjh djksM+ifr gks ldrs gSa rks vU;oxksZa ds yksx djksM+ifr D;ksa ugha gk sldrs\ dukZVd esa ,d T;ksfr"kh ds nksifjljk sa esa tc vk;dj foHkkx ds yksxksaus Nkik ekjk rks ;gh loky mBk;kx;kA vk;dj foHkkx dk dke gS fd tksyksx viuh vkenuh ij fu;ekuqlkjVSDl ugha ns jgs gSa] mudh [kkst dhtk,A mls flQZ vius VSDl ls erycgSA dukZVd eas ml T;ksfr"kh ds ckjs eas, sl h tkudkjh feyh Fk h fd ogjktusrkvksa ds cgqr djhc gS vkSj mldsnks&nks 'kkunkj vkokl gSaA blds cknHkh og VSDl ugha ns jgk gSA vk;djfoHkkx dk vuqeku lgh lkfcr gqvkAvf/kdkfj;ksa us tc mlds nksuksa vkoklksaij Nkik ekjk rks 1-7 djksM+ #i;s dhudnh cjken gqbZA jkT; esa vHkh gky

gh fo/kkulHkk ds pquko lEiUu gq, gSavkSj T;ksfrf"k;ksa dh dek;h dk ;ghlgkyx ekuk tkrk gSA ;g dek;h] tksVSDl pksjh djds dh tkrh gS] dkyk /ku dgykrk gSA ns'k dh dbZ xaHkhjleL;kvksa esa ,d ;g Hkh gSA

csaxywj ds vkjVh uxj vkSj vkf'k;kuk

jktusrk vkSj ukSdj'kkg viuk iSlk [kpZ dSls dj jgs gSaAT;ksfr"kh dks nh x;h jde rks cgqr ekewyh gSA bl dkys èkuls fofHkUu izdkj dh laifRr tqVkbZ tkrh gSA T;knkrjfgLlk tehu esa [kpZ fd;k tkrk gSA dbZ txg IykV vkSjedku rFkk QkeZ gkml cuok, tkrs gSaA foRrh; [kqfQ;kbdkbZ ¼,QvkbZ;w½ bldh tkap dj jgh gSA vHkh rd blekeys esa fLoV~tjyS.M vkSj vU; ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa esa cSadksa easiSlk tek djus dh ppkZ gksrh jgh gS ysfdu ns'k ds vUnjgh fdruk dkyk èku bdV~Bk gS] mldks Hkh ckgj ykus dht:jr gSA jktuhfr esa LoPNrk ds fy;s bldh T;knkvko';drk gksrh gSA

,DlVsa'ku eas T;ksfr"kh ds ?kj eas 40yk[k #i;s udn j[ks gk sus dh lwpukvk;dj foHkkx dks yxh FkhA ;g ckr

igys fuok Zpu vk;k sx dks irk pyhAbl T;ksfr"kh ds ?kj ij jktusrkvksa dkcgqr vkuk&tkuk gksrk gSA blh lanHkZ easpquko vk;ksx us vk'k adk trk;h Fkh fddgha pquko esa rks bldk nq#i;ksx ughafd;k tk jgk gSA fuokZpu vk;ksx dsfunsZ'k ij gh vk;dj foHkkx ds vf/

kdkfj;ksa us Nkik ekjkA Nkis ds nkSjku1-70 djksM+ #i;s udn cjken Hkh gq,AfQygky udnh j[kh gksus ls pquko easdksbZ xM+cM+h dk lcwr ugha feyk gSAbldk eryc ;g fd ernkrkvksa dksyqHkkus ds fy;s bldk dksbZ nq#i;ksxugha fd;k x;k gSA vc vk;dj vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ds rgr Nkuchu dhtk jgh gSA

bl Nkis ls ,d ckr rks irk pyhfd jktusrk T;ksfr"k ij fdruk ;dhuj[krs gSaA dukZVd ds usrkvksa us viukHkfo"; laokjus ds fy;s ,d T;ksfr"kh dksdjksM+ifr cuk fn;k gSA bl T;ksfr"khdh rjg vU; yksxksa dk HkkX; Hkh peds];gh bZ'oj ls izkFk Zuk djuh pkfg,Avk;dj foHkkx dh Dyhu fpV feytk, rks djksM+ifr T;ksfr"kh dks gekjkHkh lyke ysfdu dkyk /ku blh rjgtqVk;k tkrk gSA vk;dj foHkkx usvius iz;klksa ls 1400 djksM+ #i;s dkdkyk /ku [kkst fudkyk gSA foRr ea=ky;us pkyw l= ds rhu eghuksa esa brukdkyk /ku idM+k gS rks ns'k esa dkys/kudk vuqeku fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;gv?kksf"kr vk; vkSj lEifRr gSA vk;djfoHkkx us blds fy;s fo'ks"k tkap lfefrvkSj foRrh; [kqfQ;k bdkbZ ¼,QvkbZ;w½cuk j[kh gSA ,QvkbZ;w us dsUnzh; izR;{k

3


dj cksMZ ¼lhchMhVh½ us 32000 lafnX/kcSafdax ysu nsu ds ckjs esa lrdZ fd;kFkkA lafnX/k ysu&nsu fjiksVksZa dh tkapds ckn 1408 djksM+ #i;s dh v?kksf"krvk; vkSj lEifRr dk irk pyk gSAlafnX/k ysu&nsu fjiksVZ 10 yk[k #i;s;k blls vf/kd ds ysu&nsu ij gksrhgSA vk;dj foHkkx ds vuqlkj bl lkytuojh ls ekpZ ds chp ,QvkbZ;w uslhchMhVh dks 32098 ,lVhvkj Hksth gSAvk;dj foHkkx us djhc 21 djksM+ #i;sdh lEifRr tCr Hkh dh gSA ljdkj ns'kesa dkys /ku ds izokg ij vadq'k yxkusds fy;s dbZ dne mBk jgh gS ysfduljdkj esa cSBs yksx gh dkys/ku dksc<+kok Hkh ns jgs gSaA dsUnz ls ysdj jkT;ksard ;gh izof̀Rr ns[kus dks fey jgh gSA

dukZVd dk gh ekeyk ysa rks ;gkapquko ds le; mEehnokjksa us viuhvk; dk tks gyQukek fn;k] mllsirk pyrk gS fd T;knkrj rks vjcifrgSaA bu usrkvksa us ;fn ,d T;ksfr"kh dksdjksM+ifr cuk fn;k rks dksbZ cM+h ckrugha gS ysfdu ml lEifRr dk C;kSjk Hkhvius [kpZ esa ntZ fd;k vFkok ughaAvkerkSj ij dksbZ Hkh usrk ;g ughacrkrk fd mlus brus #i;s T;k sfr"khdks fn;s gSaA ;g ,d rjg ls VSDl dhpksjh gSA ernkrkvksa dks Hkys gh blls uyqHkk;k x;k gks] ij VSDl dh pksjht:j dh x;h gSA gkyk afd vHkh tkapizfØ;k py jgh gS] blfy, dqN Hkhurhtk fudkyuk Bhd ugha gSA jkT; esaubZ ljdkj cu tk,xh rks lHkh dk/;ku ml rjQ pyk tk,xkA bu ckrk sadks Hkh 'kk;n nck fn;k tk,A iwoZorhZljdkj ds dbZ ea=h yksdk;qDr dh tkapeas blfy, nks"kh ik;s x;s FksA blfy,pquko ds ckn Hkh ;g ekeyk ncuk ughapkfg, fd dksbZ T;ksfr"kh dSls djksM+ifrcu tkrk gSA

jktusrkvk sa ds ikl lEifRr dSls vkrhgS] ;g rks ppkZ dk fo"k; jgrk gSA vHkhgky esa dsUnzh; jsy ea=h iou dqekjcaly dk ekeyk lkeus vk;k gS ftlesamUgksaus vius Hkkats ds dgus ij ,d jsyvf/kdkjh dks jsyos cksMZ dk lnL; cukfn;kA bl ekeys esa nks djksM+ dk lkSnkr; gqvk FkkA blh izdkj 2th LisDVªe

ekeys esa Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd ftudEifu;ksa ;k yksxk sa dks igys vkvks]igys ikvks dh uhfr ds rgr LisDVªevkoafVr fd;k x;k] mUgksaus Hkh ea=h lsysdj muds pgsrs uk Sdj'kkgk s a vk Sjjktusrkvks a dks mid`r fd;kA dk syvkoaVu ?kksVkys eas Hkh ;gh ckr lkeusvk jgh gS vkSj mRrj izns'k ds cgqpfpZrjk"Vªh; xzkeh.k LokLF; fe'ku dk;ZØeesa Hkh ftuls dke fy;k x;k] mUgkasusviuh gSfl;r ds fglkc ls d`rkFkZ Hkhfd;kA

vc bldk nwljk igys Hkh ppkZ easvk jgk gS fd ;s jktusrk vkSj ukSdj'kkgviuk iSlk [kpZ dSls dj jgs gSaA T;ksfr"kh

dks nh x;h jde rks cgqr ekewyh gSAbl dkys /ku ls fofHkUu izdkj dhlaifRr tqVkbZ tkrh gSA T;knkrj fgLlktehu esa [kpZ fd;k tkrk gSA dbZ txgIykV vkSj edku rFkk QkeZ gkmlcuok, tkrs gSaA foRrh; [kqfQ;k bdkbZ¼,QvkbZ;w½ bldh tkap dj jgh gSAvHkh rd bl ekeys esa fLoV~tjyS.MvkSj vU; ,f'k;kbZ ns'kk sa esa cSadksa eas iSlktek djus dh ppkZ gk srh jgh gS ysfduns'k ds vUnj gh fdruk dkyk /kubdV~Bk gS] mldks Hkh ckgj ykus dht:jr g SA jktuh fr e s a LoPNrkds fy;s bldh T;knk vko';drk gksrhgSA

Û dbZ vkfo"dkj vutkus esa gks x, tSls vuczsdoy ;k u VwVus okyk 'kh'kkcukus dh fof/k Hkh crkSj nq?k ZVuk ds izkIr gqbZA1903 esa ,d oSKkfud ,MQksMZ csusfMdVl viuhjlk;u 'kkyk esa fdLe&fdLe ds iz;ksxksa dsfy, vyx&vyx ck sryksa esa jlk;u j[krs FksA,d fnu bfUrQkd ls lsY;qykbM dh cksry'k sYQ ls uhps fxj xbZ vkSj mUgk saus vk'p;Zpfdr gksdj ns[kk fd cksry fpVdh Fkh ysfdumlds VqdM+s fc[kjs ughaA mUgksaus mldh tkapdh rks ik;k fd ml ij lsY;qykbM dh irZ p<+hFkh ftlls ,slk gqvkA cl mUgksaus mlh ls izsj.kkysdj dkap ds fuek Z.k dh izfØ;k ds e/; esa dkap ij ukbVªk s lsY;qykst dh irZp<+k nh vkSj ,d fo'ks"k izdkj ds etcwr dk ap dk fuek Z.k gks x;kA budk mi;ksxdkj o vU; ek sVj xkfM+;k sa esa gk srk gSA

Û lkekU; Kku dh lcls og̀n o Hkjksls ean iqLrd balkbDyksihfM;k fczVkfu;kdk igyk laLdj.k lu~ 1768 ls 1777 ds e/; esagqvk FkkA rc blds laiknd Fks fofy;e LekbyhrFkk rhu [kaMksa esa Nih FkhA vius izFke izdk'kuls gh ;g csgn yksdfiz; gks xbZ FkhA lu~ 1911rd blds 11 laLdj.k Nis Fks D;ksafd ,d laLdj.kdks viVw MsV djus esa dbZ o"k Z yx tkrs Fk sA lu~1901 ls ;g vejhdk esa Nius yxh FkhA vcblds dqy 32 [kaM gks pqds gSaA fiNys o"k Z ls ;g flQZ lkbcj QkeZ esa gh miyC/k gksxh rFkk dkxth :i ds laLdj.k dk var gks pqdk gSA

Û nksifg;k vkSj pkSifg;k okguksa esa iz;ksx gksusokys Vk;jks a dh nqfu;k e sa dqy 450 ls T;knkdkj[kkus gSa vkSj buesa gj lky gj lkbt ds yxHkx,d vjc Vk;j curs gSaA vktdy ds Vk;jksa esa jcjde vkSj uk;ykWu] js;ku rFkk ik sfy,LVj bR;kfndk iz;ksx gksrk gSA Vk;j dk ifg;k pkgs ftruk HkhcM+k gks ysfdu ,d ckj esa ,d Vk;j yxHkx 8 bapdk fgLlk gh lM+d ds lEidZ esa jgrk gSA

4


;wih ds vQljksa easlq/kkj dh t:jr

lik ds eqf[k;k eqyk;e flag us dbZ ckj bl ekeys eas lpsr Hkh fd;kgSA mUgkasus dgk Fkk ljdkj f<ykbZ ls ugha pyrhA dk;ZdrkZvks a dhf'kdk;r ij vQljksa dh rjQ b'kkjk djrs gq, Jh eqyk;e flag usdgk Fkk fd vxj vQlj euekuh djrs jgsaxs rks blls ljdkj dh Nfo[kjkc gksxhA bl ckr dh lPpkbZ xr lkr ebZ dks ml le; lkeus vk;htc bykgkckn gkbZdksVZ dh y[kuÅ ihB us izns'k ds dbZ vQljksa dksfgjklr esa j[kk x;kA vQlj'kkgh ds fy;s ;g 'keZ dh ckr rks gS gh]ljdkj ds fy;s Hkh fparktud gS fd vQlj vnkyr dh ckr Hkh ughalqurs gSaA vke turk rks ;g eglwl djus yxh gS fd ljdkj dqN Hkhdgs ysfdu vQlj viuh ethZ ls gh dke djsaxsA

dk;Zikfydk dh euekuh] mnklhurkvkSj rkuk'kkgh yksdra= dk s detksjdjrh gSA mRrj izns'k e sa e q[;e a=hvf[kys'k ;kno dks muds firk vkSjlik ds eqf[k;k eqyk;e flag us dbZ ckjbl ekeys eas lpsr Hkh fd;k gSA mUgkasusdgk Fkk ljdkj f<ykbZ ls ugha pyrhAdk;ZdrkZvksa dh f'kdk;r ij vQljksadh rjQ b'kkjk djrs gq, Jh eqyk;eflag us dgk Fkk fd vxj vQlj euekuhdjrs jgsaxs rks blls ljdkj dh Nfo[kjkc gksxhA bl ckr dh lPpkbZ xrlkr ebZ dks ml le; lkeus vk;h tcbykgkckn gkbZdksVZ dh y[kuÅ ihB usizns'k ds dbZ vQljksa dks fgjklr esaj[kk x;kA vQlj'kkgh ds fy;s ;g'keZ dh ckr rks gS gh] ljdkj ds fy;sHkh fparktud gS fd vQlj vnkyrdh ckr Hkh ugha lqurs gSaA vke turkrks ;g eglwl djus yxh gS fd ljdkjdqN Hkh dgs ysfdu vQlj viuh ethZls gh dke djsaxsA

vnkyr ds vkns'k&funsZ'k u ekuusds ekeyksa esa bykgkckn gkbZdksVZ dhy[kuÅ fLFkr nks vyx&vyx ihBk sa usizeq[k lfpo xg̀ vkj,e JhokLro] izeq[klfpo LVkEi o fuca/ku oh,e ehuk]vij vk;qDr iz'kklu QStkckn 'kSysUnzd qe k j fl ag d s l k F k db Zvf/kdkfj;ka dks fnu Hkj ds fy;s viuh

fgjklr e sa j[k k A blds i wo Z ,dftykf/kdkjh dks Hkh vnkyr eas [kM+kjguk iM+k FkkA vnkyr us fVIi.kh dhfd vf/kdkjh ;g dgdj cp ugha ldrsfd mudh ftEesnkjh ugha FkhA U;k;ewfrZMk- lrh'k pUnzk o U;k;ewfrZ lq/khjvxzoky dh ihB us vf/kdkfj;ksa dks dM+hQVdkj yxkrs gq, fcuk 'krZ ekQhek axus o Hkfo"; eas xyrh u djus dk'kiFk i= ysdj 10&10 gtkj #i;s dkgtkZuk Hkh fd;k gSA ,d ekeyk iwoZea=h jkeohj mik/;k; dks lqj{kk nsus dkFkkA blds fy;s izeq[k lfpo xg̀ vkj,eJhokLro dks ryc fd;k x;k FkkA iwoZea=h jkeohj mik/;k; dh okbZ Js.kh dhlqj{kk 2007 eas gh okil ys yh x;h FkhA;g clik ljdkj ds le; dh ckr gSAJh mik/;k; us vnkyr dh 'kj.k yhAvnkyr us jkeohj mik/;k; dh ;kfpdkij fopkj fd;s tkus dk funsZ'k fn;kAvQljk sa us bl ij fopkj ugha fd;kAblh izdkj QStkckn ds ,d O;fDr usnkf[ky [kkfjt dk ekeyk vnkyr esaizLrqr fd;k FkkA vij vk;qDr iz'kkluQStkckn 'kSysUnz dqekj flag us bl ij/;ku ugha fn;kA bl ij voekuuk;kfpdk izLrqr dh x;h FkhA izeq[klfpo LVkEi ,oa fuca/ku ch,e ehuk dsÅij vkjk si Fkk fd 2007 esa mudsfoHkkx dks ,d vkns'k vnkyr us fn;k

Fkk ysfdu mldk ikyu 2012 eas fd;kx;kA ihB ds le{k ch,e ehuk dhrjQ ls dgk x;k fd mUgkasus 2012 dhtqykbZ eas foHkkx dk dk;ZHkkj laHkkyk FkkvkSj tc mudks voekuuk dh uksfVlfeyh rks mUgksaus vkns'k dk ikyu djfn;kA vnkyr us dgk fd vf/kdkjh;g cgkuk cukdj cp ugha ldrs fdiwoZ ds vf/kdkjh us viuh ftEesnkjhugha fuHkkbZA

njvly] bl chp vnkyr ij Hkhmaxyh mBus yxh FkhA vnkyr us izns'kdh jkt/kkuh eas gh tulqfo/kkvksa dksns[krs gq, dbZ vkns'k tkjh fd;s gSaysfdu mudk ikyu ugha gks jgk gSAelyu lM+dksa dks 'kh?kz cukus] lQkbZdh mfpr O;oLFkk djus] is;ty dhmiyC/krk tSls ekeyksa eas Hkh vQljksa usvnkyr ds funsZ'kksa dh voekuuk dh gSAjkt/kkuh ds dbZ vQlj vnkyr esaryc Hkh gks pqds gSaA bl ckj vnkyr usT;knk l[r #[k viukdj fnu Hkj dhfgjklr eas mUgas j[kk vkSj 10&10 gtkj#i;s dk gtkZuk Hkh Bksadk gSA vQljk sals futh eqpydk Hkh fy;k x;k ftlesaH k fo"; e as xyfr;k a u nk sgjkus dkvk'oklu bu vQljksa us fn;k gSA jkt/kkuh esa gh ugha izns'k Hkj esa okguksa lsdkyh fQYe] tks fu/kk Zfjr ekud lsT;knk gS] mrkjus dk vkns'k fn;k tkpqdk gSa ysfdu vHkh fdrus gh okgu ,slsfn[k tk;saxs tks bruh xk<+h dkyh fQYep<+k;s gq, gSa ftlls irk ugha pyrk fddkj ds vanj D;k gks jgk gSA fnYyh esarks blh rjg dh cl esa ,d iSjkesfMdy

5


foKkiu njsaQqy ist gkQ ist DokVZj ist

doj dk vkf[kjh i`"B ¼dyj½ 20,000/- 10,000/- 5,000/-

dpj dk Hkhrjh i`"B izFke ¼dyj½ 18,000/- 9,000/- 4,500/-

doj dk Hkhrjh i`"B vfUre ¼dyj½ 16,000/- 8,000/- 4,000/-

vUnj ds i`"B ¼dyj½ 12,000/- 6,000/- 3,000/-

vUnj ds i`"B CySd ,.M ºokbV 8,000/- 5,500/- 2,500/-

ekuo vf/kdkj vkt dyfgUnh ekfld if=dk

Nk=k ls lkewfgd nqjkpkj gksus ij iwjsns'k esa gaxkek gqvk FkkA dqN fnuksa rdokguksa dh tkap&iM+rky gqb Z ysfdufQj lc dqN oSls gh pyrk jgkA mRrjizns'k Hkh blh uD'ks dne ij py jgkgS Ldwyh okguksa dh tkap&iM+rky bufnuksa rsth ls gks jgh gS ysfdu loky;g fd brus okgu voS/k :i ls LdwyhcPpksa dks fdl rjg [krjs esa Mky jgsgSaA bldh tkap&iM+rky fu;fer gksrhjgs rks yksxksa eas Hk; iSnk gksxk vkSj cPpksadks lqj{kk feysxhA xr fnuksa ,d Ldwydh oSu esa vkx yxh Fkh] rks dqN fnuksads fy;s vQlj lfØ; gks x;sA blizdkj turk ls lh/k s tqM+s ekeyksa esaljdkj vnkyr dh ckr ugha lqu jghgSA

;g ckr eq[;ea=h vf[kys'k ;knodks Hkh vc ekywe gks tkuh pkfg,AmUgkasus yksdlHkk pquko dh rS;kjh dsfy;s lHkh oxksZa dks [kq'k djus dk iz;kltksj&'kksj ls 'k q: dj j[kk gSA viusoknksa dks fuHkkrs gq, csjkstxkjk sa dks HkRrkfn;k gS]

dU;k/ku ;k stuk ds psd ckaVs x;svkSj Nk=ksa dk s ySiVki nsdj mUgksausljkguk izkIr dh gS ysfdu vQljksa ijvHkh udsy ugha dlh tk ldh gSA lclsT;knk euekuh rks iqfyl foHkkx ds vf/kdkjh dj jgs gSaA bl ckr dh dbZf'kdk;rsa Hkh feyha vkSj iqfyl dfeZ;k sadks fuyfEcr Hkh fd;k x;k gSA izns'k

Hkj esa yxus okys rglhy fnolksa ijfdruh gh f'kdk;rsa vkrh gSaA eq[;ea=hdk turk njckj Hkh yxrk gS tksdHkh&dHkh nwljs e a=h ;k fo/kk;dlapkfyr djrs gSaA bueas tks Hkh f'kdk;rsavkrh gSa] os vQljksa dh ykijokgh dhgksrh gSaA bldk eryc gS fd vQljk saij ljdkj ds funsZ'k dk Hkh vlj ughagk srk gSA xr lkr ebZ dks jkt/kkuh easbZlkb;ksa us izn'kZu fd;k FkkA vkerkSjij bZlkbZ leqnk; 'kk ar ekuk tkrk gSAmUgksaus iqfyl ij izrkM+uk dk vkjksi

yxk;k gSAbl izdkj vQlj'kkgh dk izns'k dh

ljdkj dh Nfo ij xyr vlj iM+jgk gSA ljdkj dks vnkyr ds #[k lslh[k ysus dh t:jr gS fd vQljk sa easukQjekuh dh vnkr dSls cnyh tk,Aljdkj dh dY;k.kdkjh ;kstukvksa dhlQyrk Hkh bUgha vQljksa ij fVdh gSAdsUnz ljdkj dh eujsxk tSlh ;kstuk esaHk z"Vkpkj ,sls gh vf/kdkfj;ksa ds pyrsQSyk gSA blfy, vQljksa ij yxkedluk t:jh gks x;k gSA

ljcthr flag ds ekeys esa ; wih,ljdkj ij dqN u djus dk vkjk siyxk;k tk jgk gS] ysfdu lp ;g gSfd H k k j r ljdkj u s lj cthr dhfjgkbZ ds fy, viuh rjQ ls Hkjiwjdk sf 'k 'k dhA ikfdLr ku bls V kyrkjgkA 2010 ls 2012 ds chp Hkkjr usi k fdLr ku l s ck rp hr e s a 1 2 ck jljcthr dh fjgkbZ dk elyk mBk;kAlokZ sPp Lrj ij Hkh ;g elyk mBk;ktkrk jgkA

nLrkost crkrs gSa fd Hkkjr us fons'klfpoksa dh cSBd esa pkj ckj ;g elykmBk;kA ikfdLrku ds x`g eaf=;ksa vkSjx`g lfpoksa us nks&nks ckj bl eqís dklkeuk fd;kA xkSjryc gS fd ljcthrds ekeys us tc ls tksj idM+k] Hkkjrus gj laHko ekSds ij ;g ekax mBkbZAbl otg ls ikfdLrku dh Hkkjr ls

Hkkjr dks Vjdkrk jgk ikdlacaèk lqèkkjus dh bPNk dk ekinaM ;glo ky cu x; k F k k i kd ljd k jljct hr d s loky ij d Sl k #[kviukrh gSA

çèkkuea=h eueksgu flag us 2005 esagh U;w;‚dZ esa rRdkyhu ikd jk"V ªifrijost eq'kjZQ ds lkFk ckrphr esa ;gelyk mBk;k FkkA vkSj rc eq'kjZQ usmUg sa Hkjkslk fnyk;k Fkk fd ikfdLrkubl e key s dk s e kuoh ; vk è k k j ijfuiV k,x kA muds bl vkÜoklu d sckn rRdkyhu fon s'k ea=h ds uVojflag us igys ikd mPpk;qä ds lkFkvkSj fQj eq'kjZQ ds lkFk ckrphr esabl elys dks mBk;k FkkA Q‚yksvi dsrkSj ij fons'k ea=ky; us 2006 esa Hkhikd fon s'k e a=ky; dk s bl ckj s e safy[kk FkkA

pwafd ;g elyk ljdkj ds lkFkckrphr esa 'kkfey gks x;k Fkk] blfy,ljcthr ds loky ij ikd ljdkjds #[k esa FkksM+h ujeh rks fn[kh] ysfduljcthr dh fjgkb Z ij fopkj dju sdk ladsr mlus ugh a fn;kA 2005 esaljcthr dks dk amlayj ,sDl sl gkflygk s x;kA blds ckn mlds lkFk ,slhik ap vkSj ehfV ax g qb ZaA vkf[kjh ehfV ax6 flracj 2012 dks gqbZA mlds ifjokjdk s Hkh ikfdLrku tkdj mlls feyusdh nk s ckj btktr nh xbZA n wljhe qykdkr twu 2011 dk s gqbZA

exj ;s lc fj;k;rsa ,d rjg lsc sdkj gh lk fcr g qb Z a tc 26 vç Sy2013 dk s ykgkSj dh tsy esa ljcthrij dSfn;k sa dk tkuysok geyk g qvkAbldh otg ls 3 ebZ 2013 dks mudhekSr gks xbZA

6


dksyxsV ekeys ij igyh lquokbZlekIr gk s xbZA ysfdu tc rd lhchvkbZviuk gyQukek nk;j ugha djrh rcrd ,slh dksbZ vVdy yxkuk eqf'dy gSfd D;k jkLrk viuk;k tk,A foi{k rksogh dj jgk gS tks mls djuk pkfg,vkSj ehfM;k Hkh fookn ppkZ dks vusddksuk sa ls ns[k jgk gSA dkaxzsl us Hkh vafrefLFkfr Li"V gksus rd bartkj djus dkfcYdqy lgh jkLrk viuk;k g SA vusdyksx FkksM+h&cg qr tkudkjh j[krs gks ax s

lqçhe dksVZ dh jk; u ekuuk ?kkrd gksxkysfdu cgqr de ,sls yksx gSa tks lEiw.kZifj–'; ls ifjfpr gSaA lhchvkbZ çeq[k}kjk viuh fjiksVZ çLrqr fd, tkus dsckn gh vlyh rLohj Li"V gksxhA rcrd ehfM;k dh lHkh fjiksVsaZ ^yhd* gqbZtkudkfj;ks a ij vkèkkfjr gSa vkSj budkvfèkd egRo ughaA

bl gdhdr ls badkj ugha fd;k tkldrk fd Hkkjr esa dkuwu dk jkt gSvkSj lqçhe dksVZ }kjk O;ä dh xbZ jk;dk lEeku gj gkyr esa fd;k tkukpkfg,A ,slk u gqvk rks ge vjktdrkdh nyny esa Qal tk,ax sA fdlh HkhikVhZ esa dksbZ O;fä ikVhZ ls cM+k ughagk srkA vkt dh fLFkfr;ks a es a tk s yk sxvkjksi&çR;kjksi ds [ksy esa yxs gq, gSa] osviuh&viuh ikVhZ dks uqdlku gh igqapkjgs gSa] tks dsoy ,d lhek rd gh lgufd;k tk ldrk gSA

xousaZl dh lEiw.kZ ç.kkyh vkSj ljdkjds rhuks a Hkkxk s a e s a ifjor Zu vVy gSaAmrkoysiu esa dksb Z dne mBkuk cgqrxaHkhj xyrh gksxh vkSj ,d xyrh Bhddjus ds fy, Hkfo"; esa ge dbZ vU;leL;k,a [kM +h dj ysax sA vkt gekjkçcaèk r a= cg qr xM+cM+k;k gqvk gS vkSjftu yksxksa dk pquko ge 'kklu pykusds fy, djrs gSa] mUg sa dbZ çdkj dsfu;a=.kk sa vkSj tokcnsgh ds varxZr dkedjuk gk srk gSA ge ,slh fLFkfr esa igqappqds gSa tgka ek= vius foosd ds vkèkkjij QSlyk ysus okys O;fä dks vHkh ;kfjVk;jesaV ds ,d&nk s n'kd ckn HkhdV?kjs esa [kM+k fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,slsesa ;fn fdlh Hkh Lrj ij dksbZ fu.kZ;ugha fy;k tk jgk gS rks blesa gSjku gksusdh dksbZ ckr ughaA

lao Sèkk fud inks a ,oa U;k;ikfydk ds

fy, tokcnsgh ds fl)kar r; gSa ysfdu;s dkykrhr fu;eksa ij vkèkkfjr gSa ftldsdkj.k dksbZ Hkh dkjZokbZ dj ikuk yxHkxvlaHko g SA tk s Hkh ljdkj cusxh] ,slsvlarqyu ds gksrs 'kklu pykus ds ;ksX;ugha gk sxhA ;gh vkt dh tehuh fLFkfrgSA

vxyk pquko 2014 esa gk suk gS tksfQj ,d xBcaèku ljdkj dks tUe nsxkftlds vusd vax gksaxs tks vyx&vyxfn'kkvksa esa [khapsaxsA fLFkfr orZeku ls Hkh

cnrj gk s tk,xh vk Sj bl rjg gevfLFkjrkiw.kZ ekgkSy esa ços'k djsaxsA 'kk;n;g fLFkfr igys gh vk igqaph gSA vktxyr vkSj Bhd esa Hksn djuk eqf'dycuk gqvk gS vkSj vfèkd ls vfèkd ekeysÅijh vnkyrksa dh vksj èkdsys tk jgsgSaA vkadM+s crkrs gSa fd fupys Lrj dhvnkyrksa ls yksxksa dk fo'okl mB pqdkgSA ge nks"k yxkuk tkjh j[k ldrs gSaysfdu leL;k rks xousaZl ds çR;sd {ks=esa lqèkkj ls gh gy gksxhA

fpV QaM ekeyk ,d fopkj.kh; uqäkgSA Hkfo"; esa bl rjg ds ?kksVkyksa ijvadq'k yxs] bl g sr q lsch vkSj lqçhedksVZ nksuk sa us gh fcYdqy lgh LVSaM fy;kgS ysfdu jkrks a&jkr vehj cuku s okyh^iksath*] Ldheksa dks vatke nsus okyksa dkstsy esa Mkyus ds lkFk gh ;g Hkh /;kujgs fd ,slh ;kstuk,a ns'k Hkj esa QSyh gqbZgSa vkSj ;fn buds ns'kO;kih Lo:i dhvuns[kh dh xbZ rks ?kksVkyscktksa ls cjkengksus okyh jkf'k fcYdqy rqPN gksxhA

dkQh o"kksaZ ls ;g ç.kkyh fcuk fdlhdks Hkud yxs pyrh vkbZ gS vkSj bldhekdsZfVax ds fy, vusd çdkj ds rjhdsviuk, x, gSaA

bu Ldheksa esa [kkl rkSj ij fuEu] e/; oxZ vkSj nsgkrh xjhcksa dks y{; cuk;kx;k g SA tc rd èkM +kèkM + fMikftVvkrk jgrk gS lc dqN Bhd&Bkd çrhrgksrk gSA ysfdu tSls gh udnh dk çokg#drk gS vpkud ge [kqn dks ladV esaf?kjk ikrs gSaA geus ?kksVkys rks dbZ ns[ks gSaysfdu bl ?kk sVkys esa n sgkrh {k s=ks a dsvR;ar xjhc yksxksa rd vkap igqaph gSA;g ?kksVkyk gtkjksa djksM+ #i, dk gksldrk gSA

Qkbukal dEifu;ka fpV QaM ls fHkUu

g k srh g S aA vu sd jkT;k s a e s a l sch dhigydneh ij lkFk Zd dne mBk, x,gSaA bl ekeys esa eerk cuthZ vxz.kh gSavkSj nwljksa ds fy, mnkgj.k gSaA fcgkjvkSj mM+hlk esa Hkh Nkisekjh dh [kcjsa vkjgh gSa ysfdu ^iksath* Ldheksa dk ok;jlvU; dbZ jkT;ksa e sa Hkh QSyk g qvk g SAxkSjryc gS fd dsoy mM+hlk jkT; esa gh4 gtkj fpV QaM dEifu;ka dk;Zjr gSavkSj muds }kjk vuqekfur 20]000 djksM+#i, dk ?kk sVkyk fd;k x;k gSA

Hk ktik ds 'k h"k Z in ij fQj lsvQjk&rQjh eph gqbZ gS vkSj ikVhZ dsfy, ;g nq[kn ckr ;g gS fd dukZVdesa Hkktik ijkftr gks x;hA gkj dk ,ddkj.k 'kh"k Z Lrj ij usr`Ro dh detksjHkh jgkA cs'kd 'kh"kZ usrR̀o esa ls dksbZ HkhdukZVd esa gq, Hkz"Vkpkj esa 'kkfey ughaFkk] fQj Hkh dukZVd esa ikVhZ dks Hkkjhu qDl ku ig qap k D;k s afd i wo Z e q[;e a= h;sfí;qjIik vk Sj jsìh caèk qvks a u s [kqn dksdkuwu ls Åij le> fy;k FkkA csYykjhftys dh jktuhfr dks fu;af=r djusokys jsìh caèkqvksa vkSj ;sfí;qjIik ds ifjokjdks Hkkjh èku >ksadus ds ckotwn gky ghesa gq, LFkkuh; fudk;ksa ds pqukoksa esa cqjhrjg gkj dk eqag ns[kuk iM+kA ;g lafnXèk<axk sa l s vikj lEifÙk bdëh dj pqdsvkaèk z çns'k ds txueksgu jsìh ds usrR̀ookyh okbZ,lvkj dkaxzsl ds fy, Hkh 'kqHkladsr ughaA

pquko gekj s vklikl eaMjk jgs g SavkSj gj dksbZ yM+kdqvksa tSlh Hkk"kk bLrsekydj jgk gSA db;ksa ds c;ku rks fcYdqygh csgqnk vkSj vthcks&xjhc g Sa ysfdupquko esa ;g lc pyrk gSA cs'kd orZekunkSj esa bldk dk sb Z vfèkd ykHk ugh agk sxk D;ksafd ?kVukØe dh fn'kk fuèkkZfjrdjus okys vU; dbZ egRoiw.kZ eqís Hkh gSaA

ljcthr ds ekeys esa gesa ,slh =klnh>syuh iM+h gS] ftls 'kCnksa esa c;ku ughafd;k tk ldrkA mUgsa ;kruk,a n sdjikfdLrku dh tsy esa 'kghn dj fn;kx;kA ikfdLrku bl le; Hk;kog fLFkfresa gS ftls vusd çdkj ds vkradh fxjk sgfu;af=r dj jgs gSaA vkradh ns'k cu pqdsikfdLrku esa ljdkj ds uke ij cnek'kk sadk fxjk sg jkt dj jgk g S vk Sj gesablls fuiVuk iM+ jgk gSA

7


fctyh vkt NÙkhlx<+ ds fodkldh ,d etcwr cqfu;kn cu pqdh gS]ftl ij jkT; dh çxfr vkSj [kq'kgkyhdh ,d u;h bekjr [kM+h gks jgh gSAçns'k esa miyCèk fctyh ds 'kgjksa dslkFk&lkFk nwj&njkt ds xk aok sa] fdlkuksads [ksr] [kfygkuksa] m|ksxksa vkSj xjhcksadh >ksiM+h rd igqapkus ds lkFkZd ç;kljkT; ljdkj }kjk fd, tk jgs gSaAjkT; esa fctyh dh lqyHkrk ls d`f"kvkSj vkS|ksfxd {ks= dh fujarj çxfrgks jgh gSA çns'k esa d`f"k fodkl njjk"Vªh; d`f"k vk Slr fodkl nj lsvfèkd gSA m|ksxksa esa Hkh futh iwathfuos'k ls mRlkg dk okrkoj.k gSAokf.kT; vkSj m|k sx ds foLrkj lsjkstxkj ds u;s volj Hkh fufeZr gksjgs gSaA NÙkhlx<+ esa [ksrksa dh flapkbZds fy, pk Sc hl k s a ? k aV s fctyh dhmiyCèkrk gS] xkaok sa dh pkSikyksa esa jkresa Hkh fctyh ls mft;kjk jgrk gS]blls xzkeh.k tuthou e sa lpeqpxfr'khyrk vk x;h gSA cPpksa dks i<+kb Zfy[kkbZ ds fy, rks xzkeh.kk sa dks viusdke&dkt dks fuiVkus ds fy, i;kZIrle; fey tkrk gSA çns'k esa xq.koÙkki w.k Zfctyh dh vkckèk vkiwfrZ us ;gka dsfdlkuksa] etnwjk sa vkSj vke ukxfjdksalfgr cPpksa vkSj fo|kfFk Z;k sa dks csgrjthou 'kSyh fodflr djus ds ekeysesa ,d dne vkxs yk fn;k gSA NÙkhlx<+dk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn Mcy fMftVesa gS] ogha çfr O;fä vk; e sa Hk hmrjksÙkj o`f) gks jgh gSA NÙkhlx<+ esa'kSf{kd mixzg ds ekè;e ls f'k{kk dsçpkj&çlkj] 'kkldh; dk;k sZa vkSj turkls tqM+s dk;ksZa esa lwpuk çk S|k sfxdh vkSjohfM;ks dkUQsaflax tSlh vR;kèk qfudlqfoèkkvksa dk dq'kyrk vkSj O;kidrkds lkFk mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSAftlls vke turk dk s dkQh lgwfy;rgks jgh gSA NÙkhlx<+ esa eq[;ea=h M‚-jeu flag }kjk NÙkhlx<+ ;qok lwpukØkafr ;k stuk ds rgr gj lky fo|kfFkZ;k sadks ysiV‚i ckaVus dh 'kq:vkr dh xbZgSA fuf'p; gh bl vR;kèk qfud midj.k

fctyh cuh fodkl dh cqfu;knvkSj fctyh dh miyCèkrk ds dkj.kNÙkhlx<+ esa fo|kfFk Z;k sa dks ns'k&nqfu;kdh ubZ&ubZ tkudkfj;ka çkIr gks ldsaxhvkSj mudk Kkuk c<+sxkA fofHkUu jkT;ksae sa Hkh fo|kfFk Z;k sa dks ysiV‚i eq¶r esacaV jgs gSa] exj dbZ txgksa ij cxSjfctyh ds bu lcdk mi;ksx lhfer

gks tkrk gSA fctyh dh myCèkrk dsekeys esa NÙkhlx<+ ds fo|kfFk Z;k sa dsfy, ,slk dksbZ vojksèk ugha gSA fctyhds ekeys esa NÙkhlx<+ vkRe fuHk ZjjkT; gSA fiNys ik ap o"kksZa ls ;g ns'kdk igyk fctyh dVkSrh eqä bdykSrkjkT; gSA ;gka le;≤ ij fctyhds mRiknu esa c<+k srjh gks jgh gSA o"k Z2008 esa çns'k dh ÅtkZ uxjh dksjckesa yxHkx chl o"k Z ds ckn 500 esxko‚V{kerk ds M‚- ';keçlkn eq[ktÊ rkifctyh la;a= esa fctyh dk O;kolkf;dmRiknu çkjaHk gqvkA blds ckn blo"kZ 18 ekpZ 2013 dks dksjck if'perki fctyh ?kj dh ikap lkS esxko‚V{kerk dh bdkb Z dk s lQyrki wo ZdflUØksukbt dj fy;k x;k gSA blbdkb Z e s a fctyh dk O;kolkf;dmRiknu ekg twu rd çkjaHk gks tk,xkAeq[;ea=h M‚- jeu flag us fiNys o"k Ze kg uoEcj e s a vk; k sftr Xyk scybUo sLVlZ ehV esa vke af=r djus dsfy, tc ns'k ds egkuxjksa esa fuos'kdksadks ;g tkudkjh nh fd NÙkhlx<+ esavki vkB&vkB ?kaVksa dh rhu f'k¶Vksa esavius dkj[kkus pyk ldrs g Sa] rk sfuos'kdksa dks NÙkhlx<+ esa fctyh dhlqyHkrk dh tkudkjh feyhA fuos'kdksadh NÙkhlx<+ esa :fp c<+hA bUosLVlZehV e sa cM+h l a[;k esa fuo s'kdk sa us

'kk fey gk sdj NÙkhlx<+ dk s tkuusvkSj le>us dk ç;kl fd;k vkSj ;gkam|ksx LFkkfir djus ds le>kSrs Hkhfd,A çns'k esa fctyh dh c<+rh ekaxds lkFk&lkFk fctyh lacaèkh vèkkslajpukdks etcwr cukus dk dk;Z Hkh rsth lsfd;k tk jgk gSA blds fy, rhu o"kk sZae sa çns'k esa fctyh ds mRiknu] ikjs"k.kvkSj forj.k lacaèkh vèkkslajpuk ds fodklds fy, l=g gtkj djksM+ #i, dhykxr dh ifj;kstuk ij vey fd;ktk jgk gSA o"kZ 2012 esa eq[;ea=h usuxj lqjkt vfHk;ku ds nkSjku 'kgjh{ks=ksa esa fctyh vèkkslajpuk dks etcwrdju s d s fy , e q[; e a= h ' k g j hfo|qrhdj.k ;kstuk dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kAbl ;kstuk ds fy, 25 djksM+ :i, dkctV çkoèkku fd;k x;k gSA ubZ&ubZcfLr;k sa esa fctyh foLrkj djus esa blubZ ;k stuk ls lgk;rk fey ldsxhAvèkk slajpuk ds foLrkj ls çns'k ds dbZnwjLFk vapyksa esa yks oksYVst dh leL;kls vke turk dks eqfä feyh gSAnsoHkk sx vkSj eSuiqj bykds esa yksoksYVst dh leL;k nwj djus ds fy,xfj;kcan esa lc LVs'ku dh rS;kjh pyjgh gSA ukjk;.kiqj] dk s.Mkxkao vkSjlqdek esa lc LVs'ku dk fuekZ.k fd;ktk jgk gSA jkT; fuekZ.k ds le; 400ds-Ogh- {kerk dk çns'k esa ,d gh lcLVs'ku Fkk] vc jk;rk esa 400 ds-Ogh-{kerk dk u;k lc LVs'ku pkyw gksx;k gS vkSj txnyiqj esa ,slk gh lcLVs'ku fuek Z.kkèkhu gSA jkT; esa igys220 ds-Ogh- {kerk ds ik ap lc LVs'kuFks] tks vkt c<d+j 15 gks x, gSaAfiNys rhu lky esa 132 ds-Ogh-ds X;kjglc LVs'ku cuk, x,] vxys rhu lkyesa ,sls l=g lc LVs'ku cuk;s tk,axsAblh rjg 33 ds-Ogh- ds lc LVs'kuvc 248 ls c<d+j 815 gks x, gSaAfdlkuksa ds fl apkbZ iEiksa vkSj xjhcifjokjk sa dks ,dy cÙkh dusD'ku nsusesa Hkh ,d u;k dhfrZeku cuk;k x;kgSA çns'k esa xzkeh.k fo|qrhdj.kdk çfr'kr c<d+j 97-37 çfr'kr gksx;k gSA çns'k ds 19 gtkj 744 xkaoksae sa ls 19 gtkj 219 xkao fo|qrhdr̀ gSAuoEcj 2003 rd vkB gtkj 138 xkao

çns'k esa miyCèk fctyh ds 'kgjksads lkFk&lkFk nwj&njkt ds xkaoksa]fdlkuksa ds [ksr] [kfygkuksa] m|ksxksavkSj xjhcksa dh >ksiM+h rd igqapkusds lkFkZd ç;kl jkT; ljdkj }kjkfd, tk jgs gSaA

8


fo|qrhdr̀ Fk sA eq[;ea=h M‚- jeu flagNg ebZ 2013 ls çkjaHk gks jgh çns'kO;kih fodkl ;k=k ds nkSjku çns'k dsoukpayksa ds xkaok sa esa vke turk dksfodkl dk;k s Z a dh lk Sxkr n su s dslkFk&lkFk mtkys Hkh ckaVsaxsA eq[;ea=hçns'k ds vkfnoklh {ks=ksa ds 85 fodkl[kaMksae sa 13 yk[k ifjokjk sa dks lkSj ÅtkZvkèkkfjr lk syj ySEi vkSj 16 yk[k 50gtkj Ldwyh cPpksa dks lksyj eksckbyLVMh y SEi Hkh fu:'k qYd c k aV s ax sANÙkhlx<+ bl rjg dh ;kstuk ykxwdjus okyk Hkkjr dk igyk jkT; gSAçns'k ds oukapyksa ds xkaoksa esa lk Sj ÅtkZds ekè;e ls fctyh igqapkus dk dkefd;k tk jgk gSA

NÙkhlx<+ dh ubZ jktèkkuh ds :iesa fodflr fd, tk jgs u;k jk;iqjfLFkr dSfiVy d‚EiysDl ds ea=ky;Hkou ¼egkunh Hkou½ ds fy, gkygh esa ,d esxko‚V {kerk dk lk Sj ÅtkZla;a= çkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA yxHkx 10-22 djksM+ :i, dh ykxr ls LFkkfir;g la;a= ,d fnu esa Ng gtkj ikaplkS ;wfuV fctyh iSnk djsxkA fctyhds ladV ls tw> jgs ns'k ds dbZ jkT;ksals vyx gVdj NÙkhlx<+ esa fctyhdh miyCèkrk] mRiknu vkSj forj.kdk okrkoj.k dkQh mRlkgtud gSAfctyh ds ekeyksa esa bu jkT;k sa vkSjNÙkhlx<+ ds chp dk varj bl o"kZ2012 e sa e kg&tqykb Z e s a nk s c k jvkdfLed :i ls fctyh fxzM Qsygksus ls mRiUu gqbZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vkSjHkh T;knk Li"V gks x;kA bl nkSjkuçHkkfor {k s=ksa esa yxHkx 60 djksM+ vkcknhdk thou Bgj lk x;kA fctyh ladVds bl nkSj esa NÙkhlx<+ us uk flQZfxzM vuq'kklu dk ikyu fd;k] vfirqbl ladV ds le; viuh ftEesnkjhdk fuok Zg djrs g q, nk s fnuk sa rdNÙkhlx<+ us mÙkj Hkkjr dks if'pefxzM ds tfj, pkj lk S esxko‚V fctyhdh enn Hkh dhA çns'k esa ns'k ds vU;jkT;ksa dh rqyuk esa dkQh de nj ijfctyh dh vkiwfrZ dh tk jgh gSAeq[;ea=h M‚- jeu flag ds usrR̀o esajkT; ljdkj }kjk fdlkuk sa ds [ksr[kfygkuksa vkSj xjhcksa dh >ksiM+h rd

fctyh igqapkus dk dke [kqys fny lsfd;k x;kA jkT; xBu ds le; çns'kesa yxHkx 72 gtkj flapkbZ iEiksa dksfctyh dusD'ku fn, x, Fk sA budhla[;k c<d+j yxHkx nk s yk[k 90gtkj gks xbZ gSA jkT; ljdkj }kjkfdlkuksa ds fy, o"k Z 2009 esa xkaèkht;arh 2 vDVwcj ls çkjaHk dh x;hd`"kd thou T;ksfr ;k stuk ds rgrikap gklZ ikoj rd ds flapkbZ iEiksa dsfy, lkykuk Ng gtkj ;wfuV fctyhfu:'kqYd nh tkrh FkhA foÙkh; o"k Z2012 ls bl ;kstuk ds rgr rhu gklZikoj rd ds flapkbZ iEik sa dks lkykukNg gtkj ;wfuV vkSj rhu gklZ ikojls ikap gklZ ikoj rd ds flapkbZ iEiksaij lkykuk lk<+s lkr gtkj ;wfuVfctyh fu:'kqYd nh tk jgh gSA blesafdlkuksa dks fQDlM pktZ] fo|qr 'kqYdrFkk ÅtkZ fodkl midj esa Hkh NwV nhtk jgh gSA xjhcksa dks fctyh nsus dkdke Hkh jkT; ljdkj }kjk mnkjrk lsfd;k x;k gSA

jkT; xBu ds le; jkT; esa ,dycÙkh dusD'ku èkkjd fgrxzkfg;ksa dhla[;k Ng yk[k 30 gtkj 389 Fkh] tksvc c<d+j pkSng yk[k 86 gtkj gksx;h gSA bu dusD'ku èkkjdksa dh fctyh[kir dh lhek 30 ;wfuV çfr ekg lsT;knk gksus ij Hkh fgrxzkfg;k sa dks rhl;wfuV fctyh fu:'kqYd nh tk jghgSA jkT; ljdkj }kjk fctyh ykbuksads foLrkj vkSj fo|qr midsUæk sa dsLFkkiuk ds dk;Z cM+s iSekus ij fd,x, gSaA vke yksxksa ds fy, fctyh dhmiyCèkrk fdruh c<+h gS] bldk vanktkblh ckr ls yxk;k tk ldrk gS fdçns'k esa o"kZ 2000 esa çfr O;fä fctyh[kir 354 ;wfuV Fkh] tks vkt c<d+j1547 ;wfuV çfr O;fä gks x;h gSAfiNys rsjg o"kk sZa esa çns'k esa fctyhmiHkk säkvk sa dh la[;k 18 yk[k lsc<d+j orZeku esa 35 yk[k gks x;h gSANÙkhlx<+ esa fctyh ds mRiknu dhfn'kk esa Hkh mYys[kuh; çxfr gqbZ gSAfnlEcj 2000 e sa çns'k e sa fctyhmRiknu {kerk 1360 esxko‚V Fkh] tksX;kgoh a iapo"kÊ; ;kstuk ds var rdc<d+j 1924-74 esxko‚V gks xbZ gSA

eM+ok esa ,d gtkj esxko‚V {kerk dhrki fctyh ifj;kstukvksa dk fuekZ.krsth ls py jgk gSA fctyh ds ekeysesa çns'k dh vkRefuHk Zjrk vkSj d`f"krFk k vk S|k sfxd {k s=k s a dk s yxkrkjxq.koÙkki w.k Z fctyh dh vkiwfrZ us çns'kds fodkl dks ubZ ÅtkZ çnku djus esaegRoiw.k Z ;ksxnku fn;k gSA

vkèk qfud ;qx esa ?kj&x`gLFkh ls ysdj[k srh&fdlkuh] O;kikj&okf.kT; vk SjNk sVs&cM+s gj m|k sx ds l apkyu e safctyh dk gksuk vfuok;Z gks x;k gSAu;s NÙkhlx<+ jkT; us eq[;ea=h M‚-jeu flag ds usrR̀o esa fctyh mRiknulfgr mls vkf[kjh Nk sj ds xkaoksa vkSj?kjk sa rd igqapkus dh fn'kk esa 'kkunkjçxfr dh gSA

ÅtkZ mRiknu dh csgrj uhfr;ksa]fctyh ds forj.k vk Sj ikj s"k.k dsvPNs çcaèku vkSj fctyh la;a=ksa dscsgrj j[k j[kko ds dkj.k vc lsyxHkx ikap o"k Z igys tuojh 2008 esaNÙkhlx<+ us ns'k ds igys fctyhdVkSrh eqä jkT; gksus dk xkSjo gkflydj fy;k gS vkSj vkt Hkh viuh bligpku dks dk;e j[kus esa lQy gSA

Û lkbZfdy dk fuekZ.k ddZ iSfVªde Sdfeyu us fd;k Fkk tc mUgk s au s

cjkcj vkdkj ds ifg;ksa dks feykdjlkbfdy dks vk/k qfud :i fn;k FkkAmuds iz;klksa ds QyLo:i lkbfdypykus dks izk sRlkgu nsus ds fy, dbZlkbZfdy Dyc cuk, x, rFkk le;ij lkb Zfdy nkSM+k sa dk Hkh vk;kstufd;k x;kA 1880&90 esa dbZ lkbZfdynkSM+sa izk;ksftr dh xbZa ftuls izHkkforgk sdj lu ~ 1896 ds vk syfEid e salkbZfdy nkSM+ Hkh Li/kk Z esa 'kkfey djyh xbZ FkhA

9


xq.kdkjh feV~VhcM+h iqjkuh dgkor gS fd feV~Vh ls ge tUes gSa vkSj

vUrr% blh feV~Vh esa gh lcdks fey tkuk gSA thou dh'kq#vkr vkSj vUr blh feV~Vh eas fufgr gSA gkFkk /kk sus]crZuksa dh lkQ&lQkbZ eas izkphudky ls gh feV~Vh dkiz;ksx gk srk vk;k gSA bldh otg ;gh gS fd feV~VhdhVk.kquk'kd gksrh gS vkSj vius lkFk xanxh dks cgk tkrhgSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd yEcs vjls ls feV~Vh dk iz;ksx crkSjvkS"kf/k gksrk vk;k gSA ;g 'kjhj ds fo"kk sa vkSj fodkjksa dksnwj djrh gS vkSj 'kjhj eas clh vfrfjDr xehZ dks fudkyckgj djrh gSA

izkd`frd fpfdRlk eas feV~Vh dk ysi yxkuk Js;Ldjekuk x;k gSA blds vykok Hkh bls Mk;fcVht] gk;ijVsa'ku]vfunzk tSlh iqjkuh chekfj;ksa ls jkgr ikus ds fy;s fd;ktkrk gSA

blds fy;s 'kjhj ij feV~Vh dk ysi fd;k tkrk gSAbldk iz;ksx djus ls iwoZ feV~Vh dks Nku dj dadM+&dwM+s]?kkl&Qwl bR;kfn ls lkQ dj ysuk pkfg,A rRi'pkrfeV~Vh dks jkr Hkj ds fy;s ikuh eas fHkxks nsuk pkfg,A tcfeV~Vh dk iz;ksx djuk gks rks mlds yxHkx ,d ?kaVk iwoZbls /k wi esa j[k nsaA fQj bl Hkhxh feV~Vh dk gkFkk sa ls ,dlh fpdukbZ o ckjhdh dk isLV cuk ysuk pkfg,A

fpfdRlk ds fy;s ftldh fpfdRldk djuh gks mldslkjs oL= gVkdj iwjs 'kjhj ij ,d lkj bl feV~Vh dkysi yxkdj yxHkx ikSus ?k aVs rd mls /k wi esa ysVk jgusnsuk pkfg,A blesa /;ku j[ksa fd feV~Vh dks vka[kk sa ls

vyx j[ksa rFkk feV~Vh fpfdRlk djrs le; vka[k s a canj[kuk pkfg,A ikSu ?k aVs rd /kwi esa ysVus ds ckn ;glqfuf'pr dj ysa fd feV~Vh iwjh rjg lw[k xbZ gksA bldsckn lkQ 'khry ty ls Luku dj ysuk pkfg,A

bl feV~Vh ds ysiu ls Ropk ds jksxk sa fo'ks"k dj fiRrhmNyus ;k blh izdkj dh ekSleh fodkjksa eas cgqr ykHkgksrk gSA blds vykok Mk;fcVht rFkk vfunzk ds jk sfx;ksadks Hkh blls ykHk gksrk ns[kk x;k gSA ,d ckj feV~Vh dki z;ksx djus ds ckn mldk nksckjk i z;ksx ugh a djukpkfg,A

cFkqvk ,d ykHk vusdNksVh&NksVh gjh vFkok yky ifRr;ksa okyk cFkqvk tkM+k sae as rks cgqrk;r ls ik;k tkrk gSA oSls rks ;g gj ekSle esamiyC/k jgrk gS vkSj bldh lcls cM+h [kwch ;gh gS fd;g fcuk fdlh ifjJe ;k mik;ksa ds [ksrk sa esa vklkuh lsmxk;k tk ldrk gSA yxHkx Ms<+ QqV Åaph iRrsnkj ;gikS/kk xq.kk sa dh [kku gSA bldh ifRr;ksa eas dbZ izdkj dsvyO;qfeukbM ik, tkrs gSaA blds vykok blesa iksVk'krFkk fo'ks"k lqxaf/kr rsy Hkh ik;k tkrk gSA

vk;qosZn esa cFkq, dk s dkQh egRo fn;k x;k gSA ;g Hk w[kc<+kus okyk] vka[kk sa ds fy;s mi;ksxh vkSj isV ds dhM+k sa dksekjrk gSA blls ikpu 'kfDr c<+rh gS vkSj dCt nwj gksrkgSA cFkq, ds fu;fer mi;ksx ls xyk lkQ gksrk gS vkSjLoj e/kqj gksrk gSA gjhifRr;ksa okys cFkq, ls ykyifRr;ks okyk cFkqvk T;knkizHkkoh gksrk gSA cFkq, dhifRr;ksa dks ihldj vkVse s a feykdj cu s ijkB sLokfn"V gksus ds lkFk ghHk w[k Hkh c<+krs gSaA bldsvykok cFkq, dk jk;rkHkh ikpu fØ;k etcwr djrk gS vkSj dCt esa jkgr nsrkgSA cFkq, ds iRrs nky eas Mkydj nky dk Lokn c<+k;k tkldrk gSA

ifRr;ksa ds vykok cFkq, ds cht Hkh dkQh xq.kdkjh gksrsgSaA fyoj ds bUQsD'ku ds dkj.k ihfy;k gks x;k gks rkscFk q, ds cht lqcg 'kke ikuh ds lkFk ysus ls Qk;nk gksrkgSA cFkq, ds chtksa dk s ihl dj mcVu dh rjg iz;ksx djusls Ropk lkQ gksrh gS vkSj psgjs ds nkx /kCcs nwj gksrs gSaA

cFkq, dk lkx frYyh dh chekjh vkSj fiRr ds izdksi easykHkdkjh gksrk gSA blds vykok nqcZyrk ;k chekjh dsdkj.k gqbZ Hkk stu ls v#fp eas ;k detksjh esa cFkq, dklkx fu;fer :i ls lsou djus ls Hkk stu esa #fp c<+rhgS vkSj detksjh nwj gksrh gSA

izd`fr gekjs vkl&ikltkudkjh

10


dM+ok ij deky dk djsykdjsyk csy ij yxus okyk Qy gS ftls crk Sj lCthiz;ksx djrs gSA ;g de ckfj'k okys m".k dfVca/kh; {ks=k sae as iSnk gksrk gSA ;g ns'k gSa ,f'k;kbZ rFkk dSfjfo;u {ks=ds ns'kA lfCt;ksa esa djsyk lcls dM+ok gksrk gSA ysfdublesa izk sVhu vkSj QkLQksjl dh izpqjrk jgrh gSA bldsvykok blesa dSfY'k;e] foVkfeu vkSj dkcksZgkbMªsV Hkh gksrsgSaA djsys dk jl Mk;fcVht esa jkeck.k vkS"kf/k ekuk tkrkgSA

djsyk nks izdkj dk gksrk gSA NksVk vkSj chp ls QwykrFkk nwljk yEck rFkk iryk tks yxHkx lkr ls X;kjgbap yEck gksrk gS] NksVs djsys xgjs jax ds gksrs gSa tks izk;%,d vksj gYds gjs gksrs gSaA yEcs djys cgq/kk fljs ij

ihykiu fy;s gksrs gSa rFkk uhps ls eqM+s gq, rFkk [kqjnqjsgk srs gSaA

djsyk dQ dh f'kdk;r nwj djrk gS vkSj ikpu 'kfDrc<+krk gSA bldh rklhj BaMh gS blfy, ;g isV esa gksusokyh xehZ dks nwj djrk gS vkSj xfeZ;ksa eas bldk lsouikpu 'kfDr dks lqn`<+ cukrk gSA ysfdu Mk;fcVht okyksads fy;s rks djsyk csgn Qk;nseUn ik;k x;k gSA

djsys dk jl vkSj lCth nksuk sa gh 'kqxj ls ihfM+rjksfx;ksa ds fy;s ykHkdkjh gksrs gSaA 15 xzke djsys dk jl100 xzke ikuh esa feykdj fnu esa pkj ckj ihus ls 'k qxjfu;af=r jjgrh gSA blds vykok djsys dks lq[kkdj Fkkihldj mlds ,d pEep pw.k Z dks fnu esa ,d ckj ysukHkh Mk;fcVht esa cgqr ykHkdjh gSA

tgka vU; dbZ vkS"kf/k;ka 'kjhj ds fdlh vax fo'ks"k ijgh vlj djrh gSa ogh a djsyk [kkus ls i wjs 'kjhj dsXykwdkst esVkckfyTe ij fu;a=.k c<+rk gSA djsys ds jleas xktj dk jl feykdj ihuk Hkh Qk;nsean gksrk gSA

;wih % Lekjd ?kksVkys dhtkap iwjh] dbZ uisaxsuks,Mk vkSj y[kuÅ esa cus Lekjdksa ds fuekZ.k dh

yksdk;qä tkap yxHkx iwjh gks xbZ gSA blesa clik ljdkj dsnks iwoZ ea=h] rhu rRdkyhu foèkk;d] yksd fuekZ.k] jktdh;fuekZ.k fuxe ds 72 bathfu;j vkSj dbZ futh daifu;ksa dhxnZu Qaluh r; ekuh tk jgh gSA

mÙkj çns'k dh vU; [kcjksa ds fy, fDyd djsaclik ljdkj e s a

nfyr vkSj fiNM+s oxZ dsegkiq#"k k s a dh ;kn esay[kuÅ vkSj uks,Mk esaLekjd o ikdZ cuk, x,Fk sA ftuij rdjhcu 43vjc #i;s [kpZ gq, Fk sAlik ljdkj ds eq[;ea=hvf[kys'k ;kno us blesa?kksVkys gksus dh vk'kadkesa yksdk;qä dks tkap lkSaih FkhA tkap esa enn ds fy, vkfFk Zdvijkèk vuqlaèkku 'kk[kk ¼bZvksMCY;w½ dks muds vkèkhu fd;kx;k FkkA ftlus 15 vçSy dks viuh fjik sVZ yksdk;qä dks lkSaihFkhA blds vykok yksdk;qä dk;kZy; us Hkh cM+h la[;k esayksxksa ds c;ku ntZ fd, Fk sA

vc nksuksa fjik sVksZ ds vkèkkj ij tkap dk fu"d"kZ fudkyusdk dk;Z Hkh iwjk gks x;k gSA blesa rRdkyhu clik ljdkjds nks eaf=;ksa] rhu rRdkyhu foèkk;dksa] 72 bathfu;jksa] dbZfuth daifu;ksa dks ?kksVkys ds fy, ftEesnkj ekuk x;k gSALekjdksa dk Bsdk ysus okyh dbZ daifu;ksa bathfu;jksa dsukrsnkjksa dh FkhaA tcfd dbZ daifu;ksa us fcuk [kuu iês dsgh iRFkjk sa dh vkiwfrZ dj MkyhA

y[kuÅ fodkl çkfèkdj.k ds ,d cgqpfpZr bathfu;j dhHkh blesa lafyIrrk ikbZ xbZ gSA tYnh gh tkap fjik sVZ ljdkjdks Hk sth tk,xhA yksdk;qä U;k;ewfrZ ,uds esgjks=k us Lohdkjfd;k gS fd Lekjd ?kksVkys dh tkap yxHkx iwjh gks xbZ gSAtYnh gh 'kklu dks fjik sVZ Hksth tk,xhA

bu ij fcuk [kuu iês&iRFkj csapus dk vkjksi %,e],e baVjçkbtst] esllZ e:u bathfu;fjax] oSHko LVksal]

jkt LVksalvfèkdkfj;ksa ds ukrsnkjksa dk QeZ %v#.k baVj çkbtst] , adj dkaLVªD'ku] Xyk scy baVj

çkbtst] xk;=h LVksusDl] ,l,l laL—frfuth {ks= ds yksx ftudh ?kksVkys esa lafyIrrk ds lk{; %jkds'k dqekj] jkts'k dqekj] tQj mej] jke'kadj] jkts'k

nqcs] feFkys'k] ts,u flag] ih;w"k dqekj] jkts'k dqekj] ykycgknqj] iUukyky] fuR;k çlkn] eaxyk f}osnh] eqUuh nsoh]PPpwyky lesr dbZ vU;A

11


lk[k ?kVsxh rksdSls c<+sxk fuos'k

;wih, ljdkj dhlk[k ftl rjg fxj jghgS vkSj ?kksVkyks a ij?kksVkys lkeus vk jgs gSark s fuos'kdrkZvksa ijbldk vPNk vlj dSlsiM+sxkA fuos'kdrkZ Hkhviuh Hkkjh&Hkjde jdeyxkdj dqN dekuk ghpkgrs gSa ysfdu ljdkjdh O;oLFkk,a bruh ttZj

vkSj iznwf"kr gks x;h gSa fd dksbZ Hkh iSlk yxkus dk tksf[keugha mBkuk pkgsxkA ;gka rd vke turk ds eu esa Hkh ,dMj lek;k gS fd og fdl ij fo'okl djsA

iz/kkuea=h eueksgu flag dgrs gSa fd'kh?k z gh dqN ,sls mik; fd;s tk;saxsftlls ns'k esa fuos'k c<+sxkA iz/kkuea=hxr fnuk s a xzsVj uk s,Mk e as ,f'k;kb Zfodkl cSad ds cksMZ vkWQ xouZj dhcSBd dks lack sf/kr dj jgs Fk sA mUgkasusdgk fd ?kjsyw vkSj fons'kh fuos'kdksads fy;s Hkkjr dks ,d csgrj fuos'kLFky cukus ds vHkh vkSj iz;kl fd;stk;saxsA loky ;g gS fd;wih, ljdkj dh lk[kftl rjg fxj jgh gSvkSj ?kk sVkyksa ij ?kk sVkysl k eu s vk jg s g S a r k sfuos'kdrkZvk sa ij bldkvPNk vlj dSls iM+sxkAf uo s' kdrk Z H k h viu hH k k j h & H k jde jdeyxkdj dqN dekuk ghpkgrs gSa ysfdu ljdkjdh O;oLFkk,a bruh ttZjvkSj iznwf"kr gks x;h gSafd dksbZ Hkh iSlk yxkusdk tksf[ke ugha mBkukpkg sxkA ;gk a rd vketurk ds eu esa Hkh ,dMj lek;k gS fd og fdl ij fo'okldjsA bldk ,d mnkgj.k if'pecaxky dh 'kkjnk fpVQ.M gS ftlusyk[kk sa yksxk sa dks daxky cuk fn;k gSl qJh eerk cuthZ dh ljdkj Hkhx k sye k sy to k c n sr h g S v k S jÅy&tywy dne mBk jgh gSA blizdkj dk ekgkSy dbZ jkT;ksa esa gS vkSjdsUnz ljdkj rks cM+s&cM+s ?kk sVkyksa easmy>h gqbZ gSA m/kj] ikfdLrku vkSjphu ls fcxM+rs laca/k Hkh fuos'kdrkZvksae sa Hk; iSnk fd;s gq, gSaA

eueksgu flag dh ljdkj vc ;gcgkuk ugh a dj ldrh fd mldhvkfFk Zd uhfr;ksa eas lg;ksxh ny ck/kkMky jgs gSaA ;wih,&1 dh ljdkj ds

le; ckgj ls okeekspkZ ds lnL;leFkZu djrs Fk s vkSj os fons'kh fuos'kdk fojk s/ k djrs Fk sA okeek spk Z usH k k jr&ve s f jdk i je k. k q l af / k d sfojks/k esa leFkZu okil ys fy;k FkkAblds ckn ;wih,&2 ljdkj ds le;r`.kewy dkaxszl dks ysdj dgk tkrkFkk fd lg;ksxh ny [kqydj dkeugha djus ns jgs gSaA eerk cuthZ dh

ikVhZ us Hkh ;wih, ljdkj ls leFkZuokil ys fy;k vk Sj vc rk s ,e-d#.kkfuf/k dh nze qd Hkh vyx gkspqdh gS rks dkaxzsl dks viuh uhfr;kaykxw djus dh iwjh NwV fey x;h gSysfdu gdhdr ;g gS fd ljdkj dhegRokdka{kh chek] isa'ku vkSj ,QMhvkbZtSls {k s=k sa esa fuos'kdrkZ gh ugha feyjgs gSaA ns'k ds m|ksxifr;ksa dks Hkhljdkj ij Hkjk slk ugha jg x;k D;ksafdm|ksx yxkus ds fy;s tehu dh t:jrgS vk Sj tehu feyus ij >a>V gh>a>V fn[k jgs gSaA

ljdkj us Hk wfe vf/kxzg.k dkuwu esala'kk s/ku dk iz;kl fd;k gS ysfdufoi{kh ny mlls lger ugh a gSaA

blh ds pyrs ns'k eas ?kjsyw vkSj fons'khfuos'k yxkrkj ?kVrk tk jgk gSA[kk| lqj{kk fo/k s;d dks ysdj Hkhljdkj us tks mEehn trk;h Fkh ysfdubl ij ljdkj ds Hkhrj gh lgefrugha fn[k jgh gSA iz/kkuea=h eueksguflag us ,f'k;kbZ ns'kk sa ds chp T;knkutnhdh vkfFk Zd lac a/ kk sa dk gokykfn;k ysfdu bl ij dkSu Hkjk slk djstc phu vk Sj ikfdLrku dk s ysdjruko c<+rk gh tk jgk gSA ikfdLrkueas pquko gksus tk jgs gSa vkSj ogkadV~Vji aFk fdlh Hkh rjg Hkkjr dslkFk lgkuqHk wfr ugha c<+us nsuk pkgrkAHkkjrh; dSnh ljcthr dh tsy e sa

ccZj fiVkbZ vkSj mlds cknmldh ekSr dks tEew&d'ehjeas dSfn;ksa }kjk ,d ikfdLrkuhdSnh dh fiVkbZ ls tksM+k tkjgk gSA ikfdLrku us igysgh nks Hkkjrh; lSfudksa ds fljdkVdj ;g trk fn;k fdmlds lkFk nksLrh dh mEehndjuk gh O;FkZ gSA ,sls ekgkSyeas ikfdLrku ds lkFk vkfFk Zdl ac a/ k c< +ku s vk Sj ogk a d sfuos'kdksa dks ;gka iwathfuos'kdjus dh vis{kk djuk gh O;FkZgSA

nwljh rjQ ,f'k; k dkegkcyh phu gS tks Hkkjr dhlhek esa /khjs&/khjs ?k qliSB dj

jgk gSA bl ckj rks og 19 fdeh- rdvanj vk x;k gSA vUrjjk"Vªh; lhekjs[kk dh mlds ijokg ughaa gSA lu~62 ls gh og gtkjksa oxZehy tehunck, gS vkSj O;kikj laca/kk sa ds ukeij mlds Hkkjr ds cktkj vius lkekuls Hkj fn;s gSaA phuh lkeku dh vkiwfrZcan gks tk, rks Hkkjr esa fdrus ghcsjk stxkj gks tk,axsA ,f'k;kbZ cSad dhcSBd eas Hkh bl ckr ij fpark trk;hx;h fd ,f'k;kb Z ns'k vk Sj T;knkegRoi w. k Z Hk wfedk fuH kk ldrs g SaAgkykafd ;g Hkh ekuk x;k fd ;gka dsyksx xjhc gSa vkSj vc Hkh 1-7 vjcyksx jkstkuk nks Mkyj ls Hkh de ijviuk thou xqtkj jgs gSaA fu%lUnsg

12


Hkkjr ;gka ds vehj ns'kk sa esa fxuktkrk gS vkSj phu ds ckn ,f'k;k easmlh dk uke vkrk gS ysfdu ljdkjdh lk[k vkM+s vk jgh gSA ;gka ijHk z"Vkpkj ij jksd yxkuk eqf'dy gksjgk gSA jsyea=h iou dqekj caly dkHkk atk ,d vf/kdkjh dks jsyos cksMZ dklnL; cuokus ds fy;s nks djksM+ #i;sys jgk gS rks fuos'kdrkZvksa ds eu esaHkh ;g ckr mldh LokHkkfod gS fdmuds dkjksckj ds fy;s Hk h fj'ornsuh iM+sxhA ;g fj'or uhps ds Lrjls ysdj Åij rd nsuh gksxhA

i z/ k kue a=h bl lPpkb Z dk s ugh ale>rs gSa rks ;g vkSj Hkh fpark dhckr gSA usrkvk sa e sa >wB ck syus dhvknr lh iM+ x;h gSA if'pe caxkye as eq[;e a=h lqJh eerk cuth Z dhNfo ,d ludh dh Hkys gh jgh gksysfdu og bZekunkj ekuh tkrh gSaysfdu lRrk eas vkus ds ckn mudks;k rks lPpkbZ crk;h ugha tkrh vFkokog Hk z"V O;oLFkk ls le>kSrk djusyxh gSaaA 'kkjnk fpVQ.M dEiuh dh/k wrZrk ds ckjs esa mUgkasu s igys ;gh

c;ku fn;k Fkk fd mudks ugha ekywefd ;g dEiuh yksxksa ls /kks[kk dj jghg S ysfdu muds gh x`g foHkkx usdydRrk gkbZdksVZ ds funsZ'k ij tksgyQukek fn;k gS] mlesa dgk x;k gSfd 'kkjnk fpVQ.M lesr jkT; e saBxh djus dh lafnX/k fpVQ.M dEifu;k sadh la[;k T;knk gS vkSj r.̀kewy ljdkjdks 2011 eas gh bldh tkudkjh gksx;h FkhA x`g foHkkx ds gyQukes easdgk x;k gS fd lRrk esa vkus ds ckngh r.̀ke wy ljdkj dks ekywe gks x;kFkk vkSj ljdkj us foRr foHkkx dks blekeys eas rRdky lEidZ djus dks dgkFkkA ml le; lqJh eerk cuthZ viusjkT; dh rjQ de dsUnz ljdkj dhrjQ T;knk /;ku ns jgh Fkh a D;k asfdjsy ea=ky; tSlk foHkkx Hkh mudhikVhZ ds ikl FkkA

dsUnz ljdkj rks vc tokc nsus dhfLFkfr esa gh ugha gSA 2th LisDVªe?kk sVkys ls ysdj vkn'kZ gkmflax] dks;ykvkoaVu vkSj gSyhdkIVj [kjhn tSlsekeyksa ds ckn iou caly ds Hkk ats dkdkjukek lkeus vk;k gSA ekeyk tc

[kqyrk gS rks dsbZ ?kk sVkys lkeus vktkrs gSA crk;k tkrk gS fd ioudqekj caly ds jsyea=h cuus ds cknmuds fj'rsnkjk sa dh lEifRr esa dbZxquk btkQk gks x;k gSA caly ds Hkk atsrks fgV fyLV esa vk gh x;s gSaA ljdkjdks vc lk aln txu jsM~Mh ds ekeys esaHkh fopkj djuk pkfg, fd lhchvkbZmls O;FkZ esa D;k sa ijs'kku dj jgh gSAmlds firk vka/k z izns'k ds eq[;ea=h Fk svkSj dkaxzsl ds fy;s mUgksaus fdrus ghlkaln ftrkdj fnYyh Hk sts rks mudsc sVs dks pUn iwathifr;k s us mid`rfd;k rks dkSu lh cM+h ckr gSA

ckr gS rks ljdkj dh lk[k fxjusdhA iz/kkuea=h us dqN fnu igys lalnesa gaxkes dks ysdj dgk Fkk fd bl rjgrks nqfu;k ge ij galsxhA loky ;g gSfd tc rd ljdkj esa iou caly tSlsea=h gksaxs vkSj lhchvkbZ tSlh tkap,tsfUl;ksa dh fjik sVZ ns[kh tk,xh rcrd yksx flQZ galsxs ugha cfYd ;g Hkhlk spsaxs fd ;gka fuos'k djuk Bhd jgsxk;k ughaA blfy, ljdkj dks lk[k Bhddjuk t:jh gSA

fQj vk xbZa xeÊ dh Nqfê;kaA lkyHkj dh i<+kb Z vkSj ijh{kkvksa ds cknvkf[kj ;s dqN fnu gh rks ekSt&eLrhds gksrs gSa--- twu ls fQj vxys lky dhi<+kbZ esa yx tkuk gSA cPpksa dks buNqfê;ksa dk bartkj iwjs lky jgrk gSAveweu ;g Hkh lk sp fy;k tkrk gS fdbl ckj bu Nqfê;ksa esa D;k djuk gSAT;knkrj cPps vkSj muds ifjokj ?kweusdk dk;ZØe igys ls r; djds j[krsgSaA dksbZ vius usfVo Iysl tkrk gS] rksdksbZ fdlh i;ZVu LFkyA fdlh dksdgha tkus dk ek Sdk ugha feyrk] rks ogvius 'kgj dh gh ,slh txgsa ?kwe ysukpkgrk gS] tgka thou dh vkikèkkih esatkuk u gks ldk gksA blds ckn HkhNqfê;ka cph jgrh gSa] rks cPps [ksy&dwnesa yx tkrs gSaA ;gh le; gksrk gS tccPpksa dks vius eu ls dqN djus dkekSdk feyuk pkfg,] ysfdu vktdy

eEeh&ikik! can djks ge ij ;g vR;kpkj,slk gksrk ughaA eSaus vius ikl&iM+k slds cPpksa ij è;ku fn;k fd os xfeZ;k sadh Nqfê;ksa esa D;k dj jgs gSaA eSa gSjkujg x;k--- os Nqfê;ksa esa Hkh Ldwyh fnuksadh rjg gh fofHkUu Dyklksa esa tw>rsfn[ksA nl lky dk dj.k lqcg dksLdsfVax Dykl djrk gS] fQj QqVc‚yDyklA 'kke dks fLofeax lh[kus tkrkgSA nksigj dks mldk xzkej dk Vîw'kuyxk gSA jkr dks mls vxys lky dhfdrkcksa esa esa ls ,d pkSIVj i<d+j lksukgk srk gSA eSaus mlls iwNk fd bruh lkjh,sfDVfoVh djds mls cgqr etk vkrkgksxkA og #vkalk gks x;kA cksyk] D;ketk vk,xk---\ ikik dks QqVc‚y esaMkyuk Fkk vkSj eeh dks LdsfVax esaAmUgksaus Mky fn;kA i<+kbZ Nqfê;ksa esa Hkhdjuh iM+ jgh gSA gka] fLofeax esa t:jvPNk yxrk gSA ij og Hkh esjh p‚blugha gSA eSaus iwNk] rks csVk] rqe D;k

djuk pkgrs Fks\ tokc feyk] eq>s Mªkb axilan gSA eeh&ikik dks ughaA eSa LVksjhcqDl i<u+k pkgrk gwaA ij eq>s i<u+hiM+ jgh gSa dkslZ dh cqDl---A ,slk ghgky 12 lky dh rUoh dk gSA mldkeu Fkk ,sfDVax dkslZ djus dkA ijekrk&firk dh bPNk ds vuqlkj mlsisafVax] Mkal vkSj flafxax Dykl djuhiM+ jgh gSaA

Vscy Vsful [ksyus dh mldh bPNkt:j iwjh gks jgh gSA og LVksjh fy[kukpkgrh gS] ysfdu mls LVksjh i<u+s Hkhugha nh tkrh aA cgqr ls cPpksa ds ,sls ghvuqHko gksrs gSaA ,d rks gekjh f'k{kkç.kkyh cPpksa dks gqujean ugha cukrh]nwljs ifjokj dk ncko ikjaifjd dfj;jpquus dk gksrk gSA

T;knkrj ?kjksa esa cPpksa dks cuh&cukbZyhd ij pyus dks foo'k fd;k tkrkgSA muds eu dh [kq'kh dks vis{kkvksarys jkSan fn;k tkrk gSA gkykafd vxjcPpksa dks dqN u, dke fl[kkus dhdksf'k'k dh tk,A

13


ekeyk phu dk Hkh xaHkhj gSA mldks T;knrh djus dk blh rjgekSdk feyrk jgk rks lewps yík[k ij ,d fnu og viuk gd trkusyxsxkA fons'k ea=h lyeku [kq'khZn dh phu ;k=k esa cnyko djukBhd ugha gS ysfdu og n`<+ bjkns ds lkFk o9gka tk,a vkSjlh/ks&lh/ks ;gh ckr djsa fd igys phu ds lSfud vius ns'k dhlhek esa okil ykSVsa rc vU; dksbZ ckr gksxhA phu ;fn blesavkukdkuh djrk gS rks lyeku [kq'khZn dks viuh ukjktxh trkusds :i esa phu dh ;k=k ls okil vk tkuk pkfg,A blls nqfu;lkds lkeus ;g lans'k tk,xk fd Hkkjr&phu laca/kksa dks fcxkM+us esaphu dh Hkwfedk T;knk gSA fQygky ikfdLrku dh rjQ Hkkjr dksT;knk /;ku nsus dh t:jr gSA Hkkjr nqfu;k ds eap ij ;g ckr HkhmBk ldrk gS fd tc tsy eas Hkkjrh; dSfn;ksa dh lqj{kk ikfdLrkudh ljdkj ugha dj ikrh gS rks mls viuh tsyksa easa can Hkkjrh;dSfn;ksa dks fjgk dj nsuk pkfg,A Hkkjr dks vxj blesa lQyrk feyx;h rks ikfdLrku dV~VjiafFk;ksa ds gkSlys iLr gksaxs vkSjHkkjr&ikfdLrku ds chp dVqrk dk eq[; dkj.k dV~VjiaFkh gh gSaA

phu ;k ikfdLrku ds chp QSlykdqN fnuksa dh gh ckr gS tc rfeyukMqds yksx Jhyadk dks ysdj gaxkek [kM+kfd;s Fk sA Jhyadk esa rfeyksa ds f[kykQfyV~Vs ds pyrs T;knfr;k a gqbZa ysfduJhyadk gekjs fy;s dHkh Hkh eqlhcrugha cukA gekjs ns'k ds fy;s leL;kgS phu] ikfdLrku vkSj ck aXykns'kAnqHkkZX; ls iM+kslh ns'k usiky Hkh blhdM+h eas 'kkfey gksrk tk jgk gS D;k safdogka dh okeiaFkh usrR̀o okyh ljdkjphu ds izHkko esa gSA phu dk lkezkT;oknhjoS;k fdlh ls fNik ugha gS ysfdumlus igys ls gh bruk dqN gelsNhu fy;k ftldks lkSnsckth dh <kycuk ysrk gSA ikfdLrku dh leL;knwljs rjg dh gSA ogka ij yksdra=uke ek= dk gS vkSj dV~VjiafFk;ksa dkcksyckyk gSA dfFkr mnkjoknh Hkh ;fnHkkjr fojks/kh joS;k ugha viukrs rksturk ds chp mudh Nfo Mjiksdusrk dh izLrqr dh tkrh gSA vHkh nksebZ dks ikfdLrku dh tsy esa can jgsljcthr flag dh dbZ fnu dksek esajgus ds ckn ek Sr gks x;hA mudks tsyds vanj dSfn;ksa us cgqr cqjh rjg ls

ihVk FkkA ikfdLrku ds f[kykQ Hkkjresa cgqr T;knk vkØks'k gS vkSj lclsT;knk ukjkt gSa fl[k tks le> ughaikrs fd fdl&fdl ckr ij xqLlkmrkj saA ikfdLrku ls mudh vk Sjcaxkfy;ksa dh tUetkr nq'euh gSA nksuksadks ikfdLrku ds fuekZ.k ls vieku]frjLdkj vkSj nqjkpkj tSlh izrkM+ukfeyh gSA ljcthr dh ekSr ls fl[kksads lkFk vU; yksx Hkh vkØksf'kr gSaAnwljh rjQ phu Hkkjr dh lhek dsvanj 19 fdeh- rd ?k ql vk;k gSAigkM+h nqxZe ekxZ ij phu ds lSfudpksVh ij rEcw rkus cSBs gSaA Hkkjr esabldh fuUnk dh tk jgh gSA e q[;foi{kh ny Hkktik dk dguk gS fdHkkjr ds fons'k ea=h lyeku [kq'khZndks phu dh ;k=k ij ugha tkuk pkfg,AJh [kq'kh Zn dh vkxkeh 9 ebZ ls phudh ;k=k izLrkfor gSA mudh ;k=k dk,ts.Mk Hkh vc cny x;k vkSj mlesaizeq[k :i ls ;g ekax dh tk,xh fdphu dks Hkkjr dh lhek ls ckgj tkukpkfg,A phu us lSfudk sa dks ihNs gVkusdh vHkh dksb Z rkjh[k ugha crk;h ysfdu

bruk t:j dgk fd ckrphr ls ekeyklqy> ldrk gSA gkykafd ;g phu dhHkh T;knrh gSA nksuksa ns'kk sa ds chp dhfu;a=.k js[kk dk nksuksa ns'kk sa dks lEekudjuk pkfg,A phu vc rd bl lkyds pkj eghus esa gh dbZ ckj lhek dkmYya?ku dj pqdk gSA Hkkjr dks ;gQSlyk djuk gS fd bl le; ikfdLrkuls lh/k s eqdkcyk fd;k tk, vFkokphu ls nksuksa ns'kk sa ls ,d lkFk my>ukBhd ugha gk sxk] blfy, ikfdLrku dksgh bl le; lcd lh[kuk pkfg,A

ge lektoknh ikVh Z ds e qf[k;kvkSj iwoZ j{kkea=h eqyk;e flag ;knods ml oDrO; ls lger ugha ftleasmUgkasus dgk Fkk gekjs ns'k dks ikfdLrkuls [krjk ugha cfYd [krjk rks phu lsgSA lp ;g gS fd ge brus l{ke gSafd [krjk gesa fdlh ls ugha gSA Hkkjr

ijek.k q lEiUu jk"Vª gS vkSj ,sls jk"Vªdks fdlh ls Hkh Mjus dh t:jr ughagksrhA Nk sVs&NksVs ns'k bljk;y] mRrjdksfj;k vkSj lhfj;k Hkh blhfy, fdlhls ugha Mjrs] cl oSf'od laca/kksa dhckr lkeus vk tkrh gSA ikfdLrkubl igyw dks Hkh njfdukj j[ks gSA ogle>rk gS fd vesfjdk dks rkfyckuksads f[kykQ yM+us eas viuh tehu nsdjmlus ;g vf/kdkj izkIr dj fy;k fddqN Hkh djrk jgs] dksbZ dqN ugh acksysxkA Hkkjr ds lSfudksa ds flj dkVdj mlds lSfud ys x;s] vkSj ikfdLrkudh ljdkj blls lkQ eqdj x;h fd;g dke mlds lSfudksa dk gSA blhizdkj Hkkjrh; dSnh ljcthr ds ekeyseas ogka dh ljdkj us nyhy ugha lquhAvnkyr esa >wBs xokg is'k dj ljcthrdks vkradoknh lkfcr dj fn;kA vnkyrus Qkalh dh ltk eqdjZj dj nh FkhAikfdLrku fdlh mfpr ekSds dh ryk'keas FkkA ogka pquko gksus tk jgs gSa vkSjiwoZ jk"Vªifr tujy ijost eq'kjZQ dksrks pquko v;ksX; gh Bgjk fn;k x;kArks orZeku ljdkj dqN vusk[kk djus

14


ds pDdj eas Qal x;h gSAHkkjr dks bl fLFkfr dk lnqi;ksx

djuk pkfg,A ikfdLrku dks nqfu;kds lkeus vekuoh;rk dk O;ogkj djusokyk lkfcr fd;k tk ldrk gSAmldks bl ckr ds fy;s etcwj fd;ktk, fd de ls de tsy eas can mudSfn;k sa ij ,d vkSj eqdnek pysAblds ihNs fdldh lkft'k jgh] ;gHkh irk yxkuk pkfg, tSlk fd yksxksad k e k uu k g S f d ;g[kqfQ;k ,tsUlh vkbZ,lvkbZ dh lk sph&le>h ;k stuk Fk hA blds vykokjktuhfrd nyksa dk Hkh ;g xank [ksygks ldrk gS tks Hkkjr fojks/kh ekgkSycukdj dV~VjiafFk;ksa ds ok sV ikrs gSaAblfy, Hkkjr dks bl le; phu ls

T;knk ikfdLrku ij udsy djus ijtksj nsuk gksxkA vke turk Hkh blhi{k esa fn[kkbZ iM+rh gS D;ksafd ljcthrdh ekSr ds ckn ns'k Hkj esa ikfdLrkuds f[kykQ izn'kZu gks jgs gSaA

ekeyk phu dk Hkh xaHkhj gSA mldksT;knrh djus dk blh rjg ek Sdkfeyrk jgk rks lewps yík[k ij ,dfnu og viuk gd trkus yxsxkAfons'k ea=h lyeku [kq'khZn dh phu;k=k esa cnyko djuk Bhd ugha gSysfdu og n`<+ bjkns ds lkFk ogka tk,avkSj lh/k s&lh/k s ;gh ckr djsa fd igysphu ds lSfud vius ns'k dh lhek esaokil ykSVsa rc vU; dksbZ ckr gksxhAphu ;fn blesa vkukdkuh djrk gS rkslyeku [kq'kh Zn dks viuh ukjktxh

trkus ds :i esa phu dh ;k=k lsokil vk tkuk pkfg,A blls nqfu;kd s lkeu s ;g l an s' k tk,xk fdHkkjr&phu laca/kk sa dks fcxkM+us esa phudh H k w f edk T;k nk g SA fQygkyikfdLrku dh rjQ Hkkjr dks T;knk /;ku nsus dh t:jr gSA Hkkjr nqfu;kds eap ij ;g ckr Hkh mBk ldrk gSfd tc tsy eas Hkkjrh; dSfn;ksa dhlqj{kk ikfdLrku dh ljdkj ugha djikrh gS rks mls viuh tsyksa easa canHkkjrh; dSfn;ksa dks fjgk dj nsuk pkfg,AHkkjr dks vxj blesa lQyrk feyx;h rk s ikfdLrku dV~VjiafFk;ksa dsgkSlys iLr gksaxs vkSj Hkkjr&ikfdLrkuds c h p dV qrk dk e q[; dkj . kdV~VjiaFkh gh gSaA

Hkkjrh; Lora=rk vk ank syu ds'kq#vkrh çeq[k usrkvksa esa ls ,d xksiky—".k xk s[kys jktuhfrd cnyko dsvykok lkekftd lqèkkjksa ds fy, Hkhçfrc) Fks vkSj jk"Vªfirk egkRek xkaèkh usmUgsa viuk xq# ekuk FkkA xks[kys dsle; esa dkaxzsl Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dheq[;èkkjk dks çdV djus okyh loZçeq[klaLFkk FkhA og dkaxzsl esa ujeiaFkh fopkjèkkjkdk çfrfufèkRo djus okys usrk Fks vkSjckrphr dh çfØ;k esa Hkjkslk djrs FksAml le; ds çeq[k usrkvksa dk ç;kl Fkkfd vaxzsth lkezkT; esa Hkkjrh;ksa dks bTtrfeyuh pkfg,A

Hkkjrh; Lora=rk laxzke esa xksiky —".k xks[kys oSls rks ujeiaFkh ny ds usrkds :i esa fo[;kr Fks ysfdu mUgksausegkRek xkaèkh ds :i esa ns'k dks lclscM+k ;ksxnku fn;k Fkk D;ksafd Hkkjr dksle>us dh lh[k xkaèkh dks xks[kys ls ghfeyh Fkh vkSj jk"Vªfirk us mUgsa viusjktuhfrd xq# ds :i esa Lohdkj Hkhfd;k FkkA xkaèkh Lekjd fufèk ds lfpojkepaæ jkgh ds vuqlkj xks[kys gh og'k[l Fks ftUgksaus egkRek xkaèkh dks iwjkns'k ?kwedj Hkkjr dks le>us dh lykgnh FkhA jkgh ds vuqlkj ge dg ldrsgSa fd xks[kys dh bl lykg us Hkkjrh;

usrk ds lkFk&lkFk lekt lqèkkjd Hkh Fks xks[kysvktknh ds vkanksyu dh ,d ubZ fn'kkr; dj nhA egkRek xkaèkh xks[kys dstcjnLr ç'kald Fks vkSj mUgksaus mUgsaviuk jktuhfrd xq# Hkh Lohdkj fd;kFkkA xks[kys mu usrkvksa esa Fk s ftulsjk"Vªfirk egkRek xkaèkh lcls vfèkd çHkkforFk sA

jkepaæ jkgh ds vuqlkj xkaèkh xks[kysls dkQh çHkkfor Fks vkSj ;gh dkj.k gSfd nf{k.k vÝhdk ls ykSVus ds ckn ogftu yksxksa ls çeq[krk ls feys muesaxks[kys Hkh FksA xks[kys ds lq>ko dks /;kuesa j[krs gq, egkRek xkaèkh us Hkkjr dh;k=k dh FkhA blls mUgsa Hkkjr vkSj vkeHkkjrh; dks le>us dk ekSdk feykA blhØe esa og fofHkUu {ks=ksa dh leL;kvksa lsnks pkj gq,A mudk ekuuk gS fd xkaèkh dsigys dkaxzsl usrR̀o ,yhV fdLe dk Fkkftlesa vke yksxksa ds fy, txg ugha FkhAysfdu xkaèkh dh yksdeq[kh jktuhfr lsvke vkneh dk mlesa ços'k gks x;k vkSjog xkao-xkao rd igqap xbZA blls Lora=rkvkanksyu esa vke vkneh dh lgHkkfxrkvkSj Hkwfedk c<+rh xbZA xks[kys dkyst esaf'k{kk gkfly djus okyh ns'k dh 'kq#vkrhihf<;ksa esa ls ,d ds lnL; FksA f'k{kkçkIr djus ls mUgsa bldk egRo le> esavk;k vkSj og pkgrs Fks fd vke Hkkjrh;

Hkh f'k{kk ds egRo dks le>saA f'k{kk dsegRo dks le>rs gq, blds lkoZtfudçlkj ds fy, dkQh ç;kl fd;kA chlohalnh ds 'kq#vkrh o"kksaZ esa xks[kys tuusrkds rkSj ij mHkjs vkSj ;qokvksa ds chp ogfo'ks"k :i ls yksdfç; gq,A mUgksaus losaZV~lvkQ bafM;k lkslkbVh dh LFkkiuk dhftldk y{; ,sls çfrc) yksxksa dksçf'kf{kr djuk Fkk tks fuLokFkZ Hkko lsvke yksxksa dh HkykbZ ds fy, dke djldsaA vke yksxksa ds chp f'k{kk ds çlkj,oa lkekftd lqèkkj ds fy, ç;kljrxks[kys us vKkurk] tkfrokn] vLi'̀;rktSls eqíksa ij çHkkoh rjhds ls vius fopkjj[ksA blds lkFk gh og fgUnw vkSj eqfLyeleqnk;ksa ds chp lkSgknZz vkSj fo'okl dsfy, Hkh ç;kljr jgsA

xks[kys Hkkjrh; Lora=rk laxzke esaml nkSj esa fo[;kr gq, tc vktknh dhyM+kb Z yM+ jgh dk axz sl nk s Li"Vfopkjèkkjkvksa esa foHkkftr utj vk jghFkhA ,d vksj cky xaxkèkj fryd] fofiupUæ iky] ykyk yktir jk; vkSj vjfoUn?kks"k tSls xjeiaFkh fopkjèkkjk ds usrk Fksogha ujeiaFkh fopkjèkkjk ds fljekSj usrkxks[kys FksA xks[kys us nknk HkkbZ uSjksthtSls ujeiaFkh usrkvksa ds lkFk ges'kklkekftd lqèkkjksa ij tksj fn;kA

15


ikuh dk ladV nqfu;k Hkj dsfy; psrkouh gSA ,d oSKkfud usHkfo";ok.kh Hkh dh Fkh fd rhljkfo'o;q) ;fn yM+k tk,xk rks ogikuh dks ysdj gksxkA Hkw&ty dkLrj fxjuk bldk ladsr gSA bldsckotwn ;kstukdkjksa dks gks'k ughavk jgk gSA ns'k&izns'k dks pykusokys bl ij fdl rjg ls ?kfM+;kyhvkalw cgk jgs gSa] bldks ns[kdjxqLlk vkrk gSA

ikuh ds ladV ij ?kfM+;kyh vkalwty gh thou gS] ;g lHkh tkurs

gSa ysfdu ikuh dk ladV /khjs&/khjs fdlrjg c<+rk tk jgk vkSj ns'k&izns'k dkspykus okys bl ij fdl rjg ls?kfM+;kyh vkalw cgk jgs gSa] bldks ns[kdjxqLlk vkrk gSA xehZ vkrs gh ;g ladVges'kk c<+ tkrk gSA mRrj izns'k vkSje/; izns'k ds cqansy[k.M bykds esa rksvdky ogka dh fu;fr cu pqdh gSysfdu tehu ds vanj ty dk LrjvU; {ks=ksa eas Hkh [krjukd fLFkfr rdfxj x;k gSA bl ij tc dksbZ ftEesnkjusrk ¼egkjk"Vª ds mieq[;e a=h½ ;gdgrk gS fd ck a/k eas ikuh de gks x;kgS rks D;k eSa is'kkc dj nwa] rks eu esadSls&dSls fopkj vkrs gSaA egkjk"Vª easmieq[;ea=h vftr iokj dks Hkh ckn esavius 'kCnksa ij 'keZ vk;h gksxhA mUgkasusekQh Hkh ekaxh Fkh ysfdu leL;k T;ksadh R;ksa gSA ikuh dk ladV dSls nwj gk s]bl ij xaHkhjrk ls dqN djus dh t:jrgSA mRrj izns'k eas eq[;ea=h vf[kys'k;kno us xr rhu ebZ dks bl ladV dksxaHkhjrk ls fy;k gS vkSj mPp Lrjh;cSBd cqykdj xzkE; fodkl foHkkx dsizeq[k lfpo jktho dqekj o vU; vf/kdkfj;ksa dks funsZ'k fn;k fd rRdkyjkgr nsus ds fy;s vkSj nwjxkeh ;kstukvksa

ij dke 'kq: fd;k tk,a eq[;ea=h usdgk fd CykWdksa eas MkdZ Cykd brus c<+x;s gSa rks ;kstuk esa dgha u dgha xM+cM+hgSA

xaxk&;equk ds nksvkos esa cls mRrjizns'k ds fuokfl;ksa ds fy;s ;g lpeqpfpark dh ckr gS fd ;gka HkwxHkhZ; tyLrj rsth ls fxj jgk gS izns'k ds vfreg Roi w. k Z e k u s t k u s o ky stuinksa&jk;cjsyh] dUukSt vkSj bVkokds CykWdksa eas Hkh Hk w&xHkZ ty Lrj rsthls fxj jgk gSA jk;cjsyh Jherh lk sfu;kxka/kh dk lalnh; {ks= gS rks bVkokeq[;ea=h vf[kys'k ;kno vkSj mudsfirk lik eqf[k;k eqyk;e flag ;knodk xg̀ tuin gSA dUukSt esa eq[;ea=hdh iRuh fMEiy ;kno lkaln gSaA blizdkj bu rhu tuinksa eas Hkh ikuh dhldaV xgjk x;k gSA vU; tuinksa eas rksladV gS ghA dbZ ftyksa eas Hk w&xHkZ tyLrj bruk uhps fxj pdqdk gS fd ogkads Cykd MkdZ Cykd ?kksf"kr dj fn;sx;sA xr o"kZ rd izns'k ds dqy 821CykWdksa eas 108 CykWd gh MkdZ Cykd Fksysfdu vc budh la[;k c<+dj 161igqap x;h gSA d`f"k mRiknu vk;qDrvkyksd jatu us Hkh Lohdkj fd;k gS fdizns'k eas 161 CykWd MkdZ Cykd cu pqds

gSa tgka Hkw&xHk Z ty Lrj [krjs ls uhpspyk x;k gSA bldk dkj.k vR;f/kdikuh dk nksgu vkSj ckfj'k ds ikuh dksu jksd ikuk gSA mUgksaus dgk rkykcksa dksikV fn;k x;k gS vkSj ufn;ka fldqM+rhtk jgh gSaA u;s rkykc cus ugha gSaA blrjg Hk w&xHkZ ty Lrj rsth ls uhps tkjgk gSA

/kjrh dh dks[k ls ge ikuh [kh apjgs gSa ysfdu i;kZoj.k dk larqyu fcxM+usls ckfj'k ds ekSle esa ikuh dks ogka rdigqapus ugha nsrsA tehu ij isM+&ikS/k sugha jg x;sA c<+rh vkcknh us taxykasdk fouk'k dj fn;kA 'kgjksa&dLcksa easlM+d] edku bl rjg cu x;s fd dghals Hkh ikuh dks tehu ds vanj igqapusdh xqatkb'k ugha jg x;hA bl rjglcls igys rks 'kgjksa vkSj dLck sa esa ;gladV c<+k Fkk ysfdu xkao blls vNwrsFk sA bldk izeq[k dkj.k Fkk ogka dsrkykc tks i;kZIr ek=k esa tehu dks Hkhikuh nsrs jgrs Fks vkSj ogka ds fuokfl;k sadks HkhA rkykcksa ij voS/k dCts gks x;sAljdkj us ;kstuk,a cuok;ha rks mu ij/;ku ugha fn;k x;kA dsUnz ljdkj dheujsxk ;k stuk ds rgr gh fdrus rkykccus] ;g ns[kus dh ckr gSA bu rkykcksads uke ij djksM+ksa #i;s dk canjckaV gksx;kA ysfdu ikuh dh leL;k dh rjQfdlh dk /;ku ugha x;kA

;gh dkj.k gS fd xkaoksa eas Hkh rsth lsty Lrj fxj x;k gSA MkdZ CykWdksa dhla[;k 108 ls 161 gks tkuk ;g n'kkZrkgS fd ldaV fdruh rsth ls c<+ jgk gSA

16


ljdkj us blds lek/kku ds :i esagS.MiEiksa ds yxkus ij jksd yxkus dkQSlyk fd;kA nwljh rjQ izns'k ljdkjus fo/kk;dksa dks ;g lqfo/kk Hkh nh gS fdmudh laLrqfr ij muds {ks= esa gS.MiEiyxk, tk,axsA

df̀"k mRiknu vk;qDr vkyksd jatuus crk;k fd fQygky LoPN is;tydh miyC/krk ds fy;s bl ckj rks 100gS.MiEi yxk, tk,axs ysfdu 2020 rdxkaok sa eas Hkh tykiwfrZ ikbi ykbu ls dhtk,xhA blds fy;s xkao&xkao ikuh dhVafd;ka cuk;h tk,axhA

;g ;k stuk dSls lQy gksxh] bldsO;kogkfjd i{k dks ns[kuk t:jh gSAxkao&xkao ikuh dh Vafd;ka cu tk,axhvkSj vkiwfrZ ds fy, ikbi ykbu fcNk;htk,xh ysfdu blds fy;s xkao&xkaofctyh dk gksuk t:jh gksxkA vHkh rdfdrus gh xkao ,sls gSa tgka fctyh dhykbu ugha igqaphA blds vykok tgkafctyh gS] ogka fdrus ?k.Vs fctyh dhvkiwfrZ dh tk jgh gSA xkaoksa esa ikuh dkladV vkSj c<+ tk,xkA orZeku eas ogkagS.MiEi gh tykiwfrZ dks laHkkys gSaAigys xkao&xkao eas nks pkj dq,a gksrs Fkstks vc can dj fn;s x;s gSaA rkykcvkSj dqvksa ds vHkko eas gS.MiEiksa ij ghikuh dh fuHk Zjrk jg x;h gSA gS.MiEi[kjkc gksrs gh =kfg&=kfg ep tkrh gSA

;g fLFkfr fdlh ,d jkT; dh ughagSA egkjk"Vª dk mYys[k rks ge djpqds tgka fdlku viuh Qly dhflapkbZ ds fy;s ikuh dh ekax jkT; dsmieq[;ea=h vftr iokj ls dj jgs FksvkSj mieq[;ea=h us fdrus HkksaMs <ax lstokc fn;k FkkA ikuh dk ladV ujsUnzek snh ds xqtjkr jkT; eas Hkh gS tgkafodkl nj ns'k esa lcls Åaph crk;htkrh gSA

ogka fctyh dh Hkh deh ugha gSD;ksafd eq[;ea=h ujsUnz ek snh us gh crk;kFkk fd ckdh jkT; tgka fctyh dhdeh dk jksuk jks;k djrs gSa] ogha xqtjkrfctyh csprk gSA mlh xqtjkr esa ihusdk ikuh xjhcksa dks ugha feyrkA ,dxkao ds ykskxsa us f'kdk;r dh Fkh fdncaxksa us mudks ekbuj ls ihus dk ikuhysus ls jksd j[kk gSA Hkktik 'kkflr e/

; izns'k eas Hkh fdluksa dks flapkbZ dsfy;s ikuh ugha fey ikrk gSA iwoZeq[;ea=h vkSj dkaxzsl ds jk"Vªh; egklfpofnfXot; flag us xr fnuksa vkjksi yxk;kFkk fd e/; izns'k esa dkaxzsl 'kklu dsnkSjku tks flapkbZ ifj;kstuk,a 'kq: dhx;h Fkha] mlds ckn muesa dksbZ btkQkugha gqvk gSA fdlkuksa dks Qlyksa dhflapkbZ ds fy;s ikuh ugha fey ikrkvkSj xkaoksa esa is;ty dh fdYyr cuhjgrh gSA

ikuh dk ladV nqfu;k Hkj ds fy;psrkouh gSA ,d oSKkfud us Hkfo";ok.khHkh dh Fkh fd rhljk fo'o;q) ;fnyM+k tk,xk rks og ikuh dks ysdjgksxkA Hk w&ty dk Lrj fxjuk bldkladsr gSA blds ckotwn ;kstukdkjk sa dksgk s'k ugha vk jgk gSA ikuh dks cjckndjus esa /kuk<~; oxZ dk gh T;knk gkFkgSA vkt Hkh 'kgjksa&dLcksa esa lcsjs&lcsjs

xkfM+;ksa dh /k qykbZ vkSj lM+dksa dks rjdjrs yksxksa dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSAikuh dks lap; djus dh ;kstuk flQZdkxtksa ij curh gSA ufn;k sa eas ckywte jgh gS vkSj xehZ vkrs&vkrs mudkLo:i ukys tSlk gks tkrk gSA rkykcrks vfLrRo foghu gks x;s vkSj NksVh&NksVh>hysa Hkh lw[k jgh gSaA dgha&dgha muij vkokl cu x;s gSaA ljdkj vkSjfoi{kh ny fl?QZ Hkk"k.k nsrs gSa] okLroeas ty ladV ls fuiVus dh fdlh dksfpark ugha gSA

blhfy, ikuh dks ysdj xehZ eas>xM+s gkrs gSaA ln~Hkko fcxM+rk gSA yksx/kjuk nsrs gSa] izn'kZu djrs gSa vkSj usrk?kfM+;kyh vkalw cgk nsrs gSaA ikuh dk;g ladV fpark dk fo"k; gS vkSj lclsT;knk ijs'kkuh fuEu o e/;e oxZ dksgk srh gS] blfy, mls rks dqN u dqNO;oLFkk djuh gh iMs+sxhA

Û [kkus dh cgqr lh oLrqvksa dh bZtkn vpkud vkSj xSjbjknru gh gqbZ FkhAiksVSVk s fpIl cuk, tktZ Øe us ftlus ,dudp<+s xzkgd dh irys vkyw ÝkbZ dh ekaxdks ysdj dh xbZ uqDrk phuh ls ukjktgksdj fugk;r irys fpIl cuk Mkys Fks tksfgV lkfcr gq,A ,sls gh e'kgwj ÝSap fM'kØsi lwtSr dh bZtkn gsujh 'kkisaV ukeddqd us dh ftlus Nk sVh pkdysV dks tykMkyk FkkA viuh ew[kZrk Nqikus ds fy, mlusvYdk sgy vk Sj Øhe dk feJ.k mu ijMkydj fczVsu ds jkt dqekj ,MoMZ dks is'kdj fn;k FkkA mUgsa ;g fM'k bruhvPNh yxh fd mUgksaus viuh rRdkyhu xyZÝsaM lqtSr ds uke ij bldk ukeØsi lqtSr dj fn;kA

Û ns[kus esa uj vkSj eknk isfXou ,dne,d tSls gksrs gSaA ,sls esa tc fdlh isafXou dksnksLrh djuh gkrh gS rks og pksap esa dadM+nckdj iSafXouksa dks is'k djrk gSA ;fn ftldslkeus ;g dadM+ dh fx¶V j[kh xb gS mlsekj Hkkxrk gS rks og tku tkrk gS fd ;g ujgSA ;fn lkeus okyh isafxou dadM+ ij ykrekj ns rks tku ysrk gS fd og mlls nksLrhdjuk pkgrhA gSuk ;g Hkh dqN&dqN ekuoksatSlh gjdrA

Û D;k vki tkurs gSa fd vxj mRrj izns'k dks vkijkf/kd Nfo dk ekuk tkrkgS rks ogha fiNys n'kd esa Hkkjrh; iz'kklfud lsok esa pqus tkus okyksa esa lclsT;knk mRrj izns'k ds gSaA fiNys nl lkyksa esa mRrj izns'k ds dqy 172 yksxvkbZ,,l pqus x,A blds ckn vkrs gSa rfeyukMq fcgkj vkSj egkjk"Vª tgka lsØe'k% 134] 96 vkSj 95 yksx vkbZ,,l cusA

17


ljdkj pykus okyksa dks ;g Hk; ugha jgrk fdmuds dkjukes ckn esa mtkxj gks ldrs gSa ysfdulhchvkbZ vkSj fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kk ijh{kd ¼dSx½us dqN Hk; rks iSnk fd;k gS vkSj Lok;Rrrk lsbudks dke djus fn;k x;k rk mtkys dh mEehn Hkhdh tk ldrh gSA

mEehn dh fdj.k %lhchvkbZ o dSx

dsUnzh; tkap C;wjk s ¼lhchvkbZ½ us,d vkSj cM+k fj'or dk ekeyk idM+kgSA jsyea=h iou dqekj c aly dkHkk atk j axs gkFk fj'or ysrs idM+kx;kA blls igys Hkh dbZ ,sls ekeyslkeus vk pqds gSa tc fdlh ea=h]eq[;ea=h ;k blh rjg ds #rcs okysO;fDr ds lxs&lEcUèkh mldk uktk;tQk;nk mBk jgs Fk sA vkaèk z izns'k esa iwoZe q[;e a=h okb Z,lvkj j sM~Mh ds c sVslkaln txu eksgu jsM~Mh ds f[kykQblh rjg ds dbZ ekeys gSaA rfeyukMqesa iwoZ eq[;ea=h ,e- d#.kkfufèk dhcsVh ds f[kykQ Hkh ,slk gh ekeykpy jgk gSA

lPpkbZ rks ;g gS fd usrkvksa vkSjukSdj'kkgksa ds HkkbZ&Hkrhts rd mudsin dk uktk;t ykHk ys jgs gSaA dbZrk s Qth Z HkkbZ&Hkrhts cudj i qfylvkSj vU; vfèkdkfj;ksa ij ncko cukrsgSaA ljdkj pykus okyksa dks ;g Hk;ugha jgrk fd muds dkjukes ckn esamtkxj gks ldrs gSa ysfdu lhchvkbZvkSj fu; a=d ,o a egkys[kk ijh{kd¼dSx½ us dqN Hk; rks iSnk fd;k gSvkSj Lok;Rrrk ls budks dke djusfn;k x;k rk mtkys dh mEehn Hkhdh tk ldrh gSA ljdk blesa ckèkkMkyus dk iz;kl t:j djsxh] tSlkfd dSx ds ekeys eas gqvk FkkA dsUnzljdkj dk bjknk Fkk fd dSx dks Hkhpquko vk;ksx dh rjg cgq lnL;h;cuk fn;k tk, ysfdu i zfri{k dsfojksèk vkSj turk dk leFkZu u feyusls ljdkj vius bjkns eas lQy ugha

gk s ldhAlhchvkbZ dks ysdj gkykafd cgqr

vkykspuk gks jgh gS vkSj gky gh esadk sy vko aVu e as ?k k sVkys dh tk apfjiksVZ izèkkuea=h dk;kZy; vkSj fofèke a=h vf'ouh dqej dks fn[kkus dkekeyk [kqyus ij foi{k us g axkek[kM+k dj fn;k gSA lqizhe dksVZ us HkhdbZ ekeyksa eas lhchvkbZ dks QVdkjyxk;h gS fd og ljdkj dh ,tsUlhdh rjg dke djuk can dj nsA dksyvkoaVu ekeys esa lhchvkbZ ds funs'kdus lqizhe dksVZ eas gyQukek ns fdmlu s i h ,e v k f Ql v k S jfofèk ea=h ds dgus ij fjiksVZ mudksfn[kkbZ FkhA

bl izdkj mlus ,d rjg ls viuhetcwjh n'kk Z nhA blds ckn Hkh ogviuk dke dj jgh gSA jsyea=h ioudqekj caly ds Hkk ats dks fj'or ysrsjaxs gkFk idM+uk bldk ,d lcwr gSAiou dqekj caly ds Hkk ats fot; dqekjflaxyk dks 90 yk[k #i;s fj'or ysrsjaxs gkFk idM+k x;k gSA bruh cM+hjde mudk s j syo s ck sMZ ds lnL;cuk; s x;s egs'k dqekj us fHktokbZFkhA nk s fnu igys gh mudk s jsyosck sMZ ds lnL; dk nkf;Ro lkSaik x;kFkkA ;g fxj¶rkjh lhchvkbZ us paMhx<+esa dh gSA fot; dqekj flaxyk dkslanhi xks;y rFkk eatwukFk uked nkse/;LFkk sa ds lkFk fxj¶rkj fd;k x;kAflaxyk us c;ku fn;k fd ;g fj'orjsyos cksMZ ds gky gh esa lnL; cuk;sx;s egs'k dqekj dh vksj ls nh x;hA

fnYyh ls eqacbZ igqaprs gh egss'k dqekjdks fxj¶rkj dj fy;k x;kA

egs'k dqekj blls iwoZ e/; jsyoseqacbZ eas egkizcaèkd gqvk djrs Fk s ysfdujsyos cksMZ ds lnL; ds :i esa mudkscgqr lkjs vfèkdkj feyus Fk sA blhfy,mUgksaus nks djksM+ #i;s dk nkao [ksykAfot; dqekj flaxyk us lhchvkbZ dkscrk;k fd egs'k dqekj us 90 yk[k#i;s dh igyh fdLr Hk sth Fkh vkSjjsyos cksMZ dk ps;jeSu cukus ds fy;snks djksM+ #i;s nsus dk oknk fd;k FkkALokHkkfod gS fd jsyea=h iou dqekjcaly bl ekeys ls vius dks vufHkKcrk,axs ysfdu ;g tkurs gq, fd ioucaly p.Mhx<+ ls lkaln gSa vkSj mudsizHkko dk nq#i;ksx mudk Hkkatk vklkuhls dj ldrk gSA ;wih, ljdkj dslkeus bl izdkj ds vkjksik sa dh dehigys ls ugha Fkh vc ,d vkSj dM+hmlesa tqM+ x;h gSA laln esa eq[;foi{kh ny Hkktik us j syea=h ioudqekj ds bLrhQs dh ekax rRdky djnh gSA mlus dgk fd jsye a=h dsi f jo k j htu k s a i j j syo s e s aVªk alQj&iksfLVax vkSj vU; dk;Z djkusds fy;s ysu&nsu dk vkjksi igys lsgh yx jgk FkkA lhchvkbZ us bldhiqf"V dj nh gSA

blh rjg fu;a=d ,o a egkys[kkijh{kd ¼dSx½ Hkh viuk dke eq'rSnhls dj jgs gSaA 2th LisDVªe ls ysdjgsyhdkIVjk s a dh [kjhn ?kk sVkys rdfdruh gh vfu;ferrk,a dSx us idM+hgSaA dSx ds dke dh rkjhQ foi{kh ny

18


Hkh dj jgs gSaA egkys[kk ijh{kd fouksnjk; dgrs gSa fd mudh ljdkjh vkWfMVlaLFkk dks fcuk jksd&Vksd ftEesnkjhiwjh djus dk volj fey jgk gSA gkygh esa vky bf.M;k jsfM;ks dks fn;slk{kkRdkj esa Jh jk; us Hkkjrh; lafoèkkudk gokyk nsrs gq, dgk fd lafoèkku usbl ljdkjh vkWfMV laLFkk us fcukfdlh O;oèkku ds vk WfMV djus dkvfèkdkj ns j[kk gSA geas vkSj vfèkdkjksadh t:jr ugha gSA mUgksaus dgk lafoèkkufuekZrkvksa us cM+h bZekunkjh ls dSx dhHkwfedk fuèkkZfjr dh FkhA blhfy, fiNysdqN lkyksa eas tc 2th LisDVªe vkSjsdks;yk Cykd vkoaVu ekeys eas fu;a=d,oa egkys[kk ijh{kd dk vkWfMV dkegks jgk Fkk rks ljdkj us dM+h vkykspukdh FkhA blds ckn Hkh mlds dke esadksb Z ckèkk ugha Mkyh x;hA Jh fouksnjk; us dgk fd dSx fjiksVZ bl rjgdh gksuh pkfg, ftls vke vkneh Hkhle> ldsA

/;ku jgs fd 2th LisDVªe ekeys esatc dSx dh fjik sVZ ds vkèkkj ij iwoZlapkj ea=h ,- jktk dk s tsy Hk stk x;kvkSj ckn eas dksbZ vU; yksxksa ds lkFkJh d#.kkfufèk dh csVh dfueks>h dksHkh frgkM+ tkuk iM+k] rc lqizhe dksVZus 2th LisDVªe ds lkjs vkoaVu jí dju;s fljs ls uhykeh dk funsZ'k fn;kFkkA ;g uhykeh tc dh x;h rk siwathifr;ka us gkFk [kM+s dj fn;sA bldk,d dkj.k ;g fd nwj lapkj dhrduhd eas rsth ls ifjorZu gks jgk gSvkSj 2th rduhd iqjkuh gks x;hA

blfy, uhykeh esa igys dh vis{kkde iSlk vk;kA bl ij ljdkj usdgk Fkk fd dSx us ftls ?kk sVkyk cukfn;k] og ljdkj dk vPNk dne FkkAdSx us ml le; Hkh bls ?kksVkyk ughadgk Fkk cfYd ;g crk;k Fkk fd igysvkvks] igys ikvks dh rtZ ij uhykehdjds ljdkj us djksM+k sa dk ?kkVk mBk;kgS tks ml le; uhykeh djus ls ughagk srkA

ml le; bleas izfrLi)kZ FkhA ;gckr turk dh Hkh le> eas vk;h FkhAcgjgky] dSx vkSj lhchvkbZ ls Hk z"Vkkjij dqN vadq'k rks yxsxk ghA

fnYyh ds dkaxzslh usrk lTtu dqekjdks nks"k eqä djkj fn, tkus ij cokyrk s gk suk gh Fkk ] D;k s afd os 1984 dsfl[k fojksèkh naxs ds çrhd cu pqds gSaAujlagkj ds 29 lky chr tkus ds cknHk h x qLlk de ugh a g qvk g S] D;k s a fdnksf"k;ksa dks ltk nsus ds lacaèk esa fl[kksadh ekax iwjh ugh a gqbZ gSA mudh vkgrHkkoukvksa dks nwj djus dk dksbZ jkLrkfudkyuk pkfg,A

nf{ k.k vÝhdk es a tc dkys vk Sjxksjk sa ds chp la?k"k Z py jgk Fkk ] rk sdkuwu O;oLFkk vkSj esy&feyki ds fy,,d vk;k sx cuk;k x;k Fk kA bldkedln ekeys dk s varghu dky rdyVdk, cxSj lPpkbZ dks lkeus ykukFkk A gkyk afd bl rjg ds mik; lsHkkjr esa fl[kksa dh ekaxsa iwjh ugha gksaxh]ysfdu blls nax s dk okLrfod dkj.kt:j lkeu s vk,xkA e sy&feyki dsfy, cuh lfefr dk dke ltk nsukugha] cfYd vijkèk ds ewy dkj.kks a dkirk yxkuk gk sxkA ;g lgh gS fd fl[kegt vk;k sx cuk nsus ls l ar q"V ugh agksaxs] ysfdu vxj esy feyki ugha gqvkrks laHko gS lPpkbZ Hkh lkeus ugha vkik,xhA bl chp dukZVd esa pquko gksx;kA urhts Hkh vk x,A jkT; esa uk rkslÙkk:<+ Hkktik vkSj uk gh dkaxzsl dsi{k esa dksbZ gok FkhA ysfdu Hkktik dkslÙkk fojksèkh gok dk lkeuk djuk iM+kvkSj dkaxzsl dks jkT; esa [kM+k gksus dkek Sdk fey x;kA

dukZVd ds urhts bl ek;us esa Hkhvge gSa fd buds vkèkkj ij nksuksa eq[;ikfVZ;ka ns'k ds ekgkSy dk vanktk yxk,axh]D;ks afd yksdlHkk pquko le; ls igysgk su s dh laHkkouk c< +rh tk jgh g SAvxj ,slk ugh a g qvk rk s turk e/;çns'k] NÙkhlx<+] jktLFkku vkSj fnYyhds foè kkulHkk pquko esa dk ax zsl vk SjHkktik dks vkxkg djsxhA bu jkT;ksa esafoèkkulHkk pquko blh lky gk suk g S]tcfd yk sdlHkk pquko 2014 esa gk sukgSA gdhdr esa nf{k.kh jkT; duk ZVddk pquko ,sls le; esa gqvk fd ns'k dsckdh fgLls ds oksVj Hkh blds urhtsdk cslczh l s bartkj dj jg s Fk sA ostkuu k pkgr s F k s fd fy ax k;r vk Sjok sDdk fyaxk [ k se s e s a c aV s duk ZVd ds

dukZVd foèkkulHkk pquko urhtksa ds ladsrok sVj vkf[kj D;k djrs g SaA igys dhgh rjg bl pquko esa Hkh tkfr dh vgeHkwfedk jgh vkSj vYila[;d oksVjksa dk:>ku r;'kqnk ekuk x;kA

vkSj fQj gj pqukoksa dh rjg dukZVdpquko esa Hkh iSls dh vge Hkwfedk jghAfiNys pquko esa de ls de ukS mEehnokjflQZ vius iSls ds cy ij pquko thrsFk sA ,d mEehnokj }kjk nkf[ky C;ksjsds vuqlkj mlds ikl 690 djksM+ #i,dh laifÙk FkhA

dukZVd esa mEehnokjksa dh lwph ijljljh fuxkg Mkyus ls irk py tkrkg S fd fdl rjg ik fV Z;k a vfè kd lsvfèkd èkui'k qvk s a dk s viuk mEehnokjcuk jgh g SaA nk suk sa ikfV Z;k s a us 'kjkcy‚ch ls ysdj [knku ekfQ;k vkSj fQjfj;y bLV sV d s ekfydk s a dk s fVdVfn;k gSA dkaxzsl vkSj Hkktik ds de lsde nl&nl mEehnokjks a ds ikl ,dlkS djksM+ #i, ls vfèkd dh laifÙk gSAblls esjs bl fo'okl dks cy feyrk gSfd pquko vk;k sx ds reke ç;klks a dsckotwn pquko esa iSls dk [ksy c<+rk tkjgk gSA ge ,d n'kd ls T;knk yacsle; ls bl [ksy dks ns[k jgs gSa vkSjvxj Hkfo"; esa vkSj T;knk èkui'kq pqukough a yM+s ax s rk s ;g vk'p;Z okyh ckrgk sxhA le>us okyh ckr g S fd lHkhnyksa ds cM+s usrk ogk ¡ pquko çpkj esatqVsA dkaxzsl dh vksj ls lksfu;k xkaèkh]jkg qy xk aèk h vk Sj çèkkuea=h euek sgufl ag LVkj çpkjd Fk s] rk s Hkktik u sikVhZ v/;{k jktukFk flag] v:.k tsVyhvk Sj yky—".k vkMok.kh dk s vius i{kesa oksV tqVkus ds dke esa yxk;kA

Hkktik ds iwjs 'kkludky esa ikVh Zdh Nfo Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj vkijkfèkd ekeyksads dkj.k èkwfey gk s pqdh FkhA bldsvykok ikVh Z dk viuk vardZyg Hkhjg kA

blh vardZyg ds dkj.k iwoZ eq[;ea=hch,l ;sfn;qijIik dk s Hkktik NksM +djviuh vyx ikVh Z dukZVd turk i{kcu kuh iM+h A ; sfn;qjIi k vfèkd lhV saugh a thr s ysfdu Hkktik dk s mUg k s au sfuf'pr rkSj ij uqdlku igqapk;kA

lcls nq%[kn ckr ;g jgh fd fdlhHkh NksVs ;k cM+s ny us dke dk dksbZeqík pquko esa ugha mBk;kA

19


mRrj izns'k 'kklu us izns'k ds ikap iwoZ eaf=;ksa ds f[kykQdkjZokbZ tYn vuqefr nsus ds ladsr fn, gSaA ;g dkjZokbZ eq[;ea=h vf[kys'k ;kno ds funsZ'k ij gks jgh gSA bu ikapksa iwoZeaf=;ksa ij ?kksf"kr vk; ls vf/kd lEifRr tqVkus ds vkjksi gSAbl ckjs esa foftysal dh tkap iwjh gks pqdh gS vkSj mldh fjiksVZizns'k ljdkj dks lkSai nh x;h gSA Hkz"Vkpkj ds vkjksi esa f?kjs ;sea=h gSa iwoZ lgdkfjrk ea=h ckcw flag dq'kokgk ¼tks Hkktik dh'kj.k esa pys x;s gS½ iwoZ yksd fuekZ.k vkSj flapkbZ ,oa vYila[;ddY;k.k ea=h ulheqn~nhu fln~nhdh tks iwoZ eq[;ea=h ek;korh dsvR;f/kd djhch ea=h Fks] iwoZ mPp f'k{kk ea=h jkds'k/kj f=ikBh]iwoZ ÅtkZ ea=h jkeohj mik/;k; vkSj iwoZ y?kq m|ksx ea=h panznsojke ;knoA

jktuhfrd'kqfprkdh

'kq:vkrjktuhfr dks LoPN cukus dh ckr

rks cgqr dh tkrh gS ysfdu bl fn'kke sa Bk sl dne ugh a mBk;k tkrkAdHkh&dHkh dksbZ cM+k ?kksVkyk gks tkrkgS tSls fgekpy esa iafMr lq[kjke 'kekZds ?kj djksM+ksa #i;s feys rks mUgsa gVkfn;k x;kA iwoZ ea=h cwVk flag ds yM+dsus djksM+ksa dh fj'or muds uke ij yhrks mUgsa gVk;k x;kA >kj[k.M esa iwoZeq[;ea=h e/kq dksM+k dks yxHkx lky Hkjtsy esa fcrkus ds ckn tekur bl 'krZij feyh fd og viuh chekj] o`) ekadh lsok djsaxsA dukZVd ds dqN ea=hcgqr gh ykur&eyker ds ckn Hkktikus gVk;s Fk sA bl izdkj ds QqVdjmnkgj.k gSa vkSj ;s fdlh ,d jktuhfrdny ls tqM+s ogh a gSaA jktuhfr esa Hkz"Vkpkjcgqr cM+ x;k gSA xka/khoknh lekt lsohvUuk gtkjs us blhfy, yksdiky fcydh yM+kbZ NsM+h gSA muesa lg;ksxh vjfoUndstjhoky rks vc ,d jktuhfrd ikVhZcukdj Hkz"Vkpkj ds f[kykQ yM+us dhckr dg jgs gSaA dgus dk eryc ;gfd Hkz"Vkpkj ds f[kykQ yM+kbZ vHkhfc[kjh gqbZ gS vkSj vkfFk Zd Hk z"Vkpkjc<+rk tk jgk gSA vkfFk Zd Hkz"Vkpkj lsnwljh rjg ds Hkz"Vkpkj c<+rs gSaA vcyxrk gS fd lqfu;ksftr rjhds l sjktuhfr ls Hk z"Vkpkj dks nwj fd;k tkldsxk D;ksafd mRrj izns'k dh ljdkjus ikap iwoZ ea=h iwoZorhZ clik ljdkj esadkQh gud j[krs FksA bu ij ?kksf"krvk; ls T;knk lEifRr cVksjus dk vkjk si

gS vkSj mldh tkap Hkh gks pqdh gSAbudh fdlh Hkh {k.k fxj¶rkjh laHko gSAvnkyr Hkh vc fxj¶rkjh okjaV tkjhdj jgh gS rkfd og vius dÙkZO; esaf<ykbZ u cjrsaA

mRrj izns'k 'kklu us izns'k ds ik apiwoZ eaf=;k sa ds f[kykQ dkjZokbZ tYnvuqefr nsus ds ladsr fn, gSaA ;gdkjZokbZ eq[; ea=h vf[kys'k ;kno dsfunsZ'k ij gks jgh gSA bu ik apksa iwoZeaf=;ksa ij ?kk sf"kr vk; ls vf/kdlEifRr tqVkus ds vkjksi gSA bl ckjs esafoftysal dh tkap iwjh gks pqdh gS vkSjmldh fjik sVZ izns'k ljdkj dks lk Sai nhx;h gSA Hkz"Vkpkj ds vkjk si esa f?kjs ;sea=h gSa iwoZ lgdkfjrk ea=h ckcw flagdq'kokgk ¼tks Hkktik dh 'kj.k esa pysx;s gS½ iwoZ yksd fuekZ.k vkSj flapkbZ ,oavYila[;d dY;k.k ea=h ulheqn~nhufln~nhdh tks iwoZ eq[;ea=h ek;korh dsvR;f/kd djhch ea=h Fks] iwoZ mPp f'k{kkea=h jkds'k/kj f=ikBh] iwoZ ÅtkZ ea=hjkeohj mik/;k; vkSj iwoZ y?kq m|k sxea=h panznso jke ;knoA ;gka ij ;g HkhmYys[kuh; gS fd lrdZrk foHkkx iwoZek/;fed f'k{kk ea=h jaxukFk feJ vkSjiwoZ nqX/k fodkl o i'k q ikyu ea=h vo/k iky flag ;kno ds f[kykQ tkap iwjhdj vkjksi i= nkf[ky djus ds fy,29 vizSy 2013 dks vuqefr ekaxh FhkvkSj ,d vU; iwoZ ea=h ckn'kk flag dsf[kykQ Hkh foospuk iwjh dj vkjksi i=nkf[ky djus dk iq[rk o fn;k tk

pqdk gSA eq[;ea=h vf[kys'k ;kno usigys gh dg fn; fd dksbZ Hkh Hkz"Vea=h;k usrk ;k vU; c['kk ugha tk,xkAbl izdkj iwoZ eaf=;ksa ds f[kykQ ,dlkFk dkjZokb Z iwjs ns'k ds fy, tgka ,dfelky cusxh] ogha bl mEehn dks Hkhcy feysxk fd vc jktuhfr esa 'kqfprkdks ykus dh ck/k,a [kRe gks jgh gSaAjktuhfr dh u;h ih<+h dks blls lcdfeysxkA

lcls xaHkhj fpark dh ckr ;gh Fkhfd jktuhfr esa Hkz"Vkpkj cgqr rsth lsiui jgk Fkk vkSj 'kgj ls ysdj xkaord mldk vlj Li"V :i ls fn[kusHkh yxk FkkA 'kgjksa&dLcksa esa ftl rjgfo/kk;d lkaln ds pepekrs edku]QkeZ gkml [kM+s gks jgs gSa vkSj njoktsij dbZ yXtjh xkfM+;k a fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSamlh rjg xkao esa iz/kku tks Hkh pquko lsigys Hkys gh lkbfdy ij py jgs gksysfdu lky chrrs&chrrs muds njoktsij Hkh cqysjk s ;k ek'k Zy [kM+h utjvkrh gSA y{eh th vpkud mu ijdSls esgjcku gks tkrh gSa] ;g fdlh dhle> esa ugha vkrkA ;g feyus ds lkFkgh mudh ncaxbZ Hkh c<+ tkrh gS vkSjfQj fdlh dh etky fd muls iwaNsHkb;s ;s lc rke >ke dgka ls vk;kAHk z"Vkpkj ds bl taxyksa dks dkVuk rkseqf'dy gS ysfdu bl fn'kk esa Bksliz;kl djus ls de ls de jktuhfr dhu;h ik S/k dks rks jk sdk gh tk ldsxkAdkuwu dk Hk; vc Hkh viuk vlj

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fn[kk ldrk gS ysfdu dk;Zikfydk Hkh mlh jax esa Mwc tkrhgSA mRrj izns'k esa iwoZ eq[;ea=h lqJh ek;korh ds dk;Zdkyesa y[kuÅ vkSj uks,Mk tks Lekjd cuok;s x;s] muesa Hkh?kksVkyk dk irk pyk gS vkSj iwoZ eaf=;ksa lesr 72 bathfu;j

mldh pisV esa vk;s gSaA /;ku jgs fd bu Lekjdksa ds fuekZ.kds fy, 42 vjc 76 djksM+ 83 yk[k 43 gtkj #i;s ljdkjh[ktkus ls [kpZ fd;s x;s gSA vkfFkZd vijk/k 'kk[kk us tkapds nkSjku ik;k fd 14 vjc 10 djksM+ 50 yk[k 63 gtkj dknq:i;ksx fd;k x;k gSA Lekjdksa ds vykok Hkh vU; dk;ksZa esa?kksVkyk fd;k x;kA eqjknkckn ds Lokeh foosdkuan vLirkydks QthZ <ax ls QksfVal vLirky izca/ku dks lk Sai s tkus dsekeys dh tkap Hkh vkfFk Zd vijk/k vuqla/kku 'kk[kk dj jghgSA Lekjdksa ds fuekZ.k esa ?kksVkyk djus ds vkjk si esa iwoZorhZclik ljdkj ds nks eaf=;ksa] rhu iwoZ fo/kk;dksa 72 bathfu;jksavkSj dbZ futh dEifu;k sa tSls v#.k baVjizkbtst ,adjdkaLVªD'ku] Xykscy baVj izkbtst vkSj xk;=h LVksusDl vkfn'kkfey gSA

eq[;ea=h vf[kys'k ;kno us lkr ebZ dks gh y[kuÅ esadgk Fkk fd iwoZ eq[;ea=h lqJh ek;korh ds uojRuksa dks tsyHk stk tk,xkA blds vykok vU; yksxksa dks Hkh tsy dh gokf[kykbZ tk ldrh gSA eq[;ea=h dh bl ckr dks jktuhfrcnys dh Hkkouk ls ugha ns[kk x;k D;ksafd mUgksaus ;g Hkh dgkFkk fd bu yksxksa ds f[kykQ dkuwu o rgr dkjZokbZ gks jgh

Û vejhdh oSKkfudksa us NksVh&NksVh lqb;k a yxh ,slh oSaM,M iV~Vh cukbZ gS tks tys gq, ?kkok sa dks Hkjus eas dkQhykHknk;d fl) gksxhA bls osM vkWQ uhMYl uke fn;k x;kgSA ;g lqb;ka tys Ropk ds vkl ikl dh [kky ij fpidtkrh gSa ftlls iV~Vh fgyrh ugha vkSj ckn esa fudkys tkusij ;g Ropk dks T;knk uqdlku ugha igqapkrh gSaA

Û fo'o dks lcls Åaph ioZr pksVh ekmaV ,ojsLV ¼8448eh-½ ij lcls igys 2 twu1953 dks rsu fl ag uk sjxsvkSj ,MeaM fgysjh igqaps FksAysfdu fgysj h pk sVh rdigqapus ls igys gh ,d [kkbZes a tk fxjs Fk sA vxj rsuflag yid dj mUgsa fudkyrsugha rks mudk uke izfl)u gks ikrkA rcls vc rd ,ojsLV ij dqy 6149 ckj p<+kb Zgks pqdh gSA fiNys lky dqy 600 yksx ,ojsLV ij p<s+a tks,d u;k dhfrZeku gSA vc rks ekmaV ,ojsLV dh rygVhrd ckdk;nk i;ZVu Vwj Hkh yxk, tkrs gSaA bl nkSj dh'kq:vkrh dher gS 50 gtkj ikm.M ¼,d ikmaM ¾ 82#i;s½A

Û eqacbZ ls igys T;knkrj fQYeas ykgkSj esa curh FkhaAi gy h c k syr h f QYevkyevkjk 1932 esa ykgkSjesa gh cuh FkhA igys dsT; k n k rj cM + s& cM + sfQYedkj vk Sj dykdkj,v k j dk jn k j ] M h ,eiapksyh bR;kfn rFkk xqykeg Snj ] i z k . k ] u wjtg k a ]eksrhyky] i`Fohjkt diwjbR;kfn ogha ls mHkjs Fk sA ;gka rd fd fnyhi dqekj] jktdiwj] nsokuan us Hkh ykgkSj esa cuh fQYeksa ls gh viukfQYeh lQj 'kq: fd;k FkkA

gSA clik ljdkj ds le; ds ukS eaf=;ksa ds f[kykQ yksdk;qDrU;k;ewfrZ vkj,u esgjks= tkap dj jgs Fks vkSj tkap esa mu ijyxk;s x;s vkjksi lp ik;s x;s gSaA ;g ckr vke turk dksHkh le> esa vk jgh gS fd ftu eaf=;ksa ij dkjZokbZ dh ckrdh tk jgh gS] mUgksaus vFkkg nkSyr dSls iSnk dj yhAgkyk afd foi{kh ny fo'ks"k :i ls clik ds yksx blsjktuhfrd cnys dh dkjZokbZ gh crk,axs ysfdu ;g vf[kys'k;kno dh ljdkj dk lkgl Hkjk dne gSA vkerkSj ij dksbZljdkj bl izdkj dk lkgl blfy, ugha fn[kkbZ D;ksafd ogtkurh gS fd og ges'kk cuh ugha jgsxh dy dks nwljh ikVhZdh ljdkj gksxh grks og Hkh blh rjg dh dkjZokbZ djldrh gSA blfy, vf[kys'k ;kno ljdkj ls vis{kk gS fdmlus tks lkgl fn[kk;k gS] mls veyhtkek iguk;sA bllsjktuhfr esa Hkz"Vkpkjdk izlkj rks #dsxkA

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dukZVd eas u eksnh pys] u jkgqynf{k.k Hkkjr esa igyh ckj ljdkj

cukdj Hkktik fc[kj x;h mldhfrdM+ckth gh mlds fc[kjko dk dkj.kcuhA dukZVd fo/kkulHkk pquko dsurhts Hkh ;gh crkrs gSa fd Hkktik lscxkor djus okys iwoZ eq[;ea=h ch,l;sfn;qjIik us Hkys gh T;knk lhVsa ughaik;h a ysfdu Hkktik dh ijkt; esamUgksaus cM+h Hk wfedk fuHkk;h gSA bllehdj.k dks ;fn ns[kk tk, rks dkaxzsldks Li"V cgqer rks ugha fey ikrkAfQygky tks bfrgkl cu x;k gS]mldks cnyk ugha tk ldrk ysfdumlls lh[k yh tk ldrh gSA ,dvU; lh[k Hkh Hkktik vkSj dkaxzsl nksuksadks feyh gSA Hkktik ftu ujsUnz eksnhdks iz/kkuea=h ds :i eas is'k dj jgh gSvkSj dgrh fQjrh gS fd iwjs ns'k dk;qok oxZ bl le; ujsUnz eksnh dknhokuk gSA dukZVd ds ;qokvksa us crkfn;k fd ujsUnz ek snh dk tknw xqtjkr;k mRrj izns'k tSls jkT;ksa eas Hkys ghpy tk, ysfdu nf{k.k esa bldk dksbZvlj ugha iM+us okyk gSA blh rjgdkaxzsl ds ;qok usrk] ftUgsa Hkkoh iz/kkuea=h crk;k tk jgk gS] mu jkgqyxka/kh dks Hkh dukZVd dh turk usBqdjk fn;k gSA jkT; esa tgka&tgka bunksuksa usrkvksa us izpkj fd;k] tu lHkk, adha] ogka mudh ikVhZ dks vk/kh lhVsa Hkhugha fey ik;h gSaA

dukZVd eas fo/kkulHkk pquko dkernku lEiUu gk su s d s c kn ghernkrkvksa ds losZ us crk fn;k Fkk fd;gka ls Hkxok mrj pqdk gS vkSj dkaxzsldk frjaxk fQj Qgjk,xkA gkykad ,dvk'kadk Fkh fd dkaxzsl dks vdsys neij ljdkj cukus dk ek Sdk ugha feysxkApquko urhtksa l s ;g vuqeku xyrlkfcr dj fn;kA jkT; ds tkx:dernkrkvksa us bl ckj vius izfrfuf/kpquus esa dksbZ xyrh ugha dhA mudkslu~ 2002 ds fo/kkulHkk pquko ;kn vkx;s gksaxs tc rhu izeq[k jktuhfrdnyksa esa ls fdlh dks cgqer ugha feyk

Fkk vkSj dkaxzsl lcls cM+h ikVhZ cudjmHkjh FkhA ml le; iwoZ iz/kkuea=h,pMh nsoxkSM+k dh ikVhZ turk ny¼,l½ us dkaxzsl ds lkFk feydj ljdkjcuk;hA /kje flag eq[;ea=h cus ysfduHkktik us viuh nqjfHklaf/k ds pyrsml ljdkj esa QwV iSnk dj nhA Jh,pMh nsoxkSM+k ds csVs dqekj Lokeh

nsoxkSM+k dh egRokdka{kk dks mHkkjdjch,l ;sfn;qjIik us /kje flag ljdkjdks vYier esa dj fn;kA turk ny¼,l½ us leFkZu okil yhs fy;k FkkvkSj Hkktik us turk ny ¼,l½ dksleFkZu nsdj ljdkj cukus dk nkokis'k dj fn;kA bu nksuksa nyksa ds feytkus ls cgqer lkfcr djus esa dqekjLokeh dks dksbZ dfBukbZ ugha gqbZ ysfdule>k Srs ds vuqlkj tc Hkktik dkseq[;ea=h cuus dk volj vk;k rksdqekj Lokeh eqdj x;sA yxHkx ,deghus rd nksuksa nyksa eas [kViV pyrhjghA bl chp dkaxzsl us Hkh ljdkjcukus dk iz;kl fd;k ysfdu varr%ogka jk"Vªifr 'kklu yxk;k x;kA ckneas fo/kkulHkk pquko gq, rks Hkktik usigyh ckj nf{k.k Hkkjr esa viuh Lora=ljdkj cukus dk volj izkIr fd;kA

;g dgus esa dksbZ ladksp ugha fdHkktik dks ;g volj fnykus esa ch,l;sfn;qjIik dh izeq[k Hkwfedk jghA dukZVd

esa fyaxk;rksaa dk Hkh mlh rjg opZLogS] tSlk egkjk"Vª eas ejkBksa dkA blrjg Jh ch,l ;sfn;qjIik gh eq[;ea=hin ds nkosnkj Fks vkSj bUghas dks dqlh ZlkSaih x;hA bruk t:j gqvk fd ikVhZdh ofj"B usrk Jherh lq"kek LojktvkSj v#.k tsVyh tSls usrkvksa ds ,slsd`ikik= e a=h cu x;s ftudh Nfo

[kuu ekfQ;k ds :i e sa FkhA bueaf=;k sa dk dkjksckj lRrk ikrs gh vkSjpedus yxkA ml le; dukZVd easyksdk; qDr in ij U;k;e wfrZ l ark s"kgsxM+s cSBs Fk s tks vius drZO; iFk esafdlh ck/kk dks ugha ekursA yksdk;qDrus eq[;ea=h dks ,d lwph Fkek nh vkSjvuqjk s/ k fd;k fd brus e af=;ks a dk seaf=e.My ls gVk fn;s tk,a D;ksafdbuds f[kykQ xaHkhj vkjksi gSaA Jh;sfn;qjIik ij dsUnzh; usrR̀o dk nckoFkk vkSj nkxh dgs tkus okys eaf=;k sa dksugah gVk;k tk ldkA yksdk;qDr larks"kgsxM+s us bLrhQk nsus dh /kedh ns nhAckn esa mu eaf=;k sa dks gVk;k Hkh x;kysfdu rc rd ljdkj dk Hk z"VkpkjdkQh pfpZr gks pqdk FkkA eq[;ea=hch,l ;sfn;qjIik Lo;a tehu vkoaVu?kk sVkys esa Qal pqds FksA mUgkasus viuscsVs vkSj csVh dks gh xyr rjhds lstehu ns nh Fkh ftl ij edku dkfuek Z.k Hkh gk s jgk FkkA ekeys dk

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[kqyklk gksus ds ckn csVs vkSj csVh ustehu okil dj nh ysfdu ;sfn;qjIikij bLrhQk nsus dk ncko c<+kA Jh;sfn;qjIik us ikVhZ dk funsZ'k ekuus lsgh badkj dj fn;kA ckn esa dqlhZ Nk sM+hHkh rks viuh ilan ds ch- lnkuan xkSM+kdks eq[;ea=h cuok;k vkSj muls ukjktgq, rks txnh'k 'ksV~Vkj dks dqlhZ FkeknhA 'ksV~Vkj ls Hkh ukjkt gq, rks ikVhZNksM+dj dukZVd turk ikVhZ cuk;hAHkktik dh bruh ukSVadh ns[kus ds ckndukZVd ds ernkrk iqu% Hkktik dkslRrk dSls lk Sai ldrs FksA

blds ckn rks va/kksa esa dkuk jktkdh dgkor pfjrkFk Z gqbZA ernkrkvksadks yxk fd dkaxzsl gh bueas ls csgrjgS ysfdu jkT; dk Hkyk rHkh gksxk tcvdsys ne ij dkaxzsl dks lRrk lk Saihtk,A urhtk lcds lkeus gSA dkaxzslus cgqer gkfly dj fy;k gS ysfdublls dk axzsl dks dqN xyrQgfe;kanwj dj ysuh pkfg,A lcls igyh rks;gh fd ogka dh turk us vxj ujsUnz

eksnh dks dksbZ egRo ugha fn;k gS rksjkgqy mik/;{k cuus ds ckn duk ZVdeas jk"Vªh; usrk dh gSfl;r ls n[kyfn;k FkkA mUgkasus mEehnokjksa ds p;uls ysdj izpkj rd esa viuh jk;nhA

blds ckn Hkh dukZVd ds ernkrkvksaus jkgqy xka/kh ds dgus ij ok sV ughafn;kA jkgqy us ftu {ks=k sa eas tedjpquko izpkj fd;k Fkk] ogka dkaxsl dks20&25 lhVsa gh fey ik;h aA blfy,dkaxzsl dks ;g ;kn j[kuk iM+sxk fdjkgqy xka/kh dks ikVhZ dk usrk ?kksf"krdjds yksdlHkk pquko eas dukZVd lsT;knk lk aln ugha tqVk, tk ldsaxsAblh izdkj Hkktik dks Hkh viuh j.kuhfresa lq/kkj djuk gksxkA ofj"B usrk Jhykyd`".k vkMok.kh us pquko urhtsfeyrs gh ;g dgk fd duk ZVd e sa;sfn;qjIik dks vyx djds Hkktik usxyrh dh gSA yksdlHkk pquko rdHkktik bl xyrh dks lq/kkjus dk iz;klHkh dj ldrh gSA

dkaxzsl ds fy;s nwljk lcd ;g gSfd mlus dukZVd ds nf{k.kh Hkkx dkstks fo'ks"k vkfFk Zd iSdst fn;k Fkk]mlls yksxksa dh lgkuqHk wfr feyh gSAjkT; dh turk dk Hkjk slk gS fd dsUnzdh ljdkj 2014 rd dukZVd dks vkSjHk h lqfo/kk, a ns ldrh gSaA jkT; e salwpuk izk S|ksfxdh dk s c<+kok nsus dsi;kZIr volj gSa vkSj dsUnz ljdkj lsenn feyus ij jkT; dk fodkl rsthls gksxkA jkT; dh turk dks ;g HkhHkjkslk gS fd lu~ 2014 eas iqu% dkaxzsl dsgh usr̀Ro eas ljdkj cu ldrh gSA bulc ckrksa dk izHkko Hkh dukZVd dhturk ij iM+k gSA bl chp ;g ppkZ Hkhgk s jgh gS fd dkaxzsl Hkktik ls cxkordjus okys ch,l ;qfn;qjIik dh ikVhZ dksvius lkFk dj ysxhA ;fn ,slk gqvk rksdkaxszl dh ;g cM+h xyrh gksxh D;ksafdftl Hk z"Vkpkj dh og vHkh rd vkykspukdjrh jgh gS] mlh dks xys yxkus lsturk dh ukjktxh dk lkeuk Hkh dkaxszldks iM+ ldrk gSA

xehZ dk ekSle gS] gks ldrk gSavkids lkFk Hkh ,slk gqvk gks fd vkifdlh dSEisu ij x, gksa vkSj vkidksVSaV esa Hk;adj xehZ lgu djuh iM+hgk sA ;fn gka rks vc ,slk ugha gksxkA

njvly 'k hi e Sd , fyLVj usvDlj ?kj esa csdkj ekuh tkus [kyhcksry vkfn dks feykdj ,d iksVsZcy,;j daMh'kuj rS;kj fd;k gSA

bl ,a;j daMh'kuj dks mUgksaus DIYAC uke fn;k gSA bls vki VSaV] NksVsdejs ;k fQj dgh Hkh yxkdj xehZ lsfutkr ik ldrs gSaA

;fn vki Hkh iksVsZcy ,a;j daMh'kujrS;kj djuk pkgrs gSa rks blds fy,vkidks lcls igys ,d cM+s fMCcs vkSjdaI;wVj ds ia[k s dh t:jr iM+sxhA

daI;wVj ds ia[k s dks vki cM+s fMCcsds Åij tksM+ nsa] blds ckn fMCcs esalkbM ls Nsn djds okVj cksry dksblls tksM+ nsaA ;g ck sry VSaV ;k

xehZ esa ,sls rS;kj dhft,iksVsZcy ,;j daMh'kuj

dejs ds ckgj ekStwn BaMh gok dks[khpsaxhA cM+s fMCcs esa ftl rjQ vkiusck sry yxkb Z g S Bhd mlds nwljh

rjQ ia[ks ls tksM+rs gq, cSVjh dks ckaèknsaA blds ckn fMCcs ds vanj cQZ ds

dqN VqdM+s j[k nsaA;fn vkids ikl cQZ ds VqdM+s ugha

gSa rks fMCcs esa BaMk ikuh Hkh Hkjk tkldrk gSA vc rS;kj gks x;k vkidkiksVsZcy ,lhA

tc vki bls v‚u djsaxs rks ;gck sry ds tfj, ckgj dh gok dk s

[khpsxk vkSj cQZ dslaidZ esa vkdj ;ggok BaMh gok e sacny tk,xhA

bll s v k i dkV S a V ; k dej kvklkuh ls BaMk gkstk,xk vkSj vkidksxehZ ls futkr feytk,xhA bls rS;kjdjus esa T;knk iSlksdh t:jr ugha gSA

?kj esa dke uvkus o kyh [k kyhcksry vkSj fMCcs lsfeykdj vki blsvklkuh l s rS;k j

dj ldrs gSaA

23


dkaxzsl dks NksM+ukgksxk ea=h eksg

jsyea=h iou dqekj caly ds Hkkats }kjk jsyos ds ,d vf/kdkjh dks jsyos cksMZ dk lnL; cuokuks eas nks djksM+ dhfu'or dh ekax vkSj fof/k ea=h vf'ouh dqekj dk lhchvkbZ dh tkap fjiksVZ dks ns[kdj mlesa cnyo djkus ds ekeysesa eueksgu flag dh ljdkj cqjh rjg my> x;h gSA blds pyrs gh lkr lky ds ckn dukZVd esa ljdkj cukus dh[kq'kh Hkh eukus dks dkaxzsl dk fny ugha pkgrk gSA jsy ea=h iou caly ds fj'rsnkjksa ds ;gka Hkh Nkisekjh gks jgh gSvkSj blls Jh caly dh fnDdrsa c<+ jgh gSaA vf'ouh dqekj Hkh iz/kkuea=h dks cpkus ds pDdj eas Qal x;s gSaA

jsy ea=h iou dqekj caly vkSjfof/k ea=h vf'ouh dqekj ds ckjs easftrus lc wr lkeus vk pqds g Sa] o smudks dqlhZ ls gVkus ds y;s i;kZIrgSaA dkaxzsl dks bu eaf=;ksa ls eksg dksNk sM+uk gh gksxkA QSlys eas nsjh lsuqdlku gh gksrk gSA turk dh utjeas Hkh ;s ea=h nks"kh utj vkrs gsa vkSjl qi zhe dk sV Z dh QVdkj d s c knlhchvkb ls dlh izdkj dh ujeh dhmEehn ugha djuh pkfg, cfYd ogviuk iwjk ne[ke yxk nsxh rkfdlhchvkb Z ds ckj s e as yksx iqu% ;gdgus yxsa fd ;g tkap ,tsalh fcukfdlh nc ko d s d ke djrh g SAlhchvkbZ us j syos cksMZ ds fuyafcrlnL; egs'k dqekj] ftUgksaus nks djksM+

#i;s esa ;g in ikus dk lkSnk fd;kFkk ] ds vkoklh; ifjlj ij Nkike kjdj reke nLrko stk s a d s lkF klEifRr Hkh vius dCts eas ys yh gSAlhchvkbZ funs'kd us ;g Hkh dgk fdlqizhe dksVZ us fcYdqy Bhd vkdyufd;k gS ysfdu vc lhchvkbZ lkfcrdj nsxh fd og Lok;Rr laLFkk gSAm/kj] e q[; foi{kh ny Hkktik usnksuk sa eaf=;ksa ds bLrhQs ij vkSj nckoc<+k;k gSA o fj"B u srk ykyd`". kvkMok. kh dgrs g S a fd i z/ k kue a=heueksgu flag dks vc nksuk sa vkjk sfireaf=;ksa dks QkSju gVk nsuk pkfg,A

jsyea=h iou dqekj caly ds Hkk ats}kjk jsyos ds ,d vf/kdkjh dks jsyosck sMZ dk lnL; cuokuks eas nks djksM+

dh fu'or dh ekax vkSj fof/k ea=hvf'ouh dqekj dk lhchvkbZ dh tkapfjiksVZ dks ns[kdj mlesa cnyo djkusds ekeys esa eueksgu flag dh ljdkjcqjh rjg my> x;h gSA blds pyrsgh lkr lky ds ckn duk ZVd e saljdkj cukus dh [kq'kh Hkh eukus dksdkaxzsl dk fny ugha pkgrk gSA jsyea=h iou caly ds fj'rsnkjk sa ds ;gkaHkh Nkisekjh gks jgh gS vkSj blls Jhcaly dh fnDdrsa c<+ jgh gSaA vf'ouhdqekj Hkh i z/ k kue a=h dk s cpkus dspDdj eas Qal x;s gSaA lqizhe dksVZ dhfVIi.kh l s lger gk sdj lhchvkb Zfuns'kd jathr flUgk us tkap fjiksVZe a s cnyko lac a/ kh ekeys e sa T;knklaKku fy;k gSA blds ckn ljdkj esa

H k h [kycyh eph gSA dkuwu e a=hvf'ouh dqekj us iz/kkuea=h dk;kZy;tkdj eueksgu flag ls ckrphr dhgS ysfdu Li"V ugha fd D;k dgk&lqukx;kA blds lkFk gh dsUnz ljdkj dsvVkuhZ tujy thbZ] okguorh Hkh iz/k kue a=h euek sgu fl ag ls feys Fk s

ftudk s dksVZ us ulhgr nh fd ogljdkj dks Bhd ls dke djus dhlykg nsaA bu nksuk sa ?kVukvksa ds ckniz/kkuea=h eueksgu flag us jk"Vªifri z.ko eq[kthZ ls e qykdkr dh FkhAjk"Vªifr dks vxys fnu y[kuÅ tkukFkk tgka ckck lkgc Hkhejko vEcsMdjfo'ofo|ky; eas nh{kk ar lekjk sg gksjgk gSA jk"Vªifr us Hk h fnYyh ds?kVukØe ds pyrs gh 18 eb Z dk sdksydkrk tkus dk dk;ZØe jí djfn;k gSA blls ;g vuqeku yxk;ktkrk gS fd dsUnz ljdkj eas mBkiVdgksus okyh gSA

jsyea=h iou dqekj caly dks gVkusesa ghykgokyh djus okyh dsUnz ljdkjvc vius QSlys iji iqufoZpkj djus

24


dks etcwj gks jgh gSA jsyea=h ioucaly ds Hkk ats fot; flaxyk dks igysgh fxj¶r es fy;k tk pqdk gS] mudsdjhch vk Sj dfFkr fcpkSfy, vt;xxZ dks Hkh fnYyh dh ,d vnkyr esavkRe leiZ.k ds ckn fxj¶rkj djfy;k x;kA blh ?k wldk.M ds pkjvkjksfirksa foosd dqekj] /kesZUnz] jkgqy;kno vkSj lehj dks fnYyhh dh ,dvnkyr us 14 fnu dh fgjklr e saHk st fn;k gSA

jsyos cksMZ ds fuyafcr lnL; egs'kdqekj ij ;g Hkh vkjksi gSa fd mUgkasusdbZ dherh lkeku vius ?kj ls ckgjfNik fn; sA eacbZ ds ,d miuxjh;bykds esa Nkisekjh ds nkSjku lEifRrds nLrkost vkSj ghjs&lksus ds tsojHkh cjken fd;s x;s gSaA lhchvkbZ uscaly ds futh lfpo jkgqy Hk aMkjh lsHkh iwNrkaN dh gSA jkgqy Hk aMkjh vkSjfot; flaxyk ds chp VsyhQk su ijckrphr dks Hkh egRoiw.k Z ekuk tkjgk gSA bl fj'or dk.M dh tkap ls;g H k h irk pyk fd c aly dsukrs&fjrsnkj gh mid`r ugha gq, cfYdvf/kdkjh Hkh ekykeky gks x;s gSaAcaly ds futh lfpo dh lEifRr eas

gh yxHkx ikap xquk btkQk gqvk gSA/kkfeZd ,oa izf'k{k.k foHkkx dks nkf[kyfd;s x;s vpy lEifRr ds C;kSjk sa esaHk aMkjh ds ikl 2010 esa flQZ 28 yk[kdh lEifRr Fkh tks 2012 eas c<+dj 1-32 djksM+ gks x;h gSA

blh i zdkj dk s;yk vko aVu e aslhchvkbZ tkap fjiksVZ dks cnyokus easfof/k ea=h vf'ouh dqekj ds cpko dkHkh dk sbZ jkLrk ugha jg x;k gSA lqizhedk sVZ dh QVdkj ds ckn lhchvkbZfuns'kd jathr flUgk us dgk fd vtkap eas fdlh izdkj dh dk gLr{ksiugha gksxk ysfdu foi{k ds fy;s brukgh i;kZIr gS fd ljdkj us lhchvkbZdh tkap eas gLr{ksi D;ksa fd;k vkSjbl d`R; ds fy;s dkuwu e a=h dk sQkSju gVkuk gksxkA lqizhe dksVZ dhdM+h fVIif.k;ksa ds ckn Hkh vf'ouhdqekj dk s u gVkus ij Hkktik dsofj"B usrk ykyd`".k vkMok.kh dkQhukjkt fn[k jgs gSaA mUgkasus dgk gSfd ljdkj mlh rjg dk vkpj.kdj jgh gS tSlk vkikrdky ds nkSjkugk s jgk FkkA vkMok.kh us dgk fdvfu;ferrkvksa vkSj Hk z"Vkpkjl ds eqík saij jsyea=h vkSj dkuwueah ls bLrhQk

ekaxus dh foi{k dh ekax vkSj vnkyrdh vkykspuk ds ckn Hkh eaf=;ksa dksD;ksa ugha gVk;k x;kA

;g lp gS fd dsUnz ljdkj viusnksuk sa eaf=;ksa dk Hkjiwj cpko dj jghgS vkSj ;g ladsr Hkh fn;k fd u rkscaly gVk;s tk;saxs vkSj u vf'ouhdqekj ls bLrhQk fy;k tk,xk ysfdu9 ebZ dks 'kke tc dsUnzh; eaf=e.Mydh cSBd gqbZ rks mleas Jh caly dksugha cqyk;k x;k FkkA ml fnu Jhcaly vius dk;kZy; Hkh ugha x;s Fk sA

dkaxzsl izoDrk euh"k frokjh lQkbZnsrs gSa fd ^vDlj ,slk gksrk gS fdftl ea=h ds foHkkx ls lacaf/kr eqík,tsUMs eas ugha gksrk gS] og dSfcusV dhcSBd esa vk;s ;k u vk;s mUgkasus ;gHkh dgk fd dkuwu ds vuqlkj tgcrd nks"k lkfcr u gks rc rd vkifunksZ"k gSaA*

gkykafd blds ckn Hkh ;g dgktk jgk gS fd ljdkj bu nksuk sa easf=;ksadks gVkus ds ckjs eas vc lkspus yxhgSA ljdkj dk fgr Hkh blh esa gSAduk ZVd e as Hk ktik dh ijkt; lsdkaxzsl dks de ls de bruk lcd rksysuk gh pkfg,A

gj ek Sle e s a vk idh R ?opkf[kyh&f[kyh jgs] rks ,yksosjk lclsvPNk fodYi gks ldrk gSA fo'ks"kdjxfe Z;k sa esa rks ,yk so sjk jkeck.k dkdke djrk gSA

;g Ropk dk s e‚bLpj gh ugh adjrk] cfYd ekSleh çHkko ls Ropkdh lqj{kk Hkh djrk gSA lucuZ gks ;k'kq"d Ropk] lkjh leL;kvksa dks pqVfd;ksaesa nwj djrk gS ,yksosjkA

Dyhatj Hkh gS ,yksosjkD;k vki tkurh gSa fd ,yksosjk

fLdu Dyhatj dk Hkh dke djrk gSArHkh rks bldk bLrseky eqagklksa vkSjpsgjs ds nkx&/kCcksa dks nwj djus ds

Ropk dk[kwclwjr vankt,yksosjk ds lkFk

fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

jk stkuk ,ykso sjk dk ,d NksVk VqdM+kys vk Sj bls Fkk sM+ s ikuh e sa mckysaAblds ckn bls 'kgn ds lkFk feDlhesa ihlsaA bl xk<+s isLV dks eqagklksa ij15 feuV rd yxk, aA fQj nsf[k,bldk tknw!

[kk sus u nsa ueh;fn vkidh Ropk 'k q"d gS] rk s

,yksosjk ls vPNk vkSj D;k gks ldrk

gS vkids fy,A ;fn fuR; blds jldks psgjs ij yxk,a] rks Ropk dh uehcjdjkj jgsxhA lkFk gh blls fLduesa dlko Hkh vkrk gSA

>qfjZ;k a ugha lrk,axhrst /k wi dh otg ls psgj s ij

vle; >qfjZ;k a fn[kus yxrh gSaA exjvki bls jksd ldrh gSa] ,yksosjk tsyls psgjs dh ekfy'k djdsA

bldk jl Ropk esa dlko ykrkg SA ogh a blesa ek Stwn foVkfeu&lhvkSj bZ Ropk dks vanj ls iksf"kr djfu[kkj ykus dk dke djrs gSaA

T;knk nsj rd /k wi e sa jgus l slucuZ dh leL;k gksrh gSA [kkldjxfeZ;ksa esa ;g leL;k c<+ tkrh gSAblls fLdu ij dkykiu vk tkrkgSA

dHkh&dHkh rks Ropk esa tyu Hkhgksus yxrh gSA ,slk gksus ij ,yksosjktsy ls psgjs dh ekfy'k djuk vPNkjgrk gSA

25


[kkuiku

cstksM+ Lokn dk nwljkuke gS chdkusjh Hkqft;kchdkusj dk uke vkrs gh flQZ

vkSj flQZ Hk qft;k uedhu dh ;kn vktkrh gSA chdkusj Hk qft;k nqfu;kHkjesa Lokn vkSj viuh csgrjhu DokfyVhds fy, igpkuh tkrh gSA uedhu{ks= esa chdkusj Hk qft;k dk nwljk dksbZtksM+ ugha gSA ;gh otg gS fd ns'kfons'kesa Hk qft;k dh cnk Syr chdkusj dhviuh ,s fof'k"V igpku gSA

chdkusj Hk qft;k dh 'kq:vkrchdkusjh Hk qft;k dh tUeLFkyh

jktLFkku dk chdkusj 'kgj gh gSAchdkusj Hk qft;k dk bfrgkl dksbZ 125lky iqjkuk gSA fj;klrdky esa Hk qft;kcukus dk dke jktk egkjktkvksa omuds ifjokj ls okgokgh ywVus dsmn~ns'; ls 'kq: gqvk FkkA fj;klrdky ds ukeoj 'kkgh gyokgh ;kdkjhxj 'kkgh yksxk s a rd fur u;sidoku cuk dj viuk #rck c<+krsFk sA

mu fnuk s a dkjhxjk s a e sa Lokfn"BHkk stu cukdj jktnjckj rd igqapkusdh gksM+ eph jgrh Fkh fd fdldhjSflih dh T;knk rkjhQ gk srh gSAdgrs gSa fd blh gksM+ ds ,d dkjhxjHkh[kkjke vxzoky }kjk eghu Lokfn"Vlso o xkfB;k ds feJ.k ls cuh Hk qft;kds bZtkbZ gqbZA

Mwaxj'kkghxaxk'kkgh Hk qft;k czk aMHkkjr esa chdkusj ,d Lora= jkT;

gqvk djrk FkkA ;gka dh ckxMksj 'kkldds gkFk e sa Fk hA ml nk Sj e sa cuhHk qft;k dks Mwaxj'kkghxaxk'kkgh Hk qft;kds uke ls lack sf/kr fd;k tkrk FkkAyktokc Lokn ls Hkjiwj bl Hkqft;kesa vusd [kwfc;ka lekbZ gksrh Fkh aA ;gvR;ar eqjeqjh o eqyk;e gksrh Fkh tkseqag esa Mkyrs gh ?k qy tkrh FkhA bls

vf/kd nsj rd pckus dh t:jr ughagk srh FkhA

dkjhxjksa dk deku[kkus esa ytht chdkusjh Hk qft;k

cukus e sa dkjhxjk s a vk Sj Jfedk sa dk; k sxnku lcl s egRoi w.k Z g SA ;gdkjhxj vkx mxyrh HkfV~B;k s a ijmcky [kkrs rsy dh d<+kbZ esa viusgkFkk sa ok gFksfy;ksa dk bLrseky djrsgSaA okLro esa ftl Hkqft;k dk s ge cM+sets ls [kkrs g Sa mldh i`"BHk wfe e sadkjhxjksa dh esgur gksrh gSA 50&60fMxzh dh rirh xjeh esa Hkh buds gkFkviuk deky fn[kkus ls ugh a pwdrsfj;klrdky esa jktiqjk sfgr lekt dsyk sx gh Hk qft;k fuek Z.k djrs Fk sAvktknh ds ckn fofHkUu tkfr;ksa dsyksx Hkh Hk qft;k dkjhxj cu x,A

iuirk Hk qft;k m|ksx

vkt chdkusjh Hk qft;k y?kq m|ksxds :i esa cM+h n`<+rk ds lkFk fnunwuh jkr pkSxquh rjDdh dj jgh gSA'kgj ds Hkhrjh {k s= esa y?kq m|ksx dhlSdM+k sa bdkb;ka Hk qft;k fuekZ.k esa yxhgqbZ gSaA gj xyhegYys pkSds] lM+d

ij Hk qft;k dh nqdkusa lth fn[k tk,axhAmlh nqdku ds ihNs dkjhxj Hk qft;krS;kj djrs ns[k s tk ldrs gSA

yxHkx izkr% 5 cts izfrfnu Hkqft;kcukus dk dk;Z 'kgj ds ijdksVs e sapyrk gS rks Hk qft;k dh egd pkjksarjQ Lor% gh QSy tkrh gS vk Sjfdlh dks Kkr gks tkrk gS fd veqdLFkku ij Hk qft;k cu jgh gSA

v Urj k Z "V ª h; Lrj dh H k q f t; kQSfDVª;k a

vkbZ,lvks 9002 vksj ,p,,ih lsi zek.ki= i zk Ir varjk Z"Vªh; Lrj dhHk qft;k QSfDVª;ksa dk iw.k Zr;k vfLrRoesa vkuk ;gka ds m|fe;ksa dh ubZ lkspdks Hkh izekf.kr djrk gSA czkaM ̂ chdkth*chdkusj Hk qft;k muesa ls vfrfof'k"VgSA

vkt chdkth czk aM bruk yksdfiz;

26


gS fd bldh felky nh tkrh gSAnqfu;kHkj esa Hk qft;k ds iSdsV~l vkd"kZdiSfdax esa igqapkus Hkqft;k {k s= esa LFkkfiruke cuk pqdk gSA ^^chdkusjh Hk qft;kvxzoky danksbZ lekt dh nsu gSA iwjslekt dk /;s; ;gh gS fd chdkusjHk qft;k dh lk[k fujarj c<+rh jgsAgj m|eh ,d ls c<+dj ,d rjg dhHk qft;k cukus dk iz;kl djrk gSAlcds vius&vius xzkgd vkSj ekdsZfVax{k s= gSaA ,d gh nqdku ij fofHkUuczk aM dh Hk qft;k fey tk,axhA lkewfgdiz;kl ls chdkusjh Hk qft;k ns'knqfu;krd igqap jgh gSA

Lokfn"V Hk qft;k vkSj chdkusj,d tkudkj crkrs gSa fd dksydkrk

eas cls danksbZ lekt ds m|fe;ksa uschdkusjh Hk qft;k cukuh pkgh] os lw[kkelkyk chdkusj ls cukdj yk, vkSjHk qft;k cukbZ rks ;g oSlh ugha cuikbZA chdkusj ls ikuh rd Hkh dkjhxjksau s eaxok;k vk Sj fQj elkyk c sluxwaFkdj Hk qft;k cukb Z] exj mleas

chdkusjh Hk qft;k dk og Lokn vkSjegd vk gh ugha ldhA varr% chdkusjesa cuh Hk qft;k ykdj [kkus dh ijaijkpy iM+hA

,d H k qft;k m|eh ds vu ql kjnjvly chdkusjh Hk qft;k ds Lokn esaLFkkuh; tyok;q dk egRo gSA bl'kgj ls vU;= cuh Hk qft;k Hkjldiz;kl vkSj tru ds ckn Hkh Lokfn"Vugha gksrhA chdkusjh Hk qft;k dk Loknrk s rHkh vk ikrk gS tc ;gh a dsifjos'k] ifjfLFkfr vkSj 'kq)Hkkouk lsblh ljtehu ij Hk qft;k ns'kh vankte sa cusA ;gh otg gS fd chdkusjHk qft;k fuekZ.k dk x<+ cu pqdk gSA

izfrfnu 100 Vu Hkqft;k dh [kir125 o"k Z dk lQj iwjk dj pqdh

chdkusjh Hk qft;k dh fo'oHkj esa ekaxgSA bldk vanktk bl ckr ls yxk;ktk ldrk gS fd ;gka fofHkUu dkj[kukk savk Sj y?kq bdkb;ksa esa izfrfnu yxHkx100 Vu Hkqft;k curh gSA dkj[kkuksae sa rks vk/k qfud e'khuksa ls iSfdax gksrh

gS exj y?kq m|fe;ksa dh nqdkuksa esagkFk l s gh ik WyhFkhu dh FkSyh e saHk qft;k dks iSSd fd;k tkrk gSA

Hk qft;k ds yk[kk sa nhokuschdkusjh Hk qft;k vius cstksM+ Lokn

dh cnkSyr yk[kk sa djksM+k sa yksxk s a dksviuk nhokuk cuk pqdh gSA ekjokM+hlekt pkgs ns'k fons'k ds fdlh Hkhdksus esa D;ksa u jgrk gks] mlds Hkk studh Fkkyh esa chdkusjh Hk qft;k vko';gksxhA

chdkusjh Hk qft;k [kkus okyksa dhl a[;k cgqr T;knk gSA ,d e'kgwjgLrh ds vuqlkj Ldwy dk QLVZ jSadjvthe dgrk gSA ;fn eq>s jk sVh dslkFk Hk qft;k fey tk, rks [kkus dketk vk tkrk gSA lp crkrk gwaHk qft;k ls cM+s vkjke ls jksVh [kkldrk gwaA dbZ ckj lCth cuus esa nsjhgksrh gS rks lh/kk gkFk Hk qft;k ij ghtkrk gSA okdbZ chdkusjh Hk qft;k gSgh ,slh ,d ckj tks HkkbZ rks cl HkkxbZA

rduhd vc ftanxh ds gj eksM+ij fey tkrh gSA fQj pkgs og vkidkxkMZu gh D;ksa u gks! isM+&ikSèks yxkukvkSj vius xkMZu dks ltkuk&laokjukcgqr ls yksxksa dks ilan gSA

?kj ls ckgj jgus ij Hkh ;ghfpark jgrh gS fd dgha ikSèk s eqj>k utk,aA vc vkidh bl fpark dks nwjdjsaxs dqN xStsVA tjk dYiuk dhft,]tc ,d NksVk lk Mªksu vkids osthVscyQkeZ esa rSukr jgsxkA

dksbZ tkuoj tSls gh QkeZ esa ?kqlusdh dksf'k'k djsxk] Mªk su mls ogk a ls HkxknsxkA ?kj esa j[kk euhIykaV Hkh vceuekuh djrs gq, bèkj&mèkj ugha p<+ik,xkA ;gh ugha] nwj jgdj Hkh vkiikSèkksa esa ikuh Mkyus dk bartke djldsaxsA

njvly gkse&xkMZfuax dh ,dubZ nqfu;k vc vkids xkMZu esa nLrdnsus tk jgh gSA lsaV yqbZl esa jgus okysfcy Ogsyh dks gh yhft,A mUgsa xkMZfuax

vc xStsV gh djsxk vkids ikS/kksa dh j[kokyhdk csgn 'kkSd gSA

Nk sVs ls QkeZ esa os lfCt;ka Hkhmxkrs gSaA ysfdu VekVj dh vPNhiSnkokj u gksus ls os ijs'kku FksA ckn esa

mUgsa irk pyk fd Bhd ls i‚yhus'ku¼ijkx.k½ u gksus dh otg ls mitvPNh ugha gk s jgh gSA

ijkx.k esa eèkqefD[k;ksa dh Hkwfedkvge gksrh gSA ysfdu Ogsyh us bldsfy, rduhd dks pquk gSA ijkx.k dsfy, mUgksaus ^osth&ch* uked ,slk xStsV

cuk;k gS] tks i‚yhus'ku esa enn djrkgSA

Ogsyh ds eqrkfcd mudh osth&chdh fVªd dke dj xbZ vk Sj mudhD;kfj;ksa esa VekVjk sa ds mRiknu esa 38Qhlnh rd c<+k sÙkjh gqbZA cMs? iSekusij mRiknu djus esa ;g rduhd 'kk;nmruh dkjxj u gks] ysfdu xkMZfuax esarduhd ds bl u, :i dks ns[kukfnypLi gSA

blh rjg ,d vkSj xStsV ̂ fMftVyjsu xst* cjlkr dh ek=k ekius esaenn djrk gSA ;gh ugha [kkl rjg dsFkekZehVlZ ls baMksj vkSj vkmVMksj rkiekudk Hkh irk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA

;wfuoflZVh v‚Q foDVksfj;k] fczfV'kdksyafc;k ds bathfu;fjax Nk=ksa us dhM+k sadks nwj djus ds fy, 'xkMZu thukseMªksu' cuk;k gSA blds baÝkjsM lsallZ lstSls gh xkMZu esa fdlh ?kqliSfB;s dkirk pyrk gS] rks ;g xkMZu esa rsth lsmM+us yxrk gSA

27


lriqM+k dh jkuh iape<+h

i;ZVuckWyhoqM dh fQYek sa es a vdlj ghvkius cM+h Åaph lQsn pV~Vkuksa ds chp,dne lkQ ikuh dh unh ij uko esaxkuk xkrs ;k cnek'kksa dk ihNks djrsg q, dbZ fQYeh ghjk s dk s n s[kk gksxkAvkidks ;g ns[kdj ;g tkuus dh HkhbPNk gksxh fd ;g dkSu lh txg gSvksj dgk gSA vkb;s vkidks crkrs g SaA

;g txg ueZnk unh ij fLFkr HksM+k?kkV tgka lQsn laxejej dh pV~VkusgSaA bUgha ds vkxs fLFkr gS ,d >juktks dkQh pkSM+k gS vkSj ogka ikuh /kq,a

tSlk Hkze iSnk djrk gSA ;g nksuksa ghipe<+h uked fgy LV s'ku ds djhcfLFkr gSaA

e/;izn s' k d s g k s' k axko kn fty s e salriqM +k dh igkfM+;k s a ds xksn esa clkgfjr {k s= iape< +h fLFkr gSA ;g ,dfgy LV s'ku gS tgka taxy] igkM + vkSjrkykc gS tk s bls [kwclwjr cuku s gSaA;gka dh dbZ xqqQkvksa es a fHkfRrfp= Hkhfeyrs gSa ftudk iqjkrkfRod egRo gSAiape< +h dk ekSle ges'kk gh [kq'kxokjjgrk g S] y sfdu xfe Z;k s a e s a ;gk a dkekSle dkQh lqgkuk gksrk gS ftl dkj.klSykuh ;gka lSj djus vkrs gSaA iape<+hes a i SjkXykbfM ax cksfVax vk Sj QkWYl dketk fy;k tk ldrk g SA lk{; dsvu ql kj tuoj h 1861 e s a d SIVu ts-QkjlkeFk uke vaxzst vkfQlj us fy[kkFkk fd tcyiqj esa ujflagiqj ds jkLrse sa mls lqjebZ cknyk sa dh i`"BHk wfe esaMwcr s gq, lwjt dh ukj axh lajpuk dschp ls iape< +h dh rhu pk sfV;ks a vk Sjmlds ck;ha vk sj pk Sjkx< + dh pk Sdk sjpksVh fn[kkbZ ns jgh Fkh tks fo'kkydk;FkhA nf{k.k esa /kwix<+ f'k[kj utj vkjg k F k k A bl ck r dk mYy s[ k ^ngkbZysaM ~l vkQ lsaV ªy bafM;k* esa fd;kx;k gSA

/kkfe Zd ekU;rk,aipe<+h dh lcls cM+h [kkb Z gk aMh

[kksg dh xgjkbZ 300 QhV gS ftls va/kh [kksg Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;gka jsfyaxIysVQkeZ cus gq, gSa tgka ls iwjh ?kkVhdk lqanj utkjk fy;k tk ldrk gSA,slh ekU;rk gS fd egkHkkjrdkyhu esa

;qx ikaMoksa us vKkrokl ds nkSjku ;gkafLFkr xqQk esa viuk le; fcrk;k Fkkftls ik ap xqQkvk sa okys ikaMo xqQk dsu ke l s tku k tkr k g SA , sfrgk fldlk{; ds vuqlkj ekU;rk g S fd buxqQkvksa dks xqIrdkyhu 'kklu ds nkSjkuckS) fHk{k qvk sa us cuok;k FkkA bl xqQkds lehi 300 QhV xgrh rky gS ftlsvIljk fogkj ds uke ls tkuk tkrkg SA bl >ju s e sa l Syku h ug ku s dkvkuan mBkrs gSaA ;gk a fLFkr HksM+k ?kkVesa ,d NksVh&lh igkM+h ij xk Sjh'kadjeafnj g S ftl s pk SlB ;k sfx fu;k s a dkeafnj dgrs g Sa a bl eafnj esa l Sykuhnwj&nwj ls n'kZu djus vkrs gSaA ipe<+hdh lcls Åaph pksVh /kwex<+ esa fLFkr gSftlds ck;h a vksj pkSjkx<+ vk Sj egknsoigkfM+;ka fLFkr gSaA ;gka dh xqQkvksa dspV ~Vku Hkxoku f'ko dh tVkvksa tSlhvkd`fru qek g SA ftls tVk'k adj dgrsg SaA lSykuh bl xqQk esa f'kofyax dhiwtk djus vkrs gSa tgka ls ;kuh vfojycgrk jgrk g SA

>ju s vk Sj fidfud LikVvIljk fogkj ds dqN nwjh ij flYoj

Qky fLFkr g S tg k a l s yxHkx 350QhV ls ikuh uhps dh vksj fxjrk gSftls n s[ku k dkQh eu k sje g SA ;gfidfud LikV ds :i esa tkuk tkrkg SA blds vykok tequk izikr] Mps'kQky Hkh i;ZVdks a dks yqHkkrk gSA HksM +k?kkV esa igkM+k sa ds chp ls ueZnk unhdks cgr s ns[kuk cg qr ldwu n srk gSAbVkjlh&tcyiqj jsyos ykbu ij Hk sM +k?kkV jsyos LVs'ku gSa tgka ls ueZnk unh

lQsn laxejej dh pV~Vkuksa ds chp lsxqtjrh gSA nksuksa vksj lkS&lkS QqV lsHkh vf/kd Åaph laxejej dh nhokj s ag SaA blds ikl gh ,d >juk gS tgka lsikuh /kq,a ds leku fn[krk gSA njvlyrsth ls ikuh fxjus dh otg ls ;gÅij ls / k qvk a dh rjg fn[krk g SAvkiu s vdlj fQYek sa dh ghjk sbuk s dk s>jus ij dwndj tkr s vkSj xkuk xkrslquk gksxkA iqjkuh fQYe jktdqekj dkxkuk ^^vktk vkbZ cgkj** tk s lk/kukij fQYek;k x;k Fkk rFkk lsQ vyh[kku o v{k; dqekj ij fQYek;k x;kfQYe rw pksj eSa flikgh dk xjek xjexkuk tgk a ;g nksuk s a gokbZ LdVZ tk s?kkl dk gksrk gS] igu dj ukprs g Sa;gh a oj fQYek, x, FksA ?ku s taxyks als gksrs gq, vki tc jhNx<+ igqaprs gSaogk a rhu eqag okyh ,d xqqQk feyrhg SA LFk kuh; yk sxk s a ds vu ql kj ;gk adH kh j hN vk Sj n wlj s taxyh tkuojjgk djrs Fks] blfy, bldk uke jhNx<+iM+ x;kA tc dHkh bl xqQk esa izos'kdjus dh bPNk gks rks fdlh LFkkuh;yksxksa dh enn ysuk gh mfpr jgrk gSA

dSls ig qapk tk,avxj Vªsu ekxZ fififj;k LVs'ku mrj

dj VSDlh ;k cl ysuk gksxkA fiifj;kls yxHkx 52 fdyk sehVj dh n wjh ijipe<+h fLFkr gSA ok;q ekx Z vkus okysl Syk f u;k s a dk s H k k s i ky ; k tcyi qjmrjdj iape<+h vkuk gksxkA Hkksiky lslM+d ekx Z l s n wj h 210 fdyk se hVjv k S j tcyi qj l s bldh n wj h 220fdyk sehVj g SA

28


ekmaV vkcwjktLFkku dk ,d ek= fgy LVs'ku

ekmaV vkcw jktLFkku xqtjkr lhek ijij vjkoyh ioZr ds nf{k.k esa clk ,dcg qr g h [k wcl wjr i;ZVu LF ky g SAleqnzry ls bldh ÅapkbZ yxHkx 1200ehVj gSSA ;g tSu /keZ ds vuq;kf;;ksa dkizeq[k rhFkZ gksus ds lkFk&lkFk ,d lqanjlSjxkg Hkh gSA

iqjk.k dky ls gh ekmaV vkcw o.k Zu;gka ogka feyrk jgrk gSA bldk izkphuuke vcqZnkpy Fkk tks fdlh vcqZn ukenSR; ds fuokl LFky ds :i esa tkuktkrk FkkA dgrs gSa bl jk{kl us liZ:i ?kj dj unh cSy dh j{kk dh FkhAdkykarj esa ;gh uke cny dj vkcw gk sx; kA

vkjaHk esa ;gka ij xqtZjksa dk jkt Fkktks dbZ 'krkfCn;ksa rd pyk FkkA ckn esavtesj rFkk fnYyh ds ijekj jktkvk saus xqtZjksa ij Hkkjh fot; izkIr dh vkSjmUgsa nf{k.k iwoZ esa f[kldk fn;kA cknesa ;gha xqtZj izns'k xqtjkr cukA

ysfdu ijekj k s a u s vkcw ds ctk;fljksgh dks viuh jkt/kkuh cukuk csgrjle>k vkSj ogha ij fdyk vk Sj egycuok, FksA vkcw dks os crkSj xzh"edkyhujkt/kkuh mi;k sx djr s Fk sA

1857 dh yM+kbZ ds ckn vaxzstk sa usfljksgh ds rRdkyhu egkjktk ls bldks[kjhn dj bls ,d i;ZVd LFky ds:i esa fodflr fd;k FkkA

;gka ij iwoZ esa Hkkjrh; iqfyl lsokds izf'k{kkFkh Z viuh V ªsfuax iwjh dju svk;k djrs Fk s vkSj dbZ o"kksZa rd jk"Vªh;iqfyl vdkneh dk ;gk a ij dk;k Zy;vkSj izf'k{k.k dsUnz jgk FkkA vc ;gvdkneh g Snjkckn LFkkukarfjr dj nhxbZ gSAekmaV vkcw ds eq[; n'kZuh; LFky

uDdh ysd&uDdh ysd ekmaV vkcw ds i ze q[k

vkd"kZ.kk sa esa ls gSA ;g ,d df̀re >hyg SA i;ZVd ;gk a uk Sdk;u dk H kji wjvkuan mBk ldrs gSaA >yh ds ckspkschpcuk ,d Vkiw Hkh i;ZVdk s a dk s n wj lsvkdf"kZr djrk gSA bl Vkcw ij iSMyck sV d s tfj, ig a qpk tk ldrk g SAi;ZVd bl Vkiw ij Hkh dqN le; fcrkldrs g SA

vkse 'kkafr Hkou&lu~ 1983 esa ik aMo Hkou ds Bhd

lkeus cuok;k x;k LraHkjfgr yxHkx3&4 gtkj O;fDr;ksa dh {kerk okyk Å¡'kkafr Hkou jktLFkku dk izFke] Hkkjrdk rhljk o ,f'k;k dk ikapoka vf}rh;gkWy gSA ;gka i zfro"k Z Qjojh esa gk su so kyh lH kk e sa n s' k&fon s' k ds vusdH k kb Z&cgu viuh&viuh H kk " k kvk s a e s avk;k sftr leLr dk;ZØek s a dk vku anysrs gSaA

fnyokMk eafnj&11oha o 13oha 'krkCnh esa cuk, x,

fnyokM +k ds ;s eafnj mRd`"V dyk dscstksM+ uewus gSaA

;g k a iRF k j k s a ij dh xb Z ckj hduDdk'kh i;ZVdksa dks vk'p;Zpfdr djnsrh gSA ;s eafnj laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa viuhHkO;ork o dykRedrk ds fy, cgqr ghizfl) g SA

lulsV IokbaV&vkcw ioZr ds fudV lulsV IokbaV

,d euksje LFkku gSA ;gka i;ZVdksa dh[kklh HkhM+ yxh jgrh gSA

bl txg ls lw;k ZLr dk fog axen`'; cM+k gh vkd"kZd fn[kkbZ nsrk gSAlw;kZLr ds le; ;gka Nk;k Qk sVksxzkQhdk viuk vyx gh etk gSA

guhewu IokbaV&guhewu IokbaV lulsV IokbaV ls ek=

2 fdyksehVj nwj gSA ;gka dh pV~Vkuksads tksM +s ; wa fn[kkbZ n srs g S] ekuk s i zseh;qxy vkil esa vkfyaxc) gks] blfy,

bl LFky dks guhewu IokbaV ds uke lstkuk tkrk gSA

xq: f'k[kj&;g ekm aV v kc w l s yx H kx 15

fdyk ssehVj dh nwjh ij vjkoyh ioZrJ`a[kyk dk loksZPp f'k[kj gSA ;gka cuk

H k x o k u f ' k o d keafnj i;ZVdksa dks nwjls gh vkdf"kZr djrkg SA

vpyx<+&jk.kk dqEHkk }kjk

cl k ;k x; kvpyx< + cg qr, s f r g k fld eg R oj[krk gSA ;g ,d,sfrgkfld n'k Zuh;LFky gSA ;gka fLFkrfdy k ] vpy s' o jeg kn so d k l q an jeafnj o ekuflag dhlekf/k ns[kus yk;dg SA

xk a/ kh okfVdk&;g LFky ekmaV vkcw uxjikfydk

}kjk fidfud LFky ds :i esa fodflrfd;k x;k gSA ;gka ,d uko ?kkV Hkh gS];gk a i;ZVdksa oksfVax dk vkuan ys ldrsg SaA

Vk WM jkWd&VkWM jkd dh vkdf̀r es<+d tSlh gS]

blfy, ;g VkWM jkWd ds uke ls e'kgwjg SA i; ZVd bl s n s[kdj vpafH kr jgtkrs gSA ;gka vkSj Hkh dbZ pV~Vkus gSa]tks n'kZuh; gSA

lehiorhZ n'k Zuh; LFky&vkcw jksM ls yxHkx rhu fdyksehVj

nwj panzkorh uked ,d iqjkuk uxj g]tkga dHkh 900 eafnj vkSj }kj FksA vkcwjk sM ls 23 fdyksehVj n wj vackth dk,sfrgkfld eafnj Hkh ns[kus ;ksX; gSA vxjvki ekmaV vkcw vPNh rjg ls ns[kukpkgrs gSa rks blds fy, vkidks pkfg, fdvki fdlh vPNs lkbZfdy okys ls ,dlkbZfdy fdjk;s ij ys ysa vkSj lkbZfdyij cSB dj 'kgj dh xfy;ksa dk vkuUnywVsaA ysfdu vxj vkidks dksbZ [kjhnkjhdjuh gk s rk s fdlh fof'k"V oLrq dk s[knhnus dh u lkspsa D;ksafd ekmaV vkcw dkviuh fof'k"V dksbZ mRikn ugha gSA ;gkals eq[;r% jktLFkkuh oL=] ltkoVh oLrq,arFkk uedhu ,oa vpkj bR;kfn ys tk,tk ldrs gSaA

29


fQYe txr ds lcls çfrf"Brnknk lkgsc QkYds iqjLdkj ds bfrgklesa ,slk igyh ckj gqvk gS]tc fdlh dykdkj dk smlds ?kj tkdj lEekfurfd;k x;k gksA 'kqØokj dksrdjhcu 12-45 cts bliqjLdkj ds bfrgkl esa rc,d vkSj v/;k; tqM+ x;k]tc d s a æ h ; l wpu k oçlkj. k jkT;e a=h euh "kfrokjh us ofj"B vfHkusrkçk.k ds ikyh fgy fLFkr?kj igqapdj mUgsa lEekfurfd;kA LokLF; Bhd ughagk su s ds pyrs 93 o"kh Z;çk.k ubZ fnYyh esa 3 ebZdks vk;ksftr 60osa jk"Vªh;fQYe iqjLdkj lekjksg esaugha igqaps Fk sA

ftl ns'k esa xaxk cgrhgS] ^feyu] eèk qefr] ghjjk a> k ] d'e hj dh dyhlesr ntZuk s a fQYe k s a e s a[kyuk;d dh Hk wfedk esatku Qwad nsus okys çk.kdks iqjLdkj ds rgr ,d Lo.kZ dey]ç'kfLr i=] 10 yk[k #i;s udnvkSj ,d 'k‚y nh xbZA dqrkZ&ik;tkekigus çk.k Oghy ps;j ij FksA blnk Sjku muds c sVs l quhy vk Sj c sVhfiadh fldan Hkh ekStwn FksA çk.k ifjokjus ,d NksVh lh ikVhZ Hkh vk;ksftrdh Fkh] ftlesa euh"k frokjh us Hkhf'kjdr dhA

fiadh fldan us dgk] ljdkj dsdne dh baMLVªh ls tqM+s yksxksa vkSjikik ds nk sLrk sa us ljkguk dh gSAmUgksaus ;g Hkh crk;k fd muds firkçk.k dks tathj dk jhesd cukus ijdksbZ ,rjkt ugha gSA çd'k esgjk ds

çk.k ds ?kj igqapkQkYds lEeku

csVs vfer esgjk jhesd ij ckr djusds fy, çk.k ds ikl vk, FksA gkykafd]

mUgk s au s dqN dgk rk s ugh a] ysfdumUgksaus vkifÙk Hkh ugha trkbZA yrkeaxs'kdj ds eqrkfcd] nsj ls gh lghmUgsa lEekfur fd;k tkuk lgh QSlykgSA

euh"k frokjh us dgk fd mudkLokLF; Bhd ugha gSA blfy, muds?kj tkdj vo‚MZ nsuk gekjh ftEesnkjhFkhA

blh eghus 12 vç Sy dk s bliqjLdkj ds fy, çk.k ds uke dh?kk s"k.k k dh xbZ FkhA rc ls fQYefcjknjh vk Sj çk.k dks pkgus okysekax dj jgs Fk s fd muds LokLF; dseísutj mudks ?kj ij gh i qjL—r

fd;k tk,A mudh LokLF; lac aèk hleL;kvksa dk s ns[krs gq, LVkj vfHkusrkeukst dqekj us lcls igys ;g vihydh FkhA mudh vihy ij laKku ysrsg q, l jdkj u s m Ug s a ? k j tkdjlEekfur djus dk QSlyk fd;kA

Ng n'kd dk fQYeh dfj;jçk.k dk fQYeh dfj;j Ng n'kd

dk gSA bl nkSjku mUgksaus djhc 350fQYeksa esa vyx&vyx fdjnkj fuHkk,Aog , sl s igys vf Hku srk g Sa] ftUg saudkjkRed fdjnkj fuHkkus ds ckotwnghjks ds cjkcj gSfl;r feyhA

dgk tkrk g S fd c ‚yho qM d segkuk;d vferkHk cPpu ds dfj;jesa ehy dk iRFkj lkfcr gqbZ tathj esaçk.k us gh dke fnyk;k FkkA

euk st dqekj dh midkj ls ogpfj= fdjnkj dh vksj eqM+ x,A mufdjnkjksa esa Hkh mUgksaus deky dh NkiNksM+hA

fQYe

30


lat; xqIrk dh fQYe 'kwV vkmV ,VoMkyk dk uke lqurs gh 'kwVvkmV ,Vyk s[k aMokyk dh ;kn vk xbZA mldhdgkuh Hkh lat; us gh fy[kh FkhA ;gHkh x SaxLVj dh gh dgkuh g SA lat;xqIrk u s viuh T;knkrj fQYek s a dhdgkfu;ka fy[kh gSaA buesa nl dgkfu;ka]e qlkfQj] dkaV s] vkfr'k] jke'kL= vkSjIyku vkfn çeq[k g SaA ;gh ugh a mudhfQYeksa dk laxhr Hkh ppkZ esa jgrk gSA'kwVvkmV ,V oMkyk dk E;wftd cs'kd;knxkj u gks] ij /;ku t:j [khaprkgSA bl fQYe ds fy, vuq efyd lsysdj vkuan jkt vkuan] ehr cznlZ vkSjeqLrQk tkfgn us laxhr jpk gSA

'kwVvkmV ,V oMkyk ds E;wftd ,ycedh 'kq:vkr xhr vkyk js vkyk ls gqbZ gSAlksQh pkSèkjh ij fQYek, x, bl xhr dkslqfufèk pkSgku us iwjs mRlkg ls xk;k gSvkSj uhys'k feJ ds bu 'kCnksa esa ekndrk?kksy nh gS& ,d fnu ds fy,] ,d iyds fy, rsjh nqYgu cuw flQZ dy ds fy,]bartkjksa dk dkty yxk ywa b'd ds b=esa ugk yw tjk] vkx yxh gS èkqvka mBk gS--- fdlus esjh tku pqjk yh] fdlus ekjMkyk--- vkyk js vkyk---A fedk us lqfufèkdk lkFk nsdj xhr esa tku Mky nh gSA;g vc rd ds lqus vkyk js vkyk xhrksals vyx gSA exj ;g nqHkkZX; ls M‚u vkSjxSaxLVj ds 'tyos' dks js[kkafdr djrkgSA tks Hkh gks laxhrdkj vuq efyd dhdkQh lke; ckn èkekdsnkj okilh gqbZgSA mUgksaus bl xhr esa HkUukVsnkj E;wftdjpk gSA vkyk js vkyk dk jhfeDl otZu;qok Jksrkvksa dks ilan vk,xkA xkSjonklxqIrk vkSj jks'ku us deky dh jhfeaDlxdh gSA

vxyk x hr ccyh cnek' k fQYefjyht gksus ls igys pfpZr gk s pqdk gSAbl VªSd esa tgk a lqfufèk dh tks'khyhxkf;dh yqHkkrh gS] ogha vuq efyd usvLlh ds n'kd ds laxhr ds fetkt dksrktk fd;k gSA xhrdkj dqekj ds 'kCnksals ;g ,d 'kkunkj vkbVe u acj cuiM+k gS& yk yk yk--- vktek ys--- vktk rw lkeus vktek ys] fny inkZQk'k gSuh;r v¸;k'k g S] u cu rw 'kjhQ r w]ccyh cnek' k g S -- -A vu q dk laxhry;kRed gS vkSj tks'khyk Hkh exj dqN

'kwV vkmV esa gS vPNk laxhrdeh [kVdrh gSA bl xhr ds jhfeDldks lquk tk ldrk gSA vkbVe lkax dksjhfeDl D;ksa fd;k x;k gS] ;g vuq ghtku s -- -A

vxyk ySyk Hkh vkbVe lkax gS] ftls

fQYek;k rks luh fy;ksu ij x;k exjxk;k gS iq#"k xk;dksa us ;kuh fedk vkSjvku an jkt vku an u sA ;k s a vku an dklaxhr eLrh Hkjk gS exj lat; xqIrk---dh 'kCnjpuk dks Lrjh; ugha dg ldrsgSa& fny rsjk ys ysxh] tku rsjk ys ysxh]bZeku rsjk ys ysxh] vks ySyk rsjh---- vksySyk rsjh--- vks ySyk rsjh--- vks ySyk rsjhys ysxh] rw fy[k ds ys ys----A bl VªSddk jhfeDl otZu [kkl gS vkSj bldkJs; xkSjo nkl xqIrk vkSj jks'ku ckyw dkstkrk gSA

pkSFkk xhr ;s tquwu bl ,yce dhJs"B jpuk gSA bls ikfdLrkuh xk;deqLrQk tkfgn us xk;k g SA laxhr HkhmUgha dk jpk gSA ;g ,yce dk vdsykçse xhr gS] ftls lquuk lq[kn yxrk gSA;ksa dqekj ds cksy esa ,d xgjk vglklgS& eglwl [kqn dks rsjs fcuk eSaus dHkhfd;k ugha] rw D;k tkus yegk dksbZ] eSausdHkh ft;k ugh a] vc tks feys gSa rk s]f'kdos fxys u gks--- cl b'd gks--- clb'd gks--- vc tks gals gSa] rks vkalw dksbZu gks--- ;s tquwu esjk eq>s ys tk, dgka-

- - -A eqLrQk dh xkf;dh dk s gh ugh amuds rktxh Hkjs laxhr dk s Hkh ;qokJksrk ilan djsax sA bl VªSd dk s e;wjlkguh us jhfeDl djus dh t:jr ughaF khA

ik apok a ,s eu;k njvly] HkkbZfxjhxhr gSA ok|ksa dk dksbZ 'kksj 'kjkck ughaAvki rlYyh l s vnuku lkeh vk SjgjQuekSyk 'kku dh xkf;dh dk vkuanmBk ldrs g SaA ehr cznlZ okdbZ dqNvyx rjg dk laxhr jprs gSaA Jksrkmudk laxhr t:j ilan djsax sA ,d,slk laxhr tk s fny dh xgjkbZ rdtkrk eglwl gk srk gS& ,s eu;k] lqu uj s--- l wuh lwuh [kkyh jkrk s a dk s j axhucukrs pys] gj t[e dks ge rks èkq,a esamM+krs pys] V s<+h e s<+h lkjh jkrk sa dk sviuk cukrs pys] gj xe dks xys ls gerks yxkrs pys--- ,s eu;k lqu uk js----A

NBk xhr xksyh dbZ dykdkjk sa dhfeyh tqyh çLr qfr gSA ehr cznlZ dsl axhr funsZ'ku esa xhrdkj dqekj dhfy[kh 'kCnjpuk dk s l qn s'k Hkkslys dslkFk tku vczkge o vfuy diwj us Hkhxk;k gSA blds lkFk ehr cznlZ us Hkhekbd laHkkyk gSA bl xhr dks Fkhe lkaxdg ldrs gSaA bl VªSd esa fiLrkSy vkSjmldh xk syh dh efgek crkbZ xbZ gSAn wlj s vFkks a Z e sa dg sa rks ;g dqekj dkfg ald xhr g S& xk syh---xksyh---fiLrk Sydh ;g jkuh gS] Vªhxj dh nhokuh gS] pytk, rk s fudy s èk qvk a ] tk fdlh dhlqurh gS] ;s fu'kkuk pqurh gS] xksyh dhviuh g S ck syh--- xksyh rch;r dj ns<hyh vkSj iSaV djs xhyh----A bl xhrdk jhfeDl otZu e;wj lkguh us rS;kjfd;k gSA bls lquk tk ldrk gSA

vafre V ªSd ,d fnu ds fy, dk slqfufèk pkSgku us çLrqr fd;k gSA bj'kkndkfey ds fy[k s bl laf{kIr xhr dkslaxhr ls ltk;k gS vuq efyd us& ,dfnu ds fy,] bd iy ds fy, rsjh nqYgucu wa] flQZ dy ds fy,---A lqfufèk dhxkf;dh dk D;k dguk!

dqy feykdj 'kwVvkmV ,V oMkykds laxhr esa fofoèkrk gSA ;g LokHkkfodHkh gS] D;ksafd tc ,d fQYe esa rhu&pkjlaxhrdkj gksa] rks lcdk viuk vanktkfn[krk gSA

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l qç fl) u ` R; k axu k ,o a c ‚yho qMvfHkus=h bZ'kk ns;ksy dk dguk gS fd,d le; fQYe vkSj Vhoh esa ços'k ds

fy, lh<+h ds :i esa tkus okys jaxeapdh vk sj gh vc fQYe vkSj Vhoh dsLFkkfir flrkjs ykSV jgs gSaA bZ'kk dkdguk gS fd mUgsa 'kkL=h; laxhr vkSju `R; ls cpiu ls gh yxko gSA Nglky dh mez e sa mUgk s au s ehjkckbZ dhHk wfedk ds :i esa 'kkL=h; u`R; 'kSyhl s j axeap ij inkiZ. k fd;k vk Sj ;gflyflyk vc Hkh tkjh gSA fookg dsckn fQYeksa esa dke djuk can djus dsckj s e sa mudk dguk g S fd fookfgrthou ds nkf;Ro i wjk dju s ds fy,mUgk sau s fQygky ^czsd* fy;k gSA bllky twu esa muds fookg dks ,d o"kZi wjk gk sxkA

og dgrh gSa fd bl ,d lky esae S au s viu s ifr d s lkF k jgdj ;gçnf'k Zr dju s dk ç;kl fd;k g S fdfQYe LVkj gksus ds lkFk&lkFk eSa ,dvPNh x`fg.kh vkSj iRuh Hkh gwaA twu dsckn eSa ,d ckj fQj fQYek s a e sa dkedjuk 'k q: d:axhA or Ze ku e sa dk sb ZfQYe esj s ikl ugh a g S] ysfdu dbZvPNh ^fLØIV* ds eq>s v‚Qj fey jgsgSaA og dgrh gSa fd fQYe 'kk sys dkiqu: fuekZ.k l aHko ugh a gSA mudh ekagsekekfyuh us tks Hkwfedk 'kksys esa vnkdh gS] mldk dksb Z fodYi flus txresa ugha gks ldrk g SA jkexksiky 'kekZ

ek¡ tSlh fQYe djuk pkgrh gSa bZ'kkus ubZ 'kksys cukus dk ç;kl Hkh fd;k]tks vlQy lkfcr gqvk gSA clarh dkjk sy dksb Z ugha dj ldrk g SA

og bl ckr ls dkQh çlUu gSa fddbZ eapks a ij og viuh eka g sekekfyuhds lkFk çLrqfr ns pqdh gSaA bZ'kk dkeuuk g S fd u`R; ekuoh; mYykl dhuSlfxZd vfHkO;fä gS vkSj bls Hkkjrh;laL—fr ls nwj ugha fd;k tk ldrkg SA ble sa dk sb Z nk s j k; ugh a g S fdfQYeh Mkal blls gVdj gksrs g Sa vkSj, sl s Mk al mUgk s au s Hkh fd, g Sa] ysfdumudk #>ku Hkkjrh; laL—fr ds lkFk'kkL=h; u`R; laxhr ds çfr vfèkd gSA

og crkrh gSa fd fQYe ^jft;k lqYrku*esa tc mUgksaus viuh eka gsekekfyuh dslkFk cM+s insZ ij inkiZ.k fd;k rks mlle; og Ng lky dh FkhaA og pkgrhgSa fd eka dh Hkwfedk ds vuq:i og Hkh,d ckj ^jft;k lqYrku* tSlh fQYeesa dke djsaA bZ'kk dgrh gSa fd flustxr esa vius Hkkb;ksa vkSj ekrk&firkdh rjg og Hkh pkgrh gSa fd ,d ,slh^fLØIV* cus ftlesa mudk iwjk ifjokjcM+s insZ ij utj vk,A mYys[kuh; gSfd ^Vsy eh vks [kqnk* esa og viuh ekag sekekfyuh vkSj firk èke sZUæ ds lkFkdke dj pqdh gSaA

eerk dqyd.khZ us Mªx rLdj ls 'kknh dhuCcs ds n'kd esa g‚V vfHkusf=;ksa esa 'k qekj eerk dqyd.kh Z dkQh le; ls

[kcjksa ls nwj gSaA fQYeh if=dkvksa ds fy, V‚iysl doj 'k‚V nsdj ppkZ esavkbZ eerk dks foDdh xksLokeh uke ds ,d 'k[l ls I;kj gqvk tks baVjus'kuyMªx rLdj FkkA

1997 esa foDdh dks 11-5 Vu eSaMªsDl [dher 60 yk[k M‚yj] dh rLdjhds vkjksi esa fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k vkSj nqcbZ dh tsy esa can dj fn;k x;kA ,dv[ k c k j d seqrkfcd foDdhvc 52 lky dkgks pqdk gS ftls15 uoacj 2012dks nqcbZ tsy lsfjgk dj fn;kx;k F kk A t syvf/ kdk fj; k s a u smld s v PN sO;ogkj ds pyrsmldh me zd Sndh ltk de djnhA

gkykafd tsyesa jgus ds nkSjkufoDdh us bLyke dcwy fd;k vkSj eerk ls 'kknh dhA eerk ml oä foDdhdh xSjekStwnxh esa mldk fj;y ,LVsV dk fctusl ns[krh Fkh] ftlesa nqcbZ dk,d ukeh gksVy Hkh 'kkfey gSA

lw=ksa ds eqrkfcd foDdh eerk ds lkFk bl oä uSjk sch esa jgrk gSA nqcbZesa mezdSn ds rgr 25 lky dh ltk gksrh gSA ij dSnh ds vPNs O;ogkj dsvykok dqjku dh vk;rsa i<+uk ;k bLyke dcwy djuk Hkh 'kkfey gSA viuhn;k ;kfpdk ds nkos dks etcwr djus ds fy, foDdh us tsy esa jgrs gq,bLyke dcwy fd;k vkSj bLykfed jhfr fjokt ds rgr 'kknh dhA

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Magzine 15 may 2013

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Transcript of Magzine 15 may 2013