Kimia Farmaceutike I (Pjesa e Pergjithshme)

7/23/2019 Kimia Farmaceutike I (Pjesa e Pergjithshme)

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Jc ljg vkqy{krk x hgo`j`rwymnkw j yy{e myhlk shdmj`rnwwy{qsmnkw j fmyokj k jc whilkwk, dhqr{lk ~nklhw`jmsk, mrk whilkwk wvkrn{y* Okxjrk hr qyehw`wch gnk hr ohyych k whilkwhvk j{d qhyhxkwqymilkok, whilkwhw qyicj fmyokj fhyohbk{w`dk o w qygmyrnok*Qy fmyo{lò`j k whilkwr, r qhy`, g{nkw w dmjr`gkymnkw ecjgchf`s`dk k ljgr3 k je{yw hqm k ljew, qhrwhc ohgnr`h k eyòbhvk.qydhwr`rnw wykwrnoy`h, fmyoh dy`rwhlmyk, rndhllh k n`gyhwò`w,dhyhdwky`rw`dhw myehjmlkqw`dk kwc* Qyec`wnr`rnw, jc whilkw, dyhnhrljgr vkqy{krk, qyoihj kgnk kdr`q`kjw .nmll{kr, gks`jwkey{kr,l{iy`f`d{kr, l`gnr, kwc gnk ljg x jg`nomcj sikywnò`j gnkwykwckj k rhc j rwmohd k j smyy* Llmc` ` kdr`q`kjwvk k ljgvkjg`nork gnk yhqmyw` rhr`my okr wpyk gnk ljgr vkqy{krk .fmyo{lh


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Jg`dò` vkw`vk f`s`dm/dò`dk w ihy`w j fhskj fhyohbk{w`dk, fhyohdmd`jkw`dk k fhyohdmg`jho`dk9;

wkdjmlmec`dk ec`wnhrnw{ gm w vhykw jeh dhyhdwky`rw`dhw k ljgrvkqy{krk* G{dk rnfypws{hy wkdj`dh w vkhjwh w fmyo{lò`wfhyohbk{w`d rnw k o{jg{y w omg`f`dmnkw dmnh k siywnò`w qy wohyy kfkdw w rnqkcw, hqm kgnk kfkdw w vmj{hy* Vkrnck w vkhjwh

o{jg wh icj whilkwj ehrwymyks`rwkjwk, j ojpy x sikywnò` wjgmgn vkwo j g{mgkj jj vkqyò`j k dmoi`j{hy w kjsòhvk`jwkrw`jhlk gnk jgyprnòkvk w qN* J fmyohw fhyohbk{w`dk okqygmyò myhl f{wkj kgnk q`l{lhw k vkrn{yh ok rnkxky, mrk ok jcrnwykr w nmll llhd{ .ok jecpy hqm gpll`, ok xllò ohrdò`j kkyr r qhgrn`y{hy* J 81/vckhy`j k f{jg`w, vkrnckw j fmyo f`lo` wnmll qm svkjgrmcj rnkxky`j gnk jecpy{kr`w* Jgyprnk jeh whilkwhw,dhqr{lhw qyinkj jeh jc oirnwckllck ~nklhw`jk x oipll jiykjgr` ljgj vkqy{krk j fmyo ql{n{y` hqm eyhj{lkrn* Qykcdhqr{lhvk o w qynhq{yh chj dhqr{lhw ~nklhw`jmsk klhrw`dk mrk wfmywh, dhqr{lhw qy w{ qywpq{y gnk hwm qy qygmyò ykdwhl*

Yy{e kjwkyhlk

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W wckyh fmyoh fhyohbk{w`dk qy qygmyò kjwkyhl chj r{qmrwkw x

qyoihcj jc kdr`q`kjw, ` b`l` rndy`j j wkoqkyhw{ykj k wy{q`w, r` echlqdhdhm mrk qml`kw`lkjel`dml .Bhyimuh~* G{dk { qygmy{y vkwo jyy{e ykdwhlk .j hj{r, qy hyrpk w vhrd{lhy`sò`w w ohgn w smyyrr wyhrn, vkqyò` ` wpyk rnw o ` rnqkcw rkrh ` whilkwhvk* Qy owkqy, qygmyò` ` r{qmrwkvk ojchjmj vkqyò`j okwhiml`d wr`rwko`w wykwr*


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qhdwkj gky` rh w qhyhx`wkj w gnjh w gmd{okjw{hyh kgnk qyi`mkd{`vhlkjbj, w b`lhw c{rw`f`dmcj svkjgrò`j*

D{y fmyo{lò` fhyohbk{w`d ` jc ljgk vkqy{krk yks{lwmj cm kf`dhr,

omg`f`dòk w vmelh dò`dk, r` fmyoò` ` gky`vhwkvk i`mykvkyrìlk.gky`vhwk x `j v`vm dwnknkj wkd omlkd{lh f`llkrwhyk3 krwkyk, ho`gk,qkqw`gk o{jg w qyo`yrmc vkw`w f`s`dm/dò`dk .l`qmf`l`wkw`j, qDh,qmlhy`wkw`j gnk mqwò`smc oihyvhcwckj k g`rml{b`mj`w j ljeckwi`mlmec`dk gnk wyhjrqmyw`j qyokr okoiyhjhvk i`mlmec`dk, xmfw gnkhwpyk o qky`fky`dk* J f{jg w f{jg`w, xllò` f`jhl ` omg`f`dò`w jfmyo{lò, hqm j rwy{dw{ykj dò`dk, g{nkw w ckw qyo`yrò` `gkqywò`w w ihy`w j myehj`sko*

Fhsh fhyohdmd`jkw`dk

Dcm fhs dh w ic ok kb{y`j k ihy`w j myehj`sko gnk qyfrn`jfkjmokjkw x jgmgn`j ok omlkd{lkj k ihy`w qhr ohyyckr, g{dk f`ll{hyjeh vjg` .`jg` ` hgo`j`rwyò`w wkd vjg` ` vkqyò`w, r` gnk hwmfkjmokjk x rè{ymcj rnqyjghyckj gnk-mrk chrnwx`wckj k w`c qhrhyy`wckr r kfkdw`w w grn`y{hy* J rn{o`bkj k yhrwkvk, vjg` `hgo`j`rwyò`w gnk vjg` ` vkqyò`w w ihy`w chj w vk{hy, r` jehdjgvrnwyò` ` lhyer`r qmy gnk h` dmnmy* Fkjmokjkw x jgmgn`jj fhskj fhyohdmd`jkw`dk, r`qhr jc ykjg` dymjmlmec`d, chj hirmyiò`.qywn`wnch, rnqyjghych, okwhiml`so` gnk chrnwx`wch gnk, r`d{yrk {qyokjg o lhyw, jg`dmnkj jeh fhsh qhyhykjgrk fhyohbk{w`dk* Jeh

hjh wckwy, vkw mickdw`v` ` drhc fhsk x rpjmj dmjwymll`j ki`mg`rqmjì`l`wkw`w, rnw ` vhy{y jeh vkw` w bhdw{hyh dò`dk/f`s`dk womlkd{lr r ihy`w* Ojpyh k sec`gnckr r dw`c mickdw`v` jg`dmj jfhskj fhyohdmg`jho`dk, qyh wywnmyhs` jg`dmj j vkqyò`j i`mlmec`dw ihy`w*

Qymbkrkw k qywn`wnckr r ihy`w qyokr okoiyhjhvk gnk rkdr`mjkvkw jgyprnok i`mlmec`dk vhykj j ojpy w dmjr`gky{krnok jehvkw`w f`s`dk w omlkd{lr okg`dhokjwmsk .fmyoh k cmj`s{hy hqm k qhcmj`s{hy, wykwrnoy`h gnk dmkf`b`kjw` ` jghyckr, ohgnr`h k qkrnhomlkd{lhyk gnk o{jg w ykhl`smnkj ok hj w g`f{s`mj`w qhr`v mrk

ok okdhj`soh w wcky o w dmoql`d{hy w wyhjrqmyw`w f`s`mlmec`d.rn`n wyhjrqmyw`j k ihyjhvk*

Ok qychrnwò w ihyjhvk w gkrw`j{hyh qy vkqyò lmdhl3 j ld{y,o{dmsh, hqm j wyhdw`j ehrwym`jwkrw`jhl, w wckyhw, qhr qywn`wnckrqyokr okoiyhjhvk k rkdr`mjkvk w qhyh i`mlmec`dk, g{nkw w dhlmcjjeh ockg`r` l`q`g`d ` okoiyhjhvk xkl`smyk mrk ockg`r` ` iykjgrno


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Jg`dò` vkw`vk f`s`dm/dò`dk w ihy`w j fhskj fhyohbk{w`dk, fhyohdmd`jkw`dk k fhyohdmg`jho`dk9>

{cmy ` xkl`shvk d{ qywn`wnkj, qy j ockg`r`j {cmy w echd{wxhyd{ll{kr* Yyckgnh xhyd{ll{krk rè{ymj rnqyjghyckj k ihy`w jiykjgr` w rkdr`mjkvk w jgyprnok i`mlmec`dk, gky` wkd vjg` `vkqyò`w* J qyiyck w qlhsor r echd{w xhyd{ll{kr jgmgnkj kgnk

qymwk`jhw qlhsohw`dk .hli{o`jhw k elmi{l`jhw, w b`lhw chj j ecjgckw l`gn`j omlkd{lh w jgyprnok okg`dhokjwmsk .vkhjy`rnwhli{o`jhw, g{dk qho{jgr{hy qydmnr`rnw vkqyò`j k wpykfhyohdmlmec`d* Jgyrh, ok hj w xhyd{llò`w lòfhw`d rnqyjghnkjg`rh ihyjh rn{o w wykwrnok j pjgpyjh, w b`lhw o{jg w jgckd`jyy{ekj x qyrndmcj kgnk pjgpyjhw {rnxòmyk3 qhr qywn`wnckr jehwyhdw` `jwkrw`jhl, hwm inkj qckr k o`bklhvk w qys`kyh, dhlmcj jehxkl`shw o{dmshlk j dhjhlkw lòfhw`dk w qhykw`w `jwkrw`jhl gnk o jf{jg, qyokr dhjhl`w wmyhdhl, npcj j xhyd{llò`j vkjms*

Qymbkr` ` rnqyjghyckr r ihy`w j myehj`sko, qmy kgnk j iykjgr`

w rkdr`mjkvk w jgyprnok w w`c, rè{ymnkw jeh xhyd{llò` nkohw`dgnk j ohr w vmekl jeh xhyd{llò` lòfhw`d* Ok w npy jxhyd{llò`j r`rwko`d, omlkd{lh k ihy`w o{jg w`{ jjrnwymnkw g`rh

fkjmokjkvk* Hcm o{jg w oikwkw k l`y j wykwr`y .g`rh ihyjh, qmyrn{o ihyjh w wckyh o{jg w l`gnkj ok qymwk`jhw qlhsohw`dk,shdmj`rnw hli{o`jhw k rky{o`w, g{dk dy`c{hy jc kd{`lìky w y` okrfmyokr r l`gn{y gnk hrhc w l`y w ihy`w*

J vhywr` w dmjrwhjwkr r kd{`lìy`w, ihy` o{jg w oikwkw jxhyd{llò`j r`rwko`d ` l`gn{y ok hli{o`jhw qy jc qky`{gn dmnmykw dmjr`gky{krnok, qh `{ jjrnwy{hy fkjmokjkvk w wckyh, rì`mwyhjrfmyoò`w, jgyvkqyò`w ok ykbkqwmyw fhyohdmlmec`d, hqmchrnwx`wckr*

Fkjmokj` ` l`gnckr ok qymwk`jhw o{jg w dkw jc kfkdw wdmjr`gky{krno j wykwrnoy`j kfkdw`vk w ihy`w, rnqyjghyckji`mlmec`dk, ecprockwj j myehj`sko gnk jgyvkqyò`j ok ihyjh wwcky* Jc ihy ok wykwrnoy` ochfw w dkxk j {c, hx rh jmyohl`rnw j{d

hyy`j hr qyxjgyòkw wkyhqk{w`dk w fmyor r l`y vkqy{krk, jykhl`wkw o{jg w ckw jc heckjw rn{o kfkdw`v* J dw yhrw, dmoqlkdrìhy/hli{o`j vkqymj r` jc ykskyv{hy, g{dk rè{y{hy qyxjgyòk hxw lhywh w ihy`w w l`y rh w rndhdwmcj jc qkyecèck i`mlmec`dk wkdykbkqwmy`*


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L`gnch ok qymwk`jhw ec`wnhrnw{ o{jg w d{f`smc npyckj k ihy`w jrkdr`mjk w bhdw{hyh w myehj`so`w* Qlhbkjwh rnw k hfw w illmdmcdhlò`j k qymwk`jhvk jeh xhyd{llò` hojmy wkd xhyd{llò` ` fkw{r`w*Drnw{, ihyjhw x jmyohl`rnw o{jg wh dhlmj`j ihyy`kyj qlhbkjwhlk

gnk jgmrnwh wh gowmj`j fkw{r`j, oikwkj j xhyd{llò`j r`rwko`dhojmy, qy hx dmn rh chj w l`gn{yh ok qymwk`jhw qlhsohw`dk*

Qm drnw{, l`gnch ok qymwk`jhw o{jg w sechw kgnk dmnkj k vkqyò`ww ihy`w* Dmoqlkdr` ihy/qymwk`j yks{lwmj w ckw rn{o ` ohgn qy wdhl{hy qyokr okoiyhjhvk elmoky{lhyk w vkrndhvk, g{dkqhyhjghl{hy drnw{ chrnwx`wckj k rnqkcw w ihy`w* L`gnch okqymwk`jhw d{f`smj rhr`j k ihy`w w ehwrno qy i`mwyhjrfmyoò gnkqy jgkyvkqyò ok ykec`mjkw rqkb`f`dk w ykbkqwmy`w* Q*rn*, ihy`wy`qhjmb`g r{yho`j, jc omlkd{l k ohgnk gnk qmlhyk, oikwkw jmyehj`sko k l`gn{y ok qymwk`jhw qy ehw` 2 o{hc .w8-9 ? ;1 g`w* Gmsh

oihcwrk qy dw ihy ihsmnkw j gnjckj chvmyk w w`c* F`llò`rnw, dcmo{jg w g{dkw r` jc qyf`wò qy qhb`kjw`j, qmy, jrk qhb`kjw` dhkfkdwk hjrmyk w qhgrn`y{krnok rky`msk, hwnkyk gm w g{nkw rn{odmn qyqhyh rk qyxjgyò` ` ihy`w w icky jj j`vklkw wmdr`dk*

Fkjmokj` ` l`gnckr r ihy`w ok qymwk`jhw qlhsohw`dk o{jg w mc jg`rh jgyvkqyòk `jwkykrhjwk ihy/ihy, x rnfhxkj d{y jc ihysnvkjgmr jc wckwy qykc ykec`mj`w l`gnr w hli{o`jr* Jc j{okyihyjhrn o{jg w snvkjgmr`j vhyfhy`jkj hjw`dmhe{lhjwk qykcykec`mjkvk l`gnrk w rhc ok hli{o`jkj* Dcm ghlck k l`y k vhyfhy`jr gmw yy`w qyxjgyò`j kfkdw`v w rhc wkd ykbkqwmy`, g{dk {hy j yy`wck

w dmnr r qymwymoi`jr .sechwck w dmnr r fmyoò`w w dmhe{lhvk,dh qyij jc yyks`d qmwkjb`hl qy nkomyhec`*

Jc fkjmokj wckwy x o{jg w jgmgn ok omlkd{lkj k ihy`w, qhrf{wckr j myehj`sko, rnw kgnk gkqms`wò` j `jgk w bhdw{hyh* O rrnqkrnw`, r` gkqms`w `jgmyk o{jg w rnkyikc `jg` gnchomy, xqyij 91;1+ w ohrr wy{qmyk* Rh o l`qmf`lk w ckw omlkd{lh kihy`w, hx o lknw hcm qyxjgymnkw j dwm gkqms`wh, w ojchj{hyhjeh vkqyò` fhyohdmlmec`d* Q*rn*, w`mqkjwhl`, jc ihyi`w{yhw l`qmf`l okvkqyò rn{o w rnd{ywy, qhr `jckdwò`w l`gnkw rn{o ok qymwk`jhwqlhsohw`dk .oi` >1+ k rhr`r gnk rnqyjghnkw k gkqms`wmnkw jqypjgpyjhw wy{qmyk* O wkc ihy` rnqynhqkw qyry` jehghl qykcgkqms`whvk pjgpymyk qy j xhyd{llò`j r`rwko`d, g{dk dy`c{hywhrno qyxjgyòk rn{o w vmelh, w qhochfw{krnok qy jcqyecèck i`mlmec`dk* Drnw{, vkwo w`mqkjwhl` ` gnj f`llò`rnw, ` qhl`gn{y hdmoh ok qymwk`jhw, o{jg w dy`cmc qyxjgyòk wochfw{krnok qy w `j`b{hy vkqyò`j fhyohdmlmec`d .hjkrwks`d w


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Rw{gò` ` ojpyr r i`mwyhjrfmyoò`w rnw dkydkr qy w ec`wnhqymg{dwkw k ykch* Okec`wnrk shdmj`rnw i`mwyhjrfmyoò` mj gykcwyjckr mrk n{oickr r vkqyò`w fhyohdmlmec`d gnk nklo{krnoy`r romlkd{lr i`mhdw`vk, chj w o{jg{yh kgnk yhrwkw k hjhrckllwh, d{yomlkd{lh f`llkrwhyk qh vkqyò i`mwyhjrfmyomnkw j jc ljgfhyohdmlmec`d`rnw vkqy{krk .rn`n qym/okg`dhokjwkw mrk j jcjgyockwr ochfw ykhdw`v* Dwh okwhiml`w w ihy` o{jg w ckjmy`kjw{kr j dkydòkw k owkcrnok qy qymg{dwk w ykch qmwkjb`hl`rnw

hdw`vk* @l{rwyò ` yhrw`w d{y omlkd{lh f`llkrwhyk cmvkqy{krkrnjgyymnkw j jc okwhiml`w hdw`v rnw ihy` hjw``jflhohwmycmrwkym`ghl r{l`jghd, x ykg{dwmnkw j okwhiml`w`j vkqy{kr r{lf`g`d,Fè{yh9*9*

Fè{yh 9*9* I`mwyhjrfmyoò`` r{l`jghd{w

.qymokg`dhokjw) jfmyokj vkqy{krk

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R{l`jghd

J ojpy w jechrnok, ò{jmgkqykrmy` hshw`mqy`j jghnkw, g{dk {ykg{dw{hy `j v`vm, j hjwòkwhiml`w`j q{y`j`d vkqy{kr 6/okydhqwmq{y`j, jgydmn x hjwòkwhiml`ww q{y`j`d k q`yò`g`j`dok vkqyò hjw`v`yhl dmjc{emnkj ok oikwck fmrfhw g{dk fmyo{hyj{dlkmw`g`j qdhwr vkqy{kr .q*rn*, hb`dlmv`y` i`mwyhjrfmy/omnkw `jv`vm j hb`dlmv`y wy`fmrfhw, Fè{yh 9*2*

Rnqkrn o{jg w jgmgn x r` ihy` f`llkrwhy hrnw{ kgnk okwhiml`w` wckj vkqy{kr, dh dh {hy j f{wckj j xhyd{llò w gp qymg{dwkvk*Drnw{, yykwn 5;+ gky` >1+ k fkjhbkw`jr .whrno k nkx{y jehxhyd{llò` wyhjrfmyomnkw j qhyhbkwhoml4 j rky`j khjw`gkqykr`vvk wy`b`dl`d .rn`n hjw`gkqykr`vw ò`qyho`jh gnkho`wy`qw`l`jh J/gkokw`lmnkj, qydhwr`rnw, j gkr`qyho`j k


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jmywy`qw`l`j gnk w dhwky dmoqmjòkw xhyd{llmcj j wyke{jfhyohbk{w`d .Fè{yh 9*2*

Okec`wnrk okwhiml`so` ` ihy`w o{jg w ckw jc i{yò dmdhyck qy

dò`rww fhyohbk{w`d, fhyohb`rww k ockdw gnk o{jg w mc jqymilkok w vrnw`yh k w dmoql`d{hyh ok qhb`kjw`j, qyhqrkqyhqrnw ` o`yqy`w{y fhdw` x myehj`so` dh hfwr`j w okwhimlmcomlkd{lhw k n{hch .drkjmi`mw`dw* Jrk j{d gm w jgmgnwk drnw{,dwm ljg gm w oikwkrn`j j wy{q ok v`wk, r` jgmgn ok g`rhdò`dhwk l`qmf`lk jgmwrk w ockg`r`w, g{dk qyfrn`y gnk `jrkdw`b`g`j kjcmn{y ohr`v`rnw GGW* Qhr f{wckr j myehj`sko, dwm dò`dhwk oikwkjgnk qyxjgymnkj j `jgk w bhdw{hyh wy{qmyk, qynhqkj jehghlqykc dwpyk gkqms`whvk gnk o{jg w inkj rndhd ` gowò`w dymj`d w`jg`v`g`w qy g`rh vckw* Hwm o{jg w ecjgkj kgnk j `jgkw k dhfrnvkx wykewmnkj r` {rnxò, jrk dhfrnw chj wnky{y qyqhyh rk dò`dhwkw

w ckj rnqlhy jeh myehj`so` wpyk*

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ihyjhvk d{ okwhiml`ww

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Chrnwx`wch k ihy`w hqm okwhiml`wvk w w`c, x jmyohl`rnw g{nkw wjgmgn qhr ykhl`sò`w w kfkdw`w fhyohdmlmec`d .qyh, qhr fhsr


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j{oy`j k mickdw`vhvk/ykbkqwmy j myehj`sko, d{qwmnkw rk ohgnr`h kkfkdw`w fhyohdmlmec`d gm w vhykw jeh gmsh k ihy`w, qyh rhr`h komlkd{lhvk vkqy{krk x hyy`cj wkd ykbkqwmy`* G{dk vhsng{hy ok wjccwj l`jc hyrpkwò`, dp kfkdw gm w ckw ohdròhl d{y w ec`wn

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Wykwrnoy`h gnk vkqyò` i`mlmec`d2>

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Wykwrnoy`h gnk vkqyò` i`mlmec`d20

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Jc fkjmokj dykcw ` d{jgyw jgmgn d{y ockg`r` inkw o hb`g rkrhvlkyh k qDh r ihy`w* Yy`wch k qyxjgyò`w w cmjkvk n`gymeckj .{lch kqN gm wh vkjgmr kd{`lìy`j ohcwhr, qyh gm w yy`w qyxjgyò`j k

hb`g`w gnk svmelmc qxjgyò`j k ihsr r dmjc{e{hy* J yhrw`j k`jgmokwhb`jr, svmelò` ` qN ok 8 jcr` qmrnw vlkyr r qDh gm wyy`w qyxjgyò`j k `jgmokwhb`jr r qh/cmj`s{hy .qymwmj`s{hy,vkwo 0*8+ k rhc gm w ecjgkw j fmyokj cmj`dk* J ojpy wjechrnok, {lch k qN ok 9 jcr` ij x vkwo 1*00+ k `jgmokwhb`jrw ecjgkw j fmyokj cmj`dk w ihsr r dmjc{e{hy* K d{jgywh jgmgnok hb`gkw k w`q`w IN$* Qyx`jgch k kfkgy`jr r qyhj`rnok r` hb`g `cmj`s{hy .fmyoh k qymwmj`s{hy j qN 8 jcr` qmrnw qDh rnw 01*0+gnk j qN 9 jcr` qmrnw qDh rnw 00+* Dwm yks{lwhwk ckqkj jWhiklkj 9*9*

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ihshvk

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NH/hb`gkw IN$/hb`gkw gnk ihshw .I)

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BN

JN2

NM

J

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MB

BN2

BN2

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J yhrw`j k `jckdr`mjkvk w fkj`wm`jr .hb`g ` w`q`w NH4 qDh ? >*2, qy whdhl{hy j fmyokj qlmwr`rnw w cmj`s{hy gnk ohdròhl`rnw w wykwrnok

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Rwy{dw{yh klkdwymj`dk gnk kfkdwkw k rhc j vkqyò`j k ihy`w61

Fkj`wm`j rmg`dk

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L`gnch dò`dk gnk vkqyò` i`mlmec`d67

vhyeckw k n`gymdhyi{ykvk v`cj j jc hfyr` w ochfw{krnok, okr wpykf`llmcj w vkqymcj kgnk fmybhw vhj gky Uhhlr*

Fè{yh 9*82* Qhyhx`wck

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L`gnch dò`dk gnk vkqyò` i`mlmec`d6;

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Kimia Farmaceutike I (Pjesa e Pergjithshme)

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Transcript of Kimia Farmaceutike I (Pjesa e Pergjithshme)