AYDIN VALL L EVRE VE ORMAN MDRL

AYDIN EVRE DURUM RAPORU

AYDIN 2010

1

T.C. AYDIN VALL L EVRE VE ORMAN MDRL

AYDIN L EVRE DURUM RAPORU

AYDIN 2010

2

ULUSAL EVRE ANDI imdiki ve gelecek kuaklarn temiz ve salkl bir evrede yaama hakkna sahip olduu gereinden hareketle, evreye duyarl bir kalknmadan yana olduumu vurgulayarak; doal kaynaklarn, ekonomik kalknmann hem kaynan hem snrn oluturduunu bilerek, evrenin korunmas ve gelitirilmesinden, bireysel katk ve katlmn gereine ve nemine inanarak; evresel deerlere sahip kp zarar verenleri uyaracama, doal kaynaklardan faydalanrken tutumlu davranacama, srdrlebilir kalknma ilkeleri dorultusunda hareket edeceime, bu ynde ibirlii ve dayanma anlay ierisinde hareket ederek, evre konusunda herkese rnek olacama sz veririm.

2010 YILI AYDIN L EVRE DURUM RAPORU Hazrlayanlar M.Ali ARSLAN ..ED ve Planlama ube Mdr Kadir KILI........Uzman Bu raporun hazrlanmasnda katkda bulunan tm Kurum/Kurululara teekkr ederiz. Aydn l evre ve Orman Mdrl-2011

3

NDEKLER(A). CORAF KAPSAM .................................................................................................................................................... 12 A.1. GR .............................................................................................................................................................................. 12 A.2. L VE LE SINIRLARI ........................................................................................................................................................... 14 A.3. LN CORAF DURUMU ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 A.4. LN TOPOGRAFYASI VE JEOMORFOLOJK DURUMU.................................................................................................................. 15 A.5. JEOLOJK YAPI VE STRATGRAF ............................................................................................................................................ 17 A.5.1. Metamorfizma ve Magmatizma ..................................................................................................................... 20 A.5.2. Tektonik ve Paleocorafya .............................................................................................................................. 21 (B). DOAL KAYNAKLAR ................................................................................................................................................. 22 B.1. ENERJ KAYNAKLARI ........................................................................................................................................................... 22 B.1.1. GNE......................................................................................................................................................................... 22 Kaynak : DM 2010 .......................................................................................................................................................... 22 B.1.2. Su Gc ........................................................................................................................................................... 22 B.1.3. Kmr.............................................................................................................................................................. 23 B.1.4. Doal Gaz ........................................................................................................................................................ 24 B.1.5. Rzgar ............................................................................................................................................................. 24 B.1.6. Biyomas (Biyogaz, Odun, Tezek) ..................................................................................................................... 24 B.1.7. Petrol ............................................................................................................................................................... 25 B.1.8. Jeotermal Sahalar ................................................................................................................................................. 25 B.2. FLORA VE FAUNA ............................................................................................................................................................ 25 B.2.1. Ormanlar............................................................................................................................................................... 25 B.2.2. ayr ve Mera ........................................................................................................................................................ 25 B.2.3. Sulak Alanlar ......................................................................................................................................................... 25 B.2.4. Endemik Bitkiler .................................................................................................................................................... 26 B.2.5. Fauna ve Endemik Hayvanlar............................................................................................................................... 27 B.2.6. Milli Parklar, Tabiat Parklar, Tabiat Ant ve Tabiat Koruma Alanlar ........................................................... 28 B.3. TOPRAK .......................................................................................................................................................................... 28 B.4. SU KAYNAKLARI ........................................................................................................................................................... 30 B.4.1. me Suyu Kaynaklar ve Barajlar .................................................................................................................... 30 B.4.2. Yeralt Su Kaynaklar ....................................................................................................................................... 33 B.4.3. Akarsular ......................................................................................................................................................... 33 B.4.4. Gller ve Gletler ............................................................................................................................................ 34 B.5. MNERAL KAYNAKLAR ................................................................................................................................................... 35 B.5.1. Sanayi Madenleri ............................................................................................................................................ 35 B.5.2. Enerji Madenleri.................................................................................................................................................... 39 B.5.3. Ta Ocaklar Nizamnamesine Tabi Olan Doal Malzemeler ................................................................................. 40 (C) HAVA (ATMOSFER VE KLM) ..................................................................................................................................... 41 C.1. KLM VE HAVA ................................................................................................................................................................. 41 C.1.1. Doal Deikenler ................................................................................................................................................. 43 C.1.1.1. Rzgar: ............................................................................................................................................................... 43 C.1.1.2 Mikroklima .......................................................................................................................................................... 44 C.1.2 Yapay Etmenler ...................................................................................................................................................... 44 C.1.2.1 Plansz Kentleme .............................................................................................................................................. 44 C.1.2.2. Yeil Alanlarn Azalmas.................................................................................................................................... 45 C.1.2.3. Isnmada Kullanlan Yaktlar .............................................................................................................................. 45 C.1.2.4. Endstriyel Emisyonlar ....................................................................................................................................... 46 C.1.2.5. Trafikten Kaynaklanan Emisyonlar .................................................................................................................... 46 C.2. HAVAYI KRLETC GAZLAR VE KAYNAKLAR .............................................................................................................................. 47 C.2.1. Kkrtdioksit Konsantrasyonu ve Duman ............................................................................................................. 48 C.2.2. Partikl Madde Emisyonlar .................................................................................................................................. 48 C.2.3. Karbonmonoksit .................................................................................................................................................... 48 C.2.4. Nitrojen Oksitler .................................................................................................................................................... 48 C.2.5. Hidrojenkarbon ve Kurun Emisyonlar ................................................................................................................. 48 C.3. ATMOSFERK KRLLK ......................................................................................................................................................... 48 4

C.3.1. Ozon Tabakasnn ncelmesinin Etkileri ................................................................................................................. 48 C.3.2. Asit Yamurlarnn Etkileri .................................................................................................................................... 49 C.4. HAVA KRLETCLERNN EVREYE OLAN ETKLER ..................................................................................................................... 49 C.4.1. Doal evreye Olan Etkileri ................................................................................................................................... 49 C.4.1.1. Su zerine Etkileri .............................................................................................................................................. 49 C.4.1.2. Toprak zerine Etkileri ....................................................................................................................................... 49 C.4.1.3. Flora ve Fauna zerine Etkileri .......................................................................................................................... 49 C.4.1.4. nsan Sal zerine Etkileri .............................................................................................................................. 49 C.4.2. Yapay evreye Olan Etkileri ............................................................................................................................ 50 C.4.2.1. Grnt Kirlilii zerine Etkileri ......................................................................................................................... 50 (D) SU ............................................................................................................................................................................. 50 D.1. SU KAYNAKLARININ KULLANIMI ........................................................................................................................................... 50 D.1.1. Yeralt Sular .................................................................................................................................................... 50 D.1.2. Akarsular ......................................................................................................................................................... 52 D.1.3. Gller, Gletler ve Rezervuarlar ...................................................................................................................... 52 D.2. DOAL DRENAJ SSTEMLER ................................................................................................................................................ 53 D.3. SU KAYNAKLARININ KRLL VE EVREYE ETKLER.................................................................................................................. 54 D.3.1. Yer alt Sular ve Kirlilik .................................................................................................................................... 54 D.3.2. Akarsularda Kirlilik .......................................................................................................................................... 54 D.3.3. Gller, Gletler ve Rezervuarlarda Kirlilik ....................................................................................................... 55 D.4. SU VE KIYI YNETM, STRATEJ VE POLTKALAR ..................................................................................................................... 55 D.4.1. Denizler ........................................................................................................................................................... 56 D.4.2. Gller, Gletler ve Rezervuarlarda Kirlilik ....................................................................................................... 57 D.4.3. Denizlerde Kirlilik ................................................................................................................................................. 57 D.5. SU VE KIYI YNETM, SRATEJ VE POLTKALAR .................................................................................................................. 58 D.6. SU KAYNAKLARINDA KRLLK ETKENLER ........................................................................................................................... 60 D.6.1. Tuzluluk ................................................................................................................................................................ 60 D.6.2. Zehirli Gazlar ................................................................................................................................................... 60 D.6.3. Azot ve Fosforun Yol At Kirlilik ................................................................................................................... 60 D.6.4. Ar Metaller ve z Elementler ......................................................................................................................... 60 D.6.5. Zehirli Organik Bileikler ................................................................................................................................. 60 D.6.5.1. Siyanrler........................................................................................................................................................... 60 D.6.5.2. Petrol ve Trevleri .............................................................................................................................................. 60 D.6.5.3. Polikloro Naftalinler ve Bifeniller ....................................................................................................................... 61 D.6.5.4. Pestisitler ve Su Kirlilii ...................................................................................................................................... 61 D.6.5.5. Gbreler ve Su Kirlilii ........................................................................................................................................ 61 D.6.5.6 Deterjanlar ve Su Kirlilii .................................................................................................................................... 61 D.6.6. znm Organik Maddeler .......................................................................................................................... 61 D.6.7. Patojenler ........................................................................................................................................................ 61 D.6.8. Askda Kat Maddeler ...................................................................................................................................... 62 D.6.9. Radyoaktif Kirleticiler ve Su Kirlilii ................................................................................................................. 62 (E). TOPRAK VE ARAZ KULLANIMI .................................................................................................................................. 62 E.1. GENEL TOPRAK YAPISI........................................................................................................................................................ 62 E.2. TOPRAK KRLL ......................................................................................................................................................... 63 E.2.1. Kimyasal Kirlenme ........................................................................................................................................... 65 E.2.1.1. Atmosferik Kirlenme ........................................................................................................................................... 65 E.2.1.2. Atklardan Kirlenme ........................................................................................................................................... 65 E.2.2. Mikrobiyal Kirlenme ........................................................................................................................................ 66 E.3. ARAZ............................................................................................................................................................................. 66 E.3.1. Arazi Varl ..................................................................................................................................................... 66 E.3.1.1. Arazi Snflar ..................................................................................................................................................... 66 E.3.1.2 Kullanma Durumu ....................................................................................................................................... 66 E.3.2. Arazi Problemleri ............................................................................................................................................. 68 (F). FLORA-FAUNA VE HASSAS YRELER ......................................................................................................................... 69 F.1. ORMANLAR ................................................................................................................................................................ 69 F.1.1. Ormanlarn Ekolojik Yaps .............................................................................................................................. 69 F.1.2. Blgenin Orman Envanteri .................................................................................................................................... 71 5

F.1.3. Orman Varlgnn Yararlar .............................................................................................................................. 71 F.1.4. Orman Saylan Alanlarn Daraltlmas ............................................................................................................. 72 F.2. AYIR VE MERALAR ........................................................................................................................................................... 72 F.2.1. ayr ve Mera Varl ............................................................................................................................................. 72 F.2.2. Kullanm Amalar ve Yararlar .............................................................................................................................. 73 F.3. FLORA ............................................................................................................................................................................. 73 F.3.1. Trler ve Populasyonlar ........................................................................................................................................ 73 F.3.2. Habitat ve Topluluklar .......................................................................................................................................... 73 F.4. FAUNA ............................................................................................................................................................................ 74 F.4.1 Trler ve Populasyonlar ....................................................................................................................................... 74 F.4.1.1.Karasal Trler ve Populasyonlar ......................................................................................................................... 74 F.4.1.2. Aquatik Trler ve Populasyonlar ....................................................................................................................... 74 F.4.1.2.1. Krkl Hayvanlar ............................................................................................................................................. 75 F.4.1.2.2. Balklar ............................................................................................................................................................ 75 F.4.2. Habitat ve Topluluklar..................................................................................................................................... 75 F.4.3. Hayvan Yaama Haklar .................................................................................................................................. 75 F.4.3.1. Evcil Hayvanlar ................................................................................................................................................... 75 F.4.3.2. Hayvan Haklar hlalleri ...................................................................................................................................... 76 F.5. HASSAS YRELER KAPSAMINDAK ALANLAR ............................................................................................................................ 76 F.5.1. Milli Parklar ........................................................................................................................................................... 76 F.5.2. Tabiat Parklar ................................................................................................................................................... 77 F.5.3. Tabiat Ant...................................................................................................................................................... 78 F.5.4. Tabiat Koruma Alanlar ........................................................................................................................................ 79 F.5.5. Orman i Dinlenme Yerleri ............................................................................................................................. 80 F.5.6. Sulak Alanlar ................................................................................................................................................... 81 F.5.7. Biyogenetik Rezerv Alanlar ............................................................................................................................ 81 F.5.8. Biyosfer Rezerv Alanlar .................................................................................................................................. 81 F.5.9. zel evre Koruma Blgeleri ........................................................................................................................... 81 F.5.10. Av Hayvanlar Koruma ve retme Sahalar ..................................................................................................... 81 F.5.11. Su rnleri retim Sahalarnn evresindeki Kylar ....................................................................................... 82 F.5.12. Endemik Bitki ve Hayvanlarn Yaama Ortam Olan Alanlar ........................................................................... 82 F.5.13. Koruma Alan Altna Alnan Yabani Flora-Faunann Yaama Ortam Olan Alanlar ......................................... 84 F.5.14. Akdenize Has Nesli Tehlikede Olan Deniz Trlerinin Yaama ve Beslenme Ortam Olan Alanlar ....................... 84 F.5.15. Kltr ve Tabiat Varlklarnn Bulunduu Koruma Alanlar. ........................................................................... 85 F.5.16. Sit Alanlar ........................................................................................................................................................... 87 F.5.17. Dnya Kltr ve Tarih Mirasnn Korunmas Szlemesinde Yeralan Kltrel Miras ve Dogal Miras Stats Verilen Kltrel, Tarihi ve Dogal Alanlar ......................................................................................................................... 89 F.5.17.1. Kltrel Miras Kapsamna Giren Alanlar .......................................................................................................... 89 F.5.17.2. Doal Miras Kapsamna Giren Alanlar ............................................................................................................. 89 F.5.18. Akdenizde Ortak neme Sahip 100 Kysal Tarihi Sit Alanlar ............................................................................ 89 F.5.19. Su Kirlilii Kontrol Ynetmeliine Gre Belirlenen Kta ii Yzeysel Sular Kapsayan me ve Kullanma Suyu Rezervaurlar ................................................................................................................................................................. 89 F.5.19.1. Mutlak Koruma Alanlar ................................................................................................................................... 89 F.5.19.2 Ksa Mesafeli Koruma Alanlar .......................................................................................................................... 89 F.5.19.3. Orta Mesafeli Koruma Alanlar ........................................................................................................................ 89 F.5.19.4. Uzun Mesafeli Koruma Alanlar ....................................................................................................................... 89 F.5.20. Hava Kalitesi Kontrol Ynetmeliinde Belirlenen Hassas Kirlenme Blgeleri ..................................................... 90 F.5.21. Jeolojik ve Jeomorfolojik Oluumlarn Bulunduu Alanlar .................................................................................. 90 F.5.22. Tarm Alanlar...................................................................................................................................................... 90 F.5.22.1. Tarmsal Geliim Alanlar ................................................................................................................................. 90 F.5.22.2. Tarm Alanlar (1., 2. ve 3. Snf) ...................................................................................................................... 90 F.5.22.3. zel Mahsul Plantasyon Alanlar ..................................................................................................................... 90 G. TURZM ...................................................................................................................................................................... 90 G.1. YRENN TURSTK DEERLER............................................................................................................................................. 90 G.1.1. Yrenin Doal Deerleri .................................................................................................................................. 90 G.1.1.1.Konum ................................................................................................................................................................ 90 G.1.1.2. Fiziki zellikler ................................................................................................................................................... 91 G.1.2. Kltrel Deerler .................................................................................................................................................. 92 6

G.1.3. GYM KUAM: ................................................................................................................................................. 100 G.1.4. TURSTK ALTYAPI ......................................................................................................................................................101 G.1.5. TURST SAYISI ............................................................................................................................................................102 G.1.6. TURZM EKONOMS ..............................................................................................................................................102 G.1.7. TURZM - EVRE ILKS .........................................................................................................................................103 H. TARIM VE HAYVANCILIK ........................................................................................................................................... 103 H.1. GENEL TARIMSAL YAPISI .................................................................................................................................................103 H.2. TARIMSAL RETM .........................................................................................................................................................103 H.2.1. Bitkisel retim ..............................................................................................................................................104 H.2.1.1. Tarla Bitkileri ..................................................................................................................................................104 H.2.1.1.1. Budaygiller.................................................................................................................................................104 H.2.1.1.2. Yem Bitkileri.................................................................................................................................................104 H.2.1.1.3. Endstriyel Bitkiler ......................................................................................................................................104 H.2.1.1.4. Ss Bitkileri ..................................................................................................................................................105 H.2.1.2. Bahe Bitkileri .................................................................................................................................................105 H.2.1.2.1. Meyve retimi .............................................................................................................................................105 H.2.1.2.2. Sebze retimi .............................................................................................................................................106 H.2.2. Hayvansal retim ..............................................................................................................................................107 H.2.2.1. Bykba Hayvanclk .....................................................................................................................................107 H.2.2.2. Kkba Hayvanclk ...............................................................................................................................107 H.2.2.3. Kmes Hayvancl (Kanatl retim) ............................................................................................................108 H.2.2.4. Su rnleri .....................................................................................................................................................108 H.2.2.5. Krk Hayvancl ...........................................................................................................................................108 H.2.2.6. Arclk ve Ipek Bcei Yetitiricilii................................................................................................................108 H.3. ORGANK TARIM ...........................................................................................................................................................109 H.5. TARIMSAL FAALYETLER...................................................................................................................................................109 H.5.1. Pestisit Kullanm ...............................................................................................................................................109 H.5.2. Gbre Kullanm ..............................................................................................................................................110 Tablo H 17: 2010 ylnda Aydn li ve lelerinde Kullanlan Gbrelerin Saf ................................................................110 I. MADENCLK .............................................................................................................................................................. 111 I.1. MADEN KANUNUNA TAB OLAN MADENLER VE DOAL MALZEMELER .......................................................................................111 I.1.1. Sanayi Madenleri .................................................................................................................................................111 KAYNAK: M.T.A. GENEL MDRL, EGE BLGE MDRL, 2003. ..................................................................... 111 I.1.2. Metalik Madenler ...............................................................................................................................................111 I.1.3. Enerji Madenleri .................................................................................................................................................111 I.1.4. Maden Kanuna Tabi Olan Doal Malzemeler ......................................................................................................111 I.2. MADENCLK FAALYETLERNN YAPILDII YERLERN ZELLKLER ................................................................................................111 I.3. CEVHER ZENGNLETRME ..................................................................................................................................................111 I.4. MADENCLK FAALYETLERNN EVRE ZERNE ETKLER ..........................................................................................................112 I.5. Madencilik Faaliyetleri Sonucunda Arazi Kazanm Amacyla Yaplan Rehabilitasyon almalar ..........................112 J.1. KAYNAKLARINA GRE ENERJLERN SINIFLANDIRILMASI .....................................................................................................113 J.1.1. Birincil Enerji Kaynaklar................................................................................................................................113 J.1.1.1. Gne Enerjisi ...................................................................................................................................................113 J.1.1.2. Rzgar Enerjisi ..................................................................................................................................................114 J.1.1.3. Su Enerjisi ..........................................................................................................................................................114 J.1.1.4.Biyogaz Enerjisi ..................................................................................................................................................114 J.1.1.5. Biyomas Enerjisi ................................................................................................................................................115 J.1.1.6. Odun .................................................................................................................................................................115 TABLO J 3: AYDIN LETMES 2006 VE 2009 YILI ERSNDE RETLEN YAPACAK VE YAKACAK MKTAR VE ETLER ................................115 TABLO J 4: NAZLL LETMES 2006 VE 2009 YILI ERSNDE RETLEN YAPACAK VE YAKACAK MKTAR VE ETLER ..............................115 J.1.1.7. Kmr ...............................................................................................................................................................116 J.1.1.8. Petrol (Fuel-Oil, Motorin, Asfalt, Benzin, LPG) ..................................................................................................119 J.1.1.9. Jeotermal Enerji ................................................................................................................................................119 J.1.1.10. Doalgaz Enerjisi ............................................................................................................................................120 J.1.1.11. Res Enerjisi ......................................................................................................................................................120 J.1.2. Ikincil Enerji Kaynaklar ........................................................................................................................................120 J.1.2.1. Termik Enerji .....................................................................................................................................................120 7

J.1.2.2. Hidrolik Enerji ...................................................................................................................................................120 J.1.2.3. Nkleer Enerji ...................................................................................................................................................120 J.2. ENERJ TKETMNN SEKTRLERE GRE DAILIMI KWH .........................................................................................................121 TABLO J 8: AYDIN L ENERJ TKETM .......................................................................................................................................121 J.3. ENERJ TASARRUFU LE LGL YAPILAN ALIMALAR ................................................................................................................121 (K). SANAY VE TEKNOLOJ ............................................................................................................................................ 122 K.1. L SANAYNN GELM, YER SEM SRELER VE BUNU ETKLEYEN ETKENLER: .........................................................................122 K.2. GENEL ANLAMDA SANAYNN GRUPLANDIRILMASI .................................................................................................................122 K.3. SANAYNN ILELERE GRE DAILIMI ..................................................................................................................................123 K.4. SANAY GRUPLARINA GRE IYER SAYILARI VE ISTHDAM DURUMLARI ......................................................................................125 K.5. SANAY GRUPLARINA GRE RETM TEKNOLOJS VE ENERJ KULLANIMI ....................................................................................126 K.6. SANAYDEN KAYNAKLANAN EVRE SORUNLARI VE ALINAN NLEMLER .......................................................................................127 K.6.1. Sanayi Tesislerinden Kaynaklanan Hava Kirlilii ...........................................................................................127 K.6.2. Sanayi Tesislerinden Kaynaklanan Su Kirlilii................................................................................................127 K.6.3. Sanayi Tesislerinden Kaynaklanan Toprak Kirlilii ........................................................................................130 K.6.4. Sanayi Tesislerinden Kaynaklanan Grlt Kirlilii .......................................................................................130 K.6.5. Sanayi Tesislerinden Kaynaklanan Atklar.....................................................................................................130 K.6.6. SANAY TESSLERNN ACL DURUM PLANI ...................................................................................................................131 (L). ALTYAPI, ULAIM VE HABERLEME ......................................................................................................................... 131 L.1. ALTYAPI .........................................................................................................................................................................131 L.1.1. Su Sistemi ............................................................................................................................................................131 L.1.2. Atk Su Sistemi, Kanalizasyon Ve Atk Artma Tesisi ......................................................................................134 L1.3. Yeil Alanlar...................................................................................................................................................134 L1.4. Elektrik retim Hatlar ..................................................................................................................................135 L.1.5. Doal Gaz Boru Hatlar ........................................................................................................................................135 L.2. ULAIM .........................................................................................................................................................................135 L.2.1. Karayollar ...........................................................................................................................................................135 L.2.1.1. Karayollar Genel ..............................................................................................................................................135 L.2.1.2. Ulam Planlamas ............................................................................................................................................136 L.2.1.3. Toplu Tama Sistemleri ...................................................................................................................................136 L.2.1.4. Kent Ii Yollar ....................................................................................................................................................136 L.2.1.5. Ara Saylar .....................................................................................................................................................136 L.2.2. Demiryollar .........................................................................................................................................................137 L.2.2.1. Kullanlan Rayl Sistemler .................................................................................................................................137 L.2.2.2. Tamaclkta Demiryollar ................................................................................................................................137 L.2.3. Deniz, Gl, Nehir Tamacl ..............................................................................................................................137 L.2.3.1. Limanlar ...........................................................................................................................................................137 L.2.3.2. Tamaclk ........................................................................................................................................................137 L.2.3.3. Hava Yollar ......................................................................................................................................................137 L.3. HABERLEME ..............................................................................................................................................................137 L.4. ILN IMAR DURUMU ........................................................................................................................................................137 Aydn linde toplam arazi kullanm alan 800.447,8 hektardr. Arazi kullanm alanlar ile ilgili detaylar aadaki tabloda verilmitir. ........................................................................................................................................................137 L.5. LDEK BAZ STASYONLARININ SAYISI ...................................................................................................................................139 (M) YERLEM ALANLARI VE NFUS .............................................................................................................................. 139 M.1. KENTSEL VE KIRSAL PLANLAMA ........................................................................................................................................139 M.1.1. Kentsel Alanlar ...................................................................................................................................................139 M.1.1.1. Doal zelliklerin Kent Formuna Etkileri ........................................................................................................139 M.1.1.2. Kentsel Byme Deseni...................................................................................................................................140 M.1.1.3. Planl Kentsel Gelime Alanlar ......................................................................................................................140 M.1.1.4. Kentsel Alanlarda Younluk ...........................................................................................................................140 M.1.1.5. Kentsel Yenileme Alanlar ..............................................................................................................................140 M.1.1.6. Endstriyel Alanlarda Yer Seimi ...................................................................................................................140 M.1.17. Tarihi, Kltrel, Arkeolojik Ve Turistik zellikli Alanlar ...................................................................................142 M.1.2. Krsal Alanlar .....................................................................................................................................................142 M.1.2.1. Krsal Yerleme Deseni ..................................................................................................................................142 M.1.2.2. Arazi Mlkiyeti ................................................................................................................................................143 8

M.2. ALT YAPI ......................................................................................................................................................................144 M.3. BNALAR VE YAPI ETLER .............................................................................................................................................144 M.3.1. Kamu Binalar ....................................................................................................................................................144 M.3.2. Okullar ...............................................................................................................................................................144 M.3.3. Hastaneler ve Salk Tesisleri ............................................................................................................................144 M.3.4. Sosyal ve Kltrel Tesisler ..................................................................................................................................144 M.3.5. Endstriyel Yaplar .............................................................................................................................................145 M.3.6. Gler ve Hareketli Barnaklar ...........................................................................................................................145 M.3.7. Otel, Motel Ve Turizm Amal Dier Yaplar .....................................................................................................145 M.3.8. Brolar ve Dkkanlar ........................................................................................................................................145 M.3.9. Krsal Alanlarda Yaplama ................................................................................................................................145 M.3.10. Yerel Mimar zellikler ....................................................................................................................................145 M.3.11. Bina Yapmnda Kullanlan Yerel Materyaller ..................................................................................................146 M.4. SOSYO-EKONOMK YAPI .................................................................................................................................................146 M.4.1. Gler ................................................................................................................................................................146 M.4.2. Gebe Iiler (Mevsimlik Iiler) ......................................................................................................................146 M.4.3. Kent Toprann Mlkiyet Dalm ....................................................................................................................147 M.4.4. Konut Yapm Sreleri ........................................................................................................................................147 M.4.5. Gecekondu Islah ve nleme Blgeleri ...............................................................................................................147 M.5. YERLEM YERLERNN EVRESEL ETKLER ...........................................................................................................................147 M.5.1. Binalarda Ses Izolasyonu ...................................................................................................................................147 M.5.2. Hava Alanlar ve evresinde Oluturulan Grlt Zonlar .................................................................................147 M.5.3. Ticari ve Endstriyel Grlt ..............................................................................................................................147 M.5.4. Kentsel Atklar....................................................................................................................................................147 M.5.5. Binalarda Is Yaltm ..........................................................................................................................................148 M.6. NFUS ........................................................................................................................................................................148 M.6.1. Nfusun Yllara Gre Deiimi ...........................................................................................................................148 M.6.2. Nfusun Cinsiyet Ve Ya Gruplarna Gre Dalm ...........................................................................................148 M.6.3. Il ve Ilelerin Nfus Younluklar........................................................................................................................149 M.6.4. Nfus Deiim Oran ..........................................................................................................................................149 M.6.5. Yer Deitirme Olaylar ......................................................................................................................................149 M.6.6. Turizm ve Seyahat .............................................................................................................................................149 M.6.7. Isizlik.................................................................................................................................................................149 (N). ATIKLAR ................................................................................................................................................................. 149 N.1. EVSEL KATI ATIKLAR ........................................................................................................................................................149 N.2. TEHLKEL VE ZARARLI ATIKLAR .........................................................................................................................................150 N.3. ZEL ATIKLAR ................................................................................................................................................................150 N.3.1. Tbbi Atklar ........................................................................................................................................................150 N.3.2. Atk Yalar ..........................................................................................................................................................151 N.3.3. Pil ve Akler ........................................................................................................................................................151 N.3.4. Cips ve Dier Yakma Frnlarndan Kaynaklanan Kller ......................................................................................152 N.3.5. Tarama amurlar ..............................................................................................................................................152 N.3.6. Elektrik ve Elektronik Atklar ...............................................................................................................................152 N.3.7. Kullanm mr Bitmi Aralar .......................................................................................................................152 N.4.DER ATIKLAR ...............................................................................................................................................................152 N.4.1.Radyoaktif Atklar ................................................................................................................................................152 N.4.2. Hayvan Kadavralar ............................................................................................................................................152 N.4.3. Mezbaha Atklar ................................................................................................................................................152 N.5. ATIK YNETM ..............................................................................................................................................................153 N.6. KATI ATIKLARIN MKTAR VE KOMPOZSYONU .......................................................................................................................154 N.7. KATI ATIKLARI BRKTRLMES, TOPLANMASI, TAINMASI VE TRANSFER ISTASYONLARI ..............................................................154 N.8. ATIKLARIN BERTARAF YNTEMLER ....................................................................................................................................155 N.8.1. Kat Atklarn Depolanmas ...........................................................................................................................155 N.8.2. Atklarn Yaklmas.........................................................................................................................................156 N.8.3. Kompost .............................................................................................................................................................156 N.9. ATIKLARIN EVRE ZERNDEK ETKLER ..........................................................................................................................157 (O). GRLT VE TTREM .......................................................................................................................................... 157 O.1. GRLT .....................................................................................................................................................................157 9

O.1.1. Grlt Kaynaklar ............................................................................................................................................158 O.1.1.1. Ulam kaynakl evresel grlt ..................................................................................................................158 O.1.1.2. letme tesis ve iyerlerinden kaynakl evresel grlt ...............................................................................159 O.1.1.3. antiye alanlarndan kaynakl evresel grltler ........................................................................................159 O.1.1.4. Elence yerlerinden kaynakl evresel grltler ..........................................................................................159 O.1.2. Grltnn evreye Olan Etkileri ..................................................................................................................160 O.1.2.1. Grltnn Fiziksel evreye Olan Etkileri ........................................................................................................160 O.1.2.2. Grltnn Sosyal evreye Olan Etkileri ...................................................................................................161 O.1.3. Grltnn nsanlar zerine Olan Etkileri ....................................................................................................161 O.1.3.1. Fiziksel Etkileri .................................................................................................................................................162 O.1.3.2. Fizyolojik Etkileri: .............................................................................................................................................162 O.1.3.3. Psikolojik Etkileri ..............................................................................................................................................163 O.1.3.4. Performans Etkileri ..........................................................................................................................................163 O.2. TTREM ......................................................................................................................................................................163 (P). AFETLER ................................................................................................................................................................. 164 P.1. AFET OLAYLARI ..............................................................................................................................................................164 P.1.1. Depremler ..........................................................................................................................................................164 P.1.2. Heyelan ve lar ...............................................................................................................................................169 P.1.3. Seller ...................................................................................................................................................................169 P.1.4. Orman ve Otlak Yangnlar ................................................................................................................................170 P.1.5. Frtnalar .............................................................................................................................................................171 P.2. AFETLER VE SALIK ZARARLARI .........................................................................................................................................179 P.2.1. Radyoaktif Maddeler .........................................................................................................................................179 P.2.2. Denize Dklen Petrol ve Dier Tehlikeli Atklar ..............................................................................................179 P.2.3. Tehlikeli ve Zehirli Maddeler .............................................................................................................................180 P.3. AFETLERIN ETKILERI VE YARDIM TEDBIRLERI ........................................................................................................................180 P.3.1. Afet ve Acil Durum Birimleri: ............................................................................................................................182 P.3.2. Yangn Kontrol ve nleme Tedbirleri ...............................................................................................................184 P.3.3. Ilkyardm Servisleri.............................................................................................................................................186 P.3.4. Afetzedeler ve Mltecilerin Yeniden Iskan .......................................................................................................186 P.3.5. Tehlikeli ve Zehirli Maddelerin Snrlararas Tanm Iin Alnan Tedbirler .....................................................187 P.3.6. Afetler ve Byk Endstriyel Kazalar ................................................................................................................187 R. SALIK VE EVRE ...................................................................................................................................................... 188 R.1. TEMEL SALIK HZMETLER ...............................................................................................................................................188 R.1.1.Salk Kurumlarnn Dalm ...............................................................................................................................188 R.1.2. Bulac Hastalklar..............................................................................................................................................189 R.1.2.1. Ime ve Kullanma Sular ...................................................................................................................................190 R.1.2.2. Denizler ............................................................................................................................................................192 R.1.2.3. Zoonos Hastalklar ...........................................................................................................................................196 R.1.3. Gda Hijyeni .........................................................................................................................................................196 R.1.4. Alama almalar ............................................................................................................................................197 R.1.5. Bebek lmleri....................................................................................................................................................198 R.1.6. lmlerin Hastalk, Ya ve Cins Gruplarna Gre Dalm ..................................................................................200 R.1.7. Aile Planlamas almalar .................................................................................................................................201 R.2. EVRE KRLL VE ZARARLARINDAN OLUAN SALIK RSKLER ................................................................................................202 R.2.1. Kentsel Hava Kirliliinin Insan Sal zerindeki Etkileri ...................................................................................202 R.2.2. Su Kirliliinin Insan Sal zerindeki Etkileri ....................................................................................................203 R.2.3. Atklarn Insan Sal zerindeki Etkileri ......................................................................................................203 R.2.4. Grltnn nsan Saglg zerine Etkileri ...........................................................................................................204 R.2.5. Pestisitlerin nsan Saglg zerine Etkileri ..........................................................................................................204 R.2.6. Iyonize Radyasyondan Korunma .........................................................................................................................204 (S). EVRE ETM ........................................................................................................................................................ 208 S.1. KAMU KURULULARININ EVRE ETM ILE ILGL FAALYETLER ..............................................................................................208 S.2.1. evre Vakflar .....................................................................................................................................................213 S.2.2. evre Dernekleri ..................................................................................................................................................213 S.2.3. evreyle Ilgili Federasyonlar................................................................................................................................213 (T). EVRE YNETM VE PLANLAMA ............................................................................................................................ 214 10

T.1. EVRE KRLLNN VE EVRESEL TAHRBATIN NLENMES .....................................................................................................214 T.2. DOAL KAYNAKLARIN EKOLOJK DENGELER ESAS ALINARAK VERML KULLANIMI, KORUNMASI VE GELTRLMES ...........................215 T.3. EKONOMK VE SOSYAL FAALYETLERN, SONULARININ EVRENN TAIMA KAPASTESN AMAYACAK BMDE PLANLANMASI .............217 T.4. EVRENN INSAN-PSKOSOSYAL IHTYALARIYLA UYUMUNUN SALANMASI .............................................................................219 T.5. EVRE DUYARLI ARAZ KULLANIM PLANLAMASI ..................................................................................................................220

EKLLER ve TABLOLARRESM A 1: AYDIN KENT MEYDANI,1933 ........................................................................................................................................ 13 RESM A 2: AYDIN HKMET BULVARI,VAL KONAI,1937 ................................................................................................................ 13 HARTA A. 2: AYDIN KENT MERKEZ VE LELER HARTASI ..................................................................................................................... 14 HARTA A. 3: AYDIN L JEOLOJ HARTASI, ........................................................................................................................................ 19 HARTA A. 4:TRKYE JEOLOJ HARTASI ........................................................................................................................................... 20 TABLO B. 1: : AYDIN L ORTALAMA GNELENME SRES .................................................................................................................... 22 TABLO B. 2: : AYDIN L MEVCUT SU ENERJS VE GCNE YNELK PROJELER........................................................................................... 22 TABLO B. 3: AYDIN L KMR REZERVLER VE PARAMETRE DEERLER .................................................................................................. 23 RESM B 1: KAYNAK FOTO: DKMP ARV, 2003 .............................................................................................................................. 26 TABLO B. 4: AYDIN L SINIRLARI NDE TESPT EDLEN ENDEMK TR BTK SAYILARI ................................................................................. 27 TABLO B. 5: LMZDEK MEVCUT SULARDA (TATLI VE TUZLU) YAAYAN BALIK TRLER ................................................................................ 27 TABLO B. 6: ME SUYU TESSLER .................................................................................................................................................. 31 TABLO B. 7: AYDIN L SINIRLARINDAK VE AYDIN LN ETKLEYEN BAZI BYK PROJELERN YAI VE DEPOLAMA DEERLER ............................... 31 TABLO B. 8: LMZDEK ME SUYU AMALI BARAJLAR ....................................................................................................................... 31 TABLO B. 9: ME SUYU AMALI BARAJLARIN SU KRLL KONTROL YNETMELNN TABLO-1E GRE ANALZ SONULARI. ........................ 32 TABLO B. 10: LMZDEK ME SUYU AMALI BARAJLAR ..................................................................................................................... 32 TABLO B. 11 : YERALTI SU KAYNAKLARI, SULAMALAR VE YEN KUYU PROGRAMI ....................................................................................... 33 TABLO B. 12: LMZDE MEVCUT AKARSULAR .................................................................................................................................... 34 TABLO B. 13: LMZDE MEVCUT OLAN GL VE GLETLER ................................................................................................................... 34 RESM B 2: KEMER BARAJI 2003 ................................................................................................................................................... 35 TABLO B. 14: LMZDEK MADEN REZERV VE KALTELER ..................................................................................................................... 38 TABLO B. 15: JEOTERMAL ENERJ KAYNAKLARININ ZELLKLER ............................................................................................................ 39 TABLO B. 16: LMZDE MEVCUT OLAN LNYT YATAKLARINA AT BLGLER .............................................................................................. 40 TABLO B. 17: LMZDE MEVCUT OLAN LNYT YATAKLARINA AT BLGLER .............................................................................................. 40 TABLO B. 18: MERMER YATAKLARI ................................................................................................................................................. 41 HARTA C 1: LMZDE BULUNAN METEOROLOJ STASYONLARI .............................................................................................................. 41 RESM C 1: AYDIN LNE AT KIR GRNTS .................................................................................................................................... 42 TABLO C 1: AYDIN LNE AT OK YILLIK METEOROLOJK VERLER .......................................................................................................... 42 TABLO C 2: YNLERN ESME SAYILARI TOPLAMINA GRE ZLM RZGAR GL ................................................................................... 43 TABLO C 3: SO2 VE PM YILLIK ORTALAMASI .................................................................................................................................... 45 TABLO C 4: AYDIN L SINIRLARI NDE RETLEN YERL LNYT KMRLER ............................................................................................. 46 TABLO C 5: AYDIN L 2010 YILI HAVA KRLL LM DEERLER........................................................................................................ 47 TABLO D 1: YERALTI SU KAYNAKLARI VE SULAMALARI ......................................................................................................................... 51 TABLO D 2: DSCE NA EDLEN VE ETL KURULULARA DEVREDLEN SULAMALAR.................................................................................. 51 TABLO D 3: DSCE NA EDLEREK ETL KURULULARA DEVREDLEN GLETLER ...................................................................................... 52 TABLO D 4: AYDIN L SINIRLARI NDE ENERJ, SULAMA VEYA ME SUYU AMALI KULLANILABLR NEML SU KAYNAKLARI............................... 52 TABLO D. 5: YAPIMI TAMAMLANMI BARAJLAR VE GLETLER............................................................................................................... 52 TABLO D. 6: NAATI DEVAM EDEN BARAJ VE GLET PROJELER ............................................................................................................. 53 TABLO D. 7: ME SUYU AMALI BARAJLARIN SU KRLL KONTROL YNETMELNN TABLO-1E GRE ANALZ SONULARI. ........................ 53 HARTA D. 1:GZLEM STASYONLARI HARTASI.................................................................................................................................. 55 HARTA D 2:GZLEM STASYONLARI HARTASI................................................................................................................................... 58 TABLO E 1: TOPRAK KRLLN YARATAN ETMENLER.......................................................................................................................... 63 TABLO E 2: LMZDE ARAZ KULLANIM DURUMU ............................................................................................................................... 66 TABLO E 3: KLTR ARAZLERNN KULLANIMI .................................................................................................................................. 67 TABLO E 4: 2010 YILI AYDIN L GBRE TKETM ............................................................................................................................. 67 TABLO E 5: 2010 YILI AYDIN L GBRE TKETM ............................................................................................................................. 68 RESM F 1: B.MENDERES DELTASINDA SU KULARI............................................................................................................................. 74 TABLO F 1: BLGEMZDEK BALIK TRLER VE POPLASYONLARI ........................................................................................................... 74 TABLO F 2: LMZ SINIRLARI ERSNDE BULUNAN SOKAK HAYVANLARI LE LGL ALIMALAR. .................................................................... 75 RESM F 2: B.MENDERES DELTASINDA GRNM............................................................................................................................. 76 RESM F 3: B.MENDERES MLL PARKINDAN GRNM ..................................................................................................................... 77 11

TABLO F 3: ANIT AALAR ........................................................................................................................................................... 79 HARTA I 1: LMZ MADEN HARTASI .............................................................................................................................................112 TABLO J 1: AYLARA GRE GNELENME SRES(SAAT) .....................................................................................................................113 TABLO J 2: AYDIN L RZGAR ENERJS LM DEERLER................................................................................................................114 TABLO J 7: AYDIN L KMR REZERVLER VE PARAMETRE DEERLER..................................................................................................119 TABLO K 2: L GENELNDEK SANAY TESSLERNN LELERE GRE DAILIMI .........................................................................................123 TABLO K 3:SANAY GRUPLARININ MESLEK GRUPLARINA GRE DAILIMI. ...............................................................................................124 TABLO K 4: SANAY GRUPLARINA GRE IYER SAYILARI VE ISTHDAM DURUMLARI.................................................................................125 TABLO K 7: ZEYTN KARASUYUNUN KARAKTERNE LKN PARAMETRELERN ORTALAMA ...........................................................................129 TABLO K 8: PRNANIN ZELLKLER ...............................................................................................................................................130 TABLO L 2: LMZDEK 154 VE 380 KVLUK HATLARIN GZERGAH VE UZUNLUKLARI (KM) ........................................................................135 TABLO L 4: L MERKEZNN, LELERE OLAN UZAKLIKLARI. ...................................................................................................................135 TABLO L 6: AYDIN L ARAZ KULLANIMI .........................................................................................................................................138 TABLO M 1: LMZDE MEVCUT OLAN LSE VE LKRETM OKULLARININ ETLER VE SAYILARI ..................................................................144 TABLO M 2: YA GRUBUNA GRE NFUS DAILIMI. .......................................................................................................................149 TABLO N 1: KUADASI EVSEL KATI ATIKLARIN BLEM .......................................................................................................................150 TABLO O 3:PATLAMALAR SONUCU OLUAN GRLTNNYAPILAR ZERNDEK ETKLER .......................................................................161 TABLO R. 2:SALIK KURUMLARININ AYDIN L MERKEZ VE LELERNE GRE DAILIMI...........................................................................189 TABLO R. 5:L GENELNDEK KYLERN ME SUYU DURUMU .............................................................................................................191 TABLO R. 6:L MERKEZ VE LELERNDE ME SUYU SONDAJ KUYU SAYISI ............................................................................................192 TABLO R. 7:ME VE KULLANMA SULARININ KMYASAL - BAKTERYOLOJK ANALZLER VE.........................................................................192 TABLO R. 8: DENZ SUYU ANALZ SONULARI..................................................................................................................................194 TABLO R. 9:LMZDE GRLEN ZOONOZ HASTALIKLAR .....................................................................................................................196 TABLO R. 10: GIDA RETM YERLER KONTROLLER..........................................................................................................................196 TABLO R. 14:AILAMA ALIMALARI.............................................................................................................................................197 TABLO R. 15:YILLARA GRE SALIK DZEY LTLER % ................................................................................................................198 TABLO R. 16: 2007-2010 YILI GEBE, BEBEK, OCUK ZLEM SAYILARI .................................................................................................199 TABLO R. 27:LMZ MERKEZ VE LELERDE KABA DOUM VE GENEL DOURGANLIK HIZI ........................................................................199 TABLO R. 18:AYDIN L 2010 YILI NFUSUN YA GRUPLARI VE CNSYETE GRE DAILIMI......................................................................200 TABLO R.39:YILLARA GRE ALE PLANLAMASI YNTEMLER VE KULLANAN K SAYILARI ........................................................................201 TABLO R.20: 2007 YILI ALE PLANLAMASI HZMETLERNDEN YARARLANAN K SAYISI VE .......................................................................201 TABLO R. 21: 2007 YILI 15-49 YA KADIN ZLEM RAPORU(TEMMUZ-ARALIK 2007)............................................................................201 TABLO R. 22:LMZ HAVA KRLL 2000-2009 LM SONULARI YILLIK ORTALAMA DEERLER .........................................................202

(A). CORAF KAPSAMA.1. Giri Aydn li, antik adan bugne doal yapsyla insanln ilgisini eken nemli yerleim alanlarndan biri olmutur. zgn ekolojik yaps Dalarndan Ya, Ovalarndan Bal Akar deyii ile tanmlanmtr. Kente adn veren Tralles antik yaplamasndan, Seluklu-Aydnoullar yerleimlerine kadar yerleim-nfus ilikilerinin youn olduu Aydn kenti kltrel adan da nemli bir merkez olmutur. Yrede eski alarda Thales, Anaksimandros, Anaksimenes, Hekataios, Hippodamos, sidoros gibi bir ok dnce ve sanat adam yetimitir. Aydn ilinin kesin tarihi bilinmemekle birlikte prehistorik izler kentin insanolunun yerleik dzene getii dnemlerde kurulduunu gstermektedir. Aydnda ilk yerleimi M.. 7000 yllarnda Hititler gerekletirmitir. M.. 4000 yllarnda Trakyal kavimler, Tralles ad verilen yerleimi kurmulardr. Roma dneminde Andropolis adn alan kent, Seluklularn Anadoluya gelmesiyle Gzelhisar, Osmanl dneminde Nefs-i Gzel Hisar der Liva-i Aydn, Cumhuriyet ile birlikte il merkezi olarak Aydn adn almtr.

12

Kaynak: l Kltr ve Turizm Mdrl. Resim A 1: Aydn Kent Meydan,1933 Aydn yresinde efelerin ayr bir nemi vardr. Osmanl mparatorluunun son dneminde ortaya kan hakszla bakaldran, yoksullar koruyan kimseler olarak halkn yannda yer aldlar, sayg ve sevgi grdler. Adlarna trkler yaklan ykleri dilden dile dolaan akrcal Efe ile Yrk Ali Efe Aydn topraklarnda yetimitir. Osmanlya kar bir ayaklanma ile 1818de Aydna egemen olan Atal Kel Memed Efe kendi adna para bastrmas ile nem tamaktadr. Yrenin doal ve antik yaps yabanclarn dikkatini ekmi ve 1866 da Franszlar tarafndan ilk demiryolu hatt zmir-Kasaba (Aydn) arasnda kurulmutur.

Kaynak: l Kltr ve Turizm Mdrl. Resim A 2: Aydn Hkmet Bulvar,Vali Kona,193713

Aydn 1. Dnya Sava sonras Yunan igaline uram, igale direnite ve Kuvva-i Milliye hareketinin olumasnda efelerin byk yarar olmu, 3 yl sren igal Kurtulu Savann kazanlmas ile 7 Eyll 1922de sona ermitir. Aydn li, yrenin yaam kayna olan Byk Menderes Irma 584 km. boyunca akarak Ege Denizine kadar uzand Havzada yer alr. Byk Menderes Havzas 25.000 km2 yzlm ile 23.000 km lik srail devletinden de byktr. Havzann 19.846 km lik ksm Aydn il snrlar iinde kalr. Akdeniz ikliminin hakim olduu lde yazlar scak ve kurak, klar lk ve yal geer. 2010 yl verilerine gre Ortalama scaklk 17.6 C, ortalama yal gn says 79,5 , ortalama ya miktar 651 kg/m2' dr. Byk Menderes vadisi, dier Ege ovalar gibi batda denize doru alan bir oluk biimindedir. Bu yzden denizin ltc etkisi ve ya getiren rzgarlar i ksmlara kadar kolaylkla girer. Aydn ili, iklim, toprak,ve topografik yap itibariyle blge ve lke asndan polikltr tarma uygun ve lke tarmnda nemi olan illerimiz arasndadr. lin yzlmnn %50 sinde zeytin ve meyvelikler kaplamakta, Aydn ili Trkiye genelinde zeytin, incir, kestane retiminde birinci, pamuk retiminde Adanadan sonra 2. srada yer almaktadr. lin %67 sini dalk alanlar kaplar. lkenin orman rnleri retiminin % 3.8 i Aydn ilinden karlanmaktadr. Tarihte eitli uygarlklar barndran Aydn ili, gnmzde tarmsal aktivitelerin younluu ve eitlilii ile deniz kys, ren yerleri ve doal mekanlaryla turizm sektr iinde nemli yrelerimizden birisidir. A.2. l ve le snrlar Merkez lesiyle birlikte 17 lenin ynetim merkezi olan Aydn linde 54 belediye, 489 ky, 265 mahalle kuruluu vardr. Bal ileler unlardr; 1-Merkez 10-Koarl 2-Bozdoan 11-Kk 3-Buharkent 12-Kuadas 4-ine 13-Kuyucak 5-Didim 14-Nazilli 6-Germencik 15-Ske 7-ncirliova 16-Sultanhisar 8-Karacasu 17-Yenipazar 9-Karpuzlu Harita A. 2: Aydn kent merkezi ve leler Haritas

14

Kaynak:l zel dare Mdrl, 2003

A.3. lin Corafi Durumu Aydn, orta ve bat kesiminde verimli ovalar, kuzey ve gneyi dalar ile evrili Byk Menderes Havzas zerinde 8007 km2 lik bir alan zerine kuruludur. Dousunda Denizli, batda Ege Denizi, kuzeyde zmir ve Manisa, gneyde ise Mula illeriyle komudur. l, 37- 44' ve 38- 08' kuzey enlemleri ile 27- 23' ve 28-52' dou boylamlar arasnda yer alr. A.4. lin Topografyas ve Jeomorfolojik Durumu Aydn ilinden kuzeye gidildike 500-600 m yi bulan ykseklikte topografya izlenir. Bu ykselme Dou-Bat ynnde ovann snr boyunca kuzeye doru devam eder. Gney blm ise denizden 04-50 m irtifadadr.15

Dalar: Aydn linin % 67 ini dalk alanlar oluturmaktadr. Kuzeyde dou-bat ynnde uzanan sra dalar Aydn Dalardr ve zirvesi 1732m. ile Karlk Tepesidir. Gneyde Dou-Bat ynnde uzanan dalar, Byk Menderes Irmann kollar olan Dandalas ay, Akay ve ine aylarnn gneyden kuzeye doru paralayan vadileri nedeniyle paral bir grnmdedir. lin en yksek da olan Madran Da ise Akay ve ine aylar arasnda kalr. Ortada kalan Menderes Nehri civar dzlktr. Kuzey ynn, Dinardan balayp 300 km devam eden ve Samson dalar adn alarak Ege Denizinde sona eren Mezukis Dalarnn en yksek noktas 1360 metredir. Mezukis Sra Dalarnn il iinde devam eden ksmnda Dou dan Bat ya doru amlk, Oyuk, Karlk, Malg, Cevizli adlar ile sralanan Bat da daha az ykseklik arz eden Gm ve Samson Dalar ile Dipburun mevkiinde Mezukis Dalar kk vdilerle yer yer birbirlerinden ayrlrlar. Kuzeydouda 1.430 m.yksekliindeki al Dalarndan ayrlan amlk Da, 1.732 m. yksekliindedir. Aydn ilinin kuzeyindeki Cevizli Dana kadar yukarda Oyuk, Karlk, Malga tepelerini meydana getiren Karada, 1.353 m. yksekliktedir. Kvrntl kk yaylalar ile sradalar halinde batya uzanan Cevizli Da, Ske lesi nin Batsnda en yksek seviyeye ular. Bu dan ykseklii, 1.229 m.dir. Dalgal tepecikler halinde devam ederek Dipburun da denize gmlen Samson Dalar, 1.360 m. olup, Sisam Adalarna kadar devam ettii grlmektedir. Mezukis Dalarnn bol sular, Menderes Vadisine 11 dere halinde yaylr. lin Gneyinde, ykseklikleri 1.800 myi bulan ubuk, Karncal, Madran, Beparmak Dalar, Bat da Bafa Gl n yarm ember iine alarak denizde sona erer.Dou kesiminde, ili snrlayan Baba Da, 2.380 m. den 1.300 m. ye inerek, ubuk Da ad ile Aydn snrlar iine girerek Karacasu ilesi nin dou kesiminden geen Dandalaz ay na geni bir vdi geidi verdikten sonra, Karncal Da ile birleir. Dandalaz ay ile Akay arasnda kalan dalar, Karncal Dadr. Bu da, Karacasu ilesinin batsndan, Menderes Ovas na doru uzanan bir knt meydana getirir. Gzel yaylalara sahip bu dan en yksek noktas 1.699 m.dir. akrcal Efe 1912 ye kadar bu dada yaamtr. Karncal Dann Batsnda Madran ve Gksel Dalar vardr. Bu iki dan nemli ksmlar Mula ili hudutlar iine girmektedir. Aydn ili hudutlar iinde bulunan dalar ve ykseklikleri hakknda aadaki cetvel daha genel bir bilgi vermektedir. Dalar Babada Karncal Da Madran Da Gksel Da Beparmak Da amlk da Oyuk Da Samson Da En Yksek Noktalar 2.380 m. 1.699 m. 1.792 m. 1.412 m. 1.367 m. 1.334 m. 1.353 m. 1.380 m.

Ovalar: Aydn linde, Ova deyimi ok nemli bir yer tutar. Byk Menderes Irmann sulad alanlar Byk Menderes Ovas olarak tanmlanr. Denizli l snrlarndan balayan byk bir ovadr. B. Menderes Irma nn getii ova, takn ovas niteliinde olup 23.900 km2lik bir sahadr. Irmak alar boyu denize tad alvyonla bugnk ovay oluturmutur. Havzadaki ovalar Aydn, Ske, Yenipazar, Koarl, Karpuzlu, erkez ve ine Ovas gibi yerel adlarla anlrlar. Bu ovalar Byk Menderes Ovasn oluturur. Denizli ili snrlarndan Ege Denizine kadar uzanan bu ovann en geni yeri 20 kmyi bulmaktadr. Vadiler:16

Byk Menderes havzasna 50den fazla dere ve akarsu yer almakta, bu yan dere ve akarsular Byk Menderes Irmana dklmektedir. Vadilerdeki yan dere ve akarsularn byk ksm yaa bal ak gsteren mevsimlik akarsulardr. Byk ksm yaz aylarnda kurumaktadr. lin kuzeyinde Kuvaterner yal taraalar yer alr. Bu taraalar, yama molozlar ve alvyon birikintilerinin Algin orojenik hareketleri srasnda yredeki malzemenin ykselmesinden olumutur. akll, kumlu ve gevek imentolu konglomeratik zelliktedirler. Taraalar, yer yer akarsular tarafndan keskin hatlarla yarlmlardr. ehrin iinden geen ve bu taraalar Kuzey-Gney istikmetinde kesen Tabakhane Deresi u anda yerleim alannn altnda kalan byk bir birikinti konisi oluturmutur. Aydn ilinin byk bir ksm ovada kuruludur. B. Menderes Nehrinin getirmi olduu malzeme, ovay oluturur. Dou-Bat uzanml verimli topraklarn nemli bir ksm u anda ehrin yerleim alan altnda kalmtr. Titizlikle korunmas gereken 1. Snf tarm arazilerinin iskn sahas olarak kullanlmas, tarmsal alanlarn aleyhine gelien bu olumsuzluktur. Taraalardan ve alvyon birikintilerinden daha yal olan ve taraalardan sonra daha kuzeyde bulunan Pliyosen yal kayalar, gevek yapda ve konglomeratik zelliktedirler. Anmas kolay olan bu formasyonlar ok dalgal morfolojik grnm verirler. Pliyo kuvaternerde yer kabuundaki dalgalanmalardan birok tepecik olumutur (500-600 m). Paleozoyik yataki kayalar iinde kuvarsit istler, mermerler dik ykselti verirler. Gnays ve istli yapda olan yerlerde ise daha yumuak hatl bir morfolojik yap gzlenir. A.5. Jeolojik Yap ve Stratigrafi Aydn ili snrlar iinde Bat Anadoluda geni bir yaylm gsteren Menderes Masifi ve evresindeki kaya birimleri yzeylenmektedir. Yzyl akn bir sredir eitli amalara ynelik almalar yaplmtr. Yrede ilk alma, Stricland (1840) tarafndan gerekletirilmitir. Daha sonra