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The Legend of Lanao Lake

In ancient Lanao, there once lived a giant called Umacaan. He was so enormous thatwhen he spread his arms side ward, they spread as far as thirty kilometers apart. Almost anythingwas within easy reach, best of all, men whom he loved to eat. Men flee at the sight of him. oone dared come out to the mountains for fear of losing their lives at the hands of the man!eatinggiant.

In no time, news about Umacaan reached as far as the kingdom of "umbaran and came tothe knowledge of its brave princes, #a$ah Indarapatra and #a$ah %oliman. &hey swore to kill themonster. &he ne't day, they both set out to slay the man!eater. However, they didn(t leave at thesame time. #a$ah %oliman went ahead and reached Lanao to fight. Umacaan tricked %oliman intocutting him into several pieces, each piece becoming another giant Umacaan. &he prince simply

proved to be no match to the creature.

%ome time later, #a$ah Indarapatra reached Lanao. As soon as he arrived, he wasinformed by a spirit!)ueen of his brother(s fate. Angrily, he swore to avenge his brother(s death."efore he went on his way the spirit!)ueen gifted him with a magic sword to enable him todefeat the giant. Later that same day, the two combatants met near the shores of Lanao Lake.

*hen the fight began, Umacaan pulled several trees and hurled them at #a$ah Indarapatrawho was )uick to dodge and got out safely. e't, the giant reached for some soft clay andformed big round balls out of it and threw them successively at the prince. +nce more the )uick #a$ah Indarapatra made swift plunges to avoid getting hit by the round clay balls so that some of

them fell into the lake while the others landed on the plains and turned into hills and mountainsthat surround the famous Lanao Lake. At any rate, when #a$ah Indarapatra had his turn, he helpup the magic sword that could wound any opponent by merely pointing at him. As he did,Umacaan yelled in pain until he fell down to his death.

Up to now, if one were to visit Lanao Lake, one will easily notice small floating islandsall around the lake. %ome of the islands are big enough to accommodate a number of families,while the others are too small for even a single nipa hut to stand on. &hese islands were believedto have formed out of the clay balls Umacaan threw at #a$ah Indarapatra that fell into the lake,while the hills and mountains that surround the lake came from those clay balls that landed on

the plains and dried over time, as the legend had it.

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The Legend of the Mayon Volcano

Long time ago, there used to live a beautiful girl called arang Magayon, who had manyguys after her from various tribes, one of them was -agtuga, the tribal chief from Iriga, who wasalso a great hunter. "ut arang Magayon was not interested on him.

+ne day, arang Magayon was bathing in the aw river, and she slipped on the rocks.%he did not knew how to swim, but then -anganoron, son of #a$ah /arilaya, from the &agalogs,saved her while he was walking by the river.

After saving her life, -anganoron started to court her, and after some days she finallyaccepted his proposal, and so -anganoron decided to ask arang Magayon(s father, #a$ahMakusong for her hand in matrimony. &he father accepted him.

&he legend says that when -agtuga heard of the news he got very angry, so he decided tokidnapped #a$ah Makusong and took him to the mountains, then he told everyone that he wouldrelease him if arang Magamon would marry him. Afraid that -agtuga would hurt her father, sheaccepted to be his wife.

*hen -anganon knew about the situation , he asked to his warriors to follow him to themountains to fight against -anganoron. &he battle was fierce. -anganoron killed -agtuga, butlater he was killed by an arrow thrown by one of -agtuga(s warriors. %adly another arrow pierced

arang Magayon when she was running to the arms of his love, killing her.

After the battle was over, #a$ah Makusong dug a grave and laid the bodies of both loversin it. As days passed by, people who went to the grave to pay respect, saw that the grave wasrising, turning into a land form and they started to call it Mayon 0short for Mayon1.

*hile some says that the eruptions on the Mayon volcano, are the sings of the love between the lovers, other says that the spirit of arang Magayon lives on the volcano, and thespirit of -anganoron lives on the clouds above, and all year long disperse rain to keep the flowersand plants fresh, so it stays beautiful.

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Liham -angkaibigan

23 Matatag %t. -urok 4,

%ta. Ana, ManilaIka!53 ng -ebrero, 5674

Mahal kong /lign,

/amusta na ang aking matalik na kaibigan. Matagal na rin tayong hindi nagkita mula nglumuwas ka sa Maynila para mag!aral. Madalas akong dumaan sa inyong bahay para makibalitasa iyong ina kung ano na ang nagyayari sa iyo.

%alamat pala sa iyong pinadalang regalo noong nakalipas kong kaarawan. %alamat at

hindi ka pa rin nakakalimot sa akin at sa maganda nating pagkakaibigan.

%abi ng Lola ko ay baka mamasyal kami diyan ngayong bakasyon ko sa paaralan. Hindina ako makapaghintay na makita at makasama kang muli. 8usto kong makita ang Manila 9oo atsana ay masamahan mo ako para mas masaya.

Hanggang dito na lamang at sana lagi kang mag!iingat diyan.

agmamahal na kaibigan,

Ate Hyacine

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Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of si' players are separated by a net. :ach teamtries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team(s court under organi;ed rules. 43.

&he complete rules are e'tensive. "ut simply, play proceeds as follows? a player on one of theteams begins a (rally( by serving the ball 0tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with a hand orarm1, from behind the back boundary line of the court, over the net, and into the receiving team(scourt. &he receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their court. &he team maytouch the ball up to @ times but individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively.&ypically, the first two touches are used to set up for an attack, an attempt to direct the ball backover the net in such a way that the serving team is unable to prevent it from being grounded intheir court.

&he rally continues, with each team allowed as many as three consecutive touches, until either

071? a team makes a kill , grounding the ball on the opponent(s court and winning the rally or 051?a team commits a fault and loses the rally. &he team that wins the rally is awarded a point, andserves the ball to start the ne't rally. A few of the most common faults include?

• causing the ball to touch the ground or floor outside the opponents( court or without first passing over the net

• catching and throwing the ball

• double hit ? two consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same player

• four consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same team

• net foul? touching the net during play

• foot fault? the foot crosses over the boundary line when serving.

&he ball is usually played with the hands or arms, but players can legally strike or push 0shortcontact1 the ball with any part of the body.

A number of consistent techni)ues have evolved in volleyball, including spiking and blocking

0because these plays are made above the top of the net, the vertical $ump is an athletic skillemphasi;ed in the sport1 as well as passing , setting , and speciali;ed player positions andoffensive and defensive structures.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_sporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Gameshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball_ruleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#Skillshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_jumphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Gameshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball_ruleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#Skillshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_jumphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_sport

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History

Origin of volleyball

William G. Morgan

+n Bebruary >, 7C>2, in Holyoke, Massachusetts 0U%A1,*illiam 8. Morgan , a MDA physicaleducation director, created a new game called Mintonette as a past time to be played 0preferably1indoors and by any number of players. &he game took some of its characteristics from tennis andhandball . Another indoor sport, basketball , was catching on in the area, having been invented $ustten miles 0si'teen kilometers1 away in the city of %pringfield, Massachusetts , only four years

before. Mintonette was designed to be an indoor sport, less rough than basketball, for oldermembers of the MDA, while still re)uiring a bit of athletic effort.

&he first rules, written down by *illiam 8 Morgan, called for a net 4 ft 4 in 07.>C m1 high, a52 ft E 26 ft 0F.4 m E 72.5 m1 court, and any number of players. A match was composed of nineinnings with three serves for each team in each inning, and no limit to the number of ballcontacts for each team before sending the ball to the opponents( court. In case of a serving error,a second try was allowed. Hitting the ball into the net was considered a foul 0with loss of the

point or a side!out1Ge'cept in the case of the first!try serve.

After an observer, Alfred Halstead, noticed the volleying nature of the game at its first e'hibitionmatch in 7C>4, played at the International MDA &raining %chool 0now called %pringfieldDollege 1, the game )uickly became known as volleyball 0it was originally spelled as two words?volley ball 1. olleyball rules were slightly modified by the International MDA &raining

%chool and the game spread around the country to various MDAs. 66.7>, about 74,666volleyballs were distributed by the American :'peditionary Borces to their troops and allies , which sparked the growth of volleyball in new countries .

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&he first country outside the United %tates to adopt volleyball was Danada in 7>66. C6s1, in #ussia, and in othercountries including Dhina and the rest of Asia, as well as in the United %tates .4%ummer +lympics .2F, a special tournament was held at the 2@rd I+D session in %ofia, "ulgaria to support suchre)uest. &he competition was a success, and the sport was officially included in the program forthe 7>43 %ummer +lympics .F5. &he number of teams involved in the +lympic tournament has grown steadily since 7>43.%ince 7>>4, both men(s and women(s events count twelve participant nations. 43 and 7>4C. After taking bron;e in 7>43 and silver in7>4C, apan finally won the gold for men(s volleyball in 7>F5. *omen(s gold went to apan in7>43 and again in 7>F4. &hat year, the introduction of a new offensive skill, the backrow attack,allowed -oland to win the men(s competition over the %oviets in a very tight five!set match.%ince the strongest teams in men(s volleyball at the time belonged to the :astern "loc, theAmerican!led boycott of the 7>C6 %ummer +lympics did not have as great an effect on these

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-Timeline1-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-Timeline1-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyballhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-FIVB_History-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-FIVB_History-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Europehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-FIVB_Volleyball_History-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-FIVB_Volleyball_History-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-ncva-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-FIVB_History-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_volleyballhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-Timeline1-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-Timeline1-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-FIVB_History-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Organization_Volleyball_for_Disabledhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Organization_Volleyball_for_Disabledhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstration_sporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia,_Bulgariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia,_Bulgariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia,_Bulgariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-Timeline1-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-robin_tournamenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-robin_tournamenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycotthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-Timeline1-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyballhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-FIVB_History-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Europehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-FIVB_Volleyball_History-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-ncva-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-FIVB_History-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_volleyballhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-Timeline1-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-FIVB_History-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Organization_Volleyball_for_Disabledhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Organization_Volleyball_for_Disabledhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstration_sporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia,_Bulgariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-Timeline1-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-robin_tournamenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball#cite_note-12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycotthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics

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events as it had on the women(s. &he U.%.%.#. collected their third +lympic 8old Medal in men(svolleyball with a @ 7 victory over "ulgaria 0the %oviet women won that year as well, their thirdgold as well1. *ith the U.%.%.#. boycotting the 7>C3 +lympic 8ames in Los Angeles, the U.%.was able to sweep "ra;il in the finals to win the men(s gold medal. Italy won its first medal0bron;e in the men(s competition1 in 7>C3, foreshadowing a rise in prominence for theirvolleyball teams. &he 7>C3 women(s tournament was also won by a rising force, Dhina .CC 8ames , /arch /iraly and %teve &immons led the U.%. men(s team to a secondstraight gold medal, and the %oviets won the fourth gold in the women(s tournament. In 7>>5,underrated "ra;il upset favourites D.I.%., etherlands, and Italy in the men(s competition for thecountry(s first volleyball +lympic gold medal. #unner!up etherlands, men(s silver medalist in7>>5, came back under team leaders #on 9werver and +lof van der Meulen in the 7>>4 8amesfor a five!set win over Italy. A men(s bron;e medalist in 7>>4, %erbia and Montenegro 0playing in7>>4 and 5666 as the Bederal #epublic of ugoslavia1 beat #ussia in the gold medal match in

5666, winning their first gold medal ever. In all three games the strong Duban female team led by#egla &orres and Mireya Luis won the 8old medal. In 5663, "ra;il won its second men(svolleyball gold medal beating Italy in the finals, while Dhina beat #ussia for its second women(stitle. In the 566C 8ames , the U%A beat "ra;il in the men(s volleyball final. "ra;il was runner!upagain at the 5675 %ummer +lympics , this time losing to #ussia after losing two match points inthe third set.

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The court dimensionsA volleyball court is 7C m 02> ft1 long and > m 05>.2 ft1 wide, divided into > m E > m halves by aone!meter 036!inch1 wide net. &he top of the net is 5.3@ m 0C ft 6 in1 above the center of the courtfor men(s competition, and 5.53 m 0F ft 3 in1 for women(s competition, varied for veterans and

$unior competitions.

&he minimum height clearance for indoor volleyball courts is F m 05@ ft1, although a clearance of C m 054 ft1 is recommended.

A line @ m 0>.C3 ft1 from and parallel to the net is considered the attack line . &his @ meter 0or 76!foot 1 line divides the court into back row and front row areas 0also back court and front

court1. &hese are in turn divided into @ areas each? these are numbered as follows, starting fromarea 7 , which is the position of the serving player?

Rotation pattern

After a team gains the serve 0also known as siding out1, its members must rotate in a clockwisedirection, with the player previously in area 5 moving to area 7 and so on, with the playerfrom area 7 moving to area 4 . :ach player rotates only one time after the team gains

possession of the serve the ne't time each player rotates will be after the other team wins possession of the ball and loses the point.

&he team courts are surrounded by an area called the free ;one which is a minimum of @ meterswide and which the players may enter and play within after the service of the ball.

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passing over the net must pass completely between the antenna 0or their theoretical e'tensions tothe ceiling1 without contacting them.

The ballBI " regulations state that the ball must be spherical, made of leather or synthetic leather, have acircumference of 42 4F cm, a weight of 546 5C6 g and an inside pressure of 6.@6 6.@52 kgKcm 5.