MUHAMMAD SYAHFIQ BIN ISMAIL

030.08.286

Trisakti University

Answers :

1. The first 1000 days of life is a unique window of opportunity to shape healthier and more

prosperous futures. By focusing on improving nutrition for mothers and children in the first

1000 days window, we can help ensure a child can live a healthy and productive life. The

right nutrition during this 1000 days window can have a profound impact on a child’s ability

to row, learn, and rise out of poverty. It can also shape a society’s long-term health, stability

and prosperity. For infants and children under the age of two, the consequences of

undernutrition are particularly severe, irreversible and reach far into the future. During

pregnancy, undernutrition can have a devastating impact on the healthy growth and

development of a child. Babies who are malnourished in womb have a higher risk of dying in

infancy and more likely to face livelong cognitive and physical deficits and also chronic

health problems. For children under the age of two years old, undernutrition can be life-

threatening. It can weaken a child’s immune system and make him or her more

susceptibleto dying from common illness such as pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria.

Improving nutrition during the critical 1000 days window is one of the best investment we

can make to achieve lasting progress in global health and development.

2. Firstly, i will explain to married woman why they need to prepare to meet iron requirements

during their pregnancy. I will explain to them taht iron requirements increase significantly

during pregnancy as maternal blood volume increases and the baby’s blood system is

developing. Iron deficiency in pregnant women increases the risk of having a preterm or low

birth weight baby which can have negative impact on the short and long term health of the

baby. After that, i will advising them to eat foods which has the best sources of iron. The

best sources of iron comes from haem-iron found in animal foods includes lean meats,

poultry, seafood, beans and peas, and nuts and seed. For example, oyster and beef liver

have high amounts of iron. Beef, cashews, chickpeas and sardines also are good sources of

iron. Chicken, tuna and eggs also contain iron. Besides haem-iron which found in animal

foods, non-haem iron can be found in plant foods. So, i will advise them to eat more

vegetables too including dark green leafy vegetables, wholemeal bread, iron-fortified

cereals, beans and lentis. Moreover, eating foods rich in vitamin C alongside iron-rich foods

can improve iron absorption. I will also advise them to eat foods such as papayas, orange,

brocolli, strawberry, tomatoes and cabbage. Drink more juice such as orange juice and

tomatoes juice. In addition to food, iron supplements can be used to meet dietary iron

requirements. The need for iron supplementation is greatest for women who enter

pregnancy with poor iron status. I will also advise them to avoid drinking tea or coffee and

taking this supplements with meals together. Because on contrary, coffee, calcium and zinc

supplements can interfere with iron absorption.

3. The best time to introduce the supplementary feeding to infant is when they are six months

old. This is because after they reach six months old, the nutrition from breastmilk alone

cannot supply enough energy to support their growth and development. There will be an

energy gap taht should be filled by giving the children complementary foods, but still

continuing the breastfeeding until they are two years old or beyond. They energy gap will

continue to increase as the child gets older. So, complementary feeding should be start at

the age of six months old with small amounts of food and increase the quantity of food, food

consistency and variety as the child gets older while maintaining frequent breastfeeding.

4. Dietary assessment are important for assessing and monitoring food and nutrient intake and

also estimating exposure to food additives and contaminants. Besides that, dietary

assessments also important to formulating and evaluating government health and

agricultural policy. Moreover, it also also important to conducting epidemiologic research for

example relationship between diet and health. Dietary assessment is also helpful to assess

proportion of population at risk because of an inadequate nutrient intake.

5. The biomarkers that i will use to measure for vitamin A survey is retinol plasma.