2. (Hybridization) ! " #$%&""' () #$%&""' &!*) (+#$% '&'%"'( '! ! , -+! !".) %(! #$% " ,'"! &%/ 0 + '!0-1' " "!'('(' (' , . , %+ ! !2' !. ( "' / (' ' &". "( !&" &%0-1' ' !( -+2. 0-'% , , 0% , , (3*#&! %+!'% , , %(" +)$#$%-! &"'" ' (% , , ,"'/ (-/ ' % &-("4&!! .(' "0- " "!%"0- ++!'0$% ,5%( .('"0-" 5* &!%+(' .6% +5 !-'5/ & / 0-7" #$%0-' (."-0"'( , #$% 8+ &! ' .-& & &%7*,0 0$-' , 7" 104&& (- !%+!' , !' !!9 %%"0-/ .4&! ('-% " $+"3# 0%3((0..05'(+)+&%!.0-)(0&%!(0- #$% &( &%-"'/ 7+"!0-+4&!(*, 2. -. (Cloning)-. -7* !"*,0-'.('(385+3)+5+3(' &"'05 '0 !"*,0-'...0 .('7%!+0-'&%&'7'#$%(')( " " &"'0.7"')0-#$% "( "!% 5* ! " *,0-'%%+'!+ !" " % 1. " ' ! " ,'!/ ' 0+ ( %71"+." 0-'( &%%+ -" % " !''! 00" (&'1. ' ')%- :;# + )' . %2. ' % %- & -!3. 0+ ' .1 ' ""0+ -+- 3#."'/ 0&+&%" ' 5) (In!ulin) .>. (Gro"t# Hormone) 2 (ndor$#in)2. !5 0-($!5 (' &%7(!5 !'&%4!' %'!&" #( ' ! 5& .! , ."++. 0 "!3. " ,' ! 0"!+4!% ' "!+..- " . 5 4!% 11' 0-%%. + 0-(0-' %4) - "!" 8!% &%%.0$) - -&3")&. +&% "! 0-( "'! "'& "'! &%$'-*, ' "*(."( !. $%..5&%."2)*, ' !+ "! (&' "!0-0-1'!' &% $'- *,'. & -& . (Human Genome) 0' . (Genome) -7* -- !" .-* . -7* ') ,-05-* 5 !" %& 0-) ,-!'(-')"(- - %("'''(%. & '!0#."' / 7' ' .% "+ .%( &%.%"(. #!-++ (Gene )#era$y) &(!" +' (.0'&++ 7 ((405+ !" , / ." ' ('7." "' 7) "( %') !+." , +'" ,') .!3"%0'("(0(!5* ('#0 / & !(! 7)"&"'' (0( 5* !-!!' 0'(0(! , %- "." *,40'(( &"' #!! , ')0 ,' , 5* %"+9"'(*. ( &' "!!4 ')! ' "&>& %- &%&+ 7 !- , 0-7)*,0(*, 7*&!'!3!%%. '"'# &"' 7(00 -!%%!0-.#('-"' GMOs (genetically modifed organisms)G+,! "!'!' genetically modi-ed organi!m! " ! ! &!' -)-!!' - &!- 4#((!' . !" (&-"&"'. (D/0) %+*, -' !- (gene) &% !" !' , "! -( $% , ."4$? G+,! ' 0')0"--&% "!+ ' &5 &"' G+,! '!0-1' (+'!7*0 +& 0-" ! G+,! 0%!'++"!&!('!' &%73*#%+ *,(- ! (generation) .0! !'3*#0"! 5* &"'% !"! %%!!!' modi1y -7* +&"'-& &% modi-ed -!!' (++&"'-&(+&! &"' 0$ ..!40-' , ,-7*&-"&"' *,.# 0! !3!' , (5* %'!7* "'() '!! ' + ! &% (breeding) &% &.@ # &"' ('7!' ( , G+,! #( & "!." &"' )'!0- &"'%"(.+*, , %'0-&% &')40"" ""' , .0.. !' .!3! (genetic engineering). 5* '!-* ..!4 (biotec#nology) '!(!'! , .%( "." & ! &!) #$%"!"5* "0! %(." !' , . -"!0-'-0 +')&!!' $#$% (trait!) "' " " ! , "! - ( (&!'!0'0...5 405 1. 0-0-' !"'4&! ' "'3") -!70 "3") ' , (! , &+ &3") -&&"'A'&&%+! -0+$ & ,! 2. 0-0-' +"-%&'+# ! 0-7')(!&%' ( %%(.(' ' ' %3 -&%&"' (' , & &%+ ('-% (7*)+.4 !"#$ 1. 0-1 -( $+" *, 0.4 ' -%! !"5 *, -( 0-1'*,!' 0-!' #$%-' , $'$4 (2uality trait!)2. 0-0-'/ $'0$ ' (-!(%+0-' )'&!' 0-1'!' &( -!!' 5* 7!' 2uality trait! ' %&'1. !".(0-0 &%'!0-(*,!'0-" "" !"7+ 4#" ' 7 !- -"!*7) 0- 0&' 2. &! G+,! - 0')0 + ,0"-- ' (5 00" , &%( -(5(.5 00"&&+ ,- "4$? ( G+,! &% !&!3. "! 5 - / 0"- + ,!0 G+,! &+ , , (' , , !! '!%+->. "'# ( )!' 1. +"7 3")( "0 +3")% 7*('"0 0-4!%"' &! *,0+3") &%""'#" *,#6 '-' , 0$2. -+!'+&% !-- 0-*,&! 9 G+,! '0- !--!4*,' #$%'(+0-.&(0 !"--*,*!* GMOs '( !"#$1. - G+,! , " ' '!!' %.34)ryto$#an +# 5#o"a Den6o 0-)+.40-