4B1Spreeman

8/12/2019 4B1Spreeman

1/33

Confidential and Proprietary

Jon

athan Spreeman LEED AP

Product Support Manager CenTraVac

Centrifugal Chillers, LaCrosse, WI

Evaluating Chiller &

Chiller Plant Efficiency


2/33


Energy Efficiency Guidelines

Efficiency

Doing the Right Thing, Driving to Lower Carbon Footprints


3/33


ASHRAE 90.1 Minimum Requirements for Chillers

> 300 Ton Water-Cooled

(centrifugal chillers)

Full Load

IPLV (Part Load)

0.576 kW/Ton

0.549 kW/Ton

6.10 COP

6.40 COP@ AHRI Conditions

Understanding the Requirements for Minimum Efficiency

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2007
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/AHRI%20Conditions.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/AHRI%20Conditions.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/AHRI%20Conditions.ppt


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ASHRAE 90.1 - 2007

Further Changes to the Standard Coming this Year

Addendum M changes hit at the start of this year

Where do they stand with your local code?


5/33


Lift Versus Load

lift

lvg evaporator water

lvg condenser water

lift Pcnd Pevp

lift Tlvg cnd Tlvg evp

(T)60F


6/33


ASHRAE 90.1 - 2007

Further Changes to the Standard Coming this Year

Addendum M changes hit at the start of this year

Where do they stand with your local code?


7/33Confidential and Proprietary

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2007 (Addendum M)

TonnageRange

Path A Path B

FullChange

(%) IPLVChange

(%) FullChange

(%) IPLVChange

(%)

< 150 0.634 9.9% 0.596 11.0% 0.639 9.2% 0.450 32.8%

150 < 300 0.634 0.0% 0.596 0.0% 0.639 -0.8% 0.450 24.5%

300 < 600 0.576 0.0% 0.549 0.0% 0.600 -4.1% 0.400 27.2%

600 0.570 1.1% 0.539 1.9% 0.590 -2.3% 0.400 27.2%

Is This Moving Our Industry to Better Efficiencies?

Both full and part load efficiencies are required

with or without VSD (ASHRAE 6.4.1.1-2004)


8/33Confidential and Proprietary6/16/2010 8

Where multiple rating conditions or performancerequirements are provided, the equipment shall satisfy all

stated requirements, unless otherwise exempted by

footnotes in the table

from ASHRAE 90.1-2004,

Section 6.2.1, Mechanical Equipment Efficiency

VFDs and centrifugal chillers

If a frequency conversion device or motor starter is

furnished as part of the compressor circuit, the compressor

power input shall be measured at the input terminals of the

frequency converter or motor starter

from AHRI 550/590-1998

The Truth to some Claims


9/33Confidential and ProprietaryUnderstand the Background of Integrated Part Load Value

AHRI Standard 550/590

ASHRAE 90.1 uses IPLV to define theminimum part-load value

What is the scope of IPLV use?

How is the equation defined?

What are the assumptions behind the

equation?

How does it hold up comparing multiple

chillers in a plant?

What other factors should we be awareabout?



Temperatures: Expected Entering Tower Water

AHRI Conditions: Chilled Water: 54 /44F (12/7C)

Condenser Water: 3 GPM/Ton (0.054 L/S/kW)

What Does this Really Mean?


Derivation of Integrated Part Load Value (IPLV)

How is the equation defined?

What are the assumptions behind the

equation?



AHRI Definition ofIntegrated Part Load Value (IPLV/NPLV)

Temperatures: Expected Entering Tower Water

AHRI Conditions: Chilled Water: 54 /44F (12/7C)

Condenser Water: 3 GPM/Ton (0.054 L/S/kW)

A = kW/Ton @ 85F(30C) @ 100% Load

B = kW/Ton @ 75F(24C) @ 75% Load

C = kW/Ton @ 65F(18C) @ 50% Load

D = kW/Ton @ 65F(18C) @ 25% Load

1IPLV =1%

A42%

B

12%

D+ ++

45%

C

42%

75 (24C)

1% 85F(30C)

Real World Chillers Operate at Real World Conditions

57%

65 (18C)




0.3

0.6

0.9

1.2

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

kW/ton

Load

Selection:800ton@4

2/56~85&2.5gpm

/ton

kW/ton

Chiller with Drive

AHRI Relief

Centrifugal Chillers with Drives:

Impact of Drive vs. Constant Speed

What is

AHRI Relief

Drive-Equipped Chiller Standard AHRI Relief
http://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/DR_12AHRIRelief.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/DR_12AHRIRelief.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/DR_12AHRIRelief.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/DR_12AHRIRelief.pps



0.3

0.6

0.9

1.2

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

kW/ton

Load

Selection:800ton@4

2/56~85&2.5gpm

/ton

Same Chiller with Relief & Constant 85F

kW/ton

Constant Condenser 85F

Chiller with Drive

AHRI Relief

Centrifugal Chillers with Drives:

Impact of Drive vs. Constant Speed



Derivation of Integrated Part Load Value (IPLV)

What is the scope of IPLV use?

Average Part-Load Efficiency for a Single Chiller ONLY




Chiller Plant Loading

100908070605040302010

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

CHILLER

LOAD%

SYSTEM LOAD %

Single Chiller PlantTwo Chiller Plant



Three Chiller PlantIPLV not Accurate in Evaluating Multi-Chiller Applications

100908070605040302010

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

CHILLER

LOAD%

SYSTEM LOAD %

IPLV assumes that 57% of operating hours of the chiller

are at 50% load or less

In most multi chiller applications only one chiller runs less

than 50% load, and this occurs only when the entire chillerplant is unloaded to less than 16.7% capacity.

Chiller Plant Loading



55F(13C) 60F(16C) 65F(18C) 70F(21C) 75F(24C) 80F(27C) 85F(30C)

Chicago (One Chiller Plant)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Entering Condenser Water Temp

ChillerLo

ad(%)

40% of Operation(IPLV = 12%)

33% of Operation

(IPLV = 42%)

4% of Operation

(IPLV = 45%)

23% of Operation

(IPLV = 1%)

Custom Analysis versus Generic NPLV Estimates

Number of Chillers

2 3 411

IPLV =

1%

A42%

B

12%

D+ ++

45%

C

Other Maps

Where Does Your Plant Run?

Real World Comparisons
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/12_Map.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/12_Map.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/IPLV_Maps/Chicago2-4.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/IPLV_Maps/Chicago2-4_alone.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/IPLV_Maps/Chicago2-4_alone.ppshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/12_Map.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/12_Map.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/12_Map.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/IPLV_Maps/Chicago2-4_alone.ppshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/IPLV_Maps/Chicago2-4_alone.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/IPLV_Maps/Chicago2-4.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/IPLV_Maps/Chicago2-4_alone.ppshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/IPLV_Maps/Chicago2-4_alone.ppshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/ASHRAE%20Preso/IPLV_Maps/Chicago2-4_alone.ppt


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Chicago (Two Chiller Plant)



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

ChillerLo

ad(%)


29% of Operation

(IPLV = 42%)

9% of Operation

(IPLV = 45%)

41% of Operation

(IPLV = 1%)

Number of Chillers

211

IPLV =

1%

A42%

B

12%

D+ ++

45%

C

3 4

55F(13C) 60F(16C) 65F(18C) 70F(21C) 75F(24C) 80F(27C) 85F(30C)


http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/_MasterCTVPreso_Global.ppshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/_MasterCTVPreso_Global.ppshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5//SRV-LBU-DATA/MKTNG/Geister/_MasterCTVPreso_Global.pps


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Chicago (Three Chiller Plant)



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

ChillerLo

ad(%)


26% of Operation

(IPLV = 42%)

9% of Operation

(IPLV = 45%)

53% of Operation

(IPLV = 1%)

Number of Chillers

3 4

1IPLV =

1%

A42%

B

12%

D+ ++

45%

C

1 2

55F(13C) 60F(16C) 65F(18C) 70F(21C) 75F(24C) 80F(27C) 85F(30C)




20/33


Chicago (Four Chiller Plant)



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

ChillerLo

ad(%)


24% of Operation

(IPLV = 42%)

7% of Operation

(IPLV = 45%)

62% of Operation

(IPLV = 1%)

1IPLV =

1%

A42%

B

12%

D+ ++

45%

C

Number of Chillers

421 3

55F(13C) 60F(16C) 65F(18C) 70F(21C) 75F(24C) 80F(27C) 85F(30C)




21/33


Efficiency Comparison:

Index Ratings vs. Real-World

Note: Chicago location includes graphs for a 1, 2, 3 & 4 chiller plant

All other locations include graphs for a 2 chiller plant

Houston

Dallas

Ottawa

Boston

Sao Paulo

Seattle

Los Angeles

Mexico City

Beijing

Shanghai

Taipei

Hong Kong

Tokyo

New Delhi

Dubai

Bangkok

Miami

Vancouver

Washington, D. C.

Atlanta

Denver

Caracas

Cairo

Cape Town

Hanoi

HoChiMinh

Jerusalem

Kansas City

London Moscow

Mumbai

Paris

Phoenix

Riyadh

Rome

Singapore

Warsaw

Melbourne

Perth

Sydney

Chicago Seoul
http://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Houston.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Dallas.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Ottawa.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Boston.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Sao%20Paulo.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Seattle.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Los%20Angeles.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Mexico%20City.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Beijing.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Shanghai.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Taipei.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Hong%20Kong.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Tokyo.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/New%20Delhi.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Dubai.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Bangkok.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Miami.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Vancouver.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/WashingtonDC.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/atlanta.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/denver.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/caracas.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/cairo.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/capetown.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Hanoi.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/hochiminh.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/jerusalem.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/KansasCity.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/london.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/moscow.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/mumbai.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/paris.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/phoenix.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/riyadh.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/rome.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/singapore.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/warsaw.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/melbourne.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/perth.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/sydney.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/ChicagoAll.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Seoul.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Seoul.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/ChicagoAll.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/sydney.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/perth.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/melbourne.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/warsaw.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/singapore.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/rome.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/riyadh.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/phoenix.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/paris.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/mumbai.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/moscow.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/london.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/KansasCity.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/jerusalem.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/hochiminh.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Hanoi.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/capetown.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/cairo.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/caracas.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/denver.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/atlanta.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/WashingtonDC.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Vancouver.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Miami.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Bangkok.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Dubai.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/New%20Delhi.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Tokyo.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Hong%20Kong.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Taipei.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Shanghai.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Beijing.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Mexico%20City.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Los%20Angeles.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Seattle.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Sao%20Paulo.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Boston.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Ottawa.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Dallas.ppshttp://c/Documents%20and%20Settings/lampr/Desktop/IPLV_Maps/Houston.pps


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Mexico City (Two Chiller Plant)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

55 60 65 70 75 80 85


ChillerLoa

d(%)




48% of Operation

(IPLV = 42%)

15% of Operation

(IPLV = 45%)

23% of Operation

(IPLV = 1%)

55F(13C) 60F(16C) 65F(18C) 70F(21C) 75F(24C) 80F(27C) 85F(30C)




23/33


Dubai (Two Chiller Plant)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

55 60 65 70 75 80 85


ChillerLoad

(%)




27% of Operation

(IPLV = 42%)

2% of Operation

(IPLV = 45%)

65% of Operation

(IPLV = 1%)

55F(13C) 60F(16C) 65F(18C) 70F(21C) 75F(24C) 80F(27C) 85F(30C)




24/33


Hong Kong (Two Chiller Plant)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

55 60 65 70 75 80 85


ChillerLoa

d(%)




18% of Operation

(IPLV = 42%)

5% of Operation

(IPLV = 45%)64% of Operation

(IPLV = 1%)

55F(13C) 60F(16C) 65F(18C) 70F(21C) 75F(24C) 80F(27C) 85F(30C)




25/33


Los Angeles(Two Chiller Plant)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

55 60 65 70 75 80 85


ChillerLoa

d(%)




43% of Operation

(IPLV = 42%)

15% of Operation

(IPLV = 45%)

19% of Operation

(IPLV = 1%)

55F(13C) 60F(16C) 65F(18C) 70F(21C) 75F(24C) 80F(27C) 85F(30C)




26/33


IPLV/NPLV Good or Bad?

Neither It is a Rating Point


27/33


28/33


29/33


History of Chiller Performance

8.0

ASHRAE Standard 90.1

Chillerefficie

ncy,

COP

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

bestavailable

Centrifugal>600 tons

Screw150-300 tons

Scroll


30/33


optimized control strategies

Chiller-Tower Optimization

100

200

300

400

72 74 76 78 80 82 84

leaving tower water temperature, F

chiller+towere

nergy,

kW

total kW

chiller kW

tower kW

optimalset-point


31/33


Always, Always Remember

The Meter is On The BUILDING

TRACE

700

EnergyPlus

Building Energy

Analysis Tool

Total System Efficiency Versus Chiller-Only Optimization

Real Paybacks Require Real Analysis

H.A.P. v4.5

& Q
http://doe2.com/DOE2/index.html


32/33


The Meter is on the building!

Wrap-up & Questions

95% the Chiller Life-cycle cost is ENERGY!

ASHRAE Journal,

A Closer Look at Chiller Ratings December 2009


33/33

Evaluating Chiller &

Chiller Plant Efficiency

Jonathan Spreeman LEED AP

Product Support Manager CenTraVac

Centrifugal Chillers, LaCrosse, WI

4B1Spreeman

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