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212 VON HILDEBRAND, DIETRICH

The fulfilled volition is the action itself. There are intermediate stages

offulfillment that are possible. For example, an agent can desire an end,the attainment of which can only be reached in stages and over an

extended period of time. If one decides, for example, to lose weight, say

20 pounds, the loss of the first two pounds fulfills in part that intention.

In this case, the empty intention or the partly empty-partly fulfilled

intention takes on the form of resolve. Resolve can also involve willing

impossible ends, say, world peace, but the resolve can be partially fulfilled

in those actions that contribute to world peace even if they do not fully

realize it.

VON HILDEBRAND, DIETRICH (18891977). Having begun his studies

at the University of Munich under Theodor Lipps, von Hildebrand became

associated with the group of students and philosophers who made up the

M unich Circle, especially Max Scheler. Von Hildebrand studied at

Gttingen from 1909 to 1911 with H usserl and Adolf Reinach . He

completed his dissertation in 1912 under Husserl, but he was probably

more indebted for his philosophical outlook to Reinach. Von Hildebrands

major works are in ethics and social philosophy, and he was concerned to

articulate a view of religious values that had been formed by his deep

commitment to Catholicism to which he had converted in 1914. An active

opponent of Nazism, he was forced to flee Germany to Austria and then

to France. At each stop, he was forced to flee again as the Nazi conquest

widened. He finally went to the United States in 1940, where he taught at

Fordham University in New York City from 1941 to 1960.

W

WEIERSTRASS, KARL (18151897). Weierstrass was appointed to the

chair in mathematics at the University of Berlin in 1857. Husserl studied

there with Weierstrass from 18781881 and again, after completing his

dissertation at Vienna, for part of 1883. Weierstrass was concerned with

the foundations of mathematics and sought to ground mathematics

axiomatically. To that end, Weierstrass developed mathematical defini-

tions of some central mathematical concepts, such as continuity, limit, and

derivative.

WHOLE. A whole is defined in terms of its moments and their founding

relations. More precisely, a whole is a set ofparts orcontents united by

a single, although possibly complex, foundation without the help of

additional, non-essential parts or contents. Hence, every part or content