*

Shu-Miaw Chaw

PhD Tulane Univ. New Orleans) 1985 2009- 2000 Cloning, characterization and evolution of terpene synthase genes in endemic gymnosperms Genomic approach to discovering novel fragrance-related genes On-going projects : II. Genes targeted for defense and ecological signals I. Organellar genome evolution of seed plants Evolution of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes: Insight into phylogeny of gymnosperms :

1000 / 25,000 Encepharlotos

~ 450 MYA~ 400420 MYA~ 440MYAKenrick & Crane 1997Angiosperms & Gymnosperms

*Plant Cell : ATP

Chloroplasts

A typical plant cell might contain as many as 50 chloroplasts Made up of 3 types of membrane:1. An outer membrane which is freely permeable to molecules. 2. An inner membrane which contains many transporters: integral membrane proteins that regulate the in and out of small molecules, like sugars proteins

3. A system of thylakoid membranes

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Chloroplasts.html

(Global Distribution of Photosynthesis (ocean & land)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis)MaxMinMinMax

*Genome size: 163,403 bpLSC: 90,216 bpSSC: 23,039 bpIR: 25,074 bp169 genes: 123 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes, 38 tRNA genesAT content: 60.5 %Characteristics of the C. taitungensis cpDNApseudo-tufA geneWu et al. 2007 MBE

2011/7/29 - http://gm.coa.gov.tw/web/content/news/ews FDA FDAAquaBounty TechnologiesAquAd-vantage SalmonFDA2010AquAdva (Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research)IPSOS-Eureka Social Research Institute

- 20091220107- 1,024 20072010

83%82%

2007:43%, 2010: 48%

77%70% 69%63%

2011/7/29 - http://gm.coa.gov.tw/web/content/news

111

126

and it is certain, as I have myself found, that true seed may be saved during at least several generations from distinct varieties growing close together. Under these circumstances, Mr. Fitch raised, as he informs me, one variety for twenty years, which always came true. (Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. First edition, first issue. Volume 1.Page 329.) 10-20

(Synonyms): (Genetically modified organism, GMO) (Genetically engineered organism, GEO) Making transgenic plants :

http://microbiology.scu.edu.tw

http://palmer-dna-technology-wikis.wikispaces.com/Ashley+Vance

http://www.scq.ubc.ca/the-new-macdonald-pharm/

http://epaper.life.nchu.edu.tw/view/?attachment_id=417

(beta-carotene),A (provitamin-A), A (vitamin A, retinol) .(Golden Rice) May 31, 2000

1. 2 (daffodil) ; 1 3(beta-carotene) ; A(provitamin-A),

2.(Insect Resistance) (Bacillus thuringiensis) . ,, .3. (Disease Resistance) (resistance against plant viruses), : ,,. 4. (Herbicide Resistance) (.5.(Salt Tolerance) , ,(excess sodium)

(genes for proteins),1.DNA.2.:*(HIV)*(respiratory syncytial virus, RSV) *(sperm) (possible contraceptive) *(herpes simplex virus, HSV), 3. (vaccines) (Protein antigens)4.(enzyme): (lysozyme) (trypsin)(Biopharmaceuticals)

7.5(75 million acres)

2.5.

2002 (Risk assessment)-

Percent of acreage

Canola (Papaya) (Summer squash) (Potato) (Tomato) (Sweet corn)X

(GE), : 60-70% (, .

, : , .

(B.t. toxin) .

? ,(bioreactor), (insulin)(anticoagulants). (cloned life forms)(antibiotics),(anesthetics), (anticoagulant),(vaccines)(hormone)?(mass produce genetically identical trnasgenic subjects), .?(Animal cloning)(quantity and quality of various foods).

? : (,,,) () ;(,);. : .

(process of evolution) ,. (zoonoses)? (prions)? (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, CJD) (Mad Cow disease), ?

,Ethical Positions on Animal Cloning

,

http://www.tari.org.tw/GMO

1. 2. 3. 4.

1. 2. 3. 4.

,

2011/7/29 - http://gm.coa.gov.tw/web/content/news

2011/08/05 15:00

(Global Distribution of Photosynthesis (ocean & land)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis)MaxMinMinMax

***1999 International Botanical Congresss the Top news of angiosperm evolution (4 genes) Amborella is the most primitive taxon..**

Reliable fossil records have indicated that the terrestrialization of plant occurred at 450 Myr ago.Trachophytes evolved around 440 myr ago.Euphyllophytes evolved at 400 420 Myr ago.

embryophyt*There are two organelles in the plant cells that have their own genomes.*An inner membrane which contains many transporters: integral membrane proteins that regulate the passages (in and out ) of small molecules, like sugars and proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm of the cell but used within the chloroplasts*Areas where conifer forests are dominant show high levels of photosynthesis.In Taiwan Conifers 58%, Conifer forest 31%****Areas where conifer forests are dominant show high levels of photosynthesis.In Taiwan Conifers 58%, Conifer forest 31%