History :

-Owner complain (chicken or turkey with Orange or bloody

diarrhea)

-Age: common at ages more than 2 weeks.

-Housing: bad litter (high moisture – wetted litter)

Case number 1

1

Intestinal wall shows

Red and whitespots

Liver is normal

2

Blood inside cecum

Normal liver

3

Report includes :

•External examination : ………….

•PM examination : ……………..

•Intestinal smear : …………..

•Diagnosis: ……………….

•Treatment: ……………………

4

External examination:

•Ruffled feather

•Pale comb and wattle

•Bloody diarrhea soiling vent feather

PM examination:

•Presence of red and white spots appear from serosa and

mucosa of the intestine, Blood inside small intestine (E.

necatrix ).

•Bloody caecal content (E. tenella)

•Only affect intestine not affect liver.

Direct intestinal smear:

Presence of schizont and oocyst.5

Diagnosis

1-Intestinal coccidiosis : (blood inside intestine)

2 – Caecal coccidosis : ( blood inside caecum)

6

Treatment:•Correct bad management (change wetted litter) and replace with dry litter.

• Administration of anticoccidial on drinking water:

a-Amprolium 1gm / liter 3-5 days or

b-Toltrazuril 1ml / liter for 1-2 days or

c- Mixture of sulphonamide and amprolium :

Amprolium 2 volume

Sulphaquinoxaline 1 volume

Sulphadimidine 1 volume

Vit K 1 volume

•Put 2 gm from the mixture / 1liter of water for 3 days …… 2 days of rest then

another 2 days of treatment. (To avoid kidney nephrosis)

•Contraindicated to use sulphonamides in birds under one month of age …..

(to avoid kidney nephrosis) also contraindicated to use sulphonamides in layer

and breeder chickens …… (to avoid inactive ovary).

7

History :

-Owner complain (chicken, turkey or duck with yellow

brown diarrhea)

-Age: common at all ages.

-Housing: bad litter (high moisture – wetted litter)

Case number 2

8

Sloughing of intestinal mucosa

Intestine is velvet like in appearance

9

Congested liver

-Ballooning of intestine

- congested Blood vs

10

External examination:

•Ruffled feather •Yellowish brown diarrhea•Congested comb and wattle.

PM examination:

•Thickening and fissuring of intestinal wall•ballooning of intestine •sloughing of intestinal mucosa•congested muscles, liver, kidney

11

Diagnosis

Necrotic enteritis (clostridium perfringens)

12

Treatment:

•Correct bad management, replace wet litter with dry litter.

•Thirsting of birds ( 4 hours in winter and 2 hours in summer )

•Give amoxicillin or ampicillin or Bacitracin Methylene

Disalicylate (BMD) in drinking water.

•Use anti-clostridial on ration.

•Control of coccidiosis (predisposing factor for clostridial

infection)

13

History :

-Owner complain (chicken, turkey with respiratory signs;

coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge)

-Age: common at 2 weeks or more.

-Housing: bad ventilation (high ammonia)

Case number 3

14

Fibrinous perihepatitis

15

Fibrinouspericarditis

Fibrinousperihepatitis

16

External examination:

•Ruffled feather •Nasal discharge •conjunctivitis

PM examination:

•Presence of fibrinous membrane on liver, heart, airsacs : Fibrinous pericarditis Fbrinous perihepatitis Fibrinous airsaculitis•Congested lung.•Congested liver

17

Diagnosis

(CCRD) chronic complicated respiratory disease :E.coli and mycoplasma + bad managment

18

Treatment:

1. Correct bad management ( improve ventilation )

2. Antibiotic sensitivity to know the most sensitive antibiotic.

3. Common antibiotics

A- Streptomycin and gentamicin injection

- Or Lincomycin and spectinomycin injection

B- Doxycycline or tylosin on drinking water

19

History :

-Owner complain: Chicks huddle together, high mortality.

-Age: common at 1st week of age.

-Housing: low temperature.

Case number 4

20

Moist inflamed navel

21

Congested yolk sac

22

External examination:

1. Ruffled feather, huddle together.

2. Nasal discharge

3. conjunctivitis

PM examination:

1. Persistent yolk sac more than 72 hours (not absorbed)

2. Yolk sac distended, congested, abnormal color and smell.

3. Congested muscles, liver, kidney.

23

Diagnosis

Yolk sac infection: Caused by (E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, staph, strept, clostridium )

24

Treatment:

•Correct bad management ( low temperature,

contaminated hatchery, dirty eggs).

•Injection of antibiotic :

1. Streptomycin 100mg / kg live body weight

2. Gentamycin 5mg / kg l b wt

3. Enrofluxacin 10 mg / kg l b wt

25

History :

-Owner complain: chicken with profuse yellow white watery

diarrhea) high morbidity up to 100% – Mortality highest at

3rd by the ninth day no mortality.

-Age: common at 4- 8 weeks of age.

-Housing: sharp drop in temperature inside the house.

Case number 5

26

Enlarged bursa of fabricus

Kidney nephrosis

27

Echymotic and Peticheal

hemorrhage in thigh muscles

28

Peripheral area of infarction

29

Hemorrhage between

proventriculus and gizzard

Hemorrhage and Enlargement of bursa of fabrics

30

External examination:

•Ruffled feather •Profuse Yellowish white watery diarrhea•Congested comb and wattle.

PM examination:

•Hemorrhage in muscles, S/C•Hemorrhage and enlargement in bursa of fabricious.•Swollen kidney with urate deposition in ureters (kidney

nephrosis)•Hemorrhage in proventriculus•Hemorrhage between proventriculus and gizzard.•Liver shows peripheral area of infarction

31

Diagnosis

Infectious Bursal Disease ( Gumbro disease )

32

Treatment:

1. Correct bad management (sharp drop in

temperature) ….. rise temperature inside house.

2. Renal wash ( potassium citrate gm / liter)

3. Immune stimulant (vit E. + Selenium 1ml / 2

liter )

4. Local acting antibiotic ( neomycin 1 gm / liter) to

avoid any side effect to liver or kidney.

5. Vit k (1gm / liter ) to help stop bleeding. 33

History :

-Owner complain: affect (all species) birds suffer

emaciation, ruffled feather & weakness.

-Age: common at age more than 2 months of age.

-Ration : contaminated green food

Case number 6

34

Round worm ex ascaris

35

Segmented worms = cestodes

36

External examination:

•Ruffled feather •Emaciated pectoral muscles on palpation

PM examination:

PM : 1. In case of cestodes (segmented worm inside intestine)2. In case of nematodes (round worms) 3. Emaciated carcass

37

Diagnosis

1. Nemtode infestation ( round worm inside intestine)

2. Cestode infestation (segmented worm inside intestine)

38

Treatment:

1. Thirsting of birds ( 4 hours in winter and 2 hours

in summer )

2. Piperazine citrate for treatment of nematodes

3. Yomesan for treatment of cestodes

4. Repeat the dose again after 1 month.

39

History :

-Owner complain: chickens + decrease in egg production

-Age: common in grower and mature chickens

Case number 7

40

Congested

41

External examination:

• Anorexia

• Ruffled feather

• Whitish diarrhea

• Decrease in egg production

• Pale and shrunken comb.

PM examination:

Ovary (Congested, Flaccid, pedunculated, ruptured ova)

42

Diagnosis

Fowl typhoid (salmonella gallinarum)

43

Treatment:

1. Florphenicol 1ml / liter for 3-5 days or

Enrofluxacin 1ml / liter for 3-5 days.

2. Colstin and flumequin on drinking water gm/ liter

for 3-5 days.

44

History :

-Owner complain: (young chicks 1-2 weeks ) huddle together.

Whitish pasty diarrhea on vent area.

-Age: common at first week of age

Case number 8

45

Nodules in lung tissue

46

Nodules in heart

47

Inflamed swollen joint

48

External examination:

• Chicks huddle together .

• Whitish diarrhea

PM examination:

1. Nodules and Congestion in lung

2. Nodules and Congestion in heart

3. Congested visceral organs (septicemia)

49

Diagnosis

Pullorum disease (Salmonella pullorum)

50

Treatment:

1. Florphenicol 1ml / liter for 3-5 days or

Enrofluxacin 1ml / liter for 3-5 days.

2. Colstin and flumequin on drinking water gm/ liter

for 3-5 days.

51

History :

-Owner complain: (young duckling 1- 3 weeks ) huddle

together. Lay on back and paddling with their legs(keel

disease) .

-Age: common at first week of age

Case number 9

52

Bronzy liver

53

External examination:

• Duckling huddle together .

• Whitish diarrhea

PM examination:

1. Bronzy liver

2. Cheesy cecal cores

3. Congested visceral organs (septicemia)

54

Diagnosis

Paratyphoid disease : caused by

(Salmonella typhimurium & S. enteritidis )

55

Treatment:

1. Florphenicol 1ml / liter for 3-5 days or

Enrofluxacin 1ml / liter for 3-5 days.

2. Colstin and flumequin on drinking water gm/ liter

for 3-5 days.

56

History :

-Owner complain: (chicken or duck with whitish diarrhea) + anorexia, inactive. -Age: common all ages

Case number 10

57

Congested and Friable liver

58

External examination:

• Whitich diarrhea

PM examination:

1. Friable liver 2. Subcapsular hg in liver 3. Swollen kidney with urate deposition ( kidney

nephrosis) 4. Enteritis 5. Congested visceral organs

59

Diagnosis

Mycotoxicosis

60

Treatment:

1.Replace ration with new one.

2.Administration of antimycotoxin on drinking water

ex Cynertox 1ml / liter.

3.Administration of antimycotoxin on ration

Ex toxynil dry .5 – 1 kg / ton of ration.

1. potassium citrate (Diuretic) gm/ liter

2.Heparenol (hepatic tonic and diuretic ) 1ml / liter .

61

History :

-Owner complain ( distended crop ) crop impaction

Ration : bad ration ( moldy ration )

Case number 11

62

1- Thickening of crop mucosa. 2- pseudo membrane formation 3 – whitish circular formations4 – corrugation of crop mucosa

63

1- Thickening of crop mucosa. 2- pseudo membrane formation 3 – whitish circular formations4 – corrugation of crop mucosa

64

External examination:

• Bad smell and distended crop.

PM examination:

1. Thickening of crop mucosa.

2. White raised circular formations.

3. Curdy pseudomembranone easily

detached.

4. Crop mucosa shows severe

corrugations to mild whitish streaks.

65

Diagnosis

Candidiasis ( sour crop ) = thrush

66

Treatment:

1. Remove moldy ration.

2. Add cupper sulphate 1gm / 2 liter of

water / 5-7 days.

67

History :

-Owner complain (at young ages respiratory signs

(snuffles)– or adult female rabbit (doe) suffer abortion.

(nervous signs incase of otitis media )

-Age: common at ages more than 2 months.

-Housing: bad ventilation, seasonal changes (in March,

September).

Case number 12

68

Rabbit lung shows

abscess formation

69

Torticollis due to otitis media

70

- Complete the report :

•External examination : ………….

•PM examination : ……………..

•Intestinal smear : …………..

•Diagnosis: ……………….

•Treatment: ……………………

71

External examination:

•Respiratory signs in young

•Purulent Vaginal discharge and abortion in adult.

•Torticollis (in case of otitis media)

PM examination:

•Abscess formation in lung

•Purulent discharge inside uterus

•Congested liver

•Abscess formation in S/C tissue.

72

Diagnosis

Pasteurellosis in rabbit (Pasteurellamultocida.)

73

Treatment:

•Correct bad management (improve ventilation).

•Antibiotic injection :

-Streptomycin 100mg / kg live b wt

-Enrofluxacin 10 mg / kg live b wt

-Vaccination :

Use formalized vaccine 0.5 ml / kg l b wt repeat every three

months, route S/C.

74

History :

-Owner complain (sudden high mortality in ages more than

2 months )

-Age: common at ages more than 2 months.

-Housing: bad ventilation, seasonal changes (in March,

September).

Case number 13

75

Rabbit suffers

epistaxis

76

Haemorrhagicpneumonia

77

- Complete the report :

•External examination : ………….

•PM examination : ……………..

•Intestinal smear : …………..

•Diagnosis: ……………….

•Treatment: ……………………

78

External examination:

•Epistaxis

PM examination:

•Free blood inside the trachea.

•Free blood inside thorax = hemothorax

•Haemorrhagic pneomonia

79

Diagnosis

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD)

80

Treatment:

•Only supportive treatment :

•Immune stimulant : ex Vit E + Selenium 1ml / 2 liter

•Vit K 1gm / liter

-Prevention :

Vaccination using oil adjuvant vaccine 0.5 ml / rabbit repeat

every 6 months, route S/C.

81