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Transcript of unit 3 - TD
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TRAINING METHODS
&TECHNIQUES
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Role playing
Business games
In basket techniques
Laboratory training
Programmed instruction
Case studies
Seminars
GD
Lecture
Brainstorming
Mind mapping
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Role playing
Trainees act out characters assigned to them.
Information regarding the situation is providedto the trainees.
Outcomes depend on the emotional (andsubjective) reactions of the other trainees.
The more meaningful the exercise, the higherthe level of participant focus and intensity.
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Types of role play
Simple role play (the group performs beforean audience who evaluate the exercise).
Multiple role play (group is divided intovarious sub groups which play the rolessimultaneously working on same situation).
Reverse role play (used when 2 participantshave reached an intractable situation in theirdiscussion ,they are asked to change roles).
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Spontaneous role play (during a lecture orbefore it , to demonstrate a particular situation)
Some guidelines
Identify the problem
Develop structure for role play
Assign roles to the participants
Develop material for exercise
Setting the scene
Setting rules
Role briefs
Observers sheet
Making physical arrangements for exerxise
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BUSINESS GAMES
These are the types of simulators that try topresent the way an industry , org functions.
The trainees are given some information thatdescribes a particular situation and then they
are asked to make decisions that will best suitin the favour of the company.
And then the system provides the feedbackabout the impact of their decisions. On basisof feedback they are asked to make decisionsagain.
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Trainees are given some info about the role to beplayed like description , responsibilities.
Trainee is given a log of materials that make upthe in basket and asked to respond to materials
within a particular time period.
After all the trainees complete the in basket , a
discussion with the trainer takes place.
Now the trainee describes the justification for thedecisions.
IN BASKET TECHNIQUE
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This technique focuses on -
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LABORATORY TRAINING
To achieve proper result the group is isolated
from its normal routine.
no of participants 12 to 15
Using resources of others and acting like a
resource for others.
Changes through this are more permanent.
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Factors affecting Lab Training:
The here & now focus (immediate experience)
The there & then focus (focus on situation
away from lab where the trainee are likely to
work)
Focus on self as change agent.
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Conditions for lab training
Willingness to be a part of lab. Honest approach
Feedback.
Conducive envt.
Changes that have potential for application
Participants ability to learn from experience
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Programmed Instruction
It involves the self pace learning.
It includes only the trainee and the system. No
physical trainer is involved.
It consists of branches that moves the trainee
to different levels of training depending upontheir answers or response to the query
generated by system.
Correct answer takes the trainee one level upbut incorrect answer brings him back to the
previous level.
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CASE STUDIES
Its the description of real life experience
which are used to make points or raise issues.It includes
Setting the scene
Details of the org
Description of the players
Outline of the problem
Any additional info necessary tounderstand the scenario.
Resource available.
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Objectives of case study:
In depth discussion
Used in decision making and problem solving.
Helps in deriving principles regarding working
in the field.
Guidelines for using the method:
First identify the objective.
It should be based on genuine data and
situations
You should know the actual outcome in order
to compare the participants findings.
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SEMINARS
Its a conference of a smaller size but greater
degree of participation from the members is
incorporated.
Centered around a single theme.
Size of the seminar group should be optimum.
Advantages
Provides learning through sharing.
Experts guides the discussion .
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Disadvantages
Boring
Some members play passive role
Members do no come prepared
How to make it effective
Provide handouts
Make the objective very clear.
Skilled trainer, quality presentation
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GROUP DISCUSSION
Its the structured but informal exchange of
information , ideas ,knowledge andperceptions among the participants on any
topic or issue
Objectives: Generate wide range of solutions
Broaden the outlook of the participants
Develop their interpersonal comm.
Helps in changing attitude through influence
of peers in the group.
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Limitation of method:
If group is large all the members do not get
the opportunity to participate
If the task is no clearly defined , the discussion
may lack focus
Difficulties can arise if leader is unskilled in
guiding the discussion
Some members may dominate the discussion
Some members may not participate.
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LECTURE
The oldest method of training.
Words are spoken by the trainer.
One way communication.
When to use :
When participants are huge in no.
When participants are required only to listen
carefully and clear their doubts .
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Why not to use :
It is assumed that the participants can by
themselves ,through reading , bridge the gapbetween the contents of lecture and their
realities at work.
Passive comm. that does not allow 2 - waycomm.
Develops a sense of interdependence on the
trainer.
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Enhancing usefulness of lecture :
The trainer should have the required
knowledge and skills. Trainer should not feel inhibited to use visual
aids to highlight a point.
Handout can be provided 20-30 minutes may be the maximum time that
a lecture can hold attention of the
participants.
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BRAIN STORMING
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BRAIN STORMING
Ideas , solutions are proposed and evaluation
are suspended until the time this step iscompleted and the group is ready to move on
to the next step.
Its based on the assumption that its not good
to shoot down an idea without proper
consideration of its merit and demerits in an
unbiased manner.
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Objectives :
Generating a wide range of ideas.
Developing positive attitude among the
participants by encouraging them to
participate.
Encouraging shy and reluctant participants to
share their ides and views without any fear.
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Steps in organizing brainstorming session:
Generation of ideas
Amending ideas
Posting all ideas on a chart.
Analyzing ideas
Action planning
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MIND MAPPING
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MIND MAPPING
Its the technique of visually arranging ideas
and their interconnections
It can be used to graphically arrange the
linkages of some central concepts with other
concepts into memorable treelike diagrams.
Uses :
To organize , filter the thoughts that are
collected
To structure the information
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Advantages :
Simplicity
One idea has many links Visual easy to remember
Helps to see big picture & relationship b/w issues.
Link :http://www.12manage.com/methods_mind_map
ping.html