Tüm Sunumlar

Quality of Life

in Countryside and in Town
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Goal:

To inform you about basic categories of urbanization: village and town

To deeper understand differences between quality of life or life style in countryside and town.

Countryside

Geographic aspectnature

Social-psychologicalaspect mentality

Sociologic aspect life style

Economic aspect -

Ecologic aspect a pod.

Village

its social formation with agricultural character.

Main Characteristics of the Original Village

Community of people on basis of consanguineous family

Land is redistributed to families

Representantsof families or tribal chiefs

Common low (habits, customs)

Common religion

Feudal Village

Government feudal lord

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Farmer

Land source of values.

Figure robust.

Not very flexible.

Thinking is more concrete and very similar with parents.

Stable thinking and feeling about land, things and animals. Less about people.

Hunger for land.

Selection of partner was as enlarging of the family wealth.

Way of Life

Specific culture. Folk songs, fairy story, myths, legends, proverb, slogans.

Countryside is kingdom of traditions. Old manners, morals, dialect, songs, costumes, therapy and cooking.

Traditions evoke societal stability.
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Town

Is seat with a lot of people, who are working in business and industry. Centrum of schools, offices and culture.

Differentiation of towns:

1. Small town 2 000 4 000 people

2. Towns of 4. Level 4 000 8 000 people



5. Towns of 1. Level big cities above 100 000 people

City Formation

Ancient Greece, Rome state

In Slovakia Middle Ages.

1. Natural way people were grouping.

2. Artificial way kings and religious representatives.

People are living out from land and nature.

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Urbanization of Slovakia

Slovakia is less urbanizated from the states of Europe. People, who are living in towns 56 %.

Z 2 891 seats : 67 % small villages with less 1000 people.

There are living only16 % of global population.

Level of Urbanization in the SR Districts

Quality of Life according to type of seats

Rural Seat

Jobs of people in agriculture.

People are living only in village. They have also jobs in this space.

Combined Rural Seat

People are working in towns or cities. Their jobs are in industry or in services.

Way of life different place of living and work.

Small Town

People are living and working at the same place. Historical towns in Slovakia.

Kremnica.

Industrial Seat

Is developed industry and services.

Seats with

10 000 20 000 people

or 20 000 50 000 people.
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Middle Town Seat

Middle industrial towns. Is centre of education and jobs from other villages from region.

Metropolitan Agglomerative Seat

Higher infrastructures. There are living employees in third sector. Town above

50 000 inhabitants.

Metropolitan Central Seat

Bratislava. Centrum of socio-economic areas.

Government, parliament, ministries.

Higher material standard of living.

Urbanization in Slovakia

Proportion

of population

in %

1961 1970 1980 1991 2001 2006 2009

Cities31,4 41,4 52,0 56,8 55,0 55,35 54,87

Countryside68,6 58,6 48,0 43,2 45,0 44,65 45,13

Thank you

for

attention.
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35

Standard of

Living

36

Goal:

1.connection with the quality of life.

2. Present theories of consumption at macro and micro level.

3. Obtain knowledge, which are influenced at consumer behavior.

4. Inform about approaches to quantification.

Genesis

1950 formation first indicators in UNO(minimum food, clothes, housing, water and hygiene as condition for good health.

1970 J. C. Waterlow, J. P. Habicht, S. Garn and R. Matorell opened problem of nutrition as condition of health.

1978 I. Kravis, A. Heston, R. Sumers, P. Heller, W. Drak. They all continued. Standard of Living was enlarged about status of health.

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Genesis

1973 measurement of the economic progress.

1979 Physical Quality of Life Index M. D. Morris.

1980 World Bank quantification of the household expenditures.

Later social aspect

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39

Standard of Living

Socio-economic category. Is quantitative aspect

of life style.

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General Definition

Standard of living - A level of material comfort as measured by the goods, services, and luxuries available to an individual, group, or nation.

Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/standard-of-living#ixzz1FRega9lt
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American Approach:

Standard of living was sometimes used to describe a level of wages thought appropriate for American workers, the term was frequently associated with the middle class and their material culture.

Marina Moskowitz Standard of Living. The Measure of the

Middle Class in Modern America.2004. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press 2004

42

Standard of Living

In social science, the aspirationsof an individual or group for goods and services.

Alternatively, the term is applied specifically to a measure of the consumptionof goods and services by an individual or group.

level of livingdesired).

Both include privately purchased items as well as items that lead to an increased sense of well-beingpublicly provided services and the quality of the environment.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/344816/standard-of-living

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Standard of Living

Level of need satisfaction, in which at one side is need, at other side satisfactiondetermined by possible consumption.

This process is

in concrete living

(or social) conditions.

Perception

1. Wellbeing

2. Living conditions

3. Financial helth of population

4. Reproduction of the work force

5. Relation between income and consumption

6. Level of the needs satisfaction

7. Material wellbeing measured by goods, services and luxury.

44

45

For your thought:

What is standard of living?

What is consumption?

Consumption

I can have:

- House

- Expensive car

- Holiday in Australia

- I want all

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Consumption

1. The act or process of consuming.

2. The state of being consumed.

3. The quantity consumed.

4. Economics expenditure of goods

and services for final personal use.

48

Consumption

Expenditure during a particular period on goods and services used in satisfaction of needs and wants.

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/consumption.html

Elements of Consumption

1. Earnings and expenditures of households

2. Levels of development and structure earnings of households

3. Levels of development and structure of consumption of huseholds

4. Purchase (buying) consumer goods

5. Long term consumption

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50

Standard of Living

We can understand :

- In wider sense: Is similar or same as category Quality of Life.

- In narrower sense: Is sub-category of quality of life.

51

Standard of Living Indicators in wider sense:

Standard of living generally refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area.

Includes the following factors:

- Objective indicators

- Subjective indicators

income gross domestic

product (GDP)

quality and availability of

employment

inflation

class disparity number of paid vacation

days per year

poverty rate quality of healthcare

quality and affordability

of housing

quality and availability of

education

Working time Life expectancy

economic and political

stability

national economic

growth

political and religious

freedom

environmental quality

climate safety

infrastructure cost of goods and

services

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Standard of Living Indicators in narrower sense:

- Earnings

- Consumption

By :

- Subjective indicators

- Objective indicators

Basic Functions Standard of Living

1. Measurement level of living

2. Quantification of the level of need satisfaction

3. Goal for economic policy

4. Stimulationof the socio-economic development

5. Forming conditions for social security

6. Influencing of the quality of life

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Levels of Living

1. Basic needful

2. Standard

3. Luxury

Quantification Standard of Living

World Bank:

Earnings,

Expendituresand

Consumption.

Other Approach sameasin Quality of Life

1. Gross Domestic Product

2. Human Development Index

3. Life Satisfaction Index

4. Happy Planet Index

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Relations: Quality of Life - Standard of Living

Relations arenot linear.

There exist various quality of life and same the standard of living.

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57

Theories of Consumption

1. Micro-economic

2. Macro-economic

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Microeconomic Consumer Theory

Is oriented at consumer behavior in relation to needs.

Consumer is creating demand.

In market of producing factors can be also seller.

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Consumer influences:

- Earning

- Price

- Accessibility of articles

- Subjective factors (style, fashion, expectations, hobbies)

- Other factors (weather etc.)

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Preference Theory

The behavioral assumption of consumer theory is that all consumers are rational decision makers who seek to maximize utility.

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Ernst Engel1821 - 1896

Was a German

statistician and

economist, famous for

TheEngel Curve and

the Engel's Law.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ernst_Engel.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ernst_Engel.jpg

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Engel's Law

is accepted as basic principle of income and consumption.

It states that if incomes increase, the proportion of income spent on food decreases.

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Macro-economic Theory

Is primarily focused on the actions of individual agents, such as firms and consumers, and how their behavior determines prices and quantities in specific markets.

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John Maynard Keynes

British economist

5. 6. 1883 21. 4. 1946

65

Macro-economic Theory

Keynes consumption function C = f(Y)

C Consumption, Y income

If income grows, demand is also increasing.

Households, which have higher incomes, consume more than households with lower incomes.

Rule:

If income grows, consumption grows absolute, but its portion is decreasing. (People begin to save up money this part of income is not consumed.)

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Modern Consumer Theory

Theory of James S. Duesenberry

The more income is higher herewith the consumption is decreasing and saving is increasing.

Consumption Theory based on hypothesis of living cycle

Individuals have long life plans of consumption.

James S. Duesenberry
http://www.marefa.org/images/b/be/James-tobin.jpghttp://www.marefa.org/images/b/be/James-tobin.jpg

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Modern Consumer Theory

Theory based on hypothesis of rationale expectations

Households are thinking about probable consumption in the

future. If their expectations are not right, they correct them.

GaryS. Becker Theory of Behavior

Human behavior is determined by values not only by economic stimulus.

University ProfessorDepartment of Economicsand SociologyProfessor

Graduate School of BusinessThe University of Chicago

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Book

69

Gary Becker and Kevin Murphy present a

testable, analytic framework for measuring

how people make choices by including the

social environment along with standard

goods and services in their utility functions.

- How changes in the social environment

affect people's choices and behaviors.

- How the social environment itself is

determined by the interactions of individuals.

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Magic Quadrangle of Consumption

prof. Dr. Heiko Steffens (Germany)

Needs, Goods/ Services

Wishes, Quantity

Dreams Quality

Resources Costs

Finance Prices

Work Force Taxes

Maslows Theory of Motivation

Self-Realisation Needsself-fulfilment

self-development, creativity

1. Physiological Needsfood, water, sex, sleep

2. Safety Needsprotection from physical danger

Family, health, morality

3. Social Needspartnership, friendship

4. Needs of Egoreputation, status

5.

Important Rule

Very important finding:

On the top of hierarchyneedshave the strongest motivation.

When they are satisfied, they gain strength.

Lower needs - they became weaker by

satisfaction.

72

Need Typlogy

Need of social activity

Need to create own living space

Need of socialization

Need of acceptation

of self-actualization

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Satisfaction Rules

Satisfaction of the existence needs musthave minimum level. Then the higher needs

be actualized.

Existence needs have priority. This rule is modified by value structureand by options of saturation of existence needs.

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Higher Needs Determination

Level of education of inhabitants

Enlargement of creativity in jobs

Higher level of hobbies in free time

Higher expenditures in area of culture and free time

Higher interest about recreation.

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Behavior of Households of the East Block

Need of change at modern consumers.

Effort for flat enlargement and modernization.

Big growth of rental tax.

Increased expenditures for alcohol.

High increased need of cars and traveling.

High expenditures for radio and TV.

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Consumer Buying Behavior

It is important to understand how consumers make their decisions. It can help predict how consumers will react to different situations.

Characteristics Affecting Consumer Behavior

Buyer

Psychological

Personal

Social

Culture

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Influencing Factors of Consumer Behavior

Cultural

Factors

Social

Factors

Personal

Factors

Psychological

Factors

Culture

Sub-culture

Social Class

Family

Living Cycle

Reference

Groups

Job

Earning

Personality

Values

Life Style

Motivation

Perception

Learning

Opinion

Factors Affecting Consumer Behavior:

People within a social class tend to exhibit similar buying behavior.

Occupation

Income

Education

Wealth

Groups of people with shared value systems based on common life experiences.

Hispanic Consumers

African American Consumers

Asian American Consumers

Subculture Social Class

Cultural Factors

Cultural environment influences at interests, wishes, opinions and activities.

In society there exist various cultural trends as globalization of life style, changes in protection of environment.

GROUP

Membership

FAMILY

Husband, wife, kids

Roles and Status

Social


Social Factorsof Consumer Behavior

Consumer Behavior is influenced by family, reference groups, social role and social status.

Life in group help to individual to develop himself or herself and also shopping behavior.

- Reference groups

- Primary groups

- Secondary groups

Factors Affecting Consumer Behavior

Personal Influences

Age and Family Life CycleStage

Occupation

Economic Situation Personality & Self-Concept

Personal Factors of Consumer Behavior

Personal factors: age,livingcycle, job, social statusand personality influence at consumer behavior.

Sociological approach: the living cycleTINK two incomes no kids)

Occupationis determined by selection in goods and services, for instance: dressing, traffic.

Economic situationis mirror of conditions of consumer.

Living styleis expression of opinion at world. It gives the picture about human and his or her relation to the environment.

Psychological Factors

Motivation

Perception

Learning

Beliefs and Attitudes


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Consumer Basic Trends

results from research of GfK Roper Consulting

1. Health and well-being (healthful foodstuff, recreation, sport)

2. Life in moving(special foodstuff eating in cars)

3. Pragmatic materialisms

also nice also cheap and also useful.

1. Relation to Mass-media

2. Ageing of population

88

Influence of ShoppingDecision

Dominant Man automobile, TV

Dominant Woman washmachine, carpet,furniture, kitchen needs

Both selection of holiday,

house, spending of free time

89

Global Consumption

Consumer basket :

1. Products, which are produced by domestic subjects.

2. Imported products, which is not possible produce in our country as example cacao, coffee, tee, oranges, citrus.

3. Products, which are putting together from semi finished products from abroad.

4. Imported products, which are competition for domestic goods.

5. Products, made in abroad and sold under domestic trademark (sport shoes)

6. Products, which are producing in our country, but distributed by international concerns.

7. Products, which are made from raw material and producing in abroad soya meals.

8. Products, which are full or partial produced in our country, then are exported in abroad and then imported to us fishes, textile.

90

Groups According Phases of Family Life

1. Young single person

2. Young couples without children

3. Young couples with children

4. Couples and children in educational age

5. Older couples with economic depended children

6. Older couples with independent children

7. Older couples in pension

8. Older single person

91

Structure of Expenditures

Food and non-alcoholic beverages Alcoholic beverages and tobaccoClothing and Footwear expenses

Housing (water, electricity, gas and other fuels)Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenanceTransport

CommunicationsHealthEducation

Miscellaneous goods and services

92

Types of consumer behavior

Saving financial reserve money for un-expectable situations.

Loan - represent financial help for investment buying of apartment. Debits aredecreasing the amount for following period.

Expense Cut Downs - is consequence of non-rationale consumer behavior.

Structure of Net Cash Expenditures of Slovak Households in %

Classification of Consumption 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Food and Non-alcoholic Beverages 26,2 24,3 24,2 23,4 24,7 24,3

Alcoholic Beverages 3,1 2,8 2,8 2,7 2,9 2,7

Clothing and Footwear 8,0 7,8 7,7 6,7 5,1 5,2

Housing,Water, Electricity, Gas 16,4 15,6 16,0 18,8 24,6 22,7

Furnishings, HouselholdEquipment 5,5 5,2 5,3 4,6 4,4 4,2

Health 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,9 2,9 3,1

Recreationand Culture 7,5 7,3 7,4 6,8 6,2 5,8

Education 0,5 0,6 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,8

Restaurantsand Hotels 5,1 5,5 5,8 5,6 3,5 3,9

Transport 7,9 9,2 8,1 8,3 6,2 7,0

Postand Communication 2,7 3,3 3,6 3,6 4,0 4,2

MiscellaneousGoodsand Services 7,6 8,1 8,1 8,1 7,3 8,2

Other Consumption 8,0 8,8 8,9 8,9 7,6 7,9

Classification of Consumption 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Food and Non-alcoholic Beverages 22,5 22,1 22,0 21,3 22,1 21,8

Alcoholic Beverages 2,6 2,7 2,5 2,6 3,0 2,9

Clothing and Footwear 5,3 5,6 5,9 5,4 5,3 5,3

Housing,Water, Electricity, Gas 21,7 19,8 19,5 20,2 20,4 20,2

Furnishings, HouselholdEquipment 4,2 4,8 4,8 4,4 4,0 3,8

Health 2,6 2,4 2,7 2,7 3,0 2,9

Recreationand Culture 6,4 6,6 7,1 6,7 7,2 8,0

Education 0,8 0,7 0,5 0,5 0,4 0,4

Restaurantsand Hotels 4,6 4,7 5,1 5,1 4,9 5,4

Transport 7,9 8,6 7,8 7,6 7,2 8,0

Postand Communication 4,8 4,9 5,0 5,5 5,3 5,2

MiscellaneousGoodsand Services 7,5 7,3 6,5 6,5 6,3 6,5

Other Consumption 9,1 9,6 10,7 11,4 10,8 10,7

98

Earning at head in

Dollars

99

Structure of Expenses (2006)

Expenses in %EU - 15 EU - 25 EU - 27 SR

Food and non-alcoholic beverages12,5 12,7 17,9

Alcoholic beverages and tobacco 3,3 3,5 3,5 5,0

Clothing and Footwear expenses 5,8 5,8 5,7 3,9

Housing (water, electricity, gas and other fuels) 21,9 21,9 21,9 25,9

Furnishings, household equipment and routine

household maintenance

6,3 6,3 6,2 5,5

Health 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,3

Transport 13,7 13,6 13,6 8,4

Communications 2,7 2,7 2,7 3,5

Culture and free time 9,6 9,5 9,4 8,9

Education 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,5

9,3 9,0 9,0 7,3

Miscellaneous goods and services 11,0 11,0 10,8 9,4

100

Expenses in Several Spheres of Life

2006

Country Over

Work

Time

Leisure

Time Other

EU - 27 53,4 % 19,4 % 27,1 %

EU - 25 53,4 % 19,5 % 27,3 %

EU - 15 52,8 % 19,9 % 27,4 %

Slovakia 61,5 % 17,7 % 21,3 %

Thanks for Attention

101

102

Saving

Process of saving is determined

by living and family cycle.

1. Phase apartment + furnish

2. Phase children grow to adulthood saving is not possible.

3. Phase children are leaving family saving for old age.

4. Phase property is given to heritors.

103

Causal Agent of indebtedness:

Unemployment,

Low incomes at limit of poverty,

Inadequate leading of household,

Conspicuous consumption over options,

Difficult life situations divorce, injury, illness, death.

104

Loans

Over Indebtedness is

Between 20. 50. years

of life.

Can be consequence of:

- shopping passion, which is changing at

- shopping dependency and brings

- shopping frustration.

105

Consumer Protection

- Departure

- Reduction of needs

- Shopping in other shops

- Shopping strike

Complaint

- Public Critique

- JuridicalAction

Handling about price

John Naisbitt a Patricia Aburdene

Megatrends 2000

Ten New Directions for the 1990s

Published in 1990.

Patricia Aburdene John Naisbitt

Before us is the most important decade in the history of civilization, a period of stunning technological innovation,

unprecedented economic opportunity, surprising political reform, and great

cultural rebirth. It will be decade like none that has come before because it will

Megatrends for 21. Century

1. The Global Economic Boom

2. Renaissance in the Arts

3. The Emergence of Free Market Socialism

4. Global Lifestyles and Cultural Nationalism

5. The Privatization of the Welfare State

6.

7. Decade of Women in Leadership

8. The Age of Biology

9. Religious Revival of the Third Millennium

10. Triumph of the Individual

1. The Global Economic Boom

1. Economic explosion will integrate of the world's economies.

2. Economy of high earnings

3. Historical integration countries of European Unionand their value for other world.

1. Forces evoking Global Economic Boom

- Economic aspects are stronger than political. Presidents and parliaments are less important.

- There are creating new free business (America, Europe, Japan).

- Economics is more important than ideology.- Will exist new business between all nations.

2. Renaissance in the Arts

Impressed by increases in the popularity of museums, theaters, and operatic societies. Arts willactually replace sports as dominant leisure activity during the 1999s.

3. The Emergence of Free Market Socialism

Socialism as practiced in the communist nations is fading away.Eastern Europe is heading in three directions: politicalpluralism, free-market economics and integration with Western Europe.

Causes: Global EconomyTechnique electro technique Non-success of centralization High Expenditures of social systemChanges in the area of working forces New approach to the individual

4. Global Lifestyles and Cultural Nationalism

Our life style is more and more unified. In communication is preferred English. We can buy the same products in Italy, France, Great Britain and also in the USA (Ikea).

But cultural nationalism is also growing as people strive to maintain their own culture amid global homogenization nations fighting to preserve their languages.

5. The Privatization

of the Welfare State

Change of competences from government to individual:

1. From public housing to home-ownership.

2. From national health service to private options.

3. From government regulation to market mechanisms.

4. From welfare to workfare.

5. From collectivism to individualism.

6. From government monopoly to competitive enterprise.

7. From state industries to privatized companies.

8. From state industries to employee ownership.

9. From government Social Security plans to private insurance and investment.

10. From tax burdens to tax reductions.

6. The Rise of the Pacific Rim of Asia:

New York Paris London

They are replaced by

Los Angeles, Sydney a Tokyo

Present Asia inhabitantsof world

7. Decade of Women

in Leadership

New demands at leading position:

Organizational principle was changed from managingwith accent at control to leading, which discovers the best abilities of people.

Goals of firm you can achieve through harmonization of formal and non-formal objectives.

Woman, who are leading own companies are double successful than companies leading by men.

8. The Age of Biology

Starting Points:

1. Biotechnology we cannot ignore, is possible dangers.

2. We have responsibility for ethical choices.

3. Technology is neutral. Important is its using.

4. We must develop and be responsible for manipulation with being.

9. Religious Revival of the Third Millennium

Selected ideas:

Science and technique do not tell, what the life means. We know about this only through literature, art and spirituality.

In periods of big social changes the depth of religious experience is over possibilities of organized religion.

"We cannot understand the megatrends of

the 1990s without acknowledging the

metaphorical and spiritual significance of the

millennium.

10. Triumph of the

Individual

Creation

Not heavy

physical work.

Megatrends 2000 concludes enthusiastically:

"On the threshold of the millennium, long the symbol of humanity's golden age, we possess the

125

Social Phenomenon and its Measurement

Assist. p

Department of Social Development and Labor

FNE EU

126

Goals:

1. To understand better what is social phenomenon and to know its manifestation.

2. To inform about main characteristics of social facts.

3. To know methods of quantification.

4. To teach to apply knowledge in the frame of subject Quality of Life.

Emile Durkheim(1858-1917)

Emile Durkheimis considered by many to be the father of sociology. He is credited with making sociology a science, and having made it part of the French academic curriculum as "Science Social".

During his lifetime, Emile Durkheim gave many lectures, and published an impressive number of sociological studies on subjects such as religion, suicide, and all aspects of society.

128

What is social phenomenon?

Emile Durkheim

"The first and fundamental rule [of sociology] is to consider social facts as

things...a social fact is every way of acting which is capable of exercising an

external constraint

upon the individual"

(The Rules of Sociological Method, 1895)

French sociologist

Social phenomenon is:(in general sense)

1. An activity that has implications throughout society, in the economic, legal, political, and religious spheres.

2. Values, cultural norms, and social structures external to the individual.

3. A social phenomenon is anything that influences or is influenced by organisms sufficiently alive to respond to one another. Love is also a social phenomenon.

4. Social phenomenon is an act of social practicesby the masses.

130

Traffic

Childhood

Family

132

133

Social phenomenon according to

Alexander Hirner:

Structural, functional and dynamic formation of the societal practice, which we map through individual behavior.

It has own rules and patterns and order and also has sense of other level than is individual purpose.

134

Basic Characteristics of the Social Phenomenon

1. Qualitative and quantitative indicators

2. Over-individual character

3. Probability character

4. Targetable of Social Phenomenon

135

1. Qualitative and Quantitative Indicators

136

Quality

Internal certainly of thing.

- Specific delimited internal relations and connections between components of system.

- It is not same as feature, characteristic it proves by them.

- Through quality system has relative stability.

- In this frame we can talk about developed phases of phenomenon.

137

Quantity

Quantity is certainly of the phenomenon, which proves by largeness, number, weight, extent, time.

138

Changing Quantity on Quality

Quantity in the frame of one quality can have various forms.

If quantitative changes oversteps the limit, it begins the change of quality.

Quality Change = Structure Change

139

Change of Quality in Life

Kid Older human

140

Quantity

1. Quantity of members of given population. (employed, unemployed)

2. Variants of social phenomenon. Continuum, which has own minimal and maximal values.

3. Combination.Is created stratification.

4. Internal section of phenomenon on basis of dimensial analysisor calculation. Index: partial, summative.

5. Hierarchic configurationin the form of structural relations.

6. Intensity of relations- statistical dependence, causal dependence.

141

2. Over-individual character of the social phenomenon

142

Emile Durkheim

When I perform my duties as a brother, a husband or a citizen and carry out the commitments I have entered into, I fulfill obligations which are defined in law and custom and which are external to myself and my actions. Even when they conform to my own sentiments and when I feel their reality within me, that reality does not cease to be objective, for it is not I who have prescribed these duties; I have received them through education.

(Rules of Sociological Method, Prague 1926, p. 35 36.)

143

Manifestation of over-individuality

It is external tension at individual.

If I identify with given phenomenon, I do not feel this tension.

If not, my effort for undergoing this, must be identical with existing external tension.

144

Social Role

Is objectively defined frame of duties.

Social role operates tension

at individual by goal

determination of her or him.

Role Executor - actor

145

Steward Role

Dimensional analysis of role

1. Expert Dimension

2. Leading Dimension

3. Dimension of Interest Representation

146

Steward Role

Measurement

1. Expert Dimension

- Expertise low, middle, high.

2. Leading Dimension

- liberalistic, democratic, autocratic.

3. Dimension of Interest Representation

- low, middle, high interest in needs of subordinates.

147

3. Probable character

of the social phenomenon

148

Causal Connection

Natural Sciences strong causal connection.

conditions evokes, determines

Spaghetti in boiling water

149

Causal Connection

Societal sciencesFree Causal Connection

, here become two options:

,

We can tell about probability of cause or consequence.

150

Presented in Statistics

151

4. Targetable of the Social Phenomenon

152

Targetable

Is determined by needs, values, interests.

Targetable is connected with effect of uncontrolled forces.

What every individual wants, crosses other individual and so from this will be something, who wanted nobody.

Contra-finality.

Accesses to Measurement

153

Analysis of the Social phenomenon

1. Theoretical analysis

2. Methodological analysis

3. Empirical analysis

154

155

Theoretical Analysis

1. Process of Identification of the Social Phenomenon

explorational operations, by which we can separate explored phenomenon in qualitative clear form...and to build a theoretical model applicable

Conceptual frameworks

Theoretical frameworks are a type of intermediate theory that attempt to connect to all aspects of inquiry (e.g., problem definition, purpose, literature review,

methodology, data collection and analysis(theoretical analysis).

156

Conceptual frameworks can act like maps that give coherence to empirical inquiry. Because conceptual frameworks are potentially so close to empirical inquiry, they take different forms depending upon the research question or problem.

157

158

Identification

1. By trend on the outside definition

Border

of the social

phenomenon by

definition

Identification

2. By trend on the

inside dimensional

analysis.

Result:

Theoretical framework of

phenomenon

Dimensial

Analysis

160

Methodological Analysis

2. Operationalisation of the social phenomenon

Is using in two sense:

a) Sum of explorational operations, by which we judge, if phenomenon answer the symbolized fact.

b) Settle the category into research methods.

Methodological AnalysisMeans:

1.Obtain structure

2.Choice indicators

3.Choice statistical methods of empiric data processing.

161

162

Indicators

Accesses to selection:

1. Mapping all indicators

known from practice and theory.

We cover uncovered places.

2. Re-groupingobtained information from the aspect of identified category.

Indicator

Person or thing that indicates or points out; pointer; instrument which shows the performance of a machine; sign, signal, symptom.

- Identification with organization

- Satisfaction with work

- Basic hardware

Selection of Indicators

All variables of social phenomenon will not be at the same level of generality. We prefer indicators, which are near to the empirical covering.

Variable

Variable - In the social sciences, the term refers to attributes which are fixed for each person or other social entity, but which are observed to be at different levels, amounts, or strengths across samples and other aggregate groups.

Variables measure a social construct (such as social class, age, or housing type) in a way which renders it amenable to numerical analysis. Thus, the key feature of a variable is that it is capable of reflecting variation within a population, and is not a constant.

Types of Indicators

166

167

Definitional indicator Variable

- Salary 460 EUR

- Group's cohesion number of preferences of other members

1. selection of variablewith highest internal correlation.

2. selection of variablewith highest external correlation.

168

Partial Indicator

Selection of Indicator of More-dimensial Phenomenon

1.Procedure

Measure of Coherence correlation of every variable with other. Variable, which has the highest values is representative.

Variables: A,B,C.

Representative indicator would be

Is internal correlation indicator.

Author: Stefan Nowak polish sociologist

AB 0,8 BA 0,8 CA 0,7

AC 0,7 BC 0,65 CB 0,65

AD 0,75 BD 0,5 CD 0,10

Sum 2,25 1,95 1,45

Average0,75 0,65 0,48

Selection of Indicator of More-dimensial Phenomenon

2. Procedure

For example:

Socio-economic status in relation to political orientation.

Changes in status related to change of membershipin political party.

Between status and party membership is correlation.

External correlationindicators are considered as causation or consequenceof phenomenon.

Example of Partial Indicator

Socio-economic Status

Indicator of salary

Indicator of profession

Indicator of powerparticipation

Indicator of significance of functions

Summative indicator sum index

172

Satisfaction in music band

We must have information about

satisfaction of every member.

1. Principal

2. Trumpetist 1

3. Trumpetist 2

4. Drummer

5. Maybe also dog

Sum IndexIdentification with organization

1. Satisfaction with salary

2. Satisfaction with work

- organization of work

- basic hardware

- satisfaction with performance

3. Satisfaction with relations

- satisfaction with leader

- satisfaction with colleagues

- satisfaction with working climate

4. Satisfaction with traveling at work

5. Satisfaction with flexible working time

Summative index : proportion between existing and maximum sum of points.

Number of achieved points

Number of points = -

Number of maximum points

174

Variable

1. Qualitative2. Quantitative

175

1. Nominal Variable

Satisfaction

1. Very satisfied

2. Satisfied

3. Same satisfied as unsatisfied

4. Unsatisfied

5. Very unsatisfied

Quantitative Variable

1. Cardinal- 24

176

2. Portioned Variable

177

1/2

3. Interval Variable

Salary

(401 420 EUR)

178

1. Ordinal Variable

1. place

2. place

3. place

4. place

5. place

179

2. Ordinal Variable

180

Popularity

181

Application in the Area of the Quality of Life

182

1. Question:

Is the quality of life also the social phenomenon?

183

2. Question:

How do you identify your own quality of life?

184

3. Question:

How dimensions do you discover in its frame?

185

4. Question:

Which are the basic indicators of quality of life?

186

5. Question:

By which access can you quantify your quality of life?

187

6. Question:

Say example of definitional, partial and summative indicator.

188

7. Question

Say example at:

- nominal,

- cardinal,

- ordered,

- interval and

- portioned symbol of the quality of life.

189

Thanks for Attention.

191

Approachesto the Global Mega-trends

192

Goal:

1. To inform about contradictions of the present civilization.

2. To explain the mega-trends, which were created by American and OSN experts.

3. To explain mega-strategic priorities of development of our

193

Contradictions of Civilization

1. The richest2% of inhabitants own more asworld richness, poor half only 1%.

2. Earnings of 225 the richest people are the same -as 2,7 mld poorest.

3. 358 the richest people of the Planet own property

as poorest half of people.

(it is 3,3 mld. people).

4. Until 2030 year thenumber of people, who will have to live from1- 2 dollars per day will increase from 2 to 4 mld.

194

Contradictions of Civilization

5. Opened and covered conflicts for energetic and water sources.

6. 1/5 inhabitants consume 90 % of natural sources.

7. Climate change, getting warmer about 3o C change of borders: sea land.

8. Famine (hunger) of400 mil. people.

9. Extra-ordinary dynamic of the gray and black economyin relation to the GDP. 2006: 4 - 5 billions USD present gray and 2,5 - 3 billions of black economy.

(OECD)

195

Problems of Global Economy

Options of states are reduced,situation evokes for global management.

Global, financial and economic crisisqualitative new phenomenon.

Absence of forming of the global institutions, this gap opened the door for gray and black economy and deformation of market and consumption.
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196

Science and Technique

Unprecedented opportunities of civilization, but also threats of abusing.

Sophistic technology changes of working and living conditions (new materials and sources of energy).

Dynamic development of knowledge, new technologies threat and risks weapons.
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197

Global megatrendsEconomic Institute of the Slovak Academy of Science

re-structuring of the civilization

development factorsoverchargingabridgements of

spaceand time extent and influence of the financial

sphere

cardinal institutional changes, polarizationof richness and povertyhazard of living environment, energy,

material, water, food arming, black economy, crime, peace and conflicts value system crisis necessity of its

global revival

more-level global governance
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198

The Millennium ProjectAmerickej rady Global challenges for 21. century

Indefensibility of Development

Water Population and sources

Globalization of the IT

Differentiation between rich and poor

Health

Peace and conflicts

Participative deciding in more problematic relations in world

Woman status

Transnational crime

Science and technology Energy

Global ethic

1000 experts from period: 1996 - 200
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199

Meta-strategic Prioritiesof the Planet Development

OSN

Institutional world infrastructure

More intensive influence of science

More intensive orientation of the educational systems at survival

Social programmes

Control of economic and technologic systems

re-orientation of the information data at economic and social development

Support of the new programme and projects

Approximation of juridical systems

Specification of international treaties, protection of values

Increasing of the quality of life

Harmonization of the global, national, regional and local goals
http://www.google.sk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=Sqw87tA4GyS8XM&tbnid=U2etX0wIi484vM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.klubinvestoru.com%2Fcs%2Farticle%2F1934-megatrendy-do-roku-2023-na-kterych-se-da-vydelat&ei=gBFDU7qhKYmdO87qgNAP&psig=AFQjCNH2BOvU67EI6ppGlwc0yeoW39nQgA&ust=1396990538466155http://www.google.sk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=Sqw87tA4GyS8XM&tbnid=U2etX0wIi484vM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.klubinvestoru.com%2Fcs%2Farticle%2F1934-megatrendy-do-roku-2023-na-kterych-se-da-vydelat&ei=gBFDU7qhKYmdO87qgNAP&psig=AFQjCNH2BOvU67EI6ppGlwc0yeoW39nQgA&ust=1396990538466155

200

Global Economic Growth

Living Environment

Value System

Educational System

Population Growth

MaterialsScience and technique

Development

Mass-

communication

Governance and

ability to manage

Foodstuff

Water SourcesEnergy

HUMANITY

Services, agriculture, industry

Migration,

housing,

health,

employment

Quality of Life

Goals:

1. To give information about phenomenon of the Quality of Life on the theoretical level.

2. To identify its extensity from methodological level.

203

What is quality of life?Maximalistic approach:

C. W.Cobb claims, that

good society

offers maximal needs satisfaction

all citizens.

They can have also non-material form relations in family and at work.

Coob, C. W. Lessons Learned from the Hitory of Social Indicators. San Francisco: redefining Progress. Working Paper, 2000.

204

Arthur Cecil Pigou1877-1959

Wealth and Welfare

(1912, 1920)

Economy of Welfare

(1932)

First time used word

Quality of Life

John Kenneth Galbraith

American economist, diplomat

Born: 15. October 1908

Died: 29. April 2006

Minimalist approach

Rawlson:

It is more important for society to provide for and protect

Minimum level of expectation,

as maximal level of profits and total happiness and benefits.

Common welfare can increase, if the situation will be better for the poorest and those, who need it the most of all.

207

Definitions of Slovakauthors:

A.

optimal level of life existence of individuals or groups, which is expressed by proportion to the standard, represented in

208

and perceptions of human in everyday life, in real social space with concrete rules of coexistence, with realistic questions of goals, sense of earthly

209

I. Laluha:

Quality of life is historical conditional level of living processes, in which human and society are reproducing and developing own

or only feeling, but in the main is realistic

life and development of personality,

210

In the definition is underlined:

1. Historical dependence of quality of life.

2. Quality of life is connected with complex of living processes. (Working and out of work activities)

3. Developingdimension of the quality of life.

211

Quality of Life Model of Centre for Health SupportUniversity of Toronto, Canada

Three basic domains of quality

of life:

1. Being personal characteristics of human.

2. Belonging connection with concrete space.

3. Becoming achieving of personal goals, aspirations and hopes.

212

McCall, S.:'Quality of Life', Social Indicators Research 2,1975,pp 229-248

The best way of approaching quality of life measurement is to measure the extent to which people's happiness requirements are met those requirements which are a necessary (although not sufficient) condition of anyone's happiness those without which no member of

213

Frankl VE. 'Man's search for meaning.'New York: Pocket Books, 1963

meaning. The quest for meaning is central to the human condition, and we are brought in touch with a sense of meaning when we reflect on that which we have created, loved,

214

Quality of Life World Health Organization(WHOQOL)

in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals,

(WHO QoL Manual. Division of Mental Health and Prevention of Substance Use. Geneva: World health Organization, 1998, s. 106.)

215

Quality of life Dimensional analysis

1. Dimension of Extent

2. Dimension of Content

3. Dimension of Methodology

4. Dimension of Targetable

5. Dimension of Prediction

216


1. Level of individual

2. Level of group

3. Level of organization

4. Level of region or district

5. National level

6. Level of European Union

7. Level of World

217


Needs

Value Orientations

Living Activities Life Style

Standard of Living

Social Space living conditions

Structure of Quality of Life

218

3. Dimension of Methodology

1. Objective character

2. Subjective character

219


Strategy: Social Quality Principle of Humanism

Human coexistence isonly possible, if we respect the right of other human. It is based on relations between solidaristicpartners. And there are the most important questions:

1. In whom name this change will be

implemented?

2. Which tools will be used?

220


Its entity is in setting the strategyof

Social Quality.

221

Quality of Life Measurement

222

1. Quality of Life IndexEconomist Intelligence Unit

1. Material well being: GDP per person per capita

2. Health: Life expectancy at birth.

3. Political stability and security: Political stability and security ratings

4. Family life: divorce rate

5. Community life:Religion, membership in trade unions

6. Climate and geography:Latitude, to distinguish between warmer and colder climates

7. Job security:Unemployment rate

8. Political freedom: Average of indexes of political and civil liberties

9. Gender equality:Measured using ratio of average male and female earnings

223

2. Human Development IndexPakistans economist Mahbub al Hak 1990

Composite index that measures a country's average achievements in 4 basic aspects of human development:

1. Life of expectancy(health)

2. Literacy

3. Education

4. Standard of living

2. Human Development Index0 1 (greater is better)

1. HDI with 0,5 country with very low level of human development.

2. HDI with 0,5 0,8, country with middle level of human development.

3. HDI with 0,8 country with high level of human development.

225

2. Values of Index

1. Average of life expectancy at birth: min. 25 years - max. 85 years.

2. Literacy of inhabitants older than 15 years : 0 100 %.

3. Combination of the adult literacy rate and the combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio.

4. GDP per capita: min. 100 USD max. 40 000 USD.

226

Human Development Index 2002

1. Life expectancy at birth(81,3 years Japan, 33,4 years Zambia)

2. Literacy (100 % - 22 countries, 16,5 % - Niger

3. GDPper capita (53 780 Luxemburg, 470 Sierra Leone)

227

Human Development Indexin other form

1. Index of human health (Life expectancy at birth)

2. Literacy index

3. Material well-being Index by GDP per capita

4. Human Poverty Index

5. Gender Related Development Index

228

1. Measurement of Health

Life Expectancy Index

LEI = LE 25

85 25

LE Average of life length(Life span)

(Life Expectancy)

229

2. Measurement of Literacy

1. Education Index

2. Adult Literacy Index

3. Gross Enrollment Index

4. Combined Gross Enrolment Ratio

230

3. Material well being

Is measured by GDP per person per capita in USD

(Scale: 100 USD - 40 000 USD)

All incomes capitalize on the country,

also persons from abroad.

231

4. Human Poverty Indexindication of the standard of living developed by the United Nations

The composite measurefocuses on economic deprivation in four separate dimensions: Scale 0 1 000 points

1. % of people likely to die before the age of 60

2. % of people whose ability to read and write is far from adequate

3. proportion of the population with disposable incomes of less than 50% of the medium

4. proportion of long term unemployed (12 months of more)

232

2006

The worst situation Middle Africa and South-East Africa 400 points

South Africa 300 points

Pacific part of Asia and Middle East 200 points

East Asia, South America and East Europe 100 150 points

North America 30 points

West Europe and Japan 10 points

4. Human Poorness Index

Is using in developing countries.

234

6. Gender Related Development Index

Is very similar to HDI:

- Length of life

- Education

- Earnings

GDI is lower than index HDI.

France version - ISDHhumaine

235

Changes in index from 2010 year

Levels of Human Development Index

1. Veryhighhumandevelopment

0,787 0,938

2. Highhumandevelopment

0,677- 0,784

3. Medium humandevelopment

0,448- 0,699

4. Lowhumandevelopment

0,140 0,470

Human development index (HDI) 2010 Rankings

Very high human

development

High human

development

Medium human

development

Low human

development

1. Norway 43. Bahamas 86. Fiji 128. Kenya

2. Australia 44. Lithuania 87. Turkmenistan 129. Bangladesh

3. New Zealand 45. Chile 88. Dominican Republic 130. Ghana

4. United States 46. Argentina 89. China 131. Cameroon

5. Ireland 47. Kuwait 90. El Salvador 132. Myanmar

6. Liechtenstein 48. Latvia 91. Sri Lanka 133. Yemen

7. Netherlands 49. Montenegro 92. Thailand 134. Benin

8. Canada 50. Romania 93. Gabon 135. Madagascar

9. Sweden 51. Croatia 94. Suriname 136. Mauritania

10. Germany 52. Uruguay 95. Bolivia Plurinational 137. Papua New Guinea

31. SlovakiaZdroj: http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/

Thanks for your attention.239

241

Social Quality

Department of Social Development and Labor FNE EU

242242

Motto:

-confidenceof the present. The deepest, perhaps the sole meaning of progress ismade up of two closely interrelated beliefs that

andthat The two beliefs livetogether and die together and they

go on living as long as the power tomake things happen finds its daily corroboration in the deeds of people

who hold them

(Bauman, Zygmunt: Liquid Modernity; Cambridge: Polity, 2000. p.132)

243

Goal:

1. To inform about the social quality creation and evaluation.

2. To explore its theoretic-methodological framework.

3. To evaluate options its implementation.

244

1. Assumes

of the Social Quality Creation

245

1. Block of Problems:

Poverty in Europe

At beginning of 80. years poverty

was discussed from the perspective

of social disqualification. Later was

percept as behavior of social exclusion.

Entity of the problem is not in knowledge who is poor, but by which wayhe and she become poor.

246

2. Block of Problems:

Convergent

Strategy

which could evaluate effectiveness and quality of the social systems and to solve problems of social exclusion.

Convergent criteria meant reduction of finance in social sphere, which was not possible to solve unemployment and problems resulted from her. (1990)

247

W. Beck, L. J. G. Maesen, A. Walker

The Social Quality of Europe1997

2000 a part and later strategyof

TheEuropean Social Policy

Laurent van der Maesen

Director of the European Foundation on Social Quality, based at the International Institute for Social Studies in The Hague, the Netherlands.

Publications:

The Social Quality of Europe(co-edited with W.Beck and A.Walker) and

Social Quality: A Vision for Europe (co-edited with W.Beck, F.Thomese and A.Walker).

Wolfgang Beck

Alan WalkerProfessor of Social Policy

and Social Gerontology at

the University of Sheffield, UK.

Publications:

East Asian Welfare Regimes in Transition (co-edited with C.Wong),

Social Policy in Ageing Societies(co-edited with G.Naegele) and

Fighting Poverty, Inequality and Justice(co-edited with A.Sinfield andC.Walker).

251

Social Quality

new perspective for Europe

Is considered as humanistic tool of increasing of the quality of life.

252252252

Social Quality 1. variant

QUALITY OF LIFE QUALITY OF SOCIETY

Zdroj: NOLL, H. H. : The European System of Social Indicators : An instrument for Social Monitoring and Reporting. Mannheim,

ZUMA, 2000, p. 2 12.

Specific domains General domains

- Social Cohesion - Sustainability

- Social Inclusion - Ability to Survive

- Social Capital - People Development

- Social Quality

253

Social Quality 2. variant

Social Quality: A Vision for Europe. Studies in

Employment and Social Policy. Hague/London/Boston : Kluwer Law International, 2001 ISBN 90 411 1523 4, p. 6.

254

Social Quality and Quality of Life

Social Quality Quality of Life

Has high developed theoretical

background.

Theoretical background.

Unit system of all policies. Comes out from strategy of society.

Is vision for future. Serves as database for individual

policy (information about process of

implementation of the social quality).

Exists as standard norm for

European Union.

Has developed internal standards.

255

Theoretic-methodological Framework

of the Social Quality

256

Definition of the Social Quality

the social and economic life under conditions which enhance their well-being, capacity and individual

1

1 Beck, W. A. - van der Maesen, L. J. G. - Walker, A. S.: Social Quality: AVision for Europe. Studies in Employment and Social Policy. Hague/London/Boston: Kluwer Law International 2001 ISBN 90411 1523 4, p. 6.

257257

Dimensional Analysis




4. Dimension of Quantification


258258

Dimension of Extent

1. Level of individual

2. Level of group

3. Level of organization

4. Level of region or district

5. National level

6. Level of European Union

7. Level of World

259259

Dimension of Content

It is about definition of phenomenon:

in the social and economic life under conditions which enhance their well-being, capacity and individual potential

- Conditional Factors

- Constitutive Factors

- Normative Factors

260260

Dimension of Targetable

Social Quality strategy as a political project

261261

Dimension of Quantification

Two approaches:

1. Underlined subjective living

2. Underlined objective factors

262262

Dimension of Prediction

Is connected with strategy.

Is based on expecting societal changes, which evoke or will evoke tension at existing situation, changes in technology and in working conditions with goal to achieve the social quality.

Is needed re-definition of job and educational standards.

For your thinking:

Which changes of social space

(at work and out of work)

and also

professional competencies

will demand implementation of the social quality?

263

Social Quality as social phenomenon

Basic canon of the Social Quality

264

Social Quality

Collective actors Policies

Human Needs

: Research-Group Indicators, Profiles and Criteria of Social Quality. Proposal to DG-X11 of the European Commission.

Amsterdam: EFSQ, January 2002. See note 9, Part-B, p.370.

265

Space of the Social Quality

MACRO

MICRO

Institution

Organizations

Communities

Groups

Factors of the Social Quality

1. Conditional Factors

2. Constitutional Factors

3. Normative Factors

266

267

Conditional Factors

Macro

Micro

Socio-economic Security

Institutions

Organizations

Social Inclusion

Social Cohesion

Communities

Groups

Social Empowerment/autonomy

268

Socio-economic Security(Objective facts)

1. Aspect

All basic needs are guaranteed by existing security (earning, social protection, health care, ...)

2. Aspect

Living chances.

Antipole of the framework: Social risk and living chance. Important role of state.

269

Social Inclusion

People would have to feel social inclusion and on minimum level of social exclusion.

Social exclusion refusal or ignoring of social rights.

270

Social Cohesion

Is coherence

of communities and societies.

Its definition is connected with categories: inclusion, exclusion, integration, disintegration, social anomy.

Entity: in primary social relationscreated by friendly groups, families and localities.

271

Social Empowerment

Enlarging of human potentials.

People main actors of social development.

Empowerment means whole scale of knowledge, skills and experiences, which lead to self-respect, self-development, self confirmation.

Definition - P. Herrmannof Social Empowerment

control the personal, communal and social environment to foster their own development over the environment as well as accessing the environment to enrich their socio-

Herrmann, P. : Discussion Paper on the Domain Empowerment. Paper submitted to the European Network on Indicators of Social Quality. Amsterdam: European Foundation on Social Quality, p. 28

273

Constitutional Factors

Societal Development

Human Development

Personal Security

Institutions

Organizations

Social

Responsiveness

Social Recognition

Communities

Groups

Personal Capacity

Social actors

Constitutional Factors(Societal well-being- individual well-being)

We can obtain self-seeing of individual by measurement of factors with profiles, level of their social recognition, personal competenceto participate in public activities as also quality of relations with other people, their social responsivenessto systems and institutions and feeling of personal securityresulting from legislative norms.

274

Normative Factors

1. Social Justice (equity)

2. Solidarity

3. Democratic Citizenship

4. Human Dignity

275

Normative factor are based:

Human dignityis creating as result of personal capacitiesof social actors. It exists in space of social empowerment.

Solidarityis creating in space of social cohesionas result of social actors and their social recognition.

Social justiceis creating in space of the socio-economic securityas result of socio-economic and personal security.

Democratic citizenshipis creating in space of social inclusionas result of social responsiveness.

276

Factors of Social Quality

Conditional Factors Constitutional Factors Normative Factors

Socio-economic Security Personal Security Social Justice

Social Cohesion Social recognition Solidarity

Social Inclusion Social Responsiveness Democratic citizenship

Social Empowerment Personal Capacity Human Dignity

277

Differences in Factors

Conditional Factors objective dimension of human existence.

Constitutional Factors subjective dimension of human existence.

Normative factors are evaluating quality of two factors as also results of their cross connection.

278

Methodological Approach to the Social Quality

279

280

Stumbling block:

Effort in quantification of the social quality can lied to twice understanding:

- scientific aspect

- political aspect

Recommendations:

Ethic dimension is the main criterion for judgment accepted or non-accepted methods.

281

Methodological Triangle of the Social Quality

Social Quality

Criteria

Objective indicators Subjective indicators

282

Methodological starting points:

1. People would have access to

socio-economic security, which

guarantee life without poverty and material

deprivation.

2. It is necessary to stay ahead minimum

level of social exclusion.

3. Cohesivenessof communities as also

whole society is imperative condition.

4. People would become competitiveand

full participate at socio-economic changes.

283

Partial IndicatorsL. J. G. van der Maesen a A. C. Walker18 partial indicators and 49 sub-partial indicators

Component of the Social Quality Partial Indicators

Socio-economic Security

Financial Sources

Dwelling and space

Health and Services

Work

Education

Social Cohesion

Trust

Other imperative norms and values

Social Networks

Identity

Social Inclusion

Citizenship rights

Labor Market

Services

Social nets

Social Empowerment

Knowledge Base

Labor Market

Openness and Supportiveness of Institutions

Public Space

Personal Relations

284

Suggestions

To create the unific system of indicators of the social quality with possibility of identification.

To pay attention to research of subjective and objective factors and explain their mutual conditionality.

To identify social quality in working process. (The same parameters with the learning organization?)

285

Social Quality in Organization

286286

Definition

organization and participate at its goals and also enhance their well-being, capacity and individual

Compare with : BECK, W. A. - VAN DER MAESEN, L. J. G. - WALKER, A. S. Social Quality: AVision for Europe. Studies in Employment and Social Policy.Hague/London/Boston : Kluwer Law International, 2001 ISBN 90411 1523 4, p. 6.

287287

Factors of Social Quality

Conditional Factors Constitutional Factors

Socio-economic Security Individual Security

Organizational Cohesion Organizational Recognition

Organizational Inclusion Identification with

Organization

Employee Empowerment Individual Capacity

288288

Forming of the Quality of Working Life

1. Social Quality

2. Strategic goals oriented at implementation:

- The Learning Society,

- The Knowledge Society,

- The Information Society,

- The Digital Society

3. Other strategic goals

289289

Conditional FactorsOrganizational Development

Individual Development

Formal Relations Non-Formal Relations

Socio-economic

Security

Social PolicyOrganizational

Cohesion

Organizational

Exclusion

Employee

Empowerment

290290

Constitutional FactorsOrganizational Development

Individual Development

Formal Relations Non-Formal Relations

Individual

SecurityOrganizational

Recognition

Identification with

Organization

Individual

Capacity

Citations of authors:

Modern democratic societies .. [need] real opportunities for citizens to address their concerns, to develop their own visions and to enable themselves to contribute to an equitable and fair society

(BECK, W., VAN DER MAESEN, L. J. G., THOMESE, F. & WALKER, A.

(Eds.) (2001) Social Quality: A Vision for Europe, The Hague, London, Boston, Kluwer Law International, p. 246)

292

Thanks

for your

attention.

Alvin Toffler, Heidi Toffler

Creating of the New Civilization

Policy of the Third WaveOpen Windows, Bratislava 1996, s. 110

Alvin and Heidi Toffler

Alvin Toffler

American writer and futurist, known for his work discussing the digital revolution.

4. 10. 1928
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Alvin_Toffler_02.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Alvin_Toffler_02.jpg

Alvin and Heidi Toffler

Alvin and Heidi Toffler are known around the world for their work that has influenced presidents and prime ministers, top leaders in fields ranging from business to non-profit organizations, as well as educators, psychologists and social scientists.

The Third Wave

Future Shock

Powershift War and Anti-War

Their newest book:

Revolutionary Wealth

Toffler explains:

know how to be compassionate and honest. Society needs people who work in hospitals. Society needs all kinds of skills that are not just cognitive, they are emotional, they are affectional... The illiterate of the 21 st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn,
http://www.google.sk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=uYddZEDbFUOweM&tbnid=-WUnGa6OYA4R_M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cas.sk%2Fclanok%2F134627%2Fknihy-u-mladych-nie-su-v-mode-necita-takmer-polovica.html&ei=hDBEU8aiK8yLOY_BgMgB&psig=AFQjCNHyvI08D8XI5l2bva0Dy8GgV5iHdw&ust=1397064177146160http://www.google.sk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=uYddZEDbFUOweM&tbnid=-WUnGa6OYA4R_M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cas.sk%2Fclanok%2F134627%2Fknihy-u-mladych-nie-su-v-mode-necita-takmer-polovica.html&ei=hDBEU8aiK8yLOY_BgMgB&psig=AFQjCNHyvI08D8XI5l2bva0Dy8GgV5iHdw&ust=1397064177146160

Toffler's describe:

Societies based on the concept of waves each wave pushes the older societies and cultures aside.

- First Wave

- Second Wave

- Third Wave

First Wave1650 - 1750

Is the society after agrarian revolutionand replaced the first hunter-gatherer cultures. (Tribal economy)

Began around thousands years ago, where everyone made their own products for their own consumption and there was little or no trading between households.

Primitivism and agricultural civilization.

Only a few little nations in South

America or New Guinea
http://www.google.sk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=IHC5UAh6A_qToM&tbnid=NGG0saPu4u7A0M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.novinky.cz%2Fveda-skoly%2F240804-indianum-kalendar-ani-kruzitko-nechybi.html&ei=OxpDU4isK8qSOvHNgdgI&psig=AFQjCNEFrXB5WzYIQFjaNawekU9T3Munhg&ust=1396992946486614http://www.google.sk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=IHC5UAh6A_qToM&tbnid=NGG0saPu4u7A0M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.novinky.cz%2Fveda-skoly%2F240804-indianum-kalendar-ani-kruzitko-nechybi.html&ei=OxpDU4isK8qSOvHNgdgI&psig=AFQjCNEFrXB5WzYIQFjaNawekU9T3Munhg&ust=1396992946486614

Family

Some generations together.

The Second Way Industrial Revolution(17 th century mid-20 th century)

It has own force. Some countries are building strong industry, factories, automobil factories.

The Second Wave

Industrial period divided world at dominant and predominantcivilization of the second wave.

Second Wave

Based on mass production, mass distribution, mass consumption, mass education, mass media, mass recreation, mass entertainment. Style of organization we call bureaucracy.

Family

Nuclear family.

The Third Wave: New Synthesis

Post-industrial society.

Since late 1950s most countries are moving away from a Second Wave Society into, what Toffler would call, a

Third Wave Society.

Third Wave

The key concept is demassification and de-centralization and consumerism.

Post-industrial society. Information Age, Space Age, Electronic Era, Global Village, scientific-technological revolution.

Diversity of life style.
http://www.google.sk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=VAICmalyPJDCeM&tbnid=OQqo6esoVRUu3M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fkormanik.wep.sk%2F&ei=FzNEU7CTI8bwOtP5gZAJ&psig=AFQjCNFiyLFZAn-NIpSb1v-iZrCmut5_dA&ust=1397064854906324http://www.google.sk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=VAICmalyPJDCeM&tbnid=OQqo6esoVRUu3M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fkormanik.wep.sk%2F&ei=FzNEU7CTI8bwOtP5gZAJ&psig=AFQjCNFiyLFZAn-NIpSb1v-iZrCmut5_dA&ust=1397064854906324

The Third Wave Creation and Using Knowledge

Countries of the third wave sell to world information and innovation, management, culture, high tech, software, education, medicine care.

Main Characteristics of the Third Wave Society

1. New Resources of Power

The Second Wave - land, work, material, capital.

The third Wave knowledge, data, information, ideas,

symbols,culture, ideology, values.

2. Non-material values

Ability to obtain enlarge and also apllyknowledge. Therefore capital is based on non-material things.

3. De-massification

Shift production to the more sofisticand flexible technology.

4. Work

Work of Musculature is easy substituted.

5. Innovation

Innovations are necessary for being at market

6. Massproduction

Old ideas, that more massive is smaller and lower is not truth.

7. Organization

Position is not so important as flexibility and ability to maneuvere.

8. System Integration

Globalization evokes more sofistic integration and management. New Conditions call for new forms of people leading.

9. Infrastructure

Electric ways are creating basic structure of economy the third wave economy.

10. Acceleration

Mass economy substitutes speed economy.

Elite Development

Forming new elites a sub-elites. For this purpose will be established new political institutions. This period is about expansion of political power.

Elites cannot create alone new civilization, but it will be formed by whole nations.

We must discuss about new political system, addapted to the needs of civilization of the third wave.

By beginning of the process

of social learning we can develop strategic tension

at existing political systems.

Toffler: Shift in Power

Category of super-symbolic society. New system of creation of richness depends from face to face communic

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