Từ Vựng, Ngữ Pháp Ôn Thi Tuyển Sinh Lớp 10

Tuyển 10, tiếng Anh

ÔN THI TUYỂN SINH LỚP 10

I. TỪ VỰNG (VOCABULARY)

UNIT 1: A VISIT FROM A PEN PAL- foreign (a) thuộc về nước ngoài - foreigner (n) người nước ngoài- activity (n) hoạt động - correspond (v) trao đổi thư từ- at least ít nhất - modern (a) hiện đại- ancient (a) cỗ, xưa - impress (v) gây ấn tượng- impression (n) sự gây ấn tượng - impressive (a) gây ấn tượng- beauty (n) vẻ đẹp - beautiful (a) đẹp- beautify (v) làm đẹp - friendliness (n) sự thân thiện- friend (n) bạn bè - friendly (a) thân thiện- friendship (n) tình bạn- mausoleum (n) lăng - mosque (n) nhà thờ Hồi giáo- primary school trường tiểu học - secondary school trường trung học- peaceful (a) thanh bình, yên tĩnh - peace (n) hòa bình, sự thanh bình- atmosphere (n) bầu không khí - pray (v) cầu nguyện- abroad (a) (ở, đi) nước ngoài- depend on = rely on tùy thuộc vào, dựa vào- anyway (adv) dù sao đi nữa - keep in touch with giữ liên lạc- worship (v) thờ phượng - similar to (a) tương tự- industrial (a) thuộc về công nghiệp - industry (n) ngành công nghiệp- temple (n) đền, đình - association (n) hiệp hội- Asian (a) thuộc Châu Á - divide into chia ra- region (n) vùng, miền - regional (a) thuộc vùng, miền- comprise (v) bao gồm- tropical (a) thuộc về nhiệt đới- climate (n) khí hậu- unit of currency đơn vị tiền tệ- consist of = include bao gồm, gồm có - population (n) dân số- Islam Hồi giáo - official (a) chính thức- religion (n) tôn giáo - religious (a) thuôc về tôn giáo- in addition ngoài ra- Buddhism (n) Phật giáo - Hinduism (n) Ấn giáo- widely (adv) môt cách rộng rãi- education (n) nền giáo dục - educate (v) giáo dục- educational (a) tthuộc về giáo dục- instruction (n) việc giáo dục - instruct (v) hướng dẫn, chỉ dạy- instructor (n) người hướng dẫn- compulsory (a) bắt buộc - area (n) diện tích- member country quốc gia thành viên - relative (n) nhân thân, bà con- farewell party tiệc chia tay - hang – hung – hung treo, máng

UNIT 2: CLOTHING

- century (n) thế kỷ - poet (n) nhà thơ- poetry (n) thơ ca - poem (n) bài thơ- traditional (a) truyền thống - silk (n) lụa- tradition (n) truyền thống- tunic (n) tà áo - slit (v) xẻ- loose (a) lỏng, rộng - pants (n): trousers quần (dài)- design (n, v) bản thiết kế, thiết kế - designer (n) nhà thiết kế- fashion designer nhà thiết kế thời trang- material (n) vật liệu - convenient (a) thuận tiện- convenience (n) sự thuận tiện - lines of poetry những câu thơ

Từ vựng, ngữ pháp, bài tập 1


- fashionable (a) hợp thời trang - fashion (n) thời trang- inspire (v) gây cảm hứng - inspiration (n) nguồn cảm hứng

- ethnic minority dân tộc thiểu số - symbol (n) ký hiệu, biểu tượng- symbolize (v) tượng trưng - cross (n) chữ thập- stripe (n) sọc - striped (a) có sọc- unique (a) độc đáo - subject (n) chủ đề, đề tài- modernize (v) hiện đại hóa - modern (a): hiện đại- plaid (a) có ca-rô, kẻ ô vuông - suit (a) trơn- sleeve (n) tay áo - sleeveless (a) không có tay- short-sleeved (a) tay ngắn - sweater (n) áo len- baggy (a) rộng thùng thình - faded (a) phai màu- shorts (n) quần đùi- casual clothes (n) quần áo thông thường- sailor (n) thủy thủ - cloth (n) vải- wear out mòn, rách - embroider (v) thêu- label (n) nhãn hiệu - sale (n) doanh thu- go up = increase tăng lên - economic (a) thuộc về kinh tế- economy (n) nền kinh tế - economical (a) tiết kiệm- worldwide (a) rộng khắp thế giới- out of fashion lỗi thời - generation (n) thế hệ- (be) fond of = like thích - hardly (adv) hầu như không- put on = wear mặc vào - point of view quan điểm- (be) proud of tự hào về …

UNIT 3: A TRIP TO THE COUNTRYSIDE

- buffalo (n) con trâu - plough (n, v) cái cày, cày- gather (v) gặt, thu hoạch - crop (n) vụ mùa- home village làng quê - rest (n, v) (sự) nghỉ ngơi- journey (n) chuyến đi, hành trình - chance (n) dịp- cross (v) đi ngang qua - paddy filed cánh đồng lúa- bamboo (n) tre - forest (n) rừng- snack (n) thức ăn nhanh - highway (n) xa lộ- banyan tree cây đa - entrance (n) cổng vào, lối vào- shrine (n) cái miếu - hero (n) anh hung- go boating đi chèo thuyền - riverbank (n) bờ sông- enjoy (v) – enjoyable (a) thú vị - enjoyment (n) sự thú vị, sự yêu thích- take a photo chụp ảnh- reply (v) = answer trả lời - play a role đóng vai trò- flow chảy - raise (v) nuôi- cattle (n) gia súc - pond (n) cái ao- parking lot chỗ đậu xe - gas station cây xăng- exchange (v, n) (sự) trao đổi - maize (n) = corn bắp / ngô- nearby (a) gần bên - complete (v hoàn thành- feed – fed – fed cho ăn

UNIT 4: LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

- learn by heart học thuộc lòng- as + adj / adv + as possible càng … càng tốtEx: You come as soon as possible.- quite (adv) = very, completely rất- examiner (n) giám khảo - examine (v) tra hỏi, xem xét- examination (n) kỳ thi - go on tiếp tục- aspect (n) khía cạnh - in the end = finally, at last cuối cùng

Từ vựng, ngữ pháp, bài tập2


- exactly (adv) chính xác - passage(n) đoạn văn- attend (v) theo học, tham dự - attendance (n) sự tham dự- attendant (n) người tham dự - course (n) khóa học- written examination kỳ thi viết - oral examination kỳ thi nói- candidate (n) thí sinh, ứng cử viên - award (v, n) thưởng, phần thưởng- scholarship (n) học bổng - dormitory (n) ký túc xá- campus (n) khuôn viên trường - reputation (n) danh tiếng- experience (n, v) kinh nghiệm, trải qua - culture (n) văn hóa- cultural (a) thuộc về văn hóa- close to gần - scenery (n) phong cảnh, cảnh vật- national (a) thuộc về quốc gia - nation (n) quốc gia, đất nước- national bank ngân hàng nhà nước - improve (v) cải tiến- improvement (n) sự cải tiến, sự cải thiện - intermediate (a) trung cấp- well-qualified (a) có trình độ cao - tuition (n) = fee học phí- academy (n) học viện - advertisement (n) = ad bài quảng cáo- advertise (v) quảng cáo - edition (n) lần xuất bản- look forward to + V-ing mong đợi

UNIT 5: THE MEDIA

- media (n) phương tiện truyền thông- invent (v) phát minh - invention (n) sự phát minh- inventor (n) nhà phát minh - crier (n) người rao bán hàng- latest news tin giờ chót - popular (n) được ưa chuộng, phổ biến- popularity (n) tính phổ biến - widely (adv) một cách rộng rãi- teenager (n) thanh thiếu niên - adult (n) người lớn- thanks to nhờ vào - variety (n) sự khác nhau, sự đa dạng- channel (n) kênh truyền hình - control (v) điều kiển, kiểm soát- stage (n) giai đoạn - development (n) sự phát triển- develop (v) phát triển - interactive (a) tương tác- viewer (n) người xem - show (n) buổi trình diễn- remote (a) = far xa - event (n) sự kiện- interact (v) ảnh hưởng - interaction (n) sự tương tác- benefit (n) ích lợi - violent (a) bạo lực- violence (n) bạo lực - documentary (n) phim tài liệu- informative (a) có nhiều tin tức - information (n) thông tin- inform (v) thông tin, cho hay - folk music nhạc dân ca- battle (n) trận chiến - communicate (v) giao tiếp- communicative (a) giao tiếp- communication (n) sự giao tiếp - relative (n) bà con, họ hàng- means (n) phương tiện - useful for sb có ích cho ai- entertain (v) giải trí - entertainment (n) sự giải trí- commerce (n) thương mại - limitation (n) sự hạn chế- limit (v) giới hạn- time-consuming (a) tốn nhiều thời gian - suffer (v) chịu đựng- spam (n) thư rác - leak (v) rò rỉ, chảy- response (n, v) trả lời, phản hồi - costly (adv) tốn tiền- alert (a) cảnh giác - surf (v) lướt trên mạng

UNIT 6: THE ENVIRONMENT- environment (n) môi trường- environmental (a) thuộc về môi trường - environmentalist (n)nhà môi trường học- garbage (n) rác thải - dump (n) bãi đổ, nơi chứa- pollution (n) sự ô nhiễm - pollute (v) ô nhiễm- polluted (a) bị ô nhiễm - deforestation (n) sự phá rừng- deforest (v) phá rừng - dynamite (n) chất nổ



- dynamite fishing đánh cá bằng chất nổ - spray (v) xịt, phun- pesticide (n) thuốc trừ sâu - volunteer (n) người tình nguyện- conservationist (n) người bảo vệ môi trường - once (adv) một khi- shore (n) bờ biển - sand (n) cát- rock (n) tảng đá - kindly (a) vui lòng, ân cần- provide (v) cung cấp - disappointed (a) thất vọng- disappoint (v) làm ai thất vọng - spoil (v) làm hư hỏng, làm hại- achieve (v) đạt được, làm được- achievement (n) thành tựu - persuade (v) thuyết phục- protect (v) bảo vệ - protection (n) sự bảo vệ- wrap (v) gói, bọc - dissolve (v) phân hủy, hoàn tan- natural resources nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên- trash (n) rác - harm (v) làm hại- energy (n) năng lượng - exhausted fume hơi, khói thải ra- prevent (v) ngăn ngừa, đề phòng - prevention (n) sự ngăn ngừa- litter (v, n) xả rác, rác - recycle (v) tái chế- sewage (n) nước thải - pump (v) bơm, đổ- oil spill sự tràn dầu - waste (n) chất thải- end up cạn kiệt - junk-yard (n) bãi phế thải- treasure (n) kho tàng, kho báu - stream (n) dòng suối- foam (n) bọt - hedge (n) hàng rào- nonsense (n) lời nói phi lý - silly (a) ngớ ngẩn, khờ dại- right away = immediately (adv) ngay lập tức - folk (n) người- explanation (n) lời giải thích - bubble (n) bong bong- gas (n) khí - valuable (a) quí giá- keep on = go on = continue tiếp tục - poet (n) nhà thơ- minimize (v) giảm đến tối thiểu- complaint to s.o (v) than phiền, phàn nàn- complicated (a) phức tạp - complication (n) sự phức tạp- resolution (n) cách giải quyết - politeness (n) sự lịch sự- label (v) dán nhãn - transport (v) vận chuyển- clear up dọn sạch - trash (n) đồ rác rưởi- truck (n) xe tải - look forward to mong đợi- break (n) sự ngừng / nghỉ - refreshment (n) sự nghỉ ngơi- fly (n) con ruồi - worried about lo lắng về- float (v) nổi - surface (n) bề mặt- frog (n) con ếch - toad (n) con cóc- electric shock (n) điện giật - wave (n) làn sóng- local (a) thuộc về địa phương- local authorities chính quyền đại phương- prohibit (v) = ban (v) ngăn cấm - prohibition (n) sự ngăn cấm- fine (v) phạt tiền

UNIT 7: SAVING ENERGY

- energy (n) năng lượng - bill (n) hóa đơn- enormous (a) quá nhiều, to lớn - reduce (v) giảm- reduction (n) sự giảm lại - plumber (n) thợ sửa ống nước- crack (n) đường nứt - pipe (n) đường ống (nước)- bath (n) bồn tắm - faucet (n) = tap vòi nước- drip (v) chảy thành giọt - tool (n) dụng cụ- fix (v) lắp đặt, sửa - waste (v) lãng phí- appliance (n) đồ dùng - solar energy năng lượng mặt trời- nuclear power năng lượng hạt nhân - provide (v): supply cung cấp- power (n): electricity điện - heat (n, v) sức nóng, làm nóng- install (v) lắp đặt - coal (n) than



- luxuries (n) xa xí phẩm - necessities (n) nhu yếu phẩm- consumer (n) người tiêu dùng - consume (v) tiêu dùng- consumption (n) sự tiêu thụ - effectively (adv) có hiệu quả- household (n) hộ, gia đình - lightning (n) sự thắp sáng- account for chiếm- replace (v) thay thế - bulb (n) bóng đèn tròn- energy-saving (a) tiết kiệm năng lượng - standard (n) tiêu chuẩn- last (v) kéo dài - label (v) dán nhãn- scheme (n): plan kế hoạch - freezer (n) tủ đông- tumble dryer máy sấy- model (n) kiểu - compared with so sánh với- category (n) loại - ultimately (adv): finally cuối cùng, sau hết- as well as cũng như - innovation (n): reform sự đổi mới- innovate (v): reform đổi mới - conserve (v) bảo tồn, bảo vệ- conservation (n) sự bảo tồn - purpose (n) mục đích- speech (n) bài diễn văn - sum up tóm tắt- gas (n) xăng, khí đốt - public transport vận chuyển công cộng- mechanic (n) thợ máy - wastebasket (n) sọt rác- science (n) khoa học - scientific (a) thuộc khoa học- scientist (n) nhà khoa học

UNIT 8: CELEBRATIONS

- celebration (n) lễ kỷ niệm - celebrate (v) làm lễ kỷ niệm- Easter (n) lễ Phục Sinh - Lunar New Year Tết Nguyên Đán- wedding (n) đám cưới - throughout (prep) suốt- occur (v): happen / take place xảy ra, diễn ra - decorate (v) trang trí- decoration (n) sự trang trí - sticky rice cake bánh tét- be together: gather tập trung - apart (adv) cách xa- Passover (n) Lễ Quá Hải (của người Do thái) - Jewish (n) người Do thái- freedom (n) sự tự do - slave (n) nô lệ- slavery (n) sự nô lệ - as long as miễn là- parade (n) cuộc diễu hành - colorful (a) nhiều màu, sặc sỡ- crowd (v) tụ tập - crowd (n) đám đông- crowded with (a) đông đúc - compliment (n) lời khen- compliment so on sth khen ai về việc gì - well done Giỏi lắm, làm tốt lắm- congratulate so on sth chúc mừng ai về - congratulation lời chúc mừng- Congratulations! Xin chúc mừng - first prize giải nhất- contest (n) cuộc thi - active (a) tích cực- charity (n) việc từ thiện - nominate (v) chọn- activist (n) người hoạt động- acquaintance (n) sự quen biết - kind (a) tử tế- kindness (n) sự tử tế - trusty (a) đáng tin cậy- trust (n) sự tin cậy - express (v) diễn tả- feeling (n) tình cảm, cảm xúc- memory (n) trí nhớ - lose heart mất hy vọng- miss (v) nhớ, bỏ qua, trễ - tear (n) nước mắt- groom (n) chú rể - hug (v) ôm- considerate (a) ân cần, chu đáo - generous (a) rộng lượng, bao dung- generosity (n) tính rộng lượng, sự bao dung- priority (n) sự ưu tiên - sense of humour tính hài hước- humourous (a) hài hước - distinguish (v) phân biệt- in a word: in brief / in sum tóm lại - terrific (a): wonderful tuyệt vời- proud of tự hào, hãnh diện - alive (a) còn sống- image (n) hình ảnh - imagine (v) tưởng tượng- share (v) chia sẻ - support (v) ủng hộ



UNIT 9: NATURAL DISASTERS

- disaster (n) thảm họa → disastrous (a) -disastrously (adv)- natural disaster thiên tai - snowstorm (n) bão tuyết- earthquake (n) động đất- volcano (n) núi lửa → volcanic (a): thuộc về núi lửa- typhoon (n) bão nhiệt đới - weather forecast dự báo thời tiết- turn up vặn lớn - turn down vặn nhỏ- volume (n) âm lượng - temperature (n) nhiệt độ- thunderstorm (n) bão có sấm sét - south-central (a) phía nam miền trung- experience (v) trải qua - highland (n) cao nguyên- prepare for chuẩn bị cho - laugh at cười nhạo, chế nhạo- just in case nếu tình cờ xảy ra - canned food thức ăn đóng hộp- candle (n) nến - match (n) diêm quẹt- ladder (n) cái thang - blanket (n) chăn mền- bucket (n) cái xô - power cut cúp điện- Pacific Rim vành đai Thái Bình Dương- tidal wave / tsunami song thần - abrupt (a) thình lình- shift (n) sự chuyển dịch - underwater (a) ở dưới nước- movement (n) sự chuyển động - hurricane (n) bão- cyclone (n) cơn lốc - erupt (v) phun - eruption (n) sự phun trào - predict (v) đoán trước- prediction (n) sự đoán trước - tornado (n) bão xoáy- funnel-shaped (a) có hình phễu - suck up hút- path (n) đường đi - baby carriage xe nôi

UNIT 10: LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS

- UFOs = Unidentified Flying Objects vật thể bay không xác định- in the sky trên bầu trời - spacecraft (n) tàu vũ trụ- planet (n) hành tinh - believe (v) tin, tin tưởng- aircraft (n) máy bay - balloon (n) khinh khí cầu- meteor (n) sao băng - evidence (n) bằng chứng- exist (v) tồn tại - existence (n) sự tồn tại- experience (n) kinh nghiệm - pilot (n) phi hành gia- alien (n) người lạ - claim (v) nhận là, cho là- egg-shaped (a) có hình quả trứng - sample (n) vật mẫu- capture (v) bắt giữ - take aboard đưa lên tàu, máy bay- examine (v) điều tra - free (v) giải thoát- disappear (v) biến mất - disappearance (n) sự biến mất- plate-like (a) giống cái dĩa - device (n) thiết bị- treetop (n) ngọn cây - proof / support (n) bằng chứng- falling star sao sa - shooting star sao băng- hole (n) cái lỗ - jump (v) nhảy- health (n) sức khỏe - healthy (a) khỏe mạnh- space (n) không gian - physical condition điều kiện thể chất- perfect (a) hoàn hảo - ocean (n) đại dương- orbit (v) bay quanh quỹ đạo- circus (n0 đoàn xiếc - cabin (n) buồng lái- experience (v) trải nghiệm - marvelous (a) kỳ diệu



II. NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR)

TENSES (Thì)

TENSES USE SIGNAL WORDS EXAMPLESSIMPLE PRESENT(HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN)

Động từ thường+: S + V1 / V(s/es)

-: S + don’t/ doesn’t + V1

?: Do / Does + S + V1 …?Động từ to be:S + am/ is / are …

- thói quen ở hiện tại - sự thật, chân lí.

- always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never, every, normally, regularly, occasionally, as a rule …

- She often goes to school late.- The sun rises in the east.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE(HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN)

+: S + am/is/are + V-ing

-: S + am/ is/ are + not + V-ing

?: Am / Is /Are + S + V-ing?

- hành động đang diễn ra vào lúc nói.- dự định sẽ thực hiện trong tương lai gần.- hành động có tính chất tạm thời.

- at the moment, now, right now, at present- Look!- Listen!- Be quiet!- Keep silence!Note: một số động từ thường không dùng với thì tiếp diễn: like, dislike, hate, love, want, prefer, admire, believe, understand, remember, forget, know, belong, have, taste, smell, be

- I can’t answer the phone. I’m having a bath.- She is going to the cinema tonight.- He often goes to work by car, but today he is taking a bus.

PRESENT PERFECT(HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH)

+: S + has / have + P.P

-: S + has / have + not + P.P

?: Has / Have + S + P.P?

- hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai.- hành động vừa mới xảy ra.

- lately, recently (gần đây)- so far, up to now, up to the present (cho tới bây giờ)- already, ever, never, just, yet, for + khoảng th/g, since + mốc th/g.- how long …- this is the first time/second time…- many times / several times

- I have learnt English for five years.

- She has just received a letter from her father.

SIMPLE PAST(QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN)

+: S + V2 / V-ed

-: S + didn’t + V1

?: Did + S + V1 ….?

- hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt ở một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.- một chuỗi hành động xảy ra liên tục trong quá khứ.- một thói quen trong quá khứ

- yesterday, last week, last month, …ago, in 1990, in the past, …

- She went to London last year.

- The man came to the door, unlocked it, entered the room, went to the bed and lay down on it.- When we were students, we often went on a picnic every weekend.



PAST PROGRESSIVE(QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN)

+: S + was / were + V-ing

-: S + was / were + not + V-ing

?: Was / Were + S + V-ing…?

- hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ- hai hành động cùng xảy ra đồng thời trong quá khứ

- at that time, at (9 o’clock) last night, at this time (last week),

- He was doing his homework at 8 o’clock last night.- The children were playing football while their mother was cooking the meal.

PAST PERFECT(QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH

+: S + had + P.P

-: S + hadn’t + P.P

?: Had + S + P.P …?

- hành động xảy ra trước hành động khác hoặc trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ

- already, ever, never, before, by, by the time, after, until, when, ….

- When I arrived at the party, they had already left.- I had completed the English course by 1998.

SIMPLE FUTURE(TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN)

+: S + will / shall + V1

-: S + will / shall + not + V1 (won’t / shan’t + V1)

?: Will / Shall + S + V1 …?

- hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai- một quyết định được đưa ra vào lúc nói

- tomorrow, next, in 2012, ….- I think / guess - I am sure / I am not sure

- He will come back tomorrow.- The phone is ringing. I will answer it.

Lưu ý cách dùng của Be going to + V1- diễn tả một dự định đã được sắp đặt trướcEx: She is going to buy a new computer. (She has saved for a year)- diễn tả một dự đoán có căn cứEx: The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain.Note:- hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ: . hành động ngắn dùng thì quá khứ đơn, hành động dài dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn Ex: Yesterday morning, I met my friend while I was going to school. . hành động xảy ra trước dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành, hành động xảy ra sau dùng thì quá khứ đơn Ex: She went out with her friends after she had finished her homework. She had finished her homework before she went out with her friends.Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian:

(Mệnh đề chính) (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)Hiện tại Hiện tạiQuá khứ Quá khứTương lai Hiện tại

1. TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ I will wait here until she comes back.2. TLĐ + after + HTHT He will go home after he has finished his work.3. while / when / as + QKTD, QKĐ While I was going to school, I met my friend.4. QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD It (start) --------------- to rain while the boys (play) -------------- football.5. QKTD + while + QKTD Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games.6. HTHT + since + QKĐ I (work) -------------------- here since I

(graduate)---------------------.7. After + QKHT, QKĐ After I had finished my homework, I (go) --------------- to



bed.8. Before / By the time + QKĐ + QKHT Before she (have) ---------------- dinner, she (write) ------------- letter.

EXERCISSE1. He was writing to his friend when he __________a noise.

A. was hearing B. heard C. had heard D. hears 2. I __________many people since I came here in June.

A. met B. has met C. was meeting D. have met3. We __________ maths at this time last week.

A. were learning B. are learning C. was learning D. learnt4. She was playing games while he __________a football match.

A. watched B. watches C. was watching D. watching 5. She __________to Ho Chi Minh city last year.

A. goes B. has gone C. go D. went 6. Since we came here, we ______ a lot of acquaintances.

A. have had B. had C. have D. are having7. __________he playing football now?

A. Will B. Does C. Was D. Is 8. Every morning, I often sit in my garden and____ to my nightingale sing.

A. listening B. listen C. listened D. listens 9. She __________school when she was six.

A. start B. started C. has started D. are starting10. I. __________TV when the telephone rang.

A. watched B. was watching C. are watching D. have watched11. I will contact you as soon as I ___________the information.

A. will get B. get C. got D. had got12. If he's late again, I_____ very angry.

A. am going to be B. will be C. would be D. am13. A: “The phone is ringing” B. “ I ______it”. A. answer B. will answer C. have answered D. will be answering14. Yesterday, I _______ for work late because I _______ to set my alarm.

A. had left / forgot B. was leaving / was forgettingC. left / had forgot D. had been leaving / would forget

15. By the time we ____ to the train station, Susan _____ for us for more than two hours.A. will get / has been waiting B. got / was waitingC. got / had been waiting D. get / will wait

16. While her brother was in the army, Sarah ___________ to him twice a week.A. was writing B. wrote C. has written D. had written

17. The Titanic _______ the Atlantic when it _______ an iceberg.A. was crossing / struck B. had crossed / was strikingC. crossed / had struck D. is crossing / strikes

18. In the 19th century, it _______ two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon.A. took B. had taken C. had taken D. was taking

19. Last night at this time, they _______ the same thing. She ______ and he _________ the Newspaper.A. are not doing / is cooking / is reading B. were not doing / was cooking / was readingC. was not doing / has cooked / is reading D. had not done / was cooking /read

20. After he ____________ his English course, he went to England to continue his study. A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. had finished 31. When I walk past the park, I saw some children play football.

A B C D 32. After John eaten dinner, he wrote several letters and went to bed.

A B C D 33. What did you do at 9 o'clock last night? I phoned you but nobody answered.

A B C D 34. When I arrived at the station, the train has already left.

A B C D



35. Ann and Susan have known each other during they were at school. A B C D 36. She has disappeared three days ago, and they are still looking for her now. A B C D 37. After Mrs. Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner A B C D

38. It’s the first time I saw this film

A B C D 39. After he graduates from university, he joined the army. A B C D 40. Up to now, there had been no woman being chosen the US president. A B C D41. It’s a long time since we last went to the cinema.

A. We have been to the cinema for a long time. B. We haven’t been to the cinema for a long time.C. We don’t go to the cinema as we used to. D. We wish we went to the cinema now.

42. The last time I saw Rose was three years ago.A. I didn’t see Rose for three years. B. I haven’t seen Rose three years ago.C. I haven’t seen Rose since three years. D. I haven’t seen Rose for three years.

43. I haven't visited the museum for three months.

A. It is three months since I have visited the museum.

B. I didn't visit the museum three months ago.

C. The last time I had visited the museum was three months ago.

D. It is three months since I visited the museum.

44. "John began playing the piano 10 years ago"

A. John played the piano 10 years ago. C. John

has played the piano for 10 years.

B. John used to play the piano 10 years ago. D. John

doesn't play the piano anymore

45. The last time I saw her was a week ago. .

A. I haven't seen her for a week. C. I haven't seen her since a week.

B. I have seen her for a week. D. I have seen her since a week.

1. Last night we (watch) __________TV when the power (fail) __________.2. London (change) ___________ a lot since we first (come) __________ to live here.3. I (spend) __________ a lot of time travelling since I (get) __________this new job.4. She (have) __________a hard life, but she’s always smiling.5. He sometimes (come) __________ to see his parents.6. Last month I (be) _____________ in the hospital for ten days.7. What you (do) ____________________ when I (ring) ________________ you last night?8. I (not see) __________________ him since last Sunday.9. My mother (come) __________________ to stay with us next week.10. When he lived in Manchester, he (work) _________________ in a bank.11. Columbus (discover) ___________________ America more than 400 years ago.12. Listen! The birds (sing) ________________.13. ______You (receive) _______________ any letter from your parents yet?14. How long ________Bob and Mary (be) ___________________ married?15. She (ask) _________________ me to tellabout him several times.16. John (watch) __________________ TV at 8:00 last evening.17. He (do) ________________ his homework before he (go) _____________ to the cinema.18. Hurry up! The train (come) ____________________.19. We (not talk) _______________ to each other for a long time.20. He (feel) _________________ asleep while he (do) __________________ his homework.



PASSIVE VOICE (Câu bị động)

I. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

Active: SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT

Passive: SUBJECT + BE + P.P + BY + OBJECT

II. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI HÌNH THỨC ĐỘNG TỪ CỦA MỘT SỐ THÌ

THÌ CHỦ ĐỘNG BỊ ĐỘNGHTĐ V1 / Vs(es) Am / is / are + V3HTTD Am / is / are + V-ing Am / is / are + being + V3HTHT Has / have + V3 Has / have + been + V3QKĐ V2 / V-ed Was / were + V3QKTD Was / were + V-ing Was / were + being + V3QKHT Had + V3 Had + been + V3TLĐ Will / shall + V1 Will / shall + be + V3TLHT Will/ shall + have + V3 Will / shall + have + been + V3

Note: - Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O; trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + O- Nếu chủ từ trong câu chủ động là từ phủ định (noone, nobody) thì đổi sang câu bị động phủ định.- Các chủ từ someone, anyone, people, he, she, they … trong câu chủ động thì có thể bỏ “by + O” trong câu bị động

EXERCISE Change into passive voice.1. The teacher corrects our exercises at home. 2. Alice gave me a wonderful present.

3. They are building several new schools in our town. 4. We have made great progress in industry, science and medicine. 5. Sam killed a lion last week. 6. You must hand in your report before the end of this month. 7. I had just finished the job when the factory closed. 8. No one has opened that box for the past hundred years. 9. She is going to mail these letters soon 10. He should finish the report yesterday. 11. Many U.S automobiles .................. in Detroit, Michigan.

A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing12. When I came, an experiment .................. in the lab.

A. was being holding B. has been held C. was being held D. has held13. Last night a tornado swept through Rockvill. It ............. everything in its path.

A. destroyed B. was destroyed C. was being destroyed D. had been destroyed14. This exercise may .................. with a pencil.

A. be written B. be to write C. be writing D. write



15. This picture .................... by Johnny when I came.A. painted B. was painted C. was being painted D. had been painted

16. They speak much about this book.A. This book is much spoken about. B. This book is much spoken.

C. This book is much about spoken. D. This book are much spoken about.17. My shirt .................. by my sister on my last birthday.

A. gave B. was given C. had been given D. was being given18. Hamlet was wrote by William Shakespeare. A B C D 19. Daisy's ring is make of gold. A B C D 20. This exercise may .................. with a pencil.

A. be written B. be to write C. be writing D. write21. The university .................. by private funds as well as by tuition income.

A. is supported B. supports C. is supporting D. has supported22. He broke my watch.

A. My watch were broken. B. My watch be broken. C. My watch is broken. D. My watch was broken.

23. You have to do your homework every day.A. Your homework has been done every day. B Your homework has to do by you every day.C Your homework has to be done every day. D Your homework have to be done every day.

24. Lots of houses_____________ by the earthquake.A. are destroying B. destroyed C. were destroying D. were destroyed

25. The telephone ______________ by Alexander Graham Bell. A. invented B. is inventing C. be invented D. was invented

WISH CLAUSES (Mệnh đề mong ước)Có 3 dạng câu mong ước:

- Mong ước không thật ở hiện tại:KĐ: S + wish(es) + S + V2/-ed + O (to be: were / weren’t)PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + didn’t + V1

Ex: Ben isn’t here. I wish Ben were here. I wish I could swim.

- Mong ước không thật ở quá khứ:KĐ: S + wish(es) + S + had + V3/-edPĐ: S + wish(es) + S + hadn’t + V3/-ed

Ex: She failed her exam last year. She wishes she hadn’t failed her exam.- Mong ước không thật trong tương lai

KĐ: S+ wish(es) + S + would + V1PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + wouldn’t + V1

Ex: I wish you would stop smoking.

Note: S + wish(es) có thể thay bằng If onlyEx: I wish I weren’t so fat. = If only I weren’t so fat.

EXERCISE1. I wish I (see) ____________ her off at the airport yesterday.2. Tom wishes he (have) _________ enough money to buy a new car now.3. Mary wishes she (become) _________ an astronaut someday.4. He wishes he (not/buy) ______________ that old car.5. I’m really sorry I didn’t invite her to the party.

I really wish …………………………………………………..6. I’m sorry I can’t help you do your homework.

I wish …………………………………………………..7. She doesn’t like to work with him.

She wishes …………………………………………….8. I don't understand this point of grammar. I wish I ______ it better.



A. understood B. would understand C. had understood D. understands9. It never stops raining here. I wish it ______ raining.

A. stopped B. would stop C. had stopped D. will stop10. I miss my friends. I wish my friends ______ here right now.

A. were B. would be C. had been D. was11. I should never have said that. I wish I ______ that.

A. didn't say B. wouldn't say C. hadn't said D. says12. I speak terrible English. I wish I ______ English well.

A. spoke B. would speak C. had spoken D. speaks13. I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it ______ quiet.

A kept B. would keep C. had kept D. will keep14. This train is very slow. The earlier train was much faster. I wish I ____ the earlier train.

A. caught B. would catch C. had caught D. catches15. I didn't see the TV programme but everybody said it was excellent. I wish I ___ it.

A. saw B. would see C. had seen D. seen16. I went out in the rain and now I have a bad cold. I wish I ______ out.

A. didn't go B. wouldn't go C. hadn't gone D. went17. This movie is terrible. I wish we ______ to see another one.

A. went B. would go C. had gone D. go18. I wish I ____ more careful with my money in the future A. would be B. should be C. could be D. had been19. George now wishes he hasn’t broken his encouragement with Marian

A B C D20. I sometimes wish that I will have another car.

A B C D21. I wishes you had been at the meeting yesterday.

A B C D22. I wish I didn’t say that to him yesterday.

A B C D23. She wishes that we didn’t send her the candy yesterday because she’s on a diet.

A B C D

GIỚI TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN1. AT: vào lúc- dùng chỉ thời gian trong ngày

At + giờAt midnight nừa đêmAt night buổi tốiAt lunchtime vào giờ ăn trưaAt sunset lúc mặt trời lặnAt sunrise lúc mặt trời lặnDawn lúc bình minhAt noon giữa trưa (lúc 12 giờ trưa)

- dùng chỉ một dịp lễ hội, một thời khắc nào đóAt the weekend (người Mỹ và Úc dùng on the weekend)At Easter vào lễ phục sinhAt Christmas vào lễ Giáng sinhAt New YearAt present, At the momentAt this / that timeAt the same time cùng thời gianAt the end / beginning of this month / next monthAt the age of ở lứa tuổi

Ex: He came to live in London at the age of twenty five. Tom and Peter arrived at the same time.2. ON: vào- dùng chỉ thứ trong tuần, ngày trong tháng

On Monday, On 14th February, On this / that day



- dùng chỉ buổi trong ngàyOn Sunday eveningsOn Christmas Day, On New Year’s Day, On my birthday

3. IN: trong- dùng chỉ buổi trong ngày nói chung, một kỳ nghỉ, một học kỳ

In the morning / afternoon / eveningIn the Easter holidayIn the summer term trong học kỳ hèIn the summer holiday trong kỳ nghỉ hè

- dùng cho tháng, mùa, năm, thập kỷ, thế kỷ, thời đại và thiên niên kỷIn August , In the summer / winter / spring / autumn, In 2010, In the 1990s, In the 19th centuryIn the Middle Ages, In the 3rd millennium

- dùng trong một số cụm từ để chỉ thời gian trong tương laiIn a moment / in a few minutes / in an hour / in a day / in a week / in six monthsIn the end cuối cùng

* Note:On time đúng giờ (không trễ)In time đúng lúc, kịp lúcIn the end cuối cùng In the end ≠ at first

Ex: He got more and more angry. In the end, he walked out of the room.

ADVERBS CLAUSES OF RESULT (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả)

Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả bắt đầu bằng các từ so, therefore (vì vậy, vì thế)Lưu ý dấu chấm câu. Của so và thereforeEx: He is ill so he can’t go to school. / He is ill, so he can’t go to school. He is ill. Therefore, he can’t go to school. / He is ill; therefore, he can’t go to school.Một số liên từ khác cần lưu ý: and, but, however, because, since, as

EXERCISE1. She often plays the piano …………….night.

2. I always go ……………..…..school ……………….…foot3. It never snows here…………………..……..Christmas.4. The country looks beautiful………………….……spring.5. I can see you……………….……Monday.6. I live…………….…… the country, but she lives……………..…..the city.7. We have lived in Hanoi ………….. 4 years.8. I don’t like get up ………………..the morning.9. He had learned the whole poem………………..heart.10. He always comes ………….………bus.11. This book is……………..……Dickens.12. Is Miss Smith…………….…..home?13. I have breakfast …………….…….7.30 every morning.14. There is a meeting …………………1pm and 3pm.15. My birthday is ………………..….May 5th.16. My birthday is ……………………..the 5th.17. She has been here …………………… yesterday.18. I like swimming ……………..……the summer19. We get a lot of rain………………..……..November.20. I will stay there till the beginning ………….June.

Rewrite the sentences using “SO” / “THEREFORE”1. They couldn’t help you because they are not here.2. She doesn’t study hard and she can’t pass the exam.3. I can’t go out because it is raining.4. The test was so long that I can’t finish it.



CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện)

1. Type 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương laiIf clause Main clause

S + V1 / V s(es) (don’t / doesn’t + V1)

S + will / can/ may + V1 (won’t / can’t + V1)

2. Type 2: điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại

If clause Main clauseS + V-ed / V2 (didn’t + V1)To be: were / weren’t

S + would / could / should + V1 (wouldn’t / couldn’t + V1)

3. Type 3: điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ

If clause Main clauseS + had + P.P (hadn’t + P.P)

S + would / could / should + have + P.P (wouldn’t / couldn’t + have + P.P)

4. Những cách khác để diễn đạt câu điều kiện:a. Unless = If ….not

If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living. = Unless ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

b. Without: không có = if … not Without water, life wouldn’t exist. = If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Note: 1. Có thể diễn tả câu điều kiện mà không cần dùng if hay unless bằng cách đảo ngữ.

Were I rich, I would help you.= If I were rich, I would help you.Had I known her, I would have made friend with her.= If I had known her, I would have made friend with her.

2. Có thể kết hợp điều kiện 2 và điều kiện 3 trong một câu. If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be so tired now. You wouldn’t be so hungry if you had had breakfast this morning.

3. Đôi khi thì hiện tại đơn được dùng cho cả hai mệnh đề của câu điều kiện để diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên; nó được gọi là zero conditional.

If we don’t water these flowers, they die.4. Mệnh đề chính trong câu điều kiện loại 1 có thể là một câu đề nghị hoặc lời mời.

If you see Peter at the meeting, please tell him to return my book.If you are free now, have a cup of coffee with me.

5. Đổi từ if sang unless:IF UNLESS

Khẳng định Khẳng định (động từ trong mệnh đề chính đổi sang phủ định)Phủ định Khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không thay đổi)

Ex: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster. Unless ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If she doesn’t work harder, she will fail the exam. Unless ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause

- If you don’t + V1, Clause- If you aren’t + …, Clause

Ex: Be carefull or you will cut yourself. If -------------------------------------------------------



Go away or I will call the police. If -------------------------------------------------------

EXERCISE1. She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know anyone there If ……………………………………………………………….2. I don’t have a spare ticket. I can’t take you to the concert If I ………………………………………………………………...3. The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn’t grow. If the children ………………………………………………………..4. They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find a solution If they …………………………………………………………….5. Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying.. If Carol ……………………………………………………6. Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night. If Rita ………………………………………………………7. He can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by car If he ……………………………………………………..8. The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone. If the flats …..………………………………………………………..9. I don’t know her e-mail address, so I can’t tell you If I …………………………………………………………………….10. She works in the evening. She has no time to play with her children If she ………………………………………………………………….11. He doesn’t see the signal so he doesn’t stop his car If he ………………………………………………………………….12. Peter gets bad marks because he doesn’t prepare his lessons well If Peter ………………………………………………………………13. Mary doesn’t have enough money. She can’t buy a new car.- If Mary ………………………………………………………………1. I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your house. A. hadn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't2. If you had caught the bus, you _____ late for work. A. wouldn't have been B. would have been C. wouldn’t be D. would be3. If I _____, I would express my feelings. A. were asked B. would ask C. had been asked D. asked4. If _____ as I told her, she would have succeeded. A. she has done B. she had done C. she does D. she did5. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary? A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It _____ better if you _____ to her. A. would have been / hadn't lied B. would be / didn't lie C. will be / don't lie D. would be / hadn't lied7. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business. A. would invest B. invested C. had investedD. invests8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _____ her to. A. wouldn’t advise B. won't advise C. hadn't advised D. didn't advise9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he _____ it up to take his kite down. A. could have climbed B. climb C. is climbing D. climbed10. If the wall weren't so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down. A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb11. If I _____ her phone number, I _____ her last night A. had known / could have phoned B. knew / would have phoned C. know / can phone D. knew / could phone12. If he ______ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him. A. tells B. told C. had told D. would tell13. If you press that button what _____? A. would happen B. would have happened C. will happen D. happen



15. I am very thin. I think, if I _____ smoking, I might get fat. A. stop B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped16. If I _____ that yesterday, I _____ them. A. had discovered / would inform B. had discovered / would have informed C. had discovered / could inform D. discovered / can inform17. If you _______ to the course regularly, they ________ a certificate last year. A. go / gave B. go / give C. had gone / would have given D. went / would give18. I think he is not at home. If he _____ in, he ______ the phone. A. was / answered B. were / would answer C. were / would have answered D.had been / would have answered19. If I ______ in London now, I could visit British Museum. A. were B. had been C. have been D. would be20. If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you _______ more good-looking. A. will be B. would be C. would have been D. can be21. If your hair _______grey now, what ______ you ________? A. went / would / do B. goes / would /do C. had gone / would/do D. had gone / would have / done24. If I ________ an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children. A. am B. have been C. were D. had been25. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business.26. What (you / say) ___________ if I offered you a job?27. The children always (get) ___________ frightened if they watch horror films28. If it (not be) _____________ for you, I would be late29. I can’t help feeling sorry for the hungry children. If only there (be) __________ peace in the world30. Were I to become president, my first act (be) __________ to help the poor31. If he (listen) _____________ to his father’s advice, he would still be working here.32. If she hadn’t stayed up late last night, she (not / be) ____________ tired now.33. If he (have) _______________free time, he will go swimming.34. Don’t go out if the wind (be) __________________ strong.35. If you (heat) ___________ice, it (turn) ___________into water.

REPORTED SPEECH (Câu tường thuật)Câu gián tiếp là câu dùng để thuật lại nội dung của lời nói trực tiếp.a. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì hiện tại thì khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta chỉ đổi ngôi; không

đổi thì của động từ và trạng từ.b. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì quá khứ thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta đổi ngôi, thì của

động từ, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.I. Thay đổi ngôi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu)

1. Ngôi thứ nhất: dựa vào chủ từ của mệnh đề tường thuật; thường đổi sang ngôi thứ baI → He / She me → him / her my → his / herWe → They us → them our → their

2. Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your)- Xét ý nghĩa của câu và đổi cho phù hợp, thường đổi dựa vào túc từ của mệnh đề tường thuật

3. Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên, không đổiII. Thay đổi về thì trong câu:

DIRECT INDIRECTSimple present - V1 /Vs(es)Present progressive – am / is / are + V-ingPresent perfect – have / has + P.PPresent perfect progressive – have / has been +V-ingSimple past – V2 / -edPast progressive – was / were + V-ingSimple future – will + V1

Simple past – V2 / V-edPast progressive – was / were + V-ingPast perfect – had + P.PPast perfect progressive - had been + V-ingPast perfect – had + P.PPast perfect progressive – had been +V-ingFuture in the past - would + V1



Future progressive will be + V-ing Future progressive in the past - would be + V-ing

III. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:DIRECT INDIRECT

NowHereThisTheseTodayTonightYesterdayLast yearTomorrowNext monthAgo

ThenThereThatThoseThat dayThat nightThe day before / the previous dayThe year before / the previous yearThe following day / the next day / the day afterThe following month / the next month / the month afterBefore

BẢNG ĐẠI TỪSubject Object Adjective possessive

IYouHeSheIt

WeThey

meyouhimheritus

them

Myyourhisheritsourtheir

CÁC THAY ĐỔI CỤ THỂ CHO TỪNG LOẠI CÂU TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP1. Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị - Mệnh lệnh khẳng định:

Direct: S + V + O: “V1 + O …” Indirect: S + asked / told + O + to + V1 + ….

Ex: He said to her: “Keep silent, please.” → He told her ------------------------------------ - Mệnh lệnh phủ định:

Direct: S + V + O: “Don’t + V1 + …”Indirect: S + asked / told + O + not + to+ V1 ….

Ex: The teacher said to the students: “Don’t talk in the class.” → The teacher -------------------------------------------------------------------2. Câu trần thuật

Direct: S + V + (O) : “clause”Indirect: S + told / said + (O) + (that) + clause

Note: said to → toldEx: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.” → Tom said (that) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.” → She told me (that) -------------------------------------------------------------------3. Câu hỏia. Yes – No question

Direct: S + V + (O) : “Aux. V + S + V1 + O….?” Indirect: S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V + O ….Ex: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?” → He asked Mary -------------------------------- “Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked → I asked Tan -------------------------------------------------b. Wh – question Direct: S + V + (O): “Wh- + Aux. V + S + V1 + O ?” Indirect: S + asked + O + Wh- + S + V + O.Ex: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me. → He asked me -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

EXERCISE



1. Julia said that she ________ there at noon.A. is going to be B. was going to be C. will be D. can be2. They asked me when _________ .A. did I arrive B. will I arrive C. I had arrived D. I can arrive3. The farmer said, “ I didn’t see her.”---> The farmer said ____ her.A. he had seen B. I hadn’t seen C. she didn’t see D. he hadn’t seen4. Mr Brown said, “I watched TV last night.” -- -> Mr Brown said that he _______ TV the night before.A. was watching B. watched C. had watched D. has watched5. The teacher said Columbus ________ America in 1492.A. discovered B. had discovered C. was discovering D. would discover6. Mary said, “ I want to give up my job.” -> Mary said that ...........................A. she wants to give up her job. C. she wanted to give up my job.B. I wanted to give up her job. D. she wanted to give up7.Mary said ,”I have not seen Peter since last month .”A. Mary said she has not seen Peter since the previous month.B. Mary said she had not seen Peter since the previous month .C. Mary said she was not seen Peter since the previous month.D. Mary said she doesn’t see Peter since the previous month 8. “ I want to go on holiday but I don’t know where to go.” ---> Tom said that _________________________________________A. he wanted to go on holiday but he doesn’t know where to go.B. he wants to go on holiday but he didn’t know where to go.C. he wanted to go on holiday but he didn’t know where to go.D. I wanted to go on holiday but I didn’t know where to go.9. Mary said : “ What will you do this evening, John ?”A. Mary asked John what would he do that evening.B. Mary asked John what John did that evening.C. Mary wanted to know what she and John would do that evening.D. Mary wanted to know what John would do that evening.10. He said to them, “Don't tell me such a nonsense!”A. He told them not to tell him such a nonsense. B. He told them to tell him such a nonsense.C. He told them not to tell them such a nonsense. D. He told them to tell them such a nonsense11. “I don't know what Fred is doing," said my sister.A. My sister said that she didn't know what Fred was doing.B. My sister said she doesn't know what Fred is doing.C. My sister said that I don't know what Fred is doing.D. My sister said that she hasn't known what Fred was doing12 . “I’ve been playing tennis a lot lately," John said.A. John said that I have been playing tennis a lot lately.B. John said that he has been playing tennis a lot lately.C. John said that he had been playing tennis a lot lately.D. John said that she had been playing tennis a lot lately.13. The mother asked her son _______.A. where he has been B. where he had been C. where has he been D. where had he been14) John said to Mary, “I will give you a new bike next summer.” John told 15) “I’m looking for the book you gave me last week,” Mary said to Peter. Mary told Peter 16) Tom said: “I must leave now.” Tom 17) "I will get myself a drink," she said. She said 18) "I cannot drive you home," he said to her. He said



19) "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she said. She 20) "I will go to the movie with you," he said to me. He said 21) I asked him: “How do you go to school?” I ______________________________________________________ 22) “Why do you come home late,” James asked him. James 23) Henry said to his mother, “Come and spend a week with us.” Henry told 24) He said to me, “Keep a seat for me in the theatre.” He 25) Mike said to Henry, “Give me my book back, please.” Mike 26) "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said. She 27) He said, "Don't go too far." He 28) "Don't make so much noise," he said. He 29) She said: “I won’t buy this car because it is too old.” _________________________________________________________30) They said: “We are doing the exercise now.” _________________________________________________________31) “Do you like classical music?” he asked me. __________________________________________________________32) Mary asked John: “Can you play the guitar?” __________________________________________________________

TAG QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi đuôi)1. Quy tắc chung:- Câu nói và phần đuôi luôn ở dạng đối nhau

Ex: The children are playing in the yard, aren’t they? They can’t swim, can they?- Chủ từ của câu nói là đại từ, ta lặp lại đại từ nàyEx: She is a doctor, isn’t she?- Chủ từ là danh từ, ta dùng đại từ tương ứng thay thếEx: People speak English all over the world, don’t they?- Đại từ bất định nothing, everything: được thay bằng “it”Ex: Everything is ready, isn’t it?- Các đại từ no one, nobody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody: được thay bằng “they”Ex: Someone called me last night, didn’t they?- Đại từ this / that được thay bằng “it”; these / those được thay bằng “they”Ex:That is his car, isn’t it? These are your new shoes, aren’t they?- “There” trong cấu trúc “there + be” được dùng lại ở phần đuôiEx: There aren’t any students in the classroom, are there? - Câu nói có trợ động từ (will / can / shall / should / is / are …): trợ động từ được lặp lại ở phần đuôiEx: You will come early, won’t you?- Câu nói không có trợ động từ: trợ động từ do / does / did được dùng ở phần đuôiEx: It rained yesterday, didn’t it? She works in a restaurant, doesn’t she?- Câu nói có chứa các từ phủ định thì phần đuôi khẳng đ5nhEx: He never comes late, does he?


câu nói khẳng định, đuôi phủ định?câu nói phủ định, đuôi khẳng định?


Note: Động từ trong phần đuôi ở phủ định thì luôn được viết ở dạng rút gọn.2. Một số trường hợp đặc biệt:- Phần đuôi của I AM là AREN’T IEx: I am writing a letter, aren’t I? - Phần đuôi của Let’s là SHALL WEEx: Let’s go out tonight, shall we?- Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định:

+ dùng phần đuôi WON’T YOU để diễn tả lời mời+ dùng phần đuôi WILL / WOULD / CAN / CAN’T YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch sự

Ex: Have a piece of cake, won’t you? Close the door, will you?- Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định: dùng phần đuôi WILL YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch sựEx: Please don’t smoke her, will you?- Phần đuôi của ought to là SHOULDN’TEx: She ought to do exercise every morning, shouldn’t she?

EXERCISE1. You’re going to school tomorrow, ____________?2. Daisy signed the petition, ___________________?3. There’s an exam tomorrow, _________________?4. He will be attending the university in September, ____________?5. She’s been studying English foe two years, ___________________?6. It doesn’t work, _______________?7. Let’s go fishing, ____________?8. Jill and Joe have been to Mexico, _______________?9. You will stay in touch, ____________?10. You didn’t know I was an artist, _________________?11. It is quite warm, ____________?12. We should call Rita, _______________?

A. should we B. shouldn’t we C. shall we D. should not we13. Monkeys can’t sing, ______________?

A. can they B. can it C. can’t they D. can’t it14. These books aren’t yours, ____________?

A. are these B. aren’t these C. are they D. aren’t they15. That’s Bod’s, ____________?

A. is that B. isn’t it C. isn’t that D. is it16. No one died in the accident, ______________?

A. did they B. didn’t they C. did he D. didn’t he17. The air-hostess knows the time she has been here, ______________?

A. does she B. isn’t it C. doesn’t she D. did she18. This is the second time she’s been here, ______________?

A. isn’t this B. isn’t it C. has she D. hasn’t she19. They must do as they are told, ________________?

A. mustn’t they B. must they C. are they D. aren’t they20. He hardly has anything nowadays, _________________?

A. hasn’t she B. has he C. doesn’t he D. does she21. You’ve never been in Italy, _________________?

A. have you B. haven’t you C. been you D. had you22. He never goes to school late, __________?23. Let’s go somewhere for a drink, _________?24. You don’t like coffee, __________?25. Peter plays soccer very well, __________?

INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS (To-inf và V-ing)1. To-infinitive



- Sau các động từ: Agre , appear, afford, ask, demand, expect, hesitate, intend, invite, want, wish, hope, promise, decide, tell, refuse, learn, fail (thất bại), plan, manage, pretend (giả vờ), remind, persuade, encourage, force, order, urge (thúc giục), seem, tend, threaten,…- Trong các cấu trúc: + It takes / took + O + thời gian + to-inf + chỉ mục đích (để) + sau các từ hỏi: what, where, when, how, … + It + be + adj + to-inf: thật … để ..Ex: It is interesting to study English + S + be + adj + to-infEx: I’m happy to receive your latter. + S + V + too + adj / adv + to-inf + S + V + adj / adv + enough + to-inf + S + find / think / believe + it + adj + to-infEx: I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary.- Sau các từ nghi vấn: what, who, which, when, where, how ,… (nhưng thường không dùng sau why)Ex: I don’t know what to say.* Note:- allow / permit/ advise / recommend + O + to-inf She allowed me to use her pen.- allow / permit / advise / recommend + V-ing She didn’t allow smoking in her room.2. Bare infinitive (V1)Động từ nguyên mẫu không to được dùng:- Sau động từ khiếm khuyết: can, will, shall, could, would,…- Sau các động từ: let, make, would rather, had betterEx: They made him repeat the whole story.- Help + to-inf / V1 / with NounEx: He usually helps his sister to do her homework. He usually helps his sister do her homework. He usually helps his sister with her homework.

II. GERUND (V-ing)- Sau các động từ: enjoy, avoid, admit, appreciate (đánh giá cao), mind (quan tâm, ngại), finish, practice, suggest, postpone (hoãn lại), consider (xem xét), hate, admit (thừa nhận), like, love, deny (phủ nhận), detest (ghét), keep (tiếp tục), miss (bỏ lỡ), imagine (tưởng tượng), mention, risk, delay (trì hoãn), ….- Sau các cụm động từ: cant’ help (không thể không), can’t bear / can’t stand (không thể chịu được), be used to, get used to, look forward to, it’s no use / it’s no good (không có ích lợi gì), be busy, be worth (đáng giá)- Sau giới từ: in, on, at, from, to, about …- Sau các liên từ: after, before, when, while, since,…Ex: You should lock the door when leaving your room. - S + spend / waste + time / money + V-ingEx: I spent thirty minutes doing this exercise.

III. INFINITIVE OR GERUND1. Không thay đổi nghĩa:- begin / start / continue/ like / love + To-inf / V-ingEx: It started to rain / raining.2. Thay đổi nghĩa:

+ remember / forget / regret + V-ing: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc đã xảy ra rồi (trong quá khứ)+ remember / forget / regret + to-inf: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc chưa, sắp xảy ra (trong tương lai)

Ex: Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed. I remember meeting you some where but I can’t know your name. Remember to send her some flowers because today is her birthday.

+ stop + V-ing: dừng hẳn việc gì+ stop + to-inf: dừng ….. để …

Ex: He stopped smoking because it is harmful for his health. On the way home, I stopped at the post office to buy a newspaper.

+ try + V-ing: thử+ try + to-inf: cố gắng



+ need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: cần được (bị động)+ need + to-inf: cần (chủ động)

Ex: I need to wash my car. My car is very dirty. It needs washing / to be washed. + Cấu trúc nhờ vả:

S + have + O người + V1 + O vật ...S + have + O vật + V3 + (by + O người) ...S + get + O người + to-inf + O vậtS + get + O vật + V3 + (by + O người)

EXERCISE1. When will you finish (repair) _____________ my car?2. Don’t forget (do) _______________ your homework.3. Would you mind (buy) ____________ me a newspaper?4. I’m interested in (play) ______________computer games.5. My father likes (read) ___________ newspapers before going to work.6. My grandfather is used to (get) _____________ up early in the morning.7. They are looking forward to our (visit) _______________them.8. He used to fall asleep without (take) ___________ his shoes off.9. My watch keeps (stop) ___________.10. I remember (meet) ____________ you somewhere last month.11. Why do you decide (choose) _____________this book?12. Would you like (come) _____________to my party?

1. It takes me ten minutes _________to school every day.A. walking B. to walk C. walk D. walked

2. We expect him ______________ tomorrow.A. arrive B. arriving C. to arrive D. will arrive

3. Would you mind not _________ the radio on until I’ve finished with this phone call? A. turning B. to turn C. being turned D. to be turned

4. Would you like __________to my birthday party?A. coming B. come C. came D. to come

5. I tried ___________the bus, but I missed it.A. catch B. catching C. to catch D. caught

6. Everyday I spend two hours _________ speaking English. A. practise B. to practise C. practising D. practised 7. Tommy admitted _________ the rock through the window. A. throwing B. being throwing C. to throw D. to be thrown 8. He suggested _________ a double railway tunnel. A. to build B. built C. building D. that building 9. The children stopped ___________ games when their mother came home. A. playing B. play C. to play D. played 10. I can’t go on __________ here any more. I want a different job. A. working B. to work C. work D. worked 11. My uncle has given up ___________ for 3 years. A. to smoke B. smoking C. smoke D. smoked

12. Remember _____________Lan a present because today is her birthday.A. send B. sending C. to send D. sent

13. We were allowed ___________ photographs in this room.A. sell B. to sell C. selling D. sold

14. It’s not good to avoid _________ the teacher’s questions in class. A. answer B. answering C. answered D. to answer 15. Your house needs _________ . A. redecorate B. redecorating C. redecorated D. to redecorate 16. Please wait a minute. My boss is busy ________ something. A. to write B. write C. wrote D. writing 17. It is no good _________ sorry for yourself. A. to feel B. feeling C. feel D. felt

18. It took me a very long time recovering from the shock of her death.



A B C D19. Remember taking off your shoes when you are in a Japanese house.

A B C D20. My parents permitted me going out at weekends.

A B C D21. Money is used to buying food and clothes.

A BC D22. He often lets me to use his mobile phone.

A B C

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS (Tính từ và trạng từ)1. Tính từ:- Đứng trước danh từ: adj + N - Sau động từ to be - Sau các động từ liên kết như: become, get, feel, look, seem, taste, smell, sound,…- Sau các đại từ bất định: something, anything, everything, nothing, somebody, someone, anybody, anything,…- Trước enough- Trong cấu trúc so + adj + that2. Trạng từ:- Đứng sau động từ thường - be + adv + V3/-ed Note: trạng từ well đứng sau độn từ to be để chỉ sức khỏe- Một số từ vừa là tính từ, vừa là trạng từ: fast (nhanh), hard, early, late (trễ)3. Tính từ + Mệnh đề Một số tính từ chỉ cảm giác như: glad, happy, pleased, delighted, excited, sorry, disappointed, amazed, có thể có một mệnh đề theo sauEx: We are happy that you won the scholarship. Adj

ADVERB CLAUSES OF REASON (Mệnh đề chỉ lý do)1. Mệnh đề chỉ lý do: Because / As / Since + S + V2. Cụm từ chỉ lý do Because of / Due to + V-ing / Noun3. Cách rút gọn mệnh đề lý do sang cụm từ chỉ lý doa. …. because + đại từ + be + adj .

→ because of + tính từ sở hữu + Nb. …because + N + be + adj

→ because of + the + adj + Nc. . …because + S + V + O

→ because of + V-ing + O (2chủ từ phải giống nhau)4. Một số tính từ, danh từ thông dụng

- lazy (a) laziness (n) - poor (a) poverty (n)- happy (a) happiness (n)- dark (a) darkness (n)- intelligent (a) intelligence (n)- old (a) age (n)

CONNECTIVES (Từ nối)

1. and (và): dùng để thêm thông tin bổ sung2. or (hoặc): diễn tả sự lựa chọn



3. but (nhưng): nối hai ý tương phản nhau4. so (vì thế, do đó): diễn tả hậu quả5. therefore (vì thế, do đó): đồng nghĩa với so, chỉ hậu quả6. however (tuy nhiên): diễn tả sự tương phản, đồng nghĩa với but

EXERCISE1. He drives very (careful / carefully)2. She was (unhappy / unhappily) because of her bad result.3. They speak English quite (good / well)4. You look (terrible / terribly). Are you all right?5. She sings very (beautiful / beautifully)6. Be (careful / carefully)! The teacher is looking at you.7. It is an (interesting / interestingly) film.Rewrite sentences using “BECAUSE”, “AND”, “BUT”, “SO”, “OR”, …8. He left school because of his hard life.9. It was very dark. I couldn’t see anything.10. He couln’t meet you. He is very busy.11. She was sick. She went to bed early.12. She can’t work hard because of her age.13. Tom is sick. He must go to school today.14. You must study harder. You will go into another class.15. The air in the countryside is very fresh. People like to live there.

PHRASAL VERBS (Động từ kép)

- Động từ kép là động từ được cấu tạo bởi một động từ với một tiểu từ hay một giới từ hay cả tiểu từ và giới từ.1. Một số động từ kép thường gặp:- turn on: bật, mở - turn off: tắt- turn down: vặn nhỏ - turn up vặn lớn- look for tìm kiếm - look after chăm sóc = take care of- go on tiếp tục = continue - give up từ bỏ = stop- try on mặc thử - put on mặc vào- wait for chờ, đợi - depend on dựa vào- escape from thoát khỏi - go out đi chơi- go away đi xa - lie down nằm xuống- come back quay về - throw away quăng, ném- take off cất cánh, tháo ra - break down hư hỏng- run out (of) cạn kiệt2. Một số tính từ có giới từ đi kèm:- interested in thích, quan tâm - bored with chán- fond of thích thú - afraid of sợ- full of đầy ấp, nhiều - capable of có khả năng- next to kế bên - accustomed to quen với- famous for nổi tiếng về - sorry for lấy làm tiếc- late for trễ - good at giỏi về- surprised at ngạc nhiên về - popular with phổ biến với- busy with bận rộn - worry about lo lắng về- succeed in thành công - different from khác với- belong to thuộc về - borrow from mượn từ- It’s very kind of you to-inf bạn thật tốt bụng khi …. - good for / bad for tốt / xấu cho1. Do you want to stop in this town, or shall we _______?

A. turn on B. turn off C. go on D. look after2. Who will ________ the children while you go out to work?

A. look for B. look up C. look after D. look at3. Please ________ the light, it’s getting dark here.

A. turn on B. turn off C. turn over D. turn into4. The nurse has to _________ the patients at the midnight.

A. look after B. look up C. look at C. look for



5. There is an inflation. The prices __________.A. are going on B. are going down C. are going over D. are going up

6. Remember to _______ your shoes when you are in a Japanese house.A. take care B. take on C. take over D. take off

7. You can __________ the new words in the dictionary.A. look for B. look after C. look up D. look at

8. It’s cold outside. __________ your coat. A. Put on B. Put down C. Put off D. Put into

9. 15.If you want to be healthy, you should__________ your bad habits in your lifestyles. A give up B call off C break down D get over

10. “Please turn up the radio, I can’t concentrate on my work” A B C D

11. You can look __________ these new words in the dictionary if you don't know their meanings.A. up B. after C. for D. out

12. We give each other presents …………. Christmas.13. Don’t sit …………. the floor.14. I’m going away …………. the end of January.15. I’m not going out yet. I’m waiting ………….the rain to stop.A. for B. away C. from D. up16. I look stupid with this haircut. Everyone will laugh ………….me.A. in B. at C. into D. away17. Tom has gone to France ………….holiday.A. on B. over C. for D. down18. Are you interested ………….art and architecture.A. from B. for C. up D. in19. Mary is very fond ………….animals. She has three cats and two dogs.A. about B. since C. of D. between20. He was proud ………….himself for not giving up.A. of B. during C. after D. under21. Remember to turn ……………the light before you go to bed.22. You should take ……………your shoes when you go into a temple.23. I want to turn ………………the radio to hear the news.24. I lost my pen. I have looked ……………it all morning.15. She stays at home because she has to look ………….her baby.

MAKING SUGGESTIONS (Đưa ra lời đề nghị)

* Các mẫu câu đề nghị:- Let’s + V1: - Shall we + V1…?- How about / What about + V-ing….?- Why don’t we + V1 ….?Để trả lời cho câu đề nghị ta dùng:

- Đồng ý: + Yes, let’s. + OK. Good idea. + Great. Go ahead. + Sounds interesting. + That’s a good idea. + All right.- Từ chối / Không đồng ý: + No, let’s not. + I don’t think it’s a good idea. + No. Why don’t we + V1 ….? + No. I don’t want to. + I prefer to …….

* Câu đề nghị với động từ suggest:S + suggest + V-ing ……….S + suggest + that + S + should + V1 ……….. (từ that không được bỏ)

S + suggest + that + S + shouldn’t + V1



EXERCISE1. He uses plastic bags to wrap food. - I suggest _____________________________________________2. Why don’t we go for a walk? - He suggested _________________________________________3. His motorbike uses too much gas. - I suggest _____________________________________________4. There are many cracks in your bikes. - I suggest _____________________________________________5. Let’s have some drink. - I suggest _____________________________________________

RELATIVE CLAUSES (Mệnh đề quan hệ)* Đại từ quan hệ:1. WHO: chủ từ, chỉ người N (người) + WHO + V + O ….2. WHOM:

- làm túc từ, chỉ người

…..N (người) + WHOM + S + V

3. WHICH:

- làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ, chỉ vật

….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O

….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V

4. THAT:

- có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định

* Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”:

- khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất

- khi đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last

- khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone,

anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none.

- khi danh từ đi trước bao gồm cả người và vật

* Các trường hợp không dùng that:

- trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định

- sau giới từ

5. WHOSE: dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his, their, hoặc hình

thức ‘s

…..N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V ….

6. WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that reason.

…..N (reason) + WHY + S + V …

7. WHERE: thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there

….N (place) + WHERE + S + V ….

(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)

8. WHEN: thay thế từ chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then

….N (time) + WHEN + S + V …

(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)

* Mệnh đề quan hệ



1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định: dùng khi danh từ không xác định, không có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề

chính.

2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định: dùng khi danh từ xác định, có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính.

1) I couldn't remember the time ______ there was no internet.A. what B. who C. which D. when2) The restaurant ______ we had our dinner was the most expensive in this city.A. where B. which C. when D. that3) The top model about ______ I was telling you is on TV now.A. who B. which C. that D. whom4) Are you the student ______ mother called me yesterday?A. whose B. who C. that D. when5) Mary, _____ has only been in Japan for 3 months, speaks Japanese perfectly.A. that B. whom C. which D. who6) Who is your daughter? She is the child ______ has long, straight hair.A. whose B. who C. which D. when7) I don't think my ex-girl friend will remember the day _____ we saw each other for the first time.A. which B. on which C. at which D. why8) August is the month ______ I always give my birthday parties.A. which B. in which C. what D. why9) The purse ______ she had lost last week was found yesterday.A. which B. what C. whose D. whom10) The old lady ______ we were travelling told us her life story.A. of whom B. with whom C. whose D. whom11) She says the exam, _________ she took yesterday, was full of hard questions.A. which B. that C. whom D. who12) I called my cousin, ______ is a mechanic, to fix my car, ______ was broken.A. who/ which B. that/ all of which C. who/ all of which D. who/ what13) My only blue tie, _______ Richard wants to wear, is really an expensive one.A. that B. whose C. which D. whom14) This is the village ______ my family and I lived for six years.A. in which B. that C. on which D. in where15) She is a famous actress ______ everybody admires.A. to whom B. whom C. to which D. of whom16) The food ______ I like best of all is pie alamode.A. who B. whose C. whom D. that17) Justine, ______ parents live in Christchurch, has gone to Southampton.A. whom B. which C. to whom D. whose18) The old building _____ was behind the local church fell down.A. of which B. which C. whose D. whom19. That is the man who he told me the bad news. A B C D20. I don’t know the reason on when Jonathan was sacked. A B C D21. The man whom helped you yesterday is a television reporter.

A B C D22. What is the name of the girl whom has just come in? A B C D23. Do you know the reason when Englishmen travel on the left side of the streets? A B C D 24. I’ll never forget the day. I met you on that day. 25. The town was small. I grew up there. 26. 1960 was the year. The revolution took place in that year. 27. I apologized to the woman. I spilled her coffee.



28. They’re the postcards. They arrived yesterday. 29. The children sang aloud all night. This kept their parents awake. 30. Maria is studying in New York City. The city is called the “ Big Apple”. _____________________________________________________________

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION (Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ)

1. Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ:

Although / Even though / Though + S + V, S + V + O: mặc dù

2. Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ:

Despite / in spite of + V-ing / Noun phrase: mặc dù

3. Rút gọn mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ thành cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ:

a. Though / although + đại từ + be + adj.

→ Despite / In spite of + tính từ sở hữu + N

b. Though / although + N + be + adj.

Despite / in spite of + the + adj. + N

c. Though / although + S + V + O

Despite / in spite of + V-ing + O (2 chủ từ phải giống nhau)

EXERCISERewrite sentences using “ALTHOUGH”, “DESPITE”, “IN SPITE OF”1. She didn’t eat much. She was hungry.2. The plane took off. The weather was bad.3. He is very strong. I’m not afraid of him.4. We could do the test. It was very difficult.5. Although it got dard, they continue to work.6. She works very hard although she is old.7. Despite the bad weather, we went out.8. Though she is poor, she lived very happily.

MODALS (Động từ khiếm khuyết)1. May / might KĐ: May / Might + V1: PĐ : May / Might not + V1: diễn tả - sự suy đoán (không chắc chắn) - sự xin phép, cho phép2. Must / mustn’t Must +V1: (phải), diễn tả điều bắt buộc (có tính chủ quan) Mustn’t + V1: (không được), diễn tả một sự cấm đoán.3. have to + V1: phải, (có tính khách quan)Note: Quá khứ của have to là had to + V1 Phủ định của have to là don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + V14. should + V1 = ought to + V1: nên

CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF RESULT (Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ kết quả)

1. Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả:



a. so ….that (quá … đến nỗi)S+ be + so + adj. + that + S + V ……

S+ V thường + so + adv. + that + S + V …… a. such …. that (quá … đến nỗi)

S+ V + such (a/an) + N + that + S + V …… 2. Cụm từ chỉ kết quả: a. enough ….to (đủ …..để có thể)

S + be + adj. + enough (for O) + to-inf. (dùng for+ O khi 2 chủ từ khác nhau) S + V thường + adv. + enough (for O) + to-inf. S + V + enough + N + to-inf.

b. too ….to (quá ….không thể)

S + be (look / seem / become / get) + too + adj. (for O) + to-inf. S + V thường + too + adv. (for O) + to-inf.

COMPARISONS (So sánh)1. So sánh bằng:

S + be + as + adj. + as + ….S + V thường + as + adv. + as+ ….

2. So sánh hơn: a. Tính từ / Trạng từ ngắn:

S + V + adj. / adv. + ER + THAN + ….. b. Tính từ / Trạng từ dài:

S + V + MORE + adj. / adv. + THAN + …..3. So sánh nhất: a. Tính từ / Trạng từ ngắn:

S + V + THE + adj. / adv. + EST + ….. b. Tính từ / Trạng từ dài:

S + V + THE MOST + adj. / adv. + …..4. Một số tính từ, trạng từ bất qui tắc

Good / well better the best Bad / badly worse the worst Far further the furthest farther the farthest Much / many more the most Little less the least

Few fewer the fewest Happy happier the happiest

Lazy lazier laziest Clever cleverer the cleverest Narrow narrower the narrowest

EXERCISE1. Mr. Brown receives a ............. salary than anyone else in the company.A. big B. more bigger C. bigger D. the bigger2. My young brother grew very quickly and soon he was ........... my mother.A. more big than B. so big than C. as big as D. too big than3. He is not ……………………tall as his father.A. the B. as C. than D. more4. John’s grades are ………………..than his sister’s.A. higher B. more high C. high D. the highest5. Deana is the …………………… of the three sisters.A. most short B. shorter C. shortest D. more short6. She speaks English as ………………. as her friend does.A. good B. well C. better D. the best7. Of the three shirts, this one is the ………………… .



A. prettier B. most prettiest C. prettiest D. most pretty8. The baby’s illness is ………………… than we thought at first.A. bad B. worst C. worse D. badly9. Today is the ………………… day of the month.A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. hottest than10 He works more ………………….. than I.A. slow B. slowly C. slowest D. most slowly11. My book is as …………………. as yours.A. good B. well C. better D. the best12. I love you ………………….. than I can say.A. much B. many C. more D. the most 13. It’s ……………… to go by bus than by car.A. cheaper B. cheapest C. more cheap D. more cheaper14. That house is ……………… one on the street.A. oldest B. the oldest C. old D. older15. I can't cook as well as my mother does.A. My mother can cook better than I can. B. My mother can't cook better than I can.C. My mother can cook well than I can. D. I can cook better than my mother can.16. My interview lasted longer than yours.A. Your interview wasn’t as short as mine.B. Your interview was shorter than mine.C. Your interview was as long as mine.D. Your interview was longer than mine.

TỪ CHỈ SỐ LƯỢNG- many + N đếm được số nhiều: nhiều- much + N không đếm được: nhiều- few + N đếm được số nhiều: ít (không đủ để dùng)- a few + N đếm được số nhiều: ít (đủ để dùng)- some + N đếm được, không đếm được: một vài, một ít- a lot of + N đếm được, không đếm được: nhiều- little + N không đếm được: ít (không đủ để dùng)- a little + N không đếm được: ít (đủ để dùng)

HIỆN TẠI PHÂN TỪ VÀ QUÁ KHỨ PHÂN TỪ (-ing and –ed participles)

- Hiện tại phân từ: thường dùng miêu tả vật, mang ý chủ động- Quá khứ phân từ thường dùng miêu tả người, mang ý bị động* Một số hiện tại phân từ và quá khứ phân từ thường gặp Ex: suprise surprising surprised ngạc nhiên1. bore boring bored chán, dở2. excite exciting excited hào hứng, phấn khởi3. interest interesting interested thú vị, hứng thú4. amuse amusing amused buồn cười, vui nhộn5. disappoint disappointing disappointed thất vọng6. tire tiring tired mệt mỏi

MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC KHÁC1. Lối nói phụ họa:a. Đồng ý theo một câu khẳng định, dùng: - S + V trợ + too. - So + V trợ + S.b. Đồng ý theo câu phủ định, dùng: - S + V trợ (phủ định) + either. - Neither + V trợ (khẳng định) + S.2. Would you mind / Do you mind + V-ing ….?



Do you mind if I + V (Hiện tại đơn)….? Would you mind if I + V (Quá khứ đơn) ….?3. Đổi thì quá khứ đơn sang hiện tại hoàn thành

S + last + V quá khứ đơn + thời gian + ago.- S + V hiện tại hoàn thành (phủ định) + for + thời gian- It’s + thời gian + since + S + last + V quá khứ đơn.- The last time + S + V quá khứ đơn + was + thời gian + ago.

Ex: I last went to Dalat nine years ago. - I ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - It -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - The -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

This is the first time + S + HTHT khẳng định- S + HTHT never + before

Ex: This is the first time I have visited Hanoi. - I -------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. used to KĐ: S + used to + V1 (đã từng) PĐ: S + didn’t use to + V1 (không từng) NV: Did + S + use to + V1 ..? (có từng ….không)5. be used to / get used to + V-ing: quen với6. It takes / took + O + time + to-inf….

7. S người + spend + time + V-ing…

8. It is + adj. + to-inf .. → V-ing + be + adj. : thật ….. để ….

9. Cụm từ chỉ mục đích:S + V + to / in order to / so as to + V1: đểS + V + in order not to / so as not to + V1: để không

EXERCISE1. It’s 2 years since I saw him.

I haven’t ............................................................................................................................2. Hung is busy.

Hung wishes ...................................................................................................................3. Her daughter cannot speak English.

She wishes .......................................................................................................................4. The weather is too cold, so we can’t go swimming.

If .....................................................................................................................................5. I can’t buy the house because it is too expensive.

If .....................................................................................................................................6. Mary asked, “Tom, who will open the box for me?”

Mary ...............................................................................................................................7. The teacher asked him, “Do you think before you answer?”

The teacher .....................................................................................................................8. He said to me, “ Shut the door”

He ....................................................................................................................................9. The guide said to us, “Don’t touch this picture.”

The guide ..........................................................................................................................10. She sings beautifully.

She is ..............................................................................................................................11. We run fast.

We are .............................................................................................................................12. He is a good dancer.

He ...................................................................................................................................13. She is a slow worker.

She ...................................................................................................................................14. Mary will come. Peter will be happy.



If Mary ............................................................................................................................15. The teacher will correct it. We will understand it.

If .....................................................................................................................................16. Ronaldo wins the gold ball of FIFA.

The gold ball ..................................................................................................................17. Mr. Hung keeps a large collection of medals.

A large ...........................................................................................................................18. The principle bought many teaching aids for our school.

Many teaching aids ........................................................................................................19. Minh Quang caught the ball easily.

The ball ..........................................................................................................................20. They have just held an English workshop.

An English workshop ...................................................................................................21.Let’s have a picnic.

What do you think about…………………………………….……………….…….?22. What do you think about traveling to Dalat?

I think we should………………………………..................................…….………23. He likes to go for a walk.

He enjoys………………………………………………………..…………....……24. I love to watch TV.

I am interested in……………………………………………………………………25. We started playing volleyball 2 months ago.

We have……………………………………………................................……...…..26. It’s important to protect the environment.

Protecting ……………………………………………………………………………27. He studies hard because he want to get a scholarship.

He studies hard in …………………………………………………………………..28. I spent two hours doing this exercise.

It took me ……………………………………………………………………………

PRONUNCIATIONI. CÁCH PHÁT ÂM -S/-ES- Có 3 cách phát âm –s hoặc –es tận cùng.

* đọc thành âm /iz/ với những từ có âm cuối là / s, z, ∫, t∫, d /* đọc thành âm /s/ với những từ có âm cuối là / p, t, k, f, θ /* đọc thành âm /z/ với những trường hợp còn lại

II. CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –ED- Có 3 cách phát âm –ed tận cùng.

* đọc thành âm /id/ với những từ có âm cuối là / t, d /* đọc thành âm /t/ với những từ có âm cuối là /p, f, k, s, ∫, t∫, θ /* đọc thành âm /d/ với những trường hợp còn lại

III. TRỌNG ÂM - Danh từ tận cùng –OO hay –OON: trọng âm đặt trên vần này

Ex: after’noon, bam’boo, bal’loon……..- Những từ có hậu tố là: -ade, -ee, -ese, -ette, -ique, -eer, -ain thì trọng âm chính rơi vào ngay âm tiết đó Ex: lemo’nade, ciga’rette, Vietna’mese, …- Âm tiết liền trước các hậu tố -tion, -ical, -ual, -ian, -ical, -ity, -graphy, -ics, -logy thường nhận trọng âm Ex:, trans’lation, eco’nomic, uni’versity, poli’tician, soci’ology, mathe’matics- Đặt ở âm thứ 2 trước các hậu tố -ize, -ary Ex: ‘modernize, ‘dictionary, i’maginaryEXERCISE1. A. hoped B. laughed C. marked D. smiled2. A. watched B. washed C. stopped D. earned 3. A. books B. roofs C. woods D. boots4. A. excite B. wish C. smile D. ripe5. A. bicycle B. style C. type D. cycle6. A. watched B. stopped C. cleaned D. worked7. A. their B. thank C. that D. they



8. A. house B. home C. holiday D. hour9 A. nice B. drive C. advise D. live10. A. dangerous B. play C. paper D. garden

11. A. shops B. notes C. calls D. walks12. A. changed B. learned C. laughed D. played13. A. chair B. chin C. chemical D. check14. A. too B. food C. soon D. good15. A. that B. three C. thank D. think16. A. allows B. bets C. pours D. tells17. A. cheap B. lunch C. machine D. armchair18. A. added B. boasted C. closed D. tented19. A. that B. this C. think D. mother20. A. would B. south C. count D. mouth21. A. claimed B. walked C. laughed D. helped22. A. character B. christmas C. chemistry D. change23. A. ghost B. honest C. home D. hour24. A. stays B. plays C. lays D. says25. A. boxes B. washes C. watches D. goes

26. A. compulsory B. casual C. comprise D. impress27. A. charity B. benefit C. pesticide D. computer 28 A. considerate B. distinguish C. predict D. sticky29. A. economic B. embroider C. encourage D. minority30 A. family B. afternoon C. damage D. carriage

THÀNH LẬP TỪ, TỪ LOẠI1. Cách nhận biết từ loại: a. Cánh nhận biết danh từ: danh từ thường có các hậu tố sau:

- tion / ation invention, information-ment development, instrument- ence / ance difference, importance- ness happiness, business- er (chỉ người) teacher, worker, writer, singer- or (chỉ người) inventor, actor- ist (chỉ người) physicist, biologist

b. Cánh nhận biết tính từ: tính từ thường có các hậu tố sau:- ful useful, helpful, beautiful- less (nghĩa phủ định) homeless, careless (noun) - al (thuộc về) natural, agricultural- ous dangerous, famous- ive expensive, active- ic electric, economic- able fashionable, comfortable

c . Cánh nhận biết trạng từ: trạng từ thường có hậu tố -LY. Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently ...Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ:

- good (a) well (adv): giỏi, tốt- late (a) late trễ, chậm lately (adv): mới đây, gần đây

- ill (a) ill (adv): xấu, tồi, kém- fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh- hard (a) hard (adv): tích cực, vất vả, chăm chỉ hardly (adv): hầu như không

2. Chức năng của một số từ loại:a. Danh từ (Noun)

Sau tính từ (adj + N) They are interesting books.Sau- mạo từ: a /an / the- từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those, every, each, …

He is a student.These flowers are beautiful.



- từ chỉ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several ...- tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their, its…

She needs some water.

Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O) She buys books.She meets a lot of people.

Sau giới từ (prep. + N) He talked about the story yesterday.He is interested in music.

Trước V chia thì (N làm chủ từ) The main has just arrived.Sau enough (enough + N) I don’t have enough money to buy that house.

b. Tính từ (Adj)

Trước N (Adj + N) This is an interesting books.Sau TO BE I am tired.Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem … It becomes hot.

She feels sad.Sau trạng từ (adv + adj) It is extremely cold.

I’m terribly sorry.She is very beautiful.

Sau too ( be + too + adj) That house is too small.Trước enough (be + adj + enough) The house isn’t large enough. Trong cấu trúc: be + so + adj + that She was so angry that she can’t speak.A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, … + (Adj) + Noun

My new car is blue.

c. Trạng từ (Adv)

Sau V thường He drove carefully.Trước Adj I meet an extremely handsome man.Giữa cụm động từ (Have + V3 / be + V3) She has already finished the job.Đầu câu hoặc trước dấu phẩy Unfortunately, I couldn’t come the party.Sau too V + too + adv They walked too slowly to catch the bus.Trong cấu trúc V + so + adv + that Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.Trước enough V + adv + enough You should write clearly enough for every body to read.

EXERCISEGive the correct form of the word in brackets:1. Na is the most ………………………… in her class. (beauty)2. She was really .............................................. by the beauty of the city. (impress)3. Hanoi people are very .................................................... . (friend)4. Their ....................................... made me happy. (friend)5. Many ..................................... come to Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum every day. (visit)6. We enjoyed the .......................................... atmosphere in Hue. (peace)7. Ho Chi Minh City is not ......................................... from Kuala Lumpur. (difference)8. The ........................................ language in Malaysia is Bahasa Malaysia. (nation)9. In Malaysia, ......................................... is free. (educate)10. What is the main language of ............................................... at that school ? (instruct)11. English is the ......................................... language in Singapore. (office)12. Like Vietnam, Malaysia has ........................................ climate. (tropic)13. The little girl is dancing ....................................................... (beauty)14. English people get used to ............................................... (drive)I5. Watch the news everyday because it's very ………………..……..(inform ) 16. Many Vietnamese women continue to wear the unique and………………….…dress. (fashion)17. We had an …………………trip last week. (enjoy)18. He is a famous ………………….because he has many good ……………… (poetry)19. She is a …………………….of this company. (design)20. Wearing casual clothes make students feel ………………………. (comfort)


Từ Vựng, Ngữ Pháp Ôn Thi Tuyển Sinh Lớp 10

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