StoichiometryNotesKey

8/13/2019 StoichiometryNotesKey

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UNIT 4: Chemical Reactions, The Mole,Stoichiometry and Thermodynamics

Part B: Stoichiometry

Big Picture Ideas:1. The identity of the reactants hels scientists to redict the rod!cts in a chemical reaction.". #!antitati$e relationshis e%ist &ith all chemical reactions that allo& scientists to redict amo!nts of rod!cts formed,

reactants cons!med, and ercent yield 'ased on theoretical ma%im!m.

Big Picture Questions:1. How can quantitative relations in chemical reactions be translated to real-life industry situations?

2. How can you predict the products in a chemical reaction?

Suggested Resources…(ome&or) *ssi+nmentsClass&or) *ssi+nmentsa'oratory *cti$ities-ormati$e *ssessmentsTe%t'oo) a+es: Chater 1"

Key Terms:1. stoichiometry

2. mole-mole problems

3. mass-mass problems

4. mass-volume problems

5. volume-volume problems

6. particle –particle problems

7. expected yield

8. actual yield

9. percet yield



1. How many moles of hydrochloric acid are needed to react with 2.3 moles of zinc?

Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2

2.3 mol Zn 2 mol HCl = 4.6 mol HCl

1 mol Zn

2. What mass of alminm o!ide is "rodced when 2.3 #rams of alminm reacts with iron

$$ o!ide? 2 %l + 3 &e' %l2'3 + 3 &e

2.3 # %l 1 mol %l 1 mol %l2'3 1(2 # %l2'3 = 4.3 # %l2'3

2) # %l 2 mol %l 1 mol %l2'3

3. *odim icaronate reacts with hydrochloric acid to "rodct sodim chloride, caron

dio!ide, and water. $f 4.( # of sodim icaronate reacts, how many liters of carondio!ide are "rodced?

-aHC'3 + HCl -aCl + H2' + C'2

4 # -aHC'3 1 mol -aHC'3 1 mol C'2 22.4 C'2 = 1.1 C'2

/4 # -aHC'3 1 mol -aHC'3 1 mol C'2

4. $f (.3/ of hydro#en reacts with chlorine #as, what is the 0olme of hydro#en chloride#as that is "rodced?

H2 + Cl2 2 HCl

(.3/ H2 1 mol H2 2 mol HCl 22.4 HCl = (.)6 HCl

2

Directions: Use this information as a general reference tool to guide you through this unit. Don’thesitate to ask your teacher for help!

By the conclusion of this unit, you should know the following:1. #!antitati$e relationshis e%ist in all chemical reactions.". The amo!nt of reactants directly infl!ences limits/ the amo!nt of rod!ct formed.

0. Thermochemical e!ations sho& ener+y chan+es that accomany chemical reactions.

By the conclusion of this unit, you should be able to do the following:1. Use !antitati$e relationshis to redict amo!nts of rod!cts formed.

". 2efine stoichiometry and descri'e its imortance0. Relate stoichiometry to 'alanced chemical e!ations4. Identify and sol$e different tyes of stoichiometry ro'lems3. Calc!late the amo!nt of rod!ct formed in a chemical reaction &hen reactants are resent in nonstoichiometric

roortions. Be a'le to identify and &rite 'alanced chemical e!ations to sol$e stoichiometry ro'lems5. Calc!late ercent yield8. !se the mass o" a reactat to determie ho# much heat #ill be $aied or lost.



22.4 H2 1 mol H2 1 mol HCl

. % "iece of co""er with a mass of .(( # is "laced in a soltion of sil0er $ nitratecontainin# e!cess %#-'3. he sil0er metal "rodced has a mass of 1.2 #. What is the"ercent yield for this reaction?

C + %#-'3 C-'3 + %#.( # C 1 mol C 1 mol %# 1(). # %# = /. # %#

63. # C 1 mol C 1 mol C

/. ! 1(( = . yield

1.2

3



CHAPTER 11: STOICHIOMETRY

MOLE TO MOLE RATIO

When nitrogen and hydrogen gas are heated under the correct conditions a!!onia gas "#H$% is

&or!ed'

a. RXN: 1 N2 + $H2 ( NH3

b. How many moles of nitrogen react with three moles of hydrogen?___ 1 mol N2 ______________ 3 mol H2 1 mol N2

3 mol H2

c. How many moles of nitrogen react with si moles of hydrogen? ____ 2 mol N2 ______________

! mol H2 1 mol N2

3 mol H2

d. How many moles of ammonia wo"ld be formed if ! moles of hydrogen react with #lenty of

nitrogen?

! mol H2 2 mol NH3

3 mol H2

____ $ mol NH3 _______ e. How many moles of ammonia wo"ld be formed if 2.%$moles of nitrogen react with #lenty of

hydrogen?

2.%$ mol N2 2 mol NH3

1 mol N2

____ %.&' mol NH3 _____

f. How many moles of ammonia co"ld be formed if 3.%&moles of hydrogen react with ecessnitrogen?

3.%& mol H2 2 mol NH3

3 mol H2

_____ 2.3 mol H2 _______

g. How many moles of nitrogen are needed to react with !.( moles of hydrogen?

!.( mol H2 1 mol N23 mol H2

_____ 2.3 mol N2 _______ h. How many moles of hydrogen are needed to #rod"ce &.$% moles of ammonia?

&.$% mol NH3 3 mol H2

2 mol NH3

___ &.!)% mol H2 ______

$



(' When )otassiu! ch*orate is heated it +rea,s do-n to )otassiu! ch*oride and o.ygen' Write a

+a*anced e/uation &or the reaction +e*o-:

RXN: (*l,3 (*l + $,2

a. How many moles of #otassi"m chloride will be #rod"ced if !.2moles of #otassi"m chlorate brea-down?

!.2 mol *l,32 mol *l2 mol *l,3

_ !.2 mol *l,3 ___

b. How many moles of oygen are formed if $.( moles of #otassi"m chloride are formed?

$.( mol *l 3 mol ,2

2 mol *l

_ ).3% mol ,2 ____

c. How many moles of #otassi"m chlorate m"st brea- down in order to #rod"ce &.(% moles of

oygen?

&.(% mol ,2 2 mol *l,3

3 mol ,2

_ &.!3 mol *l,3 __

%



MOLE TO MASS0OL2ME PRO3LEMS

When &*uorine gas is +u++*ed through a so*ution o& a*u!inu! iodide e*e!enta* iodine and

a/ueous a*u!inu! &*uoride are &or!ed' Write and +a*ance the reaction +e*o-:

R4#: $ 5( 6 ( A*I$ $ I( 6 ( A*5$

1. How many moles of fluorine gas are needed to react with 2.50 moles of aluminum iodide?

2.% mol l/3 3 mol 02

2 mol l/3

__ 3.)% mol 02 _________

2. hat mass of iodine will form if 4.20 moles of fluorine gas react with ecess al"min"m iodide?

$.2& mol 02 2 mol /2 2%3.' g /2

3 mol 02 1 mol /2

_ 1&!%.(! g /2 __________

3. hat mass of fluorine gas is needed to react with 2.15moles of aluminum iodide?

2.1% mol l/3 3 mol 02 3'.& g 02

2 mol l/3 1 mol 02

__ 122.%% g 02 __________

$. hat volume of fluorine gas at 45 was "sed if 0.55 moles aluminum fluoride were formed?

&.%% mol l03 3 mol 02 22.$ 6 02

2 mol l02 1 mol 02

__ 1'.$' 6 02 ___________

%. How many moles of aluminum fluoride will be #rod"ced if 20.0g of fluorine react with ecessal"min"m iodide?

2& g 02 1 mol 02 2 mol l03

3'.& g 02 3 mol 02

___ &.3% mol l03 _______

!. How many moles of AlI 3 are needed to react with 10.0L of fluorine at 45?

1&.& 6 02 1 mol 02 2 mol l/3

22.$ 6 02 3 mol 02

___ &.3& mol l/3 _______

!



MASS0MASS MASS0OL2ME A#7 MASS0PARTICLE PRO3LEMS

1' When iron is heated in )ure o.ygen iron"III% o.ide is &or!ed' Write a +a*anced e/uation

&or the reaction +e*o-'

_____ 8 5e 6 $ O( ( 5e(O$ _________________________________

What ty)e o& reaction is this9 synthesis

a. How many moles of iron are needed to react with 2.%moles of oygen?

2.% mol ,2 $ mol 0e 7 3.3 mol 0e3 mol ,2

b. hat mass of iron m"st react with ecess oygen in order to form $.'1moles of iron8///9 oide?

$.'1 mol 0e2,3 $ mol 0e %%.' g 0e

2 mol 0e2,3 1 mol 0e __%3!.' g 0e______

c. hat mass of iron is needed to react with $&.&g of oygen?

$&.& g ,2 1 mol ,2 $ mol 0e %%.' g 0e

32 g ,2 3 mol ,2 1 mol 0e

__(3 g 0e_______

d. hat mass of iron8///9 oide can be formed from the reaction of 1&.2g of iron with ecessoygen?

1&.2 g 0e 1 mol 0e 2 mol 0e2,3 1%(.! g 0e2,3

%%.' g 0e $ mol 0e 1 mol 0e2,3

_1$.! g 0e2,3 ____

e.. hat mass of oygen is needed to react with 12.)g of iron?

12.) g 0e 1 mol 0e 3 mol ,2 32 g ,2

%%.' g 0e $ mol 0e 1 mol ,2

__%.% g ,2 ______

f. hat mass of iron8///9 oide will be formed if 1&.&6 of oygen at 45 react with ecess iron?

1&.& 6 ,2 1 mol ,2 2 mol 0e2,3 1%(.! g 0e2,3

22.$ 6 ,2 3 mol ,2 1 mol 0e2,3

__$).% g 0e2,3 ___

)



(' 3ariu! hydro.ide reacts -ith hydroch*oric acid to &or! +ariu! ch*oride and -ater' Write

a +a*anced e/uation &or the reaction +e*o-'

___ 3a"OH%( 6 ( HC* 3aC*( 6 ( H(O _____________________________________

What ty)e o& reaction is this9 dou+*e dis)*ace!ent

a. hat mass of bari"m chloride will form if 1$.&g of bari"m hydroide reacts with ecess

hydrochloric acid?

1$.& g a8,H92 1 mol a8,H92 1 mol al2 2&'.3 g al2

1)1.3 g a8,H92 1 mol a8,H92 1 mol al2

__1) g al2 ____

b. How many grams of hydrochloric acid are needed to react with 1%.&g of bari"m hydroide?

1%.& g a8,H92 1 mol a8,H92 2 mol Hl 3!.% g Hl1)1.3 g a8,H92 1 mol a8,H92 1 mol Hl

__!.$ g Hl_____

c. hat mass of bari"m chloride will form if %.('g of hydrochloric acid react with ecess bari"m

hydroide?

%.(' g Hl 1 mol Hl 1 mol al2 2&'.3 g al2

3!.% g Hl 2 mol Hl 1 mol al2

__1).1 g al2 ___

d. How many molec"les of water are formed by the reaction of 1&.'g of bari"m hydroide with ecess

hydrochloric acid?

1&.' g a8,H92 1 mol a8,H92 2 mol H2, !.&2 1&23 molec"les

1)1.3 g a8,H92 1 mol a8,H92 1 mol H2,

).! 1&22 molec"les H2,

'



PER CE#T YIEL7

act"al yield 1&& theoretical yield

Pro)ane gas +urns in o.ygen according to the reaction +e*o-:

_____3H' + __ % ___ ,2 __ 3 ___ ,2 + __ $ ___ H2,

st"dent b"rns 2&.&6 of #ro#ane gas in ecess oygen at 45. ;etermine the <ol"me of carbondioide that sho"ld form in the reaction.

2&.& 6 3H' 1 mol 3H' 3 mol ,2 22.$ 6 ,2 7 !&.& 6 ,2

22.$ 6 3H' 1 mol 3H' 1 mol ,2

4he reaction only #rod"ces $'.&6 of carbon dioide. hat is the #ercent yield?

ct"al $'.& 6 1&&4heoretical !&.& 6 __'& = yield___________

hat is the #er cent error.

$'>!& 1&&

!& ___2& = error_________

Sodiu! ch*orate deco!)oses to )roduce sodiu! ch*oride and o.ygen' Write and +a*ance the

reaction' The deter!ine the !ass o& sodiu! ch*oride shou*d &or! i& 1;<g o& sodiu! ch*orate

deco!)oses9

Reaction: 2 Nal,3 2 Nal + 3 ,2

1%& g Nal,3 1 mol Nal,3 2 mol Nal %'.% g Nal

1&!.% g Nal,3 2 mol Nal,3 1 mol Nal

__'2.3( g Nal______

4he reaction abo<e is carried o"t in lab and %%g of sodi"m chloride are collected. ;etermine the #ercent yield.

%%g 1&&'2.3( g __!!.) = yield_________

;etermine the #er cent error.

'2.3(>%% 1&&

'2.3( __33.3 = error_________

(



#OTES: LIMITI#= REACTA#T

1' 7e&ine the ter!s *i!iting reactant e.cess reactant and )ercent yie*d'

6imiting reactant

@cess reactant

(' 3a*ance the reaction +e*o-:

A* 6 O( A*(O$

$' 8'< !o*es o& a*u!inu! are )*aced in a container -ith 8'< !o*es o& o.ygen' Ho- !any !o*es

o& a*u!inu! o.ide shou*d &or!9

4here is eno"gh al"min"m to ma-e ______________ moles of al"min"m oide.

4here is eno"gh oygen to ma-e ________________ moles of al"min"m oide.

moles of al"min"m oide will form.

4he limiting reactant is ____________________. 4he ecess reactant is ____________________.

8' Predict the !ass o& a*u!inu! o.ide that -i** &or! i& (<'<g o& a*u!inu! react -ith 1;'<L o&

o.ygen gas at STP'

4here is eno"gh al"min"m to ma-e ________________ g of al"min"m oide.

4here is eno"gh oygen to ma-e ________________ g of al"min"m oide

____________________ g of al"min"m oide will form.

4he limiting reactant is ______________________. 4he ecess reactant is __________________.

1&



1' 5*uorine gas is +u++*ed through a so*ution o& )otassiu! iodide' The )roducts o& the

reaction are )otassiu! &*uoride and iodine' Write a +a*anced e/uation &or the reaction

+e*o-'

a. hat ty#e of reaction is this? ____________________________

b. 1.2!g of fl"orine are b"bbled thro"gh a sol"tion containing 2&.1%g of #otassi"m iodide. hat mass

of #otassi"m fl"oride sho"ld form?

c. identify the limiting reactant: _______________

d. identify the ecess reactant: _______________

11



REVIEW HOMEWORK: MOLE PRACTICE PROBLEMS

Make the following mole on!e"#ion#$ Show ALL wo"k fo" "e%it&

'$ ()$*g of +a"i,m nit"ate to mole#

($)* g Ba-.O/0) ' mole Ba-.O/0)

)1'$/ g Ba-.O/0)

)$ )$/*mole# of lithi,m hlo"i%e to g"am#

)$/* mol LiCl ()$( g LiCl

' mol

/$ )$(2L of o34gen ga# at STP to mole#

)$(2 L O) ' mol O)

))$ ( L O)

($ 5$'*g of a"+on %io3i%e ga# at STP to g"am# lite"#

5$'* g CO) ' mol CO) ))$( L CO)

(( g CO) ' mol CO)

*$ )$)( 3 '2)/ mole,le# of nit"ogen t"iio%i%e to g"am#

)$)( 3 '2)/ ml .I/ ' mol /6($7 g1$2) 3 '2)/ ml ' mol

1$ 2$2()* mole# of lea% -IV0 a"+onate to g"am#

2$2()* mol P+-CO/0) /)7$) g

' mol

12

&.1! moles a8N,392

((.!$ g 6il

&.11 mol ,2

$.1% 6 ,2

1$!.') g N/3

13.(1 g 5b8,392

1 mole 7 !.&2 1&23 molec"les 8co<alent9

1 mole 7 !.&2 1&23 form"la "nits 8ionic9 H, ANB 5R4/6@

1 mole 7 !.&2 1&23 atoms 8monoatomic element9

1 mole 7 molar mass 8grams9 > H, H@CB

1 mole 7 22.$6 for a gas at 45 H, ADH 5@



HOMEWOR>: MOLE?MOLE PRO3LEMS

1. N2 + 3H2 2NH3

How many moles of hydrogen are needed to com#letely react with two moles of

nitrogen?

2 mol N2 3 mol H2 7 ! mol H2

1 mol N2

2. 2*l,3 2*l + 3,2

How many moles of oygen are #rod"ced by the decom#osition of si moles of

#otassi"m chlorate?

! mol *l,3 3 mol ,2 7 ( mol ,2

2 mol *l,3

3. En + 2Hl Enl2 +H2

How many moles of hydrogen are #rod"ced from the reaction of three moles of

Finc with an ecess of hydrochloric acid?

3 mol En 1 mol H2 7 3 mol H2

1 mol En

$. 3H' + %,2 3,2 + $H2,

How many moles of oygen are necessary to react com#letely with fo"r moles of #ro#ane 83H'9?

$ mol 3H' % mol ,2 7 2& mol ,2

1 mol 3H'

%. * 35,$ + l8N,393 3 *N,3 + l5,$

How many moles of #otassi"m nitrate are #rod"ced when two moles of #otassi"m

#hos#hate react?

2 mol * 35,$3 mol *N,3 7 ! mol *N,3

1 mol * 35,$

13



HOMEWOR>: MOLE0MASS @ OL2ME PRO3LEMS

When a*u!inu! car+onate deco!)oses a*u!inu! o.ide and car+on dio.ide gas &or!'

The reaction is gien +e*o-:

1 A*("CO$%$ "s% 1 A*(O$ "s% 6 $ CO("g%

a. determine the molar mass of each #rod"ct and reactant for later "se:

A*("CO$%$ B ("(% 6$"1(% 6 D"1% B ($8 g0!o*

A*(O$ B ("(% 6 $"1% B 1<( g0!o*

CO( B 1( 6 ("1% B 88 g0!o*

b. hat mass of al"min"m carbonate is needed to form 2.%moles of carbon dioide?

2.% mol ,2 1 mol l28,393 23$ g l28,393

3 mol ,2 1 mol l28,393

_ 1(% g l28,393 _

c. hat mass of al"min"m oide will form if 2.2moles of carbon dioide form?

2.2 mol ,2 1 mol l2,3 1&2 g l2,33 mol ,2 1 mol l2,3

_ )$.' g l2,3 ___

d. hat mass of al"min"m carbonate m"st decom#ose in order to form 2.2 moles of al"min"m oide?

2.2 mol l2,3 1 mol l28,393 23$ g l28,393

1 mol l2,3 1 mol l28,393

%1$.' g l28,393

e. hat <ol"me of carbon dioide will form if %.& moles of al"min"m carbonate decom#ose at 45?

%.& mol l28,393 3 mol ,2 22.$ 6 ,2

1 mol l28,393 1 mol ,2

33! 6 ,2 ____

1$



HOMEWORK – STOICHIOMETRY: MASS-MASS PROBLEMS

1. 2KClO3 2 KCl + 3O2

How man4 g"am# of 8ota##i,m hlo"i%e a"e 8"o%,e% in )*g of 8ota##i,m hlo"ate

%eom8o#e9

25 g KClO3 1 mol KClO3 2 mol KCl 74! g KCl " 152 g KCl 122! g KClO3 2 mol KClO3 1 mol KCl

2. #2 + 3H2 2#H3

How man4 g"am# of h4%"ogen a"e nee##a"4 to "eat with 12$2g of nit"ogen9

!$ g #2 1 mol #2 3 mol H2 2 g H2 " 12% g H2

2& g #2 1 mol #2 1 mol H2

3. #2 + 3H2 2#H3

How man4 g"am# of ammonia a"e 8"o%,e% if 12$2g of nit"ogen "eat with e3e##

h4%"ogen9

!$$ g #2 1 mol #2 2 mol #H3 17 g #H3 " 72% g #H3

2& g #2 1 mol #2 1 mol #H3

4. 2Ag#O3 + B'Cl2 2 AgCl + B'(#O3)2How man4 g"am# of #il!e" hlo"i%e a"e 8"o%,e% f"om the "eation of *$2g of #il!e"

nit"ate with e3e## +a"i,m hlo"i%e9

5$ g Ag#O3 1 mol Ag#O3 2 mol AgCl 1434 g AgCl " 42 g AgCl

1!%% g Ag#O3 2 mol Ag#O3 1 mol AgCl

5. 2Ag#O3 + B'Cl2 2 AgCl + B'(#O3)2 What ma## of +a"i,m hlo"i%e i# nee##a"4 to "eat with *$2g of #il!e" nit"ate9

5$ g Ag#O3 1 mol Ag#O3 1 mol B'Cl2 2$&3 g B'Cl2 " 31 g B'Cl2 1!%% g Ag#O3 2 mol Ag#O3 1 mol B'Cl2

1%



HOMEWORK - STOICHIOMETRY: MI*E PROBLEMS

1. #2 + 3H2 2#H3

What !ol,me of .H/ at STP i# 8"o%,e% if )*$2g of .) i# "eate% with an e3e## of H)9

25$ g #2 1 mol #2 2 mol #H3 224 L #H3 " 4$ L #H3

2& g #2 1 mol #2 1 mol #H3

2. 2KClO3 2 KCl + 3O2

If *$2g of KClO/ i# %eom8o#e% what !ol,me of O) i# 8"o%,e% at STP9

5$ g KClO3 1 mol KClO3 3 mol O2 224 L O2 " 14 L O2

122! g KClO3 2 mol KClO3 1 mol O2

3. 2KClO3 2 KCl + 3O2

If *$2g of KClO/ i# %eom8o#e% how man4 g"am# of KCl a"e 8"o%,e%9

5$ g KClO3 1 mol KClO3 2 mol KCl 74! g KCl " 3$ g KCl

122! g KClO3 2 mol KClO3 1 mol KCl

4. , + 2 HCl ,Cl2 + H2

What !ol,me of h4%"ogen at STP i# 8"o%,e% when )$*g of ;in "eat with an e3e## of

h4%"ohlo"i ai%9

25 g , 1 mol , 1 mol H2 224 L H2 " $% L H2

!54 g , 1 mol , 1 mol H2

5. H2SO4 + 2 #'OH #'2SO4 + H2O

How man4 mole,le# of wate" a"e 8"o%,e% if )$2g of #o%i,m #,lfate a"e 8"o%,e% in the

"eation a+o!e9

2$ g #'2SO4 1 mol #'2SO4 2 mol H2O !$2 . 1$23 ml/ " 17 . 1$22 ml/ H2O

1421 g #'2SO4 1 mol #'2SO4 1 mol H2O

6. 2 AlCl3 2 Al + 3 Cl2If '2$2g of al,min,m hlo"i%e a"e %eom8o#e% how man4 mole,le# of Cl) a"e 8"o%,e%9

1$$ g AlCl3 1 mol AlCl3 3 mol Cl2 !$2 . 1$23 ml/ Cl2 " !& . 1$22 ml/ Cl2 1335 g AlCl3 2 mol AlCl3 1 mol Cl2

1!



LIMITI#= REACTA#T0 F YIEL7 HOMEWOR>

1' So*id ca*ciu! is added to a so*ution o& iron "III% ch*oride' The reaction is gien +e*o-:

Ca 6 5eC*$ CaC*( 6 5e

a. alance the reaction. b. hat mass of calci"m chloride will form if %.&g of calci"m react with %.&g of iron8///9 chloride?

_______________

c. 4he limiting reactant is: _______________________

d. 4he ecess reactant is: ________________________

e. st"dent #erforms the reaction abo<e and #rod"ces $.!g of calci"m chloride. hat is his #er centyield?

_______________

(' Write the reaction &or the co!+ustion o& !ethane "CH8% in )ure o.ygen to &or! car+on

dio.ide and -ater'

_______________________________________________________

a. hat mass of carbon dioide will be #rod"ced by the reaction of 12&.&g of methane with 1'&.&g ofof oygen?

______________

b. 4he limiting reactant is: ______________________

c. 4he ecess reacant is: _______________________

d. st"dent #erforms the reaction abo<e and #rod"ces 132g of carbon dioide. hat is his #ercent

yield?1)



51 hemistry Name ________________________

ha#ter 11 Re<iew heet ;ate _________________________

Be sure to show all your work for each problem.

1. alci"m carbonate reacts with 1$.'g of hydrochloric acid. How many moles of calci"m chloride

are #rod"ced?

RXN: CaCO$ 6 ( HC* CaC*( 6 H(CO$

1$.' g Hl 1 mol Hl 1 mol al2 7 &.2 mol al2

3!.% g Hl 2 mol Hl

2. How many grams of al"min"m are needed to react with nitric acid in order to #rod"ce 1.$32 6 of

hydrogen gas at 45?

RXN: ( A* 6 H#O$ ( A*"#O$%$ 6 $ H(

1.$32 6 H2 1 mol H2 2 mol l 2) g l 7 1.2 g l22.$ 6 H2 3 mol H2 1 mol l

3. /n the reaction of '.2$ g of sil<er nitrate with co##er // chloride !.(& g of sil<er chloride are

#rod"ced. hat is the #ercent yield of this reaction?

RXN: ( Ag#O$ 6 CuC*( ( AgC* 6 Cu"#O$%(

'.2$ g gN,3 1 mol gN,3 2 mol gl 1$3.$ g gl 7 !.(% g gl

1!(.( g gN,3 2 mol gN,3 1 mol gl

!.(& 1&& 7 ((.2= yield

!.(%

$. ;etermine the n"mber of moles of #otassi"m bromide that need to react with chlorine in order to

#rod"ce !.$ moles of bromine.

RXN: ( >3r 6 C*( ( >C* 6 3r(

!.$ mol r 2 2 mol *r 7 12.' mol *r

1 mol r 2

1'



%. /n the comb"stion of 1!.2 6 of ethane 82H!9 at 45 how many liters of carbon dioide are

#rod"ced?

RXN: ( C(H 6 O( 8 CO( 6 H(O

1!.2 6 2H! 1 mol 2H! $ mol ,2 22.$ 6 ,2 7 32.$ 6 ,2

22.$ 6 2H! 2 mol 2H! 1 mol ,2

!. How many atoms of iron are #rod"ced when '.$ g of calci"m react with iron /// bromide?

RXN: $ Ca 6 ( 5e3r$ ( 5e 6 ( Ca3r(

'.$ g a 1 mol a 2 mol 0e !.&2 1&23 atoms 0e 7 '.$ 1&2$ atoms 0e$& g a 3 mol a 1 mol 0e

). /n a synthesis reaction ).' g of sodi"m oide reacts with 1&.2g of water. How many grams of

sodi"m hydroide are #rod"ced? hat is the limiting reactant?

RXN:

GG'. 4he decom#osition of merc"ry // oide has a (!.$= yield. /f yo" start with 2%.3 g of merc"ry //

oide how many grams of oygen are #rod"ced?

nswers: 1. &.2&3 mol 3. ((.3= %. 32.$ 6iters ). 1.& X 1&1 grams

2. 1.1%1 grams $. 13 moles !. '.$ X 1&22 atoms '. 1.'& grams

1(



2&



7ATA TA3LE:

mass of em#ty e<a#orating dish and watch glass

mass of e<a#orating dish watch glass and ba-ing soda 8NaH,39

mass of e<a#orating dish watch glass and salt 8Nal9

CALC2LATIO#S: Wor, neat*yG Sho- a** -or,GGGGG

1. ;etermine the mass of ba-ing soda "sed. ________________

2. rite a balanced e"ation for the reaction of ba-ing soda 8NaH,39 and hydrochloric acid.

3. Dse stoichiometry to determine the expected mass of Nal to be formed. ________________

$. ;etermine the act"al mass of Nal formed. ________________

%. ;etermine the #ercent yield and #ercent error.

= yield 7 ____________________

= error 7 ____________________

,N6D/,N: 6ist three so"rces of error and the effect each wo"ld ha<e on the mass of Nal formed 8too high or too low9.

@RR,R @00@4 ,N A Nal

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