Sps „Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis“ finansuri ... · 2015 wels samecniero-miznobrivi...

elene xarabaZe, levan sabauri, nana sreseli,

nadeJda kvataSiZe, merab jiqia

Sps „Tbilisis

satransporto kompaniis“

finansuri mdgomareobis

gaumjobesebis rezervebi

monografia momzadda ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis

2015 wels samecniero-miznobrivi grantebis konkursSi gamarjvebuli

proeqtis farglebSi

proeqtze momuSave jgufi madlobas uxdis Sps Tbilisis

satransporto kompanias gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis

Tbilisi 2016

დაიბეჭდა თსუ-ის გამომცემლობის სტამბაში

0179 თბი ლი სი, ი. ჭავ ჭა ვა ძის გამ ზი რი 14 14 Ilia Tchavtchavadze Avenue,Tbilisi 0179 Tel +995 (32) 225 14 32 www.press.tsu.edu.ge

© ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, 2016

ISBN 978-9941-13-570-5

3

Sinaarsi

Sesavali ..............................................................................................................5

Tavi 1. sazogadoebrivi transportis socialur-ekonomikuri mniSvneloba da misi momsaxurebis maxasiaTeblebi ............................10

1.1 sazogadoebrivi transportis socialur-ekonomikuri mniSvneloba

da misi prioritetebi ............................................................................................... 10

1.2 sazogadoebrivi transportis momsaxurebis maxasiaTeblebi ........... 17

• mosaxleobis mobiloba da transportis momsaxurebis

moculobiTi maCveneblebi .......................................................... 17

• satransporto momsaxurebis RirebulebiTi maCveneblebi...... 24

• satransporto momsaxurebis xarisxis maCveneblebi ................ 29

1.3 Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis infrastruqtura, misi

socialur-ekonomikuri mniSvneloba .............................................................. 42

1.4. qalaqis samgzavro transportis dafinansebis wyaroebi ..................... 46

1.5. satarifo regulireba da qalaqis samgzavro transportis

sawarmoebis mdgradobis uzrunvelyofa ....................................................... 54

Tavi 2. Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis finansuri mdgomareobis (balansis) analizi .............................................................63

2.1. finansuri mdgomareobis (balansis) struqturis analizi ................ 63

2.2 ZiriTadi saSualebebis mdgomareobisa da gamoyenebis analizi ....... 71

• ZiriTadi saSualebebis struqturis analizi .......................... 71

• ZiriTadi saSualebebis moZraobis analizi .............................. 77

• ZiriTadi saSualebebis teqnikuri mdgomareobis analizi ...... 96

• ZiriTadi saSualebebis moZravi Semadgenlobis gamoyenebis

analizi ......................................................................................... 98

2.3. ekonomikuri resursebis formirebis wyaroebi......................................115

2.4. balansis racionaluri struqturis Sefaseba ........................................120

Tavi 3. Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis saqmianobis finansuri Sedegebis analizi ......................................................................................125

3.1 finansuri Sedegebis struqturisa da dinamikis analizi ..................125

4

3.2 fuladi nakadebis angariSgebis analizi ......................................................135

Tavi 4. Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis warmoebis efeqtianobis calkeul maCvenebelTa analizi .............................................................152

4.1. rentabelobis analizi ..........................................................................................152

4.2. finansuri mdgradobis analizi .......................................................................154

4.3. likvidobis analizi ...............................................................................................159

4.4 saqmiani aqtivobis analizi ................................................................................161

• wminda ciklis gamoTvla ......................................................... 161

• gadaxdisunarianobis analizi wminda aqtivebis gamoTvlis

bazaze ......................................................................................... 165

• waugeblobis wertili ............................................................... 166

4.5 Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis gakotrebis albaTobis

analizi ................................................................................................................ 171

• fiqtiuri (winaswarganzraxuli) gakotrebis niSnebis

gansazRvra ................................................................................. 175

• absoluturi likvidobis koeficienti .................................. 178

• mimdinare likvidobis koeficienti ....................................... 178

• valdebulebebis aqtivebiT uzrunvelyofis maCvenebeli .... 178

• gadaxdisunarianobis koeficienti mimdinare valdebulebebis

mixedviT ..................................................................................... 178

daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi ...................................................................180

danarTebi .......................................................................................................191

gamoyenebuli literatura .......................................................................224

5

Sesavali

saqarTvelos respublikis mier aRebuli kursi, romelic social-

urad orientirebuli sabazro ekonomikisaken aris mimarTuli, gvTava-

zobs erovnuli ekonomikis yvela dargSi, maT Soris saavtomobilo

transportze, strategiuli menejmentis Tanamedrove meTodebis gam-

oyenebas, rac gulisxmobs saqmianobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebis analizs,

SesaZleblobebis Sefasebasa da situaciebis prognozirebas, ekonomiku-

ri zrdis pirobebSi amaRlebs satransporto momsaxurebis bazarze sa-

investicio aqtiurobas. saqarTvelom, rogorc gardamavali ekonomikis

qveyanam, mniSvnelovani nabiji gadadga satransporto infrastruqturis

teqnikuri modernizaciisa da nacionaluri avtosantrasporto gadazid-

vebis moculobis gaumjobesebis mimarTulebiT.

qveynis ekonomikuri krizisidan gamosvlis erT-erT realur gzad

migvaCnia satransporto saSualebebis gamoyenebis intensiurobisa da

menejmentis xarisxis amaRleba. wlebis manZilze transportis sferoSi

dagrovili problemebis gadaWra gaaumjobesebs Cveni qveynis satrans-

porto sistemas, aamaRlebs samamulo, satransporto, saeqspeditoro

kompaniebis konkurentunarianobas, rac gazrdis am sferoSi dasaqme-

bul muSakTa ricxovnebas. saavtomobilo transportis sferos upi-

ratesi ganviTarebisaTvis saWiroa, upirveles yovlisa, satransporto

infrastuqturebis ganviTareba, moralurad da fizikurad moZvele-

buli satransporto parkis ganaxleba, sabanko-sakredito sisitemis

srulyofa, sagadasaxado sistemis liberalizacia, satransporto ga-

dasaxadebis saxeebisa da sagadasaxado ganakveTebis Semcireba, inova-

ciebis Seqmna, kadrebis kvalifikaciis amaRleba da maTi swori menej-

menti.

satransporto kompaniebi uzrunvelyofen ekonomikuri, socialuri

da politikuri xasiaTis sxvadsxva saerTo saxelmwifoebrivi amocanebis

gadawyvetas. ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze isini sul ufro xSirad

awydebian axal da moulodnel amocanebs. es mniSvnelovnad arTulebs

sameurneo menejmentis situaciebs, risTvisac saWiroa yuradRebis ga-

datana, rogorc garemomcvel sferoze, aseve mTlianad kompaniis marT-

vis organizaciaze. satransporto funqciis maqsimalurad gamoyeneba

saqarTvelos Zlier, damoukidebel saxelmwifod gadaqcevis mniSvnelo-

vani winapiroba gaxdeba. aseTma prioritetulma amocanam xeli Seuwyo

saqarTveloSi faqtobrivad dangreuli satransporto sistemis rRvevis

SeCerebas da mis Semdgom aRorZinebas.

transportiT tvirTis gadazidvisa da mgzavrTa gadayvanis moculo-

6

ba asaxavs erovnuli ekonomikis mdgomareobas, warmoebis efeqtianobas,

msoflio meurneobaSi integraciis da bazris ganviTarebis dones.

Tbilisis satransporto kompania (yofili Sps „Tbilisis metro),

romelic 100%-iani wilis mflobelia Tbilisis mTavroba, funqcioni-

rebs 1966 wlidan, rodesac gaixsna metropolitenis pirveli monakveTi

didube-rusTavelis mimarTulebiT, amJamad Tbilisis metros saeqsplu-

atacio areali warmoadgens daaxloebiT 60 km manZilis miwisqveSa sagvi-

rabo konstruqcias, ori damoukidebeli xaziT da 22 sadguriT, romel-

sac yovel 3-4 wuTis intervaliT emsaxureba moZravi Semadgenlobebi ori

samatareblo depoTi.

2009 wels kompanias sakuTrebaSi gadaeca municipaluri avtobusebi

da masTn dakavSirebuli uZravi qoneba sami avtoparkisa da erTi ser-

viscentris saxiT. 2012 wels kompaniis saqmianobis areali kidev ufro

gafarTovda da mis aqtivebs daemata axalaSenebuli riye-nariyalas sab-

agiro gza.

operatiulobisa da usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT, Tbilisis satrans-

porto kompanias gaaCnia damoukidebeli cifruli da energomomaragebis

sadispeCero qseli, sadac gaerTianebulia misi yvela struqturuli er-

Teuli.

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis mflobelobaSia:

• metros vagonebis saremonto qarxana sadac, yovelwliurad mim-

dinareobs moZravi Semadgenlobebis modernizacia;

• sareklamo kompania, romlis saSualbiTac kompanias gaaCnia

damatebiTi Semosavlebi, rogorc metros, aseve avtobusebis

kuTxiT.

kompaniaSi dasaqmebulia 5,000-mde adamiani, romlebic uwyvet reJim-

Si muSaoben imisaTvis, rom Tbiliselebma da qalaqis stumrebma miiRon

maRali xarisxi ssatransporto momsaxureba da mgzavroba maTTvis iyos

maqsimalurad usafrTxo da komfortuli. qalaq TbilisSi mgzavrTa ga-

dayvanis istoria wlebis Sesabamisad TandaTanobiT viTardeboda. misi

ganviTarebis istoria saTaves mecxramete saukunidan iRebs. mecxramete

saukunis pirvel naxevramde TbilisSi gadasaadgileblad da tvirTis ga-

dasatanad sxvadasxva saSualebebs iyenebdnen adamianis ZaliT dawyebuli

da mdinariT damTavrebuli. vinaidan qalaqi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi, mx-

olod sakuTari galavnis farglebSi viTardeboda, ar iyo didi da masi-

uri transportis arsebobis saWiroeba. uremi, Cardaxi, saxedari, cxeni

da aqlemebis qaravani warmoadgenda ZiriTad Sida da gare transports.

mtkvarze xSirad xiliT datvirTuli tivebi curavda, maT sagangebo sad-

gomebi qondaT, e.w. sativoebis saxiT.

7

XIX saukunis meore naxevridan TbilisSi mgzavrTa gadayvana ZiriTadad

etlebiT xdeboda da maTSi yvelaze gamorCeuli iyo droSka. baroni

tornau werda “droSkebi gamwkrivebulni idgnen Sua bazarSi, madaTo-

vis moedanze. tfilisis medroSkeni ise daaqrolebdnen TavianT cxenebs,

rom gamvlelebs SiSis zars scemdnen”. 1870 wlisTvis 439 orcxeniani, 117

erTcxeniani etli da 672 sazidari moZraobda qalaqSi. Tbilisis farTo-

bisa da mosaxleobis zrdasTan erTad qalaqis xelmZRvanelobam miiRo

gadawyvetileba, rom TbilisSi Seqmniliyo sacxenosno rkinigza, anu e.w.

konka. piveli konka qalaqSi 1883 wlis 10 marts gamoCnda da man, da-

viT aRmaSeneblis gamziris (maSindeli mixeilis quCis) gavliT, rkinigzis

sadguri da dRevandeli zaarbriukenis moedani daakavSira erTmaneTTan.

SemdgomSi marSruti gagrZelda dRevandel Tavisuflebis moednamde,

mogvianebiT ki rusTavelis gamziri da veris nawili moicva, saidanac

veris xidis gavliT marjaniSvilis quCaze midioda. im dros sagangebo

gaCerebebi dawesebuli ar iyo, amitom TiToeul vagons dahyveboda kon-

duqtori, romelic mgzavrebis moTxovniT aCerebda vagons. 1899 wels

TbilisSi konkis 22,4 kilometri liandagi iyo gayvanili. konkam 1910

wlamde iarseba.

qalaqi viTardeboda, matulobda cxovrebis tempic, Sesabamisad,

qalaqis administraciam gadawyvita cxenis Zala eleqtroenergiiT

Caenacvlebina da tramvais modernizeba momxdariyo. es samuSaoebi bel-

gielma specialitebma ganaxorcieles da garkveuli periodiT tramvais

eqspluataciac maTi movaleoba iyo.

1904 wels daiwyo eleqtro tramvais mSenebloba, riTac belgiuri

kompania dakavda. 1904 wlis 25 dekembers amoqmedda eleqtro tramvai,

romlis liandagis sigane 1,000 milimetri iyo. 1910 wels „konkam“, rom-

lis liandagis sigane 914 mm. iyo, arseboba Sewyvita.

1930-ian wlebSi. Tbilisis centri mis axlad gaSenebul raionebs

tramvaiTac daukavSirda. mniSvnelovania, rom 1940 wels TbilisSi tram-

vaim rekorduli raodenobis mgzavri gadaiyvana _ 194 milioni. mogvi-

anebiT tramvais roli saqalaqo transportSi dakninda, rac axali tipis

tranportis danergviT iyo ganpirobebuli. miuxedavad amisa, sabWoTa

kavSiris arsebobamde mas metnaklebi mniSvneloba hqonda da wliurad

minimum 50 milioni mgzavri mainc gadahyavda. 1985 wlisaTvis qalaqis

tramvais qseli 100 kilometrsac ki aWarbebda. tramvais gaufasureba

1990 wlebidan iwyeba da sabolood 2006 wels misi gauqmebiT damTavrda.

1933 wels Tbilisis sazogadoebriv satransporto sistemas avtobu-

sic daemata, miuxedavad imisa, rom sawyis etapze, dReSi xazze mxolod 5

avtobusi moZraobda da misi sigrZe daaxloebiT 10 kilometri iyo, pir-

8

velive wels mgzavrTa raodenobam 1,200,000-s miaRwia. momdevno wlebSi

qselis srulyofasTan erTad izrdeboda mgzavrTa raodenobac _ 1970

wels maTTma ricxvma 125 milions gadaaWarba, momdevno aT weliwadSi

ki TiTqmis 100 milioniT gaizarda. am yvelafris mizezi ki dinamiurad

mzardi Tbilisis mosaxleoba da farTobi iyo. Tu 1933 wels Tbilisis

mosaxleoba mxolod 314,000 adamians Seadgenda 1980 wels maTma ricxvma

erT milions gadaaWarba.

troleibusi TbilisSi 1937 wlidan gamoCnda, misi amoqmedebisa da

marSrutebis dasaxvis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba ki jer kidev 1934 wels

iyo miRebuli, Tbilisis pirveli generaluri gegmis SedgenasTan er-

Tad. troleibusis xazis sigrZe misi gaxsnis wels 15-mde kilometers

Seadgenda da sabWoTa kavSiris 90-ani wlebis miwuruls ki 95-mde gaiz-

arda. amas ra Tqma unda troleibusTa ricxvis zrdac mohyva. trolei-

busis saerTo wili mgzavrTa gadayvanaSi TiTqmis arasodes ar yofila

20%-ze meti. unda aRiniSnos, rom yvelaze didi konkurencia mas, mainc

tramvaisTan hqonda, ris Sedegadac, man SeZlo centraluri quCebidan

tramvais gandevna. aRsaniSnavia, rom 90-ian wlebSi metrosTan erTad,

troleibusi erTaderTi realurad moqmedi sazogadoebrivi transporti

iyo. troleibusebma arseboba 2006 wels Sewyvites.

Tbilisi sakuTari mdebareobiTa da aqedan gamomdinare formiT, ar

iZleva imis saSualebas, rom satransporto komunikaciebis didi nawili

miwis zemoT ganlagdes. swored es iyo erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizezi, ra-

mac TbilisSi metropolitenis ideis ganxorcielebas Seuwyo xeli. 1951

wlis 29 seqtembers, yofili sabWoTa kavSiris ministrTa sabWos dadge-

nilebiT, miRebuli iqna gadawyvetileba Tbilisis metropolitenis mSen-

eblobis Sesaxeb.

1953 wels daiwyo gadasarbeni gvirabebisa da pirveli Saxtebis mSene-

bloba. mSeneblobas saTaveSi Caudga moskovis metros erT-erTi mSenebe-

li, inJineri Salva danelia.

rac Seexeba TbilisSi pirveli sabagiro gzis mSeneblobas, is 1957

wels Seiqmna da man rusTavelis gamziri mTawmindis parkTan daakavSira.

sabagiro gzis sigrZe 906 metrs Seadgenda, romelzec ori, 25 adgiliani

vagoni, 6 metr/wamis siCqariT moZraobda. 1966 wels gaixsna 1,140 me-

triani sabagiro gza vakesa da kustbas Soris. vaxuStis xidis gaxsnamde

didubesa da saburTalos Soris aseve funqcionirebda sabagiro mimosv-

la. sul 90-iani wlebis dasawyisamde TbilisSi 5 funqcionirebadi saba-

giro gza arsebobda, romelTaganac bolo samgorsa da vazisubans Soris

gaixsna 1986 wels, aseve iyo saburTalo (nucubiZis quCa ) _ lisis tba,

universitetis maRliv korpossa da bagebis saerTo sacxovrebels Soris.

9

TbilisSi metro oficialurad 1966 wlis 11 ianvars gaixsna da 6 sad-

gurisagan Sedgeboda („didube“, „eleqtrodepo“, „oqtomberi“ (Semdgom

„naZaladevi“), „vagzlis moedani“, „marjaniSvili“ da „rusTaveli“), xolo

misi sigrZe 6.5 kilomtrs Seadgenda. 1967 wlidan moyolebuli 2000 wlam-

de damatebiT gaixsna 11 sadguri. 1979 wlis seqtemberSi Sevida eqsplu-

ataciaSi metropolitenis meore xazi 5,8 kilometri sigrZiT, romelmac

daakavSira sadguris moedani saburTalos raions.

2012 wlis 26 ivnisidan, qalaqis sazogadoebriv transports riyis

parkisa da nariyalas cixe-simagris erTmaneTTan damakavSirebeli saba-

giro gza Seemata. riye-nariyalas sabagiro gzis sigrZe 500 metria da

is 7 gondolas moicavs. TiToeuli maTgani Seminulia, xolo erT-erTi

sruliad gamWirvalea, rac mas originalobas matebs. sabagiro adaptire-

bulia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebze.

10

Tavi 1. sazogadoebrivi transportis socialur-ekonomikuri mniSvneloba da misi momsaxurebis

maxasiaTeblebi

1.1. sazogadoebrivi transportis socialur-ekonomikuri mniSvneloba

da misi prioritetebi

qalaqis ekonomikis, mosaxleobisa da teritoriis zrda warmoqmnis

axal problemebs satransporto infrastruqturis mimarT. aRniSnuli

problemebi mdgomareobs mosaxleobisaTvis iseTi satransporto mom-

saxurebis miwodebaSi, romelic uzrunvelyofs maT sxvadasxva satrans-

porto moTxovnebs, dauzogavs dros, Seuqmnis cxovrebis komfortul

pirobebs da amasTanave iqneba yvelasTvis xelmisawvdomi. sazogadoebrivi

transporti aris qalaqis sivrcis arsebobisa da ganviTarebis ganuyofe-

li komponenti, strategiulad mniSvnelovani socialuri resursi qa-

laqis mosaxleobis cxovrebis Rirseuli donis uzrunvelsayofad. fun-

qcionirebs ra, rogorc socialuri instituti, qalaqis sazogadoebrivi

transporti mowodebulia uzrunvelyos sazogadoebis moTxovnebi iaf,

komfortul da ekologiur mobilobaSi.

Tanamedrove pirobebSi izrdeba sazogadoebrivi transportis so-

cialuri mniSvneloba. kerZod, misi ganviTareba gavlenas axdens ekonomi-

kaze, cxovrebis doneze, Sromis nayofierebaze, ekologiaze, qmnis axal

samuSao adgilebs. sazogadoebrivi transportis saerTaSoriso asocia-

ciis (International Association of Public Transport _ UITP) monacemebiT, sazoga-

doebrivi transportis calkeuli operatorebi qmnian 1,200,000 samuSao

adgils, xolo sazogadoebrivi transportis seqtorSi yoveli samuSao

adgili dakavSirebulia ekonomikis sxva seqtorebis 4 samuSao adgilTan.

satransporto seqtorSi Seqmnili yoveli evro, ekonomikis sxva seqtoreb-

Si, qmnis 4 evros damatebiT Rirebulebas. kapitaldabandebebi sazogadoe-

briv transportSi qmnis 25%-iT met samuSao adgils, vidre igive mocu-

lobis kapitaldabandebebi avtomagistralebisa da gzebis mSeneblobaSi1.

amerikis sazogadoebrivi transportis asociaciis (American Public Transportation association _ APTA) monacemebiT, sazogadoebriv transportSi

investirebuli yoveli dolari axdens 4 dolaris ekonomikur ukugebas,

yoveli 10 mln.dolaris kapitaldabandeba 30 mln. dolariT zrdis gay-

idvebs2.

1 Public transport: the smart green solution! Doubling market share worldwide by 2025. p.3. http://growpublictransport.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/PTx2_brochure.pdf2 Public transportation. Public Transportation Benefits. http://www.apta.com/mediacenter/ptbenefits/

Pages/default.aspx

11

usafrTxo da xarisxian satransporto momsaxurebiT sargebloba

mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs ekonomikisa da socialuri sferos efeqtia-

nobas. satransporto momsaxureba fasdeba raodenobrivi, RirebulebiTi

da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebiT.

satransporto momsaxurebis moculoba gamoixateba mgzavrTa nakadis

da mgzavrTa brunvis maCveneblebiT, romlic damokidebulia da ima-

vdroulad pirdapir gavlenas axdens ekonomikur kavSirebze, mosaxleo-

bis gadaadgilebaze sawarmoo da socialuri moTxovnilebebis dasakmayo-

fileblad. satransporto momsaxurebis geografiuli da teqnologiuri

wvdoma gansazRvravs ekonomikis teritoriuli da socialuri ganviTare-

bis SesaZleblobebs.

transportis mobiloba aris misi efeqtianobis erT-erTi kriteriumi.

sazogadoebrivi transporti uzrunvelyofs wvdomas samuSao adgilebisa

da yvela socialuri infrastruqturisadmi _ ganaTlebis, samedicino

momsaxurebis, kulturis, ekonomikuri saqmianobisa da sazogadoebis sxva

socialur-ekonomikur struqturebTan. sazogadoebrivi transporti

uzrunvelyofs mosaxleobis mobilobas. magaliTad, erTi avtobusiT an

erTi tramvaiT gadayvanil mgzavrTa raodenoba 30-jer aRemateba pira-

di avtotransportiT gadayvanil mgzavrTa raodenobas3. specialistebi

aRniSnaven, rom sazogadoebriv transports upiratesobas aniWebs so-

cialuri fenebis yvela warmomadgeneli, maTi finansuri mdgomareobis

miuxedavad, vinaidan piradi transporti ver uzrunvelyofs mobilobas

gzebze „sacobebis“ gamo. amdenad, sazogadoebrivi transporti axdens

qalaqis mosaxleobis yvela fenis socialur integracias. amavdroulad,

msoflioSi aRiniSneba mosaxleobis avtomobilizacia. mosaxleobis avto-

mobilizaciis dones msoflio banki da gaero gansazRvravs saerTaSori-

so sagzao federaciis (International Road Federation _ IRF) meTodologiiT4.

am monacemebiT avtomobilizaciis doniT saqarTvelo 2007 wels iyo 95

adgilze da Seadgenda 116 msubuq avtomanqanas yovel 1,000 mcxovrebze,

xolo 2012 wels 56 da 1305, Sesabamisad.

satransporto momsaxurebis xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblebia siCqare,

drouloba, ritmuloba, usafrTxoeba, komforti da ekologiuroba.

transportis siCqare gavlenas axdens ekonomikur kavSirebsa da mosaxle-

3 ia goderZiSvili. saqarTvelos saavtomobilo transportSi ekonomikuri krizisi

da misi daZlevis SesaZleblobebi menejmentis ganviTarebis safuZvelze. disertacia.

2014. gv.8.

4 gamoTvlebi eyrdnoba msoflio sagzao statistikis (World Road Statistics) monacemebs.

5 Рейтинг стран мира по уровню автомобилизации. International Road Federation. The World Road Statistics 2012. http://gtmarket.ru/ratings/passenger-cars-per.

12

obis mobilobaze. siCqaris zrda iZleva ekonomikur da socialur efeqts

_ mosaxleobis gadaadgilebisas droisa da Zalis ekonomia, gamoTavi-

suflebuli dro SeiZleba iyos mimarTuli sxva miznebze (dasvenebaze,

damatebiTi Semosavlebis miRebaze, Svilebis aRzrdaze, ganaTlebasa da

sxva socialur miznebze). magaliTad, erT milionze meti mosaxleobis

mqone qalaqSi fexiT mosiaruleTa siCqare Seadgens 5 km/sT, xolo av-

tobusis siCqare Seadgens 20 km/sT, anu gadaadgilebis siCqare izrdeba

4-jer6.

qalaqis mosaxleobis zrdasTan erTad izrdeba mgzavrobis yovel-

dRiuri droiTi danaxarjebi _ mgzavrobis xangrZlivoba da erT mln.

mosaxleze meti sididis qalaqebSi aRwevs 2 da met saaTs. momuSave ada-

mianis Tavisufali dro dReRameSi Seadgens daaxloebiT 7 saaTs (8 sT. _

samuSao droa, 9 sT. _ Zili da piradi droa). amdenad, Tu saSualod dRe-

RameSi mgzavrobaze ixarjeba 1 saaTi da 30 wuTi, transporti „ikavebs“

Tavisufali drois 1/5-ze mets7.

dadgenilia, rom qalaqebi, sadac gadaadgileba upiratesad xorciel-

deba sazogadoebrivi transportiT, velosipedebiT an fexiT (miunheni,

singapuri) 500,000 samuSao adgilamde misasvlelad saWiroa 20-25 wuTi,

maSin rodesac qalaqebSi, sadac gadaadgileba upiratesad xdeba piradi

avtomanqanebiT (hiustoni, melburni), igive maCvenebeli Seadgens 55-70

wuTs8.

mgzavrobis xangrZlivoba da gadavsebuli transporti iwvevs e.w. „sa-

transporto daRlilobas“ da pirdapir moqmedebs mgzavrTa Sromis nay-

ofierebaze. kvlevebiT dadgenilia, rom yoveldRiuri satransporto

droiTi danaxarjebi ar unda aRematebodes 1 saaTs da 6 wuTs, winaaRmdeg

SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia mgzavrebs gauCndes sxvadasxva saxis fiziolo-

giuri darRvevebi. aseve dadgenilia, rom yoveli 10 wuTi, gatarebuli

gadavsebul transportSi iwvevs sanardod momuSaveTa Sromis nayofi-

erebis Semcirebas saSualod 4%-iT, xolo droiTi sistemiT momuSaveTa

Sromis nayofierebas ki ufro metiT.

kvlevebiT aseve dadginda, rom mgzavrTa raodenobis SemcirebiT 1m2-ze,

SeimCneva Sromis nayofierebis zrda. magaliTad, 6,5 adam./1m2 SemcirebiT

6 Seventh session of open working on sustainable development goals of the united nations general assembly. Un Headquarters, New York, 6-10 January 2014. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5363thiam.pdf7 ia goderZiSvili. saqarTvelos saavtomobilo transportSi ekonomikuri krizisi


2014.

8 Public transport: the smart green solution! Doubling market share worldwide by 2025. p.3. http://growpublictransport.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/PTx2_brochure.pdf

13

4 adam./1m2-de, SeimCneva 2%-iani Sromis nayofierebis zrda. aRsaniSnavia,

rom es kavSiri ar aris wrfivi damokidebulebis. varSavis sawarmoebSi

kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom xangrZlivi mgzavroba gadavsebul (10 wu-

TiT meti uliandago da 15 wuTiT meti liandagian) transportSi iwvevs

Sromis nayofierebis Semcirebas 30%-de muSaobis pirvel saaTSi da daax-

loebiT 10% _ meore saaTSi.

qalaqis mudmivi urbanizacia iwvevs sacobebis zrdas. sazogadoe-

brivi transporti pirad avtotransportTan SedarebiT ufro efeqturad

iyenebs qalaqis sivrces, vinaidan axdens ara mxolod mosaxleobis

gadaadgilebas, aramed aTavisuflebs sagzao savrces. sacobebTan dakav-

Sirebuli pirdapiri danaxarjebi ganviTarebul qveynebSi aRwevs mTliani

Sida produqtis 2%-s, rac yovelwliurad Seadgens miliardobiT evros,

xolo ganviTarebad qveynebSi 3-4%9.

sagzao sacobebis Tavidan acileba SesaZlebelia sagzao sivrcis gan-

TavisuflebiT. mgzavroba saxlidan samsaxuramde sakuTari avtomobiliT

ikavebs 90-jer met qalaqis sivrces da infrastruqturas, vidre igive

mgzavroba metroTi da 20-jer met adgils, vidre igive mgzavroba avto-

busiT, an tramvaiT10.

erTi avtomanqana ikavebs terotoriis 10-15 metrs manqanis win da

Sesabamisad, ukan. avtomanqanisaTvis saWiroa igive sivrce, rac saofise

sivrce erT TanamSromelze _ daaxloebiT 20 kvadratuli metri11. yvelam

rom imgzavros samsaxurSi manqanebiT, maSin avtomanqanebis parkirebisaT-

vis saWiro sivrce iqneba igive, rac sivrce, romelic saWiroa imave ra-

odenobis adamianebisaTvis ekonomikuri saqmianobis gansaxorcieleblad.

sazogadoebrivi transportis saerTaSoriso asociaciis mier dadge-

nilia, rom erT saaTSi 50,000 aTasi adamianis erTi mimarTulebiT gadas-

ayvanad saWiroa Semdegi sagzao sivrce (sigane):

• piradi avtomanqaniT _ 175 metri;

• avtobusiT _ 35 metri;

• liandagiani transportiT _ 9 metri12.

9 Значение пассажирского транспорта в жизни общества. с. 3. http://www.transportall.ru/info/perevozki/282/2101.html10 Public transport: the smart green solution! Doubling market share worldwide by 2025. p.4. http://growpublictransport.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/PTx2_brochure.pdf11 Public transport: the smart green solution! Doubling market share worldwide by 2025. p.5. http://growpublictransport.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/PTx2_brochure.pdf12 Public transport: the smart green solution! Doubling market share worldwide by 2025. p.5. http://growpublictransport.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/PTx2_brochure.pdf

14

dadgenilia, rom transportis 50 km/sT siCqariT moZraobisas, 270

adamianis tevadobis Cqarosnul tramvaize (100%-iani datvirTvisas) erT

mgzavrze modis transportis savali nawilis 1.6 kv.m, 40%-iani datvirT-

visas _ daaxloebiT 4 kv.m, e.i. 40-jer naklebi, vidre msubuqi avtomobi-

lis erT mgzavrze. analogiuri gaTvlebiT, avtobusis erT mgzavrze mo-

suli savali nawilis farTi 20-jer ufro naklebia, vidre msubuq avto-

mobilze13.

mosaxleobis „avtomobilizacia“ iwvevs qalaqis sivrcis dakavebas,

rac amcirebs gzis gamtarunarianobas da gamzidunarianobas, warmoqmnis

sacobebs, auaresebs qalaqis ekologias da zrdis sagzao satransporto

SemTxvevebis raodenobas. ase, magaliTad, gaeros garemos dacvis pro-

gramis monacemebiT, pekinSi yoveldRiurad registrirdeba 1,000 axali

avtomanqana, romelTa parkirebisaTvis yoveldRiurad saWiroa safex-

burTo moednis toli ori axali farTobis damateba. maSin rodesac,

sazogadoebrivi transportis mobilobisa da wvdomisaTvis RonisZiebebi

moiTxovs gacilebiT nakleb dabandebebs, vidre sacobebis Sedegebis da-

naxarjebi.

mniSvnelovani adgili socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi ukavia

transportis usafrTxoebas. iTvleba, rom piradi avtomanqanebiT mgza-

vrobisas sagzao SemTxvevebis moxdenis albaToba 10-jer metia, vidre

sazogadoebrivi transportiT14. amdenad, sazogadoebrivi transporti

gadaadgilebis usafrTxo xerxia.

sazogadoebrivi transporti qalaqis ekonomikisa da socialuri

cxovrebis safuZvelia, romelic efuZneba arsebul satransporto in-

frastruqturas. yvela Sesabamisi profesiuli da samecniero kvleve-

biT dasturdeba, rom mosaxleobis satransporto mobilobis zrda unda

xdebodes sazogadoebrivi transportiT. sazogadoebrivi transpor-

tis social-ekonomikuri mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, sazogadoebrivi transportis saerTaSoriso asociacia (UITP) miznad isaxavs 2025 wlisaT-

vis msoflioSi sazogadoebrivi transportis sabazro wilis gaormage-

bas. sazogadoebrivi transportis mizania qalaqis mosaxleobis saimedo

mobilobis uzrunvelyofa naklebi finansuri da bunebrivi resursebis

danaxarjebiT. magram, statistika cxadyofs, rom evropis qveynebSi da

aSS-Si mosaxleobis saSualod 25-35% sargeblobs sazogadoebrivi trans-

13 b. soselia. sazogadoebrivi transportis ganviTarebis problemebi da maTi

gadaWris mimarTulebebi. disertaciis avtoreferati. 2014. gv. 16-17.

14 Public transport: the smart green solution! Doubling market share worldwide by 2025. p.6. http://growpublictransport.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/PTx2_brochure.pdf

15

portiT, xolo dasavleT evropaSi _ 15-20%15. qveynebis mixedviT piradi

avtomanqanebiT sargeblobis statistika aseTia16 (cxrili 1.1):

cxrili 1.1

qveynebi mosaxleobis mgzavroba saqalaqo transportis saxeebis mixedviT (%)

qveyanaindividual-

uri

sazogadoe-

brivi

velosi-

pedifexiT sxva

aSS 82,3 3,4 0,7 10,7 2,9

kanada 74,0 15,0 - 10,4 0,6

germaniis federaciuli

respublika 47,6 11,4 9,0 30,0 2,0

Sveicaria 38,2 19,8 9,8 29,0 3,2

safrangeTi 47,0 11,0 5,0 30,0 7,0

SvedeTi 36,0 11,0 10,0 39,0 4,0

niderlandebi 45,2 4,3 29,4 18,8 2,3

italia 30,6 26,0 - 43,0 0,4

avstria 38,5 12,8 8,5 31,2 9,0

britaneTi 45,0 19,0 4,0 29,0 3,0

dania 42,0 14,0 20,0 21,0 3,0

ruseTi (q. moskovi)17 40,0 60,0 - -

sazogadoebrivi transportiT sargeblobis stimulirebisaTvis ev-

ropis qveynebSi xdeba satransporto sistemis iseTi saxelmwifo reg-

ulireba, romelic krZalavs da/an zRudavs piradi avtomanqanebis gamoy-

enebas drois garkveul periodSi da adgilebSi, riTac iZulebuls xdis

mosaxleobas isargeblos sazogadoebrivi transportiT. ase, magaliT-

ad, evropis qveynebSi (britaneTSi, safrangeTSi, germaniaSi, espaneTSi,

italiaSi, irlandiaSi da sxva) arsebobs avtomanqanis flobis, tarebis da

parkirebis Semdegi tipis SezRudvebi18:

15 Якушина Н. В. Финансирование городского пассажирского транспорта в условиях современной экономики. http://www.dissercat.com/content/finansirovanie-gorodskogo-passazhirskogo-transporta16 Развитие системы ГПТ в странах Запада. http://transcord.ru/index.php/obshestvenniie-transport/transportnaya-sistema-gorodov-i-regionov/razvitie-sistem-gpt-v-stranax-zapada.html17 Развитие и функционирование дорожно-транспортного комплекса на 2014-2018г.г. Правительство Московской области. с. 3. http://old.mt.mosreg.ru/userdata/257055.pdf18 Vehicle Use Limitations/Restrictions. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/stateresources/policy/transp/tcms/veh_restrictions.pdfТранспортная политика и проблемы устойчивого развития. http://www.omnibus.ru/technology/technology1/

16

administraci-

uli

avtomanqanebis registraciisa da flobis SezRudvebi

gansazRvrul droSi an zonaSi moZraobis akrZalva

parkirebis akrZalva an drois SezRudva

fizikuri

moZraobis regulirebis saSualebebiT moZraobis Seferxeba, sazo-

gadoebrivi transportisaTvis moZraobis zolebis Seqmna

parkirebis adgilebis SezRudva

fiskaluri

avtomanqanis flobis gadasaxadi

gadasaxadi gzebiT sargeblobisaTvis

parkirebis gadasaxadi

gadasaxadi gansazRvrul zonaSi SesvlisaTvis

ra unda gakeTdes imisaTvis, rom mosaxleobam pirad avtomanqanebi-

sgan gansxvavebiT upiratesoba mianiWos sazogadoebriv transports?

aRiarebulia, rom amisaTvis unda iqnes amoqmedebuli sazogadoebrivi

transportis upiratesobebi, anu igi iyos:

• mobiluri;

• usafrTxo;

• komfortuli;

• iafi19;

• prognozirebadi.

Tu sazogadoebrivi transporti daakmayofilebs am kriteriumebs,

mosaxleoba gaakeTebs arCevans mis sasargeblod.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom sazogadoe-

brivi transportis prioritetebia:

• ekonomikis ganviTareba;

• mosaxleobis mobiloba _ mgzavrTabrunvis zrda;

• moZraobis usafrTxoebis amaRleba _ sagzao SemTxvevebis

Semcireba;

• sagzao sivrcis ganTavisufleba _ sacobebis Semcireba;

• mgzavrobis xarisxisa da servisis amaRleba _ komfortuli mgza-

vroba;

• satransporto danaxarjebis Semcireba da mgzavrobis Rirebulebis

optimizacia;

19 arsebobs mosazreba, rom mgazvrobis Rirebuleba unda Seesabamebodes sabazro

fasebs, ar xdebodes misi Semcireba transportis Semadgenlobisa da xelfasebis

ekonomiis xarjze, es axdens gavlenas usafrTxoebasa da komfortze, aferxebs

dargis ganviTarebas. Транспортная мобильность россиян:личное авто или общественный транспорт. http://www.transport-at.ru/image/PDF/Aktyalno/aktyalno%2015.pdf.

17

• sawvavis moxmarebis Semcireba da ekologiis gaumjobeseba _ gare-

moze mavne nivTierebebis gavlenis Semcireba;

• Sromis nayofierebis zrda _ satransporto daRlilobis

Semcireba;

• drois gamoTavisufleba _ Cqarosnuli satransporto saSuale-

bebiT;

• satransporto operatorebis Semosavlebis zrda.

sazogadoebrivi transportis ganviTareba ganapirobebs mosaxleobis

cxovrebis xarisxis, saqmiani aqtivobis, ekonomikis potencialisa da so-

cialuri SesaZleblobebis zrdas, xels uwyofs mosaxleobis yvela feni-

saTvis Tanabari socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebis Seqmnas.

1.2. sazogadoebrivi transportis momsaxurebis maxasiaTeblebi

mosaxleobis mobiloba da transportis momsaxurebis moculobi-

Ti maCveneblebi

mosaxleobis ricxovnobisa da qalaqebis urbanizaciis zrda iwvevs

mosaxleobis mobilobis problemebs. mosaxleobis mobiloba mosaxleo-

bis migraciis sinonimia da niSnavs maT gadaadgilebas. cnobilia, rom

migraciis procesi ganpirobebulia socialuri faqtorebiT da amitom

sociologebi ganixilaven mas ufro farTo kategoriiT _ rogoricaa so-

cialuri mobiloba20. socialuri mobiloba gulisxmebs procesebs, ro-

melic cvlis adamianis socialur statuss. sociologebi mosaxleobis

mobilobas ganixilaven socialuri samarTlianobisa da Tanasworobis as-

peqtSi _ moqalaqis socialuri statusis, Semosavlebis, asakisa da sqesis

miuxedavad mobiloba unda iyos yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdomi. mosaxleobis

mobilobis socialuri Tanasworobis saSualebaa sazogadoebrivi trans-

porti.

amdenad, sazogadoebrivi transporti aris fizikur da socialur

sivrceSi gadaadgilebis saSualeba. sazogadoebrivi transportis funqcia

da mizania mosaxleobisaTvis mobilobis momsaxureba sxvadasxva satrans-

porto saSualebebiT. misi efqturoba efuZneba mgzavrTa didi raode-

nobis/nakadis gadayvanas da saqmianobis masStabebiT, ekonomiis miRebas.

transportis saqmianobis mobilobis moculobiTi (naturaluri)

maCveneblebia:

20 es kategoria (1927w.) ekuTvnis rus sociologs da kulturologs, harvardis

universitetis sociologiis fakultetis damaarsebels, piterim sorokins,

socialuri stratifikaciisa da socialuri mobilobis Teoriis avtors.

18

• mgzavrTa gadayvana;

• mgzavrTbrunva;

• mgzavrTnakadi;

• gadayvanis saSualo manZili;

• siCqare21;

• saavtomobilo parki.

mgzavrTa gadayvana. mgzavrebis ricxvia (mln. kaci), romlebic gaday-

vanilia samgzavro transportiT drois garkveul periodSi. aRricxva

warmoebs transportis calkeuli saxeebisa da mimosvlis saxeebis mixed-

viT. gadayvanil mgzavrTa raodenobaSi CarTulia ufaso mgzavrobis an

sxva SeRavaTebiT mosargeble mgzavrebic.

mgzavrTabrunva asaxavs transportis calkeuli saxeobebis mixedviT

gadayvanil mgzavrTa raodenobas, misi zomis erTeulia milioni mgza-

vr-kilometri (mln. mgzavr-km). es maCvenebeli gaiangariSeba gadayvanili

mgzavrebis raodenobis gamravlebiT mgzavrTa gadayvanis manZilze. miC-

neulia, rom es maCvenebeli asaxavs ufro transportis saxeobis efeqtia-

nobas, vidre gadayvanil mgzavrTa raodenobas.

mgzavrTnakadi asaxavs transportis mocemuli saxeobis mier gaday-

vanil mgzavrTa raodenobas drois erTeulSi gansazRvruli marSrutis

monakveTze22. is aris pirdapiri mimarTulebiT da uku. drois erTeuli

SeiZleba iyos saaTi, dReRame, Tve, weli.

es maCvenebeli xasiaTdeba: simZlavriT, anu mgzavrTa raodenobiT,

romelic gaivlis marSrutis mocemul monakveTze erTi mimarTulebiT

garkveul droSi drois garkveul erTeulSi; gadayvanil mgzavrTa ra-

odenobiT, anu gadayvanil mgzavrTa raodenobiT drois garkveul mon-

akveTSi (saaTi, dReRame, Tve, weli). mgzavrTnakadisaTvis damaxasiaTebe-

lia uTanabroba, is icvleba drois erTeulis (saaTebis, dReRamis, kviris dReebis da wlis sezonis) mixedviT.

erTi mgzavris gadayvanis saSualo manZili transportis calkeuli

saxeebis mixedviT gaiangariSeba mgzavrTbrunvis moculobis SefardebiT

gadayvanili mgzavrebis raodenobasTan da gamoixateba kilometrebSi

(km.) Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis moculobiTi maCveneblebis dina-

mika asaxulia me-1.2 cxrilSi.

21 siCqare gansazRvravs mobilobas, amavdroulad is aris xarisxis erT-erTi

maCvenebeli da ganxilulia satransporto momsaxurebis xarisxis maCveneblebSi.

22 Пассажирооборот и пассажиропотоки. http://student-stroitel.ru/passazhirooborot-i-passaz-hiropotoki/ http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/

19

cxrili 1.2

mgzavrTa gadayvanis struqtura da dinamika sazogadoebrivi transportis

saxeebis mixedviT 2010-2014 wlebSi

wl

ebi mln.kaci procentobiT

avtobusebi metro sabagiro sulavto-

busebimetro

sab-

agi-

ro

sul

2010 62,250,243 78,919,166 0 141,169,409 44,10 55,90 0 100,00

2011 65,810,795 85,113,076 0 150,923,871 43,61 56,39 0 100,00

2012 69,463,355 93,604,934 841,983 163,910,272 42,38 57,20 0,51 100,00

2013 105,763,914 96,226,625 1,150,142 203,140,681 52,06 47,37 0,57 100,00

2014 121,261,180 98,981,378 1,026,648 221,269,206 54,80 44,73 0,46 100,00

424,549,487 452,845,179 3,018,773 880,413,439 48,22 51,45 0,34 100,00

cxrilis monacemebidan Cans, rom q. Tbilisis sazogadoebrivi trans-

portis ZiriTadi saxeobaa avtobusi da metro. transportis mesame saxes,

sabagiros umniSvnelo nawili ukavia mgzavrTa gadayvanis struqturaSi

(amoqmedda 2012 wlis 1 ivniss) da masze 1%-ze naklebi modis. 2010-2012

wlebSi sazogadoebrivi tarnsportis struqturaSi prioretetuli adgi-

li ekava metros, 2013-2014 wlebSi ki, avtobuss (52-55%).

diagrama 1.1

q. Tbilisis sazogadoebrivi transportis struqtura (%)

20

2014 wels sabaziso welTan SedarebiT (ix.cxrili 1.3) mTlianobaSi

mgzavrTa gadayvana mniSvnelovnad, 56,74%-iT, gaizarda, gansakuTrebiT

gaizarda mgzavrTa avtobusiT gadayvana. kerZod, avtobusiT gadayvanili

mgzavrebis moculoba gaizarda TiTmis orjer _ 94,8%-iT, metroTi ga-

dayvanili mgzavrebisa _ 25,42%-iT, xolo sabagiroT _ 21,93% (sabaziso

weli 2012).

cxrili 1.3

2014 wlis matebis tempebi sabaziso welTan SedarebiT

transporti gaangariSeba %

avtobusi 121,261,180/62,250,243*100 94,8

metro 98,981,378/78,919,166 *100 25,42

sabagiro 1,026,648/841,983 * 100 21,93

sul 221,269,206/141,169,409*100 56,74

zrdis tempebis aRniSnuli sxvaoba ganapiroba mgzavrTa mTlian moc-

ulobaSi avtobusiT gadayvanili mgzavrTa xvedri wilis 42%-dan 55%-mde

zrdam da metroTi gadayvanili mgzavrTa xvedri wilis 57%-dan 45%-mde

Semcirebam. amis Sedegia is, rom Tu 2010 wels metroTi gadayvanil 100 mg-

zavrze modioda avtobusiT gadayvanili 79 mgzavri (62,250,243/78,919,166

*100), 2014 wels es maCvenebeli gaizarda 123-de (121,261,180/98,981,378

* 100), anu 44 mgzavriT (123-79) meti, e.i. 55,70%-iT (44/79), rac ganx-

ilul periodSi saavtobuso gadayvanis rolis mniSvnelovan zrdaze

metyvelebs. amas SeiZleba isic daematos, rom 2014 wels 2010 welTan

SedarebiT, avtobusebiT 59,010,937 milioniT (121,261,180 _ 62,250,243)

meti mgzavria gadayvanili, xolo metroTi _ mxolod 20,062,212 meti

(98,981,378 _ 78,919,166).

avtobusebiT mgzavrTa gadayvanis zrdis tempebi wina wlebTan

SedarebiT warmodgenilia 1.4 cxrilSi (diagrama 1.2).

cxrili 1.4

avtobusebiT mgzavrTa gadayvanis zrdis tempi 2010-2014 wlebSi

wlebi kacicvlileba wina

welTan (kaci)

zrdis tempi (%)

wina welTan sabazisosTan

2009 56,900,000

2010 62,250,243 5,350,243 109,4 100,00

2011 65,810,795 3,560,552 105,7 105,72

21

2012 69,463,355 3,652,560 105,6 111,59

2013 105,763,914 36,300,559 152,3 160,71

2014 121,261,393 15,497,266 114,7 174,57

sul (2009w.gareSe) 424,549,487 x x x

diagrama 1.2

avtobusebiT mgzavrTa gadayvanis zrdis tempi (%)

rogorc cxrilidan Cans, 2010-2014 wlebSi, avtobusebiT sul ga-

dayvanil iqna 424,549,487 mgzavri. 2010-2012 wlebSi gadayvanili mg-

zavrTa mateba aris 7,213,112, xolo matebis tempi Seadgens 11,6%

(7,213,112/62,250,243). 2012-2013 wlebze modis mgzavrTa gadayvanis

yvelaze maRali absoluturi mateba (36.300,559) da matebis tempi (52,3%).

2013-2014 wlebSi matebis tempi Semcirda da Seadgina 14,7%.

saanalizo periodSi avtobusebs saSualod weliwadSi gadayavda

84,9 mln. mgzavri (424,549,487/5w.), mgzavrTa gadayvanis zrdis tempi 2014

wels sabazisosTan SedarebiT tolia 194,78%-is (121,261,393/62,250,243

*100), xolo saSualowliuri zrdis tempi Seadgens 118,1 % ( ).

metropoliteniT mgzavrTa gadayvanis zrdis tempebi wina wlebTan

SedarebiT warmodgenilia 1.5 cxrilSi.

22

cxrili 1.5

metropoliteniT mgzavrTa gadayvanis zrdis tempi 2010-2014 wlebSi

wlebi kacicvlileba wina

welTan (kaci)

zrdis tempebi


2009 78,451,228 - - -

2010 78,919,166 467,938 100,60 100,00

2011 85,113,076 6,193,910 107,85 107,85

2012 93,604,934 8,491,858 109,98 118,61

2013 96,226,625 2,621,691 102,80 121,93

2014 98,981,378 2,754,753 102,86 125,42

sul (2009 w. gareSe) 452,845,179

saanalizo periodSi metropolitens saSualod wliurad gadayavda

90,569,036 mgzavri (452,845,179/5w.). yvelaze meti gadayvanilia 2012 wels,

am wels wina welTan SedarebiT zrdam Seadgina 110%. Semdgom wlebSi

(2013 da 2014) zrdis tempi praqtikulad erTnairad mcirdeba da zrda

Seadgens mxolod 102,9%.

2014 wels sabaziso welTan SedarebiT mgzavrTa gadayvanis zrdis

tempi tolia 125,42%-is (98,981,378/78,919,166*100), xolo saSualowliuri

zrdis tempi Seadgens 105,8% ( ).

cxrili 1.4 da 1.5 monacemebiT irkveva, rom 2012 da 2014 wlebSi avto-

busiT mgzavrTa gadayvanis zrdis tempebi uswrebs metroTi gadayvanil

mgzavrTa tempebs.

sabagiro gza amoqmedda 2012 wels 23 ivniss, or weliwadSi gadayvanil-

ia 3,018,773 mgzavri (ix.cxrili 1.6). 2013 wels wina welTan SedarebiT zr-

dam Seadgenda 136,9%, magram 2014 wels 123,494 (1,026,648 _ 1,150,142) mg-

zavriT naklebia gadayvanili da Sedegad matebis tempi Semcirda 11%-iT.

cxrili 1.6

sabagiroTi mgzavrTa gadayvanis zrdis tempi 2012-2014 wlebSi

wlebi mln.kacicvlileba wina

welTan (mln. kaci)

zrdis tempi

wina welTan

(%)

mateba wina welTan

(%)

2012 841,983 841,983

2013 1,150,142 308,159 136,60 36,6

2014 1,026,648 -123,494 89,26 -11

sul 3,018,773 x x x

23

2010-2013 wlebSi avtobusiT mgzavrTbrunvam 24,545.7 mln. mgzavr-km.

Seadgina (ix.cxrili 1.7), anu saSualod weliwadSi 6,136.4 mln. mgzavr-km

(24,545.7/4).

cxrili 1.7

avtobusebiT mgzavrTbrunva 2010-2014 wlebSi (mln.mgzavr.-km.)

wlebi mln.mgzavr.-km.cvlileba wina welTan

(mln.mgzavr.-km.)

zrdis tempi

wina welTan (%)

mateba wina

welTan (%)

2010 5,884,6 - 100,00 -

2011 6,049,4 164,8 102,80 2,80

2012 6,218,8 169,4 102,80 2,80

2013 6,392,9 174,1 102,80 2,80

sul 24,545,7 508,3

ganxilul periodSi avtobusebiT mgzavrTbrunvis zrdis tempi saba-

ziso welTan SedarebiT Seadgens 108,6% (6,392,9/5,884,6*100). saSualow-

liurma zrdis tempma Seadgina 102,80%, rac imas niSnavs, rom ganxilul

periodSi mgzavrTbrunvis saSualowliuri absoluturi matebis maCvene-

beli 169,4 mln. mgzavr-km. Seadgina (508,3/3).

2010-2014 wlebSi metropoliteniT mgzavrTabrunvam Seadgina 2,264,6

mln. mgzavr-km. (ix. cxrili 1.8), e.i. saSualod weliwadSi 566.15 mln. mg-

zavr-km.(2264,6/4).

cxrili 1.8

metropoliteniT mgzavrTbrunva 2010-2014 wlebSi (mln.mgzavr.-km.)

wlebimln. mgza-

vr-km.

cvlileba wina

welTan (mln.mgza-

vr-km.)

zrdis tempi wina

welTan (%)

mateba wina welTan

(%)

2010 505 - 100,00 -

2011 544,7 39,7 107,86 7,86

2012 599,1 54,4 109,99 9,99

2013 615,8 16,7 102,79 2,79

sul 2,264,6 110,8

2013 wels sabazisosTan SedarebiT mgzavrTabrunva gaizarda 121,9%-

iT (615,8/505*100), e.i. saSualod weliwadSi Seadgens 105,1% ( ).

24

satransporto momsaxurebis RirebulebiTi maCveneblebi

satransporto momsaxurebis (mgzavrTa gadayvanis) RirebulebiTi

maCveneblebia mgzavrTa gadayvanis TviTRirebuleba da tarifebi. mgza-

vrTa gadayvanis TviTRirebuleba aris satransporto kompaniis saeqsplu-

atacio xarjebis sidide transportis produqciis erTeulze _ mgza-

vrTbrunvis erT mgzavr-kilometrze. gadayvanis TviTRirebuleba gaiag-

ariSeba transportis saxeebis mixedviT.

satransporto momsaxurebis TviTRirebuleba moicavs mudmiv da

cvlad xarjebs.

mudmivi xarjebia:

• xelfasis nawili;

• amortizaciis xarji;

• ijaris xarji;

• dazRvevis xarji;

• administraciuli xarjebi.

cvladi xarjebia: • sawvavis xarji;

• eleqtroenergiis xarji;

• satransporto saSualebebis saeqspluatacio masalebi;

• teqnikuri momsaxurebisa da mimdinare remontiis xarji;

• mZRolebis xelfasi.

Tanafardoba mudmiv da cvlad xarjebs Soris aris satranspor-

to momsaxurebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri parametri. es

Tanafardoba gansazRvravs gadayvanis manZilisa da misaRebi efeqtis

ekonomikur mizanSewonilobas.

satransporto momsaxurebis faswarmoqmnisas gasaTvaliswinebelia,

rom danaxarjebi mudmivia normatiuli moculobis pirobebSi, xolo gr-

Zelvadian perspeqtivaSi da didi moculobiT momsaxurebis pirobebSi,

yvela xarji cvladia. zogjer ar arsebobs mkveTri gansxvaveba cvlad da

mudmiv xarjebs Soris, vinaidan xarjebi nawilobriv mudmivia da nawilo-

briv cvladia.

gadayvanis TviTRirebuleba icvleba manZilis Sesabamisad. cvlilebis

damokidebuleba aisaxeba formuliT23:

23 Формирование стоимости транспортных услуг. http://mosalians.ru/rus/formirovanie_stoimosti_transportnyh_uslug/

25

C = FC + VC * L sadac:

C (costs) _ danaxarjebi;

FC (fixed costs) _ pirobiT mudmivi xarjebi;

VC (variable costs) _ cvladi xarjebi 1 kilometrze;

L ( Length) _ manZili (km.).

saavtomobilo transportis TviTRirebulebaSi udidesi nawili uka-

via cvlad xarjebs, amitom misi TviTRirebuleba manZilTan erTad ufro

swrafad izrdeba, vidre sxva saxis transportis.

sabazro meqanizmis ZiriTadi elementebia moTxovna, miwodeba da fasi.

satransporto momsaxurebis sferos bazris mdgomareoba ganisazRvreba

moTxovna-miwodebis urTierTkavSiriT, sadac moTxovna ganisazRvreba

satransporto momsaxurebis momxmarebelTa gadaxdisunarianobiT. ama-

vdroulad, tarifsa24 da moTxovnas Soris SeimCneva ukukavSiri, sadac

moTxovnis kanoni25 aris ganmsazRvreli: rac ufro maRalia mgzavrobis

tarifi, miT ufro dabalia mis momsaxurebaze moTxovna26.

moTxovna-miwodebis saxelmwifo regulirebis erT-erTi instrumen-

tia dotaciebi, subsidireba da fasebis regulireba. subsidirebis miza-

nia satransporto organizaciebisaTvis zaralis kompensireba da mcire-

Semosavlini moqalaqeebisaTvis mobilobis xelSewyoba. tarifi unda iyos

ekonomikurad sworad gaTvlili, igi ar unda moicavdes dausabuTebel

xarjebs, araefeqturi saqmianobidan miRebul zarals da sxva. sworad

gaTvlili tarifi uzrunvelyofs satransporto kompaniebis finanur

mdgradobas, efeqtur saqmianobas da momsaxurebis xarisxis amaRlebas,

gazrdis mosaxleobis moTxovnas sazogadoebriv transportze da kom-

paniis finansur Sedegebs. dausabuTeblad gazrdili tarifi iZleva

ukuefeqts _ mcirdeba mgzavrTa raodenoba da satransporto kompaniebis

Semosavlebi. amdenad, ekonomikurad dasabuTebuli tarifebi pasuxobs

mosaxleobis da satransporto kompaniebis interesebs.

minimalurze dabali donis tarifi ver uzrunvelyofs saqmiano-

bis gansaxorcieleblad saWiro Semosavlebs. saWiroa ekonomikurad

24 saxelmwifos mier regulirebadi mgzavrTa satransporto momsaxurebis fasi aris

tarifi.

25 moTxovnis kanoni mdgomareobs fasisa da moTxovnili raodenobis ukuproporciul

damokidebulebaSi

26 Гереева П.Г.Городской пассажирский трансорт мегаполиса в системе международной транспортной инфраструктуры. Urban passenger transport in the megalopolis of transport infrastructure.

26

dasabuTebuli iseTi tarifebis dadgena, romelic iqneba mosaxleobisaT-

vis ekonomikurad misawvdomi da satransporto kompaniebisaTvis momge-

biani. anu, tarifebi, romelic iTvaliswinebs mgzavrTa da kompaniebis

interesebs.

mgzavrTa gadayvanis TviTRirebulebis kalkulaciis Tavisebu rebe-

bidan gamomdinare, romelic ganpirobebulia saeqspluatacio xarjeb-

sa da satransporto momsaxurebis moculobas Soris pirdapiri damok-

idebulebis ar arsebobiT, arsebobs satransporto momsaxurebis tari-

fikaciis Semdegi meTodebi:

• zRvruli;

• ekonomikurad dasabuTebuli;

• socialurad orientirebuli.

satarifo sistema efuZneba or mTavar faqtors: manZils da moculo-

bas. zRvruli tarifi maqsimalurad dasaSvebi tarifia da gaangariSebu-

lia ekonomikurad dasabuTebuli danaxarjebiT, saxelmwifo dotaciebis

(transportis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro investiciebis) gaTvaliswinebiT.

es tarifi dakavSirebulia SeRavaTian mgzavrobasTan da gaiangariSeba

formuliT:

Tmin = (C + P _ D)/ Q

sadac: Tmin _ tarifis zRvruli done (lari);

C _ prognozirebadi danaxarjebi (lari);

P _ gegmuri mogeba (lari);

D _ dotacia (lari);

Q _ gadayvanili mgzavrTa raodenoba (kaci).

ekonomikurad dasabuTebuli tarifi aris tarifi, romelic gaan-

gariSebulia gadamzidavis mier ekonomikurad dasabuTebuli danaxarjeb-

iT, rentabelobis saWiro donis gaTvaliswinebiT. miCneulia, rom renta-

belobis donem unda Seadginos araumetes 15%. socialurad orientirebuli tarifi aris tarifis iseTi done, rom-

lis mixedviT mosaxleobas SeuZlia moaxdinos mobiloba. am tarifis

gaangariSeba xdeba mosaxleobis gadaxdisunarianobisa da maT mier TveSi

mosalodneli (aris mosazreba, rom aranakleb 50) mgzavrobis raodenobis

mixedviT.

mosaxleobis gadaxdisunarianoba ganisazRvreba rogorc yovel-

27

dRiuri mgzavrobis danaxarjebis wili mosaxleobis saSualoTviur

SemosavlebSi da Seadgens saSualod xelfasis 4-6%. mosaxleobis faqti-

uri Semosavlebis maCvenebleblad aiReba statistikuri monacemebi.

zRvruli tarifi avtotransportze dgindeba ekonomikurad

dasabuTebul da socialurad orientirebul tarifebs Soris inter-

valSi adgilobrivi biujetidan dafinansebis gaTvaliswinebiT. tarifebi

faravs TviTRirebulebis 60-65%, danarCeni nawili ifareba municipal-

uri biujetidan. Tbilisis satransporto kompania qalaqis biujetidan

finansirdeba mxolod e.w. „SeRavaTiani tarifebi“-s nawilSi.

umravles SemTxvevaSi satransporto tarifebi ar aris damokidebuli

mgzavrobis manZilze da yvela ixdis Tanabrad. Tumca, arsebobs mosazre-

ba, rom aseTi sistema ar aris samarTliani da Tanamedrove sainformacio

sistemis gamoyenebis pirobebSi SesaZlebelia gakontroldes mgzavrobis

xangrZlivoba da gamoyenebul iqnes „samarTliani“ tarifi saSualo man-

Zilze gaTvliT.

tarifis swori gaTvlisaTvis unda ganisazRvros27:

1. sazogadoebriv transportze mosaxleobis gadaxdisunarianobis

moTxovna saSualoTviur SemosavlebSi satransporto xarjebis xvedri

wiliT;

2. saSualoTviuri Semosavlebi, rogorc saSualoSewonili sidide

mosaxleobis Semosavlebis xvedriTi wilebis ganawilebis mixedviT;

3. tarifis maqsimaluri done, romlis zrda uaryofiT gavlenas

iqoniebs mosaxleobis socialur mdgomareobaze.

sazogadoebriv transportze tarifebis dadgenisas gaiTvaliswineba

ara mxolod satransporto kompaniebis Semosavlebi, aramed transpor-

tis socialuri daniSnuleba.

tarifebis mixedviT SesaZlebelia mgzavrobis Semdeg kategoriebad

dajgufeba:

• mgzavroba standartuli tarifiT;

• mgzavroba sxvadasxva saxis fasdaklebis tarifebiT;

• mgzavroba sxvadasxva saxis SeRavaTiani tarifebiT.

2012 wels amoqmedda fasdaklebis sistema, romlis farglebSic yve-

la im mgzavrs vinc municipalur transportSi mgzavrobis safasuris

gadaxdisas sargeblobs eleqtronuli sabaraTe sistemiT (metromani),

SesaZlebloba eZleva (maT Soris SeRavaTiani tarifiT mosargeble mgza-

vrebs), pirveli mgzavrobis safasuris gadaxdis Semdeg saaTnaxevris (90

27 Никитина А.Н. Доступность пассажирского транспорта для населения с точки зрения формирования тарифа. с. 4. http://www.moluch.ru/archive/43/5218/

28

wT) ganmavlobaSi ufasod imgzavros metroTi an/da avtobusiT.

fassdaklebis aRniSnuli sistema aprobirebulia evropis bevr qvey-

anaSi da mniSvnelovania im mgzavrebisaTvis, vinc regularulad sarge-

blobs municipaluri transportiT.

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis monacemebi mgzavrobaTa raodeno-

bis Sesaxeb kategoriebis mixedviT warmodgenilia 1.9 cxrilSi:

cxrili 1.9

mgzavrobaTa raodenoba kategoriebis mixedviT28

mgzavrTa kategoria2011w. 2012w. 2013w. 2014w.

mln. % mln. % mln. % mln. %

standartuli (erTjeradi)

tarifiT (50 TeTri)48,8 33 56,93 35 73,82 37 76,95 35

fasdaklebis tarifiT:

50-30-2029 26,3 18 19,59 12 - - - -

90 wuTi ufaso30 - - 9,55 5 43,34 21 51,56 23

SeRavaTiani tarifiT,sul, m.S.: 69 47 73,12 45 80,66 40 87,52 40

studentebi, maswavleblebi,

pensionerebi (20 TeTri)32,1 47 36,02 24 37,63 19 41,55 47

socialurad daucveli pirebi

(10 TeTri)12,6 18 13,00 9 14,48 7 15,41 18

moswavleebi, samxedro veter-

anebi da sxva SeRavaTiani kate-

goriebi (0 TeTri)

24,3 35 24,10 15 28,55 14 30,56 35

sxva (korporaciuli) 3,3 2 4,46 3 4,49 2 4,40 2

147,1 100 163,68 100 203,14 100 220,43 100

cxrilis monacemebiT irkveva, rom 2011-2013 wlebSi izrdeboda stan-

dartuli tarifiT, da mcirdeba SeRavaTiani tarifiT mosargebelTa

ketegoria. magram, 2014 wels mdgomareoba Seicvala _ Semcirda stand-

artuli tarifiT, da gaizarda SeRavaTiani tarifiT mosargebelTa kete-

goria, gansakuTrebiT socialurad daucvelTa kategoria, rac Zalzed

dadebiTi movlenaa.

28 Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis wliuri angariSgebebi.

29 moqmedebda 2012 wlis 15 seqtembramde.

30 moqmedebda 2012 wlis 15 seqtembridan.

29

satransporto momsaxurebis xarisxis maCveneblebi

sabazro ekonomikisa da konkurenciis maRali donis pirobebSi sazo-

gadoebrivi transportis momsaxurebis xarisxs mniSvnelovani roli eni-

Weba. maSin, rodesac kerZo seqtori orientirebulia mogebaze, sazoga-

doebrivi transporti mowodebulia mosaxleobis satransporto momsax-

urebis uzrunvelyofaze.

satransporto momsaxurebis xarisxSi igulisxmeba satransporto mom-

saxurebis maxasiaTebelTa erToblioba, romelic aniWebs mas momxmare-

belTa moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis unars. gaweuli momsaxureba unda

akmayofilebdes satransporto momsaxurebisadmi dadgenil standartebs

da normebs.

satransporto momsaxurebis xarisxis Tavisebureba isaa, rom misi

ricxovnuli Sefaseba Zalian rTulia, xarisxis maCveneblebis umravle-

soba ver fasdeba raodenobrivad, magaliTad komfortis done, sainfor-

macio momsaxureba da sxva. meore Taviseburebaa _ momsaxurebis komple-

qturoba, anu moicavs momsaxurebis yvela Sesabamis aspeqts. momxmare-

beli irCevs im transports, romelic kompleqturad, integrirebulad

uzrunvelyofs mis moTxovnebs. amitom, satransporto momsaxurebis

xarisxi fasdeba kompleqturad/integrirebulad, yvela qvemomsaxurebis

gaTvaliswinebiT, saeqsperto Sefasebisa da mgzavrTa gamokiTxvis meTo-

diT. amdenad, satransporto momsaxurebis xarisxi aris satransporto

momsaxurebis ramdenime samomxmareblo Tvisebebis raodenobrivi daxas-

iaTeba, romelic qmnis mis xarisxs dadgenili normebisa da moTxovnebis

Sesabamisad.

transportis marketingis specialistebis31 mier transportis xarisx-

is maCveneblebi, mcireodeni gansxvavebis garda, ZiriTad jgufdeba te-

qnikur-ekonomikuri, komfortisa da ekologiurobis maxasiaTeblebis

mixedviT, xolo yoveli maTgani Sesabamisi qvemaxasiaTeblebis mixedviT

(ix.cxrili 1.10):

31 Большаков А. М. Повышение уровня обслуживания пассажиров автобусами на основе комплексной системы управления качеством: дис. канд. экон. наук. _ М., 1981. Варелопуло Г. А. Организация движения и перевозок на городском пассажирском транспорте. _ М.: Транспорт, 1990. Гудков В. А., Миротин Л. Б., Вельможин А. В., Ширяев С. А. Пассажирские автомобильные перевозки: учебник для вузов / Под ред. В. А. Гудкова. _ М.: Горячая линия _ Телеком, 2004.

30

cxrili 1.10

satransporto momsaxurebis xarisxis maCveneblebi da maTi maxasiaTeblebi

xarisxis maCvenebeli maxasiaTeblebi

teqnikur-ekono-

mikuri

maxasiaTeblebi

usafrTxoebatransportis teqnikuri saimedooba, gamarTulad

muSaoba

siCqare

mgzavrobis xangrZlivoba

moZraobis saSualo siCqare

gaCerebebis raodenoba

drouloba

gamgzavreba ganrigis mixedviT

misvla ganrigis mixedviT

moZraobis saSualo intervali, ritmuloba

ekonomiuroba

mgzavrobis Rirebuleba

mgzavrobis mTliani danaxarjebi

komfortuloba

servisuli

momsaxureba

avtobusis salonis faqtiuri tevadoba (1 m2)

wvdoma unarSezRudulebisaTvis

temperatura, haeris sisufTave, tenianoba, xmauris

done, vibracia, sanitaruli mdgomareoba

transportis lodinis pirobebi

sainformacio

momsaxureba

gzaSi yofnis dro

gamgzavrebis da misvlis dro

SeTavazebuli momsaxureba da misi Rirebuleba

ekologiurobagaremos

dabinZureba

mavne emisiis done [naxSiroJangis (CO2), azotis oqsidebi (NOx)]

evropuli standartiT32 (EN 13816) dadgenilia xarisxis 8 atribu-

ti: vargisianoba; misawvdomoba; informacia; dro; klientTa momsaxureba;

komforti; usafrTxoeba; garemoze zemoqmedeba.

transportis menejmentis praqtikaSi satransporto momsaxurebis

momxmareblebi xarisxs afaseben funqciur, socialur-ekonomikur da

saorganizacio-teqnikur aspeqtSi 6 ZiriTadi kategoriis mixedviT. am-

itom, mgzavrTa gadayvanis xarisxis donis Sesafaseblad specialistebis

mier SemuSavebulia sxvadasxva integrirebuli maCvenebeli, romelic

32 Measuring and Valuing Convenience and Service Quality. A review of global practices and challenges from the public transport sector. p. 10. http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/DiscussionPapers/DP201316.pdfThe methodology of data collection about public transport service quality. Irina Pticina. p.156. http://www.tsi.lv/sites/default/files/editor/science/Publikacii/RelStat_11/sess_3_pticina_ed.pdf

31

gaiTvleba Sesabamisi maTematikur-statistikuri meTodebiT. magaliT-

ad33, xarisxis erT-erTi integrirebuli maCvenebeli gaiangariSeba Semdegi

formuliT:

sadac:

S1 - gadaadgilebis saimedoobaa (mgzavroba zustad ganrigiT);

S2 - wvdoma (moZraobis sixSire);

S3 - transportis usafrTxoeba;

S4 - komfortuloba;

S5 - RirebulebiTi maCvenebeli (tarifi);

S6 - informaciuli servisis done.

maCveneblebi S1 - S6 gansazRvrulia mgzavrTa gamokiTxvis saanketo

monacemebis pasuxebis Sefasebis ranJirebiT. idealuri integrirebuli

maCvenebeli unda udrides 1-s.

an, aseTi formuliT34:

S = S1K1 * S2 *

K2 * S3K3 * S4

K4 * S5 K5 * S6

K6

К1- К6 donis maCveneblebia, romelic axasiaTebs Sesamabisi maCveneb-

lis wonadobas.

saerTo algoriTmi xarisxis raodenobrivi maCveneblisaTvis gamoix-

ateba Semdegi Tanamimdevruli moqmedebebis saxiT:

1. xarisxis mCveneblebis ierarqiuli struqturis ageba;

2. xrisxis maCveneblebis absoluturi mniSvnelobis gansazRvra;

3. maCvenebelTa wonadobis koeficientis gansazRvra;

4. xarisxis kompleqsuri raodenobrivi maCveneblis mniSvnelis

Sefaseba.

biznes-procesebis modelirebis IDEF0 programiT axdenen sazogadoe-

brivi transportis momsaxurebis xarisxis kvlevas mravali maCveneblis

safuZvelze, romelic mgzavrTa moTxovnebsa da sazogadoebrivi trans-

portis funqcionirebas Soris kavSiris dadgenisa da misi momsaxurebis

xarisxis Sefasebis saSualebas iZleva. aseve, xarisxis Sesafaseblad ga-

33 А.ТЮРИН . Применение методологии IDEF0 в сфере пассажирских автомобильных перевозок (в авторской редакции). http://ria-stk.ru/stq/adetail.php?ID=9307334 Шабанов А.В. Региональные логистические системы общественного транспорта: методология формирования и механизм управления. – Ростов н/Д: Изд – во СКНЦ ВЩ, 2001. – 205 с.

32

moiyeneba marketinguli kvlevis meTodi SERVQUAL (abbreviatura „ser-vice quality“ – „momsaxurebis xarisxi“), romelic iZleva saSualebas sa-

transporto momsaxurebis 6 kriteriumi Sefasdes 22 maCveneblis gaT-

valiswonebiT35.

mTlianobaSi satransporto momsaxurebis xarisxis integrirebu-

li maCvenebeli warmodgenilia rogorc „xarisxis borbali“36, romlis

Tanabar da mzard moZraobaze mravlad aris damokidebuli satranspor-

to momsaxurebis maRali donis kompleqturobis miRweva. xarisxi aris

„borblis“ danaxarjebis mamoZravebeli Zala.

satransporto momsaxurebis xarisxis zrda uzrunvelyofs sazoga-

foebrivi transportis ekonomikur mdgradobas.

ganvixiloT sazogadoebrivi transportis momsaxurebis xarisxis

calkeuli atributebi:

siCqare

transportis saCqares gansazRvravs mravali faqtori, aseTebia: qa-

laqis dagegmareba; quCebis keTilmowyoba; moZraobis intensiobis xas-

iaTi da misi regulireba; moZravi Semadgenlobis datvirTvis xarisxi;

gaCerebebis raodenoba; manZili gaCerebebs Soris; mZRolis kvalifikacia

da sxva. aqedan gamomdinare, transportis ganrigis dagegmvas safuZvlad

edeba moZraobis saSualo siCqare. ganasxvaveben teqnikur, dakavSirebis

da eqspluataciis siCqares.

teqnikuri siCqare aris marSrutiT moZraobis saSualo siCqare ga-

Cerebebze mocdenebis gauTvaliswineblad. moZraobis gaTvlaSi iTval-

iswineben moZraobis regulirebasTan dakavSirebul yvela patara gaCe-

rebas (magaliTad, gzajvaredinebze). dakavSirebis saCqare aris mgzavrTa

gadayvanis saSualo siCqare. am maCveneblis gaangariSebisas gaiTvalis-

wineba gaCerebebze mgzavrTa asvlisa da Camosvlis dro. saeqspluatacio

siCqare aris transportis moZraobis pirobiTi saSualo siCqare marSru-

tis Sesrulebis erTi brunvis dro.

qalaqebis ganviTareba da gafarToeba iwvevs satransporto nakadebis

gazrdas da saavtomobilo gzebis gamtarunarianobis Semcirebas. am

ukanasknelma ki, Seamcira moZraobis siCqare. moZraobis saSualo siCqare

35 Хизриева З. А. Управление повышением эффективности и качества услуг пассажирского автотранспорта в муниципальном хозяйстве. Автореферат диссертации. 2009. с.21-23.36 Управление качеством транспортного обслуживания. http://helpiks.org/1-46355.html

33

did qalaqebSi 16-19 km/sT-ia, xolo pikis saaTebSi Zalian xSirad Camodis

9-10 km/sT-mde37.

amavdroulad, mgzavrTa moTxovnaa gadayvanis siCqaris gazrda da

gaCerebebs Soris manZilis Semcireba, maSin rodesac es ori faqtori

erTmanedTan konfliqtSia. kerZod, avtosatransporto sawarmosaTvis

mizanSewonilia gaCerebebs Soris manZilis gazrda, vinaidan eqspluata-

ciis pirobebidan gamomdinare gaCerebebs Soris manZili icvleba did

zRvrebSi da mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens saSualo siCqaresa da aqedan

gamomdinare, sawvavis xarjsa da gadazidvebis efeqturobaze38.

statistikuri masalis damuSavebis Sedegad dadginda, rom

TbilisisaTvis ufro gavrcelebulia marSrutebi, romelTa sigrZe aris

7-8 km. da 600-700 m-is diapazonSi gaCerebebis raodenoba 3-jer naklebia

300-400 m-ian manZilis mqone gaCerebebTan SedarebiT. pirvel SemTxevaSi

saSualo siCqare 25-30 %-iT metia. amitom miCneulia, rom mizanSewonil-

ia gaCerebebs Soris manZilis gazrda, rac gazrdis moZraobis saSualo

siCqares da uzrunvelyofs sawvavis xarjis Semcirebas39. imavdroulad,

gaCerebebs Soris manZilis racionaluri dagegmva ar gamoiwvevs mgzavr-

Ta interesebis Selaxvas.

transportis moZraobis organizebam unda uzrunvelyos: regularul,

zustad droSi da usafrTxo moZraoba; mgzavrTa gadayvana mokle droSi;

transportis racionaluri gamoyeneba; momsaxurebis kultura da mgzav-

robis komforti; transportis finansuri maCveneblebis Sesruleba.

sazogadoebrivi transportis moZraobis ritmuloba damokidebu-

lia sagzao moZraobisa da satransporto nakadebis daZabulobaze. moZ-

raobis Seferxebis mizezebia: sxva transportis mier sazogadoebrivi

transportis zolis dakaveba, sacobebi, satransporto magistralebze

qaoturi parkireba.

satransporto momsaxurebis xarisxis erT-erTi maCvenebelia sag-

zao-satransporto SemTxvevebi. Tbilisis satransporto kompaniaSi es

maCvenebeli izrdeba. magram ara kompaniis mZRolebis mizeziT. piriqiT,

am maCvenebels aqvs Semcirebis tendencia (ix. cxrili 1.11):

37 i. goderZiSvili. saqarTvelos saavtomobilo transportSi ekonomikuri krizisi


2014. gv.71.

38 i. goderZiSvili. saqarTvelos saavtomobilo transportSi ekonomikuri krizisi


2014. gv.71.

39 n. navaZe, v. qarTveliSvili, T. gorSkovi, „samgzavro saavtomobilo gadayvanebi“.

Tbilisi, 2009, gv.47-321.

34

cxrili 1.11

usafrTxoeba da sagzao-satransporto SemTxvevebi

maCveneblebi 2011 w. 2012 w. 2013 w.

SemTxvevebis raodenoba 470 810 776

mesame piris braleuloba (%) 67 74 70

kompaniis mZRolebis braleulobiT (%) 33 26 30

sainformacio momsaxureba

Tbilisis satransporto kompania40 mgzavrTa momsaxurebis xarisxis

amaRlebis mizniT Tbilisis mosaxleobasa da mis stumrebs sTavazobs

axal veb gverds qarTul da inglisur enebze, romlis saSualebiT momx-

marebels SeuZlia:

_ winaswar dagegmos mgzavrobis marSruti _ mgzavrobis dagegmvis

meniuSi momxmarebels Sehyavs mgzavrobis sawyisi da saboloo punqtebi,

programa gegmavs marSruts, Tu romeli nomeri avtobusiT an metroTi

unda isargeblos mgzavrma daniSnulebis adgilas swrafad misasvlelad;

_ grafikebi da marSrutebis meniuSi aris sruli informacia yvela

marSrutis Sesaxeb (gaCerebebi, intervalebi), aseve konkretul gaCerebeb-

ze avtobusis mosvlis detaluri grafiki;

_ avtobusi realur droSi _ mgzavrebs SesaZlebloba aqvT saxlidan

gasvlamde naxon Tu sad mdebareobs maTTvis sasurveli avtobusi real-

ur droSi, aseve maT gaCerebaze ra nomeri avtobusebi movlen uaxloes

periodSi. aRniSnuli servisi momxmarebels SesaZleblobas aZlevs zus-

tad mivides gaCerebaze da ar mouwios zedmeti lodini;

_ samarSruto sqemis ruqa aris maRali xarisxis veqtoruli ruqa, sa-

dac ganTavsebulia Tbilisis avtobusebis yvela marSruti da ZiriTadi

quCebi, romlebsac gaivlian aRniSnuli marSrutebi;

_ onlain daxmareba _ Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis cxel xazs

daemata kidev axali funqcia, rac mgzavrebs SesaZleblobas aZlevs

veb-gverdidan martivi Cetis saSualebiT daukavSirdnen operatorebs

da droulad miiRon maTTvis sasurveli informacia; aseve, axal veb-

gverdze SesaZlebelia Tbilisis metropolitenis sadgurebSi ganTavse-

buli kamerebis onlain Cveneba (metro Live-Si), jarimebis onlain gadaxda,

veb-gverdze ganTavsdeba Tu ramdeni mgzavris gadayvana moxda yovel dRe

Tbilisis metros, avtobusebisa da sabagiro gzis saSualebiT (statistika);

_ dainteresebul pirebs SeuZliaT naxon Tbilisis transportis isto-

40 axali veb-gverdi. http://ttc.com.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=35&info_id=315

35

ria, aseve informacia kompaniis Sesaxeb, moqmedi tarifebi, SeRavaTebiT mo-

sargeble pirTa kategoriebi, aqtualuri informacia, vakansiebi, sawarmos

wliuri Sesyidvebis gegma, mimdinare tenderebi, wliuri Sedegebi da sxva.

axali veb-gverdis saSualebiT mgzavrebs mniSvnelovnad daezogebaT

dro, eqnebaT sruli informacia Tbilisis municipaluri transportis

muSaobis, samarSruto sqemebisa da grafikebis Sesaxeb. damatebiTi in-

formaciisTvis SesaZlebelia dakavSireba kompaniis cxel xazTan an on-

lain-daxmarebiT sargebloba.

sabileTo sistema

avtobusebze moqmedebs eleqtronuli sabileTo sistema.

avtobusis gaCerebebze ganTavsebulia sainformacio dafebi avto-

busebis marSrutebisa da grafikebis Sesaxeb.

mgzavrTa monitoringis samsaxuris ganviTareba:

• Tanamedrove portatuli kompiuterebiTa da printerebiT kon-

troliorebis aRWurva;

• Sesabamisi programuli uzrunvelyofa;

• uniformis axali dizainis Seqmna, romelic srulad Seesabameba

maTi muSaobis stilsa da specifikas;

• avtomobilis SeZena, romlis saSualebiTac ganxorcield-

eba yoveldRiuri patrulireba, rogorc kontroliorebis

Semowmebis, aseve konfliqturi situaciebis prevenciis mizniT;

• kontroliorebis mudmivi treningi.

eleqtro tabloebi avtobusis gaCerebebze41

2012 wels dasrulda avtobusis gaCerebebze Tanamedrove standar-

tebis eleqtro tabloebis damontaJeba, romlis saSualebiTac mosax-

leobas SesaZlebloba aqvs zustad gansazRvros sasurveli marSrutis

mosvlis dro da droulad gadaadgildes. sul q. TbilisSi dayenebulia

845 tablo ZiriTad gaCerebebze. tabloebis saSualebiT avtobusis mosv-

lis dro gamoiTvleba onlain reJimSi, imis mixedviT, Tu sad imyofeba

avtobusi. avtobusis adgilmdebareobis gansazRvra xdeba GPS sistemis

meSveobiT, romelic GPRS-iT yovelwamierad gadaecema centralur serv-

41 Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis 2012 wlis wliuri angariSgeba.

36

ers da tablos. aseve, xdeba avtobusis siCqaris gansazRvra. Sesabamisad

yvela monacemi (avtobusis adgilmdebareoba, gavlili manZili da siC-

qare) aris aqtualuri da dinamiurad mudmivad ganaxlebadi. aRniSnuli

sistema da algoriTmi gamoiyeneba msoflios yvela qveyanaSi avtobusis

mosvlis drois gamosaTvlelad da aRniSnul meTodze zusti meTodi am

etapisaTvis ar arsebobs.

kamerebis damontaJeba metros sadgurebSi42

Sps „Tbilisis satransporto kompaniaSi“ mudmivad mimdinareobs

muSaoba mgzavrTa usafrTxoebis amaRlebis kuTxiT. 2012 wels Tbilisis

metropolitenis sadgurebi aRiWurva Tanamedrove standartebis vid-

eoTvalTvalis sistemiT. proeqtis farglebSi damontaJda 550 erTeuli

maRali xarisxis cifruli saTvalTvalo video-kamera, gafarTovda ma-

gistraluri optikuri qselis gamtarunarianoba, romlis saSualebiTac

xdeba didi videonakadebis gadmocema ganaxlebul monacemTa centrSi.

sistema yvela doneze uzrunvelyofilia uwyveti kvebis wyaroe-

biT. videonakadebi iwereba rogorc monacemTa centrSi, agreTve sad-

gurebSi ganlagebul sarezervo qselur videoCamwerebSi. monacemTa

centrSi videonakadebis Cawera xdeba am dargSi cnobili kompaniis Milestone-s sistemaSi.

yvela sadgurSi, patrulis oTaxebSi damontaJebulia videoTvalTva-

lis terminalebi. sistemis saSualebiT mimdinareobs dakvirveba, rogorc

mgzavrebis usafrTxo gadaadgilebis, aseve momsaxure personalis mier

movaleobebis jerovnad Sesrulebis uzrunvelsayofad.

sainformacio maCveneblebi metropolitenis sadgurebSi da oren-

ovani gamocxadeba43

Tbilisis metros sadgurebSi damontaJda orenovani sainformacio

dafebi (laiT-boqsebi), romelic mgzavrebs swrafi orientaciis saSuale-

bas aZlevs. banerebze ganTavsebulia: Tbilisis metros sruli marSruti

(orive xazi); mimarTulebebi sasurvel sadguramde misasvlelad; detal-

uri informacia sadguris amosasvlelebis Sesaxeb _ quCa, RirSesaniSnavi

adgili, biznes da savaWro centrebi, avtobusis gaCerebebi da marSrute-

bi; metroSi gamocxadebis sistema gaxda orenovani (qarTuli da inglisu-



37

ri). aRniSnuli RonisZiebebi mniSvnelovnad gauadvilebs qalaqis stum-

rebsa da gansakuTrebiT, ucxoel turistebs Tbilisis metropoliteniT

mgzavrobas.

SMS servisi avtobusis mgzavrebisTvis

2012 wels dainerga SMS servisi, romelic mgzavrebs saSualebas

aZlevs gaigon marSrutis mosvlis faqtiuri dro nebismier gaCerebaze

(maT Soris sadac tablo ar aris damontaJebuli). servisi komfortulia

im kuTxiTac, rom gaCerebis nomris codnis SemTxvevaSi, mosvlis drois

gageba SeiZleba gaCerebaze misvlamdec, saxlidan gausvlelad.

Google

kompaniam 2013 wels daasrula Tbilisis metropolitenis da avto-

busebis marSrutebis, gaCerebebis da ganrigebis informaciis integra-

cia Google-is sistemaSi (Google Transit). ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi,

Google-is mier aRniSnuli servisi imyofeboda testirebis reJimSi, rac

ganpirobebuli iyo Google-is sakmaod mkacri da maRali standartebis

mqone politikiT. Google-transit aris Google Map-is proeqtis nawili

da misi saSualebiT momxmarebels SeuZlia Tavisi mgzavrobis dageg-

mva sazogadoebrivi transportiT. am proeqtSi CarTulia msoflios

yvela ganviTarebuli qalaqi, 2014 wlidan Tbilisi am qalaqTa sias

SeuerTda.

mobiluri aplikacia Android-is platformaze momuSave smart-

fonebisaTvis

mgzavrTa momsaxurebis gaumjobesebis mizniT, axali da ukve arsebu-

li servisebis ganviTarebis proeqtis farglebSi, 2013 wels dasrulda

Android-is platformaze momuSave smartfonebisTvis satransporto ap-

likaciis google ganTavseba play store-Si. aRniSnuli aplikacia momxmareb-

els saSualebas aZlevs mobiluri telefonidan gamoiyenos yvela is ser-

visi, romelsac kompania sTavazobs sakuTar mgzavrebs, kerZod:

• mgzavrobis dagegmva;

• avtobusis naxva realur droSi;

38

• avtobusis gaCerebebze mosvlis dro;

• moZraobis grafikebi gaCerebebis mixedviT;

• samarSruto sqemebi;

• favoritebis marTva.

aRniSnuli servisi momxmarebels SesaZleblobas aZlevs ufro mar-

tivad da swrafad dagegmos sakuTari mgzavroba, aseve, miiRos amomwura-

vi informacia calkeuli marSrutebis, avtobusebis da maTi ganrigebis

Sesaxeb.

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTaTvis xelmisawvdomi

garemos Seqmna

2012 wels ganxorcielda ramodenime proeqti, romelic SezRuduli

SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTaTvis municipaluri transportis adaptire-

basTan iyo dakavSirebuli:

• 40 avtobusis adaptireba SezRuduli gadaadgilebis mqone pir-

TaTvis _ proeqtis farglebSi aRdga specialuri konstruqcia,

romelic SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebs gauadvilebs

avtobusSi asvlas;

• metros sadgurebSi eskalatorTan gakeTda specialuri yviTeli

niSnulebi, romlebic mxedvelobadaqveiTebul adamianebs gauad-

vilebT droulad SeamCnion safexurebis dasawyisi da dasasruli.

eleqtronuli sajarimo qviTrebi da monitoringis samsaxuris re-

brendingi

sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis Sedegad, kompaniis mgzavrTa moni-

toringis samsaxuris kontroliorebs mieniWaT avtobusiT ubileTo mg-

zavrebze eleqtronuli sajarimo qviTris gamoweris uflebamosileba.

eleqtronul sajarimo qviTarze gadasvla mravaletapiani procesia,

saidanac pirveli etapi dasrulda: Sesyiduli iqna Tanamedrove portat-

uli kompiuterebi da printerebi, ganxorcielda Sesabamisi programuli

uzrunvelyofa.

Semdeg etapze ganxorcieldeba kontroliorebis saxecvlileba, ro-

gorc vizualuri, aseve muSaobis organizebis kuTxiT, rac Tavis mxriv

moicavs: kontroliorebis gadarCevas da treinings, maTTvis axali uni-

formis da satransporto saSualebebis Sesyidvas, maTi muSaobis stilis

39

da specifikis cvlilebas, ramac maT mimarT mgzavrebis ndobis amaRleba

unda gamoiwvios.

zemoaRniSnuli samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg, eleqtronuli sa-

jarimo qviTris gamoweris, aRricxva-angariSgebisa da saaRsrulebo bi-

urosTan urTierTobis procesi iqneba srulad avtomatizirebuli.

ekologia _ trasnportis seqtoris emisiebis Semcireba da ener-

goefeqturoba

evropis mdgradi ganviTarebis strategiis erT-erTi mimarTulebaa

satransporto politika. qalaqebis swrafi urbanizacia, cxovrebis do-

nis, mosaxleobis avtomobilizaciisa da sawvavis moxmarebis zrda iwvevs

bunebis dabinZurebas, rac auaresebs cxovrebis xarisxs. cxovrebis

xarisxis evropuli cneba, garda ekonomikuri maxasiaTeblebisa, moicavs

aseve, komfortul da usafrTxo socialur garemos.

evrokavSiris politikiT mdgradi ganviTareba niSnavs ekonomiku-

ri winsvlis, socialuri samarTlianobisa da bunebrivi garemos dacvis

urTierT dabalansebas. qveynis ekonomikis zrda, cxovrebis donis ama-

Rleba ar unda iwvevdes socialur ukusvlas da garemos ganadgurebas.

piriqiT, ekonomikis zrdam xeli unda Seuwyos socialur winsvlas da

ekologiis dacvas, unda iyos daculi balansi sazogadoebis ekonomikur,

socialur da ekologiur moTxovnaTa Soris.

gasuli saukunis 50-iani wlebis dasawyisidan energomoxmareba sa-

tranporto saSualebebis mier msoflioSi gaizarda 5-jer. evrokavSiris

qveynebis transportis wilad modis msoflio energomoxmarebis 30%

da gamonabolqvi mavne airebis daaxloebiT 19%44. aRsaniSnavia, rom sa-

transporto seqtoris mavne airebis emisia ufro mniSvnelovnad izrdeba,

vidre ekonomikis sxva seqtorebis. kerZod, yvela transportis emisiidan

74-80% modis avtotransportze. avtomanqanebis gamoyenebis saSualo

vadis gaTvaliswinebiT naklebad aris mosalodneli, rom 2040 wlisaTvis

axali tipis satransporto saSualebebi da sufTa sawvavi raimes arseb-

iTad Secvlis. amitom, sazogadoebrivi transportis saerTaSoriso aso-

ciacias (UITP) miaCnia, rom garemosdacviT politikaSi sazogadoebrivi

transportisaTvis prioritetis miniWeba ufro efeqturia, vidre sufTa

teqnologiebis Zieba45.

44 Public transport: the smart green solution! Doubling market share worldwide by 2025. p.5. http://growpublictransport.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/PTx2_brochure.pdf45 Public transport: the smart green solution! Doubling market share worldwide by 2025. p.4. http://

40

sazogadoebriv transportze masiuri da mdgradi mobilurobis sqeme-

bze gadasvla exmareba ekonomikas sawvavis dazogvaSi. saSualod sazoga-

doebrivi transporti gadazidvebis erT mgzavr-kilometrze moixmars

3,4-jer nakleb energias, vidre piradi avtotransporti. es fardoba

izrdeba pikis saaTebSi. im qalaqebSi, sadac qalaqis mobilobis saerTo

moculobaSi upiratesi adgili ukavia gadaadgilebas sazogadoebrivi

transportiT, velosipedebiT an fexiT siaruls, yovel mosaxleze weli-

wadSi modis 500-dan 600 litramde sawvavis ekonomia, anu 15 savse avzi46.

USAID proeqtis _ „gamowvevebi qalaqebis energetikis mdgradi ganvi-Tarebis samoqmedo gegmis momzadebisa da monitorngisTvis saWiro monace-

mTa Segrovebis procesSi“, monacemebiT TbilisSi 2013 wels 1,000 mosax-

leze modioda 250 satransporto saSualeba47.

problemis gadawyvetis gzebs evropa xedavs sazogadoebrivi trans-

portis xelSewyobaSi da transportis saxeobaTa diversifikaciaSi. aR-

niSnuli miznis miRwevas evrokavSiri Semdegi amocanebis ganxorcielebiT

cdilobs48:

• sxvadasxva saxis transportis fasebSi maTi sazogadoebrivi xar-

jebis asaxva;

• sainvesticio prioritetis miniWeba sazogadoebrivi transpor-

tisTvis.

transportis fasebSi maTi sazogadoebrivi xarjebis asaxva xdeba

msoflioSi farTod gamoyenebuli principiT _ „dambinZurebeli ixdis“.

am principis Sinaarsia produqciis fasSi dabinZurebuli garemos aRdge-

na/remediaciis xarjebis asaxva. erTis mxriv, xdeba mewarmis daintereseba

garemos naklebad damabinZurebeli teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT da meo-

res mxriv, momxmareblis daintereseba ekologiisaTvis naklebad sazia-

growpublictransport.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/PTx2_brochure.pdf46 Public transport: the smart green solution! Doubling market share worldwide by 2025. p.4. http://growpublictransport.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/PTx2_brochure.pdf47 http://www.remissia.ge/images/home48 mdgradi ganviTareba da saqarTvelos reformebi. lia Todua, SoTa murRulia.

saqarTvelos strategiuli kvlevebis da ganviTarebis centri. kvleva mxardaWerilia

forndis „Ria sazogadoeba saqarTvelo“ mier. http://weg.ge/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/lia_shota_geo.pdf;USAID. qalaqebis energetikis mdgradi ganviTarebis samoqmedo gegmebis

ganxorcielebisa da saTburis gazebis Semcirebis monitoringi da angariSgeba (MR).

marina SvangiraZe. mdgradi ganviTarebis centri remisia. 17-19 seqtemberi 2014. http://www.remissia.ge/images/home-page/SEAP;http://www.remissia.ge/images/home

41

no produqciiT. Sedegad, sazogadoebrivi transportis saxeobebs Soris

tarifebi diferencirdeba mgzavrobis gansxvavebuli RirebulebiT.

bunebis dacvas xels uwyobs evropis mdgardi ganviTarebis

strategiis e.w. „mwvane produqciis“ Sesyidvebis xelSewyobis politika.

„mwvane produqcia“ aris ekologiurad sufTa produqcia. saxelmwifo

Sesyidvebis dros gaiTvaliswineba am produqciis ekologiuri aspeqtebi

da mas eniWeba upiratesoba.

Tbilisis meriam aiRo qalaqSi mavne gafrqvevebis Semcirebis val-

debuleba. am programis farglebSi momzadda energetikis mdgradi ganvi-Tarebis samoqmedo gegma (SEAP), romlis erTerT mniSvnelovan komponents

transportis seqtorSi gafrqvevebis Semcireba warmoadgens. satrans-

porto sistemaSi inergeba energodamzogavi da emisiebis Semcirebadi sa-

transporto saSualebebi, romelTa teqnikuri parametrebi daakmayof-

lebs saerTaSoriso standartebs.

specialistebis mier gaangariSebulia49, rom energoefeqturoba da

emisiebis Semcireba SesaZlebelia:

• arsebuli transportis CanacvlebiT sufTa/energoefeqturi transportiT _ arsebuli satransporto saSualebebi Canacvldeba

naklebad damabinZurebeli transportis saxeobebiT, rogoricaa

eleqtroavtobusi, tramvai;

• eleqtrotransportis infrastruqturis gafarToebiT _ daten-

vis wertilebis raodenobis gazrdiT;

• inteleqtualuri teqnologiebis danergviT _ cvladi siCqareebis

gzebis raodenobis gazrdiT;

• transportis infrastruqturis qselis gafarToebiT _ gzebis sigrZis gazrdiT, velosipedebiT da fexiT mosiaruleTa bilike-

bis SeqmniT.

Tbilisis satransporto kompania apirebs bunebriv airze momuSave

atobusebis SeZenas, romelic mizanSewonilia ekologiis TvalsazrisiT. bunebriv airze momuSave avtobusebs Cveulebriv dizelis avtobusebTan SedarebiT saSualod aqvs 53%-iT naklebi azotis oqsidebisa (NOx) da 89%-

iT dabali naxSirJangis (CO) gamonabolqvi. bunebrivi airis avtobusebis muSaobis yovelwliuri sargebeli Sedegad mogvcems haeris mniSvnelovan gaumjobesebas50.

49 USAID. qalaqebis energetikis mdgradi ganviTarebis samoqmedo gegmebis

ganxorcielebisa da saTburis gazebis Semcirebis monitoringi da angariSgeba (MR).

marina SvangiraZe. mdgradi ganviTarebis centri remisia. 17-19 seqtemberi 2014. http://www.remissia.ge/images/home-page/SEAP.50 www.batauto.ge/prezentacia/gegmebi-2014.pptx

42

1.3. Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis infrastruqtura, misi

socialur-ekonomikuri mniSvneloba

Cveni kvlevis erT-erT mizans warmoadgens Tbilisis satransporto

kompaniis ganviTarebis problemebis Seswavla da misi finansuri mdgra-

dobisa da mdgomareobis Sefaseba, radga am ukanasknelze mniSvnelovnad

aris damokidebuli satransporto momsaxurebis pirobebis Sesaqmnelad

Tanamedrove meTodebiT am momsaxurebis gaumjobeseba.

saqalaqo sazogadoebrivi transporti (sst) funqcionirebis sakiTxi

arsebiTad dakavSirebulia mis socialur analizTan qalaqis sivrceSi.

funqcionirebs ra rogorc socialuri instituti, sst mowodebulia uz-

runvelyos sazogadoebis moTxovnileba iafi, moxerxebuli da ekolo-

giuri mobilurobiT. is warmoadgens qalaqis ganviTarebis aucilebel

elements da misi momsaxurebis, arsebobisa da cxovrebis donis uzrunve-

lyofis socialur resurss.

saqalaqo samgzavro transports gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWe-

ba rogorc, erovnuli meurneobis ganviTarebis, aseve mosaxleobis usa-

frTxo da swrafi gadaadgilebis TvalsazrisiT. gadaadgilebaze drois

danaxarjis Sermcireba saSualebas aZlevs mas, dazogili dro gamoiyenos

rogorc piradi, ise qveynis interesebis sasargeblod.

samgzavro gadayvanebi sruldeba samgzavro transportis yvela sax-

eobiT, ZiriTadad avtobusebiT da samarSuto taqsebiT. teqnologiuri

Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, samgzavro gadayvanebi iyofa: municipa-

lur (saxelmwifo), komerciul da teqnologiur gadayvanebad. aqedan,

municipaluri samgzavro gadayvanebi sruldeba municipalur SekveTebis

mixedviT. aseTi tipis sawarmo miekuTvneba municipalur (saxelmwifo)

kuTvnilebaSi arsebul satransporto organizacias, romelic axor-

cielebs saavtomobilo transportis moZravi Sedgenilobis eqsplu-

atacias. sst-s safuZvels qmnis municipaluri seqtori. igi gadayvanebs

axorcielebs adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobis organoebis mier organi-

zebul marSutebze. ramdenadac orientirebul tarifebs municipalur

marSutebze aweseben adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobis organoebi, aseTi

gadayvanebi mTlianad an nawilobriv finansirdeba adgilobrivi biu-

jetidan municipaluri SekveTis Sesrulebis gaangariSebis wesiT. sst-s

komerciul seqtorSi gadayvanis organizacias damoukideblad asruleben

gadamyvanebi. isini avseben municipalur gadayvanebs da funqcionirebs im

mizniT, rom gadamyvanma, mgzavrebTan SeTanxmebis pirobebis Sesabamisad,

miiRos garkveuli sargebloba. teqnologiuri samgzavro gadayvanebi ki

43

xorcieldeba organizaciebis an mewarmeTa mier, romlis drosac mgzavrs

sargebloba uxdeba sxva saxis transportiTac.

samgzavro gadayvanebi saerTo sargeblobis saqalaqo transportiT

sruldeba profesiul an komerciul safuZvelze. komerciuli organi-

zaciebis mier ganxorcielebuli samgzavro gadaadgileba CaiTvleba saer-

To sargeblobis transportiT Sesrulebul gadayvanad, Tu is kanonis,

an sxva samarTlebrivi aqtis Sesabamisad am organizaciis licenziidan

gamondinareobs da mas avaldebulebs, rom nesbismieri moqalaqis an iu-

ridiuli piris mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi ganaxorcielos samgzavro gadayva-

na da bargis gadatana. gadayvanis xelSekruleba aris sajaro. gadamyvans

ara aqvs ufleba gadayvanaze uari uTxras pirs, romelmac mas mimarTa

amis Sesaxeb.

amJamad, arsebobs transportis saxeobebi: saxmeleTo, metropolote-

ni, wylis, sahaero, milsadeni da sabagiro transporti. yvelaze ufro

masobriv samgzavro gadayvanebs asrulebs saqalaqo samgzavro trans-

porti, romelic iyofa samarSuto (avtobusebi, troleibusebi, tram-

vai, metropoloteni, eleqtromatarebeli, sabagiro gza, funikulioris

tramvai) da arasamarSuto (moqalaqeTa msubuqi avtomobilebi, taqsebi da

samosamsaxurod SekveTili da samosamsaxuro avtobusebi, motociklebi,

arameqanikuri satransporto saSualebebi).

sst-T ganxorcielebul gadayvanaTa saerTo moculobaSi Warboben

avtobusebiT Sesrulebuli samarSuto gadazidvebi.

sst-T mgzavrTa gadayvanebi lokalizebulia qalaqis sazRvrebSi.

praqtikulad yvela patara qalaqsa da qalaqis tipis dasaxelebul pun-

qtSi saavtomobilo marSutebi erTdroulad gadian Sesabamisi dasaxele-

buli punqtis teritoriaze da emsaxurebian sagareubno zonas. zogierT

SemTxvevaSi tramvais da troleibusis marSutebic grZeldeba qalaqis

farglebs gareT. amitom termini „saqalaqo“ aerTianebs or mniSvnelobas

_ Sida saqalaqo da sagareubno.

saqarTvelos teritoriaze, dedaqalaqSi, metro rogorc zemoT

aRvniSneT, arsebobs 1966 wlidan. es aris qveynis moxerxebuli satrans-

porto kompleqsi, romlis saSualebiTac, sxva transportTan SedarebiT,

maqsimaluri siCqariT aris SesaZlebeli moxvedra daSorebul raionebSi.

sst-s ganviTarebis axali etapis arsia teqnikis umaRles doneze ayva-

na, sst-s tradiciuli saxeebis _ tramvais, troleibusis, avtobusebis,

metropolitenis da Semadgenlobis konstruqciis ganviTareba.

sst-s sociluri rolis, struqturis, funqciis da normis Sesaxeb

arsebobs mravali gadauwyvetili sakiTxi, gaxsnili ar aris misi zemoq-

medeba sxva socialur institutTan, damuSavebuli ar aris misi efeqtu-

44

ri muSaobis socialuri kriteriumebi, praqtikulad ar aris Seswavlili

transportis daniSnulebis socialuri garemos aspqeqtebi.

amgvarad, yvelaze ufro masobriv samgzavro gadayvanebs asrulebs

sst. misi socialuri rolis da funqciis Sesaxeb mravali sakiTxi gadau-

wyvetelia. saWiroa sst-s efeqturi muSaobis socialuri kriteriumebis

Seswavla da sst tradiciuli saxeobebis ganviTareba.

mgzavrTa gadayvanis sakiTxebis aqtualoba ganpiroebebulia imiT,

rom dRes dgas satransporto operaciebis optimizaciis sakiTxebi. aR-

saniSnavia transportis, rogorc ekonomikis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi

dargis roli, romelic ara marto uzrunvelyofs meurneobis da mo-

saxleobis moTxovnilebebs gadazidvebSi, aramed, rogorc Sromis teri-

toriuli ganawilebis formirebisa da ganviTarebis materialur-teqni-

kuri baza, warmoadgens infrastruqturis umsxviles Semadgenel nawils

da gavlenas axdens calkeuli regionebis da mTlianad qveynis social-

ur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis dinamiurobasa da efeqtianobaze.

imdenad, ramdenadac sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi satranspor-

to momsaxureobisas momxmareblis moTxovnaa momsaxurebis drouli da

xarisxiani miwodeba, mocemuli moTxovnis Sesrulebis erT-erTi winap-

irobaa lojistikis, anu mmarTveli algoriTmis gamoyeneba, romelic sx-

vadsxva saxis ekonomikur-maTematikuri meTodebis daxmarebiT, satrans-

porto procesis calkeuli elementebis muSaobis optimizaciis da am

elementebis erTian sistemaSi gaerTianebis saSualebas iZleva.

mgzavrTa gabileTianebis gaumjobeseba

avtobusiT mgzavrobis safasuris amoRebis mdgomareobis gaumjobese-

bis mxriv mniSvnelovani iyo 2012 weli.

avtobusebSi ubileTo mgzavrebis Semcirebis mizniT, gabileTianebis

TvalsazrisiT SedarebiT problemuri marSutebis avtobusebze mTe-

li cvlis ganmavlobaSi, mudmivad iqna mimagrebuli kontroliorebis

garkveuli raodenoba, aRniSnulma, sagrZnoblad gazarda mgzavrTa ga-

bileTianebis maCvenebeli da Sesabamisad Semosavlebi.

2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi etapobrivad izrdeboda aRniSnuli mimar-

TulebiT momuSave kontroliorebis raodenoba da wlis bolosaTvis

daitvirTa 113 avtobusi. cvliani samuSao grafikis gaTvaliswinebiT,

StatSi damatebiT iqna 226 kontroliori.

45

saavtobuso infrasruqturis ganviTareba

amJamad, kompanias 3 saavtobuso parki gaaCnia, sadac xdeba avtobuse-

bis mimdinare remontis Catareba. gamomdinare iqidan, rom saavtobuso

parki moZvelebulia, yovelwliurad sul ufro meti avtobusi saWiroebs

kapitalur SekeTebas, rasac kompania axorcielebs sakuTari servis-cen-

trebis meSveobiT. aRniSnuli servis-centrebi momatebul remontTan

mimarTebiT ver pasuxobs Sesabamis moTxovnebs da saWiroa maTi modern-

izeba. am kuTxiT kompania gegmavs Tanamedrove serviscentris mowyobas,

sadac ganxorcieldeba avtobusebis sruli moculobis kapitaluri re-

monti da SesaZlebeli iqneba Tanamedrove tipis avtobusebis momsaxure-

ba.

2012 wels, gabileTianebis TvalszrisiT SedarebiT problemuri mar-

Sutebis avtobusebze kontroliorebis mimagrebam mTeli cvlis ganmav-

lobaSi dadebiTi Sedegi gamoiRo, rogorc finansuri, aseve _ mgzavro-

bis TviTSegnebis amaRlebis kuTxiT da siaxlis SemoRebidan ganvlil pe-

riodSi, gazrdili Semosavlebisa da danaxrjis Tanafardobam kompanias

misca meti ekonomikuri sargebeli.

kompania 2013 welsac gaagrZelebs am mTodis gaRrmavebas, risTvi-

sac igegmeba kontroliorebis arsebuli ricxovnebis gazrda 310 saS-

tato erTeuliT, romelTa faqtiuri Sevseba moxdeba kontroliorebis

Tanamdebobaze dasaniSn kandidatTa SerCevis procesis Sesabamisad da

mimdinare wlis bolomde 528 erTeuls miaRwevs.

paralelurad, gagrZelda sxvadsxva marSutebze eqsperimentuli da-

kvirvebis procesi, ris Sedegad gamovlinda marSutebi, romlebzec daba-

lia gabileTianeba da meti resursi gaaCniaT gayiduli bileTebis raode-

nobis matebis kuTxiT. miRebuli monacemebis gaanalezebiT gadawyda, Tu

romeli marSuti daitvirTeba kontroliorebiT da ra mimdevrobiT.

Sesabamisad, samarSuto xazebze moZravi avtobusebis nawili (264 av-

tobusi) etapobrivad daitvirTeba kontroliorebiT.

Tbilisi satransporto kompania erT-erTi umsxviles damsaqmeb-

els warmoadgens saqarTvelos masStabiT. 2012 wels sawarmoSi dasaqme-

bulTa raodenoba 280 erTeuliT gaizarda da dReisaTvis 5,000 aRwevs.

TanamSromelTa socialuri mdgomareoba da maTi pirobebis gaumjobese-

ba kompaniis erT-erT ZiriTad da prioritetul mimarTulebas war-

moadgens. kompaniis yvela TanamSromeli dazRveulia sawarmos xarjiT

da sargeblobs SeuzRudavi da ufaso mgzavrobis uflebiT rogorc

metropoloteniT, aseve avtobusebiT. metropolotenma dasaqmebule-

bi, romlebic muSaoben mZime da mavne pirobebeSi, kanonmdeblobiT gan-

46

sazRvruli Svebulebis garda, sargebloben damatebiTi (anazRaurebadi)

SvebulebiT da iReben yovelTviur fulad kompensacias saxelfaso da-

namatis saxiT. 2014 wels mxolod zemoaRniSnuli socialuri proeqtebis

ganxorcielebiT, kompaniis TanamSromlebma damatebiT miiRes 1,3 mln

laris rogorc fuladi, aseve arafuladi saxis sargebeli. amis garda

2014 wlis ganmavlobaSi orjer ganxorcielda TanamSromelTaTvis xe-

lfasebis mateba. ivlisis TveSi 6,5 mln lariT moimata dasaqmebulTa

Sromis anazRaurebis wliurma fondma, xolo saSualo xelfasi gaizarda

16%-iT, 2014 wlis dekemberSi miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba da 2015 wlis

1 ianvridan saxelfaso fondis 9,8 mln lariT zrdis Sesaxeb, ramac kom-

panias saSualeba misca diferencirebulad gaezarda dasaqmebulTa xel-

fasi saSualod 20%-iT.

nebismier mravalricxovan da mravalprofilur organizaciaSi

TanamSromelTa denadoba mudmivi procesia, dRis wesrigSi permanentu-

lad dgas wasuli kadrebis axliT Secvlis amocana. kompaniis amocanaa

SeinarCunos kvalificiuri TanamSromlebi, izrunos maT swavlebasa da

profesiul zrdaze, moizidos axali adamianuri resursebi, romlebic

axal energiasa da biZgs miscemen kompaniis ganviTarebas.

1.4. qalaqis samgzavro transportis dafinansebis wyaroebi

satransporto kompleqsis ganviTarebis programis sarealizacio

RonisZiebebis dafinansebis wyaroebis saWiroebis dasabuTebisas mizanSe-

wonilia ganvixiloT ori varianti (minimaluri da maqsimaluri danaxarjeb-

iT). varianti minimaluri finansuri danaxarjebiT transportis muSaobis

maCveneblebis garkveul dasaSveb sididemde Semcirebis SesaZleblobas

iZleva, magram realurad ar moaxdens arsebiT negatiur gavlenas qalaq-

isa da regionis ekonomikis ganviTarebaze. varianti maqsimaluri danaxar-

jebiT satransporto sistemis funqcionirebis efeqturobis sasurveli

maCveneblebis srulad miRwevis SesaZleblobas iZleva.

minimaluri finansuri danaxarjebis varianti saSualebas iZleva

SevamciroT transportis muSaobis maCveneblebi garkveul dasaSveb si-

didemde, magram es realurad ar iqoniebs arsebiT negatiur gavlenas qa-

laqisa da regionis ekonomikis ganviTarebaze. maqsimaluri danaxarjebis

varianti saSualebas iZleva srulad mivaRwioT satransporto sistemis

funqcirebis efeqturobis sasurvel maCveneblebs.

mniSvnelobis mixedviT satransporto kompleqsis ganviTarebis pro-

gramis sarealizacio RonisZiebebis dafinansebis wyaroebi SeiZleba iyos

47

ZiriTadi (subsidiebi, kreditebi, sesxebi da sxva) da damatebiTi (gaqirave-

ba, zedmeti aRWurvilobis gayidva da sxva). danaxarjebis finansuri wy-

aroebis dasabuTebisas mniSvnelovania maTi racionaluri struqturis

(centraluri, regionuli da adgilobrivi biujetebi, arasabiujeto

fondebi, kreditebi, sakuTari danazogebi, cal-calke adgilobrivi da

ucxouri wyaroebisaTvis) formirebis uzrunvelyofa. amasTan dgindeba

saxsrebis miRebis vadebi da odenobebi larebSi da ucxour valutaSi,

xolo moziduli saxsrebis mixedviT kreditisa da kreditoris saxeoba,

saprocento ganakveTi, vada, ra vadiTac krediti unda an SeiZleba gaices,

SeRavaTebi gadaxdebze, gadaxdis wesi, saxelmwifo garantiebi kreditze.

amJamad municipaluri transportis saqmianoba finansdeba Semdegi

wyaroebidan: moZravi Semadgenlobis salonSi mgzavrebis mier mgzavrobis

Rirebulebis gadaxdis Sedegad miRebuli Semosavlebi; korporatiuli

sargeblobis samgzavro bileTebis realizaciiT miRebuli Semosavlebi;

municipaluri satransporto sawarmoebis realizaciis miRma saqmianobiT

miRebuli Semosavlebi (saTavsoebis ijara, reklama da sxva); sabiujeto

dafinanseba (dotaciebi). Tumca es Semosavlebi karga xania ver faravs

qalaqis samgzavro transportis danaxarjebs, rac imis winapirobaa, rom

qalaqis samgzavro transporti bankebis, mimwodeblebisa da sagadasaxado

organoebis movale gaxdes. kompaniis finansur angariSgebis dinamikaSi

ganxilva aRniSnuli faqtis naTeli dadasturebaa (ix.diagrama 1.3).

diagrama 1.3

rogorc samgzavro transportis ganviTarebis analizi uCvenebs, fi-

nansuri saxsrebis deficitis umniSvnelovanesi mizezebi Semdegia:

48

1. im danaxarjebis arasakmarisi sabiujeto dafinanseba, romlebic

dakavSirebulia mgzavrebis mier mgzavrobis safasuris gadaxdaze

SeRavaTebis realizebasTan. qalaqis samgzavro transporti, magaliT-

ad, qalaq TbilisSi SeRavaTis mqone mgzavrebis 19 kategoriis gadayvanis

saxelmwifo funqciebs asrulebs. SeRavaTi exeba mxolod dedaqalaqSi

registrirebul pirebs. amasTan 19 ktegoriidan mgzavrobas srulad ufi-

nansebs 8 kategorias, xolo danarCen 11 kategorias arasrulad (ix.dia-

grama 1.4).

diagrama 1.4

2. mcdari satarifo politika. safinanso saxsrebis deficitis arse-

boba mniSvnelovnad Rrmavdeba mgzavrobis safasuris Semcirebuli do-

nis SenarCunebiT. tarifis Secvla satransporto momsaxurebis xarisxis

gaumjobesebis gaTvaliswinebiT da mosaxleobis realuri xelfasis dina-

mikasa da cxovrebis donesTan garkveul urTierTkavSirSi unda xdebodes.

Tumca mgzavrobis safasuris koreqtireba mgzavrebisTvis, romlebic

qalaqis samgzavro transportiT sargebloben, xSirad aradroulad da

araadekvaturad xorcieldeba. amasTan dakavSirebiT, saqarTvelos qa-

laqebSi SeiniSneba mniSvnelovani sxvadasxvaoba ara mxolod satarifo

ganakveTebSi, aramed qalaqis samgzavro transportiT mosargeble mosax-

leobis satransporto xarjebis xvedriT sidideSi da mosaxleobis fu-

ladi xarjebis erTobliv sidideSic.

municipaluri transportis finansur maCveneblebze gavlenas axdenen

inflaciis procesebi. mgzavrebis gadayvanis TviTRirebulebis mniS-

vnelovan Semadgenels warmoadgenen eleqtroenergia, navTobproduqtebi

49

da xelfasi. Tumca xSirad satarifo politika maT gavlenas saTanadod

ver afasebs, rac imis mniSvnelovani mizezi xdeba, rom satransporto

sawarmoebi finansuri resursebis ukmarisobas ganicdian. satranspor-

to momsaxurebis tarifis koreqtuli Secvla mosaxleobis kategoriebis

TaviseburebaTa, inflaciis procesebis mosalodneli dinamikisa da mo-

saxleobis fuladi Semosavlebis zrdis gaTvaliswinebiT qalaqis samg-

zavro transportis krizisuli mdgomareobidan gamosvlis da misi da-

finansebis saWiro odenobis wyaroebis formirebis aucilebel pirobas

warmoadgens.

3. mgzavrobis mosakreblebis dabali done. qalaqis samgzavro trans-

portis sakuTari Semosavlebis gazrdis rezervs mosakreblebidan miRe-

buli amonagebis zrda warmoadgens. saWiroa iseT mgzavrebTan dakavSire-

buli Semosavlebis „gadinebis“ gzebis Caketva, romlebic Tavs aride-

ben mgzavrobis safasuris gadaxdas. aq saubaria mgzavrobis safasuris

gadauxdelobis realurad Cadenil da ara navaraudev SemTxvevebze.

mgzavrobis safasuris gadauxdelobisTvis kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili

sajarimo sanqciebis done imdenad dabalia, rom aranair stimulirebas

ar axdens. ase, magaliTad, 2012 wels dajarimebul mgzavrTa raodeno-

bam Seadgina 744,360, xolo 2013 wels aRniSnuli maCvenebeli gazrdilia

24,59%-iT. aRniSnul wlebSi gamowerili jarima Tanxobrivad Sesabamisad

Seadgens 372,180 lars 2012 wels, xolo 493,535 lars 2013 wels. igive

periodSi gadayvanil mgzavrTa raodenobis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT,

jarimebidan miRebuli Semosavali standartul tarifze gadaangariSe-

biT 2012 wels Seadgens 372,180/0,5=744,360 mgzavri, rac igive period-

Si gadayvanil mgzavrTa 744,360/16,3650,000*100%=0,45%, xolo 2013 wels

493,505/0,5=987,070 mgzavri 987,070/203,140,000*100%=0,49%, situaciis an-

aliziT jarimebis raodenoba gacilebiT maRali unda iyos.

4. moZravi Semadgenlobis daZveleba. parkis moZravi Semadgenlobis

daZveleba iwvevs xarjebis zrdas teqnikur mzaobaze da sazogadoebrivi

transportis ganviTarebaze mimarTuli finansuri resursebis moculo-

bis Semcirebis mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgens. ase, magaliTad, 2014

wels q. Tbilisis municipaluri parkis teqnikuri mdgomareoba Semdegi

maCveneblebiT xasiaTdeboda: avtobusebis moZravi Sedgenilobis (683 er-

Teuli) cveTa Seadgens 74%-s, xolo metros moZravi Sedgenilobis (170

erTeuli) cveTa _ 34.89%;. parkis moZravi Sedgenilobis daZveleba iwvevs

saTadarigo nawilebze xarjebis swraf zrdas rogorc fuladi, aseve

naturaluri gamoxatulebiT. agreTve es iwvevs yvela sxva saxis xarjebis

zrdas, romlebic fizikurad da moralurad dakavSirebulia gacveTili

fondebis eqspluataciasTan.

50

5. municipaluri transportidan potenciuri Semosavlebis gadanacv-

leba kerZo seqtorSi. satransporto momsaxurebis bazarze kerZo gadamy-

vanebis gamoCena sabazro ekonomikis formirebis kanonzomieri movlenaa.

bolo wlebSi kerZo gadamyvanebis swrafi zrda momsaxurebis ufro

maRali xarisxiT (mgzavrobis ufro maRali komfortuloba, mcire teva-

dobis satransporto saSualebebis didi manevrireba da drois dazogva

swrafi gadaadgilebiT) aixsneba. amasTan dakavSirebiT mgzavrebi xSirad

irCeven satransporto momsaxurebis am saxes, mgzavrobis ufro maRali

Rirebulebisa da avariulobis safrTxis miuxedavad.

amasTan, kerZo transportis seqtoris formirebam amavdroulad ar-

sebiTad gaarTula sazogadoebrivi transportis finansuri mdgomareo-

ba, radgan mgzavrobis SeRavaTebi kerZo samarSruto taqsebze moqmedebs

mxolod umniSvnelo SeRavaTebiT. mikroavtobusebiT mgzavrebis gaday-

vanis momsaxurebis kerZo seqtorSi gadanacvlebis gamo, vfiqobT, arse-

biT gavlenas axdens municipaluri transportis finansuri resursebis

Semcirebaze. samwuxarod, qalaqis satransporto samsaxurs ar gaaCnia in-

formacia mikroavtobusebis mier gadayvanili mgzavrTa nakadis Sesaxeb,

ris gamoc Tanxobrivad Sedareba da analizis gakeTeba ver moxerxda.

Tanamedrove pirobebSi qalaqis samgzavro transportis Semdgomi mu-

Sobis uzrunvelsayofad did mniSvnelobas iZens normatiul-samarTle-

brivi bazis gaumjobeseba, qmediTi ekonomikuri stimulebis formireba

misi funqcionirebisTvis, agreTve sazogadoebrivi da kerZo transpor-

tisTvis erTnairi ekonomikuri pirobebis Seqmna. sakuTrebis sxvadasxva

formis ganviTareba satransporto momsaxurebis bazarze konkurenciis

zrdis, am momsaxurebis nomenklaturis gafarToebis da misi Rirebulebis

Semcirebis, satransporto kompleqsis ganviTarebis programebis real-

izaciisTvis kerZo kapitaldabandebebisa da investiciebis mozidvis mniS-

vnelovan faqtors warmoadgens.

6. samarSruto da satransporto qselis aradamakmayofilebeli mdgo-

mareoba. finansuri saxsrebis deficitis Semcirebis mniSvnelovan faqtors

samarSruto da satransporto qselis gaumjobeseba warmoadgens. aucilebe-

lia Catardes kvleva samarSruto avtobusebis optimizaciisTvis, romelic

mogvcems naTel suraTs imis Sesaxeb, rom unda gaizardos Tu Semcireds

samarSruto avtobusebis raodenoba marSrutebis trasirebis Sesabamisi

cvlilebiT. garda amisa, aucilebelia mTavari magistralebis madubli-

rebeli monakveTebis Seqmna. aRniSnuli RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba av-

ariulobisa da satransporto xarjebis Semcirebis SesaZleblobas iZle-

va da damatebiT Seqmnis mniSvnelovan socialur da ekologiur efeqts.

51

7. araefeqturi sagadasaxado da normatiul-samarTlebrivi regulire-

ba. qalaqis samgzavro transportis normaluri funqcionirebis erT-erT

gadamwyvet faqtors drouli da sakmarisi dafinanseba warmoadgens. yve-

la saxis masobrivi qalaqis samgzavro transportis (avtobusi, tramvai,

troleibusi, metropoliteni) wamgebianoba gardauvalia danaxarjebis

anazRaurebis moqmed sistemebSi. es aixsneba danaxarjebis saWiro donis,

sabiujeto finansirebis darCenil principsa da satransporto momsax-

urebis socialuri mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare mgzavrobis safasuris

zrdis kanonzomier SezRudvas Soris arsebuli garRveviT. amJamad ga-

dayvanebisgan miRebuli sakuTari SemosavlebiT dafaruli danaxarjebis

xvedriTi wona 2013-2014 wlebSi q. TbilisSi saeqspluatacio xarjebis

mTliani Tanxis 57% Seadgenda qalaqis marSrutiT mosiarule avtobuse-

bis mixedviT, 43% _ qalaqis metrosa da sabagiros mixedviT. igive peri-

odis mixedviT Semosavlebis ganawileba Semdegnairia avtobusebi _ 48%,

metropolitenisa da sabagiros momsaxurebidan miRebuli Semosavlebi

mTliani saoperacio Semosavlebis 52%. zarali unda anazRaurdes sa-

biujeto dotaciiT, magram dotaciis sidide biujetis SezRuduli

SesaZleblobiT ganisazRvreba da igi mxolod SeRavaTiani mgzavrobis

kompensaciis Tanxebs faravs.

efeqturad funqcionirebadi bazris pirobebSi mwarmoebels, rome-

lic resursebs iyenebs, aqvs danaxarjebi maTi sruli (alternatiuli)

Rirebulebis odenobiT. momxmarebeli iZulebulia mTlianad aanazRau-

ros es Rirebuleba, xolo Semosavali adekvaturad gamoxatavs mwarmoe-

blis wvlils ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi. Tumca realur ekonomikaSi xSi-

rad warmoiqmneba situaciebi, rodesac sabazro meqanizmebi ar moqmedebs

gare efeqtebis an eqsternaliebis (menejmenti, marketingi, vaWroba) gamo,

romlebic SeiZleba iyos dadebiTi an uaryofiTi. sawarmoebi, romel-

Ta saqmianoba negatiur gare efeqts (magaliTad, garemos dabinZureba)

warmoqmnis, mxolod sabazro regulatorebis gamoyenebisas danaxarjeb-

is nawils (magaliTd, garemos dabinZurebasTan dakavSirebuli danaxar-

jebis) sxvebze gadaitanen. qalaqis samgzavro transportis sawarmoebis

saqmianoba xels uwyobs qalaqis samgzavro transportisTvis pozitiu-

ri gare efeqtebis warmoqmnas, rac ZiriTadad meurne subieqtebis mier

damatebiTi Semosavalis miRebaSi gamoixateba. amasTan, es Semosavali mx-

olod imis wyalobiT warmoiqmneba, rom qalaqis samgzavro transportis

sawarmoebi Tavis Tavze iReben mis Seqmnaze danaxarjebis nawils.

qalaqis ekonomikis sxvadasxva sferos subieqtTa sawarmoebisa da or-

ganizaciebis adgilmdebareoba da zomebi, agreTve saqmiani aqtiurobis

52

done da Semosavlebi mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli sazogadoebrivi

transportis ganviTarebaze. garda imisa, rom qalaqis samgzavro trans-

porti xels uwyobs qalaqebSi saqmiani aqtiurobis koncentrirebas, is

agreTve aucilebelia mosaxleobis specifiuri da xarisxiani momsaxure-

bisTvis sakmaod did teritoriaze. msxvili da amitom ufro efeqturi

sawarmoebis, dawesebulebebis, savaWro centrebis, saswavlo dawesebule-

bebisa da mosaxleobis Tavmoyris sxva adgilebis arseboba moiTxovs didi

raodenobiT mgzavrebis gadayvanas mniSvnelovan manZilebze, rac uzrun-

velyofili unda iyos, magram xSirad SeuZlebeli xdeba individualuri

transportis gamoyenebiT. erTis mxriv imitom, rom manqana yvelas ar

yavs, xolo meores mxriv, gzebis SezRuduli gamtarunarianobis da av-

tosadgomebisTvis sakmarisi adgilebis ararsebobis gamo. maRaziebisa da

dawesebulebebis mflobelebi dainteresebulni arian vizitorebis ra-

odenobis gazrdaSi. izrdeba mSeneblobiT dasaqmebulTa Semosavlebic.

es aixsneba rogorc uSualod mSeneblobis gansxvavebuli fasebiT, aseve

didi saijaro gadasaxadiT SenobebiT da nagebobebiT sargeblobisTvis

ganviTarebuli sazogadoebrivi satransporto infrastruqturis mqone

raionebSi. damatebiTi Semosavali warmoeqmnebaT miwaTmflobelebsac,

romlebic sTavazoben teritoriebs sargeblobisTvis. qalaqis samgzavro

transportis axali xazis gayvana gavlenas moaxdens miwisa da nagebobebis

Rirebulebaze. aseve momgebiani iqneba sazogadoebrivi transportis ar-

seboba im jgufisTvis, romelsac miekuTvnebian motorizebuli satrans-

porto saSualebebis mflobelebi da velosipedistebi. isini moigeben

sagzao moZraobis intensiurobis, sagzao-satransporto SemTxvevebisgan

miyenebuli zaralis Semcirebis, agreTve gadaadgilebaze drois da sag-

zao mSeneblobaze xarjebis ekonomiiT.

amasTan dakavSirebiT bevr qveyanaSi, maT Soris dids britaneTSi,

safrangeTSi da germaniis federaciul respublikaSi, maRaziebisa da

sawarmoebis mflobelebi saerTo gadasaxadebis garda specialur sa-

transporto gadasaxadsac ixdian. magram diskusiis sagnad rCeba sakiTxi

specialuri satransporto gadasaxadis formirebis meqanizmis Sesaxeb.

saqme isaa, rom sxvadsxva sawarmoebsa da organizaciebs sxvadasxva adg-

ilmdebareoba ukaviaT da gansxvavebul damatebiT Semosavals Rebuloben

qalaqis samgzavro transportis ganviTarebiT. amitom eWvs iwvevs sawar-

moebisTvis erTiani gadasaxadis SemoReba, romlis sidides ar iTvalis-

winebs satransporto da gadasaxadiT dasabegri obieqtebis urTierTq-

medeba, da, garda amisa, es gadasaxadi ikargeba adgilobriv biujetSi

Semosul saerTo SemonatanebSi.

sabazro principebi da meTodebi unda dainergos iseTi formiT da

53

iq, sadac isini organulad Serwymuli iqneba Sesabamisi dargis specifi-

kasTan da ar Sedis masTan gadauWrel winaaRmdegobaSi. reformis Sedegad

mniSvnelovania Tanasworuflebianobis Seqmna urTierTobebSi gadamy-

vansa da satransporto momsaxurebiT mosargebles Soris da gacvlis

Tanasworsargeblianoba. Tanamedrove pirobebSi sargebels qalaqis samg-

zavro transportisgan Rebuloben ara mxolod gadayvanis pirdapiri

momxmareblebi. sazogadoebrivi transportis saerTaSoriso kavSiris mo-

nacemebiT sargebeli, romelic moaqvs sazogadoebriv transports ufro

maRalia, vidre misi deficitis dafinansebis danaxarjebi. rig qveyanaSi

(didi britaneTi, safrangeTi, germania, norvegia, iaponia da sxva) aqti-

urad gamoiyeneba principi _ „ixdis is, vinc Rebulobs sargebels“. am

qveynebSi moqmedebs gadasaxadebis, mosakreblebisa da gadasaxdelebis (ga-

dasaxadi navTobproduqtebiT vaWrobaze, gadasaxdelebi satransporto

sacobebis Seqmnaze, mosakreblebi avtomobilis parkirebaze, damatebiTi

gadasaxdelebi nakveTis gamoyofaze satransporto momsaxurebis donis

mixedviT, satransporto infrastruqturis gamoyenebaze, pirdapiri ga-

dasaxadi damqiraveblebisgan da a.S) sxvadasxva sistema.

qalaqis samgzavro transportis sawarmoTa finansuri mdgomareoba

SeiZleba gaumjobesdes municipaluri organoebis mier maTi dafinanse-

bis meqanizmis Secvlis xarjze. mniSvnelovania saangariSsworebo tar-

ifebiT saxelSekrulebo dafinansebaze gadasvlis dasruleba, satrans-

porto danaxarjebis srulad da droulad anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa,

municipaluri transportis sawarmoebisTvis da kerZo gadamyvanebisTvis

Tanaswori pirobebis Seqmna SeRavaTiani gadayvanebis mimarT. ekonomi-

kurma gardaqmnebma, romlebic xorcieldeba qalaqis samgzavro trans-

portis sistemaSi, jer ver moipova saimedo samarTlebrivi mxardaWera.

satransporto kanonmdebloba Cvens qveyanaSi umetes wilad wina saukunis

60-80-ian wlebSi Camoyalibda, rodesac mgzavrebis gadamyvanTa saqmiano-

bis erTaderT formas saxelmwifo sawarmoebi warmoadgenda. sakuTre-

bis sxvadasxva formis, konkurenciisa da sabazro urTierTobebis ganvi-

Tarebis pirobebSi warmoiSva adekvaturi kanonmdeblobis Camoyalibebis

aucilebloba municipalur da centralur doneebze. sazogadoebrivi

transportis ganviTarebis problemebis kardinalurad gadasawyvetad

aucilebelia kanonis miReba „qalaqis samgzavro transportis Sesaxeb“,

rogorc centralur, aseve municipalur doneze. garda amisa, trans-

portze sabazro urTierTobebis damyarebas xels Seuwyobs SeRavaTebis

Secvla fuladi kompensaciiT. es rentabelurs gaxdis qalaqis samgzavro

transportis muSaobas.

54

1.5. satarifo regulireba da qalaqis samgzavro transportis

sawarmoebis mdgradobis uzrunvelyofa

regionuli da finansuri organoebis mxridan finansuri mxardaWer-

is miuxedavad, saerTo sargeblobis transportis sawarmoebi finansur

vardnas ganicdian, romelic umetes wilad sawvavze da teqnikuri md-

gomareobis mowesrigebaze danaxarjebis swrafi zrdiT aris gamowveu-

li. avtobusebis parkis ganaxleba finansuri saxsrebis ukmarisobis gamo

ferxdeba.

gadayvanil mgzavrTa daaxloebiT 10-15% kanonmdeblobiT aqvs sru-

li SeRavaTi saerTo sargeblobis transportiT mgzavrobaze, xolo

nawilobriv SeRavaTiT mosargeble gadayvanil mgzavrTa raodenoba 45-

dan 63%-mde meryeobs. „amovardnili“ (daklebuli) Semosavali kompen-

sirdeba municipaluri biujetidan, magram ara sruli moculobiT. amis

Sedegad saerTo sargeblobis transportis saqmianoba ar iZleva fi-

nansur TviTuzrunvelyofis SesaZleblobas. dafinansebis saerTo moc-

uloba sakmarisi ar aris gadayvanebze moTxovnilebis saWiro doneze

SenarCunebisTvis. es aferxebs agreTve mgzavrTa gadayvanebis xarisxis

amaRlebas (ix.diagrama 1.5-1.6) .

diagrama 1.5

55

diagrama 1.6

samoqalaqo samgzavro transportis sawarmoebis mdgradobis gazrda

SeiZleba ori ZiriTadi xerxiT: a) satarifo regulirebiT; b) sawarmoe-

bis finansuri mxardaWeriT gare wyaroebidan (centraluri da adgilo-

brivi biujetebidan). magram orive SemTxvevaSi saWiroa satransporto

momsaxurebis xarisxis, satarifo ganakveTebisa da samoqalaqo samgzavro

transportis sawarmoTa xarjebis mkacri kontroli.

samgzavro tarifebis formirebis arsebuli meTodebis analizis sa-

fuZvelze da saavtomobilo transportze gadayvanebis TviTRirebulebis

kalkulirebis TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, rac ganpirobebulia

saeqspluatacio xarjebsa da satransporto produqciis moculobas

Soris pirdapiri kavSiris ararsebobiT, SeiZleba dazustdes samgzavro

gadayvanebis tarifikaciis meTodika.

meTodika unda iTvaliswinebdes ekonomikurad dasabuTebul danax-

arjebs da gadaxdisunariani mosaxleobis moTxovnilebas, samgzavro

tarifebis formirebisa da avtotransportis sawarmoebisTvis dotaciis

donis gansazRvris variantulobas. SesaZlebelia ori Semdegi midgoma

(varianti).

pirveli varianti tarifebis diferencirebis SesaZleblobas iZleva

satarifo jgufebis mixedviT, romlebSic Sedis teritoriuli warmon-

aqmnebi, erTgvarovani mgzavrobebi saSualo manZilze, romelzec damok-

idebulia cvladi xarjebi da gadayvanis TviTRirebuleba.

meore variantiT dgindeba erTiani tarifi mTel teritoriaze (re-

gionis,raionis), xolo dotaciis done ganisazRvreba diferencirebu-

56

lad yoveli teritoriuli qvedanayofisTvis, erTiani tarifis sidi-

didan da satarifo jgufebis mixedviT diferencirebuli tarifidan

gamomdinare.

magaliTad, satarifo jgufebis mixedviT diferencirebuli saanga-

riSsworebo tarifebis gamoyenebam SesaZloa TbilisSi samgzavro saavto-

mobilo transportis sawarmoebisTvis dotaciis gansazRvrisaTvis samg-

zavro avtotransportis kompaniis ufro samarTliani dafinanseba uz-

runvelyos.

amocanebis gadaWris Tanmimdevrobas ganmartavs warmodgenili modeli:

saavtomobilo transportiT mgzavrebis gadayvanaze tarifebis formirebis

meTodikis srulyofis struqturuli sqema

I. danaxarjebis ekonomikurad dasabuTebuls mikuTvnebis wesis gansazRvra.

II. samgzavro tarifis SemadgenlobaSi rentabelobis saWiro donis gansazRvra.

sainvesticio

Semadgeneli

sagadasaxado

Semadgeneli

socialuri

Semadgeneli

III. samgzavro tarifis (tarifis-SeTavazebis) formirebis modeli

qalaqis mimosvlis sagzao tarifis

formirebis modeli

sagareubno mimosvlis sag-

zao tarifis formirebis

modeli

saqalaqTaSoriso

mimosvlis sagzao

tarifis formorebis

modeli

IV. tarifis Secvlis gavlenis gansazRvra gadaxdisunariani mosaxleobis moTxovnilebis

sidideze da satransporto sawarmoebis Semosavlebze

gadaxdisunariani mosaxleobis

moTxovnilebis cvlilebis sididis

gansazRvra

satransporto sawarmoebis

Semosavlebis cvlilebis

sididis gansazRvra

tarifi-SeTavazebis

CarCoebSi samgzavro

tarifis optimaluri

sididis gansazRvra

V. saavtomobilo transportis sawarmoebisTvis biujetidan dotaciis gansazRvra mgzav-

robis safasuris gadaxdiT tarifis arakompensirebadi wilis anazRaurebis saxiT

Sesabamisad, SesaZlebelia samgzavro tarifis (tarifi-SeTavazebis)

formirebis modelis ori varianti.

pirveli varianti misaRebia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gamomuSavebuli

avtomobili-saaTebis proporciulad Sesrulebuli mimosvlis sxvadasx-

va saxeze gaweuli mudmivi xarjebis da agreTve tarifis socialuri da

sagadasaxado Semadgenlebis ganawileba ar iwvevs disproporcias gaday-

57

vanebis finansuri Sedegebis formirebaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi samgzavro

tarifi Seicavs gadayvanis TviTRirebulebas da yoveli saxis gaday-

vanisTvis calke gaangariSebul rentabelobas.

meore varianti SeiZleba rekomendebuli iqnes im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac

saerTo sameurneo xarjebis, sagadasaxado da socialuri Semadgenlebis

ganawileba gadayvanebis mixedviT rTulia. amasTan, mudmivi xarjebi

Seyvanilia rentabelobis gaangariSebaSi da anazRaurebul unda iqnas

miRebuli Semosavlis (mogebis) xarjze. rentabelobis sidide mTlianoba-

Si ganisazRvreba yvela saxis gadayvanebisTvis.

tarifis sididis gansazRvris wesi, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia meTo-

dikaSi, tarifis donis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisadmi obieqturi

midgomis saSualebas iZleva. amasTan, gaTvaliswinebulia mosaxleobis

interesebi da uzrunvelyofilia samgzavro sawarmoebis Semosavlebis

zrda.

SemoTavazebuli modelis gamoyeneba SesaZlebels xdis aunazRaurdes

samgzavro avtosawarmoebs finansur Sedegebs mikuTvnebuli gadasaxa-

debis gadaxda da es sawarmoebi uzrunvelyofil iqnes socialuri gan-

viTarebisTvis saWiro saxsrebiT. agreTve aRniSnuli modeli saSuale-

bas iZleva misaReb vadebSi ganaxldes avtobusis parkis nawili, romelic

Camoweras eqvemdebareba.

meTodika gamoiyeneba rogorc sazogadoebriv transportze mgzavro-

bis SeRavaTebis pirobebSi, aseve im SemTxvevebSic, roca aseTi SeRavaTebi

Secvlilia misamarTiani dotaciiT. gansxvaveba mxolod avtobusebis

mgzavrTa tevadobis gamoyenebis koeficientis gansazRvraSi mdgomare-

obs. pirvel SemTxvevaSi es koeficienti ganisazRvreba mgzavrTa nakadis

gamokvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi _ gadayvanili

mgzavrebis raodenobis Sesaxeb faqtobrivi monacemebis safuZvelze.

samgzavro saavtomobilo gadayvanebze moqmedi tarifebis gamokvle-

vam uCvena, rom SenarCunebulia samgzavro tarifebis formirebis xar-

jviTi meTodebi, qalaqis mTeli teritoriisTvis erTiani gadayvanis sa-

Sualodargobrivi TviTRirebulebidan gamomdinare. aseTi midgoma samg-

zavro tarifebis formirebisadmi xels ar uwyobs avtosatransporto

sawarmoebis konkurentunarianobis amaRlebas.

ase, magaliTad, danaxarjebis struqturis analizma, romelSic

ZiriTad nawils warmoadgens xarjebi sawvavze da xelfasze _ 70% da

saerTo sameurneo xarjebi _ 30%, agreTve q. Tbilisis municipaluri

avtosatransporto sawarmoebis xarjebis anazRaurebis/dafarvis wy-

aroebis analizma uCvena, rom, im qalaqis da sagareubno marSrutebze,

58

romlebzec momsaxureba xorcieldeba samarSruto avtobusebis reJimSi,

TviTRirebulebasTan tarifis donis miaxlovebis miuxedavad, saeqsplu-

atacio xarjebis mgzavrobis safasuriT anazRaurebis done dabali rCeba

gadayvanebze Cveulebriv reJimSi momsaxurebiT, rac SeRavaTiani mgzav-

robiT mosargeble mgzavrebis maRali xvedriTi woniT aris ganpirobebu-

li. (ix. diagrama 1.7)

diagrama 1.7

analizis Sedegebis safuZvelze SeiZleba gakeTdes daskvna, rom av-

totransportis sawarmoebisTvis biujetidan dotaciis odenobis gansaz-

Rvrisadmi mecnierulad dasabuTebuli midgomis ararsebobis, agreTve

tarifis sidideze mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis gavlenis subieqturi

Sefasebis pirobebSi faswarmoqmnis xarjviTi meTodi ar uzrunvelyofs

arsebuli wyaroebidan samgzavro avtotransportis saWiro dafinansebas.

samgzavro avtotransportiT momsaxurebaze moTxovnilebis sezonuri

cvalebadobis, sadReRamiso saaTebisa da rogorc saqarTveloSi, agreTve

sxva sazRvargareTis qveynebSi moqmedi satarifo sistemebis mixedviT

mgzavrTa gadayvanebis moculobis ganawilebis analizis safuZvelze

SemoTavazebulia sadReRamiso saaTebis mixedviT diferencirebuli tar-

ifebis gamoyenebis meqanizmi mgzavrTa nakadis sezonuri Semcirebis peri-

odSi im qalaqis da sagareubno marSrutebze, romelTa momsaxureba xor-

cieldeba samarSruto avtobusis/taqsis reJimSi, agreTve qalaqTaSoris

marSrutebze, romlebzec pikis saaTebSi gadayvanebis moculoba saerTo

saSualo sadReRamiso moculobis 45-60%-s Seadgens da arsebobs trans-

portis alternatiuli saxeebi.

59

gadayvanebis tarificirebis moqnili sistemis SesaZleblobebi nak-

lebad gamoiyeneba yvela saxis transportze, municipaluri avtobusis

CaTvliT. sazRvagareTis qveynebis gamocdilebiT, bileTis winaswar

SeZenisas keTdeba fasdakleba 3,5-dan 20%-mde. Cveni gadamyvanebi tar-

ifebis moqnili regulirebis SesaZleblobas saTanadod ar afaseben.

qalaqis samgzavro transportis sawarmoebis finansuri mdgrado-

bis uzrunvelyofis problema mxolod satarifo regulirebiT, ra Tqma

unda, ar gadaiWreba. aucilebelia aigos samgzavro transportis sawar-

moebis saqmianobaze saxelmwifo kontrolis da maTi finansuri mdrgado-

bis uzrunvelyofis kargad organizebuli vertikali, gansakuTrebiT mu-

nicipaluri warmonaqmnebis doneze.

rogorc gamokvlevebma uCvena, im saxelmwifo organoebis mcdelo-

bebma, romelTa gamgeblobaSia qalaqis samgzavro transporti, tarifebis

minimaluri done SeinarCunon socialurad mniSvnelovani gadayvanebis

uzrunvelyofis mizniT, qalaqis samgzavro transportis sawarmoebis

damatebiTi danakargebi gamoiwvia. Seqmnili situaciis mixedviT, rode-

sac, gadayvanebis TviTRirebulebaze gavlenis mqone pirdapiri danaxar-

jebis mudmivad zrdis miuxedavad, mgzavrobis tarifebis gadaxedva unda

moxdes yovelwliurad da tarifis gadaxedvisas ar unda iyos mxolod

mosaxleobis gadaxdisunarianoba gaTvaliswinebuli, aucilebelia tari-

fis gansazRvrisas yuradreba gamaxvildes faswarmoqmnis yvela elemen-

tze (ix.cxrili 1. 12).

cxrili 1. 12

qalaqis samgzavro transportis finansuri saqmianobis saxelmwifo da

municipaluri regulireba

qalaqis samgzavro

transportis daf-

inansebis sistemis

samarTlebrivi reg-

ulireba:

qalaqis samgzavro

transportis saqmi-

anobis saabiujeto

dafinanseba:

qalaqis samgza-

vro transpor-

tis ganviTare-

bis saxelmwifo

mxardaWera:

regionuli (munic-

ipaluri) politika

qalaqis samgzav-

ro transportis

sferoSi:

-sagadasaxado kodeqsSi

Sesworebebis Setana

qalaqis samgzavro

transportis saqmi-

anobis dafinansebis

saWiro wyaroebiT mx-

ardaWeris mizniT;

- qalaqis samgzavro

transportis sawar-

moebSi ZiriTadi

saqmianobisgan war-

moqmnili zaralis

dafinanseba;

- qalaqis samg-

zavro trans-

portis sferoSi

saxelmwifo

satranspor-

to politikis

SemuSaveba;

- qalaqis samgzav-

ro transportiT

momsaxureba-

ze tarifebis

SemuSveba da damt-

kiceba;

60

- kamomndeblobis

srulyofa qalaqis

samgzavro trans-

portze SeRavaTebis

gacemis wesis Secvlis

mizniT;

- mgzavrebis

SeRavaTiani kate-

goriebis gadayvanis

dafinanseba;

- qalaqis

samgzavro

transportze

konkurenciis

stimulireba;

- municipaluri

proeqtebis reali-

zeba qalaqis samg-

zavro transportis

sferoSi;

- qalaqis samgzavro

transportis licen-

zireba, sertificireba

da antimonopoliuri

regulireba;

- qalaqis samgzavro

transportisTvis

moZravi Sedgenilobis

Sesyidvis dafinanse-

ba;

- qalaqis samg-

zavro trans-

portis sferoSi

samecniero-kv-

leviTi da

saproeqto

samuSaoebis

organizeba/daf-

inanseba.

-konkursebis

Catareba gadamy-

vanebs Soris qa-

laqis samgzavro

transportis

marSrutebis mom-

saxurebaze;

- qalaqis samgzavro

transportis sfero-

Si specializebuli

kanonebis miReba

qalaqis samgzavro

transportis dafi-

nansebis mkafiod gan-

sazRvruli meqanizniT,

mgzavrebis gaday-

vanebis damkveTebisa

da Semsruleblebis

valdebulebebisa da

uflebebis, individ-

ualuri mewarmeebis

saqmianobis wesis gan-

sazRvriT.

- qalaqis samgzav-

ro transportis

sawarmoebisT-

vis SeRavaTiani

kreditebis gacema;

- gadmyvanebis

marSrutebze daSve-

bis kvotirebis meqa-

nizmis SemuSaveba da

gamoyeneba.

- qalaqis samgza-

vro transpor-

tisTvis moZravi

Semadgenlobis

SesyidvisTvis gace-

mul kreditebze pro-

centebis dafarva;

- qalaqis samgzavro

transportis infra-

struqturis ganvi-

Tarebis dafinanseba.

Semdegi mniSvnelovani faqtori, romelic sawarmoebis finansur md-

gomareobaze gavlenas axdens, aris gadayvanebis struqtura. is arsebiT

cvlilebebs ganicdis rogorc mTlianad qveynis masStabiT, aseve konk-

retulad calkeul qalaqebSi, rac ori mizeziT aixsneba: mzavrTa nawi-

61

lis gadasvliT komerciul da pirad avtotransportze, da agreTve imiT,

rom, dawyebuli 2010 wlidan da 2014 wlis CaTvliT, qalaqis transpor-

tze izrdeboda SeRavaTiani mgzavrobis uflebis mqone mgzavrTa katego-

riebis ricxvi.

Tu 90-ani wlebis dasawyisamde zarali iyo gegmiuri da misi jamuri

Tanxa sawarmoebs sruli moculobiT sabiujeto saxsrebiT unazRaurde-

boda, sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi gardaqmnebis dawyebis momentisT-

vis ekonomikuri situacia gauaresda, da qalaqis samgzavro transportis

sawarmoebisTvis ufro naklebi saxsrebi gamoiyofoda, vidre warmoqmni-

li zaralis Tanxa. mimdinare etapze qalaqis biujetidan xdeba mxolod

SeRavaTiT mosarkeble sakompensacio Tanxis dafinanseba da zaralis

dafarva qalaqis biujetidan aRar xorcieldeba, Sesabamisad, dotaciis

Tanxac mxolod zemoaRniSnul sakompensacio Tanxas Seadgens.

qalaqis samgzavro transportis dafinansebaSi didi yuradReba eniWe-

ba sainvesticio politikas.

cxrili 1.13

ZiriTad kapitalSi investiciebis struqtura 2010-2014 wlebi (lari)

# dasaxeleba

Semosuli investiciebi

2010 weli 2011 weli 2012 weli 2013 weli 2014 weli

1avtobusi, met-

ro, sabagiro47,361,410 54 ,513,164 32, 220,072 48 ,367,590 10,455,646

qalaqis samgzavro gadayvanebis ganmaxorcielebeli sawarmoebis mier

finansebis investireba SeiZleba moxdes ramodenime wyarodan:

• sakuTari saxsrebi; • sabiujeto saxsrebi (dotaciebi, subsidiebi, Sesyidvebis mizno-

brivi dafinanseba);

• sxva Semonatanebi, sasesxo saxsrebis CaTvliT.

Cvens SemTxvevaSi investireba ganxorcielebulia ZiriTadad sabiuje-

to asignebebiT.

moZrav SedgenilobaSi sakuTari saxsrebis gamoyenebis

SesaZlebloba SezRudulia. samgzavro gadayvanebis ganmaxorcielebeli

sawarmo iseve, rogorc nebismieri sxva sawarmo, miznad isaxavs maqsimal-

urad SesaZlo mogebis miRebas. magram qalaqis samgzavro transportis

sawarmoebi muSaoben saxelmwifos mier regulirebadi fasebis pirobebSi

62

da, faqtobrivad rCebian ra gegmiur-wamgebian sawarmoebad, ar SeuZliaT

TavianTi mogebis gazrda momsaxurebaze tarifebis awevis xarjze. ami-

tom, sasurveli Sedegis miRweva SesaZlebelia ori gziT: amonagebis gaz-

rdiT an gadayvanebis TviTRirebulebis SemcirebiT, rac xorcieldeba

praqtikaSi.

samgzavro avtotransportis, iseve, rogorc qalaqis samgzavro

transportis mTlianobaSi materialur-teqnikuri bazis ganaxlebisas ar

SeiZleba saTanadod ar Sefasdes agreTve saxelmwifo da kerZo partnio-

robis, lizingis da sxva finansuri meqanizmebis SesaZleblobebi, romel-

Ta detalurad ganxilva winamdebare samuSaos farglebs scildeba.

63

Tavi 2. Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis finansuri mdgomareobis (balansis) analizi

2.1. finansuri mdgomareobis (balansis) struqturis analizi

finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgeba (balansi) warmoadgens angariSgebas

sawarmos qonebisa (aqtivSi) da misi formirebis wyaroebis (pasivSi) Sesaxeb.

balansis aqtivSi asaxuli sawarmos qoneba (ix. cxrili 2.1) iyofa grZelva-

dian aqtivebad (balansis aqtivis ganyofileba I) da moklevadian aqtivebad

(balansis aqtivis ganyofileba II). q. Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis finansuri analizis Catarebis sa-

fuZveli gaxda buRaltruli balansi, analizis Catarebisas gansaxilveli

periodebis raodenoba _ 5: pirveli gansaxilveli periodis monacemebi moy-

vanilia 31.12.2010-Tvis, bolo gansaxilveli periodis monacemebi moyvanilia

31.12.2014-Tvis; analizisTvis sabazo intervalis saxiT arCeulia periodi

monacemebiT 31.12.2010-Tvis. analizisTvis saangariSo periodis saxiT ar-

Ceulia periodi monacemebiT, romlebic warmodgenilia 31.12.2014-Tvis

grZelvadian aqtivebs miekuTvneba ZiriTadi saSualebebi, aramaterial-

uri aqtivebi, aseve grZelvadiani finansuri dabandebebi, romelTa gamoy-

enebis vada, Cveulebriv, erT welze metia.

mimdinare aqtivebs miekuTvneba sawarmos resursebi, romlebic gamoi-

yeneba sawarmoo ciklis procesSi, ese igi sawarmoo maragebi, saqoneli, rom-

lebic inaxeba sawyobSi, mimdinare debitoruli davalianeba da a.S.

aqtivSi arsebuli qonebis formirebis wyaroebi asaxulia balansis pasiv-

Si, romelic, Tavis mxriv, Sedgeba sami ganyofilebisgan:

• kapitali da rezervebi

• grZelvadiani valdebulebebi

• moklevadiani valdebulebebi .mimdinare aqtivebis gamoyenebis efeqtianoba da likvidoba ganisaz-

Rvreba wminda mimdinare kapitalis sididiT, romelic warmoadgens sxvaobas

sawarmos mimdinare aqtivebsa da kompaniis koreqtirebul moklevadian val-

debulebebs Soris.

radgan wminda mimdinare kapitalis sidide mudmivad cvalebadia da

damokidebulia balansis struqturaze, ganvixiloT kapitalis struqturis

agebis oTxi ZiriTadi modeli da ganvsazRvroT, romel maTgans miekuTvneba

q. Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis kapitalis struqtura.

balansis struqturis mixedviT gamoyofen oTx models:

• idealuri modeli; • agresiuli modeli;

64

• konservatiuli modeli; • kompromisuli modeli.warmodgenili modelebi ganixileba imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom finansur

menejmentSi mimdinare saSualebebis cneba iyofa mudmiv sabrunav kapitalad,

romelic warmoadgens sawarmoo saqmianobis ganxorcielebisaTvis aucileb-

el minimums, da droebiT sabrunav kapitalad, romelic asaxvas damatebiTi

mimdinare aqtivebis sidides. cvladi mimdinare kapitali saWiroa, rogorc

sadazRvevo maragebi, sawarmos saqmianobis maqsimaluri datvirTvis peri-

odebSi.

• idealuri modeli efuZneba varauds, rom mimdinare aqtivebi stati-

kur warmodgenaSi Tavisi sididiT emTxveva moklevadian valdebule-

bebs. amgvari situacia praqtikulad ar gvxvdeba, radgan araxel-

sayrel pirobebSi, magaliTad, sakredito davalianebis saswrafod

dafarvis aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, sawarmo iZulebuli iqneba,

moaxdinos fiqsirebuli aqtivebis realizacia (ZiriTadi saSualebe-

bi da a.S.), rac kidev ufro gaauaresebs mis mdgomareobas.

• agresiuli modeli efuZneba varauds, rom moklevadiani valdebule-

bebi emsaxureba mxolod mimdinare aqtivebis cvladi nawilis da-

farvas, romelic aucilebelia, rogorc sadazRvevo maragi. mimdin-

are aqtivebis mudmivi nawili am SemTxvevaSi ifareba grZelvadiani

sakredito davalianebisa da sakuTari kapitalis nawilis xarjze.

es situacia, iseve, rogorc idealuri modeli, unda ganvixiloT,

rogorc sakmarisad sarisko, radganac praqtikaSi SeuZlebelia,

Semoifarglo mimdinare aqtivebis minimumiT.

• konservatiuli modeli gulisxmobs moklevadiani valdebulebebis

ararsebobas da mimdinare aqtivebis dafinansebas grZelvadiani val-

debulebebisa da sakuTari kapitalis nawilis xarjze. Tumca, grZel-

vadian perspeqtivaSi es modeli ar aris mizanSewonili.

• kompromisuli modeli yvelaze realuri modelia. am modelis

SemTxvevaSi mimdinare kapitali tolia mudmivi mimdinare aqtivebis

jamisa da maTi cvladi nawilis naxevrisa.

65

cxrili 2.1

balansis aqtivi (lari)

balansis muxli 31.12.2010 31.12.2011 31.12.2012 31.12.2013 31.12.2014

I. grZelvadiani aqtivebi

aramaterialuri aq-

tivebi 125 555 107 583 145 619 36 069 134 626

ZiriTadi saSualebebi 378 155 355 413 367638 428 891572 433 820 651 433 092 528

grZelvadiani finansu-

ri dabandebebi 2 614 224 3 051 331 3 568 985 3 346 461 2 931 461

sul grZelvadiani aq-

tivebi380 895 134 416 526 552 432 606 176 437 203 181 436 158 615

II. mimdinare aqtivebi

maragebi 14 025 042 13 717 004 12 784 395 12 809 253 14 932 798

zedmetad gadaxdili

gadasaxadebi436 983 979 974 871 278 2 685 563 2 525 235

debitoruli daval-

ianeba 3 794 601 3 718 546 5 292 305 7 629 208 6 871 434

finansuri dabandebebi 0 0 0

fuladi saxsrebi 1 799 984 933 645 904 861 23 880 930 7 292 800

sxva mimdinare aqtivebi 0 45 379 45 382 0 0

sul mimdinare aqtivebi 20 056 610 19 394 548 19 898 221 47 004 954 31 622 267

balansi 400 951 744 435 921 100 452 504 397 484 208 135 467 780 882

balansis pasivi (lari)

cxrili 2.2.

balansis muxli 31.12.2010 31.12.2011 31.12.2012 31.12.2013 31.12.2014

III. kapitali da rezervebi

sawesdebo kapi-

tali 201 962 525 256 475 689 288 695 761 337 063 350 339 139 496

grZelvadiani aq-

tivebis gadafaseba 265 972 016 265 972 016 265 972 016 265 972 016 265 972 016

sarezervo kapi-

tali 49 177 755 46 360 428 46 360 428 46 360 428 46 360 428

gaunawilebeli

mogeba (daufaravi

zarali )

-118 331 415 -135 119 972 -150 137 957 -167 116 845 -186 007 778

66

sul sakuTari

kapitali398 780 881 433 688 161 450 890 248 482 278 949 465 464 162

IV. grZlevadiani valdebulebebi

sasesxo val-

debulebebi0 0 0, 0 0

gadavadebuli

sagadasaxado val-

debulebebi

0 0 0 0 0

pirobiTi val-

debulebebis

rezervebi

0 0 0 0 0

sxva grZelvadiani

pasivebi 0 0 0 0 0

sulgrZelvadiani

valdebulebebi0 0 0 0 0,

V. mimdinare valdebulebebi

kreditoruli

davalianeba 1 746 554 1 838 676 1 332 940 1 668 208 2 055 742

momavali

periodebis

Semosavlebi

424 309 367 009 281 209 260 978 260 978

sxva moklevadiani

valdebulebebi0 27 254 0 0 0

sul mimdinare

valdebulebebi2 170 863 2 232 939 1 614 149 1 929 186 2 316 720

balansi 400 951 744 435 921 100 452 504 397 484 208 135 467 780 882

cxrili 2.3

angariSi finansuri Sedegebis Sesaxeb (angariSgeba mogebisa da zaralis Sesaxeb) (lari)

maCveneblebi 31.12.2010 31.12.2011 31.12.2012 31.12.2013 31.12.2014

Semosavlebi da xarjebi Cveulebrivi saqmianobidan

amonagebi 53 805 293 65 876 338 75 815 717 100 147 646 109 196 004

gayidvebis

TviTRirebuleba -86 495 753 -82 880 952 -89 150 672 -109 448 461 -120 437 051

mTliani mogeba

(zarali) -32 690 460 -17 004 614 -13 334 955 -9 300 815 -11 241 047

komerciuli xar-

jebi 0 0 0 0 0

67

mmarTvelobiTi

xarjebi 0 0 0 -8 557 501 -9 265 430

mogeba (zarali)

gayidvebidan -32 690 460 -17 004 614 -13 334 955 -17 858 316 -20 506 477

sxva Semosavlebi da xarjebi

Semosavlebi sxva

organizaciebSi

monawileobidan

0 0 0 0 0

misaRebi procen-

tebi 937 476 0 0 1 070 020 1 886 899

gadasaxdeli pro-

centebi 0 0 0 0 0

sxva Semosavlebi 4 136 957 0 0 5 747 588 5 986 208

sxva xarjebi -17 316 915 0 0 -5 847 918 -6 086 265

mogeba (zarali)

dabegvramde -44 932 942 -17 004 614 -13 334 955 -16 888 626 -18 719 635

mimdinare mogebis

gadasaxadi 0 0 0 0 0

gadavadebuli

sagadasaxado

valdebulebebis

cvlileba

0 0 0 0 0

gadavadebuli

sagadasaxado aq-

tivebis cvlileba

0 0 0 0 0

sxva 0 0 0 0 0

saangariSo prio-

dis wminda mogeba

(zarali)

-44 932 942 -17 004 614 -13 334 955 -16 888 626 -18 719 635

analizma aCvena, rom q. Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis wminda mimdin-

are kapitalis sidide saanalizo periodis bolosTvis (31.12.2014) Seadgenda

29,566, 525 lars, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom sawarmos gaaCnia wminda mimdinare

kapitali Tavisi saqmianobis SesanarCuneblad, da saangariSo TariRisTvis

sawarmos mdgomareobas SeiZleba ewodos sakmarisad stabiluri. Tumca, mainc

saWiroa q. Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis qonebis struqturis ufro de-

taluri Seswavla.

zemoT ganxilul modelebze dayrdnobiT, organizaciis qonebis struq-

tura saangariSo periodis bolosTvis SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT kompromi-

sul models. moklevadiani valdebulebebi mimarTulia mimdinare aqtivebis

cvladi nawilis naxevris dafarvaze.

68

grafikuli saxiT q. Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis qonebis struqtu-

ra saanalizo periodis ganmavlobaSi warmodgenilia diagramaze 2.1.

diagrama 2.1

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis qonebis struqtura 2010-2014 ww.

moklevadiani pasivebi

sabrunavi aqtivebi

mudmivi sabrunavi aqtivebicvladi sabrunavi aqtivebi

brunvis gareSe aqtivebi

sakuTari kapitali

grZelvadiani pasivebi

balansis aqtivis struqtura da cvlilebebi warmodgenilia cxrilebSi

2.4 da 2.5.

69

cxrili 2.4 balansis aqtivis struqtura (%)

balansis muxlebi 31.12.2010 31.12.2011 31.12.2012 31.12.2013 31.12.2014


aramaterialuri aq-

tivebi 0,03 0,02 0,03 0,01 0,03

ZiriTadi saSualebebi 94,31 94,83 94,78 89,59 92,58

grZelvadiani finansuri

dabandebebi 0,65 0,70 0,79 0,69 0,63

gadavadebuli saga-

dasaxado aqtivebi 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

sxva grZelvadiani aq-

tivebi 0,00

sulgrZelvadiani aq-

tivebi95,00 95,55 95,60 90,29 93,24


maragebi 3,50 3,15 2,83 2,65 3,19

damatebiTi

Rirebulebis gadasaxadi

SeZenil faseulobebze

0,11 0,22 0,19 0,55 0,54

debitoruli daval-

ianeba 0,95 0,85 1,17 1,58 1,47

finansuri dabandebebi 0,00 0,00 0,00

fuladi saxsrebi 0,45 0,21 0,20 4,93 1,56

sxva mimdinare aqtivebi 0,00 0,01 0,01 0,00 0,00

sul mimdinare aqtivebi 5,00 4,45 4,40 9,71 6,76

balansi 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00

cxrili 2.5

aqtivebis dinamikis analizi (lari)

aqtivi 31.12.2010 31.12.2014absoluturi

gadaxra lari

zrdis

tempi

(%)

xvedriTi

wilis

(%)


aramaterial-

uri aqtivebi 125 555 134 626 9 071 7,22 -0

ZiriTadi sa-

Sualebebi 378 155 355 433 092 528 54 937 173 14,53 -1,73

70

finansuri

dabandebebi 2 614 224 2 931 461 317 237 12,14 -0,03

gadavadebuli

sagadasaxado

aqtivebi

0 0 0 0 0

sxva grZelva-

diani aqtivebi 0 0 0 0

sul grZelva-

diani aqtivebi380 895 134 436 158 615 55 263 481 14,51 -1,76


maragebi 14 025 042 14 932 798 907 756 6,47 -0,31

damatebiTi

Rirebulebis

gadasaxa-

di SeZenil

faseulobebze

436 983 2 525 235 2 088 252 477,88 0,43

debitoruli

davalianeba 3 794 601 6 871 434 3 076 833 81,08 0,52

finansuri

dabandebebi 0 0 0 0 0,

fuladi saxs-

rebi 1 799 984 7 292 800 5 492 816 305,16 1,11

sxva mimdinare

aqtivebi 0 0 0 0 0,

sul mimdinare

aqtivebi20 056 610 31 622 267 11 565 657 57,67 1,76

balansi 400 951 744 467 780 882 66 829 138 16,67 0

balansis aqtivis muxlebis dinamikis analizma gviCvena, rom sawarmos aq-

tivebis saerTo sidide saangariSo periodSi, sabazisosTan SedarebiT gaiz-

arda. 31.12.2010-is monacemebTan SedarebiT balansis valuta da aqtivebi

gaizarda 16,67% -iT, rac absolutur gamosaxulebaSi 66,829,138 lari. amg-

varad, saangariSo periodSi aqtivebi da balansis valuta Seadgens 780,882

lars, rac upiratesad moxda muxlis „ZiriTadi saSualebebi“ zrdis xarjze.

gasul periodze am muxlis absoluturma zrdam Seadgina 54,937,173 lari,

da saanalizo periodis bolosTvis muxlis „ZiriTadi saSualebebi“ sididem

miaRwia 433,092,528 lars. grZelvadian aqtivebSi ZiriTadi saSualebebis

xvedriTi wili Seadgens 92,58%.

71

2.2. ZiriTadi saSualebebis mdgomareobisa da gamoyenebis analizi

ZiriTadi saSualebebis struqturis analizi

kompaniebis Semosavlebis zrda damokidebulia sami ZiriTadi re-

sursis gamoyenebaze _ ZiriTadi saSualebebis, materialuri da SromiT

resursebze. Tsk-s mTlian aqtivebSi saSualod 90-95% ukavia ZiriTad

saSualebebs da mxolod 5-10% _ sabrunav kapitals (ix.cxrili 2.6., dia-

grama 2.2).

cxrili 2.6.

ZiriTadi saSulebebis xvedri wili mTlian aqtivebSi

maCveneb-

lebi2010 weli 2011 weli 2012 weli 2013 weli 2014 weli

mTliani

aqtivebi

(lari)

400,951,744.00 435,921,100.00 452,504,394.00 484,208,136.00 467,780,882.00

ZiriTadi

saSuale-

bebis sa-

balanso

Rirebuleba

wlis bolos

(lari)

378,155,355.10 413,367,637.72 428,891,571.98 433,820,651.24 433,092,528.32

ZiriTadi

saSulebebis

xvedri wili

mTlian aq-

tivebSi (%)

94,3194,83 94,78 89,59 92,58

diagrama 2.2

Tsk-s aqtivebis struqtura (%)

72

Tsk-is ZiriTadi saSualebebis 70-72% modis pasiur nawilze (ix.cx-

rili 2,7., diagrama 2.3).

diagrama 2.3

Tsk-s ZiriTadi saSualebebis aqtiuri da pasiuri nawili (%)

73

cxrili 2.7

ZiriTadi saSulebebis aqtiuri nawilis xvedri wili da dinamika

maCvenebl

ebi

2010 w

el

i2011 w

el

i2012 w

el

i2013 w

el

i2014 w

el

i

lari

%l

ari

%l

ari

%l

ari

%l

ari

%

pasiuri

nawil

is

sabal

anso

Rirebul

eba

262,0

49,8

00,9

269,3

0298,2

67,6

81,8

472,1

6299,0

38,7

23,1

869,7

2302,9

69,3

54,2

569,8

4302,7

84,4

80,6

769,9

1

aqtiuri

nawil

is

sabal

anso

Rirebul

eba

116,1

05,5

54,1

830,7

0115,0

99,9

55,8

827,8

4129,8

52,8

48,8

030,2

8130,8

51,2

96,9

930,1

6130,3

08,0

47,6

530,0

9

sul

378,1

55,3

55,1

0100

413,3

67,6

37,7

2100

428,8

91,5

71,9

8100

433,8

20,6

51,2

4100

433,0

92,5

28,3

2100

74

is rom kompaniis mTlian aqtivebSi udidesi nawili (90-95%) ukavia

ZiriTad saSualebebs da maT Siris pasiur nawils, dargisaTvis kanonzomie-

ria, vinaidan metropoliteniT momsaxurebas esaWiroeba ZviradRirebuli

Senoba-nagebobebi da satransporto saSualebebi. SeiZleba asec ki daisvas

sakiTxi _ aris ki metropolitenis Senoba-nagebobebi (gvirabebi) ZiriTadi

saSualebebis pasiuri nawili? Tu gavakeTebT daSvebas, rom nagebobebi,

maTi funqcionaluri daniSnulebidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia mikuT-

vnebul iqnes aqtiur nawils, maSin aqtiuri nawilis xvedri wili mTlian

ZiriTad saSualebebSi aris 81-83% (ix.cxrili 2.8) _ tendencia mainc ar

Secvala.

cxrili 2.8

ZiriTadi saSulebebis aqtiuri nawilis ( nagebobebis CaTvliT) xvedri wili da

dinamika

maCveneblebi 2010 w. 2011 w. 2012 w. 2013 w. 2014 w.

pasiuri nawi-

lis sabalanso

Rirebuleba

(lari)

65,522,882,80 71,385,983,89 74,854,029,82 80,854,227,57 83,293,041,04

aqtiuri nawi-

lis sabalanso

Rirebuleba

(lari)

312,632,472,30 341,981,653,83 354,037,542,16 352,966,423,67 349,799,487,28

sul ZiriTadi

saSualebebis

sabalanso

Rirebulqba

(lari)

378,155,355,10 413,367,637,72 428,891,571,98 433,820,651,24 433,092,528,3

aqtiuri nawilis

xvedri wili (%)82,67 82,73 82,55 81,36 80,77

ZiriTadi saSualebebis struqturis analiziT irkveva, rom yvelaze

maRali xvedri wili modis nagebobebze _ saSualod 51%-55% da satrans-

porto saSualebebze- saSualod 27%, xolo manqana-danadgarebze _ 1,75-

2,50% (ix. cxrili 2.9, diagrama 2.4).

75

cxrili 2.9

ZiriTadi saSualebebis struqtura

maCvenebl

ebi

2010 w

el

i2011 w

el

i2012 w

el

i2013 w

el

i2014 w

el

i

lari

%l

ari

%l

ari

%l

ari

%l

ari

%

miwis

na-

kveTebi

15,1

85,8

77,0

04,0

215,3

79,9

32,0

03,7

216,8

72,7

73,0

03,9

321,2

28,9

32,3

24,8

921,2

28,9

32,3

24,9

0

daumTavre-

bel

i mSeneb-

lobebi

34,9

46,7

51,5

19,2

435,8

94,9

77,9

48,6

835,8

74,9

84,8

08,3

636,5

30,8

06,4

18,4

239,2

42,2

02,1

69,0

6

ZiriTadi sa-

Sual

ebaeb

i-sawyobSi

4,5

74,4

69,1

81,2

14,5

54,9

65,1

71,1

04,5

44,6

82,2

91,0

64,5

43,3

26,2

11,0

54,4

34,4

21,6

71,0

2

Senobebi

10,8

15,7

85,1

12,8

615,5

56,1

08,7

83,7

617,5

61,5

89,7

34,0

918,5

51,1

62,6

34,2

818,3

87,4

84,8

94,2

5

nagebobebi

196,5

26,9

18,1

251,9

7226,8

81,6

97,9

554,8

9224,1

84,6

93,3

652,2

7222,1

15,1

26,6

851,2

0219,4

91,4

39,6

350,6

8

manqana-d

a-

nadgarebi

9,5

74,3

43,5

02,5

38,9

11,9

71,0

62,1

68,0

29,9

22,1

51,8

77,7

82,2

63,7

91,7

97,5

48,7

99,1

91,7

4

transporti

105,5

09,5

37,2

027,9

0104,1

37,8

89,0

825,1

9117,0

68,7

95,5

627,3

0118,5

39,1

83,7

027,3

2118,9

36,0

98,1

527,4

6

ofisis

aR-

Wurvil

oba

557,9

36,4

90,1

51,4

71,1

19,9

00,3

64,3

01,4

40,2

71,0

04,1

48,5

86,2

70,9

63,3

05,4

51,1

50,7

6

aveji d

a sxva

inventari

395,6

33,1

50,1

0525,8

80,4

80,1

3405,6

72,1

20,0

9361,7

37,9

20,0

8419,3

64,4

60,1

0

sxva d

a sxva

68,1

03,8

40,0

253,0

95,3

60,0

147,0

18,7

00,0

119,5

25,3

10,0

098,3

34,7

00,0

2

378,1

55,3

55,1

0100,0

0413,3

67,6

37,7

2100,0

0428,8

91,5

71,9

8100,0

0433,8

20,6

51,2

4100,0

0433,0

92,5

28,3

2100,00

76

diagrama 2.4

aRsaniSnavia, rom maRalia daudgmeli ZiriTadi saSualebebis xvedri

wili mTlian ZiriTad saSualebebSi _ saSualod 9-10%, romelic war-

modgenilia daumTavrebeli mSeneblobisa da sawyobSi arsebuli ZiriTadi

saSualebebis saxiT (ix.cxrili 2.10).

cxrili 2.10

daudgmeli ZiriTadi saSualebebis xvedri wili mTlian ZiriTad saSualebebSi

(lari)

maCveneblebi 2010 w. 2011 w. 2012 w. 2013 w. 2014 w.

daumTavre-

beli mSeneb-

loba

34,946,751,51 35,894,977,94

35,874,984,80

36,530,806,41

39,242,202,16

ZiriTadi

saSualebebi

sawyobSi

4,574,469,18 4,554,965,17 4,544,682,29 4,543,326,21 4,434,421,67

sul

daudgmeli

ZiriTadi

saSualebebi

39,521,220,69 40,449,943,11 40,419,667,09 41,074,132,62 43,676,623,83

ZiriTadi sa-

Sualebebis

sabalanso

Rirebuleba

378,155,355,10 413,367,637,72 428,891,571,98 433,820,651,24 433,092,528,32

daudgmeli

ZiriTadi

saSualebebis

xvedri wi-

lis mTlian

ZiriTad

saSualebebSi

(%)

10,45 9,79 9,42 9,47 10,08

77

ZiriTadi saSualebebis Semadgenloba, teqnikuri mdgomareoba da

efeqturad gamoyeneba uzrunvelyofs kompaniis Semosavlebis zrdas,

risTvisac gavaanalizeT Tsk-s ZiriTadi saSualebebi mdgomareoba da ga-

moyeneba.

ZiriTadi saSualebebis mdgomareoba da gamoyeneba fasdeba zogadi

(RirebulebiTi) da kerZo (naturaluri) maCvenebelTa sistemiT. zogadi

(integraluri) maCveneblebi axasiaTeben sawarmoo daniSnulebis yvela

ZiriTadi saSualebebis erTobliobis gamoyenebas, xolo kerZo maCveneb-

lebi _ mis ZiriTad elementebs.

ZiriTadi saSualebebis moZraobis analizi

ZiriTadi saSualebebis mdgomareobis Sefaseba iwyeba maTi moZrao-

bis analiziT _ zrdis tempebis, ganaxlebisa da gasvlis SefasebiT.

• zrdis tempebi

ZiriTadi saSualebebis zrdis tempebis analizi sabaziso welT-

an SedarebiT Sefasebuli sabalanso RirebulebiT cxadyofs, rom

zrdis yvelaze maRali tempebiT xasiaTdeba aveji da inventari, ofi-

sis aRWurviloba, Senobebi, maSin, rodesac satransporto saSuale-

bebisa da manqana-danadgarebis zrdis tempebi uaryofiTia an dabali.

ase magaliTad, ofisis aRWurvilobis zrdis tempebi sabaziso welTan

SedarebiT Sefasebuli sabalanso RirebulebiT 2011 wels Seadgens

264%, 2012 wels _ 771%, 2013 wels _ 744%, 2014 wels _ 593%. maSin

rodesac, satransporto saSualebebis zrdis tempebi Seadgens: 2011

wels _ 99%, 2012 wels _ 111%, 2013 wels _ 112% da 2014 wels _ 113%.

manqana-danadgarebis zrdis tempebi uaryofiTia da Seadgens: 2011

wels _ 93%, 2012 wels _ 84%, 2013 wels _ 81% da 2014 wels _ 79% (ix.

cxrili 2.11, diagrama 2.5).

78

cxrili 2.11

ZiriTadi saSualebebis zrdis tempebi sabaziso welTan SedarebiT (Sefaseba

sabalanso RirebulebiT)

ZiriTadi

saSuale-

bebi

2010 weli

2011 weli 2012 weli 2013 weli 2014 weli

lari

zrdis

tempi

%

lari

zrdis

tempi

%

lari

zrdis

tempi

%

lari

zrdis

tempi

%

miwis

nakveTebi15,185,877,00 15,379,932,00 101,28 16,872,773,00 111,11 21,228,932,32 139,79 21,228,932,32 139,79

daum-

Tavrebeli

mSeneb-

lobebi

34,946,751,51 35,894,977,94 102,71 35,874,984,80 102,66 36,530,806,41 104,53 39,242,202,16 112,29

ZiriTadi

saSualeba

sawyobSi

4,574,469,18 4,554,965,17 99,57 4,544,682,29 99,35 4,543,326,21 99,32 4,434,421,67 96,94

Senobebi 10,815,785,11 15,556,108,78 143,83 17,561,589,73 162,37 18,551,162,63 171,52 18,387,484,89 170,01

nagebobebi 196,526,918,12 226,881,697,95 115,45 224,184,693,36 114,07 222,115,126,68 113,02 219,491,439,63 111,69

manqana-da-

nadgarebi9,574,343,50 8,911,971,06 93,08 8,029,922,15 83,87 7,782,263,79 81,28 7,548,799,19 78,84

trans-

porti105,509,537,20 104,137,889,08 98,70 117,068,795,56 110,96 118,539,183,70 112,35 118,936,098,15 112,73

ofisis

aRWurvi-

loba

557,936,49 1,471,119,90 263,67 4,301,440,27 770,96 4,148,586,27 743,56 3,305,451,15 592,44

aveji da

sxva inven-

tari

395,633,15 525,880,48 132,92 405,672,12 102,54 361,737,92 91,43 419,364,46 106,00

sxva da

sxva68,103,84 53,095,36 77,96 47,018,70 69,04 19,525,31 28,67 98,334,70 144,39

378,155,355,10 413,367,637,72 109,31 428,891,571,98 113,42 433,820,651,24 114,72 433,092,528,32 114,53

79

diagrama 2.6

Tsk-s ZiriTadi saSualebebis zrdis tempebi sabaziso welTan SedarebiT

analogiuri tendenciaa zrdis tempebis Sefasebisas wina welTan

SedarebiT, ase ofisis aRWurvilobis zrdis tempebi gnsakuTrebiT maRa-

lia 2011-2012 wlebSi da Seadgens: 2011 wels _ 264%, 2012 wels _ 292%,

maSin rodesac satransporto saSualebebis igive maCvenebeli Seadgens

2011 wels _ 99% da 2012 wels _ 112% (ix.cxrili 2.12, diagrama 2.7).

cxrili 2.12

ZiriTadi saSualebis zrdis tempebi wina welTan SedarebiT (Sefaseba sabalanso

RirebulebiT)

ZiriTadi

saSualebebi

2009 weli

(lari)

2010 weli 2011 weli 2012 weli

lari

zrdis

tempi

%

lari

zrdis

tempi

%

lari

zrdis

tempi

%

miwis na-

kveTebi6,201,254.00 15,185,877.00 244,88 15,379,932.00 101,28 16,872,773.00 109,71

daumTavre-

beli mSeneb-

lobebi

35,120,723.27 34,946,751.51 99,50 35,894,977.94 102,71 35,874,984.80 99,94

ZiriTadi

saSualeba

sawyobSi

4,576,075.67 4,574,469.18 99,96 4,554,965.17 99,57 4,544,682.29 99,77

Senobebi 1,952,683.69 10,815,785.11 553,89 15,556,108.78 143,83 17,561,589.73 112,89

80

nagebobebi 196,625,910.48 196,526,918.12 99,95 226,881,697.95 115,45 224,184,693.36 98,81

manqana-da-

nadgarebi9,255,084.22 9,574,343.50 103,45 8,911,971.06 93,08 8,029,922.15 90,10

transporti 110,227,776.38 105,509,537.20 95,72 104,137,889.08 98,70 117,068,795.56 112,42

ofisis aR-

Wurviloba851,860.28 557,936.49 65,50 1,471,119.90 263,67 4,301,440.27 292,39

aveji da sxva

inventari609,610.11 395,633.15 64,90 525,880.48 132,92 405,672.12 77,14

sxva da sxva 10,198.37 68,103.84 667,79 53,095.36 77,96 47,018.70 88,56

365,431,176.47 378,155,355.10 103,48 413,367,637.72 109,31 428,891,571.98 103,76

cxrili 2.12 (gagrZeleba)

ZiriTadi saSualebebi

2013 weli 2014 weli

larizrdis tempi

%lari

zrdis

tempi %

miwis nakveTebi 21,228,932.32 125,82 21,228,932.32 100

daumTavrebeli mSeneblobebi 36,530,806.41 101,83 39,242,202.16 107,42

ZiriTadi saSualeba sawyobSi 4,543,326.21 99,97 4,434,421.67 97,60

Senobebi 18,551,162.63 105,63 18,387,484.89 99,12

nagebobebi 222,115,126.68 99,08 219,491,439.63 98,82

manqana-danadgarebi 7,782,263.79 96,92 7,548,799.19 97,00

transporti 118,539,183.70 101,26 118,936,098.15 100,33

ofisis aRWurviloba 4,148,586.27 96,45 3,305,451.15 79,68

aveji da sxva inventari 361,737.92 89,17 419,364.46 115,93

sxva da sxva 19,525.31 41,53 98,334.70 503,63

433,820,651.24 101,15 433,092,528.32 99,83

81

diagrama 2.7

Tsk-s ZiriTadi saSualebebis zrdis tempebi wina welTan SedarebiT

zrdis tempebis Sefaseba pirvandeli Rirebulebis safuZvelze ar cv-

lis zogad tendencias, kvlav ofisis aRWurvilobisa da avejis zrdis

tempebi gacilebiT maRalia, vidre manqana-danadgarebisa da satranspoe-

ro saSualebebisa (ix.danarTi cxrili 1,2). ZiriTadi saSualebebis matebis

koeficientebi warmodgenilia danarTSi (ix. danarTi, cxrili 3,4).

• ganaxlebisa da gasvlis koeficientebi

ZiriTadi saSualebebis moZraobis analizis erT-erTi amocanaa maTi

ganaxlebisa da gasvlis Seswavla, rac xasiaTdeba ganaxlebisa da gasvlis

koeficientebiT. saanalizo periodSi ganaxleba permanentulad xdebo-

da ZiriTadi saSualebebis pasiur naSilSi, Sesabamisad maRalia maTi ga-

naxlebis koeficientebi da piriqiT _ dabalia aqtiuri nawilis. Tsk-s

ZiriTadi saSualebebis ganaxlebis da gasvlis koeficientebi ZiriTadi

saSualebebis saxeebisa da wlebis mixedviT warmodgenilia Sesabamis cx-

rilebSi (cxrili 2.13-2.17).

82

cxrili 2.13

ZiriTadi saSualebebis saxeebis mixedviT 2010 wlis ganaxlebisa da gasvlis

koeficientebi

ZiriTadi

saSual

e-

bebi

2009 w

el

i (l

ari)

2010 w

el

i (l

ari)

ganax-

lebis

koefici-

enti

gasv-

lis

koefi-

ci

enti

naSTi

cvaTa

naSTi

Semosvl

agasvl

acveTis

xarji

naSTi

miwis n

a-

kveTebi

6,2

01,2

54.0

06,2

01,2

54.0

012,6

70,8

23.0

03,6

86,2

00.0

015,1

85,8

77.0

00.8

30.5

9

daumTavre-

bel

i m

Sene-

bl

obebi

35,1

20,7

23.2

735,1

20,7

23.2

78,0

88,7

45.1

08,2

62,7

16.8

634,9

46,7

51.5

10.2

30.2

4

ZiriTadi

saSual

ebe-

bi s

awyobSi

4,5

76,0

75.6

74,5

76,0

75.6

77,9

50.0

09,5

56.4

94,5

74,4

69.1

80.0

00.0

0

Senobebi

3,3

73,5

55.2

5(1

,420,8

71.5

6)

1,9

52,6

83.6

99,4

71,6

78.6

7441,9

90.0

0166,5

87.2

510,8

15,7

85.1

10.8

80.1

3

nagebobebi

253,4

34,8

88.8

0(5

6,8

08,9

78.3

2)

196,6

25,9

10.4

82,9

16,7

39.9

116,9

60.0

02,9

98,7

72.2

7196,5

26,9

18.1

20.0

10.0

0

manqana-d

a-

nadgarebi

31,6

56,7

14.2

7(2

2,4

01,6

30.0

5)

9,2

55,0

84.2

21,6

23,2

23.8

42,9

99.9

11,3

00,9

64.6

59,5

74,3

43.5

00.1

70.0

0

transpor-

ti

178,7

68,4

99.5

5(6

8,5

40,7

23.1

7)

110,2

27,7

76.3

87,9

49,3

85.3

64,0

84,0

23.3

08,5

83,6

01.2

4105,5

09,5

37.2

0.0

80.0

2

ofisis

aRWurvi-

loba

1,8

27,8

41.8

8(9

75,9

81.6

0)

851,8

60.2

8369,3

70.6

4-

663,2

94.4

3557,9

36.4

90.6

60.0

0

aveji d

a

sxva i

nven-

tari

1,3

70,7

32.3

0(7

61,1

22.1

9)

609,6

10.1

1147,0

84.3

7-

361,0

61.3

3395,6

33.1

50.3

70.0

0

sxva d

a

sxva

14,7

85.8

2(4

,587.4

5)

10,1

98.3

7106,9

10.6

6-

49,0

05.1

968,1

03.8

41.5

70.0

0

51

6,3

45

,07

0.8

1(1

50,9

13,8

94.3

4)

36

5,4

31

,17

6.4

74

3,3

51

,91

1.5

51

6,5

04

,44

6.5

61

4,1

23

,28

6.3

637

8,15

5,35

5.10

0.1

10

.03

83

cxrili 2.14


koeficientebi

ZiriTadi s

a-

Sual

ebebi

sawyisi n

aSTi

Semosvl

agasvl

acve

Ta

saboloo naSTi

ganax-

lebis

koefi-

cienti

gasv-

lis

koefi-

cienti

miwis n

akveTebi

15,1

85,8

77.0

0233,0

70.0

039,015.00

15,379,932.00

0.0

20.0

0

daumTavrebel

i

mSenebl

obebi

34,9

46,7

51.5

12,0

44,3

72.2

61,096,145.83

35,894,977.94

0.0

60.0

3

ZiriTadi s

a-

Sual

ebebi

sawyobSi

4,5

74,4

69.1

869,7

80.2

389,284.24

4,554,965.17

0.0

20.0

2

Senobebi

10,8

15,7

85.1

15,0

40,7

32.1

0-

300,408.43

15,556,108.78

0.3

2-

nagebobebi

196,5

26,9

18.1

247,2

68,0

24.2

016,721,714.19

191,530.18

226,881,697.95

0.2

10.0

9

manqana-d

anad-

garebi

9,5

74,3

43.5

0613,6

25.0

3209,548.43

1,066,449.04

8,911,971.06

0.0

70.0

2

transporti

105,5

09,5

37.2

08,4

79,5

55.8

51,835,778.30

8,015,425.67

104,137,889.08

0.0

80.0

2

ofisis a

RWurvi-

loba

557,9

36.4

91,3

71,1

87.4

32,280.23

455,723.79

1,471,119.90

0,9

30.0

0

aveji d

a s

xva

inventari

395,6

33.1

5455,3

02.0

46,687.66

318,367.05

525,880.48

0.8

70.0

2

sxva d

a s

xva

68,1

03.8

466,1

21.0

6-

81,129.54

53,095.36

1.2

5-

3

78

,15

5,3

55

.10

65,6

41,7

70.2

020,000,453.88

10,429,033.70

413,

367,

637.

720.1

60.0

5

84

cxrili 2.15


koeficientebi (lari)

ZiriTadi s

aSual

ebebi

sawyisi n

aSTi

Semosvl

agasvl

acveTa

sabol

oo n

aS-

Ti

ganax-

lebis

koefici-

enti

gasv-

lis

koefi-

cienti

miwis n

akveTebi

15,3

79,9

32.0

01,4

92,8

41.0

0-

16,8

72,7

73.0

00.0

90.0

0

daumTavrebel

i m

Seneb-

lobebi

35,8

94,9

77.9

42,5

91,2

79.0

52,6

11,2

72.1

935,8

74,9

84.8

00.0

70.0

7

ZiriTadi s

aSual

ebebi

sawyobSi

4,5

54,9

65.1

727,8

11.6

238,0

94.5

04,5

44,6

82.2

90.0

10.0

1

Senobebi

15,5

56,1

08.7

82,6

19,2

77.4

5519,7

37.6

894,058.82

17,5

61,5

89.7

30.1

50.0

3

nagebobebi

226,8

81,6

97.9

5253,5

77.2

731,9

61.3

92,918,620.47

224,1

84,6

93.3

60.0

00.0

0

manqana-d

anadgarebi

8,9

11,9

71.0

6236,9

81.8

0486,6

39.5

7632,391.14

8,0

29,9

22.1

50.0

30.0

5

transporti

104,1

37,8

89.0

822,6

22,4

42.8

3222,1

05.8

59,469,430.50

117,0

68,7

95.5

60.1

90.0

0

ofisis a

RWurvil

oba

1,4

71,1

19.9

03,9

79,7

87.1

746,7

19.0

01,102,747.80

4,3

01,4

40.2

70.9

30.0

3

aveji d

a s

xva i

nventari

525,8

80.4

8220,9

65.3

71,9

73.9

1339,199.82

405,6

72.1

20.5

40.0

0

sxva d

a s

xva

53,0

95.3

658,8

28.3

7-

64,905.03

47,0

18.7

01.2

50.0

0

41

3,3

67

,63

7.7

234,1

03,7

91.9

33,9

58,5

04.0

914,621,353.58

42

8,8

91

,57

1.9

80.0

80.0

1

85

cxrili 2.16



ZiriTadi s

aSual

e-

bebi

sawyisi n

aSTi

Semosvl

agasvl

acveTa

sabol

oo

naSTi

ganax-

lebis

koefici-

enti

gasvl

is

koefi-

cienti

miwis n

akveTebi

16,8

72,7

73.0

04,3

70,2

34.0

014074.6

821,2

28,9

32.3

20.2

10.0

0

daumTavrebel

i m

Sen-

ebl

obebi

35,8

74,9

84.8

02,7

27,4

00.8

12,0

71,5

79.2

036,5

30,8

06.4

10.0

70.0

6

ZiriTadi s

aSual

ebe-

bi s

awyobSi

4,5

44,6

82.2

9752.6

22,1

08,7

04,5

43,3

26.2

10.0

00.0

0

Senobebi

17,5

61,5

89.7

31,4

42,6

82.3

4174,8

71.4

4278,2

38.0

018,5

51,1

62.6

30.0

80.0

1

nagebobebi

224,1

84,6

93.3

6973,9

70.9

9237,5

48.0

02,8

05,9

89.6

7222,1

15,1

26.6

80.0

00.0

0

manqana-d

anadgarebi

8,0

29,9

22.1

5727,4

16.3

9156,1

53.5

5818,9

21.2

07,7

82,2

63.7

90.0

90.0

2

transporti

117,0

68,7

95.5

611,2

37,8

92.2

921,2

20.0

09,7

46,2

84.1

5118,5

39,1

83.7

00.0

90.0

0

ofisis a

RWurvil

oba

4,3

01,4

40.2

71,3

83,5

24.7

725,8

55.4

91,5

10,5

23.2

84,1

48,5

86.2

70.3

30.0

1

aveji d

a s

xva i

nven-

tari

405,6

72.1

2243,4

03.8

960,6

42.1

3226,6

95.9

6361,7

37.9

20.6

70.1

5

sxva d

a s

xva

47,0

18.7

013,4

56.5

71,7

85.7

739,1

64.1

919,5

25.3

10.6

90.0

4

4

28

,89

1,5

71

.98

23,1

20,7

34.6

72,7

65,8

38.9

615,4

25,8

16.4

54

33

,82

0,6

51

.24

0.0

50.0

1

86

cxrili 2.17



ZiriTadi s

aSual

e-

bebi

sawyisi n

aSTi

Semosvl

agasvl

acveTa

sabol

oo

naSTi

ganax-

lebis

koefici-

enti

gasvl

is

koefi-

cienti

miwis n

akveTebi

21,2

28,9

32.3

2-

-21,2

28,9

32.3

20.0

00.0

0

daumTavrebel

i

mSenebl

obebi

36,5

30,8

06.4

14,5

30,6

00.1

21,8

19,2

04.3

739,2

42,2

02.1

60.1

20.0

5

ZiriTadi s

aSual

e-

bebi s

awyobSi

4,5

43,3

26.2

1-

108,9

04.5

44,4

34,4

21.6

70.0

00.0

2

Senobebi

18,5

51,1

62.6

3192,6

77.1

6-

356,3

54.9

018,3

87,4

84.8

9 0

.01

0.0

0

nagebobebi

222,1

15,1

26.6

8316,0

50.0

5-

2,9

39,7

37.1

0219,4

91,4

39.6

30.0

00.0

0

manqana-d

anadgare-

bi

7,7

82,2

63.7

9760,1

51.2

2849,6

15.9

5143,9

99.8

77,5

48,7

99.1

90.1

00.1

1

transporti

118,5

39,1

83.7

010,9

32,8

34.9

8343,5

71.6

810,1

92,3

48.8

5118,9

36,0

98.1

50.0

90.0

0

ofisis a

RWurvi-

loba

4,1

48,5

86.2

7421,3

22.1

6241,5

35.9

11,0

22,9

21.3

73,3

05,4

51.1

50.1

30.0

6

aveji d

a s

xva i

n-

ventari

361,7

37.9

2322,9

90.2

099,2

04.0

4166,1

59.6

2419,3

64.4

60.7

70.2

7

sxva d

a s

xva

19,5

25.3

1125,3

15.2

09,4

45.7

037,0

60.1

198,3

34.7

01.2

70.4

8

4

33

,82

0,6

51

.24

17,6

01,9

41.0

93,4

71,4

82.1

914,8

58,5

81.8

24

33

,09

2,5

28

.32

0.0

40.0

1

87

ganaxlebis koeficientebi ase gamoiyureba (ix. cxrili 2.18 _ amonar-

idi 2.13-2.17 cxrilian):

cxrili 2.18

Tsk-s ZiriTadi saSualebebis aqtiuri da pasiuri nawilis ganaxlebis koeficientebi

ZiriTadi saSualebebi 2010w. 2011w. 2012w. 2013w. 2014w.

pasiuri nawili:

miwis nakveTebi 0.83 0.02 0.09 0.21 0.00

daumTavrebeli mSeneblobebi 0.23 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.12

ZiriTadi saSualebebi sawyobSi 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00

Senobebi 0.88 0.32 0.15 0.08 0.01

nagebobebi 0.01 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00

ofisis aRWurviloba 0.66 0,93 0.93 0.33 0.13

aveji da sxva inventari 0.37 0.87 0.54 0.67 0.77

aqtiuri nawili:

manqana-danadgarebi 0.17 0.07 0.03 0.09 0.10

transporti 0.08 0.08 0.19 0.09 0.09

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, maRalia ZiriTadi saSualebebis pasiuri naw-

ilis ganaxleba da Zalzed dabalia _ aqtiuri nawilis. kerZod, maRalia

ganaxlebis koeficienti Senobebis _ 2010 wels; oficsis aRWurvilobis _

2010,2011 da 2012 wlebSi; avejisa da inventaris _ 2011-2014 wlebSi. up-

recendentod dabalia manqana-danadgarebisa da transportis ganaxleba

(diagrama 2.8).

diagrama 2.8

Tsk-s ZiriTadi saSualebebis aqtiuri da pasiuri nawilis ganaxlebis

koeficientebi

88

ufro detalurad SeviswavleT ZiriTadi saSualebebis calkeuli

saxeebis ganaxlebis sakiTxebi.

transportis ganaxleba saanalizo periodSi sabaziso welTan

SedarebiT xasiaTdeba dabali tempebiT. gamonaklisia 2012 weli, rodesac

ganaxlebis absoluturi ricxvi Seadgens 14,673,057.47 lars, anu 184.58

%, xolo momdevno wlebSi ganaxleba mniSvnelovnad iklebs da 2013 wels

ganaxlebis tempi sabaziso welTan SedarebiT ukve Seadgens 39%, xolo

2014 wels _ 11% (ix.cxrili 2.13-2.17). satransporto saSualebebis ganax-

lebis tempebi sabaziso welTan SedarebiT warmodgenilia 2.19 cxrilSi

(amonaridi 2.13-2.17 cxrilebidan).

cxrili 2.19

Tsk-s satransporto saSualebebis ganaxlebis tempebi sabaziso welTan

SedarebiT

weli ganaxleba (lari)cvlileba sabaziso welTan

SedarebiT (lari)

ganaxlebis

tempebi (%)

2010 7,949,385.36 - -

2011 8,479,555.85 530,170.49 6,67

2012 22,622,442.83 14,673,057.47 184,58

2013 11,237,892.29 3,288,506.93 38,78

2014 10,932,834.98 2,453,279.13 10,84

diagramaze naTlad Cans satransporto saSualebebis ganaxlebis kle-

badi tempebi sabaziso welTan SedarebiT (ix.diagrama 2.9).

diagrama 2.9

Tsk-s satransporto saSualebebis ganaxlebis tempebi sabaziso welTan

SedarebiT

89

Tu satransporto saSualebebis ganaxlebis tempebi sabaziso welTan

SedarebiT klebadi xasiaTisaa, ganaxlebis tempebi wina welTan SedarebiT

maRalia mxolod 2012 wels, rac absolutur ricxvebSi Seadgens 14,142,887

lars, anu 167%. magram, momdevno wlebSi ganaxlebis tempebi uaryofi-

Tia (ix.cxrili 2.13-2.17). satransporto saSualebebis ganaxlebis tempebi

wina welTan SedarebiT warmodgenilia 2.20 cxrilSi.

cxrili 2.20

Tsk-s satransporto saSualebebis ganaxlebis tempebi wina welTan SedarebiT

weli laricvlileba wina welTan

SedarebiT (lari)

ganaxlebis

tempebi (%)

2010 7,949,385.36 - -

2011 8,479,555.85 530,170.49 6,67

2012 22,622,442.83 14,142,886.98 166,79

2013 11,237,892.29 -11,384,550.54 -50,32

2014 10,932,834.98 -305,057.31 -2,71

kerZod, 2013 wels 2012 welTan SedarebiT ganaxleba iklebs TiTqmis

orjer da Tu 2012 wels ganaxlebis absoluturi ricxvi Seadgens

22,622,442.83 lars, 2013 wels es maCvenebeli Seadgens 11,237,892.29 lars,

anu 11,384,45 lariT naklebia, an 50,33%-iT. 2014 wels ganaxleba Seadgenda

10,932,835 lars, rac 2013 welTan SedarebiT 305, 057 lariT naklebia, an

3%-iT (ix. diagrama 2.10).

diagrama 2.10

Tsk-s satransporto saSualebebis ganaxlebis tempebi wina welTan SedarebiT

90

transportis ganaxleba 100% xdeba rekonstruirebisa da modernize-

bis gziT, romelic xorcieldeba an sakuTari ZalebiT an specializire-

buli sawarmoebis mier. 2011-2014 wlebSi rekonstruireba da modern-

izeba ZiriTadad xorcieldeboda gare ZalebiT da misi sidide mTlian

ganaxlebaSi Seadgens: 2011w. _ 86%; 2012w. _ 89%; 2013w. _ 80%; 2014w. _

86% (ix.cxrili 2.21).

cxrili 2.21

Tsk-s transportis ganaxlebis gzebi

weli

rekonstruireba sakuTari ZalebiT rekonstruireba gareSe ZalebiT

lari % lari %

2010 7,873,495.36 99,05 75,890.00 0,95

2011 1,223,473.80 14,43 7,256,082.05 85,57

2012 2,426,838.35 10,73 20,195,604.48 89,27

2013 2,240,277.30 19,94 8,997,614.99 80,06

2014 1,587,016.40 14,52 9,345,818.58 85,48

manqana-danadgarebis ganaxleba saanalizo periodSi yovelwliurad

mcirdeba sabazoso welTan SedarebiT da amdenad ganaxlebis tempebi

mTel saanalizo periodSi uaryofiTia. kerZod, 2011 wels ganaxleba

Semcirda 1,009,598.81 lariT, anu 62.20%; 2012 wels _ 1,386,242.04 lariT,

anu 85.40%; 2013 wels _ 895,807.45 lariT, anu 55.19%, xolo 2014 wels _

863,072.62 lariT, anu 53.17% (ix.cxrili 2.22).

cxrili 2.22

Tsk-s manqana-danadgarebis ganaxlebis tempebi sabaziso welTan SedarebiT

weli ganaxleba (lari)cvlileba sabaziso welTan

SedarebiT (lari)

ganaxlebis tempebi

(%)

2010 1,623,223.84 - -

2011 613,625.03 -1,009,598.81 -62,20

2012 236,981.80 -1,386,242.04 -85,40

2013 727,416.39 -895,807.45 -55,19

2014 760,151.22 -863,072.62 -53,17

91

diagrama 2.11

Tsk-s manqana-danadgarebis ganaxlebis tempebi sabaziso welTan SedarebiT

manqana-danadgarebis ganaxlebis tempebi wina welTan SedarebiT war-

modgenilia 2.23 cxrilSi.

cxrili 2.23

Tsk-s manqana-danadgarebis ganaxlebis tempebi wina welTan SedarebiT

weliganaxleba

(lari)

cvlileba wina welTan

SedarebiT (lari)

ganaxlebis

tempi (%)

2010 1,623,223.84 -

2011 613,625.03 -1,009,598.81 -62,20

2012 236,981.80 -376,643.23 -61,38

2013 727,416.39 490,434.59 206,95

2014 760,151.22 32,734.83 4,50

rogorc cxrilidan Cans, 2011 da 2012 wlebSi ganaxleba uaryofiTia,

xolo momdevno wlebSi dadebiTia. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia 2013 weli,

rodesac ganaxlebis tempma wina welTan SedarebiT Seadgina 207%. mar-

Talia, es maCvenebeli momdevno wels (2014w.) mniSvnelovnad Semcirda da

Seadgina mxolod 5%.

92

diagrama 2.12

Tsk-s manqana-danadgarebis ganaxlebis tempebi wina welTan SedarebiT

ganaxleba ZiriTadad xdeboda rekonstruirebisa da modernizebis

gziT.

nagebobebis ganaxleba sabaziso welTan SedarebiT, 2011 wlis garda,

yvela wels uaryofiTia, rac SeiZleba imiT aixsnas, rom 2011 wels ganx-

orcielda 44,351,284 laris ganaxleba, rac momdevno wlebSi, aseTi moc-

ulobiT ver ganxorcieldeboda (ix. cxrili 2.24).

cxrili 2.24

Tsk-s nagebobebis ganaxlebis tempebi sabaziso welTan SedarebiT

weliganaxleba

(lari)

cvlileba sabaziso welTan

SedarebiT (lari)

ganaxlebis

tempebi (%)

2010 2,916,739.91 - -

2011 47,268,024.00 44,351,284.09 1,520,58

2012 253,577.27 -2,663,162.64 -6

2013 973,970.99 -1,942,768.92 -766

2014 316,050.05 -2,600,689.86 -267

93

diagrama 2.13

Tsk-s nagebobebis ganaxlebis tempebi sabaziso welTan SedarebiT

nagebobebis ganaxlebis tempebi wina welTan SedarebiT uprecedentod

maRalia 2011 wels da absolutur ricxvebSi Seadgens 47,268,024 lars,

rac 44,351,284 lariT metia sabaziso welTan SedarebiT, anu 1,520.58 %.

2012 da 2014 wlebSi zrdis tempi uaryofiTia da Seadgens 99% da 68%,

Sesabami sad. dadebiTia ganaxlebis tempi wila welTan SedarebiT mxolod

213 wels da Seadgens 284% (ix.cxrili 2.25).

cxrili 2.25

Tsk-s nagebobebis ganaxlebis tempebi wina welTan SedarebiT

welimateba

(lari)

cvlileba sabaziso

welTan SedarebiT

(lari)

ganaxlebis tempebi

(%)

2010 2,916,739.91

2011 47,268,024.00 44,351,284.09 1,521

2012 253,577.27 -47,014,446.73 -99,46

2013 973,970.99 720,393.72 284

2014 316,050.05 -657,920.94 -68

94

diagrama 2.14

Tsk-s nagebobebis ganaxlebis tempebi wina welTan SedarebiT

nagebobebis ganaxleba saanalizo periodSi ZiriTadad rekonstru-

ireba-modernizebisa da meriis mier kapitalis zrdiT xdeboda.

ZiriTadi saSualebebis saxeebis da wlebis mixedviT gasvlis koefici-

entebi saanalizo periodSi ase gamoiyureba (ix.cxrili 2.26).

cxrili 2.26

Tsk-s ZiriTadi saSualebebis saxeebis da wlebis mixedviT gasvlis koeficientebi

ZiriTadi saSualebebi 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

miwis nakveTebi 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

daumTavrebeli mSeneblobebi 0.24 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.05

ZiriTadi saSualebebi sawyobSi 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02

Senobebi 0.13 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.00

nagebobebi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

manqana-danadgarebi 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.11

transporti 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ofisis aRWurviloba 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.06

aveji da sxva inventari 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.27

sxva da sxva 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.48

sul 0,03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

95

ZiriTadi saSualebebis gasvlis koeficientebi dabalia. nagebobebis,

satransporto saSualebebisa da manqana-danadgarebis gasvlis ZiriTadi

mizezi aris gadacema kapitalur remontze an amoReba kapitalidan (ix.

cxrili 2.27 -2.29).

cxrili 2.27

Tsk-s transportis gasvla wlebisa da gasvlis mimarTulebebis mixedviT

weli gasvla sul

maT Soris

amoReba

kapitalidan

gadacema

rekonstruirebaze

lari % lari %

2010 4,084,023.30 692,053.18 16,95 3,391,970.12 83,05

2011 1,835,778.30 1,315,213.11 71,64 520,565.19 28,36

2012 222,105.85 57,739.08 26,00 164,366.77 74,00

2013 21,220.00 5,310.34 25,03 15,909.66 74,97

2014 343,571.68 232,799.18 67,76 110,772.50 32,24

cxrili 2.28

Tsk-s manqana-danadgarebis gasvla wlebisa da gasvlis mimarTulebebis mixedviT

weli gasvla sul

maT Soria

gadacema gadacema

rekonstruirebazeamoReba kapitalidan

lari % lari %

2010 2,999.91 2,999.91 100 - -

2011 209,548.43 42,641.12 20,35 166,907.31 79,7

2012 486,639.57 86,847.62 17,85 399,791.95 82,15

2013 156,153.55 16,669.92 10,68 139,483.63 89,32

2014 849,615.95 111,036.50 13,07 738,579.45 86,93

96

cxrili 2.29

Tsk-s nagebobebis gasvla wlebisa da gasvlis mimarTulebebis mixedviT

weligasvla

sul

maT Soris

amoReba kapitalidan gadacema rekonstruirebaze

lari % lari %

2010 16,960.00 16,960.00 100

2011 16,721,714.29 16,721,714.29 100

2012 31,961.39 30,435.00 95,22 1,526.39 4,78

2013 237,548.00 235,401.77 99,01 2,146.23 0,90

2014 316,050.05 316,050.05 100

ZiriTadi saSualebebis teqnikuri mdgomareobis analizi

ZiriTadi saSualebebis teqnikuri mdgomareoba xasiaTdeba vargi-

sianobisa da cveTis koeficientebiT, aseve asakobrivi SemadgenlobiT.

vargisianobis koeficienti asaxavs ZiriTadi saSualeebis vargisianobas,

xolo cveTis koeficienti asaxavs aqtivebis Rirebulebis gaweuli momsax-

urebaze gadatanil (xarjad aRiarebulis) nawils.

cxrilis monacemenidan (ix. cxrili 2.30) Cans, rom ZiriTadi saSuale-

bebis pasiuri nawilis vargisianobis koeficienti sakmaod maRalia _ sa-

Sualod 0.76-0.9 da yovelwliurad izrdeba. es faqti dakavSirebulia

maT mudmiv modernozacia-rekonstruqciasTan (ix.cxrili 2.30).

cxrili 2.30

ZiriTadi saSualebebis vargisianobisa (R v) da cveTis koeficientebi (Rcv.) wlis

bolos

ZiriTadi

saSualebebi

2010 weli 2011 weli 2012 weli 2013 weli 2014 weli

R v R cv. R v R cv. R v R cv. R v R cv. R v R cv.

Senobebi 0.87 0.13 0.89 0.11 0.90 0.10 0.89 0.11 0.88 0.12

nagebobebi 0.77 0.23 0.79 0.21 0.78 0.22 0.77 0.23 0.76 0.24

manqana-da-

nadgarebi0.29 0.71 0.26 0.74 0.24 0.76 0.23 0.77 0.22 0.78

transporti 0.58 0.42 0.55 0.45 0.55 0.45 0.53 0.47 0.51 0.49

ofisis aR-

Wurviloba0.25 0.75 0.41 0.59 0.57 0.43 0.47 0.53 0.37 0.63

aveji da sxva

inventari0.26 0.74 0.27 0.73 0.19 0.81 0.15 0.85 0.16 0.84

sxva da sxva 0.56 0.44 0.28 0.72 0.19 0.81 0.08 0.92 0.81 0.19

0.70 0.30 0.70 0.30 0.69 0.31 0.68 0.32 0.66 0.34

97

manqana-danadgarebis da satransporto saSualebebis cveTis koefi-

cienti saanalizo periodSi ganuxrelad izrdeba da Sesabamisad mcirdeba

vargisianobis koeficienti. analogiurad, avejisa da inventaris jgufSi

yovelwliurad mcirdeba vargisianobis koeficienti. ofisis aRWurvi-

lobaSi vargisianobis koeficienti maRalia 2012-2013 wlebSi.

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, Tsk cveTas aricxavs sagadasaxado normebiT

(da ara aqtivebis mier ekonomikuri sargeblis motanis unaris, moral-

uri mdgomareobisa da sxva saTanado faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT),

Sesabamisad aqtivebis sabalanso Rirebuleba ar iZleva maTi mdgomareo-

bis obieqtur suraTs. kerZod, sagadasaxado kodeqsis normebiT, romelic

dabalia, gansazRvruli aqtivebis sabalanso Rirebuleba ar Seesabameba

maT realur Rirebulebas. amdenad, sabalanso monacemebis safuZvelze

gansazRvruli koeficientebi ver iqneba saimedo (vargisioanobis, ganax-

lebis, matebis). cveTis daricxva rom ganxorcielebuliyo fass-is moTx-

ovnebis Sesabamisad, dagrovili cveTis Tanxa iqneboda ufro didi da

Sesabamisad cveTis koeficientic.

avtoparkis raodenobrivi Semadgenloba wlebis mixedviT Semdegia

(ix.cxrili 2.31):

cxrili 2.31

avtoparkis raodenobrivi Semadgenloba

parkis Semadgenloba 2011w. 2012w. 2013w. 2014w.

avtobusi, sul: 687 686 685 683

m.S. _ bogdani A092 (21 adgili) 538 537 537 531

bogdani A1445 (31 adgili) 149 149 148 149

avtoparkis asakobrivi struqturis SeswavliT irkveva, rom arse-

buli avtoparkis 55% gamoSvebulia 2007 wels, xolo Tsk-s sakuTrebaSi

gadaeca 2009 wlidan (ix.cxrili 2.32).

98

cxrili 2.32

saanalizo periodSi gamoyenebuli avtoparkis asakobrivi struqtura da

sabalanso Rirebuleba 2014 wlis bolosaTvis

gamoSvebis weli raodenoba Rirebuleba xv. wili (%)

1979 1 23,204 0,15

1982 1 3,338 0,15

1999 1 15,734 0,15

2003 1 13,861 0,15

2005 88 529,126 12,88

2006 59 564,166 8,64

2007 376 4,120,520 55,05

2008 156 4,109,128 22,84

683 9,379,077 100,00

avtoparkis vargisianobis koeficienti 0.26 da cveTis 0.74, rac mian-

iSnebs, rom avtobusebis moraluri (ar iReba fanjrebi, ar aris kondi-

cionireba) da fizikuri mdgomareoba savalaloa (ix.cxrili 2.33).

cxrili 2.33

avtoparkis vargisianobisa da cveTis koeficientebi 2014 wlis mdgomareobiT

gamoSvebis

weliTviTRirebuleba dgrovili cveTa

sabalanso

RirebulebaK v K cv.

2005 2,057,364.12 1,528,238.12 529,126 0.26 0.74

2006 2,131,718.68 1,567,552.68 564,166 0.26 0.74

2007 15,756,859.86 11,636,339.86 4,120,520 0.26 0.74

2008 15,836,525.46 11,727,397.46 4,109,128 0.26 0.74

35,782,468.12 26,403,391.12 9,379,077 0.26 0.74

ZiriTadi saualebebis moZravi Semadgenlobis gamoyenebis analizi

gamoyenebis naturaluri maCveneblebi

ZiriTadi saSualebebis gamoyeneba xasiaTdeba naturaluri da

RirebulebiTi maCveneblebiT. avtotransportis saqmianobis naturalu-

ri maCveneblebia:

• gavlili manZili;

• mgzavrTa nakadi;

• gamoyenebis koeficienti;

• xazebis sruli wliuri brunis ricxvi („gatexili sagzurebi“) .

99

avtobusebis mier gavlili manZili xasiaTdeba zrdis tempebiT, garda

2014 wlisa (ix.cxrili 2.34)

cxrili 2.34

avtobusebis mier mgzavrTa momsaxurebisaTvis gavlili manZili (mln. km)

welikilometri

(km.)

cvlilebebi wina welTan

km. matebis tempi ( %)

2011 37,538,168 - -

2012 38,191,951 653,783 1,75

2013 39,945,680 1,753,729 4,60

2014 39,874,884 -70,796 -0,18

avtobusebis xazebis saerTo sigrZe da gavlili manZili gansazRvravs

avtotransportis saqmianobis erT-erT umTavres maCvenebels _ mgzavrTa

nakads (ix.cxrili 2.35).

cxrili 2.35

avtobusebiT mgzavrTa nakadi

weli kaci

cvlileba wina welTan

SedarebiT

cvlileba sabaziso welTan

SedarebiT

cvlileba

(kaci)

matebis tempe-

bi (%)cvlileba (kaci)

matebis tempebi

(%)

2009 56,900,000 - - - -

2010 62,250,243.00 5,350,243 9,40 - -

2011 66,107,478.00 3,857,235 6,20 3,857,235.00 6,20

2012 69,463,355.00 3,355,877 5,08 7,213,112.00 10,91

2013 105,763,914.00 36,300,559 52,26 39,656,436.00 57,09

2014 121,261,393.00 15,497,479 14,65 51,798,038.00 48,98

100

diagrama 2.15

avtotransportiT mgzavrTa nakadi sabaziso welTan SedarebiT

yovelwliurad izrdeboda da 2013 wels matebis tempma Seadgina 57%,

xolo 2014 wels 49%. wlebis mixedviT mgzavrTa nakadis sidide ar iyi

Tanabari da Tu 2013 wels 2012 welTan SedarebiT matebis tempi Seadgenda

52%, 2014 wels 2013 welTan SedarebiT iyo mxolod 15%-iani mateba.

mgzavrTa nakads gansazRvravs avtoparkis gamoyeneba. saanalizo pe-

riodSi gamoyenebis dagegmili koeficienti dabalia da saanalizo peri-

odSi saSualod Seadgens 0.65 (ix.cxrili 2.36). sxvagvarad, dagegmili iyo

arsebuli avtomanqanebis 65% gamoyeneba.

cxrili 2.36

ricxuli da momuSave avtobusebi

weliricxuli avtomanqanebis

raodenoba

gegmiT momuSave avto-

manqanebis raodenoba

gegmuri gamoyenebis

koeficienti

2011 687 431 0.63

2012 686 430 0.63

2013 685 455 0.66

2014 683 458 0.67

magram, yvela wels faqtobrivad gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulze meti av-

tobusi muSaobda, gansakuTrebiT 2014 wels _ 20,5%-iT da Sedegad gamoy-

enebis faqtobrivi koeficienti Seadgens saSualod 0.72-0.73 (ix.cxrili

2.37).

101

q. Tbilisis municipalitetis sakrebulos 2014 wlis 12 dekembris

#17-48 dadgenilebis Tanaxmad, avtobusebis maqsimaluri raodenoba

samuSao dReebSi unda Seadgendes 580 avtobuss, xolo minimaluri 474

avtobuss. anu, 2015 wlidan iqneba gamoyenebuli arsebuli avtoparkis

saSualod 85%.

cxrili 2.37

ricxuli, gegmiT da faqtobrivad momuSave avtobusebis ricxvi

weli

avtomanqanebis raodenoba

ricxu-

li

gegmiT

momuSave

faqtiurad mo-

muSave

gegmis

Sesruleba (%)

faqtobrivi gam-

oyenebis koefi-

cienti

2011 687 431 463 107,4 0.67

2012 686 430 477 110,9 0.69

2013 685 455 503 110,5 0.73

2014 683 458 552 120,5 0.81

diagrama 2.16

avtobusebis gamoyenebis koeficientebi (%)

imis miuxedavad, rom saanalizo periodSi yovelwliurad izrde-

boda xazebis saerTo sigrZe, gavlili manZili, avtoparkis gamoyenebis

koeficientebi, xazebis sruli wliuri brunvis ricxvis zrdis tempebi

uaryofiTia 2012, 2014 wlebSi (ix.cxrili 2.38).

102

cxrili 2.38

xazis sruli wliuri brunis ricxvi

weli brunvis ricxvicvlileba wina welTan

SedarebiT

matebis tempi wina welTan

SedarebiT (%)

2011 1,466,629

2012 1,460,901 -5,728 -0,39

2013 1,525,129 64,228 4,40

2014 1,515,893 -9,236 -0,61

brunis ricxvis Seusrulebloba gamoixateba e.w. „gatexili sagzure-

biT“, anu marSrutis (reisis) dausruleblobaSi, risi ZiriTadi mizezia

avtotransportis gaumarTaoba. saanalizo periodSi gatexili sagzure-

bis sidide yovelwliurad izrdeba da Seadgens 2011 wels sagzurebis 7%,

2012 da wels _ 9%, 2014 wlisaTvis es maCvenebeli aRwevs 13%, anu TiTqmis

2-jer gaizarda 2011 welTan SedarebiT. marTalia, Tu saanalizo peri-

odis pirvel wlebSi gatexili sagzurebidan mxolod 45% brundeboda

marSrutze, 2014 wels _ 62%, danarCeni danaklisi ivseba rezervidan (ix.

cxrili 2.39).

cxrili 2.39

gatexili sagzurebi

weli

sul

sagzu-

ri

aqedan gatexili sagzurebi gatexilidan marSrutze dabrunebuli

raodenobasaSualod

dReSi%

marSrutze

dabrunebuli

saSualod

dReSi%

2011 165,885 12,282 34 7,40 5,509 15 44,85

2012 168,479 14,911 41 8,85 6,723 18 45,09

2013 180,238 16,912 46 9,38 8,187 22 48,41

2014 182,356 23,251 64 12,75 14,297 39 61,49


gatexili sagzuris rezer-

viT Canacvlebulibrunebis danaklisi

Semosulebze

gaxsnili

rezervis asfraode-

noba

saSu-

alod

dReSi

%raode-

noba

saSu-

alod

dReSi

% gatexil

sagzurebSi

% mTlian

gegmaSi

6,773 19 55,15 14,165.50 39 0,13 0.009 0

8,188 22 54,91 17,333.00 47 0,37 0.012 531.00

8,725 24 51,59 19,180.00 53 0,12 0.012 3,826.00

8,954 25 38,51 32,048.40 88 0,15 0.020 4,548.00

103

diagrama 2.17

sagzurebis raodenobis dinamika absolutur ricxvebSi

gatexili sagzurebis raodenoba yovelwliurad izrdeba (ix.diagrama 2.18) .

diagrama 2.18

გატეხილი საგზურების დინამიკაგატეხილი საგზურების დინამიკა

moZravi Semadgenlobis gamoyeneba

metropolitenis moZravi Semadgenlobis mier namuSevari saaTebis

raodenoba sabaziso welTan SedarebiT yovelwliurad izrdeboda. igive

104

maCvenebeli wina wlebTan SedarebiT xasiaTdeba zrdiT, xolo 2014 wels

2013 welTan SedarebiT namuSevari saaTebis absoluturi sidide umniS-

vnelod Semcirda 2,116 saaTiT, an 0.09% naklebi (ix.cxrili 2.40).

cxrili 2.40

metropolitenis moZravi Semadgenlobis mier namuSevari saaTebi

weli namuSevari saaTebi (sT.)cvlileba wina welTan

SedarebiTmatebis tempebi (%)

2011 2,307,981 - -

2012 2,332,268 24,287 1,05

2013 2,480,050 147,782 6,34

2014 2,477,934 -2,116 -0,09

diagrama 2.19

metropolitenis moZravi Semadgenlobis mier namuSevari saaTebi

yovelwliurad izrdeboda modernizebuli vagonebis raodenoba, 2014

wlisaTvis arsebuli vagonebis 85% iqna modernizebuli (ix.cxrili 2.41).

cxrili 2.41

105

metropolitenis moZravi Semadgenlobis parki

parkis

Semadgenloba

2010w. 2011w. 2012w. 2013w. 2014w.

cali % cali % cali % cali % cali %

vagonebi, sul 170 100 170 100 170 100 170 100 170 100

m.S. eqsplu-

ataciaSi 170 100 156 92 155 91 155 91

modernize-

buli 93 55 103 61 117 69 131 76 145 85

namuSevari saaTebisa da teqnikurad gamarTuli vagonebis raode-

nobis zrda uzrunvelyofda mgzavrTa nakadis zrdas. es maCvenebeli

yovelwliurad izrdeboda, rogorc sabaziso welTan, aseve wina welTan

SedarebiT (ix.cxrili 2.42).

cxrili 2.42

metroTi mgzavrTa nakadis dinamika (kaci)

wlebi mln. kacizrdis tempebi (%)


2009 78,451,228 - -

2010 78,919,166 100,60 100,00

2011 85,113,076 107,85 107,85

2012 93,604,934 109,98 118,61

2013 96,226,625 102,80 121,93

2014 98,981,378 102,86 125,42

diagrama 2.20

mgzavrTa nakadis dinamika wina welTan SedarebiT

(%)

106

diagrama 2.21

mgzavrTa nakadis dinamika sabaziso welTan SedarebiT

(%)

gamoyenebis efeqtianobis erT-erTi maCvenebelia fondukugeba da

fondrentabeloba. fondrentabeloba asaxavs ZiriTad saSualebebSi in-

vestirebuli erTi laridan miRebul wminda mogebas. vinaidan kompania

saanalizo periodSi zaralzea, Sesabamisad fondrentabelobac uaryofi-

Tia. es tendencia sabaziso welTan SedarebiT yoveli momdevno wels

mcirdeba da Seadgens (lari): 2010 wels -0.09, 2011 wels -0.03, 2012 wels

-0.02, 2013 wels -0.03, 2014 wels -0.03 (ix.cxrili 2.43).

fondukugeba asaxavs ZiriTad saSualebebSi investirebuli erTi lar-

idan miRebul Semosavals. kompaniis fondukugebis koeficienti dabalia,

magram xasiaTdeba yovelwliurad zrdis mcire tempebiT da Seadgens: 2010

wels _ 0,11; 2011 wels _ 0,12; 2012 wels _ 0,13; 2013 wels _ 0,16; 2014 wels

_ 0,17 (ix.cxrili 2.43). es dadebiTi tendencia ganpirobebulia yovel-

wliurad Semosavlebisa da ZiriTadi saSualebebis Rirebulebis zrdiT.

imisaTvis, rom ufro obieqturi maCveneblebi migveRo fondukugebis

Sesaxeb, fondukugeba gaangariSebulia miwis, sawyobSi da daumTavrebel war-

moebaSi arsebuli ZiriTadi saSualebebis gareSe, anu im aqtivebis gaTvalis-

winebiT, romlebsac realurad moaqvT ekonomikuri sargebeli. am SemTxvevaSic

fondukugebis dinamika igive tendenciisa _ izrdeba (ix.cxrili 2.43).

zogierT amerikel analitikos miaCnia51, rom fondukugebis maCven-

51 Property, Plant, & Equipment (PPE) Turnover. http://www.business-literacy.com/financial-concepts/property-plant-equipment-ppe-turnover/Fixed-Asset Turnover Ratio. http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixed-asset-turnover.asp.

107

ebeli (Property, Plant, & Equipment (PPE) Turnover) unda iqnes gansazRvruli

ZiriTadi saSualebebis sabalanso Rirebulebis safuZvelze. am meTodiT

gaangariSbuli koeficienti, bunebrivia, odnav maRalia da Seadgens: 2010

wels _ 0,14; 2011 wels _ 0,17; 2012 wels _ 0,18; 2013 wels _ 0,23; 2014 wels

_ 0,25 (ix.cxrili 2.44).

cxrili 2.43

fondukugebisa da fondrentabelobis maCveneblebis dinamika -gansazRvruli

saSualowliuri TviTRirebulebiT (lari)

maCveneblebi 2010 weli 2011 weli 2012 weli 2013 weli 2014 weli

1 wminda mogeba -44,932,942.00 -17,004,614.00 -13,334,955.00 -16,888,626.00 -18,719,637.00

2

ZiriTadi sa-

Sualebebis sa-

Sualo wliuri

TviTRirebuleba

(pirvandeli

Rirebuleba)

529,768,803.31 566,013,193.96 03,906,496.04 629,156,587.82 646,399,265.12

3fondrentabelo-

ba (1/2)-0.09 -0.03 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03

4

gaweuli mom-

saxurebis

Rirebuleba

53,805,293.00 65,876,338.00 75,815,717.00 100,147,646.00 109,196,004.00

5

ZiriTadi sa-

Sualebebis sa-

Sualo wliuri

TviTRirebuleba

(pirvandeli

Rirebuleba)

529,768,803.31 566,013,193.96 603,906,496.04 629,156,587.82 646,399,265.12

6 findukugeba (4/5) 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.16 0.17

108

cxrili 2.44

fondukugebis maCveneblebis dinamika _ gansazRvruli sabalanso RirebulebiT

(lari)

maCveneblebi 2010 weli 2011 weli 2012 weli 2013 weli 2014 weli

1

gaweuli

momsax-

urebis

Rirebuleba

53,805,293 65,876,338 75,815,717 100,147,646 109,196,004.00

2

ZiriTadi

saSuale-

bebis saSua-

lo wliuri

sabalanso

Rirebuleba

371,793,265.79 395,761,496.41 421,129,604.85 431,356,111.61 433,456,589.78

3findukugeba

(1/2)0.14 0.17 0.18 0.23 0.25

4

ZiriTadi sa-

Sualebebis

aqtiuri naw-

ilis saSua-

lo wliuri

sabalanso

Rirebuleba

117,283,371 114,066,870 113,558,365 125,710,083 122,628,773

5fondukuge-

ba (1/4)0.4588 0.5775 0.6676 0.7967 0.8905

aRsaniSnavia, rom zrdis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba ZiriTadi saSuale-

bebis aqtiuri nawilis fondukugebac da Seadgens: 2010 wels _ 0.46; 2011

wels _ 0.58; 2012 wels _ 0.67; 2013 wels _ 0.80 da 2014 wels _ 0.89 (ix.

cxrili 2.45).

109

diagrama 2.22

ZiriTadi saSualebebis fondukugebis dinamika

fondukugebis maCvenebeli unda iqnes koreqtirebuli: Semosavali

(Sesrulebuli momsaxurebis Rirebuleba) koreqtirdeba fasebis cvli-

lebiT, xolo ZiriTadi saSualebebis Rirebuleba _ gadafasebis koefi-

cientiT. saTanado informaciis ar qonis gamo var vaxdenT saWiro kore-

qtirebebs.

fondukugebis maCvenebeli damokidebulia or faqtorze: Semosavlebze

(gaweul momsaxurebaze) da ZiriTadi saSualebebis Rirebulebaze:

Tavis mxriv, kompaniis Semosavli damokidebulia ZiriTad saSuale-

bebze da fondukugebaze:

absoluturi sxvaobis xerxiT ganisazRvra ZiriTadi saSualebebis

ori faqtoris gavlena kompaniis Semosavlebis (gaweuli momsaxurebis)

matebis moculobaze (ix.cxrili 2.45-2.46):

• raodenobrivi (eqstensiuri) faqtori _ ZiriTadi saSualebebis

Rirebuleba;

• xarisxobrivi (intensiuri) faqtori _ fondukugeba.

110

cxrili 2.45

monacemebi momsaxurebis moculobaze intensiuri da eqstensiuri faqtorebis

gavlenis analizisaTvis (lari)

maCveneb-

lebi2010 weli

2011 weli 2012 weli

mimdinare

weli

gadaxra

wina welTan

SedarebiT

mimdinare

weli

gadaxra

wina welTan

SedarebiT

gaweuli

momsax-

urebis

Rirebuleba

53,805,293.00 65,876,338.00 12,071,045.00 75,815,717.00 9,939,379.00

ZiriTadi

saSuale-

bebis saSua-

lo wliuri

sabalanso

Rirebuleba

371,793,265.79 395,761,496.41 23,968,230.62 421,129,604.85 25,368,108.44

findukuge-

ba 0,145 0.166 0.022 0.180 0.014


maCveneblebi

2013 weli 2014 weli

mimdinare

weli

gadaxra

wina welTan

SedarebiT

mimdinare

weli

gadax-

ra wina

welTan

SedarebiT

gaweuli momsaxurebis

Rirebuleba100,147,646.00 24,331,929.00 109,196,004.00 9,048,358.00

ZiriTadi saSuale-

bebis saSualo wliuri

TviTRirebuleba (pirvan-

deli Rirebuleba

431,356,111.61 10,226,506.76 433,456,589.78 2,100,478.17

findukugeba 0.232 0.052 0.252 0.020

111

cxrili 2.46

monacemebi momsaxurebis moculobaze ZiriTadi saSualebebis aqtiuri nawilis

intensiuri da eqstensiuri faqtorebis gavlenis analizisaTvis (lari)

maCveneblebi 2010 weli

2011 weli 2012 weli

mimdinare

weli

gadaxra

wina welTan

SedarebiT

mimdinare

weli

gadaxra

wina welTan

SedarebiT

gaweuli momsaxure-

bis Rirebuleba53,805,293.00 65,876,338.00 12,071,045.00 75,815,717.00 9,939,379.00

ZiriTadi saSuale-

bebis aqtiuri

nawilis saSualo

wliuri sabalanso

Rirebuleba

117,283,371 114,066,870 -3,216,500.23 113,558,365 -508,505

findukugeba 0.46 0.58 0.12 0.67 0.09


maCveneblebi

2013 weli 2014 weli

mimdinare

weli

gadaxra

wina welTan

SedarebiT

mimdinare

weli

gadaxra

wina welTan

SedarebiT

gaweuli momsaxurebis

Rirebuleba100,147,646.00 24,331,929.00 9,048,358.00 9,048,358.00

ZiriTadi saSualebebis

aqtiuri nawilis saSu-

alo wliuri sabalanso

Rirebuleba

125,710,083 12,151,717.32 122,628,773.22 -3,081,309.78

findukugeba 0.80 0.13 0.89 0.09

cxrili 2.47

momsaxurebis moculobaze intensiuri da eqstensiuri faqtorebis gavlena

(lari)

weli

momsaxurebis zrda ZiriTadi sa-

Sualebebis moculobis zrdis

Sedegad

momsaxurebis zrda fon-

dukugebis zrdis Sedegad

orive faqto-

ris

saerTo gavlena

2011 23,968,230.62 * 0.145 = 3,468,641.82 395,761,496.41 * 0.022 =

8,602,403.18 12,071,045.00

2012 25,368,108.44 * 0.166 = 4,222,639.38 421,129,604.85 * 0.014 =

5,716,739.60 9,939,379.00

2013 10,226,506.76 * 0.180 = 1,841,072.04431,356,111.61 * 0.52 =

22,490,856.9624,331,929.00

2014 2,100,478.17 * 0,232 = 487,666.54433,456,589.78 * 0.020 =

8,560,691.469,048,358.00

112

Semosavlebis zrda ZiriTadi saSualebebis xarjze (intensiuri

faqtori) gaangariSebulia formuliT:

Semosavlebis zrda fondukugebis xarjze (eqstensiuri faqtori) ga-

iangariSeba formuliT:

saanalizo periodSi momsaxurebis moculobis zrda praqtikulad

iqna uzrunvelyofili fondukugebis zrdis xarjze (ix.cxrili 2.48):

cxrili 2.48

momsaxurebis moculobaze intensiuri da eqstensiuri faqtorebis gavlenis

Sefaseba

weli

momsaxurebis zrda


moculobis zrdis Sedegad



orive faqtoris

saerTo gavlena

lari % lari % lari %

2011 3,468,641.82 29 8,602,403.18 71 12,071,045.00 100

2012 4,222,639.38 42 5,716,739.60 58 9,939,379.00 100

2013 1,841,072.04 8 22,490,856.96 92 24,331,929.00 100

2014 487,666.54 5 8,560,691.46 95 9,048,358.00 100

cxrilis monacemebidan irkveva, rom saanalizo periodSi momsaxure-

bis moculobis zrda praqtikulad uzrunvelyofilia ZiriTadi saSuale-

bebis fondukugebis faqtoriT.

113

diagrama 2.23

momsaxurebis moculobis zrdze moqmedi faqtorebis dinamika (%)

amdenad:

• saanalizo periodi xasiaTdeba fondukugebis zrdis tempebiT;

• momsaxurebis zrda praqtikulad fondukugebis zrdiT (saSual-

od 80%-iT) iqna uzrunvelyofili.

ZiriTadi saSualebebis aqtiuri nawilis fondukugebis analiziT

gairkva, rom saanalizo periodSi momsaxurebis moculobis zrda, garda

2013 wlisa, uzrunvelyofilia ZiriTadi saSualebebis aqtiuri nawilis

fondukugebis zrdiT, maSin rodesac ZiriTadi saSualebebis aqtiuri

nawilis moculoba yovelwliurad mcirdeboda, anu xasiaTdeba uaryofi-

Ti tendenciiT (ix.cxrili 2.49).

cxrili 2.49

momsaxurebis moculobaze intensiuri da eqstensiuri faqtorebis gavlena

(ZiriTadi saSualebebis aqtiuri nawilis gamoyenebiT) (lari)

weli

momsaxurebis zrda ZiriTadi

saSualebebis moculobis

zrdis Sedegad



orive faqtoris

saerTo gavlena

2011 -3,216,500.23 * 0. 46 = -1,475,612 114,066,870 * 0.12 = 13,546,657 12,071,045.00

2012 -508,505.14 * 0.58 = -293,673.85 113,558,365 * 0.09 = 10,233,053 9,939,379.00

2013 12,151,717.32 * 0.67 = 8,112,931 125,710,083 * 0.13 = 16,218,998 24,331,929.00

2014 -3,081,309.78 * 0.80= -2,454,743 122,628,773 * 0.09 = 11,503,101 9,048,358

114

vinaidan ZiriTadi saSualebebis aqtiuri nawilis moculoba yovel-

wliurad Semcirebadia, fondukugebis zrdis gavlena momsaxurebis moc-

ulobis zrdaze, garda 2013 wlisa, aRemateba 100% (ix. cxrili 2.50).

cxrili 2.50

momsaxurebis moculobaze intensiuri da eqstensiuri faqtorebis gavlenis

Sefaseba

(ZiriTadi saSualebebis aqtiuri nawilis gamoyenebiT)

weli

momsaxurebis zrda


moculobis zrdis Sedegad



orive faqtoris

saerTo gavlena

lari % lari % lari %

2011 -1,475,612 -12 13,546,657 112 12,071,045.00 100

2012 -293,673.85 -3 10,233,053 103 9,939,379.00 100

2013 8,112,931 33 16,218,998 67 24,331,929.00 100

2014 -2,454,743 -27 11,503,101 127 9,048,358 100

diagrama 2.24

momsaxurebis moculobis zrdaze moqmedi faqtorebis dinamika ZiriTadi

saSualebebis aqtiuri nawilis gamoyenebiT (%)

115

2.3. ekonomikuri resursebis formirebis wyaroebi

aqtivebis saerTo struqturaSi grZelvadiani aqtivebi, romelTa si-

didec 31.12.2010-Tvis Seadgenda 380,895,134 lars, gaizarda 55,263,481 lar-

iT (zrdis tempma Seadgina 14.51%). 31.12.2014-Tvis maTi sidide Seadgenda

436,158,615 lars, rac qonebis mTliani moculobis 93%-ia.

mimdinare aqtivebis sidide 31.12.2010-Tvis Seadgenda 20,056,610 lars

da gaizarda 11,565,657 lariT, Sesabamisad, zrdis tempma Seadgina 57,67% da

31.12.2014-Tvis aqtivebis zrdam Seadgina 31 622 ,267 lari (qonebis saerTo

struqturis 7% ).

ZiriTadi saSualebebis wilma aqtivebis saerTo struqturaSi 31.12.2014-

Tvis Seadgina 93%, rac sawarmos aqtivebis „mZime“ struqturaze metyvelebs

da mowmobs mniSvnelovan zednadeb xarjebsa da maRal mgrZnobelobaze

amonagebis cvlilebebis mimarT.

rogorc 2.4 cxrilidan (Tavi 2) Cans, saangariSo periodis bolosTvis

udidesi xvedriTi wili erToblivi aqtivebis struqturaSi modis grZelva-

dian aqtivebze (93.24%), rac aqtivebis dabalmobilobaze metyvelebs da xels

uwyobs sawarmos saSualebebis brunvadobis daqveiTebas. Tumca, SeiniSneba

dadebiTi tendencia: sabaziso periodTan SedarebiT _ saangariSo periodSi

yvela grZelvadiani aqtivis xvedriTi wili balansis saerTo struqturaSi

1,76%-iT Semcirda, ramac dinamikaSi SeiZleba brunvadobis daCqareba gamoi-

wvios.

grZelvadiani aqtivebis struqturaSi yvelaze didi cvlileba gamowveu-

li iyo 54 ,937,173 lariT „ZiriTadi saSualebebis“ zrdiT sabaziso period-

Tan SedarebiT.

saanalizo periodSi sabaziso periodTan SedarebiT 5,492,816 lariT

gaizarda muxli „fuladi saxsrebi“.

debitoruli davalianeba saanalizo periodSi 3,076,833 lariT gaiz-

arda, rac negatiuri cvlilebaa da SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos produqciis

safasuris gadaxdasTan dakavSirebuli problemiT an momxmareblebisaTvis

samomxmareblo kreditis aqtiuri gacemiT, e.i. mimdinare aqtivebis nawilis

mowyvetiT (ganyenebulad warmodgeniT) da mimdinare saSalebebis nawilis

imobilizaciiT sawarmoo procesidan.

q. Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis debitoruli davalianebis ganx-

ilvisas unda aRiniSos, rom 31.12.2014 wlisTvis sawarmos aqtiuri saldo

gaaCnia (debitoruli davalianeba sakreditoze metia), da sakuTar klientebs

sTavazobs ufaso kredits 4,815,692 laris odenobiT.

mTlianobaSi situaciis ganxilvisas balansis aqtivebis cvlilebis dina-

mika dadebiTad SeiZleba Sefasdes.

116

balansis pasivi

balansis pasivis struqtura da cvlilebebi saanalizo periodSi war-

modgenilia cxrilebSi 2.51 da 2.52.

cxrili 2.51

balansis pasivis struqtura (%)

balansis muxlebi 31.12.2010 31.12.2011 31.12.2012 31.12.2013 31.12.2014


sawesdebo kapitali 50,37 58,84 63,80 69,61 72,50

grZelvadiani aqtivebis gada-

faseba 66,34 61,01 58,78 54,93 56,86

damatebiTi kapitali 0 0 0 0 0

sarezervo kapitali 12,27 10,64 10,25 9,57 9,91

gaunawilebeli mogeba (daufar-

avi zarali) -29,51 -31,00 -33,18 -34,51 -39,76

sul kapitali da rezervebi 99,46 99,49 99,64 99,60 99,50

IV. grZelvadiani valdebulebebi

sasesxo saSualebebi 0 0 0 0 0

gadavadebuli sagadasaxado

valdebulebebi 0 0 0 0 0

pirobiTi valdebulebebis

rezervebi 0 0 0 0 0

sxva grZelvadiani pasivebi 0 0 0 0 0

sul grZelvadiani valdebule-

bebi0 0 0 0 0

V. moklevadiani valdebulebebi


moklevadiani valdebulebebi 0,44 0,42 0,29 0,34 0,44

momavali periodebis

Semosavlebi 0,11 0,08 0,06 0,05 0,06

samomavlo xarjebisa da gadax-

debis rezervebi 0 0 0 0 0

sxva moklvadiani pasivebi 0 0 0 0 0

sul moklevadiani valdebule-

bebi 0,54 0,51 0,36 0,40 0,50

balansi 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00

117

balansis pasivis cvlileba

cxrili 2.52

pasivi 31.12.2010 31.12.2014absolutu-

ri gadaxra

lari

zrdis

tempi

(%)

xvedriTi

wilis (%)


sawesdebo kapitali 201 962 525 339 139 496 137 176 971 67,92 22,13

damatebiTikapitali 0 0 0 0 0

sarezervo kapitali 49 177 755 46 360 428 -2 817 327 -5,73 -2,35

gaunawilebeli mogeba

(daufaravi zarali )-118 331 415 -186 007 778 -67 676 363 57,19 -10,25

sulkapitali da rezerve-

bi398 780 881 465 464 162 66 683 281 16,72 0,05

IV. grZelvadiani valdebulebebi

sesxebi 0 0 0 0 0

gadavadebuli sagadasaxa-

do valdebulebebi 0 0 0 0 0

sxva grZelvadiani pa-

sivebi 0 0 0 0 0

sul grZelvadiani val-

debulebebi0 0 0 0 0

V. moklevadiani valdebulebebi


valdebulebebi

mowodebidan1 746 554 2 055 742 309 188,00 17,70 0

momavali periodebis

Semosavlebi 424 309 260 978 -163 331 -38,49 -0,05

sxva moklevadiani val-

debulebebi0 0 0 0 0

sul moklevadiani val-

debulebebi2 170 863 2 316 720 145 857 6,72 -0,05

balansi 400 951 744 467 780 882 66 829 138 16,67 0,00

pasivebis nawilSi balansis valutis zrda umetesad muxlis „sawesdebo

kapitali“ zrdis xarjze moxda. gasul periodSi am muxlis zrdam Seadgina

137,176,971 lari (procentul TanafardobaSi is 67,92 %-iT gaizarda). amg-

varad, saanalizo periodis bolosTvis muxlis „sawesdebo kapitali“ sididem

339 139,496 lari Seadgina.

118

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis sakuTari kapitalis analizma Cvena

rom misi mniSvneloba saanalizo periodSi gaizarda da 31.12.2014-Tvis sawar-

mos sakuTari kapitalis moculobam 465,725,140 lari Seadgina, rac saerTo

moculobis 99.56%-ia.

valdebulebebis wili aqtivebis formirebis erTobliv wyaroebSi saanal-

izo periodis ganmavlobaSi umniSvnelod gaizarda. 31.12.2014-Tvis sawarmos

grZelvadiani da moklevadiani valdebulebebis moculobam 2,055,742 lari

Seadgina, rac saerTo moculobis 0.44%-ia. sasesxo saSualebebis zrda iwvevs

sawarmos finansuri riskebis xarisxis zrdas da SeiZleba uaryofiTad imo-

qmedos mis finansur mdgradobaze, aRsaniSnavia, rom Tsk-s saanalizo peri-

odSi mniSvnelovani moculobis sasesxo valdebulebebi ar gaaCnia.

sawarmos rezervebis analizma aCvena, rom misi moculoba Semcirebulia

2,817,327 lariT xolo daufaravi zaralis muxli gazrdilia 67,676,363 lar-

iT. Sesabamisad, sakuTari kapitalis moculobis jamurma Semcirebam Seadgina

70,493,690 (67,676,363 +2,817,327) lari. amrigad, rezervebis Semcirebam -2,817,

327 lariT, xolo daufaravi zaralis zrdam _ 67,676,363 lariT mTliano-

baSi uaryofiTi tendenciaa, radgan rezervebis da fondebis Semcireba da

amasTan zaralis zrda, metyvelebs sawarmos araefeqtur muSaobaze.

pasivebis saerTo struqturaSi kapitalisa da rezervebis sidide, rome-

lic 31.12.2010-Tvis Seadgenda 398,780,881 lars, gaizarda 66,683,281 lariT

anu zrdis tempma Seadgina 16,72% da 31.12.2014-Tvis is 465,464,162 lars

Seadgina, rac qonebis saerTo struqturis 99,5%-ia. umeteswilad es cvli-

leba moxda muxlis „sawesdebo kapitali“ 137,176,971 lariT zrdis xarjze.

31.12.2014-Tvis davalianebis saerTo struqtura warmodgenilia mok-

levadiani valdebulebebis saxiT da Seadgens 2,316,720 lars, ramac sakuTari

kapitalisa da rezervebis arsebuli moculobis pirobebSi SeiZleba arc

moaxdinos gavlena sawarmos finansur mdgradobaze. praqtikaSi mirebulia,

rom pasivebis struqturis gasaumjobeseblad umjobesia, rom grZelvadiani

davalianeba Warbobdes moklevadians. grZelvadiani valdebulebebi, romel-

Ta moculobac 31.12.2010-Tvis Seadgenda 0, 00 lars, ucvlel doneze darCa.

moklevadiani valdebulebi, 31.12.2010-Tvis 2,170,863,00 lars Seadgenda,

gaizarda 145,857 lariT (zrdis tempma Seadgina 6,72%) da 31.12.2014-Tvis

Seadgina 2,316,720 lari.

31.12.2014-Tvis moklevadiani valdebulebebis struqturaSi yvelaze

maRali xvedriTi wiliT warmodgenilia muxli „moklevadiani valdebule-

bebi“. saanalizo periodis bolosTvis davalianebis moculoba mocemuli

muxlis mixedviT 2,055,742 laria, rac moklevadiani davalianebis saerTo

moculobaSi _ 88%-s Seadgens..

amgvarad, ekonomikuri resursebis formirebis wyaroebis struqturis

119

cvlileba saanalizo periodis ganmavlobaSi umeteswilad negatiurad unda

Sefasdes.

sawarmos ekonomikuri resursebisa da misi formirebis wyaroebis

Semdgomi analizi Catarda agregirebuli balansis monacemebis mixedviT.

agregirebuli balansi Sedgenilia Tsk-is buRaltruli balansis erTgvaro-

vani muxlebis gaerTianebis gziT, agregirebuli balansis struqtura war-

modgenilia cxrilSi 2.53.

cxrili 2.53

balansi

aqtivi 31.12.2010 31.12.2014absolutu-

ri gadax-

ralari

zrdis

tempi

(%)

xvedri-

Ti wilis

(%)

grZelvadiani aqtivebi 380895134 436158615 55263481 14.51 -1,76

mimdinare aqtivebi 20056610 31622267 11565657 57.67 1,76

maragebi da danaxarjebi 14462025 17458033 2996008 20.72 0,13

moklevadiani debitoruli

davalianebebi 3794601 6871434 3076833 81.08 0,52

fuladi saxsrebi da mok-

levadiani finansuri daban-

debebi

1799984 7292800 5492816 305.16 1,11

sxva mimdinare aqtivebi . 0 0 0 0 0

balansi 400951744 467780882 66829138 16.67 0

pasivi

sakuTari kapitali 399205190 465725140 66519950 16.66 -0

grZelvadiani pasivebi 0 0 0 0 0

sesxebi da kreditebi 0 0 0 0 0

sxva grZelvadiani pasivebi 0 0 0 0 0

moklevadiani pasivebi 1746554 2055742 309188 17.7 0

sesxebi da kreditebi 0 0 0 0 0

moklevadiani valdebule-

bebi1746554 2055742 309188 17.7 0

sxva moklevadiani pasivebi 0 0 0 0 0

balansi 400951744 467780882 66829138 16.67 0

120

2.4 balansis racionaluri struqturis Sefaseba

finansuri mdgradobis analizisas umTavres sakiTxs warmoadgens sa-

kuTari da nasesxebi kapitalis Tanafardobis racionalurobis Sefaseba.

sawarmos saSualebebis wyaroebis struqturis Sefaseba informaciis ro-

gorc Sida, aseve gare momxmareblebis mier tardeba.

gare momxmareblebi (bankebi, investorebi, kreditorebi) aanalize-

ben sawarmos sakuTari da nasesxebi saSualebebis Tanafardobas saSuale-

baTa wyaroebis mTlian jamTan, dasaSvebi finansuri riskis Sefasebis

TvalsazrisiT. riski matulobs sakuTari kapitalis xvedriTi wilis

SemcirebasTan erTad.

wyaroebis struqturis Sida analizi dakavSirebulia sawarmos saqmi-

anobis dafinansebis alternatiuli variantebis SefasebasTan. amasTan,

arCevanis gakeTebis ZiriTad kriteriums warmoadgens finansuri re-

sursebis mozidvebis pirobebi, maTi Rirebuleba, riskis xarisxi, gamoy-

enebis SesaZlo mimarTulebebi da a. S.

erToblivi kapitalis struqturis maxasiaTebel ZiriTad maCven-

eblebs miekuTvneba: finansuri damoukideblobis koeficienti, finans-

uri mdgradobis koeficienti, grZelvadian nasesxeb kapitalze damok-

idebulebis koeficienti, dafinansebis koeficineti da sxva. aRniSnuli

maCveneblebis ZiriTadi daniSnulebaa daaxasiaTos kreditorebis inter-

esebis dacvis xarisxi da sawarmos finansuri mdgradoba. am koeficien-

tebidan aRsaniSnavia:

K damoukidebloba

igi axasiaTebs im saSualebebis xvedriT wils, romelic dabandebulia

mesakuTreTa mier sawarmos qonebis mTlian RirebulebaSi. kidev erTi

koeficienti, romelic aseve gamoiyeneba finansuri struqturis anal-

izisas, aris finansuri mdgradobis koeficienti (grZelvadiani pasivebis

koeficienti). misi gaangariSebisaTvis gamoiyeneba Semdegi formula:

K finansuri mdgradoba

am koeficientebis mniSvnelobaa is, rom igi gviCvenebs dafinansebis

im wyaroebis xvedriT wils, romelic sawarmos SeuZlia gamoiyenos mis

saqmianobaSi xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi.

K damokidebuleba

121

grZelvadiani kapitalis analizisas (moicavs sakuTar kapitals da

grZelvadian valdebulebebs) mizanSewonilia SevafasoT, Tu ra xarisx-

iT aris damokidebuli sawarmo grZelvadian kreditebsa da sesxebze.

am mizniT gaiangariSeben dafinansebis grZelvadian nasesxeb wyaroebze

damokidebulebis koeficients. amasTan, ar ganixileba mimdinare pasivebi

da mTeli yuradReba gadatanilia kapitalis stabilur wyaroebsa da maT

Tanafardobaze.

nasesxebi da sakutari kapitalis Tanafardobis SefasebisTvis gamoi-

yeneba finansuri berketis koeficienti:

K dafinanseba

es koeficienti gviCvenebs sawarmos saqmianobis ra nawili finansdeba

sakuTari saSualebebis xarjze da ra nawili _ nasesxebis xarjze. iTv-

leba, rom Tu koeficientis sidide erTze metia, maSin es mniSvnelovan

finansur riskze metyvelebs, rac xSirad arTulebs kreditis miRebis

SesaZleblobas.

imavdroulad, ganxiluli maCveneblebis mniSvnelobebis interpreta-

ciebisagan Tavi unda SevikavoT. calkeul sawarmoSi sakuTari kapital-

is xvedriTma wilma wyaroebis mTllian moculobaSi SeiZleba Seadginos

naxevarze naklebi da miuxedavad amisa, aseTma sawarmoebma SeiZleba

SeinarCunon sakmaod maRali finansuri mdgradoba, es, pirvel rigSi,

exeba sawarmoebs, romelTa saqmianobisTvis damaxasiaTebelia aqtivebis

maRali brunvadoba, stabiluri arxebi, mudmivi danaxarjebis dabali

done (magaliTad, savaWro da saSuamavlo organizaciebi).

kapitaltevadi sawarmoebisaTvis, saSualebebis brunvadobis xangr-

Zlivi periodiT, romlebsac gaaCniaT miznobrivi daniSnulebis aqtivebis

mniSvnelovani xvedriTi wili (magaliTad, manqanamSenebel sawarmoebSi)

nasesxebi saSualebebis 40-50 xvedriTi wili SeiZleba saxifaTo aRmoCndes

finansuri stabilurobisaTvis.

kapitalis struqturis maxasiaTebeli koeficientebi, Cveulebriv ga-

nixileba, rogorc sawarmos riskis xarisxis maCvenebeli. rac ufro maRa-

lia sesxis xvedriTi wilis sidide, miT ufro didia moTxovnileba fu-

lad saSualebebze, rac aucilebelia misi momsaxurebisaTvis finansuri

situaciis gauaresebis SemTxvevaSi, aseT sawarmoebSi maRalia gadaxdisu-

unarobis riski.

zemoT aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, moyvenili koeficientebi

SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes rogorc warmoebaSi arsebuli „problemuri mo-

122

mentebis“ gamosavleni instrumentebi. rac ufro mcirea sesxebis xvedri-

Ti wili, miT ufro naklebia kapitalis struqturis riskis analizis

gaRrmavebis aucilebloba. sesxebis maRali xvedriTi wilis pirobebSi

aucilebelia iseTi ZiriTadi sakiTxebis ganxilva, rogoricaa: nasesxe-

bi kapitalis Semadgenlobisa da struqturis analizi (imis gaTvalis-

winebiT, rom balansis monacemebi SeiZleba warmoadgendes sawarmos val-

debulebebis mxolod nawils), sawamos unarianobis Seswavla fuladi sa-

Sualebebis generirebaze (gamomuSavebaze), rac aucilebelia arsebuli

valdebulebebis dasafaravad, aseve, saqmianobis Semosavlianobisa da

sxva arsebiTi faqtorebis analizi.

sawamos qonebis wyaroebis struqturis Sefasebisas gansakuTrebuli

yuradReba unda daeTmos aqtivebSi maTi ganlagebis wess.

ganvixiloT komerciul sawarmoebSi aqtivebisa da pasivebis

Tanafardobis gavrcelebuli variantebi.

aqtivebisa da pasivebis Tanafardobis warmodgenili sqema (1 varian-

ti) saSualebas iZleva vimsjeloT sakuTari da nasesxebi kapitalis usa-

frTxo struqturis Sesaxeb. sruldeba ori ZiriTadi piroba: sakuTari

kapitali aRemateba grZelvadian aqtivebs, mimdinare aqtivebi moklevadi-

an valdebulebebze maRalia.

varianti 1

aqtivebi sakuTari kapitali da valdebulebebi

mimdinare aqtivebi _ 50 %moklevadiani valdebulebebi _ 20%

grZelvadiani valdebulebebi _ 0%

grZelvadiani aqtivebi _ 50 % sakuTari kapitali _ 80%

varianti 2





aqtivebisa da pasivebis Tanafardobis me-2 varianti, sakuTari kap-

italis arc Tu ise maRali xvedriTi wilis miuxedavad, aseve ar iwvevs

safrTxes, vinaidan mocemul sawarmoSi grZelvadiani aqtivebis xvedriTi

wili maRali ar aris da sakuTari kapitali srulad faravs mis sidides.

123

varianti 3





me-3 variantSi aqtivebis da pasivebis Tanafardoba aseve gviCvenebs

grZelvadiani wyaroebis gadaWarbebas grZelvadian aqtivebze. aqtivebi-

sa da valdebulebebis utyuari Sefasebisas finansur mdgomareobas sa-

frTxe ar emuqreba.

varianti 4





balansis struqturis mocemuli varianti, erTi SexedviT, miuTiTebs

sakuTari kapitalis ukmarisobaze. amasTan, grZelvadiani valdebule-

bebis arseboba SesaZleblobas iZleva srulad movaxdinoT grZelvadiani

aqtivebis formireba saSualebaTa grZelvadiani wyaroebis xarjze.

varianti 5





struqturis mocemuli varianti saxifaToa sawarmos finansuri

mdgradobisaTvis. saanalizo sawarmos namdvilad ar yofnis grZelvadiani

wyaroebi brunvisgareSe (grZelvadiani) aqtivebis formirebisaTvis, ris

Sedegadac is iZulebulia gamoiyenos moklevadiani nasesxebi saSualebebi

grZelvadiani aqtivebis formirebaze. maSasadame, cxadia, rom moklevadi-

ani valdebulebebi gaxda ZiriTadi wyaro mimdinare da nawilobrivi wya-

ro brunvisgareSe aqtivebis formirebisaTvis, rac dakavSirebulia aseTi

sawarmos saqmianobis finansuri reiskebis amaRlebasTan.

Sesabamisad, finansuri mdgradobis uzrunvelyofis zogadi wesi

124

Semdegia: grZelvadiani aqtivebi formirebuli unda iyos sakuTari da

nasesxebi grZelvadiani wyaroebis xarjze, Tu sawarmos ar gaaCnia gr-

Zelvadiani pirobiT moziduli nasesxebi saSualebebi, ZiriTadi saSuale-

bebisa da sxva brunvisgareSe aqtivis formireba unda moxdes sakuTari

kapitalis xarjze.

kidev erTi faqtori, romelic gavlenas axdens sakuTari da nasesxebi

saSualebebis Tanafardobaze, aris sawarmos danaxarjebis struqtura.

im sawarmoebs, romlebSic mudmivi danaxarjebis xvedriTi wili mTlian

danaxarjebSi mniSvnelovania, unda gaaCndeT sakuTari kapitalis didi

moculoba.

finansuri mdgradobis analizisas aseve aucilebelia gaviTvalis-

winoT saSualebebis brunvis siCqare. sawarmos, romelsac saSualebebis

brunvis ufro maRali siCqare aqvs, SeiZleba hqondes nasesxebi wyaroebis

maRali xvedriTi wili pasivebis mTlian erTobliobaSi ise, rom safrTxe

ar daemuqros mis gadaxdisunarianobas da ar gaizardos kreditorTa

riskebi (sawarmo, romelsac kapitalis maRali brunvadoba aqvs, advilad

uzrunvelyofs fuladi saSualebebis Semodinebas da Sesabamisad, anga-

riSsworebas valdebulebebze), amitom, aseTi sawarmoebi ufro mimzidve-

lia kreditorebisa da gamsesxeblebisTvis.

aqtivebisa da pasivebis Tanafardobis is struqtura, rac warmod-

genilia Tbilisis satransporto kompaniaSi Seesabameba I variants. rac

SesaZleblobas iZleva vimsjeloT sakuTari da nasesxebi kapitalis us-

afrTxo struqturis Sesaxeb. am variantSi mTavaria sruldebodes ori

ZiriTadi piroba: sakuTari kapitali aRemateba grZelvadian aqtivebs da

mimdinare aqtivebi moklevadian valdebulebebze maRalia.

amasTan, balansis struqturaze damokidebulebis mixedviT saer-

TaSoriso praqtikaSi cnobilia kapitalis struqturis agebis oTxi

ZiriTadi modelidan (idealuri, agresiuli, konservatiuli da kompro-

misuli) Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis qonebis struqtura saanal-

izo periodis bolosaTvis SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT kompromisul models.

rac gulisxmobs imas, rom ar arsebobs moklevadiani valdebulebebi da

amasTan erTad ar xdeba mimdinare aqtivebis dafinanseba grZelvadiani

valdebulebebiT da garkveuli nawilis sakuTari kapitaliT. Tbilisis

satransporto kompaniaSi moklevadiani kreditoruli davalianebebi

mimarTulia mimdinare aqtivebis cvalebadi nawilis Sesavsebad. Tumca

grZelvadiani perspeqtivisTvis aseTi modeli ar aris mizanSewonili.

125

Tavi 3. Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis saqmianobis finansuri Sedegebis analizi

3.1. finansuri Sedegebis struqturisa da dinamikis analizi

finansuri Sedegebis struqturisa da dinamikis analizi warmodgenilia

cxrilSi #3.1., xolo finansuri maCveneblebis dinamikis analizi warmodge-

nilia cxrilSi # 3.2.

grafiki № 3.1.finansuri Sedegebi

amonagebi realizaciidan

TviTRirebuleba

mogeba (zarali) gayidvebidan

danarCeni Semosavlebisa da gasaRebis saldo

saangariSo periodis wminda mogeba (zarali)

cxrili 3.1.finansuri Sedegebis struqturisa da dinamikis analizi

maCveneblebi 31.12.2010 31.12.2014 absoluturi

gadaxra, lari

zrdis

tempi

%

xvedri-

Ti wili

%

Semosavlebi da xarjebi Cveulebrivi saqmianobidan

amonagebi 53,805,293 109,196,004 55,390,711 102,95 0,00

gayidvebis

TviTRirebuleba -75,086,101 -115,774,552 -40,688,451 54,19 33,53

mTliani mogeba (zarali) -21,280,808 -6,578,548 14,702,260 -69,09 33,53

mmarTvelobiTi xarjebi -11,409,652 -13,927,948 -2,518,296 22,07 8,45

126

mogeba (zarali) gayid-

vebidan -32,690,460 -20,506,496 12,183,964 -37,27 41,98

sxva Semosavlebi da xarjebi

Semosavlebi sxva orga-

nizaciebSi monawileo-

bidan

0,00 0,00 0,00 0 0,00

misaRebi procentebi 937,476 1,886,899 949,423 101,27 -0,01

gadasaxdeli procen-

tebi 0,00 0,00 0,00 0 0,00

sxva Semosavlebi 4,136,957 5,986,208 1,849,251 44,70 -2,21

sxva xarjebi -17,316,915 -6,086,265 11,230,650 -64,85 26,61

mogeba (zarali)

dabegvramde -44,932,942 -18,719,654 26,213,288 -58,34 66,37

saangariSo periodis

wminda mogeba (zarali) -44,932,942 -18,719,654 26,213,288 -58,34 66,37

cxrili 3.2.Tsk-is finansuri maCveneblebis dinamikis analizi

maCveneblebi 31.12.2010 31.12.2014absolutu-

ri gadaxra,

lari

zrdis

tempi %

1. gayidvebis moculoba 53,805,293 109,196,004 55,390,711 102,95

2. mogeba gayidvebidan -32,690,460 -20,506,496 12,183,964 37,27

3. EBITDA -32,690,460 -20,506,496 12,183,964 37,27

4. wminda mogeba(+)/zarali(-) -44,932,942 -18,719,654 26,213,288 58,34

5. gayidvebis rentabeloba, % -60,76, -18,78 41,98 69,09

6. wminda aqtivebi 399,205,190 465,725,140 66,519,950 16,66

7. wminda aqtivebis brunvadoba, % 13,48 23,45 9,97 73,96

8. wminda aqtivebis rentabeloba, % -11,26, -4,02, 7,24 64,29

9. sakuTari kapitali 399,205,190 465,725,140 66,519,950 16,66

10. sakuTari kapitalis rentabelo-

ba, % -11,26 -3,95 7,31 64,92

12. finansuri berketi 0,44 0,44 0,00 0,89

#3.1. cxrilidan Cans, rom kompaniis amonagebi realizaciidan sabazo

periodTan SedarebiT mniSvnelovnad gaizarda (31.12.2010-Tvis 53,805,293 laridan 31.12.2014-Tvis 109,196,004 laramde). saanalizo periodSi gayid-

127

vebis moculobis cvlilebam 55,390,711 lari Seadgina. zrdis tempi 102,95

procenti iyo.

mTliani zarali 31.12.2010-Tvis -32,690,460 lars Seadgenda. saanalizo

periodSi is 21,449,413 lariT gaizarda, rac ganxiluli unda iqnes, rogorc

dadebiTi momenti da 31.12.2014-Tvis -11,241,047 lari Seadgina.

31.12.2010 -Tvis zarali gayidvebidan Seadgenda -32,690,460 lars. saanal-

izo periodSi zarali Semcirebulia 12,183,983 lariT da 31.12.2014-Tvis

zaralma gayidvebidan Seadgina -20,506,477 lari.

sawarmos saqmianobis efeqtianobis zrdis maCveneblia is, rom amonage-

bis zrdis tempi SedarebiT maRalia, vidre TviTRirebulebis zrdis tempi.

amonagebis zrdis tempma Seadgina 102.95 punqtiT, maSin roca TviTRirebuleba

mxolod 39,24 punqtiT gaizarda.

„sxva Semosavlebisa da xarjebis“ mixedviT SeimCneva dadebiTi tenden-

cia _ 31.12.2010-dan 31.21.2014-mde periodSi „sxva Semosavlebi da xarjebi“-s

cvlilebam Seadgina 14 029 324 lari, rac ganapiroba saprocento Semosavalis

_ 949,423 lariT da sxva Semosavlebis 1,848,251 lariT zrdam. amasTanave

mniSvnelovnad aris Semcirebuli „sxva xarjebis“ muxli, TiTqmis 65%-iT,

ramac 11,230,650 lari Seadgina.

rogorc # 3.1. cxrilidan Cans, saanalizo periodSi zarali 26,213,307 lariT Semcirda da 31.12.2014-Tvis 18,719,635 lari Seadgina. Sesabamisad,

Semcireba 58,34%-ia.

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis finansuri maCveneblebis dinamikis

ganxilvisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mivaqcioT wminda aqtivebis

rentabelobas da kapitalis saSualo Sewonil Rirebulebis maCveneblebs.

saqmianobis warmatebiT ganviTarebisaTvis saWiroa, rom wminda aqtivebis

rentabeloba aRematebodes kapitalis saSualo Sewonil Rirebulebas, maSin

sawarmos SeeZleba dafaros ara mxolod valdebulebebi, aramed ganaxor-

cielos wminda mogebis nawilis (Tu aseTi eqneba) reinvestireba warmoebaSi.

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis Semosavlebisa da xarjebis dinamikis

analizi gviCvenebs, rom aRniSnuli maCveneblebi mTlianobaSi saanalizo

periodSi SeiZleba dadebiTad Sefasdes, radgan mniSvnelovania zaralis

Semcirebis tempebi. magram yuradReba unda mivaqcioT iseT momentebs, ro-

goricaa mmarTvelobiTi xarjebis zrda da sxva Semosavlebisa da xarjebis

saldos Semcireba.

miuxedavad imisa, rom saanalizo periodSi SeimCneva zaralis

Semcirebis tendencia, mniSvnelovania danaxarjebis analizi saqmianobis

saxeebis mixdviT.

mgzavrTa gadayvanaze gaweuli yvela saxis resursis danaxarjebis

RirebulebiTi Sefaseba, satransporto momsaxurebis TviTRirebulebas

128

warmoadgens. satransporto momsaxurebis (gadazidvebis) TviTRirebuleba

arsebiT rols asrulebs avtosatransporto sawarmos saqmianobis

Semfasebel maCenebelTa sistemaSi da mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens

gadamzidavis finansur mdgomareobaze. satransporto momsaxurebis

TviTRirebulebis Semcireba pirdapir moqmedebs momsaxurebis tarifeb-

ze da Sesabamis gavlenas axdens ekonomikis sxva dargebis ganviTarebazec.

Tavis mxriv, samgzavro transportze tarifebis Semcireba zrdis mgzavr-

Ta gadayvanis moculobas da erTdroulad, uzrunvelyofs mosaxleobis

socialuri pirobebis gaumjobesebas.

satransporto momsaxurebis danaxarjebi gansxvavdebian ekonomiku-

ri daniSnulebis, Semadgenlobisa da momsaxurebis procesSi maTi rolis

mixedviT. satransporto momsasxurebis danaxarjebi ekonomikuri dan-

iSnulebis mixedviT dajgufebulia danaxarjTa elementebad. saoperacio

saqmianobis danaxarjebis ekonomikuri elementebis mixedviT dajgufe-

ba da analizi saSualebas gvaZlevs SevafasoT danaxarjebis struqtura,

dinamika da maTi donisa da mdgomareobis maCvenebelTa sistema. Tsk-is

danaxarjTa elementebi warmodgenilia Semdegi saxiT:

• SromiTi danaxarjebi (xelfasi)

• masalebi

• eleqtroenergia

• sawvavi

• wyali

• cveTa da amortizacia

• sxva xarjebi

Tsk-is mgzavrTa gadayvanis TviTRirebulebis kalkulaciaSi xarjebi

analogiuri struqturiT monawileoben.

saoperacio danaxarjebis struqturis analizi ekonomikuri elemen-

tebis mixedviT warmodgenilia cxrilSi # 3.3.

129

cxrili 3.3.

saoperacio xarjebis struqtura 2013-2014 ww

# maCveneblebi

2014 weli 2013 weli cvlileba (gadaxra)

larixvedri-

wili %lari

xvedri-

wili %

absolutu-

ri (lari)

xv.wi-

lis

1 elenergia 9,732,419 7.32 8,389,599 6.78 1,342,820 0.54

2 masalebi 6,403,566 4.82 6,421,572 5.19 -18,006 -0.37

4 sawvavi 18,274,831 13.75 17,622,258 14.24 652,573 -0.49

5 wyali 823,781 0.62 810,688 0.65 13,093 -0.04

6 xelfasi 78,932,050 59.38 69,577,137 56.21 9,354,913 3.17

7cveTa da

amortizacia16,452,048 12.38 16,014,701 12.94 437,347 -0.56

8 sxva xarji 2,317,479 1.74 4,939,068 3.99 -2,621,589 -2.25

9

sul saop-

eracio xar-

jebi

132,936,174 100 123,775,023 100 9,161,151

danaxarjebis struqturis (vertikalurma) analizma gviCvena, rom sa-

operacio xarjebSi yvelaze maRali xvedri wili SromiT danaxarjebs uka-

via. misi wili mTlian saoperacio xarjebSi 59,38%-s Seadgens, mniSvnelo-

vania sawvavis (13,75%), cveTis (12,38%) da eleqtroenergiis xarjebis wili

(6.78%). wina welTan SedarebiT SeimCneva saoperacio xarjebis struq-

turis cvlilebebi. kerZod, eleqtroenergiis xarjebis wili gazrdilia

0,54-iT (7,14-6,78), xolo SromiTi danaxarjebisa ki _ 3,17-iT (59,38-56,21).

arsebiTad Semcirebulia „sxva xarjebis“ xvedriTi wili, xolo danaxar-

jebis danarCen elementebis xvedr wilSi arsebiTi xasiaTis cvlileba ar

momxdara. danaxarjebis struqturis analizis Sedegebidan gamomdinare-

obs, rom saoperacio xarjebis SemadgenlobaSi maRali xvedriTi wili

SromiT danaxarjebs da eleqtroenergiis xarjebs aqvT. unda aRiniSnos,

rom danaxarjebis struqtura ar ganicdis moculobiTi maCveneblebis

cvlilebis gavlenas. Sesabamisad, obieqturi da mizanSewonilia, rom da-

naxarjebis Semcirebis rezervebis Zieba, upiratesad SromiTi da ener-

getikuli resursebis gamoyenebis gaumjobesebis mimarTulebiT warim-

arTos. danaxarjebis Semcirebis rezervebis ZiebisaTvis mniSvnelovania

danaxarjebis cvlilebis Seswavla dinamikaSi. Tsk-is saoperaci oxarjeb-

is sdinamika wina welTan SedarebiT warmodgenilia 3.4. cxrilsa da 3.2-e

diagramaSi.

130

cxrili 3.4.

saoperacio xarjebi sdinamika 2013-2014 ww.

# maCveneblebi

2013 weli 2014 welizrdis

tempi %

cvlileba

lari lari absoluturi %-uli

1 elenergia 8,389,599 9,732,419 116.01 1,342,820 16.01

2 masalebi 6,421,572 6,403,566 99.72 -18,006 -0.28

4 sawvavi 17,622,258 18,274,831 103.70 652,573 3.70

5 wyali 810,688 823,781 101.62 13,093 1.62

6 xelfasi 69,577,137 78,932,050 113.45 9,354,913 13.45

7 cveTa 16,014,701 16,452,048 102.73 437,347 2.73

8 sxva xarji 4,939,068 2,317,479 46.92 -2,621,589 -53.08

9sul saopera-

cio xarjebi123,775,023 132,936,174 107.40 9,161,151 7.40

3.4. cxrilis monacemebidan Cans, rom saanalizo periodSi wina

welTan SedarebiT saoperacio xarjebi gaizarda, rac gamowveulia imiT,

rom danaxarjebis TiTqmis yvela elementi, masalebisa da „sxva xarjeb-

is“ garda, gazrdilia, ramac jamuri TanxiT 9,161,151 lari da 7,40 %

(9,161,151/132,936,174*100) Seadgina, m.S. gaizarda SromiTi danaxarjebi-

9,354,913 lariT anu 11,85%-iT (9,354,913/78,932,050*100), eleqtroenergi-

is xarji -1,342,820 lariT da 13,80%-iT (1,342,820/9,732,419*100), sawva-

vis, wylisa da cveTis xarjebi ki gaizarda Sesabamisad -652,573 lariT

da 3,57%-iT (652,573/18,274,831*100), 13,093 lariT da 1,59%-iT (13,093

/823,781*100) da 437,347 lariTa da 2,66%-iT (437,347/16,452,048*100). um-

niSvnelod aris Semcirebuli masalebis xarjebi, mxolod 18,006 lariT

da 0,28%-iT, xolo rac Seexeba „sxva xarjebs“, am muxliT TiTqmis 100%-

iani Semcirebaa, rac 2,621,589 lars da 113,12%-s (2,621,589 /2 317 479*100)

Seadgens.

amrigad, 2014 wlis saoperacio xarjebis saerTo absoluturma gadax-

ram wina welTan SedarebiT 9,161,151 (132,936,174-123,775,023) lari, xolo

SefardebiTma gadaxram Sesabamisad 7,40 %-i (132,936,174/123 775 023*100%-

100) Seadgina.

131

diagrama 3.2.

aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom Tsk-is saoperacio xarjebis zrda

mimdinareobda momsaxurebis realizaciidan amonagebis zrdis fonze.

kerZod, 2014 wels amonagebma mgzavrTa gadayvanis momsaxurebis re-

alizaciidan Seadgina 109,196,004 lari, rac wina wlis analogiur

maCvenebelTan SedarebiT 9,048,358 lariT da Sesabamisad 9,04%-iT

(109,196,004/100,147,646*100%-100) aris gazrdili. gaangariSebam aCvena

rom, realizaciidan amonagebis zrdis tempi umniSvnelod, magram mainc

uswrebs saoperacio xarjebis zrdis temps da Sesabamisad 1,64 (9,04% _

7,40%) punqts Seadgens, ramac momsaxurebis gayidvebis saerTo xarjteva-

dobis 1,85 (121,74-123,59) lariT Semcireba gamoiwvia.

xarjtevadobis maCveneblebi gaangariSebulia 2013-2014 wlebis mo-

nacemebis mixedviT da warmodgenilia cxrilSi # 3.5.da diagramiT 3.3.

132

cxrili 3.5.

xarjtevadobis maCveneblebis analizi 2013-2014 ww.

# maCveneblebi

2013 weli 2014 weli zrdis-

tempi-

w.w-Tan

(%)

cvlileba

lari lari lari (%)

1saoperacio xarjebi

sul123,775,023 132,936,174 107.40 9,161,151 7.40

2amonagebi realizaci-

idan100,147,646 109,196,004 109.04 9,048,358 9.04

3

saoperacio xarjebi

gayidvebis 1 larze

(saerTo xarjtevadoba)

123.59 121.72 98.49 -1.87 -1.51

4eleqtroenergia gayid-

vebis 1larze8.38 8.91 106.32 0.53 6.32

5masalebi gayidvebis 1

larze6.41 5.86 91.42 -0.55 -8.58

6sawvavi gayidvebis 1

larze17.60 16.74 95.11 -0.86 -4.89

7wyali gayidvebis 1

larze0.81 0.75 92.59 -0.06 -7.41

8xelfasi gayidvebis 1

larze69.47 72.28 104.04 2.81 4.04

9cveTa da amortizacia

gayidvebis 1 larze15.99 15.07 94.25 -0.92 -5.75

10sxva xarjebi gayidvebis

1 larze4.93 2.12 43.00 -2.81 -57.00

diagrama 3.3.

133

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, 2014 wels saoperacio xarjebma gayidvebis

erT larze 121, 72 TeTri Seadgina da wina wlis maCvenebels 1,87 (121.72 _

123,59) TeTriT da1.51 %-iT CamorCeba. logikuria, rom es garemoeba saop-

eracio saqmianobis finansuri Sedegebis gaumjobesebaze (am SemTxvevaSi

zaralis Semcirebis kuTxiT) mianiSnebs. miRweul Sedegze dadebiTad imo-

qmeda im garemoebam, rom eleqtroenergiisa da SromiTi danaxarjebis

garda xarjebis TiTqmis yvela sxva muxlis zrdis tempi CamorCeba re-

alizaciidan amonagebis zrdis temps. eleqtroenergiis xrjebis zrdis

tempi amonagebis zrdis temps aRemateba 6,97 (16,01 _ 9.04) punqtiT, xolo

SromiTi danaxarjebis dinamika gayidvebidan amonagebis dinamikasTan

SedarebiT gazrdilia 4,41 (13,45-9,04) punqtiT. Sesabamisad, gazrdilia

gayidvebis erTi laris energotevadoba 0,53, xolo Sromatevadoba _ 2,81

TeTriT (cxrili 3.5.).

danaxarjTa elementebis analizma erTis mxriv gviCvena Tu ra resur-

si moixmara Tsk-m saoperacio saqmianobis procesSi da meores mxriv war-

moaCina moxmarebuli resursebis gamoyenebis zogadi suraTi. resursebis

gamoyenebis efeqtianobis gansazRvrisaTvis mniSvnelovania gaanalizdes

Tu ra mizniT daixarja, sad da ra daniSnulebiT iqna moxmarebuli re-

sursebi. am mizniT CavatareT danaxarjebis analizi maTi funqcionaluri

daniSnulebis mixedviT (ix. cxrili 3.6.).

cxrili 3.6.

danaxarjebis analizi funqcionaluri daniSnulebiT 2013-2014 ww

# maCveneblebi

2013 weli 2014 weli

larixv.wi-

li %lari

xv.wi-

li %

1 momsaxurebis TviTRirebuleba 110,751,112 89 121,662,788 92

4 marTvisa da administraciis xarjebi 13,023,911 11 11,273,386 8

5 Cveulebrivi saqmianobis xarjebi sul 123,775,023 100 132,936,174 100

6Semosavali Cveulebrivi saqmiano-

bidan100,147,646 109,196,004

9momsaxurebis TviTRirebuleba gayid-

vebis 1 larze110.59 89.48 111.42 91.52

10marTvisa da administraciis xarjebi

gayidvebis 1 larze13.00 10.52 10.32 8.48

11Cveulebrivi saqmianobis xarjebi gay-

idvebis 1 larze123.59 100 121.7 100

danaxarjebis analizi unda Catardes maTi gamoyenebis miznobrivo-

bis kuTxiTac. kerZod, Seswavlili unda iyos funqcionaluri dan-

134

iSnulebiT warmoebis, marketingisa da marTvis xarjebis WrilSi. 2014

wels (cxrili 3.6.) Cveulebrivi saqmianobis xarjebis 92%, momsaxurebis

TviTRirebulebaSi Semavali xarjebis wilad modis, romelic wina welT-

an SedarebiT gazrdilia 3 punqtiT, rac administraciul xarjebis wilis

Semcirebis Sedegia, romlis wilic nacvlad 11 %-isa 8 %-iT ganisaz-

Rvra. aqedan gamimdinareobs, rom organizaciaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba

marTvis sawarmoo funqcias eniWeba.

2014 wlis gayidvebis erT larze momsaxurebis TviTRirebulebis

111,42 TeTri modis, rac wina welTan SedarebiT umniSvnelod, magram

mainc gazrdilia 0,83 (111,42 _ 110,59) punqtiT. es xorcieldeba adminis-

traciuli xarjebis Semcirebis xarjze, romlis analogiuri maCvenebel-

ic 13 TeTridan 8,48 TeTramde daeca. vinaidan, administraciuli xarjeb-

is udidesi nawili qceviT mudmivi xarjebia, saboloo jamSi es uzrun-

velyofs gayidvebis moculobis miaxlovebas wonasworobis wertilTan.

danaxarjebis aRricxvis swor organizaciasa da momsaxurebis

TviTRirebulebis kalkulaciis adekvaturi meTodis danergvas arsebiTi

mniSvneloba aqvs mgzavrTa gadayvanis TviTRirebulebis gansazRvrisT-

vis, radgan am ukanasknelis done da struqtura warmoadgens mgzavrTa

gadayvanis optimaluri tarifebis SemuSavebis safuZvels, amitom:

• arsebiTad mniSvnelovania SemuSavdes da saaRricxvo politi-

kaSi aisaxos danaxarjebis aRricxvisa da mgzavrTa gadayvanis

TviTRirebulebis kalkulaciis meTodika da meTodologia;

• transportis eqsploataciis danaxarjebis aRricxvis swori or-

ganizaciisa da mgzavrTa gadayvanis TviTRirebulebis saimedod

gamoTvlisaTvis aucilebelia avtosatransporto procesis or-

ganizaciisa da teqnologiuri Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswineba;

• sawarmoo xarjebis Semadgenloba unda klasificirdes maTi qcev-

is mixedviT da gaimijnos cvlad, mudmiv da Sereuli qcevis xar-

jebad;

• calkeuli samarSruto xazis, rogorc kalkulaciis obieqtis

mixedviT, SemuSavdes „marSrutis kalkulacia“, raTa gaangariSe-

badi iyos calkeuli samarSruto xazis rentabeloba da mosalod-

neli finansuri Sedegi (mogeba/zarali);

• SemuSavdes saerTo-sawarmoo xarjebis STanTqmis (mikuTvnebis)

ekonomikurad dasabuTebuli meTodi da SemuSavdes kalkulaciis

obieqtebze maTi ganawilebis samoqmedo wesi.

135

3.2. fuladi nakadebis angariSgebis analizi

finansuri mdgomareobisa da mdgradobis ganmsazRvrel maCveneblebs

Soris mniSvnelovania Tavisufali fuladi saxsrebis da misi ekvivalen-

tebis moZraobis maxasiaTeblebi. fuladi saxsrebi da fulis ekvivalen-

tebiorganizaciis fuladi resursebi da maRallikviduri fasiani qaRal-

debia, romliTac ifareba nebismieri donis da tipis valdebuleba. fu-

ladi saxsrebis gamoyenebis SemcirebiT SeiZleba damatebiTi sargebelis

gamomuSaveba Tavisufali fuladi saxsrebis racionaluri dabandebebis

(depozitebi bankSi, fasiani qaRaldebi da sxv.) gziT. organizaciis fu-

ladi saxsrebisa da maTi ekvivalentebis cvlilebebi drois garkveul

periodSi regulirdeba buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standar-

tebiT (bass 7) da aisaxeba „fuladi nakadebis angariSgebaSi“.

fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba finansuri angariSgebis sruli pake-

tis Semadgeneli komponentia, romelSic organizaciaSi Semosuli da ga-

suli fuladi nakadebis Sesaxeb informacia warmodgenilia saoperacio,

sainvesticio da safinanso saqmianobebis WrilSi. fuladi nakadebis an-

gariSgeba garkveulwilad avsebs finansuri angariSgebis sxva komponen-

tebs: buRaltrul balanss, romelic organizaciis finansur mdgomareo-

bas drois konkretuli momentisaTvis _ anu statikaSi asaxavs; sruli

Semosavlebis angariSgebas, romelic momzadebulia daricxvis meTodiT

da organizaciis saangariSgebo periodis finansur Sedegebs warmoadgens

dinamikaSi. fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba asaxavs ra fuladi saxsrebis

cvlilebebs saangariSo periodSi, am TvalsazrisiT igi sakaso meTodiT

momzadebuli mogeba/zaralis uwyisad gvevlineba. amasTan erTad,fula-

di nakadebis angariSgeba moicavs iseT informacias, romelic finansu-

ri mdgomareobisa (buRaltruli balansi) da sruli Semosavlebis (moge-

ba-zaralis) angariSgebaSi asaxuli ar aris.

fuladi saxsrebis moZraobis analizi mniSvnelovania finanse-

bis marTvaSi, vinaidan saSualebas iZleva Sefasdes organizaciis

SesaZleblobebi moizidos fuladi saxsrebi da maTi ekvivalentebi;

dadgindes organizaciis unari uzrunvelyos mniSvnelovani fuladi

nakadebis warmoqmna da droulad SeeZlos reagireba fulis moulod-

nel saWiroebebze. aRniSnuli gansazRvravs organizaciis finansur mo-

qnilobas. es ukanaskneli ki gamoixateba fuladi nakadebis racionalur

marTvasa da fuladi resursebis miRebis uwyveti ciklis (fuladi cik-

li) uzrunvelyofaSi. fuladi cikli naRdi fulis is nawilia, romelic

ixarjeba sasaqonlo materialuri faseulobis SeZenaze da Semdeg ivse-

ba debitoruli davalianebis gadaxdis (Segrovebis) gziT. Sesabamisad,

136

fuladi ciklis moZraobis diapazoni ganisazRvreba maragebis SeZenidan

debitoruli davalianebis dafarvamde periodiT. fuladi cikli uzrun-

velyofs mimdinare anu moklevadiani valdebulebebis dafarvas, xolo

uwyveti ciklis SenarCuneba ganapirobebs organizaciis finansur stabi-

lurobas. Tavis mxriv, garigebebis Sesrulebisa da valdebulebebis da-

farvis disciplinis konsolidacia aumjobesebs organizaciis finansur

mdgomareobas.

fuladi saxsrebis efeqtianad gamoyenebisaTvis aucilebelia sworad

daigegmos fuladi nakadebis moZraoba, ganxorcieldes analizi da masze

kontroli. fuladi nakadebis analiziT dgindeba fuladi saxsrebis

deficiti (siWarbe) da vlindeba maTi gamomwvevi mizezebi. analizis pro-

cesSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania ganisazRvros fuladi saxsrebis ga-

moyenebis mimarTulebebi da maTi Semosvlis wyaroebi, Sefasdes fuladi

nakadis „xarisxi“. fuladi nakadis „xarisxs“ganisazRvravs:

• fuladi nakadebis resursebi

• fulad nakadebze moTxovnebi

fuladi nakadebis resursebi xasiaTdeba miRebis wyaroTi, misi gan-

meorebadobiT, saimedobiT da stabilurobiT. maRali xarisxi aqvs fu-

lad nakads, romelic miRebulia magaliTad, saoperacio saqmianobidan.

dabali xarisxi ki aqvs fulad nakads miRebuls, magaliTad, ZiriTadi

saSualebebis gayidvidan, radgan es ukanaskneli erTjeradi da aragan-

meorebadi operaciaa.

fulad nakadebze moTxovnebi xasiaTdeba Semdegi komponentebiT: fu-

lis cikli, samuSao kapitali, dividendis gadaxda, grZelvadiani sesx-

ebis dafarva da a.S. fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba saSualebas iZleva

dadgindes:

• mimdinare da sainvesticio saqmianobis dafinansebis xarisxi saku-

Tari wyaroebis xarjze;

• kompaniis damokidebuleba saxsrebis Semodinebis gare wyaroebze;

• sadividend opolitikis mimdinare da momavali prognozi;

• finansuri elastiuroba anu kompaniis unari Seqmnas fuladi

rezervebi;

• gadaxdisunarianobis realuri mdgomareoba gasuli periodisaT-

vis da momavali moklevadiani periodis prognozi;

• kompaniis saoperacio-komerciuli saqmianobis uwyvetobis, fi-

nansuri stabilurobis uzrunvelyofisa da fuladi nakadebis

marTvis ganviTarebis perspeqtiva;

• fuladi saxsrebis gadaxdisa da Semodinebis sinqronizacia drosa

da sivrceSi;

137

• debitorebTan angariSsworebebSi dabandebuli saxsrebis optimi-

zacia;

• fuladi Tanxebis gardamavali naSTebis regulireba;

• TviTdafinansebis donis maqsimizacia.

finansuri angariSgebis komponentebs Soris kavSiris Sesabamisobis

Semowmebis mizniT, fuladi nakadebis angariSgebis monacemebiT

SesaZlebelia, fuladi saxsrebisa da maTi eqvivalentebis naSTis gamoTv-

la saangariSo periodis bolosTvis, Semdegi gaangariSebiT:

fs pb = fs pd + fs wz (wS) (3.1.)

sadac:

fs pd _ fuladi saxsrebi da maTi eqvivalentebi periodis dasawyisSi

fs wz (wS) _ fuladi saxsrebisa da maTi eqvivalentebis mTliani wminda

zrda (wminda Semcireba)

fs pb _ fuladi saxsrebi da maTi eqvivalentebi periodis bolos

fuladi saxsrebisa da maTi eqvivalentebis wminda zrda sam kompo-

nents moicavs:

• saoperacio saqmianobisTvis gamoyenebuli wminda fuladi saxs-

rebi;

• sainvesticio saqmianobisTvis gamoyenebuli wminda fuladi saxs-

rebi;

• safinanso saqmianobisTvis gamoyenebuli wminda fuladi saxsrebi;

praqtikaSi fuladi nakadebis formireba da analizi xorcieldeba

ori _ pirdapiri da arapirdapiri meTodiT. arapirdapiri meTodiT gan-

isazRvreba mxolod saoperacio saqmianobis fuladi nakadebi. arapirda-

piri meTodi saSualebas iZleva SevafasoT buRaltruli balansis, mo-

geba-zaralis uwyisisa da fuladi nakadebis angariSgebis maCveneblebis

balansirebis done. pirdapiri meTodiT ki SeiZleba dadgindes, Tu ra

donemdea dasaSvebi fuladi nakadebis Semodinebis Semcireba, ise, rom ar

Seferxdes da uzrunvelyofil iqnes mimdinare valdebulebebis dafar-

va. Sesabamisad, pirdapiri meTodi afasebs organizaciis gadaxdisunari-

anobis dones. Tsk-s gamoyenebuli aqvs fuladi nakadebis angariSgebis

momzadebis pirdapiri meTodi.

Tsk-is 2010-2014 wlebis fuladi saxsrebis moZraobis zogadi Sefaseba

da saqmianobis saxeebis mixedviT wminda fuladi nakadebis struqtura da

dinamika, gaanalizebulia cxrilSi # 3.7.

138

cxrili 3.7

wminda fuladi nakadebis struqturisa da dinamikis analizi saqmianobis saxeebis

mixedviT 2010-2014 ww#

maCv

eneb

leb

i

2010

wel

i20

11 w

eli

2012

wel

i20

13 w

eli

2014

wel

i20

14 w

lis

cvl

ileb

a

lar

i%

lar

i%

lar

i%

lar

i%

lar

i%

saba

zis

o w

elT

anwi

na w

elT

an

lar

i%

lar

i%

12

34

56

78

910

1112

1314

1516

1

ful

adi

saxs

re-

bi d

a ma

Ti

eqvi

v-

alen

teb

i sa

an-

gariS

o p

erio

dis

das

awyi

saTvi

s

1,23

2,47

3x

1,79

9,98

4x

9336

46x

9048

64x

23,8

80,9

32x

22,6

48,4

591,

938

22,9

76,0

6826

39

2

sao

perac

io

saqm

iano

bisT

vis

gamo

yene

bul

i

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da

ful

adi

saxs

reb

i

-34,

014,

392

-5,9

94-7

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862

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612

4881

7-1

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735

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630

42,1

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ful

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100

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130

100

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6

ful

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saxs

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eqvi

v-

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teb

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31

139

# 3.7. cxrilis monacemebidan Cans, rom 2014 wlis bolos wlis dasawy-

isTan SedarebiT fuladi saxsrebis naSTi Semcirebulia 16,588,130 (23,880,932-

7,292,802) lariT anu 127,46%-iT, rac uaryofiTad moqmedebs organizaciis

likvidobaze. fuladi saxsrebis Semcireba gamoiwvia saoperacio saqmianobis

wminda fuladi nakadebis uaryofiTma saldom _ 28,711,568 laris odeno-

biT, rac niSnavs, rom saoperacio saqmianobaSi moxmarebulia ufro meti

fuladi saxsrebi, vidre organizaciam gamomuSava. amasTan erTad, organi-

zacias aqvs finansuri saqmianobis wminda fuladi nakadebis mniSvnelovani

zrda 11,379,688 lari. aseve dadebiTi balansiT xasiaTdeba sainvesticio

saqmianobis wminda fuladi nakadebi, romelmac 2014 wlisaTvis 743,750 lari

Seadgina. 2010-2014 wlebis analizma gviCvena, rom saoperacio da sainvesti-

cio saqmianobis wminda fulad nakadebs saanalizo wlebis uaryofiTi dina-

mika mixedviT axasiaTebs. fuladi saxsrebis deficitis Sevsebas Tsk axdens

safinanso saqmianobis fuladi saxsrebiT. es ukanaskneli formirdeba dam-

fuZneblis mier kapitalSi ganxorcielebuli Senatanebisa da subsidiebis

saxiT da stabilurobiT xasiaTdeba. Sesabamisad, safinanso saqmianobis wmin-

da fuladi nakadis zrdam 2014 wels 11,379,688 lari Seadgina, rac wina 2013

wlis fuladi saxsrebis wminda zrdis maCvenebels CamorCeba 30,817,828 lar-

iT da Seadgens mis 26,97 procents, xolo sabaziso 2010 welTan SedarebiT

Semcirda 24,231,344 lariT da Seadgina fuladi nakadis wminda zrdis mx-

olod 31,96 %-i. wminda fuladi nakadebis struqturis analizma aCvena, rom

fuladi saxsrebis da maTi eqvivalentebis wminda nakadebis saerTo maCvene-

belis dadebiTi saldoTi xasiaTdeba 2010 sabaziso da 2013 weli, romelmac

Sesabamisad Seadgina 567,511da 22,976,068 lari. 2014 wels fuladi saxsrebis

uaryofiTma saldom Seadgina 16,588,130 lari. 2014 wlis fuladi saxsrebis

deficiti da fulad resursebze saoperacio da sainvesticio saqnianobis

moTxovna Seavso wina, 2013 welis finansuri saqmianobis fuladi saxsrebis

wminda zrdam. analizurma kvlevam aCvena, rom saoperacio saqmianobis mier

generirebuli fuladi saxsrebi masTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis dafarvas

ver uzrunvelyofen, rac warmoSobs seriozul finansur riskebs da uary-

ofiTad axasieTebs organizaciis gadaxdisunarianobas. fuladi saxsrebi-

sa da maTi eqvivalentebis mTliani wminda zrdis maCvenebelis cvlilebaze

gavlenas axdens saoperacio, sainvesticio da safinanso saqmiamobisaTvis

gamoyenebuli wminda fuladi nakadebis dinamikis cvlileba. Sesabamisad,

mizanSewonilia, rom fuladi saSualebebis Semodinebis wyaroebi da maTi

gadinebis mimarTulebebi gamovikvlioT saqmianobis saxeebis mixedviT.

saoperacio saqmianobis fuladi nakadebis analizis Sedegebi ganzo-

gadebulia # 3.8. cxrilSi.

140

cxrili #3.8

Tsk-is saopeacio saqmianobisa da fuladi nakadebis struqtura da dinamika 2013-2014 ww

#maCvenebl

ebi

2010 w

2011 w

2012 w

2013 w

2014 w

cvl

il

eba

lari

%l

ari

%l

ari

%l

ari

%l

ari

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el

Tan

2013 w

el

Tan

lari

%l

ari

%

Semodineba s

ul

55,6

24,8

65

100

69,9

39,8

52

100

77,1

51,9

87

100

102,2

68,7

79

100

115,4

63,1

51

100

59,8

38,2

86

208

13,1

94,3

72

113

m.S.

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adi s

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55,3

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28,5

47

56

42,4

58,8

91

55

46,7

55,0

49

46

49,9

96,8

27

43

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08

90

3,2

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78

107

2SeRavaTiani m

gzav-

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26,7

52,8

20

38

31,4

89,4

09

41

51,7

84,2

66

51

59,2

86,9

57

51

59,2

86,9

57

7,5

02,6

91

114

3

myidvel

ebisgan

miRebul

i f

ul

adi

saxsrebi

3,5

48,8

01

52,7

71,0

85

42,8

60,5

18

32,8

74,9

10

22,8

74,9

10

14,3

92

101

4

saoperacio s

aqmia-

nobis s

xva f

ul

adi

saxsrebi

261,4

30

0,5

509,6

84

1432,6

02

1868,9

46

13,3

04,4

57

33043,0

27

1264

2,4

35,5

11

380

gadaxdebi s

ul

-89,6

39,2

57

100

-77,4

06,7

48

100

-91,2

02,5

98

100

-120,3

62,4

79

100

-144,1

74,7

19

-5

4,5

35,4

62

161

-23,8

12,2

40

120

m.S.

0

0

momwodebl

ebze

gadaxdil

i f

ul

i-4

4,1

19,2

99

49

-37,8

65,8

21

49

-47,1

68,9

20

52

-47,2

80,9

91

39

-55,7

83,8

82

-94

-11,6

64,5

83

126

-8,5

02,8

91

118

TanamSroml

ebze

gadaxdil

i f

ul

i-3

5,4

31,9

00

40

-30,3

33,4

85

39

-34,4

36,3

25

38

-55,9

98,2

05

47

-63,1

76,7

48

-2198

-27,7

44,8

48

178

-7,1

78,5

43

113

gadaxdil

i g

a-

dasaxadebi

-10,0

88,0

58

11

-9,2

07,4

42

12

-9,3

40,8

76

10

-16,6

13,6

00

14

-16,4

89,4

00

-499

-6,4

01,3

42

163

124,2

00

99

sxva g

adaxdebi

0

-256,4

77

0-4

69,6

83

0-8

,724,6

89

6-8

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89

-8

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06

1858

5

wminda f

ul

adi s

ax-

srebi s

aoperacio

saqmianobidan

-34,0

14,3

92

-7

,466,8

96

-1

4,0

50,6

11

-1

8,0

93,7

00

100

-28,7

11,5

68

5,3

02,8

24

84

-10,6

17,8

68

159

141

# 3.8. cxrilis monacemebis Tanaxmad, saoperacio saqmianobis fu-

ladi saxsrebis Semodinebam 2014 wels 115,463,151 lari Seadgina da wina

welTan SedarebiT gaizarda 13,194,372 lariT da 12,9 %-iT. aRniSnuli

ganpirobebulia fuladi saSualebebis zrdiT mgzavrTa gadayvanidan

3,241,778 lariT da 6,93 %, mgzavrobis kompensaciidan 7,502,691 lariT da

14,49 %-iT, da sxva Semosulobis muxliT _2,435,511 lariT da 280 %-iT.

am ukanasknelis zrdis tempi maRalia da eqvemdebareba gaSifvras, raTa

dadgindes xom ara aqvs adgili Tanxebis ukan dabrunebas angariSval-

debuli pirebisgan, an biujetidan, an momwodeblebidan da a.S.

fuladi saSualebebis gadinebis mimarTulebebis analizma aCvena, rom

saoperacio saqmianobisTvis fuladi saxsrebis gadinebis saerTo Tanxa

Semodinebul TanxebTan SedarebiT zrdis ufro maRali tempebiT xasiaT-

deba. 2014 wels misma absoluturma sididem Seadgina 144,174,719 lari,

wina welTan SedarebiT gaizarda 23,812,240 lariT anu 19,78 %- iT. saop-

eracio samianobis fuladi saxsrebis gadinebis zrda, Semodinebis zrdis

temps 6,88 (19,78 _ 12,9) punqtiT aRemateba. kvlevam aCvena, rom fuladi

saxsrebis gadineba wina welTan SedarebiT, TiTqmis yvela mimarTulebiT

izardeba gadaxdili gadasaxadebis garda. kerZod, momwodeblebisTvis

gadaxdebi wina welTan SedarebiT 8,502,891 lariT anu 17,98 %-iT, xolo

gadaxdebi TanamSromlebisTvis _ 7,178,543 lariT da 12,82 %-iT gaiz-

arda. sxva gadaxdebis zrdam Seadgina 8,255,006 lari da 18 da metjer

aRemateba wina wlis maCvenebels. aRniSnuli eqvemdebareba gaSifvras,

raTa dadgindes xom ara aqvs adgili Tanxebis aramiznobriv xarjvas, an

xarji ramdenad kvalificirdeba saoperacio saqmianobis muxlad.

amrigad, saoperacio saqmianobis fuladi saxsrebis Semodinebis do-

nesTan SedarebiT, fuladi saxsrebis gadinebis maRalma tempma gamoiwvia

saoperacio saqmianobis uaryofiTi wminda fuladi nakadi anu 28,711,568

laris deficiti, rac wina welTan SedarebiT gazardilia 10,617,868 lar-

iT anu 58,68 %-iT.

sainvesticio saqmianobisaTvis gamoyenebuli fuladi nakadebis anal-

izis Sedegebi ganzogadebulia #3.9. cxrilSi:

142

Tsk -is sainvesticio saqmianobis fuladi nakadebis struqtura da dinamika 2013-2014 ww

cxrili 3.9.

#m

aC

ven

eb

leb

i

2010 w

2011 w

2012 w

2013 w

2014 w

cv

li

leb

a

lari

%l

ari

%l

ari

%l

ari

%l

ari

%2010 w

el

Tan

2013 w

el

Tan

lar

i%

lar

i%

12

34

56

78

910

11

12

13

14

15

16

1

sxva s

awar-

moSi m

onaw-

il

eobiT

miRebul

i

Semosaval

i

185,2

19

-18

425,0

00

-8.2

6450,0

00

-213

695,9

28

-61.7

1743,7

50

100

558,5

31

301.5

547,8

22

6.4

3

2

ZiriTadi

saSual

ebebis

SeZena

-1,2

14,3

48

118

-5,5

30,3

52

107.5

1-4

94,6

36

234

-1,8

11,6

36

160.6

4

1,2

14,3

48

-100

1,8

11,6

36

3

aramaterial

-

uri a

qtive-

bis S

eZena

-38,8

50

0.7

6-1

53,2

97

72,5

-2,0

40

0.1

8

0

2,0

40

4

investicia

sxva s

awar-

moSi

-13,5

00

6,3

9-1

0,0

00

0.8

9

0

10,0

00

5

wminda f

ul

a-

di s

axsrebi

saoperacio

saqmianobidan

-1,0

29,1

29

100

-51,4

4,2

02

100

-211,4

33

100

-1,1

27,7

48

100,0

0743,7

50

100

1,7

72,8

79

-172.3

1,8

71,4

98

251.6

143

2014 wlisaTvis saqmianobis am sferoSi adgili aqvs fuladi saxsre-

bis Semodinebas erTi muxliT „sxva sawarmoebSi monawileoba“. 2014 wels

am muxliT Semosulma Tanxam Seadgina 743,750 lari da zogadad, 2010

wlidan igi xasiaTdeba zrdadi dinamikiT. calkeuli wlebis (2011-2013)

mixedviT ganxorcielebulia fuladi saxsrebis gadineba grZelvadiani

materialuri da aramaterialuri aqtivebis SesaZenad.

safinanso saqmianobisTvis gamoyenebuli fuladi nakadebis analizis

Sedegebi ganzogadebulia # 3.4. diagramaSi.

diagrama 3.4

3.4. diagramis monacemebi mowmoben, rom finansuri saqmianobis fula-

di nakadebis formirebis ZiriTadi wyaro damfuZnebelis sawesdebo kapi-

talSi ganxorcielebuli Senatanebi da subsidiebis saxiT Semodinebuli

fuladi nakadia. 2014 wels fuladi saxsrebis Semodineba wina welT-

an SedarebiT Semcirda 30,817,828 lariT anu 26,97%-iT da 11,379, 344

lari Seadgina, 24,231,344 lariT. aseve Semcirda sabaziso, 2010 welTan

SedarebiT da Semodinebuli fuladi saSualebebis _ 35,611,032 laris mx-

olod 68,04 % Seadgina.

fuladi nakadebis moZraoba dadebiTi tendenciiT xasiaTdeba im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu: wminda fuladi nakadebi saoperacio nakadebidan aris

dadebiTi; wminda fuladi nakadebi sainvesticio saqmianobidan aris uary-

ofiTi, xolo wminda fuladi nakadebi finansuri saqmianobidan SeiZleba

iyos dadebiTi an uaryofiTi.

fuladi saxsrebis wminda nakadebis kvlevis miznebisaTvis mniSvnelo-

vania misi struqturis ganmazogadebeli Sefaseba saqmianobis saxeebis

mixedviT, romelic warmodgenilia # 3.10 cxrilSi.

144

fuladi nakadebis vertikaluri analizi saqmianobis saxeebis mixedviT 2010-2014 ww

cxrili 3.10.

#maCvenebl

ebi

2010 w

2011 w

2012 w

2013 w

2014 w

cvl

il

eba

lari

xv.wi-

li

%

lari

xv.wi-

li %

lari

xv.wil

i

%l

ari

xv.wil

i

%l

ari

xv.wi-

li

%

2010 w

el

Tan

2013 w

el

Tan

lari

xv.wi-

lis

lari

xv.wi-

lis

12

3

5

7

9

11

16

1

fu

lad

i s

ax

sr

eb

i

da m

aT

i e

qv

iv

al

en

-

teb

is

naS

Ti

saan

-

gar

iS

o p

er

io

di

s

das

aw

yi

sS

i

1,2

32,4

73

X1,7

99,9

84

X933,6

46

X904,8

64

X23,8

80,9

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X22,6

48,4

59

X22976068

X

2f

ul

ad

i s

ax

sr

eb

is

Sem

od

in

eb

a s

ul

91,4

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16

100

82.1

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11

100

91,8

35,2

50

100

145,1

62,2

23

100

12,7

58,6

589

100

36,1

65,4

73

139,5

6-1

7,5

75,6

34

87,8

9

m.S. saqmianobis

saxeebis m

ixedviT

saoperacio

55,6

24,8

65

60,8

469.9

39.8

52

85,1

877,1

51,9

87

84,0

1102,2

68,7

79

70,4

5115,4

63,1

51

90,5

059,8

38,2

86

29,6

513,1

94,3

72

20,0

5

sainvestico

185,2

19

0,2

0425,0

00

0,5

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0,4

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finansuri

35,6

11,0

32

38,9

511,7

44,7

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63

15,5

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88

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is

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ul

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82,9

75,9

50

100

91,8

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100

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55

100

144,1

74,7

19

100

53,3

21,1

14

X21,9

88,5

64

X

m.S. saqmianobis

saxeebis m

ixedviT

saoperacio

89,6

39,2

57

98,6

677,4

06,7

48

93,2

991,2

02,5

98

99,2

8120,3

62,4

79

98,5

1144,1

74,7

19

100

54,5

35,4

62

1,3

423,8

12,2

40

1,4

9

sainvesticio

1,2

14,3

48

1,3

45,5

69,2

02

6,7

1661,4

33

0,7

21,8

23,6

76

1,4

9

-1

,214,3

48

-1,3

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76

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9

finansuri

0

0,0

0

0,0

0

0,0

0

0,0

0

4

ful

adi s

axsre-

bis n

aSTi w

lis

bol

os

1,7

99,9

84

X933,6

45

X904,8

65

X23,8

80,9

32

X7,2

92,8

22

X5,4

92,8

38

X-1

6,5

88,1

10

X

145

cxrilis # 3.10.-is monacemebidan Cans, rom 2010-2014 wlebSi fula-

di saxsrebis Semodinebis struqturaSi ZiriTadi wili modis saoperacio

saqmianobidan miRebul fulad saxsrebze, kerZod, Tu sabaziso 2010 wels

es wili Seadgenda mxolod 60,84 %-s, 2013 wels- 70,45 %-s, 2014 wels ukve

90,50%-mde gaizarda, rac 2010 sabaziso wlis maCvenebels aRemateba 29,65

punqtiT, xolo wina 2013 wlis maCvenebelis ki -20,05 -iT.

sainvesticio saqmianobis monawileoba fuladi saxsrebis Semodinebis

procesSi araarsebiTia da saanalizo periodis ganmavlobaSi sainves-

ticio saqmianobidan fuladi nakadebis xvedri wili 1%-ze naklebia.

arastabilurad izrdeba fuladi nakadebis xvedriTi wili safinanso

saqmianobidan. kerZod, 2014 wels sabaziso 2010 welTan SedarebiT sa-

finanso saqmianobidan Semosuli fuladi saxsrebi Semcirda 24,231,344

(11,379,688-35,611,032) lariT, anu TiTqmis 68%-iT, xolo wina welTan

SedarebiT Semcirebam Seadgina 30,817,828 (11,379,688 -42,197,516) lari da

73 %-i. migvaCnia, rom 2014 wels finansuri saqmianobis fuladi nakadebis

Semcireba ganapiroba rigma garemoebebma. kerZod, Tsk-m 2013 wels ga-

naxorciela monitoringis sistemis rebrendingi da danerga axali pro-

eqti _ „konduqtori“. proeqtis ganxorcielebiT avtobusiT mgzavrTa

gadayvana gazarda 52,8 %-iT da fulad resursebze moTxovnis mniSvnelo-

vani nawili Seivso swored saoperacio saqmianobis fuladi nakadiT. 2013

wlis bolos fuladi saxsrebisa da maTi eqvivalentebis saboloo naS-

Tis zardam 22,976,068 (23,880,932 -904,864) lari Seadgina. vfiqrobT, rom

es safinanso saqmianobidan kapitalis Sevsebisa da subsidiebis saxiT

Semodinebuli Tanxis _ 42,197,516 laris is nawilia, romelic savaraudod

2013 wlis naSTSi „daileqa“ da fuladi saxsrebis deficitis dasafarad

gamoyenebuli iqna momdevno, 2014 wels muxliT `fuladi saxsrebisa da

maTi eqvivalentebis naSTi wlis dasawyisSi“.

fuladi saxsrebis gadinebis mTlian moculobaSi mniSvnelovan wils

aseve saoperacio saqmianoba ikavebs. misi xvedri wili wlebis ganmavloba-

Si ar Camodis 98% -is niSnulis qvemoT. 2014 wels fuladi saSualebebis

mTlianma gadinebam 144,174,719 lari Seadgina, rac sruli 100%-iT ganx-

orcielda saoperacio saqmianobaSi.

amrigad, cxrili # 3.10.-is monacemebi kidev erTxel adasturebs,

rom saoperacio saqmianobis mier generirebuli fuladi saxsrebi fulad

saxsrebze misive moTxovnas ver faravs.

fuladi nakadebis struqturis kvleva mniSvnelovania ara mxolod

saqmianobis saxeebis, aramed misi Semadgeneli muxlebis mixedviTac. ase-

Ti analizi iZleva imis saSualebas, rom detalurad warmovadginoT

fuladi saxsrebis generirebis wyaroebi da gadinebis mimarTulebebi,

146

gavaanalizoT maTi stabiluroba da ekonomikuri mizanSewoniloba. an-

alizis Sedegebi warmodgenilia cxrilSi # 3.11. _ fuladi saxsrebis

Semodinebis struqturisa da dinamikis analizi 2010-2014 ww da cxrilSi

# 3.12. _ fuladi saxsrebis gadinebis struqturisa da dinamikis analizi

2010-2014 ww., xolo grafikulad ki warmodgenilia diagramaSi 3.5.

diagrama 3.5.

# 3.11 cxrilis monacemebidan Cans, rom 2014 wels fuladi saxs-

rebis Semodinebis saerTo sididem 127,586,609 lari Seadgina. fuladi

Semosavlebis SedarebiT msxvil muxlebs warmoadgens mgzavrTa gaday-

vanidan miRebuli fuladi saxsrebi, romlis wili mTlian SemodinebaSi

2014 wels Seadgenda 39,19 %-s da SeRavaTiani mgzavrobis kompensacia

wiliT _ 46,47 %-i. saoperacio saqmianobis sxva fuladi saxsrebis muxliT

ganxorcielebuli Semodineba -2,59%-ia. 2010 sabaziso welTan SedarebiT

mgzavrTa gadayvanidan da SeRavaTiani mgzavrobis kompensaciis muxlebis

xvedriTi wili gazrdilia 25,10 (46,47-21,37) punqtiT,xolo wina welT-

an SedarebiT maTi wilis zrdam Seadgina Sesabamisad 6,98 da 10,79 pun-

qtebi. finansuri saqmianobis fuladi saxsrebis Semodinebis mniSvnelo-

vani muxlia subsidia 13-e xelfasis dasafinanseblad.misi xvedriTi wili

Semodinebis saerTo sididis 4,39 %-ia. fuladi saxsrebis Semodinebis

danarCeni muxlebis wili saerTo SemodinebaSi ar aRemateba 1 %-s. aR-

niSnulidan SeiZleba davuSvaT, rom organizacias aqvs mcdeloba miaR-

wios fuladi Semodinebis struqturis stabilizacias.

147

fuladi saxsrebis Semodinebis struqturisa da dinamikis analizi 2010-2014 ww.

cxrili 3.11

#

maCvenebl

ebi

2010 w

2011 w

2012 w

2013 w

2014 w

cvl

il

eba

lari

%l

ari

%l

ari

%l

ari

%l

ari

%

2010w-s

Tan

2013w-s

Tan

lari

%l

ari

%

12

34

56

78

910

11

12

13

14

15

16

1ful

adi s

axsrebi mgzavrTa g

adayvanidan

55,363,435

60,56

39,128,547

47,65

42,458,891

46,23

46,755,049

32,21

49,996,847

39,19

-5,366,588

-21,37

3,241,798

6,98

2SeRavaTiani mgzavrobis kompensacia

26,752,820

32,58

31,489,409

34,29

51,784,266

35,67

59,286,957

46,47

59,286,957

46,47

7,502,691

10,79

3

myidvel

ebisgan miRebul

i f

ul

adi s

ax-

srebi

3,548,801

4,32

2,771,085

3,02

2,860,518

1,97

2,874,910

2,25

2,874,910

2,25

14,392

0,28

4

saoperacio s

aqmianobis s

xva f

ul

adi

saxsrebi

261,430

0,29

509,684

0,62

432,602

0,47

868,946

0,60

330,4457

2,59

3,043,027

2,30

2,435,511

1,99

5

sxva s

awarmoSi monawil

eobiT miRebul

i

Semosaval

i185,219

0,20

425,000

0,52

450,000

0,49

695,928

0,48

743,750

0,58

558,531

0,38

47,822

0,10

6miRebul

i b

ankis procenti

161,032

0,18

360,362

0,44

134,363

0,15

232,616

0,16

1,189,688

0,93

1,028,656

0,76

957,072

0,77

7

subsidia me-1

3-e

xel

fasi -kapital

is

zrda

5,500,000

3,79

5,600,000

4,39

5,600,000

4,39

100,000

0,60

8

subsidia moZravi S

emadgenl

obis modern-

izacia-kapital

is z

rda

8,898,900

9,69

17,399,900

11,99

400,000

0,31

400,000

0,31

-16,999,900

-11,67

9subsidia b

iujetidan- kapital

is z

rda

35,450,000

38,78

1,138,4397

13,86

5,200,000

5,66

3,300,000

2,27

3,400,000

2,66

-32,050,000

-36,11

100,000

0,39

satransporto infrastruqturis mowes-

rigeba kapital

is z

rda

13,950,000

9,61

0,00

00,00

-13950,000

-9,61

sameTval

yureo s

abWos d

afinanseba

(kapital

is z

rda)

315,000

0,22

0,00

00,00

-31,5000

-0,22

metros s

adguris mSenebl

oba/r

ekon-

struqcia (kapital

is zrda)

1,500,000

1,03

790,000

0,62

790,000

0,62

-710,000

-0,41

10

sul

ful

adi s

axsrebis S

emosvl

a

91,421,116

100

82,109,611

100

91,835,250

100

145,162,223

100

127,586,609

100

36,165,493

0,00

-17,575,614

0,00

148

cxrili 3.12.

Tsk -is fuladi saxsrebis gadinebis struqturisa da dinamikis analizi 2010-2014 ww

#

2010 w

2011 w

2012 w

2013 w

2014 w

cvl

il

eba

1

momwode-

bl

ebze

gadaxdil

i

ful

i

-44,119

,299

48,56

-37,865,821

45,63

-47,168,920

51,35

-47,280,991

38,70

-55,783,882

38,69

11,664,583

-9,87

8,502,891

0,00

2

TanamSro-

ml

ebze

gadaxdil

i

ful

i

-35,431,900

39,00

-30,333,485

36,56

-34,436,325

37,49

-55,998,205

45,83

-63,176,748

43,82

27,744,848

4,82

7,178,543

-2,01

3

gadaxdil

i

gadasaxa-

debi

-10,088,058

11,10

-9,207,442

11,10

-9,340,876

10,17

-16,613,600

13,60

-16,489,400

11,44

6,401,342

0,33

-124,200

-2,16

4sxva g

adax-

debi

0

0

-256,477

0,28

-469,683

0,38

-8,724,689

6,05

8,724,689

6,05

8,255,006

5,67

5

ZiriTadi

saSual

e-

bebis S

eZena

-1,214,348

1,34

-5,530,352

6,67

-494,636

0,54

-1,811,636

1,48

0,00

-1,214,348

-1,34

-1,811,636

-1,48

6

aramate-

rial

uri

aqtivebis

SeZena

0

-38,850

0,05

-153,297

0,17

-2,040

0,002

0,00

00,00

-2,040

0,00

7

investicia

sxva s

awar-

moSi

0

0

-13,500

0,01

-10,000

0,01

0,00

00,00

-10,000

-0,01

8

ful

adi

saxsrebis

gadineba

sul

-90,853,605

100

-82,975,950

100

-91,864,031

100

-122,186,155

100

-144,174,719

100

53,321,114

0,00

21,988,564

0,00

149

cxrili # 3.12 -is monacemebidan Cans, rom 2014 wels mTlianad ga-

suli fuladi saxsrebi Seadgens 144,174,719 lars. fuladi saxsrebis ga-

dineba xorcieldeba ZiriTadad saTbob-energetikuli resursebis, ma-

salebis, saTadarigo nawilebisa da sxva sabrunavi aqtivebis SesaZenad,

aseve Sromis anazRaurebisTvis.2014 wels mTlianad gasuli fuladi saxs-

rebidan maT wilad modis Sesabamisad 38,69 %-i da 43,82%-i; fuladi sax-

srebis gadineba rogorc am mimarTulebebiT, aseve zogadad, stabiluri

struqturiT xasieTdeba. magram organizacia ver axerxebs, rom moTxovna

fulad saxsrebze Tavisi fuladi resursiT srulad dafaros da defici-

tis Sevseba xdeba gare wyarodan _ damfuZneblis mier ganxorcielebuli

fuladi Senatanebisa da subsidirebis gziT.

amrigad, fuladi saxsrebis da maTi eqvivalentebis nakadebis abso-

luturi maCveneblebis analizma aCvena, rom saanalizo periodSi or-

ganizacias rogorc saoperacio, aseve sainvesticio saqmianobis opera-

ciebidan uaryofiTi, xolo safinanso saqmianobidan wminda fuladi na-

kadebis dadebiTi saldo aqvs. 2010-2014 wlebSi saoperacio saqmianobis

wminda fuladi nakadebis uaryofiTi saldo mowmobs, rom organizacia ver

uzrunvelyofs fuladi nakadebis optimalurad marTvasa da mimdinare

saqmianobis operaciebidan fuladi nakadebis Semodinebis generirebas.

wminda fuladi nakadebis dadebiTi saldo erTaderTi finansuri opera-

ciebidan aqvs. finansuri saqmianobis fuladi nakadebis dadebiTi saldo

ar moicavs grZelvadian sesxebs da kreditebs da saoperacio saqmianobis

procesSi fuladi saxsrebis ukmarisobis da deficitis Sevsebis ZiriTad

wyaros warmoadgens. praqtikaSi aseTi tendencia riskis Semcvelia, radgan

sameurneo subieqts kreditis aRebisken ubiZgebs. rac Seexeba saanalizo

organizacias, mas deficitis Sevsebis stabiluri da saimedo wyaro aqvs

damfuZneblis subsidiebis saxiT. mivaniSnebT, rom mecnier-ekonomistTa

garkveuli jgufi miiCnevs, rom, normalur pirobebSi saoperacio saqmi-

anobis wminda fuladi nakadebi sainvesticio saqmianobis wminda fulad

nakadebs 50%-iT unda Warbobdes52.

fuladi nakadebis angariSgebis analizuri mniSvneloba ganisazRvre-

ba imiTac, rom mis monacemebze dayrdnobiT SesaZlebelia Catardes fu-

ladi saxsrebis moZraobis koeficienturi analizi, romelic uzrunve-

lyofs organizaciis gadaxdisunarianobis Sefasebas. gadaxdisunariano-

bis koeficienti gamoiTvleba Semosuli da gasuli fuladi saxsrebis

TanafardobiT. gadaxdisunarianobis koeficienti gansazRvravs Tu ra

donemde SeiZleba fulis Semodinebis iseTi Semcireba, rom organizaciam

52 gv. 393-394

150

riskis gareSe SeZlos aucilebeli gadaxdebis ganaxorcieleba. praqti-

kaSi, fuladi nakadebis angariSgebis monacemebis mixedviT gaingariSeben

gadaxdisunarianobis Semdeg sam koeficients:

• gadaxdisunarianobis saerTo koeficienti, rogorc mocemul pe-

riodSi gamomuSavebuli fuladi saxsrebisa da sawyisi naSTis (ga-

sul periodSi gamomuSavebuli fuladi saxsrebi) jamis fardoba

mocemul periodSi gasul fulad saxsrebTan; am maCvenebelis qve-

da dasaSvebi zRvaria 1.

• gadaxdisunarianobis mTliani koeficienti, rogorc mimdinare

periodSi gamomuSavebuli fuladi saxsrebis fardoba mimdinare

periodSi gasul fulad saxsrebTan; es maCvenebelic ar SeiZleba

rom 1-ze naklebi iyos, radgan gadaxdebiT warmoqmnili defici-

tis dasafarad organizacia iZulebuli iqneba mimarTos periodis

dasawyisisTvis dagrovil fulad saxsrebs.

• gadaxdisunarianobis koeficienti saoperacio saqmianobaSi ga-

moiTvleba rogorc mocemul periodSi saoperacio saqmianobaSi

gamomuSavebuli fuladi saxsrebis fardoba mocemul periodSi

saoperacio saqmianobis fuladi saxsrebis xarjTan;

gadaxdisunarianobis analizis Sedegebi ganzogadebulia cxrilSi

#3.13

151

Tsk-is gadaxdisunarianobis maCveneblebi 2010-2014 ww.

cxrili 3.13

#maCvenebl

ebi

2010 w

2011 w

2012 w

2013 w

2014 w

cvl

il

eba

lari

lari

lari

lari

lari

2010 w

el

Tan

2013 w

el

Tan

lari

%l

ari

%

12

35

79

11

13

14

15

16

1

ful

adi s

axsrebi d

a

maTi e

qvival

entebis

naSTi s

aangariSo

periodis d

asawyisSi

1,2

32,4

73

1,7

99,9

84

933,6

46

904,8

64

23,8

80,9

32

22,6

48,4

59

1937,6

422,9

76,0

68

2639,1

7

2

ful

adi s

axsrebis

Semodineba w

lis

ganmavl

obaSi s

ul

91,4

21,1

16

82,1

09,6

11

91,8

35,2

50

145,1

62,2

23

127,5

86,6

09

36,1

65,4

93

139,5

6-1

7,5

75,6

14

87,8

9

3j

am

i92,6

53,5

89

83,9

09,5

95

92,7

68,8

96

146,0

67,0

87

151,4

67,5

41

58,8

13,9

52

2077,2

05,4

00,4

54

2727,0

66

4

ful

adi s

axsrebis

Semodineba s

aopera-

cio s

aqmianobidan

55,6

24,8

65

69,9

39,8

52

77,1

51,9

87

102,2

68,7

79

115,4

63,1

51

59,8

38,2

86

207,5

713,1

94,3

72

112,9

0

5ful

adi s

axsrebis

gadineba s

ul

90,8

53,6

05

82,9

75,9

50

91,8

64,0

31

122,1

86,1

55

144,1

74,7

19

53,3

21,1

14

158,6

921,9

88,5

64

118,0

0

6

ful

adi s

axsrebis

gadineba s

aoperacio

saqmianobaSi

89,6

39,2

57

77,4

06,7

48

91,2

02,5

98

120,3

62,4

79

144,1

74,7

19

54,5

35,4

62

160,8

423,8

12,2

40

119,7

8

7

gadaxdisunarianobis

saerTo k

oeficienti

wina w

el

Si g

amo-

muSavebul

i f

ul

adi

saxsrebis g

aTval

is-

winebiT(st3: st5)

1,0

21,0

11,0

11,2

01,0

50,0

3103,0

2-0

,14

87,8

8

8

gadaxdisunarianobis

mTl

iani k

oefi-

cienti m

imdinare

saqmianobis m

ixedviT

(st2:st5)

1,0

10,9

91,0

01,1

90,8

8-0

,12

87,9

5-0

,30

74,4

9

9

gadaxdisunarianobis

koeficienti s

aop-

eracio s

aqmianobis

mixedviT (st4:st6)

0,6

20,9

00,8

50,8

50,8

00,1

8129,0

6-0

,05

94,2

5

152

kvlevam aCvena, rom organizaciis fuladi nakadebi arasaxarbielo

tendenciebiT xasieTdeba. kerZod, 2014 wels, wina welTan SedarebiT

fuladi saxsrebis Semodineba Semcirda 17,575,614 lariT. migvaCnia,

rom aRniSnuli garkveul wilad organizacias subsidirebis asimetriuli

(disproporciuli) politikis Sedegia,rac savaraudod gamowveuli iyo

saoperacio saqmianobis fulis masis generirebis prognozuli gaTvlebis

xarveziT. Tumca kidev avRniSnavT, rom ganxorcielebulma proeqtebma

dadebiTad imoqmedes saoperacio saqmianobis fuladi nakadebis zrdaze,

magram arasakmarisad imisTvis, rom uzrunvelyos fulis saWiro ode-

nobiT generireba. koeficienturma analizma aCvena, rom 2014 wels 2013

welTan SedarebiT gadaxdis unarianobis koeficientebis maCveneblebi

zogadad Semcirebis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba, xolo mimdinare periodisa

da saoperacio saqmianobis fuladi nakadebiT gaangariSebuli koefici-

entebi zRvrul dones bevrad CamorCebian da 2014 wels maT Sesabamisad

Seadgines 0,88 da 0,80-s. arsebuli mdgomareobis gamosworebis mizniT,

migvaCnia, rom mniSvnelovania da aucilebeli fuladi saxsrebis marTvis

optimaluri politikis SemuSaveba, rogorc likvidobisa da finansuri

mdgomareobis stabilizaciisa da gaumjobesebis aucilebeli piroba.

153

Tavi 4. Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis warmoebis efeqtianobis calkeul maCvenebelTa analizi

4.1. rentabelobis analizi

rentabeloba anu momgebianoba aris sawarmos saqmianobis efeqtiano-

bis Semfasebeli maCvenebeli. momgebianobis maCveneblebi gansxvavdebian ,

rogorc gamoyenebis miznobrivi daniSnulebis, aseve gaangariSebis meTo-

dikis mixedviT. zogadad rentabeloba SefardebiTi maCvenebelia, romlis

mricxvelSic mocemulia mogeba, xolo mniSvnelSi is konkretuli maCvenebe-

li, romlis momgebianobis donec ganisazRvreba. Tsk-s saanalizo periodSi

TiTqmis yvela weli dasrulebuli aqvs uaryofiTi finansuri SedegiT anu

zaraliT. Sesabamisad # 4.1 cxrilSi motanilia zaralianobis maCveneblebis

cvlileba saanalizo periodSi.

cxrili 4.1

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis zaralianobis maCveneblebi 2010 -2014 ww (%)

maCveneblebi 31.12.2010 31.12.2014 gadaxrazrdis

tempi

saerTo rentabeloba -83,51 -17,14 66,37 79,47

gayidvebis rentabeloba -60,76 -18,78 41,98 69,09

sakuTari kapitalis rentabeloba -11,26 -3,95 7,31 64,92

saaqcio kapitalis rentabeloba -22,25 -5,52 16,73 75,19

mimdinare aqtivebis rentabeloba -224,03 -59,20 164,83 73,58

sawarmoo fondebis saerTo rentabeloba -11,44 -4,15 7,29 63,69

yvela aqtivis rentabeloba -11,21 -4,00 7,20 64,29

finansuri dabandebebis rentabeloba 0,00 0,00 0,00 0

ZiriTadi saqmianobis rentabeloba -59,84 -16,17 43,67 72,98

warmoebis rentabeloba -28,34 -5,68 22,66 79,95

q. Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis rentabelobis (zaralianobis) maCven-

eblebis mniSvnelobebi mTel gansaxilvel periodze warmodgenilia cxrilSi

#4.2

154

cxrili 4.2

rentabelobis zaralianobis maCveneblebi 2010-2014 ww. (%)

mCveneblebi 31.12.2010 31.12.2011 31.12.2012 31.12.2013 31.12.2014

saerTo rentabeloba -83,51 -25,48 -19,38 -16,86 -17,14

gayidvebis rentabeloba -60,76 -25,48 -19,38 -17,83 -18,78

sakuTari kapitalis rentabe-

loba-11,26 -4,03 -3,32 -3,62 -3,95

saaqcio kapitalis rentabe-

loba-22,25 -6,55 -5,09 -5,01 -5,52

mimdinare aqtivebis rentabe-

loba-224,03 -86,57 -73,85 -35,93 -59,20

sawarmoo fondebis saerTo

rentabeloba-11,44 -3,92 -3,32 -3,76 -4,15

yvela aqtivis rentabeloba -11,21 -3,85 -3,25 -3,49 -4,00

finansuri dabandebebis rent-

abeloba0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

ZiriTadi saqmianobis rentab-

eloba -59,84 -23,25 -18,97 -16,09 -16,17

warmoebis rentabeloba -28,34 -8,77 -2,13 -4,60 -5,68

periodis dasawyisisTvis zaralianobis maCvenebeli sawarmoSi Seadgenda

-83.51 procents, xolo periodis bolosTvis -17.14 procents. cvlileba

periodSi 66.37%-ia. es ganxiluli unda iyos, rogorc dadebiTi momenti

vinaidan zaralis da misi SefardebiTi maCveneblebis Semcireba organizaciis

saqmianobis gaumjobesebasa da zogadad, efeqtianobis zrdaze migvaniSnebs.

sakuTari kapitalis zaralianobis cvlileba -11.26 -dan -3.95 procen-

tamde gamowveuli iyo sawarmos daufaravi zaralis 26,213,307,00 lariT

SemcirebiT saanalizo periodSi.

rogorc # 4.2 cxrilidan Cans, saanalizo periodSi zaralianobis maCven-

eblebis umetesobis mniSvneloba Semcirda, rac ganxiluli unda iqnas, ro-

gorc dadebiT tendencia.

155

grafiki № 4.1

rentabelobis zaralianobis maCveneblebi

საერთო რენტაბელობა,საბრუნავი აქტივების რენტაბელობა, %საწარმოო ფონდების საერთო რენტაბელობა, %ყველა აქტივების რენტაბელობა, %ძირითადი საქმიაობის რენტაბელობა, %წარმოების რენტაბელობა, %

4.2. finansuri mdgradobis analizi

Tbilisis satransporto kompiis finansuri mdgradobis maCveneblebis ana-

lizi absolutur maCveneblebSi warmodgenilia cxrilSi № 4.3

cxrili 4.3

finansuri mdgradobis maCveneblebis analizi 2010-2014 ww


ri gadaxra,

lari

zrdis

tempi,

%

1. sakuTari wyaroebi 399,205,190 465,725,140 66,519,950 16,66

2. grZelvadiani aqtivebi 380,895,134 436,158,615 55,263,481 14,51

3. sakuTari sabrunavi saSualebebis

formirebis wyaroebi 18,310,056 29,566,525 11,256,469 61,48

4. grZelvadiani valdebulebebi 0,00 0,00 0,00 05. sakuTari saxsrebis formirebis

wyaroebi18,310,056 29,566,525 11,256,469 61,48

6. moklevadiani sakredito da

sasesxo valdebulebebi0,00 0,00 0,00 0

7. sabrunavi saxsrebis formirebis

wyaroebis saerTo sidide grZel-

vadiani da moklevadiani sasesxo

saSualebebis gaTvaliswinebiT

18,310,056 29,566,525 11,256,469 61,48

156

8. balansis aqtivSi sabrunavi sa-

Sualebebis odenoba14,462,025 17,458,033 2,996,008 20,72

9. sakuTari sabrunavi saxsrebis

wyaroebis metoba 3,848,031 12,108,492 8,260,461 214,67

10. sakuTari saxsrebis wyaroebisa

da grZelvadiani sasesxo wyaroebis

namati

3,848,031 12,108,492 8,260,461 214,67

11. maragebisa da xarjebis

formirebis yvela wyaros saerTo

zomis namati

3,848,031 12,108,492 8,260,461 214,67

12. finansuri situaciis З- kompleqsiani maCvenebeli (S)

12.1. S1 dadebiTi dadebiTi 0,00 0



sawarmos finansuri mdgradoba

absoluturi

finansuri

mdgradoba

absoluturi

finansuri

mdgradoba

0,00 0

finansuri mdgradobis maCveneblebis analizi warmodgenilia cxrilSi № 4.4

cxrili 4.4

finansuri mdgradobis analizi 2010-2014 ww

maCveneblebi 31.12.2010 31.12.2011 31.12.2012 31.12.2013 31.12.2014

1. sakuTari saxsrebis

wyaroebi 399,205,190 434,055,170 451,171,457 482,539,927 465,725,140

2. grZelvadiani aq-

tivebi 380,895,134 416,526,552 432,606,176 437,203,181 436,158,615

3. sakuTari mimdinare

saxsrebis wyaroebi

maragebisa da xarjeb-

is formirebisaTvis

18,310,056 17,528,618 18,565,281 45,336,746 29,566,525

4. grZelvadiani val-

debulebebi0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

5. grZelvadiani

sasesxo saSualebebis

sidide koreqtirebu-

li sakuTari saxsre-

bis wyaroebiT

18,310,056 17,528,618 18,565,281 45,336,746 29,566,525

6. moklevadiani

sakredito da sasesxo

saSualebebi

0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

157

7. saxsrebis wyaroe-

bis saerTo sidide

grZelvadiani da

moklevadiani sasesxo

saSualebebis gaTval-

iswinebiT

18,310,056 17,528,618 18,565,281 45,336,746 29,566,525

8. balansis aqtivis sa-

brunavi saSualebebis

sidide

14,462,025 14,696,978 13,655,673 15,494,816 17,458,033

9. sakuTari mimdinare

saxsrebis wyaroebis

namati

3,848,031 2,831,640 4,909,608 29,841,930 12,108,492

10. sakuTari saxs-

rebis wyaroebisa da

grZelvadiani sasesxo

wyaroebis namati

3,848,031 2,831,640 4,909,608 29,841,930 12,108,492

11. maragebisa da xar-

jebis formirebis

yvela wyaros saerTo-

sididis namati

3,848,031 2,831,640 4,909,608 29,841,930, 12,108,492

12. finansuri situaciis З-kompleqsiani maCvenebeli (S)

12.1. S1 dadebiTi

1,00

dadebiTi

1,00

dadebiTi

2,00

dadebiTi

1,00

dadebiTi

1,00

12.2. S2 dadebiTi

1,00

dadebiTi

1,00

dadebiTi

1,00

dadebiTi

1,00

dadebiTi

1,00

12.3. S3 dadebiTi

1,00

dadebiTi

1,00

dadebiTi

1,00

dadebiTi

1,00

dadebiTi

1,00

sawarmos finansuri

mdgradoba

absoluturi

finansuri

mdgradoba

absoluturi

finansuri

mdgradoba

absoluturi

finansuri

mdgradoba

absolutu-

ri finans-

uri mdgra-

doba

absolutu-

ri finans-

uri mdgra-

doba

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis finansuri mdgradobis maCveneblebis

analizi warmodgenlia cxrilSi № 4.5

cxrili 4.5

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis finansuri mdgradobis maCveneblebi 2010-2014 ww


sxvaoba lari

zrdis

tem-

pi,%

avtonomiurobis koeficienti 1,00 1,00 -0,00 -0,00 nasesxi(moziduli) da sakuTari sa-

Sualebebis Tanafardobis koecifienti

(finansuri berketi)

0,00 0,00 0,00 0,89

mobiluri da imobilizebuli saSuale-

bebis Tanafardobis koeficienti 0,05 0,07 0,02 37,69

sakuTari da nasesxi saSualebebis

Tanafardobis koeficienti 228,57 226,55 -2,02 -0,88

manevrirebis koeficienti 0,05 0,06 0,02 38,41

158

maragebisa da xarjebis sakuTari saxs-

rebiT uzrunvelyofis koeficienti 1,27 1,69 0,43 33,77

sawarmoo daniSnulebis qonebis koefi-

cienti 0,99 0,97 -0,02 -1,66

grZelvadian mozidul sasesxo saSuale-

bebaTa koeficienti 0,00 0,00 0,00 0

sakredito davalianebis koeficienti 1,00 1,00 0,00 0

finansuri mdgradobis maCveneblebis analizi warmodgenilia cxrilSi № 4.6

cxrili 4.6

finansuri mdgradobis maCveneblebi 2010-2014 ww

maCveneblebi 31.12.2010 31.12.2011 31.12.2012 31.12.2013 31.12.2014

avtonomiurobis koeficienti 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00

sasesxo da sakuTari saSualebebis

Tanafardobis koeficienti (fi-

nansuri berketi)

0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

mobiluri da imobilizebuli sa-

Sualebebis Tanafardobis koefi-

cienti

0,05 0,05 0,05 0,11 0,07

sakuTari da sasesxo saSualebebis

Sefardebis koeficienti 228,57 232,62 338,48 289,26 226,55

manevrirebis koeficienti 0,05 0,04 0,04 0,09 0,06

maragebisa da xarjebis sakuTari

saxsrebiT uzrunvelyofis koefi-

cienti

1,27 1,19 1,36 2,93 1,69

sawarmoo daniSnulebis qonebis

koeficienti 0,99 0,99 0,99 0,93 0,97

grZelvadian mozidul sasesxo

saSualebaTa koeficienti 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

sakredito davalianebis koefici-

enti 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00

sawarmos finansuri mdgradobis absoluturi maCveneblebis analizma

finansuri mdgradobis samkompleqsian maCvenebelze dayrdnobiT, dinamikaSi

aCvena, rom SeimCneva sawarmos stabiluri qonebrivi mdgomareoba.

finansuri mdgradobis analizi fardobiTi maCveneblebis mixedviT, ro-

melic warmodgenilia cxrilSi 4.6., metyvelebs imaze, rom sabazro period-

Tan SedarebiT (31.12.2010) mdgomareoba Tbilisis satransporto kompaniaSi

saerTo jamSi imave doneze darCa.

159

maCvenebeli „avtonomiurobis koeficienti“ saanalizo periodSi ar

Secvlila da 31.12.2014-Tvis Seadgina 1. es im normatiul mniSvnelobaze me-

tia (0,5), romlis drosac sasesxo kapitali SeiZleba kompensirebuli iqnas

sawarmos sakuTrebiT.

maCvenebeli „sasesxo da sakuTari saSualebebis Tanafardobis koefi-

cienti“anu „finansuri berketi“ saanalizo periodSi ar gazrdila. rac

metad aRemateba es koeficienti 1-s, miT metadaa damokidebuli sawarmo

nasesx saSualebebze. dasaSvebi done xSirad ganisazRvreba yoveli sawar-

mos samuSao pirobebiT, pirvel rigSi, mimdinare saSualebebis brunvis

siCqariT. amitom damatebiT saWiroa ganisazRvros materialuri mimdin-

are saSualebebisa da debitoruli davalianebis brunvis siCqare saanal-

izo periodSi. Tuki debitoruli davalianebis brunva aRemateba mimdin-

are saSualebebis brunvas, es niSnavs sawarmoSi fuladi saxsrebis sakma-

od maRali intensivobiT Semodinebas, ese igi, saerTo jamSi _ sakuTari

saxsrebis zrdas. amitom materialuri mimdinare saSualebebis maRali

brunvadobisas da debitoruli davalianebis kidev ufro maRali brun-

vadobisas sakuTari da sasesxo saSualebebis Tanafardobis koeficienti

SeiZleba odnav aRematebodes 1-s.

„mobiluri da imobilizebuli saSualebebis Tanafardobis koefi-

cienti“ saanalizo peridoSi gaizarda 0.02-iT da 31.12.2014-Tvis Seadgina

0.07. koeficienti ganisazRvreba, rogorc mobiluri saSualebebisa (Sedegi

mimdinare aqtivebis mixedviT) da grZelvadiani debitoruli davalianebis

fardoba imobilizebul saSualebebTan (grZelvadian aqtivebTan, romlebic

koreqtirebulia grZelvadiani debitoruli davalianebiT). koeficientis

normatiuli mniSvneloba specifikuria yoveli dargisaTvis, magram sxva

Tanabar pirobebSi, koeficientis zrda zogadad dadebiTi tendenciaa, rac

saanalizo sawarmoSic SeimCneva.

„manevrirebis koeficienti“ saanalizo periodSi gaizarda 0.02-iT da

31.12.2014-Tvis Seadgina 0.06. es normatiul mniSvnelobaze dabalia (0,5).

manevrirebis koeficienti aCvenebs, sakuTari saxsrebis wyaroebis ra wili

imyofeba mobilur formaSi. maCveneblis normatiuli mniSvneloba damok-

idebulia sawarmos saqmianobis saxeze: fondtevad warmoebebSi misi normal-

uri done ufro dabali unda iyos, vidre masalatevadebSi. saanalizo peri-

odis bolosTvis Tbilisis satransporto kompanias gaaCnia aqtivebis „mZime“

struqtura. ZiriTadi saSualebebis wili balansis valutaSi 40 procentze

metia. amgvarad, sawarmo SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT fondtevad warmoebas da am

maCveneblis normatiuli mniSvneloba ufro maRali unda iyos.

„maragebisa da xarjebis sakuTari saxsrebiT uzrunvelyofis koeficien-

ti“ saanalizo periodSi gaizarda 0.43-iT da 31.12.2014-Tvis Seadgina 1.69.

160

zogadad, koeficientis normatiulimniSvneloba meryeobs 0,6-0,8 diapazon-

Si.. saanalizo sawarmoSi es koeficienti aRemateba normatiuls. aRniSnuli

koeficienti tolia sakuTari mimdinare saSualebebis wyaroebis da grZelva-

dian sasesxo saSualebebsa da grZelvadian aqtivebs Soris sxvaobis fardo-

bisa maragebisa da xarjebis sididesTan.

4.3. likvidobis analizi

likvidobaSi igulisxmeba aqtivebis swrafi da ioli mobilizaciis unari.

sabanko likvidobis ZiriTadi momentebi asaxulia ekonomikur literatur-

aSi, dawyebuli ХХ saukunis meore naxevridan, saxelmwifo bankebis wamge-

bian saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad, imis Taobaze, Tu ramdenad

mniSvnelovania Sesabamisobis dacva aqtiuri da pasiuri operaciebis vadebs

Soris likvidobis poziciebidan, ekonomistebi jer kidev ХIХ saukunis bo-

los werdnen.

likvidoba _ realizaciis, gayidvebis, materialuri da sxva saxis faseu-

lobebis fulad saxsrebad gadaqcevis siswrafe mimdinare finansuri val-

debulebebis dasafarad.

likvidoba _ esaa aqtivebis unari, gadaiqcnen fulad saSuale-

bebad swrafad da martivad, ise, rom SeinarCunon Tavisi nominaluri

Rirebuleba.

sawarmos likvidoba niSnavs sawarmos SesaZleblobas dafaros yvela

mimdinare finansuri valdebuleba.

likvidobis koeficienti aris maCvenebeli, romelic axasiaTebs kom-

paniis unars, droulad Seasrulos Tavisi moklevadiani finansuri val-

debulebebi.

balansis likvidobis analizi saanalizo peridoSi warmodgenilia cxril-

Si № 4.7

161

cxrili 4.7

balansis likvidobis analizi 2010-2014 ww


gadaxra lari

zrdis

tempi

absoluturi likvidobis koeficienti 1,03 3,55 2,52 244,22

Sualeduri (swrafi) likvidobis koefi-

cienti 3,20 6,89 3,69 115,10

mimdinare likvidobis koeficienti 3,20 6,89 3,69 115,10

sakuTari wyaroebiT mimdinare saSuale-

bebis dafarvis koeficienti 0,91 0,93 0,02 2,42

gadaxdisunarobis aRdgenis (dakargvis)

koeficienti 1,95 1,95 0

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis likvidobis analizi saanalizo peri-

odSi warmodgenilia cxrilSi № 4.8

cxrili 4.8

likvidobis analizi 2010-2014 ww

maCveneblebi 31.12.2010 31.12.2011 31.12.2012 31.12.2013 31.12.2014

absoluturi likvidobis koefi-

cienti 1,03 0,50 0,68 14,32 3,55

Sualeduri (swrafi) likvidobis

koeficienti 3,20 2,49 4,65 18,89 6,89

mimdinare likvidobis koefici-

enti 3,20 2,52 4,68 18,89 6,89

sakuTari wyaroebiT mimdinare

saSualebebis dafarvis koefi-

cienti

0,91 0,90 0,93 0,96 0,93

gadaxdisunarobis aRdgenis (da-

kargvis) koeficienti 1,17 2,61 11,22 1,95

rogorc 4.8 cxrilidan Cans, absoluturi likvidobis koeficienti

saanalizo periodis dasawyisisa da bolosTvis (31.12.2010 _ 31.12.2014) nor-

matiul mniSvnelobaze maRalia (0.2), rac imaze metyvelebs, rom sawarmo

sruladaa uzrunvelyofili yvelaze saswrafo valdebulebebis droulad

dasafari saSualebebiT yvelaze likviduri aqtivebis xarjze. saanalizo pe-

riodis dasawyisisTvis _ 31.12.2010 _ absoluturi likvidobis maCveneblis

mniSvnelobam 1.03 Seadgina. aRsaniSnavia, rom saanalizo periodis bolosT-

vis maCveneblis mniSvneloba gaizarda da Seadgina 3.55. aseve unda aRiniSnos,

rom saanalizo periodis bolosTvis maCveneblis mniSvneloba normatiul

doneze maRalia (0,5), rac, rasakvirvelia, safrTxes ar uqmnis sawarmos fi-

162

nansur mdgradobas, Tumca SesaZloa metyvelebdes sawarmos sakuTari saxs-

rebis siWarbesa da saWiroebaze, rom isini mimarTul iqnes ganviTarebisken.

Sualeduri (swrafi) likvidobis koeficienti aCvenebs, Tu moklevadiani

davalianebis romeli nawili SeiZleba daifaros yvelaze likviduri da swra-

fad realizebadi aqtivebiT. maCveneblis normatiuli mniSvneloba Seadgens

0,6-0,8, rac niSnavs, rom mimdinare valdebulebebi unda daifaros 60-80 pro-

centiT swrafad realizebadi aqtivebis xarjze. saanalizo periodis dasawy-

isisTvis (31.12.2010) swrafi (Sualeduri) likvidobis maCveneblis mniSvne-

lobam Seadgina 3.2. 31.12.2014-Tvis maCveneblis mniSvneloba gaizarda, rac

SeiZleba ganxiluli iqnes, rogorc dadebiTi tendencia, da Seadgina 6.89.

mimdinare likvidobis koeficienti rogorc saanalizo periodis dasawy-

isSi, ise mis bolos (31.12.2010 _ 31.12.2014) normatiul maCvenebelze maRalia,

rac imaze metyvelebs, rom sawarmo sruladaa uzrunvelyofili sakuTari

saxsrebiT sameurneo saqmianobis sawarmoeblad da saswrafo valdebule-

bebis droulad dasafarad. saanalizo periodis dasawyisisTvis (31.12.2010)mimdinare likvidobis maCvenebelma Seadgina 3.2. saanalizo periodis bo-

losTvis maCveneblis mniSvneloba gaizarda da Seadgina 6.89. aRsaniSnavia,

rom saanalizo periodis bolosTvis maCveneblis mniSvneloba noramatiul

doneze maRalia _ 2,5, rac, cxadia, ar uqmnis safrTxes sawarmos finansur

mdgradobas. Tumca SeiZleba metyvelebdes sawarmos sakuTari saxsrebis si-

Warbesa da saWiroebaze, rom isini mimarTuli iqnes ganviTarebisken.

radganac saanalizo periodis bolosTvis formirebis sakuTari wyaroe-

biT mimdinare saSualebebis dafarvis koeficienti Tavis normatiul maCven-

ebelze maRalia (0,1), gamoiTvleba gadaxdisunarianobis dakargvis maCvenebe-

li. gadaxdisunarianobis dakargvis maCvenebeli metyvelebs imaze, SeuZlia

Tu ara sawarmos uaxloes eqvs TveSi dakargos gadaxdisunarianoba mimdinare

likvidobis maCveneblis cvlilebis arsebuli dinamikis pirobebSi. perio-

dis bolosTvis maCveneblis mniSvneloba dadginda 1.95 doneze, rac imaze

metyvelebs, rom sawarmo ar dakargavs gadaxdisunarianobas, radgan maCvene-

beli erTze maRalia.

4.4. saqmiani aqtivobis analizi

zogadad qonebaSi dabandebuli saxsrebis brunvadoba Semdegi ZiriTadi

maCveneblebiT fasdeba:

• brunvis siCqare (brunvebis siCqare, romelsac saanalizo periodis

ganmavlobaSi asrulebs sawarmos kapitali an misi Semadgenlebi) da

• brunvis periodi _ saSualo vada, romlis ganmavlobaSic sruldeba

saxsrebis erTi bruni.

163

rac ufro swrafad brunavs saxsrebi, kapitalis imave sididis pirobebSi,

miT met produqcias awarmoebs da yidis organizacia. amgvarad, brunvado-

bis daCqarebis ZiriTad efeqts warmoadgens gayidvebis gazrda finansuri

resursebis damatebiTi mozidvis gareSe. garda amisa, radganac brunvis das-

rulebis Semdeg kapitali brundeba namatiT mogebis saxiT, brunvadobis daCqa-

reba iwvevs mogebis zrdas. meore mxriv, rac naklebia aqtivebis, upirvelesad

ki mimdinare (moklevadiani) aqtivebis, brunvis siCqare, miT metia dafinanse-

bis saWiroeba. gare dafinanseba ZviradRirebulia da garkveuli SemzRudavi

pirobebic gaaCnia. kapitalis zrdis sakuTari wyaroebi SezRudulia, pir-

vel rigSi, aucilebeli mogebis miRebis SesaZleblobiT. amgvarad, aqtivebis

brunvadobis marTvisas organizacia iRebs SesaZleblobas, naklebad iyos

damokidebuli saxsrebis gare wyaroebze da gazardos Tavisi likvidoba.

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis saqmiani aqtivobis maCveneblebis anal-

izi (dReebSi) warmodgenilia cxrilSi № 4.9

saqmiani aqtivobis maCveneblebis analizi 2010-2014 ww

cxrili 4.9

mCveneblebi 31.12.2010 31.12.2014absolutu-

ri gadaxra,

lari

zrdis

tempi,

%

wminda ciklis gamoTvla

materialuri maragebis brunvis periodi,

dReebi 95,14 46,37 -48,77 -51,27

debitoruli davalianebis brunvis peri-

odi, dReebi 25,74 24,24 -1,50 -5,85

sxva mimdinare aqtivebis brunvis periodi

, dReebi 0,00 0

xarjviTi cikli, dReebi 120,88 70,60 -50,28 -41,60

sakredito davalianebis brunvis perio-

di, dReebi 11,85 6,22 -5,63 -47,47

sxva moklevadiani valdebulebebis brun-

vis periodi, dReebi 0,00 0

sakredito cikli, dReebi 11,85 6,22 -5,63 -47,47

wminda cikli, dReebi 109,04 64,38 -44,66 -40,96

164

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis saqmiani aqtivobis maCveneblebis an-

alizi (dReebSi) saanalizo periodSi warmodgenilia cxrilSi № 4.10.

saqmiani aqtivobis maCveneblebis analizi (dReebSi) 2010-2014 ww

cxrili 4.10

maCveneblebi 31.12.2010 w. 31.12.2011 w. 31.12.2012 w. 31.12.2013 w. 31.12.2014 w.


materialuri marage-

bis brunvis periodi,

dReebi

95,14 76,85 63,97 46,64 46,37

dabitoruli daval-

ianebis brunvis perio-

di, dReebi

25,74 20,81 21,75 23,55 24,24

sxva mimdinare saSuale-

bebis brunvis periodi,

dReebi

0,13 0,22 0,08

xarjviTi cikli, dReebi 120,88 97,78 85,94 70,27 70,60

sakredito davalianebis

brunvis periodi, dRee-

bi

11,85 9,93 7,66 5,47 6,22

sxva moklevadiani val-

debulebebis brunvis

periodi, dReebi

0,08 0,07

sakredito cikli, dRee-

bi 11,85 10,01 7,72 5,47 6,22

wminda cikli, dReebi 109,04 87,78 78,22 64,80 64,38

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis saqmiani aqtivobis maCveneblebis an-

alizi (brunvebSi) saanalizo periodze warmodgenilia cxrilSi № 4.11.

saqmiani aqtivobis maCveneblebis analizi 2010-2014 ww

cxrili 4.11


gadaxra, lari

zrdis

tempi

materialuri maragebis brunvadoba, br. 3,84 7,87 4,03 105,20

debitoruli davalianebis brunvadoba,

br. 14,18 15,06 0,88 6,22

sxva mimdinare aqtivebis brunvadoba, br. 0,00 0,00 0,00 0

sakredito davalianebis brunvadoba, br. 30,81 58,65 27,84 90,37

sxva moklevadiani valdebulebebis

brunvadoba, br. 0,00 0,00 0,00 0

165

saqmiani aqtivobis maCveneblebis analizi (brunvebSi) mTel gansaxilvel

periodze warmodgenilia cxrilSi № 4.12

saqmiani aqtivobis maCveneblebi (brunvebSi) 2010-2014 ww

cxrili 4.12

maCveneblebi 31.12.2010 31.12.2011 31.12.2012 31.12.2013 31.12.2014

materialuri maragebis brun-

vadoba, br. 3,84 4,75 5,72 7,83 7,87

debitoruli davalianebis

brunvadoba, br. 14,18 17,54 16,83 15,50 15,06

sxva mimdinare aqtivebis

brunvadoba, br. 0,00 2 903,38 1 670,67 4 413,54 0,00

sakredito davalianebis brun-

vadoba, br. 30,81 36,75 47,81 66,74 58,65

sxva moklevaiani valdebule-

bebis brunvadoba , br. 0,00 4 834,25 5 563,64 0,00 0,00

saqmiani aqtivobis maCveneblebi axasiaTebs, pirvel rigSi, saxsrebis ga-

moyenebis efeqtianobas da meorec, maT didi mniSvneloba aqvT finansuri

mdgomareobis SesafasebisTvis, radganac asaxavs warmoebis saSualebebisa da

debitoruli davalianebis fulad saxsrebad gadaqcevis siCqares da mimdin-

are valdebulebebis dafarvis vadas.

#4.12 cxrilSi warmodgenili saqmiani aqtivobis maCveneblebi asaxavs,

Tu periodis ganmavlobaSi ra raodenobis brunvas asrulebs organizaciis

esa Tu is aqtivi an qonebis formirebis wyaro. brunvadobis maCveneblebi

gamoiTvleba, rogorc gansaxilveli periodis xangrZlivobisa da saqmiani

aqtivobis maCveneblis Sefardeba dReebSi.

rogorc #4.12 cxrilidan Cans, aqtivebis umetesobis brunvaTa raode-

noba saanalizo periodis ganmavlobaSi gaizarda. brunvaTa ricxvis gazrda

metyvelebs dadebiT tendenciaze. aseve dadebiTi tendenciaa isic, rom aq-

tivebis brunvaTa raodenobis zrdisas gaizarda amonagebic. 31.12.2010-dan

31.12.2014-mde periodSi amonagebi realizaciidan gaizarda 102.95%-iT.

saqmiani aqtivobis maCveneblebi (brunvebSi) saanalizo periodis ganmav-

lobaSi warmodgenila sqemaze #4.

166

sqema № 4.2saqmiani aqtivobis maCveneblebi

მარაგების ბრუნვადობადებიტორული დავალიანების ბრუნვადობადანარჩენი საბრუნავი აქტივების ბრუნვადობაკრედიტორული დავალიანების ბრუნვადობადანარჩენი კრედიტორული დავალიანების ბრუნვადობა


wminda ciklis xangrZlivoba gaiangariSeba, rogorc sxvaoba dakreditebi-

sa da danaxarjebis ciklebs Soris da aCvenebs, ramdenad kargadaa organize-

buli sawarmoSi sameurneo saqmianobis dafinanseba.

danaxarjTa ciklis xangrZlivoba gamoiTvleba, rogorc mimdinare aq-

tivebis brunvis mTliani xangrZlivoba, fuladi saxsrebis brunvis xangr-

Zlivobis gauTvaliswineblad, da warmoadgens dros, romelic aucilebelia

sawarmoo procesis gansaxorcieleblad.

amgvarad, rac metia danaxarjTa ciklis (dReebSi) brunvis xangrZlivoba,

miT meti saxsrebia saWiro warmoebis organizebisaTvis.

Tavis mxriv, mimdinare valdebulebebis brunvis xangrZlivoba warmoad-

gens sawarmos sakredito cikls. rac ufro xangrZlivia sakredito cikli,

miT ufro efeqturad iyenebs sawarmo mimdinare saqmianobis dafinansebis

SesaZleblobas sawarmoo procesis uSualo monawileebis xarjze.

rogorc # 4.12. cxrilis monacemebidan Cans, saanalizo periodSi danax-

arjTa ciklis xangrZlivoba Semcirda 50.28 dRiT da Sesabamisad -41.6%-iT,

rac sxva Tanabar pirobebSi miuTiTebs im tendenciaze, romelic uzrunvely-

ofs damatebiTi saxsrebis mozidvas sawarmoo saqmianobaSi.

167

saanalizo periodSi sawarmoo ciklis xangrZlivoba Semcirda 5.62 dRiT

da Sesabamisad -47.47%-iT, rac danaxarjTa ciklis xangrZlivobis Semcirebam

gamoiwvia.

saanalizo periodis dasawyisisTvis brunvadobis wminda cikli 109.04

dRes Seadgenda. saanalizo periodSi wminda ciklis xangrZlivoba Semcirda

44.66 dRiT da Seadgina 64.38 dRe, rac metyvelebs mimwodeblebisa da myid-

velebis kreditebis zrdaze, rac avsebs sawarmoo procesebis dasafinanseb-

lad saWiro moTxovnebs.

gadaxdisunarianobis analizi wminda aqtivebis gamoTvlis bazaze

• wminda aqtivebis Rirebuleba aris sidide, romelic miiReba mTliani

aqtivebidan valdebulebebis Tanxis gamoricxviT.

• qonebis, angariSsworebaSi saSualebebisa da sxva aqtivebisa da val-

debulebebis Sefaseba xdeba fass-ebis moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.

wminda aqtivebis Rirebulebis Sesafaseblad finansuri angariSgebis

monacemebis mixedviT dgeba angariSi. kerZod:

aqtivebis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis:

• grZelvadiani aqtivebi, romlebic asaxulia buRaltruli balansSi

Semdegi muxlebiT: aramaterialuri aqtivebi, ZiriTadi saSualebebi,

dausrulebeli mSenebloba, grZelvadiani finansuri dabandebebi,

sxva grZelvadiani aqtivebi;

• mimdinare aqtivebi, romelbic asaxulia buRaltruli balansSi

Semdebi muxlebiT: maragebi, debitoruli davalianeba, moklevadiani

finansuri dabandebebi, fuladi saxsrebi, sxva mimdinare aqtivebi. am

gaangariSebaSi ar Sedis aqcionereb isagan gamosyiduli im sakuTari

aqciebis gamosyidvis faqtiuri xarjebi, romelic gamosyidulia

Semdgomi gadayidvis an gauqmebis mizniT, aseve mewileTa davalianebe-

bi, romelic dakavSirebulia sawesdebo kapitalSimaT SenatanebTan.:

• sesxebsa da kreditebTan dakavSirebuli grZelvadiani valdebulebe-

bi da sxva grZelvadiani valdebulebebi;

• sesxebsa da kreditebTan dakavSirebuli moklevadiani valdebulebebi;

• moklevadiani valdebulebebi (garda Semosavlebis gadaxdasTan

dakavSirebuli mewileTa (damfuZnebelTa) davalianebisa)

• mosalodneli xarjebis anaricxebi da rezervebi;

• sxva moklevadiani valdebulebebi.

168

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis gadaxdisunarianobis analizi

wminda aqtivebis gamoTvlis bazaze saanalizo periodSi warmodgenilia

cxrilSi № 4.13.

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis gadaxdisunarianobis analizi 2010-2014 ww

cxrili 4.13.


ri gadaxra,

lari

zrdis

tempi,

%

gaangariSebaSi monawile aqtivebi

aramaterialuri aqtivebi 125,555 134,626 9,071 7,22

ZiriTadi saSualebebi 378,155,355 433,092,528 54,937,173 14,53grZelvadiani da moklevadiani

finansuri dabandebebi 2,614,224 2,931,461 317,237 12,14

maragebi 14,025,042 14,932,798 907,756 6,47

winaswar gadaxdili gadasaxadebi 436,983 2,525,235 2,088,252 477,88

debitoruli davalianeba 3,794,601 6,871,434 3,076,833 81,08fuladi saxsrebi 1,799,984 7,292,800 5,492,816 305,16

sul aqtivebi 400,951,744 467,780,882 66,829,138 16,67

gaangariSebaSi monawile valdebulebebi

moklevadiani valdebulebebi 1,746,554 2,055,742 309,188 17,70

sul pasivebi 1,746,554 2,055,742 309,188 17,70

wminda aqtivebis Rirebuleba (9-11) 399,205,190 465,725,140 66,519,950 16,66

gadaxdisunarianobis analizi wminda aqtivebis gamoTvlis bazaze mTel

gansaxilvel periodze warmodgenilia cxrilSi № 4.14

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis gadaxdisunarianobis analizi 2010-2014 ww

cxrili 4.14

maCveneblebi 31.12.2010 w. 31.12.2011 w. 31.12.2012w. 31.12.2013 w. 31.12.2014 w.

gaangariSebaSi monawile aqtivebi

1. aramateri-

aluri aq-

tivebi

125,555 107,583 145,619 36,069 134,626

2. ZiriTadi

saSualebebi 378,155,355 413,367,638 428,891,572 433,820,651 433,092,528

3.grZel-

vadiani da

moklevadiani

finansuri

dabandebebi

2,614,224 3,051,331 3,568,985 3,346,461 2,931,461

169

4. maragebi . 14,025,042 13,717,004 12,784,395 12,809,253 14,932,7985. winaswar

gadaxdili

gadasaxadebi

436,983 979,974 871,278 2,685,563 2,525,235

6. debitor-

uli daval-

ianeba

3,794,601 3,718,546 5,292,305 7,629,208 6,871,434

7. fuladi

saxsrebi 1,799,984 933,645 904,861 23,880,930 7,292,800

8. sxva mimdin-

are aqtivebi 0,00 45,379 45,382 0,00 0,00

9.sul aqtivebi 400,951,744 435,921,100 452,504,397 484,208,135 467,780,882

gaangariSebaSi monawile valdebulebebi

10.mokleva-

diani val-

debulebebi

1,746,554 1,838,676 1,332,940 1,668,208 2,055,742

11. sxva mok-

levadiani

pasivebi

0,00 27,254 0,00 0,00 0,00

12sul pa-

sivebi 1,746,554 1,865,930 1,332,940 1,668,208 2,055,742

13wminda aqtivebis

Rirebuleba

(14-21)

399,205,190 434,055,170 451,171,457 482,539,927 465,725,140

saanalizo periodSi wminda aqtivebis moculoba, romelic 31.12.2010-Tvis Seadgenda 399 205 190,00 lars, gaizarda 66 519 950,00 lariT (matebis

tempma Seadgina 16.66%) da 31.12.2014-Tvis maTma moculobam Seadgina 465 725 140,00 lari

waugeblobis wertili

waugeblobis wertili _ esaa warmoebis an sxva saxis ekonomikuri saqmi-

anobis done, rodesac sawarmoo produqtis, samuSaos an momsaxurebis re-

alizaciidan miRebuli amonagebis zoma tolia warmoebisa da am produqtis

mimoqcevis mudmivi danaxarjebisa.

mdumivi danaxarjebi aris sawarmos is danaxarjebi, romlebic ar aris

damokidebuli warmoebuli produqciis moculobaze.

mogebis misaRebad organizaciam unda awarmoos produqtis is raodeno-

ba, an ganaxorcielos minsaxurebis is moculoba, romlebic aRemateba war-

moebisa da momsaxurebis danaxarjebis sidides, xolo rac Seexaba waugeblo-

bis wertils, es aris produqciisa an momsaxurebis is moculoba, rodesac

sawarmos aqvs nulovani finansuri Sedegi da Tuki moculoba am wertilze

dabalia, warmoeba an momsaxureba wamgebiani xdeba.

170

waugeblobis wertilis analizi da misi cvlilebis dinamika, aseve misi

Semadgenlebis cvlilebebi saanalizo periodSi warmodgenilia cxrilSi № 4.15.

waugeblobis wertilis analizi 2010-2014 ww

cxrili 4.15.

maCvenebl 31.12.2010 31.12.2014absolutu-

ri gadaxra,

lari

zrdis

tempi %

amonagebi 53,805,293 109,196,004 55,390,711 102,95

cvladi xarjebi 32,236,967.14 33,670,764.07 1,433,796.92 4,45

mudmivi xarjebi 54,258,785.86 96,031,716.93 41,772,931.08 76,99waugeblobis wertili realizaci-

aSi135,356,350.34 138,844,706.16 3,488,355.83 2,58

mTliani zRvruli mogeba 21,568,325.86 75,525,239.93 53,956,914.08 250,17usafrTxoebis diapazonis abso-

luturi sidide-81,551,057.34 -29,648,702.16 51,902,355.17 63,64

usafrTxoebis diapazonis da

amonagebis Tanafardobis koefici-

enti

-151,57,% -27,15,% 124,42% 82,09

waugeblobis wertilis analizi mTel gansaxilvel periodze warmodge-

nilia cxrilSi № 4.16.

waugeblobis wertilis analizi 2010-2014 ww

cxrili 4.16.


amonagebi 53,805,293 65,876,338 75,815,717 100,147,646 109,196,004

cvladi danax-

arjebi 32,236,967,14 29,480,754,63 32,397,354,20 31,165,374,56 33,670,764,07

mudmivi danax-

arjebi 54,258,785,86 53,400,197,37 56,753,317,80 86,840,587,44 96,031,716,93

waugeblobis

wertili 135,356,350,34 96,654,844,50 99,100,776,81 126,074,138,01 138,844,706,16

mTliani zRvru-

li mogeba21,568,325,86 36,395,583,37 43,418,362,80 68,982,271,44 75,525,239,93

waugeblobis

wertilamde

gadaxra abso-

lutur gamo-

saxulebaSi

-81,551,057,34 -30,778,506,50 -23,285,059,81 -25,926,492,01 -29,648,702,16

diapazoni

waugeblobis

wertilamde

%-ulad

-151,57% -46,72% -30,71% -25,89% -27,15%

171

rogorc cxrili №4.16 gviCvenebs, saanalizo periodis 31.12.2014 bo-

losTvis waugeblobis wertili gaizarda 3,488,355.83 lariT da 138,844,706.16 lari Seadgina, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom uzaralo muSaobisaTvis sawar-

mom unda miaRwios amonagebis mocemul dones, romelic 138,844,706.16 lari

mainc unda iyos imisaTvis, rom aRmoifxvras uaryofiTi finansuri Sedegi.

waugeblobis wertili aris, amonagebis is done, romlis yovel damatebiT

fulad erTeulze sawarmo iwyebs mogebis gamomuSavebas. warmoebis radoneze

Sewyvets sawarmo mogebis miRebas. maCveneblis mniSvnelobam saanalizo peri-

odis dasawyisisTvis Seadgina -81,551,057.34 lari da gaizarda 51,902,355.17 lariT, rac dadebiTi tendenciaa. gadaxra waugeblobis wertilamde saanal-

izo periodis bolosTvis Seadgens -29,648,702.16 lars.

mocemul situaciaSi diapazoni waugeblobis wertilamde aCvenebs,

Tu ramdeni procentiT unda gaizardos amonagebi. aRniSnuli maCvene-

beli garkveulwilad gaumjobesebulia sabaziso welTan SedarebiT da

gazardilia 124.42 procentiT da saanalizo periodis bolosTvis Seadgina

27.15 %, rac dadebiTi tendencia.

saanalizo periodSi waugeblobis wertili da masze momqmedi faqtorebi

warmodgenilia grafikze #5 . waugeblobis anu uzaralobis wertilis mrudi

amonagebis mrudTan yvelaze axlos 2014 wels mivida.

grafiki № 4.3waugeblobis/uzaralobis wertili

ამონაგებიცვლადი ხარჯებიმუდმივი ხარჯებიწაუგებლობის წერტილი

172

4.5 gakotrebis albaTobis analizi

altmanis Z-angariSi

es meTodi SemoTavazebulia 1968 wlidan cnobili dasavleli ekonomistis

altmanis (Edward I. Altman) mier. kreditunarianobis indeqsi agebulia mul-

tiplikaturi diskriminantuli analizis safuZvelze (Multiple-discriminant analysis _ MDA) da SesaZleblobas iZleva, saorientaciod, daiyos sameurneo

subieqtebi potenciur bankrotebad da arabankrotebad.

altmanis koeficienti warmoadgens xuTfaqtorul models, romelic

agebulia aSS-is warmatebulad moqmedi da gakotrebuli samrewvelo sawar-

moebis monacemebze. gakotrebis albaTobis saboloo koeficienti Z gamoiT-

vleba xuTi maCveneblis daxmarebiT, romelTagan TiToeuls statistikuri

meTodebiT dadgenili garkveuli wona gaaCnia:

Z-angariSi = 1,2 × К1 + 1,4 × К2 + 3,3 × К3 + 0,6 × К4 + К5,

sadac: К1_ wminda mimdinare kapitalis wili organizaciis yvela aqtivSi

К2 _ dagrovili mogebis Tanafardoba aqtivebTan

К3 _ aqtivebis rentabeloba

К4 _sawesdebo kapitalis wili aqtivebis saerTo TanxaSi (balansis valu-

taSi)К5 _ aqtivebis brunvadoba.

altmanis modeliT Catarebuli mravalricxovani gamoTvlebis Sedegebma

aCvena, rom ganmazogadebelma Z maCvenebelma SeiZleba miiRos mniSvnelo-

ba [-14, +22] farglebSi. amasTan, sawarmoebi, romelTaTvisac Z>2,99, xvdeba

finansurad mdgradebis ricxvSi. sawarmoebi, romelTaTvisac Z<1,81, war-

moadgens gakotrebis maRali riskis matarebel sawarmoebs, xolo intervali

[1,81-2,99] Seadgens gaurkvevlobis zonas.

gakotrebis albaTobis maCveneblis (altmanis z-angariSi ) gamoTvla

saanalizo periodSi warmodgenilia cxrilSi № 3.30

173

gakotrebis albaTobis maCveneblis (altmanis Z-angariSi ) gamoTvla

cxrili 3.30

mCveneblebi 31.12.2010 31.12.2014absolutu-

ri gadaxra,

lari

zrdis tempi

koeficientis mniS-

vneloba -0,02 0,18 0,20 1 041,25%

gakotrebis alba-

Toba

gakotrebis al-

baToba didia

gakotrebis albaTo-

ba didia 0,00 0

gakotrebis albaTobis maCveneblis analizi (altmanis Z-angariSi ) mTel

gansaxilvel periodze warmodgenilia cxrilSi № 4.17

gakotrebis albaTobis maCveneblis analizi (altmanis Z-angariSi ) 2010-14 ww

cxrili 4.17


koeficientis

mniSvneloba -0,02 0,14 0,18 0,27 0,18

gakotrebis

albaToba

gakotrebis

albaToba

didia

gakotrebis

albaToba

didia

gakotrebis

albaToba

didia

gakotrebis al-

baToba didia

gakotrebis

albaToba

didia

saanalizo periodis bolosTvis (31.12.2014) altmanis maCveneblis mniSvn-

elobam Seadgina 0,18, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom sawarmoSi didia gakotrebis

albaToba. Tumca, Z-koeficinets saerTo seriozuli nakli gaaCnia _ arseb-

iTad misi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia mxolod msxvil kompaniebTan mimarTebaSi,

romelTa aqciebic kotirebulia birJebze. swored amgvari kompaniebisTvis

aris SesaZlebeli sakuTari kapitalis obieqturi sabazro fasis miReba. ga-

momdinare aqedan, am meTodiT daTvlilma Sedegebma saanalizo sawarmos ga-

kotrebis Seafasebisas garkveul uzustobamde SeiZleba migviyvanos.

tefleris Z-angariSi

1977 wels britanelma mecnierma teflerma (Taffler) SemogvTavaza

oTxfaqtoruli saprognozo modelis gamoyeneba, romlis SemuSavebisas

Semdegi midgoma gamoiyena: gamoTvlebis pirvel stadiaze gamoangariSdeba

80 Sefardeba gakotrebuli da gadaxdisunariani sawarmoebis monacemebis

mixedviT. Semdeg, statistikuri meTodis gamoyenebiT, romelic cnobilia,

rogorc mravalganzomilebiani diskriminantis analizi, SesaZlebelia ai-

174

gos gadaxdisunarianobis modeli, ganisazRvros kerZo Tanafardobebi, rom-

lebic saukeTesod gamoyofs kompaniebis or jgufs da maT koeficientebs.

Tanafardobebis amgvari SerCeviTi gamoTvla tipiuria korporaciis saqmia-

nobis zogierTi sakvanZo ganzomilebis gansazRvrisTvis, rogorebicaa momge-

bianoba, mimdinare kapitalis Sesabamisoba, finansuri riski da likvidoba. am

maCveneblebis gaerTianebiT da maTi Sesabamisi saxiT SekrebiT gadaxdisuna-

rianobis modeli qmnis korporaciis finansuri mdgomareobis zust suraTs.

tipiuri modeli iRebs formas:

Z=0,53*К1+0,13*К2+0,18*К3+0,16*К4

К1 _ wminda mogebisa da moklevadiani valdebulebebis Tanafardoba

К2 _ mimdinare aqtivebis Tanafardoba valdebulebebis TanxasTan

К3 _ moklevadiani valdebulebebis Tanafardoba aqtivebTan (balansis

valutasTan)

К4 _ realizaciidan miRebuli amonagebis Tanafardoba aqtivebTan (bal-

ansis valutasTan) Tuki Z-angariSis sidide 0,3-ze metia, es imaze metyvelebs,

rom firmas arc ise cudi grZelvadiani persperqtiva gaaCnia, Tuki 0,2-ze

naklebia _ gakotrebis riski savaraudoze maRalia.

gakotrebis albaTobis maCveneblis gamoTvla (tefleris z-angariSi)

saanalizo periodSi asaxulia cxrilSi № 4.18.

tefleris oTxfaqtoruli modeli 2010-2014 ww

cxrili 4.18.


gadaxra, lari

zrdis

tempi

koeficientis mniSvne-

loba 1,52 2,04 0,52 34,50%

gakotrebis albaToba gakotrebis alba-

Toba mcirea

gakotrebis

albaToba

mcirea

0,00 0

gakotrebis albaTobis maCveneblis (tefleris z-angariSi) gamoTvla

mTel gansaxilvel periodze warmodgenilia cxrilSi № 4.19.

175

tefleris oTxfaqtoruli modeli 2010-2014 ww

cxrili 4.19.


koeficientis

mniSvneloba1,52 1,38 1,97 3,70 2,04

gakotrebis al-

baToba

gakotrebis

albaToba

mcirea

gakotrebis

albaToba

mcirea

gakotrebis

albaToba

mcirea

gakotrebis

albaToba

mcirea

gakotrebis

albaToba

mcirea

saanalizo periodis bolosTvis (31.12.2014) tefleris maCveneblis mniS-

vnelobam Seadgina 2,04, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom sawarmoSi gakotrebis

albaToba mcirea.

lisis Z-angariSi

1972 wels ekonomistma lisma (didi britaneTi) miiRo Semdegi formula:

Z=0,063*К1+0,092*К2+0,057*К3+0,001*К4 sadac:К1 _ mimdinare kapitalis Tanafardoba aqtivebTan (balansis valutasTan)

К2 _ realizaciidan miRebuli mogebis Tanafardoba aqtivebTan (balan-

sis valutasTan)

К3 _ gaunawilebeli mogebis Tanafardoba aqtivebTan (balansis valu-

tasTan)

К4 _ sakuTari da sasesxo kapitalis Tanafardoba

maCveneblis kritikuli mniSvneloba Seadgens <0,037gakotrebis albaTobis maCveneblis gamoTvla (lisis z- angariSi ) saangari-

So periodSi asaxulia cxrilSi № 4.20.

lisis oTxfaqtoruli modeli 2010-2014 ww

cxrili 4.20.


gadaxra lari.zrdis tem-

pi

koeficientis mniSvn-

eloba0,22 0,22 0,01 3,06%

gakotrebis albaTobasawarmos mdgo-

mareoba myaria

sawarmos mdgo-

mareoba myaria 0,00 0

176

gakotrebis albaTobis maCveneblis (lisis z-angariSi) gamoTvla mTel gan-

saxilvel periodze warmodgenilia cxrilSi № 4.20.

lisis oTxfaqtoruli modeli 2010-2014 ww

cxrili 4.20


koeficientis

mniSvneloba0,22 0,23 0,34 0,29 0,22

gakotrebis

albaToba

sawarmos

mdgomareo-

ba myaria

sawarmos mdgo-

mareoba myaria

sawarmos

mdgomareo-

ba myaria

sawarmos

mdgomareoba

myaria

sawarmos

mdgomareo-

ba myaria

saanalizo periodis bolosTvis (31.12.2014) lisis maCveneblis mniSvne-

lobam Seadgina 0,22, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom sawarmos mdgomareoba myaria.

samive meTodikis ganxilvis Semdeg, romlebic warmodgenilia ganyo-

filebaSi „gakotrebis albaTobis analizi“, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saanalizo

periodis ganmavlobaSi situacia sawarmoSi daaxloebiT imave doneze darCa.

mTlianobaSi, rogorc saanalizo periodis dasawyisisTvis, ise mis bolos,

gakotrebis albaToba SeiZleba Sefasdes, rogorc dabali.

fiqtiuri (winaswarganzraxuli) gakotrebis niSnebis gansazRvra

fiqtiuri (winaswarganzraxuli) gakotrebis niSani aris is, rodesac mov-

ales aqvs SesaZlebloba, daakmayofilos kreditorebis moTxovnebi sruli

moculobiT im TariRisTvis, roca movale mimarTavs saarbitraJo sasamarT-

los gancxadebiT misi gadaxdisuunarod (gakotrebulad) cnobis Taobaze.

fiqtiuri (winaswarganzraxuli) gakotrebis niSnebis arsebobis an ar-

arasebobis dasadgenad tardeba im koeficientebis mniSvnelobebisa da di-

namikis analizi, romlebic axasiaTebs movalis gadaxdisunarianobas, da

romlebic gaTvlilia sakvlev periodze. movalis gadaxdisunarianobis

ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi maCveneblebi koeficientebis saxiT ganixileba 5.1.

cxrilSi. movalis moklevadiani valdebulebebis misi mimdinare aqtivebiT uz-

runvelyofis maCvenebeli sxva maCveneblebTan erTad, romlebic gamoiyeneba

fiqtiuri (winaswarganzraxuli) gakotrebis niSnebis gansazRvrisas, asaxulia

cxrilSi 5.1.

177

winaswarganzraxuli gakotrebis niSnebi 2010-2014 ww

cxrili 5.1.


gadaxra, lari

zrdis

tempi, %

absoluturi likvidobis

koeficienti 1,03 3,55 2,52 244,22

maRallikviduri mimdinare

aqtivebi1 799 984 7 292 800 5 492 816 305,16

mimdinare valdebulebebi 1 746 554 2 055 742 309 188 17,70

mimdinare likvidobis koe-

ficienti 3,20 6,89 3,69 115,10

likviduri aqtivebis si-

dide5 594 585 14 164 234 8 569 649,00 153,18

kompaniis valdebulebebis

aqtivebiT uzrunvelyofis

maCvenebeli

221,29 219,06 -2,23 -1,01

koreqtirebuli grZelva-

diani aqtivebis sididis

maCvenebeli

380 895 134 436 158 615 55 263 481 14,51

gadaxdisunarianobis koe-

ficienti mimdinare val-

debulebebis mixedviT

0,39 0,23 -0,16 -42,00

178

cxrili5.2.

fiqtiuri (winaswarganzraxuli) gakotrebis niSnebi 2010-2014 ww

maCvenebl

ebi

31.1

2.20

10

31.1

2.20

11

31.1

2.20

12

31.1

2.20

13

31.1

2.20

14

absol

uturi l

ikvidobis

koeficienti

1,03

0,50

0,68

14,3

23,

55

yvel

aze l

ikviduri m

im-

dinare a

qtivebis s

ididis

maCvenebel

i

1,79

9,98

493

3,64

590

4,86

123

,880

,930

7,29

2,80

0

mimdinare v

al

debul

ebebis

sididis m

aCvenebel

i1,

746,

554

1,86

5,93

01,

332,

940

1,66

8,20

82,

055,

742

mimdinare l

ikvidobis k

oe-

ficienti

3,20

2,52

4,68

18,8

96,

89

likviduri a

qtivebis s

idi-

dis m

aCvenebel

i

5,59

4,58

54,

697,

570

6,24

2,54

831

,510

,138

14,1

64,2

34

kompaniis v

al

debul

ebebis

aqtivebiT u

zrunvel

yofis

maCvenebel

i

221,

2922

5,74

329,

2328

0,97

219,

06

koreqtirebul

i g

rZel

vadi-

ani a

qtivebis s

ididis m

aCven-

ebel

i

380,

895,

134

416,

526,

552

432,

606,

176

437,

203,

181

436,

158,

615

gadaxdisunarianobis k

oe-

ficienti m

imdinare v

al

-

debul

ebebis m

ixedviT

0,39

0,34

0,21

0,20

0,23

179

absoluturi likvidobis koeficienti

rogorc № 5.2. cxrilidan Cans, saanalizo periodis bolosTvis

(31.12.2010) absoluturi likvidobis maCvenebeli gaumjobesda da normis do-

nezea (0,2-ze meti), rac mowmobs saanalizo periodis bolosTvis q. Tbilisis

satransporto kompaniis vadiani valdebulebebis dasafarad sakmarisi re-

sursis arsebobas. saanalizo periodSi maCveneblis mniSvneloba gaizarda

2.52-iT da Seadgina 3.55.

mimdinare likvidobis koeficienti

mimdinare likvidobis koeficienti rogorc saanalizo periodis dasawy-

isSi, ise mis bolos (31.12.2010 _ 31.12.2014) normatiul mniSvnelobaze _

2-ze maRalia, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom sawarmo sruladaa uzrunvelyo-

fili sakuTari saxsrebiT sameurneo saqmianobis sawarmoeblad da mimdin-

are valdebulebebis droulad dasafarad. saanalizo periodis dasawyisSi

31.12.2010-Tvis mimdinare likvidobis maCveneblis mniSvnelobam Seadgina

3.2. saanalizo periodis bolosTvis maCveneblis mniSvneloba gaizarda da

Seadgina 6.89. unda aRiniSnos, rom saanalizo periodis bolosTvis maCven-

eblis mniSvneloba normatiul doneze _ 2,5-ze maRlia, rac, rasakvirve-

lia, safrTxes ar uqmnis sawarmos finansur mdgradobas, Tumca SesaZloa

metyvelebdes sawarmos sakuTari saxsrebis siWarbeze da maTi ganviTarebi-

saken mimarTvis aucileblobaze.

valdebulebebis aqtivebiT uzrunvelyofis maCvenebeli

kompaniis valdebulebebis aqtivebiT uzrunvelyofis maCvenebeli axas-

iaTebs kompaniis aqtivebis sidides, romelic modis valis erTeulze, da

ganisazRvreba, rogorc likviduri aqtivebis fardoba kompaniis valdebule-

bebTan. Catarebuli gamoTvlebis safuZvelze (cxrili 5.2.) Cans, rom maCven-

eblis mniSvneloba saanalizo periodis ganmavlobaSi Seicvala. 31.12.2010-Tvis maCveneblis mniSvneloba iyo 221.09. saanalizo periodis ganmavlobaSi

maCvenebeli Semcirda 2.23-iT da misma mniSvnelobam Seadgina 219.06.

180

gadaxdisunarianobis koeficienti mimdinare valdebulebebis

mixedviT

mimdinare valdebulebebis mixedviT gadaxdisunarianobis koefi-

cientis dinamikis Sefasebisas 5.2. cxrilidan Cans, rom is Semcirda.

31.12.2010-Tvis am maCveneblis mniSvneloba Seadgenda 0.39, xolo 31.12.2014-Tvis Semcirda 0.16-iT da Seadgina 0.23.

winaswarganzraxuli gakotreba

sawarmos finansuri mdgomareobis ganxilvis SemTxvevaSi winaswarganz-

raxuli gakotrebis niSnebis gansazRvrisTvis, gadaxdisunarianobis maCven-

eblebis dinamikis analizisas saanalizo periodSi analizma aCvena ori koe-

ficientis gauareseba, ris gamoc saWiroa movalis winaswarganzraxuli ga-

kotrebis niSnebis gamovlenis meore etapis Catarebac, romelic gulisxmobs

sakvlev periodSi movalis garigebebisa da movalis mmarTvelobiTi orga-

noebis moqmedebebis analizs, romlebic SeiZleba gamxdariyo amgvari gaua-

resebis mizezi.

fiqtiuri gakotreba

sawarmos finansuri mdgomareobis ganxilvis SemTxvevaSi fiqtiuri ga-

kotrebis niSnebis gansazRvrisTvis, gadaxdisunarianobis maCveneblebis din-

amikis analizisas gansaxilvel periodSi, unda aRiniSnos Semdegi momentebi,

romlebic SeiZleba miuTiTebdes, rom movales aqvs SesaZlebloba, sruli

moculobiT daakmayofilos kreditorebis moTxovnebi fulad valdebule-

bebTan dakavSirebiT da (an) savaldebulo gadasaxdelebTan dakavSirebiT

sameurneo saqmianobis arsebiTad garTulebis an Sewyvetis gareSe, rasTan

dakavSirebiTac SeiZleba gakeTdes daskvna movalis fiqtiuri gakotrebis

niSnebis arsebobis Sesaxeb:

- gadaxdisunarianobis xarisxis maCvenebeli mimdinare valdebulebebis

mixedviT normatiul mniSvnelobaze naklebia (1,0).

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daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi

Sedegebis Sejamebisas unda aRiniSnos, rom saanalizo periodis ganmav-

lobaSi (31.12.2010 -dan 31.12.2014-mde) gamoikveTa Semdegi sakvanZo momente-

bi:

finansuri mdgomareobis zogadi Sefaseba

1. Catarebuli analizis safuZvelze balansis aqtivebis cvlilebis di-

namika mTlianobaSi SeiZleba dadebiTad Sefasdes; 2014 wlis bolos 2010

wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT balansis aqtivi da agreTve, balansis

valuta gazrdilia 16,67%-iT (66,829,138 lari) da Sesabamisad, saangariS-

gebo periodis bolosaTvis balansis aqtivebis da balansis valutis sididem

Seadgina 467,780,882 lari. aRniSnuli zrda ZiriTadad ganapiroba „ZiriTadi

saSualebebis“ muxlis gadidebam.

aqtivebis mTlian struqturaSi grZelvadiani aqtivebi, romelTa si-

dide 31.12.20101 wlisaTvis Seadgenda 380,895,134 lars, gaizarda 14,51%-iT

(55,263,481 lari) da 31.12.2014 wlis bolosTvis Seadgina 436,158,615 lari

(kompaniis mTliani qonebis 93%).

aqtivebis mTlian struqturaSi mimdinare aqtivebi, romelTa sidide

31.12.2010 wlisaTvis Seadgenda 20,056,610 lars, aseve gazrdilia 57,67%-

iT (11,565,657 lari) da saanalizo periodis bolosaTvis Seadgina 31,622,267

lari (kompaniis mTliani qonebis 7%).

maSasadame, aqtivebis mTlian struqturaSi mniSvnelovani xvedriTi wil-

iT warmodgenilia grZelvadiani aqtivebi (93,24%), rac metyvelebs aqtivebis

struqturis dabal mobilurobaze da iwvevs kompaniis saSualebebis brun-

vadobis Semcirebas. amasTan, igi metyvelebs zednadebi xarjebis mniSvnelo-

van sidideze da am ukanasknelis mniSvnelovan gavlenaze amonagebis sididis

cvlilebaze.

Tumca, amasTan aRsaniSnavia saanalizo periodSi mdgomareobis odnav

gaumjobesebis tendenciac. kerZod, saangariSgebo periodSi balansis mTlian

struqturaSi grZelvadiani aqtivebis xvedriTi wili Semcirebulia 1,75%-

iT.

mimdinare aqtivebis struqturaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani zrda gamowveu-

li iyo fuladi saSualebebis muxlis gadidebiT, romelic saanalizo peri-

odSi gazrdilia 5,492,816 lariT. kompaniaSi saanalizo periodSi aseve gazr-

dilia debitoruli davalianebis sidide _ 3,076,833 lariT, rac warmoadgens

negatiur cvlilebas da SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos problemebiT momsaxure-

bis anazRaurebasTan. es ki niSnavs sawarmoo procesebidan mimdinare aqtive-

bis ganyenebis da sabrunavi saSualebebis garkveuli nawilis imobilizacias.

Tumca Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis debitoruli davalianebis ganxil-

182

visas, SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom sawarmos saanalizo periodis bolosaTvis

(31.12.2014) gaaCnia aqtiuri saldo (debitoruli davalianeba metia kredi-

torulze), rac SesaZleblobas aZlevs SesTavazos Tavis klientebs ufaso

krediti 4,815,692 laris odenobiT.

2. sakuTari kapitalisa da valdebulebebis struqturis cvlileba

saanalizo periodis ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba umetes nawilSi negatiurad

iqnas aRiarebuli. saanalizo periodSi balansis pasivSi balansis valutis

zrda ZiriTadad gamowveuli iyo „sawesdebo kapitalis“ muxlis gadidebiT.

kerZod aRniSnuli muxlis zrdam Seadgina 137,176,971 lari (procentulad

es zrda Seadgens 67,92%-s) da saanalizo periodis bolosaTvis „sawesdebo

kapitalis“ muxlis sididem Seadgina 339,139,496 lari.

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniis sakuTari kapitalis cvlilebis

ganxilvisas aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom misi sididec saanalizo periodSi

gaizarda da 2014 wlis bolosaTvis Seadgina 465,725,140 lari (anu pasivis

mTliani sididis 99,56%).

aqtivebis formirebis wyaroebSi nasesxebi saSualebebis xvedriTi wili

saanalizo periodSi umniSvnelod gaizarda. 2014 wlis bolosaTvis nasesx-

ebi saSualebebis mTlianma sididem kompaniaSi Seadgina 2,055,742 lari (anu

pasivebis mTliani sididis 0,44%). zogadad, nasesxebi saSualebebis zrdas

sawarmo mihyavs misi finansuri riskebis xarisxis amaRlebisaken da SeiZleba

uaryofiTi gavlena iqonios mis finansur mdgradobaze.

kompaniis rezervebis analizisas SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom misi sidide

saanalizo periodSi Semcirda 2,817,327 lariT da saangariSgebo periodis

bolosaTvis Seadgina _ 46,360,428 lari. rac Seexeba daufaravi zaralis si-

dides igi saanalizo periodSi gazrdilia 67,676,363 lariT da misma sididem

2014 wlis bolosaTvis Seadgina 186,007,778 lari (procentulad es zrda

Seadgens 57,19%). mTlianobaSi zemoaRniSnuli SeiZleba SevafasoT rogorc

uaryofiTi tendencia, ramdenadac rezervebis Semcireba, daufaravi zara-

lis zrda metyvelebs kompaniis araefeqtur saqmianobaze.

3. sawarmos finansuri mdgradobis analizi dinamikaSi aCvenebs sawarmos

finansuri mdgradobis SenarCunebis tendencias. rogorc saanalizo perio-

dis dasawyisSi (31.12.2010), aseve saangariSgebo periodis bolos (31.12.2014)

finansuri mdgradoba Tbilisis satransporto kompaniaSi (gaanalizebuli

samkompleqsiani maCveneblebiT) SeiZleba davaxasiaToT rogorc „absolutu-

ri finansuri mdgradoba“, ramdenadac rogorc saanalizo periodis dasawy-

isSi, aseve saanalizo periodis bolos, sawarmos gaaCnia sakmarisi sakuTari

saSualebebi maragebisa da xarjebis formirebisaTvis.

gaanalizebuli koeficientebidan aRsaniSnavia _ „avtonomiurobis koe-

ficienti“, „nasesxeb da sakuTar saSualebaTa fardobis koeficienti“, „mobi-

183

lur da imobilizebul saSualebaTa Tanafardobis koeficienti“ da „manevri-

rebis koeficienti“.

„avtonomiurobis koeficienti“ rogorc saanalizo periodis dasawyisSi

(31.12.2010) aseve saanalizo periodis bolos (31.12.2014) Seadgens K=1,0. es

maCvenebeli maRalia normatiul mniSvnelobaze (K=0,5), romlis pirobebSi

nasesxebi kapitali SeiZleba kompensirebuli iqnes kompaniis sakuTrebiT.

„nasesxebi da sakuTar saSualebaTa fardobis koeficienti“ (finansuri

berketi), rogorc saanalizo periodis dasawyisSi, aseve saanalizo periodis

bolos (31.12.2014) Seadgens K=0. rac ufro metia es koeficienti 1-ze, miT

ufro maRalia sawarmos damokidebuleba nasesxeb saSualebebze.

„mobilur da imobilizebul saSualebaTa Tanafardobis“ koeficienti

saanalizo periodSi gaizarda 0,02-iT da saangariSgebo periodis bolos-

aTvis (31.12.2014) Seadgina 0,07. aRniSnuli koeficienti ganisazRvreba ro-

gorc fardoba mobiluri saSualebebisa (balansis aqtivis I ganayofis jami)

grZelvadiani debitoruli davalianebebis imobilizebul saSualebebTan

(grZelvadiani aqtivebi koreqtirebuli grZelvadiani xasiaTis debitoruli

davalianebebiT). misi normatiuli mniSvneloba specifiuria yoveli calkeu-

li dargisaTvis, magram sxva Tanabar pirobebSi koeficientis zrda warmoad-

gens dadebiT tendencias.

„manevrirebis koeficienti“ saanalizo periodSi gaizarda 0,02-iT da

saangariSgebo periodis bolosaTvis (31.12.2014) Seadgina 0,06. aRniSnuli

maCvenebeli dabalia mis normatiul mniSvnelobaze (0,5). manevrirebis koe-

ficienti axasiaTebs Tu sakuTar saSualebaTa wyaroebis ra xvedriTi wili

imyofeba mobilur formaSi. aRniSnuli koeficientis normatiuli mniSvne-

loba damokidebulia sawarmos saqmianobis xasiaTze. vinaidan Tbilisis sa-

transporto kompanias gaaCnia aqtivebis mZime struqtura, kerZod, ZiriTadi

saSualebebis xveriTi wili balansis valutis 93 procents aRemateba. aqedan

gamomdinare, kompania SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT fondtevad sawarmoebs da cxa-

dia, koeficientis normatiuli mniSvneloba dabali unda iyos.

4. gadaxdisunarianobis maCvenebeli metyvelebs imaze, SeuZlia Tu ara

sawarmos uaxloes eqvs TveSi dakargos gadaxdisunarianoba mimdinare likvi-

dobis maCveneblis cvlilebis arsebuli dinamikis pirobebSi. periodis bo-

losTvis maCveneblis mniSvneloba 1.95-ia, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom sawarmo

inarCunebs gadaxdisunarianobas, radgan koeficienti erTze maRalia.

saanalizo periodSi wminda aqtivebis moculoba, romelic 31.12.2010-Tvis Seadgenda 399,205,190 lars, gaizarda 66,519,950 lariT (zrdis tempma

Seadgina 16.66% ) da 31.12.2014-Tvis maTma moculobam Seadgina 465 725 140 lari.

sanalizo periodis dasawyisisTvis brunvadobis wminda cikli 109.04

184

dRes Seadgenda. saanalizo periodSi wminda ciklis xangrZlivoba Semcirda

44.66 dRiT da Seadgina 64.38 dRe, rac metyvelebs dadebiT tendenciaze, mim-

wodeblebisa da myidvelebis kreditebis zrdaze, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva,

daifaros sawarmoo procesis dafinansebis saWiroeba.

5. naSromis 2.4 qveTavSi warmodgenilia balansis racionaluri struq-

turis 5 samodelo varianti Sesabamisi ganmartebebiT. Tsk-s balansis

struqturis Seswavlisas aRmoCnda, rom is pirvel models ufro miesad-

ageba. analizis maCveneblebis mixedviT sakuTari kapitalis wili 99,56%-

s Seadgens da is calsaxad aRemateba grZelvadian aqtivebs, xolo mimdin-

are aqtivebi 15-jer aRemateba mimdinare valdebulebebs, rac TavisTavad

kompaniis finansuri stabilurobis maCvenebelia.

6. mogexsenebaT rentabeloba niSnavs momgebianobas. sawarmo momgebi-

ania, Tu igi produqciis (samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) warmoebasa da real-

izaciaze gaweuli danaxarjebis dafarvis Semdeg Rebulobs Semosavals

mogebis saxiT. Semosavlianobis absoluturi maCvenebelia mogebis an

Semosavlebis Tanxa, xolo Semosavlianobis (momgebianobis) SefardebiTi

maCvenebelia rentabeloba.

marTalia, rentabelobis maCveneblebi ganisazRvreba momgebianobis

sxvadasxva poziciidan, magram rodesac saanalizo sawarmo zaraliania,

iq yovelgvari rentabelobis maCveneblebis gaangariSeba azrs hkargavs.

Tumca Cven SegviZlia vimsjeloT da gavaanalizoT is faqtorebi romlebic

Semosavlianobis absolutur maCvenebelze _ mogebaze axdenen gavlenas.

unda aRiniSnos, rom Tbilisis satransporto kompaniaSi realizaci-

idan amonagebi saanalizo periodSi TiTqmis orjer gaizarda. kerZod,

gayidvebis moculobis cvlilebam saanalizo periodSi Seadgina 55,390,711

lari, anu zrdis tempi Seadgens 102,95%-s.

amasTan, zaralis sidide saanalizo periodis dasawyisSi (31.12.2010)

Tu Seadgenda 32,690,460 lars, misi sidide saanalizo periodSi Semcirda

21,449,413 lariT, rac Sefasebuli unda iqnes rogorc dadebiTi faqti,

ris safuZvelzec saangariSgebo periodis bolosaTvis saerTo zaralis

sididem Seadgina 11,241,047 lari.

zarali gayidvebidan saanalizo periodis dasawyisSi (31.12.2010) ig-

ive iyo rac saerTo zarali da Seadgenda 32,690,460 laris daufarav

zarals. misi sidide saangariSgebo periodSi Semcirda 12,183,983 lariT

da daufaravi zaralis sididem saanalizo periodis bolosaTvis Seadgina

20,506,477 lari.

kompaniis saqmianobis efeqtianobis amaRlebis erT-erT maCveneblad

SeiZleba davasaxeloT amonagebis ufro maRali zrdis tempi (102,95%)

TviTRirebulebis zrdis tempTan SedarebiT (39,24%).

185

aseve saanalizo periodSi dadebiT momentad SeiZleba CaiTvalos

„sxva Semosavlebis“ muxlis dadebiTi saldo _ 1 849 251 lari (zrdis

tempi 44,7%) da „sxva xarjebis“ muxlis Semcireba _ 11 230 650 lariT

(zrdis tempi _ 64,85%).

Tbilisis satransporto kompaniaSi Semosavlebisa da xarjebis din-

amikis ganxilvis Sedegad SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom saanalizo periodSi

es cvlileba dadebiTi iyo, Tumca yuradRebis aRniSvnis Rirsia Semdegi

momentebi: mmarTvelobiTi xarjebis zrda, sxva Semosavlebis gadideba da

sxva xarjebis Semcireba.

saanalizo periodSi rentabelobis (zaralianobis maCveneblebis umetesobis mniSvnelovani Semcireba) maCvenebelTa umravlesobis mniSvne-lobebi gaizarda, rac gnaxiluli unda iqnas, rogorc ufro dadebiTi ten-

dencia.

warmoebis efeqtianobis calkeul maCvenebelTa diagnostika

1. rogorc saanalizo periodis dasawyisisTvis, aseve saanalizo perio-

dis bolosTvis sawarmos sakmarisi sakuTari saxsrebi gaaCnia maragebisa da

danaxarjebis formirebisaTvis.

2. samive meTodis ganxilvis Semdeg, romlebic warmodgenilia ganyo-

filebaSi „gakotrebis albaTobis analizi“, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saanalizo

periodis ganmavlobaSi situacia sawarmoSi daaxloebiT imave doneze darCa.

mTlianobaSi, rogorc saanalizo periodis dasawyisSi, ise mis bolos, ga-

kotrebis albaToba SeiZleba Sefasdes, rogorc dabali.

3. samgzavro tarifebis formirebis arsebuli meTodebis analizis sa-

fuZvelze da saavtomobilo transportiT gadayvanebis TviTRirebulebis

kalkulirebis TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, rac ganpirobebulia

saeqspluatacio xarjebsa da satransporto produqciis moculobas

Soris pirdapiri kavSiris ararsebobiT, SeiZleba dazustdes samgzavro

gadayvanebis tarifikaciis meTodika. Tbilisis satransporto kompaniaSi

ar arsebobs kvlevaze dafuZnebuli tarifebis gaangariSebis politika

da, Sesabamisad, meTodologia.

meTodika unda iTvaliswinebdes ekonomikurad dasabuTebul danaxar-

jebs da gadaxdisunariani mosaxleobis moTxovnilebas, samgzavro tar-

ifebis formirebisa da avtotransportis sawarmoebisTvis dotaciis do-

nis gansazRvris variantulobas. aRniSnulis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia

SemuSavdes tarifebis gaangariSebis Semdegi ori midgoma (varianti).

pirveli varianti tarifebis diferencirebis SesaZleblobas iZleva

satarifo jgufebis mixedviT, romlebSic Sedis teritoriuli warmon-

186

aqmnebi, erTgvarovani mgzavrobebi saSualo manZilze, romelzec damok-

idebulia cvladi xarjebi da gadayvanis TviTRirebuleba.

meore variantiT dgindeba erTiani tarifi mTel teritoriaze, xolo

dotaciis done ganisazRvreba diferencirebulad yoveli teritoriuli

qvedanayofisTvis, erTiani tarifis sidididan da satarifo jgufebis

mixedviT diferencirebuli tarifidan gamomdinare.

4. danaxarjebis aRricxvis swor organizaciasa da momsaxurebis

TviTRirebulebis kalkulaciis adekvaturi meTodis danergvas arsebiTi

mniSvneloba aqvs mgzavrTa gadayvanis TviTRirebulebis gansazRvrisT-

vis, radgan am ukanasknelis done da struqtura warmoadgens mgzavrTa

gadayvanis optimaluri tarifebis SemuSavebis safuZvels. amitom:

• arsebiTad mniSvnelovania SemuSavdes da saaRricxvo politi-

kaSi aisaxos danaxarjebis aRricxvisa da mgzavrTa gadayvanis

TviTRirebulebis kalkulaciis meTodika da meTodologia;

• transportis eqsploataciis danaxarjebis aRricxvis swori or-

ganizaciisa da mgzavrTa gadayvanis TviTRirebulebis saimedod

gamoTvlisaTvis aucilebelia avtosatransporto procesis or-

ganizaciisa da teqnologiuri Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswineba;

• sawarmoo xarjebis Semadgenloba klasificirdes maTi qcevis

mixedviT: cvladi, mudmivi da Sereuli qcevis xarjebad;

• kompaniaSi ar aris dadgenili marSrutebis gansazRvris politi-

ka. calkeuli samarSruto xazis, rogorc kalkulaciis obieqtis

mixedviT, SemuSavdes „marSrutis kalkulacia“, raTa gaangariSe-

badi iyos calkeuli samarSruto xazis rentabeloba da mosa-

lodneli finansuri Sedegi (mogeba/zarali); axali marSutebis

dadgenisas aucilebelia gaTvalisiwnebuli iyos marSrutis sig-

rZe, misi dafarvis sruli dro, sxvadasxva marSutis gadakveTa/

urTierTgadafarva da a.S. aseve aucilebelia gansazRvruli

iyos aRricxvis warmoeba danarxarjebis centrebis mixedviT,

rac SesaZlebels gaxdis yvela marSutis mixedviT ganisazRvros

waugeblobis wertili. naSromis bolos danarTis saxiT moce-

mulia mgzavrebis regularuli gadayvanisa da tarifebis gaan-

gariSebis meToduri rekomendaciebi.

• SemuSavdes sawarmoo xarjebis STanTqmis (mikuTvnebis) ekonomi-

kurad dasabuTebuli meTodi da ganisazRvros kalkulaciis obi-

eqtebze maTi ganawilebis samoqmedo wesi.

daskvnebisa da rekomendaciebis SemuSavebisas saWirod CavTvaleT

ZiriTadi saSualebebis analizi da masTan dakavSirebuli rekomendaciebi

ufro detalurad warmogvedgina.

187

ZiriTadi saSualebebis struqturis analizi:

• ZiriTadi saSualebebis xvedri wili kompaniis mTlian aqtivebSi

Seadgens 90-95%, saidanac 70-72% modis pasiur nawilze;

• ZiriTadi saSualebebis struqturis analiziT irkveva, rom

yvelaze maRali xvedri wili modis nagebobebze _ saSualod 51%-

55% da satransporto saSualebebze- saSualod 27%, xolo manqa-

na-danadgarebze _ 1.75-2.50%;

• aRsaniSnavia, rom maRalia daudgmeli ZiriTadi saSualebebis

xvedri wili mTlian ZiriTad saSualebebSi _ saSualod 9-10%,

romelic warmodgenilia daumTavrebeli mSeneblobisa da sawyob-

Si arsebuli ZiriTadi saSualebebis saxiT.

ZiriTadi saSualebebis moZraobis analizi

• mTlianobaSi ZiriTadi saSualebebis dinamika saanalizo period-

Si xasiaTdeba zrdis tendenciiT, garda 2014 wlisa. magram zrdas

uzrunvelyofda ZiriTadi saSualebebis pasiuri nawili, aqtiuri

nawilis dinamika ki xasiaTdeba Semcirebis tendenciiT. kerZod,

ZiriTadi saSualebebis zrdis tempebis analizi sabaziso welTan

SedarebiT cxadyofs, rom zrdis yvelaze maRali tempebiT xasi-

aTdeba aveji da inventari, ofisis aRWurviloba, Senobebi, maSin,

rodesac satransporto saSualebebisa da manqana-danadgarebis

zrdis tempebi uaryofiTia an dabali.

analogiuri tendenciaa zrdis tempebis Sefasebisas wina welTan

SedarebiT ase, ofisis aRWurvilobis zrdis tempebi gnsakuTrebiT maRa-

lia 2011-2012 wlebSi da Seadgens: 2011 wels _ 264%, 2012 wels _ 292%,

maSin rodesac satransporto saSualebebis igive maCvenebeli Seadgens

2011 wels _ 99% da 2012 wels _ 112%.

• saanalizo periodSi ganaxleba permanentulad xdeboda ZiriTadi

saSualebebis pasiur naSilSi. Sesabamisad, maRalia maTi ganax-

lebis koeficientebi da piriqiT _ dabalia aqtiuri nawilis.

kerZod, maRalia ganaxlebis koeficienti Senobebis _ 2010 wels;

ofisis aRWurvilobis _ 2010, 2011 da 2012 wlebSi; avejisa da in-

ventaris _ 2011-2014 wlebSi. uprecendentod dabalia manqana-da-

nadgarebisa da transportis ganaxleba;

• transportis ganaxleba saanalizo periodSi sabaziso welTan

SedarebiT xasiaTdeba ganaxlebis dabali tempebiT. gamonakli-

sia 2012 weli, rodesac matebis absoluturi ricxvi Seadgens

14,673,057.47 lars, anu 184.58 %, xolo momdevno wlebSi ganaxle-

188

ba mniSvnelovnad iklebs da 2013 wels ganaxlebis tempi sabaziso

welTan SedarebiT ukve Seadgens 39%, xolo 2014 wels _ 11%.

• Tu satransporto saSualebebis ganaxlebis tempebi sabaziso

welTan SedarebiT klebadi xasiaTisaa, ganaxlebis tempebi wina

welTan SedarebiT maRalia mxolod 2012 wels, rac absolutur

ricxvebSi Seadgens 14,142,887 lars, anu 167%. magram momdevno

wlebSi ganaxlebis matebis tempebi uaryofiTia.kerZod, 2013 wels

2012 welTan SedarebiT ganaxleba iklebs TiTqmis orjer da Tu

2012 wels ganaxlebis absoluturi ricxvi Seadgens 22,622,442.83

lars, 2013 wels es maCvenebeli Seadgens 11,237,892.29 lars, rac

11,384,45 lariT naklebia, anu 50,33%-iT. 2014 wels ganaxleba

Seadgenda 10,932,835 lars, rac 2013 welTan SedarebiT 305, 057

lariT naklebia, anu 3%-iT.

• ar momxdara axali satransporto saSualebebis SeZena. satrans-

porto saSualebebis ganaxleba xdeboda mxolod kapitaluri re-

montis gziT;

• manqana-danadgarebis ganaxlebis tempebi saanalizo periodSi

yovelwliurad mcirdeba sabazoso welTan SedarebiT da amdenad,

mTel saanalizo periodSi uaryofiTia. analogiurad, ganaxlebis

tempebi wina welTan SedarebiT 2011 da 2012 wlebSi uaryofiTia,

xolo momdevno wlebSi dadebiTia. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia

2013 weli, rodesac ganaxlebis tempma wina welTan SedarebiT

Seadgina 207%. marTalia, es maCvenebeli momdevno wels (2014w.)

mniSvnelovnad Semcirda da Seadgina mxolod 5%.

• nagebobebis ganaxlebis tempebi sabaziso welTan SedarebiT 2012,

2013, 2014 wlebSi uaryofiTia. ganaxleba ZiriTadad xdeboda ar-

sebuli nagebobebis rekonstruqciis gziT da sawesdebo kapital-

is gazrdiT;

• ZiriTadi saSualebebis gasvlis koeficientebi dabalia. nage-

bobebis, satransporto saSualebebisa da manqana-danadgare-

bis gasvlis ZiriTadi mizezia gadacema kapitalur remontze an

amoReba kapitalidan.

ZiriTadi saSualebebis teqnikuri mdgomareobis analizi

ZiriTadi saSualebebis pasiuri nawilis vargisianobis koeficienti

sakmaod maRalia _ saSualod 0.76-0.9 da yovelwliurad izrdeba. es faq-

ti dakavSirebulia maT mudmiv modernizacia-rekonstruqciasTan. manqa-

na-danadgarebis da satransporto saSualebebis cveTis koeficienti

saanalizo periodSi ganuxrelad izrdeba da Sesabamisad, mcirdeba var-

189

gisianobis koeficienti. amis miuxedavad, orive saxis transportis mg-

zavrTa nakadi yovelwliurad izrdeboda, garda avtoparkisa 2014 wels.

avtoparkis vargisianobis koeficienti 0.26 da cveTis 0.74-ia, rac

imas mianiSnebs, rom avtobusebis moraluri (ar iReba fanjrebi, ar aris

kondicionireba) da fizikuri mdgomareoba savalaloa. aseTi mdgomareo-

bis miuxedavad, moZravi Semadgenlobis mier gavlili manZili yovelwli-

urad izrdeboda, garda 2014 wlisa.

saanalizo periodSi dagegmili iyo avtoparkis gamoyenebis dabali

koeficienti _ saSualod 0.65. faqtobrivad avtoparki ufro intensi-

urad iqna gamoyenebuli da gamoyenebis koeficientma periodSi Seadgina

saSualod 0.72-0.73.

avtotransportis xazebis saerTo sigrZis, gavlili manZilis, avto-

parkis gamoyenebis koeficientis zrdis miuxedavad, xazebis sruli wliu-

ri brunis ricxvis zrdis tempebi uaryofiTia da Sedegad, yovelwliurad

izrdeboda „gatexili sagzurebis“ raodenoba, risi mizezis avtoparkis

teqnikuri gaumarTaobaa. avtoparkis teqnikuri mdgomarebis gauaresebis

gamo yovelwliurad izrdeba gatexili sagzurebis raodenoba, es maCvene-

beli 7%-dan (2011 weli) gaizarda 13%-mde (2014 weli). gatexili sagzure-

bidan marSrutze dabrunebulTa ricxvi 45% -dan (2011 weli) gaizarda

62%-mde (2014 weli). „gatexili sagzurebi“ warmoqmnis brunis danaklis

_ avtobusis mier Sesasrulebeli bruni (reisi) ver sruldeba droulad,

saWiro xdeba Canacvleba rezerciT. brunis danaklsiT zaraloben mgza-

vrebi.

avtoparkis teqnikuri da moraluri mdgomareoba saWiroebs

Canacvlebas moralurad da ekologiurad axali avtobusebiT, rac uz-

runvelyofs:

• mgzavrTa nakadis gazrdas;

• „gatexili“ sagzurebis da saremonto xarjebis Semcirebas;

• energoefeqturobas da reisebi Semcirebas;

• sazogadoebrivi transportis socialuri amocanebis gadaWras _

mosaxleobis mobilobis zrdas da socialur integracias.

ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTis daricxvis axali politikis

SemuSaveba, rac uzrunvelyofs realur informacias ZiriTadi sa-

Sualebebis Sesaxeb

Tsk metropolitenis ZiriTad saSualebebze cveTas aricxavs 2005

wlis 1 ianvridan (brZaneba 71, 31.12.2004w.) amoqmedebuli normebis mixed-

viT wrfivi meTodiT (pirvandeli Rirebulebidan). normebi diferencire-

190

bulia statistikis departamentis 1997w. ZiriTadi saSualebebis klas-

ifikatoriT miniWebuli kodebis mixedviT (klasifikatorSi cvlilebe-

bi Sevida 2008 wels). analogiurad, avtobusebs cveTa ericxeba wrfivi

meTodiT (pirvandeli Rirebulebidan) 14,3% odenobiT.

10 wlis ganmavlobaSi ar momxdara cveTis normebisa da meTodebis

gadaxedva da cvlilebebis Setana cveTis daricxvis politikaSi. yove-

live es gvaZlevs uflebas vivaraudoT, rom Tsk-s ZiriTadi saSualebebis

sabalanso Rirebuleba ar Seesabameba maT realur Rirebulebas, ris gamo

balansis monacemebi ver CaiTvleba saimedo informaciad, risi erT-erTi

umTavresi mizezia cveTis daricxvis politika.

imisaTvis, rom ZiriTadi saSualebebi ar gaufasurdes (sabalanso

Rirebuleba ar aRematebodes anazRaurebad Rirebulebas _ bass 36 „aq-

tivebis gaufasureba“, p.6) da finansur angariSgebaSi asaxuli sabalanso

Rirebuleba iyos obieqturi da saimedo, saWiroa Semdegi RonisZiebebi:

1. Catardes ZiriTadi saSualebebis testireba gaufasurebaze (an

gadafaseba) da dadgindes maTi aRdgeniTi (an realuri) Rirebuleba;

2. SeirCes cveTis daricxvis meTodi. bass 16 „ZiriTadi saSualebebi“-s

Sesabamisad cveTis daricxvis meTodma unda asaxos sawarmos mier am aqtiv-

idan misaRebi ekonomikuri sargeblis miRebis xasiaTi (p.60). cxadia, rom

metropolitenis manqana-danadgarebis, sawarmoo inventarisa da avto-

busebis mimarT cveTis daricxva pirvandeli Rirebulebidan, anu wrfivi

meTodiT, ar aris ekonomikurad gamarTlebuli, vinaidan maTgan mosal-

odneli momavali ekonomikuri sargeblis gamoyenebis modeli veranairad

ver iqneba Tanabarzomieri. vfiqrobT, rom satransporto saSualebebis,

manqana-danadgarebis mimarT SerCeuli unda iqnes Semcirebadi naSTis

cveTis meTodi an warmoebis erTeulTa jamis (proporciulobis) meTodi;

3. SemuSavdes cveTis axali normebi. ekonomikis TvalsazrisiT

ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTa aris misi gaufasureba _ Rirebulebis da-

kargva. amitom, cveTis axali normebis SemuSavebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia

Semdegi gaufasureba:

• fizikuri _ eqspluataciis periodSi da bunebrivi klimaturi

pirobebis gavlenis gamo fizikuri, meqanikuri da sxva teqnikuri

maxasiaTeblebis Semcireba-dakargva;

• moraluri _ srul fizikur cveTamde arsebuli ZiriTadi sa-

Sualebebis gaiafeba, axali teqnikurad srulyofili maxasiaTe-

blebis mqone aqtivebis gamoCena bazarze da Sedegad, arsebuli

aqtivebis gaufasureba _ ekonomikuri efeqtianobis Semcireba da

gamoyenebis mizanSeuwonloba;

• socialuri _ axali satransporto saSualebebis mier mgzavrTa

191

maRali socialuri moTxovnebis (komfortuloba, usafrTxoeba,

higiena, esTetika da sxva ergonomiuroba) dakmayofileba, ris

Sedegad arsebuli aqtivebi ufasurdeba;

• ekologiuri _ arsebuli aqtivebi ver akmayofileben garemos-

dacviTi standartebis gamkacrebul moTxovnebs, ris Sedegad ar-

sebuli aqtivebi ufasurdeba.

192

danarTi

1. saerTo sargeblobis saavtomobilo da eleqtronuli transportiT saqalaqo

mimosvlaSi mgzavrebis regularuli gadayvanebis tarifebis gaangariSebis

meToduri rekomendaciebi

tarifebis warmodgenili meTodiT SemuSavebis Sedegad misaRwev

ZiriTad mizans saerTo sargeblobis satransporto saSualebaTa ise-

Ti organizaciebis momgebiani saqmianobis uzrunvelyofa warmoadgens,

romlebic axorcieleben mgzavrebis regularul gadayvanebs saavtomo-

bilo da saqalaqo eleqtronuli transportiT saqalaqo da sagareubno

mimosvlaSi.

aRniSnuli mizezis misaRwevad aucilebelia Semosavlebis formire-

bis meqanizmis SemuSaveba, romlebic satransporto organizaciebma unda

miiRon Sesrulebuli samuSaosTvis _ marSrutebze aucilebeli raodeno-

bisa da satransporto saSualebebis saxeobis/markis gaSveba.

Semosavlebma mTlianad unda dafaros gadayvanebis ekonomikurad

dasabuTebuli xarjebi da uzrunvelyos mogebis miRebis SesaZlebloba,

romelic sakmarisia gadamyvanis ekonomikurad mdgradi saqmianobisTvis

da satransporto saSualebebis droulad ganaxlebisTvis.

winamdebare meTodur rekomendaciebs safuZvlad udevs marSrutze

garkveuli tipis (markis) samgzavro satransporto saSualebis 1 km. gar-

benze tarifis ekonomikurad dasabuTebuli sididis gaangariSebis algo-

riTmi (SemdgomSi _ ekonomikurad dasabuTebuli tarifi). es sidide gaT-

valiswinebuli unda iyos gadamyvansa da mgzavrebis gadayvanis momsax-

urebis saxelmwifo (municipalur) damkveTs Soris arsebul SeTanxmebaSi.

finansuri angariSsworeba maT Soris unda xdebodes saangariSsworebo

periodSi satransporto saSualebebis garbenis Sesaxeb monacemTa safuZ-

velze, satransporto saSualebebis tipisa da ekonomikurad dasabuTebu-

li tarifis gaTvaliswinebiT.

ekonomikurad dasabuTebuli tarifi samgzavro satransporto sa-

Sualebis 1km. garbenze aris sabaziso sidide, romlis safuZvelze ga-

moiTvleba erTi mgzavris gadayvanis tarifi.

samgzavro satransporto saSualebis 1km. garbenis tarifis ekono-

mikurad dasabuTebuli sididis safuZvelze meTodur rekomendaciebSi

SemuSvebulia:

- drois nebismier winaswar gansazRvrul periodSi SerCeul konk-

retul marSrutebze erTi an ramdenime gadamyvanis gegmuri muSaobis

(garkveuli raodenobisa da tipis satransporto saSualebebis marSrut-

193

ze gaSveba) ekonomikurad dasabuTebuli Rirebulebis gaangariSebis al-

goriTmebi;

- erTi mgzavris gadayvanis an mgzavr-kilometris ekonomikurad

dasabuTebuli Rirebulebis gaangariSebis algoriTmi;

- Sefasebis meqanizmi, sadac gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos mgzavro-

bis gadasaxadis mosakreblis prognozirebadi sidide da mgzavrebis ga-

dayvanebis sabiujeto dafinansebis moTxovnili moculobebi, romlebic

samgzavro transportis mdgrad muSaobas uzrunvelyofen.

tarifis ekonomikurd dasabuTebuli sidide SeiZleba agreTve gamoy-

enebul iqnes saxelmwifo (municipaluri) dakveTiT mocemuli tipis sa-

transporto saSualebebiT, konkretuli samarSruto qseliT da dadgeni-

li ganrigiT mgzavrebis gadayvanaze saxelmwifo (municipaluri) kontraq-

tis dadebaze uflebis mosapoveblad konkursis/tenderis Catarebisas am

kontraqtis sawyisi fasis gansazRvrisaTvis.

winamdebare meToduri rekomendaciebis miznebisTvis TviT-

Rirebulebisa da rentabelobis Semcveli tarifis ekonomikurad

dasabuTebul sidideSi iseTi sidide igulisxmeba, romelic SesaZleblobas

iZleva:

- gadamyvanis mier materialuri resursebiT (sawvaviT, saburavebiT,

saTadarigo nawilebiT da sxva) garkveuli raodenobisa da tipis satrans-

porto saSualebebis marSrutze gaSveba gadayvanebis usafrTxoebis nor-

matiuli moTxovnebis dacvis pirobiT uzrunvelyofas;

- gadamyvanis personalis Sromis anazRaurebis donis dadgenas, ro-

melic uzrunvelyofs misi Semadgenlobis profesiul Sesaferisobasa da

stabilurobas;

- gadamyvanis ekonomikurad mdgradi saqmianobis uzrunvelyofa,

agreTve satransporto da gadayvanebis uzrunvelyofasTan teqnolo-

giurad dakavSirebuli sxva ZiriTadi saSualebebis parkis ganaxleba,

saamortizacio anaricxebis sididis ukmarisobis SemTxvevaSi.

tarifis ekonomikurd dasabuTebuli sididis gaangariSebas safuZ-

vlad udevs xarjebis sidideebis gamoTvlis normatiuli meTodi. norma-

tiuli meTodi dafuZnebuli unda iyos sxvadasxva materialuri resurse-

bis xarjvis normativebis ganmsazRvrel moqmed normatiul dokumenteb-

ze.

im materialuri resursebisTvis, romelTa xarjvis normebi ar aris

gansazRvruli moqmed normatiul bazaSi, meTodur rekomendaciebSi

moyvanilia gafarToebuli normativebi da agreTve konkretuli gadamy-

vanebis saqmianobis pirobebTan maTi adaptirebis meqanizmebi.

meTodur rekomendaciebSi moyvanilia avtorebis mier SemuSavebuli:

194

- mZRolebis, monitoringis TanamSromlebisa da satransporto sa-

Sualebebis SemkeTebeli muSebis Sromis anazRaurebis normirebis meTo-

di, orientirebuli CamoTvlili kategoriebis kadrebis weliwadSi 10-15

procentis farglebSi denadobisa da Sromis adgilobriv bazrebze situ-

aciis gaTvaliswinebiT;

- arapirdapiri xarjebis da saqmianobis Cveulebriv saxeebze gaweuli

pirdapiri xarjebis sidideebis normativebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia

cvlad xarjebTan;

- metros moZraobaze eleqtroenergiis xarjvis normativebi, eqsplu-

ataciis realur pirobebTan maTi adaptaciis sistemiT;

- metros teqnikuri momsaxurebisa da SekeTebis Sromatevadobis nor-

mativebi;

- avtobusebis, metros teqnikur momsaxurebasa da SekeTebaze dax-

arjuli saTadrigo nawilebisa da masalebis SeZenaze gaweuli xarjebis

normativebi;

- sakontaqto-sakabelo qselis, metrosa da sabagiros gamwevi qvesad-

gurebis movla-Senaxvis xarjebis, agreTve metros xazis Senaxva-SekeTebis,

moZraobis samsaxurebis Senaxvis xarjebis normativebs, CamoTvlili nor-

mativebis qalaqis eleqtrotransportis sawarmoebis muSaobis realur

pirobebTan adaptaciis meTodebs;

- gadamyvanis ekonomikurad mdgradi saqmianobis, agreTve saamor-

tizacio anaricxebis sididis ukmarisobis SemTxvevaSi satransporto

saSualebebis parkis ganaxlebis uzrunvelmyofi rentabelobis sididis

gansazRvris meTodi.

meTodur rekomendaciebSi moyvanili xarjebis normativebis sididee-

bis gamoyeneba gamarTlebulia im momentamde, sanam fasebis indeqsi re-

sursebis Sesabamis saxeebze 40-50 procents ar miaRwevs.

meToduri rekomendaciebi ar ganixilavs sakiTxebs, dakavSirebuls

mosaxleobis gadaxdisunarianobaze orientirebuli tarifis sididis, mo-

qmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad SeRavaTebze uflebis mqone mgzavrebis

kategoriebisTvis dadgenili tarifebis gaangariSebasTan, da agreTve sx-

vadasxva donis biujetebis finansur urTierTobebTan.

I. saavtomobilo da saqalaqo eleqtrotransportis satransporto

saSualebebiT gadayvanebis TviTRirebulebis formireba (satransporto

muSaobis 1km. garbenze, 1 mgzavrze da 1 mgzavr-kilometrze gaTvliT), ro-

melic Seicavs saavtomobilo da saqalaqo eleqtrotransportiT gadamy-

vanebis saqmianobis ganxorcielebisTvis ekonomikurad dasabuTebuli saW-

iro xarjebis sidides danaxarjebis muxlebis mixedviT.

195

TviTRirebulebis gaangariSeba SeiZleba mTlianobaSi ganxorcieldes

municipaluri samarSruto qselisTvis, marSrutebis erTobliobisTvis,

romlebsac emsaxureba erTi gadamyvani, an calke SerCeuli marSrutisT-

vis.

TviTRirebulebis sidide ganisazRvreba rogorc uSualod gaday-

vanebTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis (pirdapiri xarjebis) da arapirdapi-

ri xarjebis (avtobusebiT gadayvanisas _ saavtomobilo transportze

danaxarjebis aRricxvisa da TviTRirebulebis gaangariSebis meToduri

rekomendaciebis Sesabamisad) jami.

pirdapiri xarjebis SemadgenlobaSi avtobusebiT gadayvanebisas iT-

valiswineben:

_ samarSruto avtobusebis mZRolebisa da monitoringis Tanam-

Sromlebis Sromis anazRaurebas;

_ samarSruto avtobusebisTvis sawvavis SeZenis xarjebs;

_ samarSruto avtobusebisTvis sapoxi da sxva saeqspluatacio ma-

salebis SeZenis xarjebs;

_ samarSruto avtobusebis saburavebis cveTisa da SekeTebis xarjebs;

_ samarSruto avtobusebis teqnikuri momsaxurebisa da saeqspluata-

cio SekeTebis xarjebs;

_ samarSruto avtobusebis amortizacias;

_ saqmianobis Cveulebriv saxeebTan dakavSirebul sxva xarjebs.

arapirdapiri xarjebis SemadgenlobaSi avtobusiT gadayvanebisas iT-

valiswineben:

_ zednadeb xarjebs;

_ mmarTvelobiT xarjebs;

_ komerciul xarjebs.pirdapiri xarjebis SemadgenlobaSi metroTi da sabagiroTi gaday-

vanebisas iTvaliswineben:

_ metrosa da sabagiros mZRolebis TanamSromlebis Sromis anaz-

Raurebas;

_ metrosa da sabagiros moZraobisTvis eleqtroenergiaze gaweul

xarjebs;

_ metrosa da sabagiros cveTisa da SekeTebis xarjebs;

_ metrosa da sabagiros teqnikuri momsaxurebisa da saeqspluatacio

SekeTebis xarjebs;

_ samgzavro satransporto saSualebebis amortizacias;

_ sxva xarjebs.

196

arapirdapiri xarjebis SemadgenlobaSi iTvaliswineben:

_ energomeurneobis, maT Soris sakontaqto-sakabelo qselis, da

agreTve gamwevi qvesadgurebis movla-Senaxvis xarjebs;

_ metrosa da sabagiros xazebis Senaxva-SekeTebis xarjebs;

_ moZraobis samsaxurebis Senaxvis xarjebs;

_ zednadeb xarjebs, avtomatikisa da kavSiris samsaxuris Senaxvis

xarjebis CaTvliT;

_ mmarTvelobiT xarjebs;

_ komerciul xarjebs.gaangariSeba xorcieldeba satransporto saSualebis yoveli markisa

da modelisTvis cal-calke.

TviTRirebulebis sidide marSrutze 1 kilometr garbenze gaTvliT

yoveli (i) markis da modelis avtobusebiT gadayvanisas ganisazRvreba

formuliT:

Sa i km = Safmk i km + xsaw i km + x

sap i km + xsab i km + x

tm i km + am i km + saxi km, lari/1 km garbenze, (1)

sadac:Saf

mm i km _ mZRolebisa da monitoringis TanamSromlebis Sromis anaz-

Raurebis fondi; x

saw i km _ samarSruto avtobusebisTvis sawvavis SeZenis xarjebi;x

sap i km _ samarSruto avtobusebisTvis sapoxi da sxva saeqspluatacio

masalebis SeZenis xarjebi;x

sab i km _ samarSruto avtobusebis saburavebis cveTisa da SekeTebis

xarjebi;x

tm i km _ samarSruto avtobusebis teqnikuri momsaxurebisa da saeqsplu-

atacio SekeTebis xarjebi;am i km _ samarSruto avtobusebis amortizacia;saxi km- saqmianobis Cveulebriv saxeebTan dakavSirebuli sxva xarjebis

sidide arapirdapir xarjebTan jamSi.

TviTRirebuleba 1 adgil.km.-ze gaTvliT:

Smgzavr.adgili.kmi(avt,trol,tram)

=Sikm(avt,trol,tram)/qi, lari, (4)

TviTRirebuleba 1 mgzavr.km-ze gaTvliT:

197

Smgzavr.kmi(avt,trol,tram)

=Smgzavr.adgili.kmi(avt,trol,tram)

/γ, lari, (5)

TviTRirebuleba 1 mgzavr.km-ze gaTvliT:

Smgzavr.i(avt,trol,tram)

=Smgzavr.kmi(avt,trol,tram)

/lsaS

,lari, (6)

sadac:q i _ mocemuli markisa da modelis satransporto saSualebis sruli

mgzavrtevadoba;γ _ satransporto saSualebis tevadobis gamoyenebis koeficientis

saSualo sidide;

lsaS

_ erTi mgzavris gadayvanis saSualo manZili, km.

2. xazze momuSave mZRolebisa da monitoringis TanamSromlebis Sromis

anazRaurebis fondis sididis gaangariSeba

xazze momuSave mZRolebisa da monitoringis TanamSromlebis Sromis

anazRaurebis fondis sidide marSrutze 1 kilometr garbenze gaTvliT

gamoiTvleba Semdegi formuliT:

Saf

mk i km = (12 × xm i + Svm) + (12 × xk i + Svk) lari/km garbenze (7) 0,95×სდფ

m i ×se0,95×სდფk i ×se

sadac:xmi, xki _ Sesabamisad, samgzavro satransporto saSualebis mZRolisa

da konduqtoris Sromis anazRaurebis saSualo Tviuri sidide, premiebis,

danamatebis, mastimulirebeli da makompensirebeli xasiaTis gadaxdebis

CaTvliT, lari;

Svm, Svk _ Sesabamisad, mZRolisa da konduqtoris Svebulebis anaz-

Raurebis saSualo sidide; Sromis saSualo Tviuri anazRaurebis sididis

tolad miiCneva lari;

sdfmi, sdf

ki _ Sesabamisad, mZRolisa da konduqtoris samuSao drois

wliuri fondis sidide, sT.;

se- satransporto saSualebis saSualo saeqspluatacio siCqaris si-

dide, km/sT.

mamravlebi 12 da 0,95 Sesabamisad iTvaliswineben Tveebis raodenobas

weliwadSi da mosamzadebel-daskvniTi drois xangrZlivobas, reisebis

wina instruqtaJebis Catarebisa da samedicino daTvalierebis dros (mZ-

198

Rolis samuSao cvlis xangrZlivobis 5%, rac 30 wuTs Seesabameba, roca

cvlis xangrZlivoba 10 saaTs Seadgens).

3. samarSruto avtobusebisTvis sawvavis SeZenaze gaweuli xarjebis

gansazRvra

yoveli (i) modelis samarSruto avtobusebisTvis sawvavis SeZenaze

gaweuli xarjebi gamoiTvleba formuliT:

xsawikm

= (nsaw zaf.

×gi zaf. + nsaw zamT.×gi zamT.) /(gi zaf.

+ gi zamT.)×Rir., garbenis lari/

km(9)

sadac:n

saw zaf. _ sawvavis norma, romelsac xarjavs avtobusi zafxulis peri-

odSi, l/km garbenze;n

saw zamT. _ sawvavis norma, romelsac xarjavs avtobusi zamTris peri-

odSi, l/km garbenze;gi zaf.

_ avtobusis garbeni zafxulis periodSi, km;

gi zamT. _ avtobusis garbeni zamTris periodSi, km;

Rir. _ sawvavis prognozirebadi fasi gegmuri periodis ganmavlobaSi,

lari/l.

sawvavis norma, romelsac avtobusi xarjavs zafxulis da zamTris

periodebSi nsa zaf.

da nsaw zamT. gamoiTvleba Sesabamisad Semdegi formulebiT:

nsaw zaf.

=nsi(1+0,01хD)/100, l/km garbenze (10)

nsaw zamT.

=nsi(1+0,01хD)/100+ngam.i/Ve, l/km garbenze, (11)

sadac:nsi _ avtobusis l/100km garbenze sawvavis xarjvis satransporto

norma;

D _ gasworebis koeficienti (jamuri fardobiTi danamati an Semcireba)

normasTan mimarTebaSi, %;n

gam.i _ sawvavis xarjvis norma gamaTboblebis muSaobaze saStato da-

moukidebeli gamaTboblebis gamoyenebisas, l/sT.

sidideebi nsi, D dangam.i miiReba moqmed meTodur rekomendaciebTan

„saavtomobilo transportze sawvavisa da sapoxi masalebis xarjvis

normebi“ SesabamisobaSi.

199

sidide „Rirebuleba“ gamoiTvleba wina periodSi sawvavis Rirebulebis

Sesaxeb gamoqveynebuli monacemebis, agreTve calkeuli saxis sawvav-ener-

getikuli resursebis SeZenaze fasebis indeqsis sididis Sesaxeb monace-

mebis da navTobproduqtebis mwarmoeblebis fasebis deflatorebisa da

indeqsebis Sesaxeb monacemebis safuZvelze. sawvavis saprognozo fasad

aseve SesaZlebelia vixelmZRvaneloT saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis saagentos

mier navTobproduqtebis konsolidirebuli tenderiT dadgenili fase-

biT.

4. samarSruto avtobusebis saburavebis cveTisa da SekeTebis xarjebis

gaangariSeba

samarSruto avtobusebis saburavebis cveTisa da SekeTebis xarjebi

gamoiTvleba formuliT:

Ssi = nsi×ssi , lari/km garbenze (25) 1000 × ni

sadac:nsi _ avtobusze dayenebuli saburavebis raodenoba, erT.;

ssi _ erTi saburavis saSualo sabazro Rirebuleba, lari;

ni _ erTi saburavis saeqspluatacio garbenis norma, aT. km.

saburavebis saeqspluatacio garbenis normis sidide ni gamoiTvleba

„avtosatransporto saSualebaTa saburavebis saeqspluatacio garbenis

droebiTi normebis“ Sesabamisad.

5. samarSruto satransporto saSualebebis teqnikuri momsaxurebisa

da saeqspluatacio SekeTebis xarjebi

teqnikuri momsaxurebisa da SekeTebis xarjebi 1 kilometr garbenze

gaTvliT ganisazRvreba rogorc SemkeTebeli muSebis Sromis anazRaure-

baze gaweuli xarjebis, Sromis anazRaurebis fondidan „Saf“ sadazRve-

vo Senatanebis sSm i km da saTadarigo nawilebis da masalebis snikm, maT

Soris saqalaqo eleqtrotransportze sapoxi da sxva saeqspluatacio

masalebis (saavtomobilo transportze sapoxi da sxva saeqspluatacio

masalebis garda) SeZenaze gaweuli xarjebis jami. SemkeTebeli muSebis Sromis anazRaurebaze gaweuli xarjebis da

agreTve sadazRvevo Senatanebis (1 kilometrze gaTvliT) sidide gamoiT-

vleba formuliT:

200

sSm i km= (tti / k1 p / k3 p + tSi × k1 × k2 × k3 × k4) / 1000 × (12 × xm + am) / sdfm × kзp ×ipp×k

dazR., lari/km garbenis (26)

sadac:tti _ teqnikuri momsaxurebis Sromatevadobis sabaziso normativis si-

dide, sT/1000 km garbenis;tSi _ mimdinare remontis Sromatevadobis sabaziso normativis sidide,

sT/1000 km garbenis;xm _ SemkeTebeli muSis normatiuli saSualo Tviuri Sromis anaz-

Raurebis sidide, lari;am _ SemkeTebeli muSis Svebulebis anazRaureba, lari;sdfm _ SemkeTebeli muSis samuSao drois wliuri fondis sidide, sT.;k1 p, k3 p _ eqspluataciis pirobebisa da klimaturi probebis Sesabamisad

teqnikuri momsaxurebis periodulobis normativebis koreqtirebis koe-

ficientebi.

6. samatSruto satransporto saSualebebis amortizacia

samgzavro satransporto saSualebebis amortizaciis gamoTvla 1 km

garbenze xdeba formuliT:

akm

=(aweli jami/Lweli

), lari/1km garbenis (28)

sadac:aweli jami

_ gansaxilvel marSrutze an marSrutebis jgufze momuSave

yvela satransporto saSualebis amortizaciis Tanxa, lari;

Lweli

_ gansaxilvel marSrutze an marSrutebis jgufze momuSave yve-

la satransporto saSualebis wliuri garbeni.

aweli jami

=

n

i 1a weli i(29)

aweli i- (i) modelis satransporto saSualebis amortizaciis wliuri

Tanxa, lari

sidides aweli iganisazRvreba formuliT:

aweli i=Rirpbi • nai/100, (30)

201

sadac:nai _ mocemuli modelis satransporto saSualebebis amortizaciis

norma, procentebi;Rir

pbi _ mocemuli (j) modelis satransporto saSualebis pirvandeli

sabalanso an aRdgeniTi Rirebulebis sidide, lari;n _ marSrutze momuSave (j) modelis satransporto saSualebebis ra-

odenoba, erT.

sidide nai gamoiTvleba formuliT:

nai=100/tsgi,% (31)

sadac: tsgi _ mocemuli modelis satransporto saSualebebis sasargeblo ga-

moyenebis vada, weli.

satransporto saSualebebis sasargeblo gamoyenebis vadis tsgi sidide

ganisazRvreba saamortizacio jgufebSi Sesuli ZiriTadi saSualebebis

klasifikaciis Sesabamisad, romelic damtkicebuli unda iyos Sesabamisi

uwyebis mier; amasTan, gamoiyeneba samsaxuris gawevis vadis maqsimaluri

mniSvnelobebi Sesabamisi tipis satransporto saSualebebisTvis.

7. saqmianobis Cveulebriv saxeebze gaweuli sxva xarjebi

sxva xarjebSi Sedis iseTi saxis xarjebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia

gadayvanebis ganxorcielebasTan da aris pirdapiri xarjebi:

_ mivlinebebis xarjebi, Tu es muSakebis mivlinebebia, romlebic ad-

ministraciul-mmarTvelobiT personals ar miekuTvnebian, maT Soris sa-

kompensacio gadaxdebi sadReRamisos nacvlad;_ samgzavro baraTebisa da mgzavrobis realizebasTan dakavSirebuli

xarjebi;_ muSakebisTvis usasyidlod gadacemuli sagnebis (formis tansacm-

lis, spectansacmlis CTvliT) Rirebuleba, romlebic maT mudmiv sarge-

blobaSi rCeba (SeRavaTebis Tanxa ufro dabal fasad maT gayidvasTan

dakavSirebiT).

8. zednadebi xarjebi

muxli „zednadebi xarjebi“ Seicavs saerTo-sawarmoo xarjebs (manqa-

nebisa da mowyobilobebis Senaxvisa da eqspluataciis xarjebi; saamor-

202

tizacio anaricxebi da ZiriTadi saSualebebisa da warmoebaSi gamoy-

enebuli sxva qonebis SekeTebis xarjebi; aRniSnuli qonebis dazRvevis

xarjebi; farTebis gaTbobis, ganaTebisa da Senaxvis xarjebi; warmoebaSi

gamoyenebuli farTebis, manqanebis, mowyobilobebis da a.S. ijaris ga-

dasaxadebi; sawarmos momsaxure muSakebis Sromis anazRaurebis xarjebi;

sxva analogiuri daniSnulebis xarjebi), agreTve saqmianobis Cveulebriv

saxeebTan dakavSirebul sxva xarjebs:

- ZiriTadi saSualebebis (satransporto saSualeebebis garda)

SekeTebisa da aRdgenis xarjebi;- samecniero kvlevebze da sacdel-sakonstruqtoro samuSaoebze

gaweuli xarjebi;- qonebis savaldebulo da nebayoflobiTi dazRvevis xarjebi;- Sromis normaluri pirobebis uzrunvelyofaze gaweuli xarjebi;- satransporto saSualebebis Senaxvis xarjebi.

9. mmarTvelobiTi xarjebi

mmarTvelobiTi xarjebi aris saqmianobis Cveulebriv saxeebze gaweu-

li sxva xarjebi, amasTan (8, 16, 27) punqtebSi gaTvaliswinebuli xarjebi

miiReba mxolod im nawilSi, romelic administraciul-mmarTvelobiTi

personalis muSakebs exeba.

1) qveyanaSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT daricxuli ga-

dasaxadebisa da mosakreblebis Tanxebi;2) licenziis, ekologiis mosakreblebi, produqciisa da momsaxurebis

sertificirebaze gaweuli xarjebi; 3) sakomisio mosakreblebis da gare organizaciebis mier Sesrulebuli

samuSaoebis (gaweuli momsaxurebebi) anazRaurebis sxva msgavsi xarjebi;4) qveyanaSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad organizaciis sax-

anZro usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis xarjebi, samaSvelo samsaxuris

Senaxvis xarjebi, qonebis dacvasTan, saxanZro-dacviTi signalizaciis

momsaxurebasTan, saxanZro dacvis da sxva dacviTi saqmianobis momsax-

urebis SeZenasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi, agreTve usafrTxoebis sa-

kuTari samsaxuris Senaxvis xarjebi, romlis funqciebSi Sedis sabanko

da sameurneo operaciebis ekonomikuri dacva da materialuri faseu-

lobebis dacva (ekipirebaze, iaraRisa da dacvis specialuri saSuale-

bebis SeZenaze gaweuli xarjebis garda); 5) qveyanaSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sromis

normaluri pirobebisa da usafrTxoebis teqnikis zomebis uzrunve-

lyofis xarjebi, qveyanaSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad samo-

qalaqo Tavdacvaze gaweuli xarjebi, agreTve Sromis mavne an mZime

203

pirobebSi momuSave muSakebis profesiuli daavadebebis mkurnalobis

xarjebi, uSualod organizaciis teritoriaze arsebuli samkurnalo

punqtebis saTavsoebisa da inventaris SenaxvasTan dakavSirebuli xar-

jebi;6) saijaro (salizingo) gadasaxdelebi ijariT aRebul (lizingiT

miRebul) qonebaze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu salizingo xelSekrulebiT miRe-

buli qoneba aRricxulia lizingis mimRebTan, saijaro (salizingo) ga-

dasaxdelebi CaiTvleba rogorc xarji am qonebaze daricxuli Tanxebis

gamoklebiT; 7) samsaxuris msubuqi avtotransportis Senaxvis xarjebi, samsaxuris

saqmeebze piradi msubuqi avtomobilebis da motociklebis gamoyenebisT-

vis kompensaciis xarjebi dadgenili normebis farglebSi; 8) samivlinebo xarjebi, kerZod:

mivlinebis adgilze mgzavrobis da mudmiv samuSao adgilze muSakis

dabrunebis xarjebi; sacxovrebeli farTis daqiravebis xarjebi. xarjebis am muxlis

Tanaxmad anazRaurebas agreTve eqvemdebareba muSakis xarjebi damatebiT

momsaxurebaze sastumroebSi (barebsa da restornebSi gaweuli momsax-

urebis, nomrebSi momsaxurebis, agreTve sarekreacio-gamajansaRebeli

obieqtebiT sargeblobis xarjebis garda); dRiuri an savele xarji dadgenili normebis farglebSi;vizebis gaformebis, pasportebis, vauCerebis, mowvevebisa da sxva

analogiuri dokumentebis gacemis xarjebi; 9) iuridiuli da sainformacio momsaxurebis xarjebi; 10) sakonsultacio da sxva analogiuri momsaxurebis xarjebi;11) audituri momsaxurebis xarjebi; 12) dadgenili wesiT damtkicebuli tarifebis farglebSi sanotaro

gaformebisTvis notariusis anazRaurebis xarjebi,

13) organizaciis an misi calke qvedanayofebis marTvaze gaweuli xar-

jebi, agreTve organizaciis an misi calke qvedanayofebis marTvasTan

dakavSirebuli momsaxurebis SeZenaze gaweuli xarjebi;14) gare organizaciebis mier gaweuli momsaxurebis xarjebi, rome-

lic gamoixateba TavianTi muSakebis (teqnikuri da mmarTvelobiTi per-

sonalis) mivlinebisas sawarmoo procesSi, sawarmos marTvaSi monawil-

eobis an warmoebasTan da (an) realizaciasTan dakavSirebuli sxva fun-

qciebis Sesrulebis, maT Soris saSuamavlo organizaciebis mier satrans-

porto organizaciebis sawarmoo saWiroebisTvis gaweuli momsaxurebis

anazRaurebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi, dadebuli xelSekrulebebis

Sesabamisad bankebis mier savaWro-sakomisio (faqtoringuli) da sxva

204

analogiuri operaciebis SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT gaweuli momsax-

urebis anazRaurebis xarjebi;15) TanamSromlobis Camoyalibebisa da gamyarebis mizniT molapar-

akebebSi monawile sxva organizaciebis warmomadgenlebis, agreTve di-

reqtorTa sabWos (gamgeobis) an organizaciis sxva xelmZRvaneli orga-

nos sxdomebze Camosuli monawleebis oficialur miRebasTan da mom-

saxurebasTn dakavSirebuli warmomadgenlobiTi xarjebi, aRniSnuli

RonisZiebebis Catarebis adgilis miuxedavad. warmomadgenlobiT xarjebs

miekuTvneba aRniSnuli pirebisTvis, agreTve molaparakebebSi monawile

organizaciis oficialuri pirebisTvis oficialuri miRebis (sauzmis,

sadilis an sxva analogiuri RonisZiebis) Catarebis, am pirebis warmomad-

genlobiTi RonisZiebis da (an) xelmZRvaneli organos sxdomis Catarebis

adgilze miyvanis da ukan dabrunebis satransporto uzrunvelyofis

xarjebi, molaparakebebis dros gaweuli momsaxurebis xarjebi, organi-

zaciis StatgareSe Tarjimanebis momsaxurebis xarjebi, warmomadgenlo-

biTi RonisZiebebis Catarebis dros Targmanis uzrunvelyofis xarjebi.

warmomadgenlobiT xarjebs ar miekuTvneba garTobis, dasvenebis,

daavadebebis profilaqtikis an mkurnalobis xarjebi.

warmomadgenlobiTi xarjebi saangariSo periodis ganmavlobaSi Sedis

sxva xarjebis SemadgenlobaSi sididiT, romelic am saangariSo periodSi

organizaciis mier miRebuli erToblivi Semosavlis 1 procents ar unda

aRematebodes53; 16) kadrebis momzadebisa da gadamzadebis xarjebi:_ xarjebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia stipendiebis gacemasTan, swav-

lebis gadasaxdelebTan saswavlo dawesebulebebTan xelSkrulebebis

safuZvelze kadrebis momzadebisTvis, kvalifikaciis amaRlebisa da

gadamzadebisTvis, sabaziso oraganizaciebis mier ZiriTadi samuSaosgan

gaTavisuflebuli sainJinro-teqnikuri muSakebisa da kvalificirebuli

muSebis Sromis anazRaurebaze gaweuli xarjebi, warmoebis da sawarmoo

praqtikis pirobebSi zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis, saSualo

profesiul-teqnikuri da saSualo specialuri dawesebulebebis moswav-

leebis, agreTve umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebulebebis studentebis swav-

lebis xelmZRvanelobaze gaweuli xarjebi;_ xarjebi organizaciis StatSi myofi kadrebis momzadebasa da

gadamzadebaze (maT Soris kvalifikaciis amaRlebaze).

aRniSnuli xarjebi Sedis saqmianobis Cveulebriv saxeebTan dakav-

Sirebul sxva xarjebis SemadgenlobaSi, Tu:

a) Sesabamisi momsaxureba xorcieldeba saxelmwifo akreditaci-

53 saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi, muxli 116

205

is (Sesabamisi licenziis) mqone saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis an

Sesabamisi statusis mqone ucxouri saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis

mier; b) momzadebas (gadamzadebas) gadian organizaciis saStato muSakebi,

xolo kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad maeqspluatirebeli organizaciebisT-

vis, romlebic pasuxs ageben birTvuli danadgarebis muSakebis kvalifik-

aciis doneze, am danadgarebis muSakebi; g) momzadebis (gadamzadebis) programa xels uwyobs im specialis-

tis kvalifikaciis amaRlebas da ufro efeqtianad gamoyenebas, romel-

ic gadis momzadebasa da gadamzadebas am organizaciaSi misi saqmianobis

CarCoebSi.

xarjebad ar miiCneva kadrebis momzadebasa da gadamzadebaze gaweuli

xarjebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia garTobis, dasvenebis an mkurnalobis

organizebasTan, agreTve saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis Senaxvis an

maTTvis ufaso momsaxurebis gawevis xarjebi, umaRles da saSualo spe-

cialur saswavlo dawesebulebebSi muSakebis swavlis anazRaurebis xar-

jebi, maT mier umaRlesi da saSualo ganaTlebis miRebisas. aRniSnuli

xarjebi ar miiReba rogorc saqmianobis Cveulebriv saxeebTan dakavSire-

buli sxva xarjebi.

17) safosto, satelefono, satelegrafo da sxva msgavsi momsaxure-

bis xarjebi, kavSirgabmulobisa da gamoTvliTi centrebis momsaxurebis

anazRaurebis xarjebi, maT Soris eleqtronuli fostis, agreTve sain-

formacio sistemebis (SWIFT, interneti da sxva analogiuri sistemebi)

momsaxurebis xarjebi; 18) uflebis mflobelTan xelSekrulebebis (salicenzio SeTanxmebebis)

safuZvelze eleqtronul-gamoTvliTi manqanebisTvis programebis da

monacemTa bazebis gamoyenebaze uflebis SeZenis xarjebi. aRniSnul xar-

jebs miekuTvneba agreTve eleqtronul-gamoTvliTi manqanebisTvis pro-

gramebze da eleqtronul-gamoTvliTi manqanebisTvis da monacemTa ba-

zebisTvis programebis ganaxlebaze gansakuTrebuli uflebebis SeZenis

xarjebi; 19) bazris koniuqturis mimdinare Seswavlaze (gamokvlevaze), uSual-

od saavtomobilo transportiT gadayvanebTan da sxva samuSaoebTan da

momsaxurebasTan dakavSirebuli informaciis mogrovebaze gaweuli xar-

jebi; 20) arakomerciuli organizaciebisTvis gadasaxdeli Senatanebi,

dabandebebi da sxva savaldebulo gadasaxdelebi, Tu aseTi Senatanebis,

dabandebebisa da sxva savaldebulo gadasaxdelebis gadaxda warmoadgens

pirobas aseTi Senatanebis, dabandebebisa da sxva savaldebulo gadasax-

206

delebis gadamxdeli organizaciebisTvis saqmianobis gansaxorcieleb-

lad; 21) gaweul momsaxurebaze gare organizaciebisTvis safasuris

gadaxdis xarjebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia kanonmdeblobiT dadge-

nili wesiT giraos sagnebis Senaxvasa da realizebasTan, aRniSnuli

sagnebis mogiravnesTan yofnis periodSi damgiraveblis mier maTi ga-

dacemis Semdeg; 22) xarjebi buRaltruli aRricxvis momsaxurebis warmarTvaze, ro-

melsac axorcieleben gare organizaciebi an individualuri mewarmeebi; 23) perioduli (mimdinare) gadasaxdelebi inteleqtualuri saqmiano-

bis Sedegebze uflebebiT (kerZod, gamogonebebze, samrewvelo nimuSebze

da inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis sxva saxeebze patentebidan gamomdinare

uflebebiT) da individualuri sargeblobisTvis; 24) gadasaxdelebi uZrav qonebaze da miwaze uflebebis, aRniSnul

obieqtebTan dakavSirebuli garigebebis registraciisTvis, qonebis

SefasebasTan, uZravi qonebis obieqtebis sakadastro da teqnikuri aR-

ricxvis (inventarizaciis) dokumentebis momzadebasTan dakavSirebul

momsaxurebaze uflebamosili organoebisTvis da specializirebuli or-

ganizaciebisTvis safasuris gadaxdis xarjebi; 25) individualur mewarmeebTan, organizaciebTan dadebul samoqa-

laqo-samarTlebrivi xasiaTis xelSekrulebebTan (nardobis xelSekrule-

bebis CaTvliT) dakavSirebuli xarjebi; 26) wuniT gamowveuli danakargebi; 27) gadaxdili Tanxebi kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili normebis far-

glebSi;samuSaoze muSakebis ayvanis xarjebi, personalis specializebuli

organizaciebisTvis SerCevasTan dakavSirebul momsaxurebaze safasuris

gadaxdis CaTvliT; xarjebi sakancelario saqonlis SeZenaze;30) xarjebi sabuRaltro angariSgebis gamoqveynebaze, agreTve sxva

informaciis gamoqveynebasa da sxvagvarad gaxsnaze, Tu kanonmdeblobiT

gadasaxadis gadamxdelze dakisrebulia maTi publikaciis (gamoqveynebis)

valdebuleba; 31) saxelmwifo statistikuri dakvirvebis formebisa da monacemebis

wardgenasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi, Tu kanonmdeblobiT gadasaxadis

gadamxdelze dakisrebulia am informaciis wardgenis valdebuleba; 32) arakapitaluri xasiaTis xarjebi, dakavSirebuli teqnologiis,

warmoebis organizebisa da marTvis srulyofasTan; 33) sawarmoze ubeduri SemTxvevebisgan da profesiuli daavadebebi-

207

sgan savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis Senatanebi, romlebic xorciel-

deba kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad.mmarTvelobiTi xarjebi aisaxeba angariSze 7400 „saerTo da admin-

istraciuli xarjebi“ (administraciul-mmarTvelobiTi xarjebi; saerTo

sameurneo personalis Senaxva, romelic dakavSirebuli ar aris sawar-

moo procesTan; saamortizacio anaricxebi da mmarTvelobiTi da saerTo

sameurneo daniSnulebis ZiriTadi saSualebebis SekeTebis xarjebi; saer-

To sameurneo daniSnulebis farTebis ijaris gadasaxadi; sainformacio,

audituri, sakonsultacio da a.S. momsaxurebis anazRaurebis xarjebi;

sxva analogiuri daniSnulebis mmarTvelobiTi xarjebi).

10. komerciuli xarjebi

komerciul xarjebSi Sedis reklamis xarjebi:warmoebuli (SeZenili) da (an) sarealizacio saqonlis (samuSaoebis,

momsaxurebis), organizaciis saqmianobis, sasaqonlo da momsaxurebis

niSnis reklamis, maT Soris gamofenebebsa da bazrobebSi, eqspoziciebSi

monawileobis, vitrinebis, gamofena-gayidvebis, nimuSebis oTaxebisa da

sademonstracio darbazebis gaformebis, organizaciis mier Sesrulebuli

samuSaoebis da gaweuli momsaxurebis da (an) Tavad organizaciis Sesaxeb

informaciis Semcveli sareklamo broSurebisa da katalogebis damza-

debis, agreTve saqonlis Camofasebis xarjebi, romelmac eqsponirebisas

srulad an nawilobriv dakarga Tavisi pirvandeli xarisxi; masobrivi informaciisa da telesakomunikcio qselebis saSualebebis

meSveobiT sareklamo RonisZiebebis (maT Soris gancxadebebi presaSi, ga-

dacemebi radioSi da televiziiT) organizebaze gaweuli xarjebi; xarjebi sxva gare reklamaze, sareklamo stendebisa da sareklamo

farebis/banerebis damzadebis CaTvliT; organizaciis xarjebi prizebis SeZenaze (damzadebaze), romlebic

gadaecema masobrivi sareklamo kampaniebis Catarebisas aseTi prizebis

gaTamaSebis gamarjvebulebs, agreTve reklamis sxva saxeebze gaweuli

xarjebi, romlebic kompaniam ganaxorciela saangariSo periodis ganmav-

lobaSi (miiCneva saqmianobis Cveulebriv saxeebze gaweul sxva xarjebad,

romelTa sidide realizaciidan miRebuli amonagebis 1 procents ar aRe-

mateba) da romlebic miTiTebuli ar aris winamdebare punqtis pirvel,

meore da mesame abzacebSi.

komerciuli xarjebi aRiricxeba angariSze 7300 „miwodebis xarjebi“.

208

II. saavtomobilo da saqalaqo eleqtronuli transportiT gadamy-

vanebis saqmianobis ekonomikurad da finansurad mdgradi saqmianobis uz-

runvelmyofi gadayvanebis rentabelobis sididis formireba

mdgradi ekonomikuri saqmianoba gulisxmobs finansur mdgradobas

organizaciis finansuri saqmianobis analizis Teoriis da misi ganmsaz-

Rvreli maCveneblebis mniSvnelobebis mareglamentirebeli dokumen-

tebis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad, agreTve rentabelobis dones, romel-

ic gadayvanebis saimedoobisa da usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis da an-

gariSsworebis angariSze fuladi saxsrebis saWiro Tanxis mobilizebis

SesaZleblobas iZleva.

organizaciis finansuri mdgradoba miiRweva Semdegi pirobiT:

Кml≥ 2;Кsau≥ 0,1; Кskmu≥ 0,6. (37)

sadac

Кskmu- sakuTari sabrunavi kapitalis maragebiT uzrunvelyofis koe-

ficienti

sk-bga ≥0,6 (38)m

Кsau- sakuTari sabrunavi saxsrebiT sabrunavi aqtivebis uzrunvely-

ofis koeficienti

sk-bga ≥0,1 (39) sa

Кml _ mimdinare likvidurobis koeficienti

sa ≥2 (40)dkm

sadac

sk _ sakuTari kapitalis sidide;sa _ sabrunavi aqtivebis sidide;bga _ arasabrunavi aqtivebi; m _ maragebi;

dkm _ moklevadiani kreditoruli davalianeba.

209

organizaciis ekonomikurad mdgradi saqmianobis uzrunvesayofad

saWiroa meore Semadgeneli _ rentabelobis done, romelic saimedoobisa

da usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis da angariSsworebis angariSze fuladi

saxsrebis saWiro Tanxis mobilizebis, agreTve organizaciis wminda aq-

tivebis mudmivi zrdis uzrunvelyofis SesaZleblobas iZleva.

rentabelobis yvelaze mniSvnelovan maCvenebels gayidvebis rentabe-

lobis maCvenebeli warmoadgens, romelic ganisazRvreba rogorc gayid-

vebisgan mogebis (mog) Sefardeba produqciis warmoebis xarjebTan (saqmi-

anobis Cveulebriv saxeebze gaweuli xarjebi an sruli TviTRirebuleba,

mmarTvelobiTi xarjebis CaTvliT) (S), anu:

rgay = mr●100, % (41)

S

sxva maCvenebels warmoadgens brunvis rentabelobis maCvenebeli:

Rb = m●100, % (42) a

sadac: m _ mogeba organizaciis dabegvridan,a _ amonagebi realizaciidan (saqmianobis saxeebidan miRebuli

Semosavlebi).

organizaciis finansuri mdgradobis misaRwevad saWiroa balansis

struqturis arseboba, rodesac formula 37-Si mocemuli koeficien-

tebi normatiul mniSvnelobas Seesabameba. balansis saWiro struqtu-

ra SeiZleba miviRoT gadayvanis procesis organizebisa da teqnologi-

is, sameurneo saqmianobisa da finansuri nakadebis marTvis Sesabamisi

RonisZiebebis realizebis gziT. amasTan, unda gamovlindes Semosavlebis

gazrdisa da xarjebis Semcirebis gzebi da moxdes balansis prognozire-

ba perspeqtivaSi.

balansis prognozuli variantis Sedgena xdeba mosalodneli balan-

sis safuZvelze im cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebmac unda gaaum-

jobesos balansis struqtura. am balansis muxlebi izrdeba (mcirdeba)

momavali wlisTvis dagegmili operaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

ase, magaliTad, arasabrunavi aqtivebis Rirebuleba ZiriTadi sa-

Sualebebis (Zs) nawilSi izrdeba savaraudod SesaZeni ZiriTadi saSuale-

210

bebis RirebulebiT an arsebuli ZiriTadi saSualebebis rekonstruqciis

RirebulebiT, an ZiriTadi saSualebebis gadafasebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

Tu aseTi ram igegmeba mimdinare (dagegmili) wlis bolomde, mcirdeba

savaraudod Camosaweri ZiriTadi saSualebebis RirebulebiT, agreTve

daricxvisTvis dagegmili saamortizacio anaricxebis sididiT. amasTan,

amortizacia ar dairicxeba ZiriTadi saSualebebis obieqtebze, romelTa

samomxmareblo Tvisebebi ar icvleba (miwis nakveTebi; bunebiT sargeblo-

bis obieqtebi; gare keTilmowyobis obieqtebi da sagzao meurneobis sxva

analogiuri obieqtebi; sabinao fondis obieqtebi, Tu isini ar gamoiyene-

ba Semosavlis misaRebad).

maragebis prognozuli sididis gansazRvrisTvis xdeba yvela saxis

materialuri xarjebis gegmuri biujetis Sedgena, romlebic gaweuli

iqneba momaval wels gadayvanebis savaraudo moculobaze, yoveli saxis

masalis saSualo sadReRamiso moxmarebis gaangariSeba, sasawyobo marage-

bis sididis normirebis faqtobrivad miRebuli praqtikis gaanalizeba.

sasawyobo maragebisa da materialuri danaxarjebis normireba _ sawar-

moo resursebis racionalurad gamoyenebis erTerTi pirobaa. sawarmoo

maragis normaSi igulisxmeba yoveli saxis saSualo maragi wlis ganmav-

lobaSi, romelic miiCneva rogorc gardamavali maragi dagegmili wlis

bolosTvis. es norma izomeba yoveli saxis masalis saSualo sadReRamiso

moxmarebis dReebiT. avtosatransporto organizaciebisTvis (ato) re-

komendebulia materialuri resursebis saSualo statistikuri normebi:_ sawvavi _ 3 _ 5 dRe;_ sapoxi da sawmendi masalebi _ 20 dRemde;_ saTadarigo nawilebi da agregatebi _ 15 _ 20 dRe;_ saremonto masalebi _ 60 _ 70 dRe;_ instrumentebi _ 250 dRe;_ spec. tansacmeli _ 125 dRe;_ saburavebi _ 30 dRe.avtosatransporto organizaciebi unda mieswrafodnen yoveli saxis

masalis sawarmoo maragebis dacvisken. Sesabamisad, saprognozo balansSi

normatiuli sidide gamoiTvleba rogorc yoveli saxis masalis saSualo

sadReRamso moxmarebis namravli materialuri resursebis zemoaRniSnul

rekomendebul normebze dReebSi.

debitoruli davalianeba balansze wina wlis bolosTvis izrdeba

gayidvebis savaraudo moculobiT dRg-s CaTvliT da mcirdeba gegmu-

ri periodis ganmavlobaSi myidvelebisgan miRebuli fuladi saxsrebis

savaraudo nakadiT. gayidvebidan fuladi saxsrebis Semosulobebis ge-

gmuri sididis realobis Sesamowmeblad aucilebelia wina wlebSi faq-

211

tobrivad Camoyalibebuli da dReebSi gamosaxuli debitoruli daval-

ianebis brunvadobis donis gaanalizeba da am sididis gegmur periodSi

debitoruli davalianebis brunvadobasTan Sedareba.

gadaxrebi ama Tu im mxares obieqturad unda iyos ganpirobebuli:

ase, magaliTad, debitoruli davalianebis brunvadobis daCqareba dadeb-

iT dinamikas warmoadgens, romelic amavdroulad unda efuZnebodes am

gaumjobesebis uzrunvelmyofi RonisZiebebis nusxas, samuSaoebis (mom-

saxurebebis) miwodebebis saxelSekrulebo pirobebis Secvlas, axali

klientebis gamoCenas da a.S. gegmur periodSi wina wlis meurneobis

gaZRolis ZiriTadi pirobebis SenarCunebisas zogad rekomendacias sap-

rognozo balansisTvis debitoruli davalianebis maCveneblis mixedviT

SeiZleba warmoadgendes Semdegi: saSualo debitorulma davalianebam,

saprognozo balansidan gamomdinare, rogorc minimumi unda uzrunvely-

os, rom gegmur wels debitoruli davalianebis brunvadobis maCvenebeli

ar gauaresdes wina periodTan SedarebiT.

fuladi nakadebis moZraobis saprognozo biujetidan (fnmb) sap-

rognozo balansSi fuladi nakadebis mosalodneli naSTi gadaitaneba.

amasTan, Sedgenili fnmb-s (da maSasadame saprognozo balansSi gadasa-

tani dagegmili periodis bolosTvis arsebuli fuladi saxsrebis geg-

muri naSTis) sisworis Sesamowmeblad rekomendebulia mosalodneli fu-

ladi nakadebis moZraobis Sesaxeb uwyisis Sedgena ori cnobili xerxiT:

pirdapiri da arapirdapiri.

valdebulebebisa da kapitalis prognozis formirebisas saprognozo

balansis nawilis „kapitali da rezervebi“ Sedgena xdeba kapitalSi cvl-

ilebebis Sesaxeb angariSis prognozidan gamomdinare. ase, magaliTad, sa-

transporto kompaniis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis mixedviT

sawesdebo kapitalis sidide dagegmil periodSi SeiZleba Seicvalos me-

sakuTris gadawyvetilebiT iuridiuli piris reorganizaciis, aqciebis

nominalis an brunvaSi aqciebis odenobis (wilebis), satransporto kom-

paniis sawesdebo kapitalSi damfuZnebelTa pirdapiri Senatanebis (daban-

debebis) Secvlis Sedegad. ZiriTadi saSualebebis gadafaseba warmoadgens

faqtors, romelic gavlenas axdens damatebiTi kapitalis sidideze. wina

wels miRbuli wminda mogebidan saprognozo periodSi SeiZleba gaices

dividendebi, ganxorcieldes gadaricxvebi satransporto kompaniis

sarezervo fondSi, agreTve gaweul iqnas uSualod kapitalis Semcirebas

mikuTvnebuli xarjebi (mesakuTris gadawyvetilebiT). yvela zemoaR-

niSnuli faqtoris gavlenis gaTvaliswinebis Sedegad xdeba sawesdebo,

sarezervo, damatebiTi kapitalis da gaunawilebeli mogebis gamomavali

sidideebis prognozireba, romlebic gadaitaneba saprognozo balansSi.

212

kreditoruli davalianeba mimwodeblebis winaSe balansis mixedviT

izrdeba SenaZenebis dagegmili RirebulebiT dRg-s gaTvaliswinebiT da

mcirdeba dagegmil periodSi masalebis, samuSaoebisa da momsaxurebebis

momwodeblebisTvis gadasaxdelebis TanxiT. daricxvebis angariSebis

prognozi formirdeba korespondenciaSi pirdapiri gaangariSebis gziT,

mogebisa da zaralis (Sesabamisi dagegmili xarjebis nawilSi) angariSis

prognoziT. analogiurad gamoiTvleba Sromis anazRaurebis, gadasaxa-

debisa da mosakreblebis mosalodneli kreditoruli davalianeba da sxva

kreditoruli davalianeba. sabanko kreditiT sargeblobis SemTxvevaSi

avtosatransporto organizacia gegmavs angariSsworebas bankTan fu-

ladi saxsrebis moZraobis saprognozo biujetSi kreditebis mozidva-

sa da dabrunebasTan dakavSirebiT, dadebuli sakredito xelSekrulebis

pirobebidan gamomdinare, xolo prognozul buRaltrul balansSi ga-

daitaneba gegmuri periodis bolosTvis daufaravi davalianebis narCeni

vali (ZiriTadi Tanxa da sabanko procentebi).

ekonomikurad mdgradi saqmianobisTvis rentabelobis aucilebeli

donis uzrunvelsayofad mniSvnelovania agreTve Semdegi pirobebis dacva:

aki=________ ≥2,5 (43) a

wd +a

wb

mkm=_____________≥0,2 (44) (sk

wd +sk

wb)•0,5

sadac: ki- avansirebadi kapitalis brunvis intensiuroba, romelic ax-

asiaTebs organizaciis saqmianobaSi Cadebuli saxsrebis 1 larze reali-

zebuli samuSaoebis (momsaxurebebis) moculobas;

a _ amonagebi realizaciidan;awd da a

wbb _ balansis aqtivis Tanxebi wlis dasawyisisTvis da wlis

bolosTvis;k

m _ sakuTari kapitalis 1 larze mogebis moculoba;

m _ mogeba dabegvramde;sk

wd da sk

wb _ sakuTari kapitali wlis dasawyisisTvis da wlis bolos-

Tvis;brunvis rentabeloba satransporto organizaciisaTvis unda

Seesabamebodes tolobas Rb = mX100, %

213

III. regularuli gadayvanebis gansaxorcieleblad ekonomikurad

dasabuTebuli tarifisa da sabiujeto dafinansebis saWiro sididis gamo-

angariSeba.

ekonomikurad dasabuTebuli tarifi ganisazRvreba:- gaweuli momsaxurebis erTeulze _ 1 mgz. gadayvana an 1 mgz.km.- gaT-

vliT;- gaweuli satransporto momsaxurebis potenciur moculobaze _ 1

mgz.adgili.km. _ gaTvliT;- xazze satransporto saSualebis 1 km.-ze garbenis gaTvliT.tarifis sidide 1 km.-ze garbenis gaTvliT ganisazRvreba satrans-

porto saSualebis erTi modelisTvis formuliT: tiekm = Sa(tramv,trol)ikmX(1 + (R

inv + R

mog) / 100), lari/1 km garbenze (45)

da satransporto saSualebebis parkisTvis formuliT:

tekm =

n

1iS a(tramv,trol)ikm×(1 + (R

inv + R

mog) / 100)

, lari/1 km garbenze(46)

n

1iL

i weli

sadac Li weli _ mocemuli markebisa da modelebis satransporto sa-

Sualebebis marSrutebze jamuri garbeni ganrigis Sesabamisad.

tarifis sidide 1mgz.adgili.km.-ze gaTvliT ganisazRvreba formu-

liT: te mgz.adgili.km

=te km/q, lari, (47)

tarifis sidide 1 mgz. km.-ze gaTvliT ganisazRvreba formuliT:

te mgz.km =te mgz.adgili.km /γ, lari, (48)

tarifis sidide 1 mgz.-ze gaTvliT ganisazRvreba formuliT:

te mgz. =te mgz.km /l

saS, lari, (49)

saWiro sabiujeto dafinansebis sidide warmoebuli momsaxurebebis

erTeulze _ 1mgz. gadayvanaze an 1 mgz.km.-ze gaTvliT ganisazRvreba

formuliT:

214

bmgz (mgz.km)

= te mgz. (mgz.km) _ tdaw.mgz. (mgz.km), lari, (50)

sadac

tdaw.mgz. (mgz.km)

_ 1mgz. gadayvanaze an 1 mgz.km.-ze dawesebuli tarifis si-

dide.saWiro sabiujeto dafinansebis sidide nebismier garkveul periodSi

gasawevi satransporto momsaxurebebis dagegmil moculobebze gaTvliT

ganisazRvreba formuliT:

bTanx.

=bmgz. (mgz.km)

×W, lari,(51)

sadac: W _ saangariSsworebo periodSi gadayvanebis moculoba an mgzavr-

brunva, mgz. an mgz.km., am gansaxilvel periodSi marSrutze yvela sa-

transporto saSualebis garbeni.saWiro sabiujeto dafinansebis sidide, gegmuri samuSaos (marSrut-

ze garkveuli raodenobisa da tipis satransporto saSualebebis gaSve-

bis) Rirebulebidan gamomdinare, nebismier garkveul periodSi ganisaz-

Rvreba formuliT:

bTanx.

= Sgegm .

- Sprognoz., lari, (51)

sadac:S

gegm.- gegmuri Semosavlebi, romlebic unda miiRos gadamyvanma gan-

saxilvel marSrutze an marSrutebis jgufze yvela satransporto sa-

Sualebis gegmuri wliuri garbenidan, lari;

Sprognoz.

_ wlis ganmavlobaSi gansaxilvel marSrutze an marSrutebis

jgufze mgzavrebis gadayvanidan gadamyvanis mier miRebuli Semosavlebis

saprognozo sidide, lari.

215

danarTi. cxrili 1

ZiriTadi saSualebebis zrdis tempebi sabaziso welTan SedarebiT (Sefaseba

pirvandeli RirebulebiT) Z

iriTadi

saSual

ebebi

20

10

wel

i2

01

1 w

el

i2

01

2 w

el

i2

01

3 w

el

i2

01

4 w

el

i

lar

il

ar

i

zr

di

s

tem

pi

(%)

lar

i

zr

di

s

tem

pi

(%)

lar

i

zr

di

s

tem

pi

(%)

lar

i

zr

di

s

tem

pi

(%)

miwis n

a-

kveTebi

15,1

85,8

77.0

015,3

79,9

32.0

0101.2

816,8

72,7

73.0

0111.1

121,2

28,9

32.3

2139.7

921,2

28,9

32.3

2139.7

9

daumTavre-

bel

i m

Seneb-

lobebi

34,9

46,7

51.5

135,8

94,9

77.9

4102.7

135,8

74,9

84.8

0102.6

636,5

30,8

06.4

1104.5

339,2

42,2

02.1

6112.2

9

ZiriTadi

saSual

eba

sawyobSi

4,5

74,4

69.1

84,5

54,9

65.1

799.5

74,5

44,6

82.2

999.3

54,5

43,3

26.2

199.3

24,4

34,4

21.6

796.9

4

Senobebi

12,4

03,2

43.9

217,4

43,9

76.0

2140.6

419,5

43,5

15.7

9157.5

720,8

11,3

26.6

9167.7

921,0

04,0

03.8

5169.3

4

nagebobebi

256,3

34,6

68.7

1286,8

80,9

78.7

2111.9

2287,1

02,5

94.6

0112.0

1287,8

39,0

17.5

9112.2

9288,1

55,0

67.6

4112.4

2

manqana-d

a-

nadgarebi

33,2

76,9

38.2

033,6

81,0

14.8

0101.2

133,4

31,3

57.0

3100.4

634,0

02,6

19.8

7102.1

833,9

13,1

55.1

4101.9

1

transporti

182,6

33,8

61.6

1189,2

77,6

39.1

6103.6

4211,6

77,9

76.1

4115.9

0222,8

94,6

48.4

3122.0

4233,4

83,9

11.7

3127.8

4

ofisis a

R-

Wurvil

oba

2,1

97,2

12.5

23,5

66,1

19.7

2162.3

07,4

99,1

87.8

9341.3

08,8

56,8

57.1

7403.1

09,0

36,6

43.4

2411.2

8

aveji d

a

sxva i

nven-

tari

1,5

17,8

16.6

71,9

66,4

31.0

5129.5

62,1

85,4

22.5

1143.9

82,3

68,1

84.2

7156.0

32,5

91,9

70.4

3170.7

7

sxva d

a s

xva

121,6

96.4

8187,8

17.5

4154.3

3246,6

45.9

1202.6

7258,3

16.7

1212.2

6374,1

86.2

1307.4

7

543,1

92,5

35.8

0588,8

33,8

52.1

2108.4

1618,9

79,1

39.9

6113.9

5639,3

34,0

35.6

71

17

.70

653,4

64,4

94.5

7120.3

0

216

danarTi. cxrili 2

ZiriTadi saSualebis zrdis tempebi wina welTan SedarebiT (Sefaseba pirvandeli

RirebulebiT)

ZiriTadi s

aSual

ebebi

2009 w

el

i

20

10

wel

i2

01

1 w

el

i2

01

2 w

el

i

lar

i

zr

di

s

tem

pi

(%)

lar

i

zr

di

s

tem

pi

(%)

lar

i

zr

di

s

tem

pi

(%)

miwis n

akveTebi

6,2

01,2

54.0

015,1

85,8

77.0

0244.8

815,3

79,9

32.0

0101.2

816,8

72,7

73.0

0109.7

1

daumTavrebel

i m

Sene-

bl

obebi

35,1

20,7

23.2

734,9

46,7

51.5

199.5

035,8

94,9

77.9

4102.7

135,8

74,9

84.8

099.9

4

ZiriTadi s

aSual

eba

sawyobSi

4,5

76,0

75.6

74,5

74,4

69.1

899.9

64,5

54,9

65.1

799.5

74,5

44,6

82.2

999.7

7

Senobebi

3,3

73,5

55.2

512,4

03,2

43.9

2367.6

617,4

43,9

76.0

2140.6

419,5

43,5

15.7

9112.0

4

nagebobebi

253,434,888.80

256,3

34,6

68.7

1101.1

5286,8

80,9

78.7

2111.9

2287,1

02,5

94.6

0100.0

8

manqana-d

anadgarebi

31,656,714.27

33,2

76,9

38.2

0105.1

233,6

81,0

14.8

0101.2

133,4

31,3

57.0

399.2

6

transporti

178,768,499.55

182,6

33,8

61.6

1102.1

6189,2

77,6

39.1

6103.6

4211,6

77,9

76.1

4111.8

3

ofisis a

RWurvil

oba

1,827,841.88

2,1

97,2

12.5

2120.2

13,5

66,1

19.7

2162.3

07,4

99,1

87.8

9210.2

9

aveji d

a s

xva i

nven-

tari

1,370,732.30

1,5

17,8

16.6

7110.7

31,9

66,4

31.0

5129.5

62,1

85,4

22.5

1111.1

4

sxva d

a s

xva

14,7

85.8

2121,6

96.4

8823.0

6187,8

17.5

4154.3

3246,6

45.9

1131.3

2

51

6,3

45

,07

0.8

15

43

,19

2,5

35

.80

10

5.2

05

88

,83

3,8

52

.12

10

8. 4

06

18

,97

9,1

39

.96

10

5.1

2

217

danarTi. cxrili 2 (gagrZeleba)

ZiriTadi saSualebis zrdis tempebi wina welTan SedarebiT

ZiriTadi saSualebebi

2013 weli 2014 weli

lari

zrdis

tempi

(%)

lari

zrdis

tempi

(%)

miwis nakveTebi 21,228,932.32 125.82 21,228,932.32 100.00

daumTavrebeli mSeneb-

lobebi36,530,806.41 101.83 39,242,202.16 107.42

ZiriTadi saSualeba

sawyobSi4,543,326.21 99.97 4,434,421.67 97.60

Senobebi 20,811,326.69 106.49 21,004,003.85 100.93

nagebobebi 287,839,017.59 100.26 288,155,067.64 100.11

manqana-danadgarebi 34,002,619.87 101.71 33,913,155.14 99.74

transporti 222,894,648.43 105.30 233,483,911.73 104.75

ofisis aRWurviloba 8,856,857.17 118.10 9,036,643.42 102.03

aveji da sxva inventari 2,368,184.27 108.36 2,591,970.43 109.45

sxva da sxva 258,316.71 104.73 374,186.21 144.86

639,334,035.67 103.29 653,464,494.57 102.21

danarTi. cxrili 3

matebis tempebi sabaziso welTan SedarebiT Sefasebuli pirvandeli

RirebulebiT

ZiriTadi

saSualebebi

2011 weli 2012 weli

faqticvlileba

(lari)% faqti

cvlileba

(lari)%

miwis na-

kveTebi15,379,932.00 194,055.00 1.28 16,872,773.00 1,686,896.00 11.11

daumTavre-

beli mSeneb-

lobebi

35,894,977.94 948,226.43 2.71 35,874,984.80 928,233.29 2.66

ZiriTadi

saSualeba

sawyobSi

4,554,965.17 -19,504.01 -0.43 4,544,682.29 -29,786.89 -0.65

Senobebi 17,443,976.02 5,040,732.10 40.64 19,543,515.79 7,140,271.87 57.57

nagebobebi 286,880,978.72 30,546,310.01 11.92 287,102,594.60 26,091,294.89 12.00

manqana-da-

nadgarebi33,681,014.80 404,076.60 1.21 33,431,357.03 154,418.83 0.46

218

ofisis aR-

Wurviloba3,566,119.72 1,368,907.20 62.30 7,499,187.89 5,301,975.37 241.30

aveji da

sxva inven-

tari

1,966,431.05 448,614.38 29.56 2,185,422.51 667,605.84 43.98

transporti 189,277,639.16 6,643,777.55 3.64 211,677,976.14 29,044,114.53 15.90

sxva da sxva 187,817.54 66,121.06 54.33 246,645.91 124,949.43 102.67

sul 588,833,852.12 40,964,685.32 8.41 618,979,139.96 71,109,973.16 13.95


ZiriTadi

saSuale-

bebi

2013 weli 2014 weli

faqticvlileba

(lari)% faqti

cvlileba

(lari)%

miwis na-

kveTebi21,228,932.32 6,043,055.32 39.79 21,228,932.32 6,043,055.32 39.79

daum-

Tavrebeli

mSeneb-

lobebi

36,530,806.41 1,584,054.90 4.53 39,242,202.16 4,295,450.65 12.29

ZiriTadi

saSualeba

sawyobSi

4,543,326.21 -31,142.97 -0.68 4,434,421.67 -140,047.51 -3.06

Senobebi 20,811,326.69 8,408,082.77 67.79 21,004,003.85 8,600,759.93 69.34

nagebobebi 287,839,017.59 26,827,717.88 12.29 288,155,067.64 27,143,767.93 12.41

manqana-da-

nadgarebi34,002,619.87 725,681.67 2.18 33,913,155.14 636,216.94 1.91

ofisis aR-

Wurviloba8,856,857.17 6,659,644.65 303.10 9,036,643.42 6,839,430.90 311.28

aveji da

sxva inven-

tari

2,368,184.27 850,367.60 56.03 2,591,970.43 1,074,153.76 70.77

transpor-

ti222,894,648.43 40,260,786.82 22.04 233,483,911.73 50,850,050.12 27.84

sxva da

sxva258,316.71 136,620.23 112.26 374,186.21 252,489.73 207.47

sul 639,334,035.67 91,464,868.87 17.70 653,464,494.57 105,595,327.77 20.30

219

danarTi. cxrili 4

matebis tempebi sabaziso welTan SedarebiT Sefasebuli sabalanso RirebulebiT

ZiriTadi s

a-

Sual

ebebi

2010 w

el

i

2011 w

el

i2012 w

el

i

lari

cvl

il

eba

(lari)

%l

ari

cvl

il

eba

(lari)

%

miwis n

akveTebi

15,1

85,8

77.0

015,3

79,9

32.0

0194,0

55.0

01.2

816,8

72,7

73.0

01,6

86,8

96.0

011.1

1

daumTavrebel

i

mSenebl

obebi

34,9

46,7

51.5

135,8

94,9

77.9

4948,2

26.4

32.7

135,8

74,9

84.8

0928,2

33.2

92.6

6

ZiriTadi s

a-

Sual

eba s

awyobSi

4,5

74,4

69.1

84,5

54,9

65.1

7-1

9,5

04.0

1-0

.43

4,5

44,6

82.2

9-2

9,7

86.8

9-0

.65

Senobebi

10,8

15,7

85.1

115,5

56,1

08.7

84,7

40,3

23.6

743.8

317,5

61,5

89.7

36,7

45,8

04.6

262.3

7

nagebobebi

196,5

26,9

18.1

2226,8

81,6

97.9

530,3

54,7

79.8

315.4

5224,1

84,6

93.3

627,6

57,7

75.2

414.0

7

manqana-d

anad-

garebi

9,5

74,3

43.5

08,9

11,9

71.0

6-6

62,3

72.4

4-6

.92

8,0

29,9

22.1

5-1

,544,4

21.3

5-1

6.1

3

transporti

105,5

09,5

37.2

0104,1

37,8

89.0

8-1

,371,6

48.1

2-1

.30

117,0

68,7

95.5

611,5

59,2

58.3

610.9

6

ofisis a

RWurvi-

loba

557,9

36.4

91,4

71,1

19.9

0913,1

83.4

1163.6

74,3

01,4

40.2

73,7

43,5

03.7

8670.9

6

aveji d

a s

xva i

n-

ventari

395,6

33.1

5525,8

80.4

8130,2

47.3

332.9

2405,6

72.1

210,0

38.9

72.5

4

sxva d

a s

xva

68,1

03.8

453,0

95.3

6-1

5,0

08.4

8 -2

2.0

447,0

18.7

0-2

1,0

85.1

4-3

0.9

6

378,1

55,3

55.1

0413,3

67,6

37.7

235,2

12,2

82.6

29.3

1428,8

91,5

71.9

850,7

36,2

16.8

813.4

2

220


ZiriTadi sa-

Sualebebi

2013 2014

laricvlileba

(lari)% lari

cvlileba

(lari)%

miwis nakveTebi 21,228,932.32 6,043,055.32 39.79 21,228,932.32 6,043,055.32 39.79

daumTavrebeli

mSeneblobebi36,530,806.41 1,584,054.90 4.53 39,242,202.16 4,295,450.65 12.29

ZiriTadi

saSualeba

sawyobSi

4,543,326.21 -31,142.97 -0.68 4,434,421.67 -140,047.51 -3.06

Senobebi 18,551,162.63 7,735,377.52 71.52 18,387,484.89 7,571,699.78 70.01

nagebobebi 222,115,126.68 25,588,208.56 13.02 219,491,439.63 22,964,521.51 11.69

manqana-danad-

garebi7,782,263.79 -1,792,079.71 -18.72 7,548,799.19 -2,025,544.31 -21.16

transporti 118,539,183.70 13,029,646.50 12.35 118,936,098.15 13,426,560.95 12.73

ofisis aRWur-

viloba4,148,586.27 3,590,649.78 643.56 3,305,451.15 2,747,514.66 492.44

aveji da sxva

inventari361,737.92 -33,895.23 -8.57 419,364.46 23,731.31 6.00

sxva da sxva 19,525.31 -48,578.53 -71.33 98,334.70 30,230.86 44.39

433,820,651.24 55,665,296.14 14.72 433,092,528.32 54,937,173.22 14.53

221

danarTi. cxrili 5

matebis tempebi wina welTan SedarebiT Sefasebuli pirvandeli RirebulebiT

ZiriTadi s

aSual

e-

bebi

2009 w

el

i2010 w

el

i2011 w

el

i

lari

lari

cvl

il

eba

(lari)

mateba

(%)

lari

cvl

il

eba

(lari)

mateba

(%)

miwis n

akveTebi

6,2

01,2

54.0

015,1

85,8

77.0

08,9

84,6

23.0

0144.8

815,3

79,9

32.0

0194,0

55.0

01.2

8

daumTavrebel

i m

Sen-

ebl

obebi

35,1

20,7

23.2

734,9

46,7

51.5

1-1

73,9

71.7

6-0

.50

35,8

94,9

77.9

4948,2

26.4

32.7

1

ZiriTadi s

aSual

eba

sawyobSi

4,5

76,0

75.6

74,5

74,4

69.1

8-1

,606.4

9-0

.04

4,5

54,9

65.1

7-1

9,5

04.0

1-0

.43

Senobebi

3,3

73,5

55.2

512,4

03,2

43.9

29,0

29,6

88.6

7267.6

617,4

43,9

76.0

25,0

40,7

32.1

040.6

4

nagebobebi

253,4

34,8

88.8

0256,3

34,6

68.7

12,8

99,7

79.9

11.1

5286,8

80,9

78.7

230,5

46,3

10.0

111.9

2

manqana-d

anadgarebi

31,6

56,7

14.2

733,2

76,9

38.2

01,6

20,2

23.9

35.1

233,6

81,0

14.8

0404,0

76.6

01.2

1

transporti

178,7

68,4

99.5

5182,6

33,8

61.6

13,8

65,3

62.0

62.1

6189,2

77,6

39.1

66,6

43,7

77.5

53.6

4

ofisis a

RWurvil

oba

1,8

27,8

41.8

82,1

97,2

12.5

2369,3

70.6

420.2

13,5

66,1

19.7

21,3

68,9

07.2

062.3

0

aveji d

a s

xva i

nven-

tari

1,3

70,7

32.3

01,5

17,8

16.6

7147,0

84.3

710.7

31,9

66,4

31.0

5448,6

14.3

829.5

6

sxva d

a s

xva

14,7

85.8

2121,6

96.4

8106,9

10.6

6723.0

6187,8

17.5

466,1

21.0

654.3

3

sul

516,3

45,0

70.8

1543,1

92,5

35.8

026,8

47,4

64.9

95.2

0588,8

33,8

52.1

245,6

41,3

16.3

28.4

0

222


2012 w

el

i2013 w

el

i2014 w

el

i

lari

cvl

il

eba

(lari)

mateba

(%)a

lari

cvl

il

eba

(lari)

mate-

ba (%

)l

ari

cvl

il

eba

(lari)

mateba

(%)

miwa

16,8

72,7

73.0

01,4

92,8

41.0

09.7

121,2

28,9

32.3

24,3

56,1

59.3

225.8

221,2

28,9

32.3

2-

0.0

0

d.w.

35,8

74,9

84.8

0-1

9,9

93.1

4-0

.06

36,5

30,8

06.4

1655,8

21.6

11.8

339,2

42,2

02.1

62,7

11,3

95.7

57.4

2

sawy,

4,5

44,6

82.2

9-1

0,2

82.8

8-0

.22

4,5

43,3

26.2

1-1

,356.0

8-0

.03

4,4

34,4

21.6

7-1

08,9

04.5

4-2

.40

Sen

19,5

43,5

15.7

92,0

99,5

39.7

712.0

420,8

11,3

26.6

91,2

67,8

10.9

06.4

921,0

04,0

03.8

5192,6

77.1

60.9

3

nag.

287,1

02,5

94.6

0221,6

15.8

80.0

8287,8

39,0

17.5

9736,4

22.9

90.2

6288,1

55,0

67.6

4316,0

50.0

50.1

1

manq.

33,4

31,3

57.0

3-2

49,6

57.7

7-0

.74

34,0

02,6

19.8

7571,2

62.8

41.7

133,9

13,1

55.1

4-8

9,4

64.7

3-0

.26

tr.

211,6

77,9

76.1

422,4

00,3

36.9

811.8

3222,8

94,6

48.4

311,2

16,6

72.2

95.3

0233,4

83,9

11.7

310,5

89,2

63.3

04.7

5

ofisi

7,4

99,1

87.8

93,9

33,0

68.1

7110.2

98,8

56,8

57.1

71,3

57,6

69.2

818.1

09,0

36,6

43.4

2179,7

86.2

52.0

3

aveji

2,1

85,4

22.5

1218,9

91.4

611.1

42,3

68,1

84.2

7182,7

61.7

68.3

62,5

91,9

70.4

3223,7

86.1

69.4

5

sxva

246,6

45.9

158,8

28.3

731.3

2258,3

16.7

111,6

70.8

04.7

3374,1

86.2

1115,8

69.5

044.8

6

618,9

79,1

39.9

630,1

45,2

87.8

45.1

2639,3

34,0

35.6

720,3

54,8

95.7

13.2

9653,4

64,4

94.5

714,1

30,4

58.9

02.2

1

223

danarTi. cxrili 6

matebis tempebi wina welTan SedarebiT Sefasebuli sabalanso RirebulebiTZiriTadi

saSual

ebebi

2009 w

el

i2010 w

el

i2011 w

el

i

lari

cvl

il

eba

(lari)

mate-

ba

(%)

lari

cvl

il

eba

(lari)

mateba

(%)

miwis n

akveTe-

bi

6,2

01,2

54.0

015,1

85,8

77.0

08,9

84,6

23.0

0144.8

815,3

79,9

32.0

0194,0

55.0

01.2

8

daumTavre-

bel

i m

Seneb-

lobebi

35,1

20,7

23.2

734,9

46,7

51.5

1-1

73,9

71.7

6-0

.50

35,8

94,9

77.9

4948,2

26.4

32.7

1

ZiriTadi

saSual

eba

sawyobSi

4,5

76,0

75.6

74,5

74,4

69.1

8-1

,606.4

9-0

.04

4,5

54,9

65.1

7-1

9,5

04.0

1-0

.43

Senobebi

1,9

52,6

83.6

910,8

15,7

85.1

18,8

63,1

01.4

2453.8

915,5

56,1

08.7

84,7

40,3

23.6

743.8

3

nagebobebi

196,6

25,9

10.4

8196,5

26,9

18.1

2-9

8,9

92.3

6-0

.05

226,8

81,6

97.9

530,3

54,7

79.8

315.4

5

manqana-d

anad-

garebi

9,2

55,0

84.2

29,5

74,3

43.5

0319,2

59.2

83.4

58,9

11,9

71.0

6-6

62,3

72.4

4-6

.92

transporti

110,2

27,7

76.3

8105,5

09,5

37.2

0-4

,718,2

39.1

8-4

.28

104,1

37,8

89.0

8-1

,371,6

48.1

2-1

.30

ofisis a

RWur-

vil

oba

851,8

60.2

8557,9

36.4

9-2

93,9

23.7

9-3

4.5

01,4

71,1

19.9

0913,1

83.4

1163.6

7

aveji d

a s

xva

inventari

609,6

10.1

1395,6

33.1

5-2

13,9

76.9

6-3

5.1

0525,8

80.4

8130,2

47.3

332.9

2

sxva d

a s

xva

10,1

98.3

768,1

03.8

457,9

05.4

7567.7

953,0

95.3

6-1

5,0

08.4

8-2

2.0

4

sul

365,4

31,1

76.4

7378,1

55,3

55.1

012,7

24,1

78.6

33.4

8413,3

67,6

37.7

235,2

12,2

82.6

29.3

1

224


2012 w

el

i2013 w

el

i2014 w

el

i

lari

cvl

il

eba

(lari)

mateba

(%)

lari

cvl

il

eba

(lari)

mateba

(%)

lari

cvl

il

eba

(lari)

mateba

(%)

16,8

72,7

73.0

01,4

92,8

41.0

09.7

121,2

28,9

32.3

24,3

56,1

59.3

225.8

221,2

28,9

32.3

20.0

00

35,8

74,9

84.8

0-1

9,9

93.1

4-0

.06

36,5

30,8

06.4

1655,8

21.6

11.8

339,2

42,2

02.1

62,7

11,3

95.7

57.4

2

4,5

44,6

82.2

9-1

0,2

82.8

8-0

.23

4,5

43,3

26.2

1-1

,356.0

8-0

.03

4,4

34,4

21.6

7-1

08,9

04.5

4-2

.40

17,5

61,5

89.7

32,0

05,4

80.9

512.8

918,5

51,1

62.6

3989,5

72.9

05.6

318,3

87,4

84.8

9-1

63,6

77.7

4-0

.88

224,1

84,6

93.3

6-2

,697,0

04.5

9-1

.19

222,1

15,1

26.6

8-2

,069,5

66.6

8-0

.92

219,4

91,4

39.6

3-2

,623,6

87.0

5-1

.18

8,0

29,9

22.1

5-8

82,0

48.9

1-9

.90

7,7

82,2

63.7

9-2

47,6

58.3

6-3

.08

7,5

48,7

99.1

9-2

33,4

64.6

0-3

.00

117,0

68,7

95.5

612,9

30,9

06.4

812.4

2118,5

39,1

83.7

01,4

70,3

88.1

41.2

6118,9

36,0

98.1

5396,9

14.4

50.3

3

4,3

01,4

40.2

72,8

30,3

20.3

7192.3

94,1

48,5

86.2

7-1

52,8

54.0

0-3

.55

3,3

05,4

51.1

5-8

43,1

35.1

2-2

0.32

405,6

72.1

2-1

20,2

08.3

6-2

2.8

6361,7

37.9

2-4

3,9

34.2

0-1

0.8

3419,3

64.4

657,6

26.5

415.9

3

47,0

18.7

0-6

,076.6

6-1

1.4

419,5

25.3

1-2

7,4

93.3

9-5

8.4

798,3

34.7

078,8

09.3

9403.63

428,8

91,5

71.9

815,5

23,9

34.2

63.7

6433,8

20,6

51.2

44,9

29,0

79.2

61.1

5433,0

92,5

28.3

2-7

28,1

22.9

2-0

.17

225

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