Sổ Tay Hướng Dẫn an Toàn Vệ Sinh Lao Động Trong Doanh Nghiệp

S TAY AN TON V SINH LAO NG

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Con ngi l vn qu nht, con ngi lm ra ca ci vt cht v l ng lc chnh cho s pht trin ca x hi. Sc kho v sinh mng ca ngi lao ng l ti sn v gi ca mi gia nh, mi quc gia. V vy, m bo hnh phc ca mi gia nh, cho an sinh v pht trin kinh t x hi, con ngi phi tham gia hot ng lao ng sn xut trong iu kin an ton.Gp phn thc hin yu cu "An ton sn xut", "Sn xut phi m bo an ton", V Bo h Lao ng (B Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi) phi hp cng Nh xut bn Lao ng - X hi bin son v xut bn "S tay hng dn thc hin cng tc an ton - v sinh lao ng trong cc doanh nghip" nhm cung cp nhng thng tin cn thit cho cn b qun l, gim st cng tc an ton, v sinh v cho c ngi lao ng nhn bit nhng yu t nguy him, c hi ti ni lm vic, ng thi ch ra cc bin php phng nga nhng nguy c gy ra tai nn lao ng hoc nhng nh hng c hi n sc kho ca ngi lao ng. Chng ti hy vng rng cun Stay ny s gip ngi lao ng hnh ng ng, trnh c nhng ri ro ng tic trong hot ng sn xut.Ln u tin bin son, ni dung v hnh thc trnh by chc chn cn nhiu khim khuyt, chng ti rt mong nhn c s gp chn thnh ca bn c, nhng ngi quan tm ti cng tc an ton - v sinh lao ng nhm gip chng ti hon thin hn trong nhng ln ti bn.

H Ni, thng 02 nm 2002V Bo h lao ng

Phn I: Trch nhim v an ton v sinh lao ng

I- i vi ngi s dng lao ng

1. Nhng quy nh ca B lut Lao ng i vi ngi s dng lao ng

iu 95: Ngi s dng lao ng c trch nhim trang b y phng tin bo h lao ng, bo m an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng v ci thin iu kin lao ng cho ngi lao ng.

iu 96:

1. Vic xy dng mi hoc m rng, ci to c s sn xut, s dng, bo qun, lu gi v tng tr cc loi my, thit b, vt t, cc cht c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton lao ng, v

sinh lao ng, phi c lun chng v cc bin php bo m an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng i vi ni lm vic ca ngi lao ng v mi trng xung quanh theo quy nh ca php lut.

Danh mc cc loi my, thit b, vt t, cc cht c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng do B Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi v B Y t ban hnh.

2. Vic sn xut, s dng, bo qun, vn chuyn cc loi my, thit b, vt t, nng lng, in, ho cht, thuc tr su, dit c, dit chut, vic thay i cng ngh, nhp khu cng ngh mi phi c thc hin theo tiu chun an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng. Cc loi my, thit b, vt t, cc cht c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng phi c khai bo, ng k v xin cp giy php vi c quan thanh tra Nh nc v an ton lao ng hoc v sinh lao ng.

iu 97: Ngi s dng lao ng phi m bo ni lm vic t tiu chun v khng gian, thong, sng, t tiu chun v sinh cho php v bi, hi, kh c, phng x, in t trng, nng, m, n, rung v cc yu t c hi khc. Cc yu t phi c nh k kim tra o lng.

iu 98:

1. Ngi s dng lao ng phi nh k kim tra, tu sa my, thit b, nh xng, kho tng theo tiu chun an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng;

2. Ngi s dng lao ng phi c cc phng tin che chn cc b phn d gy nguy him ca my, thit b trong doanh nghip: ni lm vic, ni t my, thit b, ni c yu t nguy him, c hi trong doanh nghip, phi b tr phng s c, c bng ch dn v an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng t v tr m mi ngi d thy, d c.

iu 99: Trong trng hp ni lm vic, my, thit b c nguy c gy tai nn lao ng, bnh ngh nghip, ngi s dng lao ng phi thc hin ngay nhng bin php khc phc hoc phi ra lnh ngng hot ng ti ni lm vic v i vi my, thit b cho ti khi nguy c c khc phc.

iu 100: Ni lm vic c yu t nguy him, c hi, d gy tai nn lao ng phi c ngi s dng lao ng trang b k thut, y-t v trang b bo h lao ng thch hp m bo ng cu kp thi khi xy ra s c, tai nn lao ng.

2. Nhng quy nh v quyn v ngha v ca ngi s dng lao ng trong Ngh nh s 06/CP ngy 20 thng 01 nm 1995 ca Chnh ph

iu 13: Ngi s dng lao ng c ngha v:

1. Hng nm, khi xy dng k hoch sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip phi lp k hoch, bin php an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng v ci thin iu kin lao ng;

2. Trang b y phng tin bo v c nhn v thc hin cc ch khc v an ton lao ng,v sinh lao ng i vi ngi lao ng theo quy nh ca Nh nc;

3. C ngi gim st vic thc hin cc quy nh, ni quy, bin php an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng trong doanh nghip; phi hp vi Cng on c s xy dng v duy tr s hot ng ca mng li an ton - v sinh vin;

4. Xy dng ni quy, quy trnh an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng ph hp vi tng loi my, thit b, vt t k c khi i mi cng ngh my, thit b, vt t v ni lm vic theo tiu chun quy nh ca Nh nc;

5. T chc hun luyn, hng dn cc tiu chun, quy nh, bin php an ton, v sinh lao ng i vi ngi lao ng;

6. T chc khm sc kho nh k cho ngi lao ng theo tiu chun, ch quy nh;

7. Chp hnh nghim chnh quy nh khai bo, iu tra tai nn lao ng, bnh ngh nghip v nh k 6 thng, hng nm bo co kt qu tnh hnh thc hin an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng, ci thin iu kin lao ng vi S Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi ni doanh nghip hot ng.

iu 14: Ngi s dng lao ng c quyn:

1. Buc ngi lao ng phi tun theo cc quy nh, ni quy, bin php an ton lao ng, v sinhlao ng;

2. Khen thng ngi chp hnh tt v k lut ngi vi phm trong vic thc hin an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng;

3. Khiu ni vi c quan Nh nc c thm quyn v quyt nh ca Thanh tra vin lao ng v an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng nhng vn phi nghim chnh chp hnh quyt nh .

II- i vi ngi lao ng

1. Nhng quy nh v quyn v ngha v ca ngi lao ng trong Ngh nh s 06/CP ngy 20 thng 01 nm 1995 ca Chnh ph

iu 15: Ngi lao ng c ngha v:

1. Chp hnh cc quy nh, ni quy v an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng c lin quan n cng vic, nhim v c giao;

2. Phi s dng v bo qun cc phng tin bo v c nhn c trang cp, cc thit b an ton v sinh ni lm vic, nu lm mt hoc h hng th phi bi thng;

3. Phi bo co kp thi vi ngi c trch nhim khi pht hin nguy c gy tai nn lao ng, bnh ngh nghip, gy c hi hoc s c nguy him, tham gia cp cu v khc phc hu qu tai nn lao ng khi c lnh ca ngi s dng lao ng.

iu 16: Ngi lao ng c quyn:

1. Yu cu ngi s dng lao ng bo m iu kin lm vic an ton, v sinh, ci thin iu kin lao ng; trang cp y phng tin bo v c nhn, hun luyn, thc hin bin php an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng;

2. T chi lm cng vic hoc ri b ni lm vic khi thy r c nguy c xy ra tai nn lao ng,e da nghim trng tnh mng, sc kho ca mnh v phi bo ngay vi ngi ph trch trc tip; t chi tr li lm vic ni ni trn nu nhng nguy c cha c khc phc;

3. Khiu ni hoc t co vi c quan Nh nc c thm quyn khi ngi s dng lao ng vi phm quy nh ca Nh nc hoc khng thc hin ng cc giao kt v an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng trong hp ng lao ng, tho c lao ng.

2. Ngi lao ng phi chp hnh nghim chnh ni quy lm vic ca doanh nghip

Ni dung c bn ca ni quy thng bao gm:

a) Thi gian lm vic: Khng n mun, v sm. Vng mt phi c l do v ch khi c cho php.

b) T th lm vic:

- Phi s dng ng trang b bo v c nhn;

- Phi mc trang phc gn gng, sch p;

- Phi n, ung no , t th sn sng lm vic, v sinh c nhn, khng c say, xn.

c) Chp hnh s phn cng nhim v:

- Phi bm my v ni lm vic, tp trung lm vic, chp hnh nghim cc quy trnh sn xut, quy nh an ton;

- Phi chp hnh nhim v khi ngi s dng lao ng phn cng, thc hin xong phi bo co kt qu hon thnh nhim v.

d) Chp hnh ni quy, quy nh v bo h lao ng:

- Chp hnh k lut lao ng, k thut an ton, k thut v sinh, quy nh v phng chng chy, n; ch c ht thuc ni quy nh, bo mt, bo v ti sn chung, bo v n v;

- Khi pht hin cc hin tng l nh: nghi chy; h hng my; kh nng sp, , cc yu t gy mt an ton; iu kin lao ng khng m bo an ton v sinh lao ng... phi bo ngay cho ngi s dng lao ng bit.

e) Sinh hot: Trong lc lm vic, khng c n, ht thuc, ung ru, bia; khng c a, gin, ni tc; khng lm nh hng ti ngi khc; khng c tip khch, mua bn, gii quyt vic ring.

f) Kt thc ngy lm vic:

- Dn v sinh ni lm vic, sp xp sn sng hm sau lm vic;

- Ct in, ct nc, ng ca s, ca ra vo, che y nguyn vt liu,...

- Bo cho ngi s dng lao ng khi ra v.

3. thc hin c ngha v ca mnh i vi vic m bo an ton lao ng, ngi lao ng cn ch

a) Phi chp hnh ng ni quy, quy trnh lao ng, ni ng, thc hin ng, phn ng ng, phi tr thnh tp qun:

- Khi lm cng vic, nn suy ngh xem bn thn v nhng ngi cng lm nn tin hnh cch no c an ton nht;

- Phi lng sc, khng c gng khun vc vt qu nng, cng knh, nn thm ngi gip sc, nn s dng xe. Khi phi hp nhiu ngi lm cng vic phi c ngi ch huy thng nht hnh ng, bo m an ton;

- Bit nh ra tnh hung, cch x l, cch gii quyt cc tnh hung bt li;

- Khng lm bt c vic g c th gy ra nguy him c kh nng xy ra s c tai nn hoc chy n.

b) Cn nghi ng hoc cha nm vng cch s dng hoc cha hiu r quy trnh th phi hi ngayngi giao cng vic cho mnh.

c) cha nm chc cng vic th khng c lm m phi hi li cho k lng, nn tp thao tc cho thun thc ri mi c lm.

d) Phi tp trung theo s ch dn lun lm ng:

- Khng a gin, x y, tung nm vt, ni tiu lm, ni tc... khi lm vic nguy him;

- Khng la c a gin khu vc ngi khc ang lm vic, my ang hot ng;

- Phi hiu bit v cc bin bo, ch dn, ni quy, c bit l cc du hiu nguy him.

e) Phi bo ngay vi ngi c trch nhim v mi ngi xung quanh khi pht hin nguy c gy tai nn lao ng, bnh ngh nghip, c hi, hoc s c nguy him;

Khc phc ngay hoc lm du, bo cho mi ngi bit cc mng, ng cng, h b mt np. Cng hnh ng tng t i vi in, my, ho cht, vt di chuyn, vt ri... c th gy nguy him cho ngi.

f) Gi gn ni lm vic ca mnh v gp phn gi gn cho ton b khu vc xng:

- Sch s;

- Gn gng;

- Vt dng ng ch quy nh;

- phng, ngn nga cc tnh hung bt li v an ton lao ng;

- Phi dn dp gn, xp t an ton cc vt bn nhn, chai, bnh ng ho cht, xng, du...

- Phi nh, tn bt, nh gc inh, cc vt nhn m ta v mi ngi c th gim ln.

- Phi bt, bao che, phn nh ra ca my v phng tin;

- Phi tho g cc dy, cy chn, vt qua li i li.

g) Khi tinh thn khng thoi mi, mt mi, c th au yu, chng mt, cn i tiu, tiu... khng nn lm vic trn cao, khng nn iu khin my c vn tc, cng sut ln.

h) Phi s dng y , ng quy nh cc dng c, phng tin bo v c nhn, cc thit b an ton, v sinh ni lm vic. Nu cha c cp pht y th yu cu ngi s dng lao ng cp pht .

i) Ngi lao ng phi cnh gic, phng mi kh nng chy:

- Chp hnh ng k thut an ton in, phng chy do in.

- Chp hnh ng k thut an ton ho cht, phng chy do ho cht, xng, sn, cn...

- Chp hnh ng quy nh s dng ngun la: ch c ht thuc ni cho php, khng c ngun la gn cht d chy.

4. Ni dung giao kt v an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng trong hp ng lao ng

Trong hp ng lao ng, cc ni dung v bo h lao ng i vi ngi lao ng bao gm nhng ni dung sau y:

a) c m bo iu kin lm vic an ton - v sinh;

b) c hun luyn v k thut an ton - v sinh v bin php lm vic an ton - v sinh;

c) c trang cp phng tin bo v c nhn v bi dng bng hin vt (nu vic lm c yu t c hi, nguy him).

d) c hng cc ch , chnh sch v bo h lao ng.

Phn II: An ton lao ng

I- Nhng quy tc chung v an ton lao ng

1. Cc quy tc an ton khi sp xp vt liu

- Dng k v nh v chc chn khi bo qun vt d ln...

- Vt liu nn xp ring theo tng loi v theo th t thun tin cho vic bo qun, s dng;

- Bo qun ring cc cht gy chy, cht d chy, a xt.

2. Cc quy tc an ton khi i li

- Ch c i li cc li i dnh ring cho ngi c xc nh;

- Khi ln xung thang phi vn tay vo lan can;

- Khng nhy t v tr trn cao nh gin do xung t;

- Khi c chng ngi vt trn li i phi dn ngay thng ng;

- Khng bc, gim qua my ct, gc my, vt liu, thit b v ng dnh ring cho vn chuyn;

- Khng i li trong khu vc c ngi lm vic bn trn hoc c vt treo trn;

- Khng i vo khu vc ang chuyn, ti bng cu...

- Nht thit phi dng m khi i li pha di cc cng trnh xy dng, cc my mc ang hot ng.

3. Cc quy tc an ton ni lm vic

- Khng bo qun cht c ni lm vic.

- Khi lm vic bn trn nn cm ngi i li pha di; khng nm , dng c xung di.

- Ni lm vic lun c gi sch s, dng c, vt liu c sp xp gn gng.

- Thc hin theo cc bin bo, cc quy tc an ton cn thit.

4. Cc quy tc an ton khi lm vic tp th

- Khi lm vic tp th phi phi hp cht ch vi nhau.

- Ch nh ngi ch huy v lm vic theo tn hiu ca ngi ch huy.

- S dng dng c bo h thch hp trc khi lm vic.

- Tm hiu k trnh t v cch lm vic, tin hnh theo ng trnh t.

- Khi i ca phi bn giao cng vic mt cch t m, r rng.

- Trc khi vn hnh thit b phi ch quan st ngi xung quanh.

5. Cc quy tc an ton khi tip xc vi cht c hi

- Cn phn loi, dn nhn v bo qun cht c hi ni quy nh.

- Khng n ung, ht thuc ni lm vic.

- S dng cc dng c bo h (mt n chng kh c, o chng ho cht, gng tay...), dng c phng h.

- Nhng ngi khng lin quan khng c vo khu vc cha cht c.

- Tht cn thn khi s dng cc cht kim, a xt.

- Ra tay sch s trc khi n ung.

6. Cc quy tc an ton khi s dng dng c bo h

* Cn s dng dng c bo h c cp pht ng theo yu cu:

- Cn s dng ng bo b, m bo h khi lm vic ngoi tri, trong mi trng nguy him, c hi.

- Khng s dng gng tay vi khi lm vic vi cc loi my quay nh my khoan...

- S dng knh chng bi khi lm cc cng vic pht sinh bi, mn... nh ct, mi, gia cng c kh....

- S dng o, gng tay chng ho cht; knh bo h khi tip xc vi ho cht.

- S dng knh bo v khi lm vic ni c tia c hi.

- Nhng ngi kim tra, sa cha my in, dng c in, dy ti, dy cp in cn s dng m cch in, gng tay cao su cch in.

- S dng dng c h tr h hp, my cp khng kh, mt n dng kh khi lm vic trong mi trng c nng xy di 18%.

- Trong mi trng c nng kh c vt qu tiu chun cho php, cn s dng dng c cung cp kh tr h hp.

- Khi phi tip xc vi (vt) cht nng hoc lm vic mi trng qu nng cn s dng gng v o chng nhit.

- Cn s dng dng c bo v nh nt l tai, bt tai khi lm vic trong mi trng c n trn 90dB.

- Cn s dng o, mt n, gng tay, ng chng thm nhp khi tip xc vi cc cht gy tn thng cho da hoc gy nhim c qua da.

- S dng mt n phng c ni c kh, khi, hi c; s dng mt n chng bi ni c nhiu vn, bi bay.

- S dng gng tay chuyn dng khi nung chy, hn ga, hn h quang.

- S dng thit b an ton kiu x eo khi lm vic ni d b ng hoc ni c cao t 2m tr ln.

- S dng dng c bo v mt khi lm vic trong mi trng d b bn mn, hi, cht c vo mt.

- S dng o, gng chng phng x khi lm vic gn thit b c s dng phng x ng v.

7. Cc quy tc an ton my mc

7.1. Cc quy tc an ton chung

- Ngoi ngi ph trch ra, khng ai c khi ng, iu khin my;

- Trc khi khi ng my phi kim tra thit b an ton v v tr ng;

- Trc khi i lm vic khc phi tt my, khng my hot ng khi khng c ngi iu khin;

- Cn tt cng tc ngun khi b mt in;

- Khi mun iu chnh my, phi tt ng c v ch cho ti khi my dng hn; khng dng tay hoc gy lm dng my;

- Khi vn hnh my cn s dng phng tin bo v c nhn, khng mc o qu di, khng qunkhn qung c, khng eo c vt, nhn, gng tay;

- Kim tra my thng xuyn v kim tra trc khi vn hnh;

- Trn my hng cn treo bin ghi "my hng".

- Tt my trc khi lau chi v dng dng c chuyn dng lau chi.

7.2. Cc quy tc an ton khi vn hnh my khoan

- Trc khi lm vic cn kim tra xem mi khoan c lp c nh cha;

- Khng eo gng tay khi lm vic;

- Sau khi mi khoan quay, c nh bn lm vic;

- Trong khi khoan khng dng ming thi hoc dng tay gt mn;

- Khi mun khoan l to, nn khoan l nh trc sau khoan rng thm;

- Khi khoan tm mng nn lt vn g di;

- Cn tip mt trc khi thao tc khoan in.

7.3. Cc quy tc an ton khi dng thang my vn chuyn

- Trc khi s dng cn kim tra cc thit b an ton nh b phn dng khn cp; khng vn hnh my khi xy ra trc trc;

- Trc khi s dng cn nm vng phng php iu khin v cch x l trong trng hp khn cp;

- Kim tra xem thang my tip t hon ton cha trc khi cht, d hng;

- Vn chuyn vt di trng ti cho php; khng cht th ra ngoi;

- Cho thang chy khi ca ng kn;

- Khng ai c i vo thang tr ngi iu khin;

- Khi thang ang chy khng da vo ca ra vo;

- Ch ra vo khi thang dng hon ton;

- Khi c s c xy ra, cn bo co ngay v tm cch gii quyt.

7.4. Cc quy tc an ton khi dng my ti

- Kim tra trng thi ca vt trong thng ti;

- Kim tra trng thi ca dy ti, cng tc gii hn;

- Khng cht vt vt qu trng ti cho php;

- Kim tra hot ng ca cun nh hng;

- Kim tra trng thi ca thng ti;

- ng cht v c nh ca thng ti;

- Trc khi vn hnh phi mc cn thn dy an ton;

- Vn hnh sau khi trao i tn hiu qua li gia trn v di;

- Trong khi ang vn hnh, khng ngi khc tip cn my;

- Khng thng ti treo l lng;

- Khi vn hnh nu c s c xy ra cn ngt in ngun v bo ngay cho ngi chu trch nhim c bin php sa cha;

- Khng c ch ngi.

8. Cc quy tc an ton i vi dng c th cng

- i vi dng c th cng nh di, c, cn sa khi phn cn b to, hoc thay mi, khi li b hng, lung lay.

- Sau khi s dng nn bo qun dng c ni quy nh.

- Khi bo qun cn bt phn li di, c v xp vo hm cc dng c c u sc nhn.

- S dng knh bo h khi lm vic ni c vt vng, bn.

9. Cc quy tc an ton in

- Khng ai c sa in ngoi nhng ngi c chng ch.

- Khi pht hin c s c cn bo ngay cho ngi c trch nhim.

- Khng s m vo dy in, thit b in khi tay t.

- Tt c cc cng tc phi c np y.

- Khng phun, rt cht lng ln thit b in nh cng tc, m t, hm phn phi in.

- Kim tra nh k an ton ca dy dn.

- Khng treo, mc vt ln dy dn in, dng c in.

- Khng dy dn chy vt qua gc sc hoc my c cnh sc nhn.

- Khng ni nhiu nhnh vi dy ng trc.

II- an ton khi s dng my mc

A- Nhng vn cn ch

1. Cc b phn d gy tai nn ca thit b, my mc

Tai nn thng hay xy ra cc b phn thc hin hnh trnh tin li, cc b phn quay, cc b phn tip xc nm gia phn quay ca thit b. Tai nn xy ra do kt, vng, t, cun thng xut hin cc b phn chuyn ng quay trn nh li ca my mi, li ca ca my ca trn, li (cnh) ca my trn.

Nguy him do kt thng xy ra gia bnh rng hay trc quay chuyn ng xui v dy xch truyn lc, dy ti hnh ch V chuyn ng ngc chiu.

2. Phng php vn hnh

Trong khi thao tc, nu pht hin s c nh: rung, nh la, r du... ca my hoc m t cn thc hin cc bin php thch hp nh bo ngay cho ngi chu trch nhim.

ngn nga s c xy ra do cng nhn khc vn hnh my thiu chnh xc, cn thc hin cc bin php thch hp nh: gn kho vo b phn iu khin v qun l ring cha kho; gn bin bo c ch "ang hot ng".

3. Trnh t kim tra my

a) Kim tra khi my ngh:

- Kim tra b phn cp du.

- Kim tra cng tc ca m t.

- Kim tra trng thi lng, cht ca vt.

- Kim tra b phn truyn lc, b phn an ton.

- Kim tra trng thi tip mt.

- Kim tra trnh bo qun cc cht lng, cht kh d chy gn cng tc.

b) Kim tra khi my ang hot ng:

- Kim tra trng thi chc nng ca trc truyn lc.

-Kim tra tip du v r du.

- Kim tra chu lc v trng thi ca l chn bo v, tm ph phng h c lp t cc v tr nguy him nh: bnh quay chnh, bnh rng, bng ti, trc ti hoc cc phn u tri ra vt ca then, cht my .

- Kim tra ting ku l, rung, hin tng qu nng v nh la ca m t.

B- An ton khi lm vic vi mt s my mc c th

1. An ton khi lm vic vi my dp

a) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:

- Yu t nguy him ca my: My dp c gn trc truyn lc ph tr thng khng th dng khn cp khi trc trt thc hin hnh trnh i xung.

- Khi vn hnh sai nguyn tc: Tai nn thng xy ra do ri phn khun trn hoc do ngi khcv tnh iu khin lm cho trc trt i xung trong khi ang iu chnh, tho, lp khun.

- Thiu ch khi s dng thit b an ton:

+ S dng cc thit b an ton khng thch hp vi chng loi, hnh thc ca my dp; lp t cc thit b an ton v tr khng thch hp hoc vn hnh my dp khi thit b an ton khng hot ng.

+ Khi ng trc truyn lc hoc nhn sai bn p trong khi lp, tho, iu chnh khun.

+ vt ri vo bn p lm cho my dp hot ng sai nguyn tc.

+ Tai nn c th xy ra do ngi khc vn hnh sai khi lm vic tp th.

b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:

- Ch khng cho tay vo trong khun my

+ S dng my dp c gn l chn an ton;

+ S dng my dp c khun an ton;

+ S dng my dp c gn b phn truyn ti vo ra t ng.

- S dng cc thit b bo h c gn km tu theo chng loi, p lc, hnh trnh v phng php lm vic ca my.

+ Thit b an ton kiu then chn;

+ Thit b an ton kiu y tay;

+ Thit b an ton nhn bit tay ngi;

+ Thit b an ton yu cu vn hnh my bng hai tay;

+ Thit b an ton quang in t.

- Khi lm vic tp th t hai ngi tr ln phi la chn kiu tn hiu thch hp trc khi thao tc.

- S dng cng c th cng (nu c th) khi gia cng thit b sn xut.

c) Cc quy tc v an ton khi vn hnh my dp:

* Cc bc chun b

- Trc khi lm vic cn kim tra hot ng ca thit b an ton v im h 4 gc;

- Kim tra xem cng tc la chn c c t v tr thuc hnh trnh an ton 1 hay khng;

- Khi my b s c, hng hc, cn bo ngay cho ngi chu trch nhim sa cha kp thi.

* Thao tc gia cng

- Cn s dng cng tc cp nc khi vn hnh;

- Cn chnh cc nt iu khin sau mi thao tc;

- Cn ngt in ngun khi loi b tp cht trong khun;

- Cn s dng thit b chuyn dng dn vn, tp cht.

* Cc quy tc v an ton khi thay khun

- Cn ngt in ngun v treo bin bo "ang thay khun" vo cng tc khi c nh thay khun dp;

- C nh thanh chn an ton vo ng v tr v kim tra li;

- Khi lm vic tp th, cn thng nht r rng vic s dng cc tn hiu;

- Khng c c s dng sc mnh khi lm vic vi khun dp;

- Cn ngt cng tc chnh trc khi thao tc chnh cc thng s;

- Cn kim tra khu vc xung quanh my trc khi tin hnh chy th.

2. An ton khi lm vic vi my mi


- Do tip xc vi phn li quay mi ca my;

- Do cc mnh vn vng ra khi li mi b v;

- Do cc mnh vn ca vt gia cng vng ra.


- Trc khi vn hnh my cn gn thit b che li mi ph hp vi chng loi my, ng thi c sc chu ng khi li mi b v;

- Khi gn thit b che li mi cn duy tr gc h tu theo loi my;

- ng knh ngoi ca mt bch bng 1/3 ng knh ngoi ca li mi;

- Gn v s dng thit b bo v trnh cc mnh vng ca vt gia cng;

- Cn chy th t nht 1 pht trc khi vn hnh my v t nht 3 pht sau khi thay li mi; ch khng my chy vt qu tc quy nh.

c) Cc quy tc v an ton khi vn hnh my mi:

- Gn v s dng thit b che li mi;

- Cn my chy th t nht 3 pht sau khi thay li mi;

- Cn kim tra li mi trc khi s dng, khng dng trong trng hp c ting ku l hoc c vt nt, rn li mi;

- Duy tr khong cch chng 3 mm gia li mi v gi ;

- Cho tip xc t t, trnh xy ra va p mnh gia vt gia cng v my;

- Mt bch hai bn phi c ng knh ngoi bng nhau v bng ti thiu 1/3 ng knh ngoi ca li mi;

- Trnh s dng cc m bn ca li mi;

- Cn s dng knh, v mt n chng bi khi vn hnh my;

- Bo qun my ni kh ro v khng c s chnh lch qu ln v nhit ;

- Phn loi my theo quy cch v ng li mi khi bo qun trong kho.

3. An ton khi lm vic vi my cun p

a) Yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:

Tai nn thng xy ra do hai trc cun quay ngc chiu nhau d ht tay, tc...

b) Phng php thao tc an ton:

- Trong trng hp vn hnh my cun p gia cng bin hnh hoc lm mm cao su, cao su tng hp, phi s dng loi my c gn b phn dng khn cp.

Chng loi thit b dng khn cp V tr t thit b

Kiu chnh bng tay

Kiu chnh bng bng nc

Kiu chnh bng u gi

Khong 1,8m tnh t mt

Khong 0,8 - 1,1m t mt

Khong 0,4 - 0,6m t mt

- Cn s dng my cun p c gn thit b nh hng v hng ro bo v khi lm vic vi tm p, giy, vi, kim loi tm ...

c) Cc quy tc v an ton khi vn hnh my cun p

- Trc khi vn hnh my cn kim tra trng thi hot ng ca cc thit b an ton nh thit b dng khn cp;

- Thit b dng khn cp phi c lp t v tr thun tin cho ngi s dng;

- Cn lp t hng ro bo v v thit b nh hng v tr d b kt;

- Cc cng vic kim tra, lau chi ch c thc hin sau khi dng my.

4. An ton khi lm vic vi my ca g li trn


- Tip xc vi li ca ang quay khi gia cng g;

- Khi a g vo pha li ca, phn ui g cn tha hay bn thn thanh g b vng vo thn ngi.


- phng tai nn do tip xc vi li ca, cn lp t thit b ngn nga tip xc vi li ca (tm che);

- phng tai nn do vt gia cng b vng, cn gn li ph (dao tch mch).

Li ph c dy gp 1,1 ln dy ca li ca chnh v c gn cch li ca chnh khong 12mm.

c) Cc quy tc an ton khi s dng my ca:

- Trc khi vn hnh cn cho my chy th;

- Kim tra xem li ca c b rn nt, mn hoc m hay khng;

- Kim tra hot ng ca thit b an ton mi khi vn hnh my;

- Khi lm vic cn dng cc thit b bo h nh knh bo v...

- Trc khi vn hnh my cn vn cht tt c cc vt, cht g li ca;

- Sau khi thay li ca cn my chy th trc khi gia cng;

- Ch ngt in ngun khi kt thc cng vic hay khi mt in;

- Ch lun qut mn ca, thu dn, sp xp ngn np ni lm vic.

5. An ton khi lm vic vi my bo g dng ng c

a) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my bo g dng ng c:

- Tip xc vi li bo ang hot ng;

- Phn li ca my bo dng thu lc b h;

- Phn bng ti hnh ch V ca my bo b h.


- Gn thit b ngn nga tip xc trc khi lm vic;

- Khng s dng gng tay khi vn hnh my;

- Dng thit b ph tr (tay y) trnh trt tay vo my khi bt u v kt thc thao tc;

- Ch khng c tnh dng lc n g vo, phng nguy him do u vu, bu ca g vngra.

c) Cc quy tc v an ton khi vn hnh my:

- Cn cho my chy th trc khi lm vic.

- Kim tra hot ng ca thit b an ton mi khi vn hnh my.

- Ch ngt in ngun khi kt thc cng vic hay khi mt in.

- Khi lm vic cn dng cc thit b bo h nh knh bo v...

- Qut v bo, dn v sinh thng xuyn.

6. An ton khi lm vic vi cn cu

a) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh cu:

- Nguy him do vt c cu b ri;

- Nguy him do b kt;

- Nguy him do b t ng.


- S dng cn cu c gn thit b an ton nh: thit b chng qu ti, thit b chng cun qu dy,thit b dng khn cp, thit b g dy...

- Trc khi lm vic cn kim tra cc thit b an ton v dy ti;

- Kim tra an ton c ly di ng ca hng cu;

- S dng mc c gn thit b g dy;

- Khng c s dng cc loi dy ti b mc cc li nh:

+ Dy b t;

+ Dy b xon;

+ Dy b ph hu, bin dng, n mn;

+ Dy c ng knh b mn, gim hn 7% so vi ng knh tiu chun.

+ Dy b mt hn 10% tng s si mt u.

c) Cc quy tc an ton khi vn hnh cn cu:

- Ch c nhng ngi c ch nh mi c quyn iu khin my;

- Khi chuyn ti hng, khng my hot ng hai hng cng lc;

- Do dy ti chu lc va p km nn trnh buc qua loa nng hoc h hng ho;

- Cn lp dy xch v dy ti vo hng ti mt cch cn i;

- Ch c nhng ngi c ch nh mi c quyn ra hiu cho li cu;

- Ngi ra hiu phi mc trang phc, phi ra hiu theo quy nh mt cch r rng, mch lc;

- Pht tn hiu ti sau khi g mc vo phn gia vt ti;

- Kim tra trng thi ca dy ti v trnh ti, cu qu ti;

- Khng qua li di v tr hng ang c cu.

7. An ton lm vic vi xe nng

a) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh xe nng:

- Do tip xc gia ngi v xe;

- Do hng ri;

- Do xe b lt.


- Khng cht hng ho qu trng ti cho php ca xe;

- Duy tr s n nh khi chy v khi ti;

- Gi ng gii hn tc cho php khi li xe;

- Khng quay xe t ngt;

- Khng chy hoc quay xe khi a hng ln cao;

- S dng tay nng, thanh chn thch hp vi tng loi hng.

Tnh nguy him Nguyn nhn

Nguy him do tip xc gia ngi v xe

- Chy qu nhanh ng hp;

- Khi chy li;

- Hng nhiu che tm nhn cali xe.

Nguy him do hng ri

- Hng chnh vnh;

- Xut pht, dng, vng t ngt;

- Tay li cha thun thc.

Nguy him do xe b lt.

- Quay xe vi tc cao;

- Nn, sn lm vic b nghing;

- Cht hng qu ti;

- ng i khng bng phng.

8. An ton khi lm vic vi bng chuyn


- Ngi b kt do b cun o, qun vo dy xch, bng ti, trc quay...

- Ngi khc v iu khin my khi ang sa cha, bo tr my;

- Hng ti b ri.


- Kim tra hot ng ca cc thit b an ton ca bng chuyn;

- Khi sa cha, bo tr my, cn gn kho hoc bin "ang lm vic" trnh ngi khc iu khin;

- i vi loi bng ti hot ng ti dc, cn kim tra cc thit b chng b tri phng khi b mt in hoc gim in p lm ri hng;

- phng hng b ri, sa cha kp thi li ngn hoc tm che b hng;

- S dng trang phc gn gng trnh my cun;

- Khi ti hng ln cao cn s dng cc bc ni chuyn tip.

c) Cc quy tc v an ton khi vn hnh bng chuyn:

- Khng c t iu khin tc ti;

- Trnh khng c cht hng nghing v mt bn;

- Trnh s dng bng chuyn vo cc mc ch khc ngoi vn chuyn;

- Cn lau chi, sp xp khu vc lm vic, li i thng xuyn;

- Ch c ngi c ch nh mi c quyn iu khin my.

9. An ton khi lm vic vi my n to hnh


- Thn ngi d b kt vo khun khi con trt chy;

- Thn th ngi d b kt do ngi khc v tnh iu khin trong khi ang kim tra, sa cha my;

- B in git do h dy in ngun ca l un;

- B bng do tip xc thn th vo cc b phn nng nh l un...


- Trong trng hp con trt lm vic khi ca "np" ca my m, cn bo ngay cho ngi qun l sa my;

- Khi kim tra my cn gn kho hoc bin "ang lm vic" vo cng tc khi ng phng ngi khc do v tnh iu khin my;

- trnh tip xc cn lp t np ph vo b phn nng nh l un...

- Xc nh v tr nt dng khn cp c th dng my lp tc.

10. An ton khi lm vic vi my nghin


- i vi my nghin, my trn... khi ca my m d gy ra tro nguyn liu; ngi b ng hoc ri;

- Thn th ngi tip xc vi cc b phn ang chuyn ng;

- Ngi khc v tnh iu khin khi ang lau chi, sa cha thng my.


- Khi vn hnh my nghin, my trn cn kim tra np y v hot ng ca b phn kho lin kt gia np v cng tc khi ng;

- Dng my khi ly nguyn liu trn trong my;

- Khi lau chi, sa cha trong thng my, cn lp kho vo cng tc khi ng v bo qun cha kho.

11. An ton khi lm vic vi my tin


- Phoi tin, du lm mt my b vng ra;

- Vt gia cng qu di thng b cong do lc ly tm;

- Gng tay, trang phc bo h d b cun khi ngi tip xc vi trc tin hoc phi ang tin;

- Cng c b vng khi ri vo trc tin ang quay.


- Lp t tm bo v chng bn, vng phoi tin v du lm mt;

- S dng thit b chng rung khi gia cng phi qu di;

- S dng trang phc gn gng, trnh dng gng tay vi;

- Khng t cng c pha trn trc chnh, nn bo qun ring.

c) Cc quy tc vn hnh an ton khi vn hnh my tin:

- S dng knh bo h khi gia cng ct;

- Nn s dng loi dao tin ngn v lp dao tht chc chn;

- Nn mc trang phc gn trnh b cun vo trc tin hoc phi tin;

- S dng thit b chng rung khi gia cng phi qu di;

- Khi dn phoi tin, khng dng kh nn m dng chi lng;

- Khng s dng gng tay vi khi gia cng.

12. My ct gt tng hp


- Vn bn vo mt;

- ng tay o b cun vo li ct.


- Lp t tm bo h thch hp vi vt gia cng nm pha trn li ct;

- Dng chi lng khi dn vn;

- Khi ct mt chnh, phng vn bn ra, nn lp tm bo h hoc dng knh bo h;

- Khng dng gng tay khi gia cng ct.

c) Cc quy tc vn hnh an ton khi vn hnh my:

- Trc khi gia cng cn lp t c nh phi vo bn hoc b gia cng;

- Khi lp, i dao nht thit phi ngt in ngun;

- Khng dng c o, cng c trn bn;

- Dng my trc khi dn vn ct bng chi lng;

- Trong trng hp gia cng phi c vn vng cn s dng knh bo h.

13. An ton khi lm vic vi my kh lng

My kh lng: l loi my c dng t lng, nng cao cht lng sn phm v trnh hin tng nhum tng phn do phm nhum b ho tan.


- Tn ti nguy him do h ga t nhin, ga ho lng, kh Propan;

- Trong qu trnh lau loi b lng tp, bi lng bay nhiu d gy ra hin tng chy, n.


- Thit b bo ng: Lun qun l, duy tr hot ng bnh thng ca thit b thm d ga.

- Thit b ng ngt: Khi thit b bo h ga bo ng, lp tc dng my, ng van cp ga nh h thng ng ngt t ng.

- Trc v sau khi lm vic, dng my ht bi chn khng ht cc bi bn bn cnh l t.

- S dng ton b h thng qut thng gi kh bi bay.

14. An ton khi lm vic vi my git quay

My git quay: l loi my c dng git sch cc cht bi bn, cht du... gip nhum d dng, lm co v u vi.


- Kt gia thng trong v thng ngoi thnh git: trong qu trnh a git vo hoc ly ra, khi ngi trng thi na trong, na ngoi thng git, thng trong quay lm ngi b kt.

- Tip xc vi nhit cao: do then cht b lng hoc m np ngoi thng khi cha kh ht p sut v nc nng trong thng git gy ra bng do nc nng trn ra hoc va p gia ngi v np thng.


- Tun th cc quy tc v an ton:

+ Nht thit phi kho cht khi a git vo hoc ly ra;

+ Tuyt i khng c iu khin cng tc khi ng thng trong c lp mt trc v sau my khi np ngoi thng m;

+ Tuyt i khng m np thng ngoi khi nhit v mc nc trong thng cha h ti mt gii hn quy nh.

- Lp t h thng an ton:

+ Lp t h thng chng t m np trong khi p sut trong thng t trng thi n nh m mc nc trong thng cha h xung vch di np ngoi thng;

+ Lp t h thng iu khin ph trnh khi ng m t thng trong khi np ngoi thng trng thi m;

+ Gn b cm ng (sensor) vo then kho m t khng th khi ng trong khi np ngoi thng m;

+ Gn cng tc iu kin my ch lm vic khi np ngoi thng c y cht.

15. An ton khi lm vic vi my vt ly tm

My vt ly tm: l loi my dng vt nc sau khi vi tri qua cc cng on git, v, nhum v thu gn (h).


- Mnh vn vng khi trc chnh, tay quay b v.

- git b vng, cun.

- in git.


- Kim tra trc khi lm vic:

+ Kim tra gi 3 gc phn thn my;

+ Kim tra chc nng lin h;

+ Kim tra chc nng lin kt gia mt gn np v cng tc kho t ng;

+ Kim tra vi trong thng c b dn v mt gc hay khng?

+ Kim tra trng thi ca thit b chng r in v trng thi tip mt.

- Kim tra trong khi lm vic:

+ Np khng th c m khi ngt in ngun m khng hm phanh hon ton;

+ Lp cng tc iu khin ngt in khi m np.

16. An ton khi lm vic vi my trng ph

My trng ph: l loi my c dng ph mt lp cht si hoc cao su tng hp ln b mt sn phm to bn, bng, mm, chng bo mn... gp phn nng cao cht lng sn phm.


- Mi trng nguy him do c cht kh gy chy: s c chy n d xy ra do cht kh toluene dng trong qu trnh trng ph l cht gy chy;

- S c chy n d pht sinh do in ma st: s c xy ra do dng in ma st pht sinh khi trc quay kim loi tip xc vi vi, si tng hp.


- Kim tra trc khi lm vic:

+ Kim tra phn dy tip mt c ni vi my;

+ Cho chy my phun hi m hoc phun nc, hi;

+ Xc nh v tr ca dng c phng chy.

- S dng thit b bo v nh o, giy bo h trnh in ma st;

- Khng s dng dng c lm bng kim loi;

- Cho chy thit b thng gi.

17. An ton khi s dng my hong (sy) vi

My hong: l loi my c hai trc, hai u c s dng cng vi theo kh nht nh v sy kh vi bng nhit.


- B kt trc cng vi:

+ Tai nn xy ra do ngi lao ng tip xc vi trc trong khi dn vi b cun, kt vo trc;

+ S c chy, n do kh thot ra t l t.


- Lp t vch ngn hoc tm che ngn tip xc vi phn d kt, ng thi lp v s dng cng tc dng khn cp;

- Lp t kho t ng lin kt vi phn np che xch truyn lc;

- Ch khng h, thot ga.

III- An ton in

1. c im ca cc tai nn do in gy ra

Thng thng cc tai nn in thng pht sinh do thn th ngi tip xc trc tip vi in hoc s c chy, n do in gy ra.

- phng tai nn in git:

+ Lp t thit b che, ph trnh l b phn np in;

+ Cch in tt phng h, mt in;

+ Phi tip mt phn v ca cc thit b, dng c in;

+ du hiu bo nguy him vo thit b in;

+ Khi lm vic gn b phn np in hoc gn dy cao p cn s dng thit b cch in.

- phng s c chy, n: s dng dng c, thit b trnh chy n khi lm vic khu vc c cht lng, cht kh d pht ho, d chy.

2. Tnh cht nguy him ca thit b v dng c in

a) Khi lm vic trong mi trng m t:

Trong khi b t hoc ra m hi, in tr ca c th ngi thng b gim nhiu so vi khi kh ro, do s c in git rt d xy ra khi s dng thit b, dng c in trong mi trng m t hoc khi ra m hi.

b) Cng vic c s dng dng c in di ng:

- Khi s dng dng c in di ng cn dng bc ng hoc ng dn trnh lm try lp v ca dy in; cn sp xp dy gn gng.

- Cn ni mt hoc ni v s dng thit b chng mt, r in.

c) Lm vic vi dng c c s dng ng c in:

Cn ngt ngun khi sa cha cc dng c c dng ng c in.

3. An ton in i vi ngi lao ng

in rt nguy him, do khi thit b in b hng khng c t sa cha m nht thit phi bo cho ngi c trch nhim.

a) Thit b chiu sng di ng:

- Khi s dng thit b chiu sng di ng, cn dng thit b mng li bo v bng ngn, trnhcc vt va p lm hng n;

- Cn dng tay nm cch in ko khi di chuyn thit b.

b) Cu ch:

Cn s dng cc loi cu ch ng tiu chun, trnh s dng dy ng hoc thp thay th; khi thay cu ch nht thit phi ngt in ngun.

c) cm:

Trc khi cm phch phi xem ngun in ca cm c thch hp khng v khi khng s dng, cm tay vo phch v rt.

d) Bo qun vt, cht nguy him:

phng s c chy, n xy ra do tia la in gy ra trong mi trng ga, khng cc cht kh, cht lng d chy khu vc c thit b in.

e) Cc quy tc an ton in:

- Ch c nhng ngi c chng ch chuyn mn mi c sa cha in;

- Khi pht hin hng hc cn bo cho ngi c trch nhim;

- Tay t khng c s vo thit b in;

- Tt c cc cng tc cn c np y;

- Khng phun hoc ri cht lng ln thit b in nh cng tc, m t, hm phn phi in;

- Kim tra nh k an ton ca dy dn in;

- Khng treo, mc vt ln dy dn in, dng c in;

- Khng cho dy chy vt qua gc sc hoc my c cnh sc, nhn;

- Khng ni nhiu nhnh vi dy ng trc.

4. My h quang dng in xoay chiu


- S c in git do tip xc vi phn np in tay cm iu khin;

- S c in git do dy cp tip xc vi thn th;

- Tia t ngoi, tia cc tm lm tn thng mt.

b) Cc im lu khi lm vic vi my hn:

- Kim tra hot ng ca thit b h in p t ng;

- Thit b h in p t ng dng h in p khng ti ca my hn xung di 25 V khi ngt ngun h quang;

- X l cch in u thuc phn ph ca my hn;

- Tay cm iu khin phi c cch in;

- Cn tip mt cho v ngoi ca my hn.

c) Cc quy tc v an ton khi vn hnh ca my hn:

- Khng s dng gng tay, trang phc bo h, giy b t khi hn;

- Khi khng s dng my, tt in v sp xp gn dy;

- Khi dng my phi ngt in ngun;

- Khng t que hn vo v tr tay cm iu khin c in;

- S dng tay cm iu khin c phn v cch in cn tt;

- S dng cc dng c bo v nh gng tay, mt n hn khi lm vic;

- u ca dy mt phi c ni vi thn ca thanh g;

- Trc khi hn xem trong thng, bnh c cha cht gy chy khng;

- Chun b thit b cu ho ni lm vic trc khi hn.

IV. An ton ho cht

1. Hin tng chy

thc hin phn ng chy phi c ba yu t: cht t, xy v la mi. Phn ng s khng c thc hin nu thiu mt trong ba yu t trn.

a) Cht t: L loi vt cht b t chy do nhit pht ra khi phn ng vi xy.

b) xy (khng kh): Thng thng kh xy dng trong qu trnh chy ly t khng kh.

c) La mi: L nhin liu cn dng t, thng thng l vt nh la, tia la in, nhit ma st, c xt, va p.

2. im dn la v im pht ho

a) im dn la: Khi h nng cc cht d chy nh xng, cn trn b mt cht lng ny xut hin hi; lc ny im dn la l vng c nhit thp nht dn la bn vo phn hi trn b mt cht lng.

b) im pht ho: L im c nhit thp nht pht ho do nhit ca bn thn cht d chy khi n c t trong khng kh.

3. Cc loi v cht ca cc cht nguy him

a) Cht gy n: L cc cht dng lng hoc dng c c, d gy ra phn ng mnh hoc n khi b nng, ma st, va p hoc tip xc vi cc cht ho hc khc... ngay c khi khng c kh xy. V d: etxte nitrt (eisteinium nitrate), ni t tng hp, hp cht h ni t, cht hu c cha xy...

- Cc im cn lu khi s dng:

+ Ch khng gn la; trnh ma st, va p;

+ Thng hiu tnh cht nguy him ca tng loi v bo qun ring.

b) Cht pht ho: L cc cht t pht ho khi nhit tng, khi tip xc vi nc v pht ra kh d chy; c th dng c c, d chy nh lu hunh, cht h lu hunh, bt kim loi, magnesium (Mg) hoc dng hp cht t nhin nh: calcium (Ca), natrium hoc cc cht hn hp nh: xc tc kim loi, hn hp hu c kim loi.


+ Bo qun ni lnh, trnh gn ngun nhit hoc la;

+ phng chy, n do tip xc vi nc nn bo qun tng lng nh natri kim loi kalium trong du;

+ Cht xc tc kim loi v hn hp hu c kim loi d pht ho khi tip xc vi khng kh, nn khi s dng ln u cn tham kho kin ca ngi c kinh nghim.

c) Cc cht gy xy ho: L cc cht b phn hu hay to phn ng mnh khi t nng, b va p hay khi tip xc vi cc cht ho hc khc. V d nh: axt kim, cht h kim, cht ty chahyr, hp cht xy ho v c, axt nitric.

- Cc im lu khi s dng:

+ xa ngun nhit, la;

+ Ch khi trn ln vi cht kh xy hoc cht hu c gy ra phn ng xy ho v pht nhit.

d) Cht dn la: Cc cht lng c im pht ho di 65oC trong mi trng khng kh. V d: xng, toluene, du t, du diesel.


+ , bo qun cch xa ni pht nhit, la v ni c nhit thp hn im dn ho;

+ y np thng chng chy, ri vi;

+ Bo qun ni thng gi v khng c in, ma st.

e) Kh d chy: L loi kh nng gii hn n ti thiu di 10% hoc c s chnh lch 20% tr ln gia gii hn ti thiu v ti a. V d: hyro, tilen, mtan, tan, propane, butan;


+ Khng c va chm, t nng bnh cha;

+ Phi c h thng thng gi tt khi s dng trong nh;

+ Bo qun bnh ga ni rm mt, thng gi.

f) Cc cht mang tnh phn hu: L cc cht d dng lm phn hu kim loi, khi tip xc vi thn th ngi d gy ra bng nng. V d: axt cloric, -sulfuric, -nitric, -pht pho, hydrofluoroic.


+ S dng mt n bo v khi tip xc vi axt;

+ Ch khng tip xc vi nc.

4. Ho hon v cu ho

a) Dp la bng cch di chuyn ngun lan rng:

Di chuyn cc cht d chy i ch khc ngn chn ngn la lan rng; lm gim nng ca chtlng d chy hn ch kh bc hi.

b) Dp la bng cch kh xy: Phun kh cc-bon-nic (CO2) ct ngun kh xy.

c) Dp la bng cch lm lnh: Phun nhiu nc vo vt ang chy lm h nhit , dp la.

5. An ton trong kho cha ho cht

a) Cc yu t nguy him trong kho cha ho cht:

- Nng cht c cao;

- D chy n;

- Ho cht ri, bn trong khi rt, .

b) Cc bin php an ton:

- Ho cht trong kho phi c dn nhn, sp xp hp l, gn gng, d phn bit khi c nhiu loi;

- Trc khi vo kho phi thng gi;

- Nu nng cht c cao th ngi lao ng phi c trang b phng tin bo v c nhn, mt n phng c;

- Phi c quy trnh cho vic sang hoc rt ho cht;

- Ho cht ri vi phi c thm bng ct kh.

6. An ton khi m

- Chiu cao b m tnh t sn khng thp hn 1m, nu thp hn phi c ro chn;

- Mc dung dch trong b m crm phi thp hn ming b t nht 0,15m;

- Khng nhng tay vo b m ly chi tit;

- Phi ngt in khi ly chi tit ra khi b m;

- B phn m c s dng a-xit phi c sn ct v dung dch soda 2% x l a-xit ri vi;

- Thanh dn in, mc treo gi phi c lm sch bng phng php t, khng c lm sch cc b phn bng phng php kh;

- C b phn ht kh bc ra t b m;

- Sn cng tc phi kh ro.

7. An ton khi sn

- B phn sn phi c cch ly;

- Cng vic sn phi c tin hnh bung ring;

- Thng gi cc b v x l bi sn.

8. S dng bnh kh nn

a) Vn chuyn:

- Khi vn chuyn, nht thit phi y np bnh;

- S dng thit b vn chuyn (xe y) khi di chuyn;

- Khng , ko... gy va chm khi di chuyn;

- Khi vn chuyn bng xe ti, dng dy buc trnh , ri.

b) Bo qun:

- Bo qun bnh kh nn v tr nht nh;

- Ni bo qun phi thong, thng gi tt v khng b nng ri trc tip;

- Duy tr nhit ni bo qun di 40oC;

- Buc cc bnh li vi nhau trnh ri, , khng bo qun chung cng bnh cha xy;

- Bo qun ni c t thit b bo ng h ga;

- Trong khu vc bo qun ga c nn s dng cc cht hp th, cht trung ho v dng my h hp, mt n phng c ph hp vi loi ga;

- B tr thit b cha chy thch hp; khng ht thuc v s dng la trong khu vc bo qun.

V- An ton xy dng

1. Lm vic trn gin gio

a) Gin gio: L kt cu c lp v dng ngi lao ng c th tip cn c vi cng vic khi lm vic trn cao.

b) Tai nn do gin gio gy ra:

- Gin gio b , gy;

- B ri, ng t gin gio.

c) Cc quy tc v an ton khi dng gin gio:

-Lm vic trn gin gio.

+ Leo ln gin bng ng i, bc thang nh sn;

+ Khng t d lan can, tay vn nhnh;

+ Khng t di chuyn tm lt nn gin gio;

+ Khng lm vic khi thi tit xu, bo, ma ln;

+ S dng li v dy an ton khi lm vic trn cao;

+ Khi lm vic ng thi c trn - di phi phi hp ng thi gia ngi trn v ngi di;

+ Khi a dng c, vt liu, cng c ln xung phi dng ti;

+ Phi cch in v bo h tt khi lm gn ng in;

+ Khng vt liu ngang li i.

- S dng thang di ng

+ S dng bnh xe c gn phanh;

+ S dng thit b nng ln gin gio;

+ Khng s dng ni khng bng phng;

+ Khng dch chuyn thang khi c ngi trn;

+ Khng mang vt theo ln gin gio;

+ Khng t tho d lan can;

+ Khng t ngi vo gin gio khi lm vic.

2. Li i tm thi

- i theo ng nh;

- Khng chy khi qua li i tm thi tr trng hp khn cp;

- Ch i theo ng c nh khi ng khi trn ng c t vt k;

- M ca ra vo t t trnh va chm vi ngi i ngc chiu.

3. Thang di ng

- Lp t u thang nh ra khong 1m so vi cnh trn ca tng da;

- Khng c lay ng gc v ngn thang;

- Khng da thang vo tng d v;

- Khi t thang gn ca ra vo nn b tr ngi quan st;

- Khng s dng thang bng kim loi ni c thit b in;

- Khng c lch thn ngi ra khi thang.

4. H o

- Ch trnh ri, ng xung h khi lm vic gn ming h;

- Khng t tho di lan can, np y;

- Nu tho b lan can do ch th ca ngi c trch nhim, sau khi hon thnh cng vic phi lp li nh ban u;

- S dng tht lng an ton khi ko vt ln khi h;

- Khng nm bt c th g xung h.

5. S dng tht lng an ton

a) Cc cng vic cn s dng tht lng an ton:

- Lp t gin gio, ct thp; lp, d, di chuyn khun;

- Lm vic bn ming h, ko vt t h ln;

- Ph t trn trin dc, lm vic p, vch t.

b) Ch khi s dng tht lng an ton:

- Kim tra trc khi s dng;

- C th dng ngay c khi lm vic cao di 2m;

- Tht dy tht lng.

6. Lp t v vn chuyn dy thp

a) Vn chuyn dy thp:

- Khi vn chuyn dy thp di, chia mi nhm hai ngi vc thp trn vai;

- Buc cht hai u trc khi vn chuyn;

- Gii hn mi ngi, mi ln vn chuyn 25kg;

- Khi h xung, khng nm m h t t;

- Khi lm vic tp th phi thng nht tn hiu lm vic.

b) Vn chuyn bng my mc:

- Khi buc cun thp, lun lun buc 2 vng;

- Khi mun thm dy thp vo cun, nn k ln thng, hm trnh tut si;

- Khng cho ngi ra vo khu vc khi a thp ln cao;

- Khi a thp ln, xung b tr ngi ra hiu v lm theo tn hiu.

c) Lp t dy thp:

- Kim tra trnh t trc khi lm;

- Kim tra dng c s dng trong ngy trc khi lm vic;

- Kim tra an ton ca li i, ni t;

- Khi lm vic cao trn 2m phi s dng tht lng an ton.

7. Phun b tng

a) Cc quy nh cn tun th khi thc hin phun b tng:

- Kim tra trng thi phn ni ca ng bm b tng;

- Khng phn u ng bm vng qua li;

- Khi lp ng ng bm, kim tra xung quanh, tht dy an ton trc khi lm vic;

- Thng nht tn hiu gia ngi iu khin my v ngi ng u ng bm;

- S dng tht lng an ton khi rp ng ng.

b) Dng xe y phun b tng:

- Phn bit r ng dnh ring cho xe y;

- Khi phun b tng t xe, gi tc n nh trnh b lt, b ;

- S dng dy c v cao su lm dy dn in cho my rung; kim tra cn thn trng thi tip mt;

- Khi xong vic, lm sch s b tng xe, gu xc, thit b vn chuyn v bo qun ni quy nh.

c) Dng xe bm phun b tng:

- Ch li xe mi c quyn iu khin tay chnh bm;

- Rp chc chn hai u ng cp v ch khng nn ng thot i qua li i hoc gn ni thi cng;

- Khi lm sch khng kh nht thit phi tho ng mm (ng n hi);

- Ch v hn ch nguy him do kt phn ng cong.

8. Di chuyn thit b

a) H thng nng: L h thng dng ng c nng v h gi theo rnh nh hng vn chuyn hng.

- Cc thit b bo h:

+ B phn chng qun qu (dng c kh, dng in);

+ B phn kho t ng cng vo;

+ B phn chng qu ti;

+ B phn chng ri;

+ B phn dng khn cp;

+ B phn m trnh va p.

* Quy tc an ton lao ng

- Kim tra trng thi cht hng, khng vt qu trng lng;

- ng ca chc chn, ci dy ko an ton, cn thn trc khi chy;

- iu khin sau khi trao i tn hiu trn - di;

- Khi c trc trc, cn tt my v bo ngay cho ngi c trch nhim.

- Ch c ngi c ch nh mi c quyn iu khin my.

b) Ti, cu: L loi my dng ng c ko ln xung v di chuyn phi tri thit b (vt) nng.

- Thit b phng h:

+ B phn chng qu ti;

+ B phn chng qun qu;

+ B phn tho dy mc;

+ B phn dng khn cp.


- Tuyt i khng ngi leo ln cu, ti;

- Khng cht hng vt qu trng ti tiu chun;

- Ch c mt ngi ra hiu, tn hiu phi r rng, dt khot;

- Dy ti chu va p km; khng nn qun qua loa a ln hay h xung;

- Khng buc v ko vt ln khi dy ti, trc ti b lng, thng;

- Trc khi ra hiu cho ko vt, cn kim tra xem mc c mc vo gia vt cha;

- Khng cho ngi qua li trong khu vc lm vic; khng vt pha trn u ngi ang lm vic hoc pha trn li i;

- Khi c s c xy ra lp tc dng my v thng bo n cc phng ban lin quan.

- Ngoi ngi c ch nh ra khng ai c iu khin my.

c) Xe nng:

- Khng ai c iu khin xe ngoi nhng ngi c ch nh v c bng li;

- Khng i ln tay nng ca xe;

- Khi c s c xy ra phi bo ngay cho ngi gim st;

- Theo nguyn tc, mt bng lm vic phi c gi phng;

- Tt my khi ri bung li;

- Khng tin li gn khi xe nng ang lm vic.

Phn III: V sinh lao ng

1. Thiu xy

a) Thiu xy:

Thng thng trong khng kh xy chim 21%, ni t chim 78%, cn li l cc cht khc nh dioxt ccbon, kh hlium... Trng thi thiu khng kh xy ra khi nng xy h xung di 18%.

b) Tn hi sc kho do thiu xy:

- Ngi cm thy thiu xy khi nng xy khong 16%, cm gic kh th cng tng khi nng xy h thp xung di 16%; Nng xy di 10% c th gy t vong. Mi trng thiu xy trm trng, di 6% ngi c th cht ngay do ngng tim, ngng th.

- Mi trng lm vic c nng xy thp s lm gim sc lao ng, lm ngi ri, ng do chng mt, chn tay khng c ng hoc b cht ngt.

c) Cc bin php phng:

- Trong khng gian kn, trc khi lm vic cn kim tra nng kh c;

- Trc khi lm, chy my thng gi duy tr nng xy trn 18%;

- S dng dng c bo v h hp nh: my h hp khng kh ( xy), mt n dng kh;

- Lp t, s dng thit b thot him;

- T chc gio dc cc quy tc v an ton khi lm vic mi trng thiu dng kh;

- Ngi ph trch an ton lao ng thng xuyn kim tra, gim st cng vic.

2. Suy gim thnh gic do n

a) Tnh cht nguy him ca ting n:

Lm vic thi gian di trong khu vc c ting n, khong 85 dB(A) tr ln, s b tn thng thnh gic vnh vin; s mt mi, cng thng v stress tc ng thm vo cng lm gim nng sut lao ng.

b) Bin php phng nga:

- Lp t tng cch m ni lm vic;

- Lp t l xo, cao su chng rung my, b phn pht ra ting n;

- Lp t thit b ht m ngn chn truyn m;

- Hn ch thi gian pht ra ting n;

- S dng nt l tai, bt tai thch hp;

- Hn ch thi gian lm vic trong mi trng c ting n;

- Kim tra thnh gic nh k.

c) Cc im cn lu :

S dng nt tai v bt tai cng lc c th em li hiu qu bo v thnh gic cao nhng ng thi lm cn tr vic nghe chung bo ng, cn tr duy tr i thoi cn thit vi ng nghip; do cn lp h thng tn hiu bng tay phng khi s c xy ra.

3. Lm vic nhit cao

a) Lm vic nhit cao:

Thng thng nhng ni c nhit n nh tuyt i ln hn 28oC c gi l ni lm vic c nhit cao. V d nhng ni sau:

- Khu vc luyn, tinh ch gang nh l nung qung, l h, l xoay hoc l nung in;

- Khu vc nu chy qung, thu tinh, kim loi nh thng nu, vc nu...

- Khu vc t, nung thu tinh, kim loi, qung nh l luyn, l phn hu;

- Khu vc nung gm, s;

- Khu vc gia cng vn chuyn, khun, cn p kim loi nng chy;

- Khu vc vn chuyn, rt kim loi nng chy;

- Khu vc to hnh cho thu tinh t thu tinh nng chy;

- Khu vc gia cng cao su.

b) Tc hi i vi sc kho:

- Gy co git:

+ Chng ny pht sinh do lm vic qu lu trong mi trng nhit cao lm ngi ra nhiu mhi, thiu mui;

+ Co git cng vi chng au c tay chn, au thn di, i tiu nng.

- Mt mi: Cm gic mt mi, chng mt, bun nn, au c do thiu nc dn ti gim lng ng trong mu.

- Bt tnh: Hi chng chng mt, bt tnh do thiu xy trong no, tn thng huyt qun.

- M man:

+ Tn thng c quan iu chnh nhit c th do lm vic mi trng m c nhit cao;

+ Nhit c th tng, hn m do chng au u, bun nn.

c) Bin php phng:

- Thc hin rt ngn thi gian lao ng, t chc lao ng theo ca, bi dng vitamine, cht mui;

- B tr thi gi ngh ngi, gii lao thch hp;

- Mc o mng hoc o trng dy; ni lm vic c nhit hp th cao nn eo mt n chng nhit hoc o chng nhit;

- Trong mi trng c nhit to ra nhiu nn lp t h thng thng kh thch hp nh ng dn kh nng thot ln cao.

d) Cc nguyn tc cn thc hin khi lm vic:

- Bc cch nhit thit b c nhit cao;

- Ci thin h thng thng gi:

+ H thng thng gi thng: lung khng kh mt t ngoi vo tip xc vi ngi trc khi b lm nng.

+ Lp t h thng ht kh nng pha trn vt nng.

- Dng my lnh: c hiu qu trong khng gian hp;

- Ngn nhit: t vt ngn nhit vo gia thn v o bo h;

- Dng o chng nhit, thng gi khi lm vic vi vt nng hoc trong mi trng m c nhit cao.

4. Cc cht dung mi

a) Tc hi ca cc cht dung mi:

- Cc cht dung mi dng ch to, pha ch cc cht bo v hoc s dng lau ra, in kim loi... cc cht ny thng qua c quan h hp, da, c quan tiu ho hp th vo c th ngi s

gy ra tn thng cp hoc mn tnh cho h tun hon mu, thn kinh trung ng, gan, thn, mt;

- Cc cht nhim c cp tnh v nh hng vi c th ngi.

Phn loi Tn cht Gy nh hng

Hydrocarbon mi Benzen, Toluen,Gcylen Gy c cp tnh

Hydrocarbon bo Aclyn amai, normalhexan... T lit thn kinh

Hydrocarbonhelogen

TCE, DMF, Bromopropane2...

T lit thn kinh trung ng, gan, thn

H cn Metanol, cn-propin2,putin2,..Gy tn thng thn kinh, mt

H Clicon Clicon etilen, metilete1...Gy tn thng b my sinh dc

H ete Etiete, isopropin ete... Gy m

H etxte Nitric acid metil, etil...Tc ng n ng h hp trn

H aldehit Acrorein, Formaldehit...Gy nh hng hhp

Hn hp ca nit, carbon Nit, kh axt carbon...Gy tc th.

* Th t xp loi cc cht ho hc gy c cp tnh h thn kinh trung ng: Hydro carbon halogen > ete > cn > cc cht hydro carbon khc.

b) Cc bin php phng nga nhim c:

- Lp ng thot kh v qut thng gi ni s dng cht dung mi;

- Khi b bn dung mi vo mt, lp tc ra sch bng nc chy t vi v i gp bc s nhn khoa;

- Ngi s dng phi tm hiu k cc k hiu cnh bo, ch trc khi s dng;

- Dng o bo h trnh thm nhp ngn dung mi tip xc vi da;

- Nn dng dng c bo h nh mt n phng c khi tip xc vi dung mi khi khng c np ngn bc hi hoc khng lp ng thot kh;

- nh k o nng kh dung mi ni lm vic, bn cha, gu cha...

- Khi lm vic ni c cha dung mi, khng c n, ung ru hoc s dng la.

c) Cc quy nh cn tun th:

- S dng ng thot kh v h thng thng gi ton khu vc;

- S dng thit b bo h khi s dng dung mi.

5. Bi

a) Tc hi: Bi bay thng qua c quan h hp thm nhp vo phi, gy ra phn ng vi phi lm x phi v gy ra cc bnh khc cho c th.

b) Cc bin php phng nga:

- Cc bin php hn ch bi bay:

+ Lm gim bi bay bng cch thay i quy trnh sn xut, ci tin mi trng lm vic;

+ T ng ho dy chuyn sn xut, ci tin thit b;

+ Che ph cc ni sinh bi, s dng ng thot kh v to mi trng m trnh bi bay.

- Cc bin php bo v ngi lao ng:

+ Gim thi gi lm vic, cch ly ngun gy bi;

+ S dng thit b bo h c nhn nh mng chng bi.

c) Cc quy nh cn tun th:

- S dng ng thot kh;

- S dng mng chng bi khi lm vic.

6. Rung

a) Tnh nguy him ca rung (chn ng):

- Rung ton thn

Thng tt do rung ton thn thng xy ra i vi nhng ngi lm vic trn phng tin giao thng, my hi nc, my nghin... Chn ng lm co h thng huyt mch, tng huyt p v nhp p tim. Tu theo c tnh chn ng to ra thay i tng vng, tng b phn trn c th ngi.

- Chn ng tng b phn.

Rung tng b phn c nh hng nh stress cc b xut hin tay, ngn tay khi lm vic vi ca my, ba my, my nh bng. Rung gy ra chng bt tay, mt cm gic, ngoi ra gy thng tn huyt qun, thn kinh, khp xng, c bp, xc gic v lan rng, thm nhp vo h thng thn kinh trung ng, h tun hon ni tit.

b) Cc bin php phng nga:

- Bin php kh ngun gy rung

Dng l xo, cao su c m kh rung khi lm vic vi my p, my cn kim loi. X l rung bng cch sn hoc dnh cht v, chn... l cc b phn gy rung ca my.

- Bin php chng truyn rung

+ Gim ti a rung, cch ly ngun gy rung, thay i v tr ng trnh ng truyn rung, cch ly, kh rung mt bn....

+ Lm gim rung bng cch s dng vt liu chng rung nh: cao su m, bc, l xo, khng kh....

c) Cc im cn lu khi lm vic:

- Co gin nh tay, chn, vai, lng... trc v sau khi lm vic;

- Trong mi trng lnh cn si m trc khi lm;

- S dng giy, ng, gng tay chng rung.


- S dng dng c cm tay khng truyn rung;

- Dng my thay th khi lm vic vi dng c rung;

- Luyn tp nhiu ln trnh nm qu cht vo tay cm ca dng c;

- Khi nhit ni lm vic h di 14oC cn c bin php si m;

- Rt ngn thi gian lm vic xung di 10 pht/mt ln, rt bt thi gian lm vic tng th;

- Lm gim s truyn rung bng cch s dng gng tay chng rung;

- Nhng ngi s dng dng c nn i kim tra sc kho nh k.

7. Kim loi nng

a) Tnh nguy him ca kim loi nng:

Kim loi nng l kim loi c trng lng ring t 4 - 5 tr ln, thng thng l ch, crm... Cc kim loi ny thng c s dng rng ri; c ngun gc a dng tu theo c tnh ca kim loi.

- Ch (Pb)

+ Nhim c cp tnh: lm vic trong mi trng c nhiu bi, khi ch d b mc chng bing n, bun nn, au u, to bn;

+ Nhim c mn tnh: thi k u xut hin chng au u, bing n, mt mi, co git, to bn, xut hin nhiu im t mu, thiu mu, nng coproporphyrin tng trong nc tiu. Thik sau xut hin chng thiu mu, t lit thn kinh tay, chn, tn thng thn kinh trung ng. Nu tnh trng ny ko di s dn n gim tp trung, gim tr nh, co git, nng tai, mt tr, m man v c th gy t vong.

- Crm (Cr6+, Cr3+)

+ Nhim c cp tnh: tn thng thn, i tiu ra mu, mt tiu, tnh c dn n t vong; ngoi ra cn gy vim phi, vim da, lot da;

+ Nhim c mn tnh: gy ra chng bing n, bun nn. c bit n c th gy lot da tay. Hp th crm trong thi gian di gy ra vim kh qun, vim phi v c nguy c b ung th phi.

- Thu ngn (Ag)

+ Cc du hiu ca nhim c thu ngn v c thng l: vim ng h hp, vim kh qun, vim phi v vim thn; khi b mn tnh c th dn ti vim khoang hng, bt n thn kinh, i ng;

+ Cc du hiu ca nhim c thu ngn hu c thng lin quan n h thn kinh trung ng gy mt mi, gim tr nh, gim tp trung, t lit ngn tay, chn, nh hng ti kh nng i li, ni chuyn...

- Cadium (Cd)

Cadium thng qua hng, c quan h hp tch t li v di chuyn ti gan, thn ngn hot ng camen tiu ho; khi thm nhp thng qua ng h hp gy vim phi mn tnh, kh th, tc ngc.

- Mng gan (Mn)

Trng thi ban u thng l mt mi, bing n, au u, nng rut v di chng pakisonism nh:mt kh nng i, ni, thiu vn ng, co git, tn thng cc c mt.

b) Bin php phng nga:

- Trong khu vc c kim loi nng nn dng ng ht kh dn cht c ra b phn x l bn ngoi trc khi tip xc vi ngi;

- Nn dng vt liu chng thm tri sn c th d dng lau sch khi b rt vi;

- Cch ly ngun cha vi ngi, trnh h cht c;

- Bt cht hoc ph kn ngun cha trnh cht c pht sinh;

- Khi tuyn ngi nn kim tra sc kho v trong qu trnh lm vic t chc kim tra sc kho nh k, pht hin sm cc triu chng bnh;

- Qun l v sinh c nhn cht ch, gim kh nng cht c thm nhp qua da, ming;

- S dng y cc dng c bo h (mt n, o phng c).

c) Cc quy tc cn tun th khi lm vic:

- Lm vic ni c lp ng thot kh;

- Trc khi lm vic phi c cc ch , cnh bo;

- Dng qun o chng xm nhp phng cht c thm vo thn th; lun gi sch qun, o bo h, tt, gng tay....

- Hn ch n ung, ht thuc ni lm vic;

- Nhng ngi hay tip xc vi kim loi nng phi c i khm sc kho nh k t nht mt ln trong 6 thng; da vo kt qu kim tra v li khuyn, bc s nn c cc bin php ci thin thch hp nh: thay i cng vic...

Phn IV : Trang b phng tin bo v c nhnv phng php s cu ti ni lm vic

I-Phng tin bo v c nhn

1. Phn loiphng tin bo v c nhn trong lao ng

Ngun gy c Loi phng tin

Kh, khi, bi bay

- Phng tin bo v ng h hp (mt n phng c, chng bi, dng kh, my to kh, hhp);

- Gng tay, ng, qun o bo h.

Nhit Mng (o) cch nhit; mng (o) chu nhit.

Axt lng... M, gng tay, knh, ng, o (kem) bo h.

Tia c hi Knh bo h.

Ting n Nt bt l tai, bt tai.

Chn ng (rung) Gng chng rung.

Thiu xy My h hp khng kh ( xy, mt n dng kh).

2. Tc dng ca phng tin bo v c nhn trong lao ng

- M bo h: C nhiu loi v l phng tin ngn nga nguy him pht sinh do vt ri, vng; bo v khi b ng, phng chng in git, phng chng cun tc vo my.

- Tht lng an ton: L phng tin ngn nga nguy him do ri, t khi lm vic trn cao.

- Giy an ton: L phng tin bo v chn, ngn chn trnh khi vt ri, va p, vt sc ng thi ngn nga in ma st, h in.

- Knh bo h: L phng tin ngn nga tn thng cho mt do vt vng, bn, do cht c, tia c hi gy ra.

- Gng tay an ton: C nhiu loi v l phng tin bo v ngi lao ng trnh khi cc tia la pht ra trong khi hn, l phng tin chng in git, chng rung, chng thm nc, chng n mn i vi da tay...

- Mt n bo h: L phng tin bo v mt v mt trnh khi nguy him do tia la hn, vt sc, hoc cc tia c hi.

- Mt n chng bi: L phng tin bo v trnh bi thng qua ng h hp thm nhp vo c th.

- Mt n phng c: L phng tin bo v chng s thm nhp ca kh c, hi c... vo c th ngi.

- Nt l tai v bt tai: L phng tin bo v tai, thnh gic chng li ting n.

- Mt n dng kh: L phng tin ngn nga nguy him do thiu xy.

- o chng nhit: L phng tin phng nga bng, tng thn nhit trong mi trng nng.

3. Cc quy tc la chn, s dng phng tin bo v c nhn trong lao ng

- Chn v s dng dng c bo h lao ng thch hp vi cng vic;

- Lun bo qun d s dng v gi gn sch s;

- Chun b phng tin bo v c nhn (trnh ly bnh truyn nhim);

- a vic s dng phng tin bo v c nhn tr thnh n np sinh hot.

II- Cc phng php s cu khn cp

1. Phng php s cu khn cp

L phng php cp cu tm thi ban u nhm cu h sinh mnh v trnh tai bin khi ngi lao ng b nhim c hoc b tai nn m cha c s chm sc ca bc s.

2. Nguyn tc ng cu khn cp

- Kim tra hin trng:

+ Khi c s c xy ra, trc ht kim tra xem c nhng nguy him do dy in b t, ho cht c, vt ri... hay khng;

+ Kim tra xem nn nhn c b chy mu, gy xng, nn hay khng;

+ Kim tra xem nn nhn c cn tnh to, cn th, mch cn p hay khng.

3. Cc tai nn v phng php s cu

- Ra mu nhiu

Hin tng ra mu nhiu lm gim lng mu lu thng trong mch v lm gim lng xy trong cc c quan ca c th v gy ra hin tng sc do thiu mu; do trc tin cn cm mu cho nn nhn.

(1)- Dng bng hoc gc sch.

(2)- Nng tay hoc chn b thng cao hn so vi tim.

(3)- Dng bng buc cht vt thng, ch khng buc qu cht.

* Khi s dng phng php cm mu trc tip khng c hiu qu th nn s dng np cm mu.

- t: vt thng do dao... vt sc, nhn gy ra

Dng khn tay, gc gi gt vt thng mt lc cm mu.

(1)- Khi vt thng b bn do t hoc du, cn ra sch bng x phng v nc sch.

(2)- Dng thuc st trng lm sch vt thng; t gc v cun cht bng bng cm mu.

- Bng do nhit

Mc nghim trng tu thuc vo vng b bng, mc bng, vng xung quanh;

mc ph hu tu thuc vo nhit v thi gian tip xc.

(1)- Lm mt xung quanh vt bng bng nc lnh, .

B bng khi ang mc qun o th khng ci qun o m lm lnh trn qun o sau dng gc bng vt thng.

Vic bng b vt thng lm gim bin chng, chng nhim trng v gim au.

(2)- nguyn khng cy bng nc, khng thoa kem, du bi ln vt thng.

* Trong trng hp vng b bng chim trn 30% c th cn chuyn ngay nn nhn i bnh vin.

- Bng do ho cht

L s ph hu da, nim mc ca cc cht ho hc nh a xt, kim... Mc thng tt ph thuc vo nng , lng, thi gian tip xc, nhit .

(1)- Ra nhiu bng nc ang chy. Tuy nhin cn ch nhit pht sinh do phn ng vi nc ca hydrogen fluoride, pht pho, magnesium natrium, hp kim calcium.

- Khi b bn vo mt:

Cc cht ho hc bn vo mt rt nguy him v c th dn n m; nu c th, ra mt k bng nc sch v cho ngi b nn i bc s nhn khoa.

- Khi ung nhm phi cht ho hc:

Cc cht ho hc gy bng da v c th gy tn thng cho nim mc ca b my tiu ho. Khi ung nhm a xt th ung tht nhiu nc th ht cht c; khi ung nhm kim th ung dm, sa hoc nc th ht cht c.

- in git

(1)- Trc ht ct in ngun. Trong trng hp khng ngt c in ngun th dng gng tay cao su, ng cao su, tt vi kh hoc ng ln vn g kh v dng dngc cch in nh gy g tch nn nhn ra khi dy in.

(2)- Sau khi cch ly, a nn nhn vo ni yn tnh nn nhn ngi v kim tra tnh to.

(3)- Khi nn nhn b m man, kim tra mch p v h hp, nu nn nhn khng cn th th lm h hp nhn to, khi mch p dng th kt hp h hp v p tim ngoi lng ngc.

(4)- Khi nn nhn cn tnh to, nn nhn ngi ngh trng thi thoi mi.

* C nhng trng hp in git lm bng cc b phn bn trong c th mc d nn nhn c v cn tnh to. Nhng cn phi c chn on ca bc s.

- Gy xng

Cn g np phng xng gy m vo mch mu hoc dy thn kinh; np ny lm gim au, gip nn nhn thun tin khi i li v chuyn ch nn nhn.

(1)- Trc ht phi iu tr vt thng; khi c mu ra phi cm mu. Khi c mnh xng vn nh ra, cn kh trng cho vt thng, ming gc dy, sch ln vt thng v dng bng n hi bng cm mu; trnh dng dy v bng thng buc.

(2)- Ly ming m hoc giy m lm np v cun nh c nh. Nu c khe h th dng khn mi xoa chn. iu quan trng l np phi chc, di; thng thng nn b c hai khp xng km vng b gy.

* Cc cch bng b vt thng theo tng b phn ca c th:

Xng tay trn

Xng cng tay

Ngn tay

Xng bp i

Phn V: Nhng vn cn bit v vic t chc thc hin cng tc an ton v sinh lao ngtrong doanh nghip

I- Hng dn vic phn nh trch nhim qun l an ton - v sinh lao ng ca cn b qun l v cc b phn chuyn mn trong doanh nghip

(Ph lc s 01- Km theo Thng t Lin tch s 14/1998/TTLT-BLTB&XH-BYT-TLLVN ngy 31 thng 10 nm 1998 ca B Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi, B Y t v Tng Lin on Lao ng Vit Nam)

1. Qun c phn xng hoc cc b phn tng ng (sau y gi chung l qun c phn xng) c trch nhim:

- T chc hun luyn, km cp, hng dn i vi lao ng mi tuyn dng hoc mi c chuyn n lm vic ti phn xng v bin php lm vic an ton khi giao vic cho h.

- B tr ngi lao ng lm vic ng ngh c o to, c hun luyn v qua st hch kin thc an ton v sinh lao ng t yu cu;

- Khng ngi lao ng lm vic nu h khng thc hin cc bin php m bo an ton, v sinh lao ng, khng s dng y trang b phng tin lm vic an ton, trang b phng tin bo v c nhn c cp pht;

- Thc hin v kim tra n c cc t trng sn xut v mi ngi lao ng thuc quyn qun l thc hin tiu chun, quy phm, quy trnh, bin php lm vic an ton v cc quy nh v bo h lao ng;

- T chc thc hin y cc ni dung k hoch bo h lao ng, x l kp thi cc thiu st qua kim tra, cc kin ngh ca cc t sn xut, cc on thanh tra, kim tra c lin quan n trch nhim ca phn xng v bo co vi cp trn nhng vn ngoi kh nng gii quyt caphn xng;

- Thc hin khai bo, iu tra tai nn lao ng xy ra trong phn xng theo quy nh ca Nh nc v phn cp ca doanh nghip;

- Phi hp vi Ch tch cng on b phn nh k t chc t kim tra v bo h lao ng nv, to iu kin mng li an ton, v sinh vin trong phn xng hot ng c hiu qu;

Qun c phn xng c quyn t chi nhn ngi lao ng khng trnh v nh ch cng vic i vi ngi lao ng ti vi phm cc quy nh m bo an ton, v sinh lao ng, phng chng chy n.

2. T trng sn xut (hoc chc v tng ng) c trch nhim:

- Hng dn v thng xuyn kim tra n c ngi lao ng thuc quyn qun l chp hnh ng quy trnh, bin php lm vic an ton; qun l s dng tt cc trang b, phng tin bo v c nhn, trang b phng tin k thut an ton v cp cu y t;

- T chc ni lm vic bo m an ton v v sinh; kt hp vi an ton v sinh vin ca t thc hin tt vic t kim tra pht hin v x l kp thi cc nguy c e do n an ton v sc kho pht sinh trong qu trnh lao ng sn xut;

- Bo co kp thi vi cp trn mi hin tng thiu an ton v sinh trong sn xut m t khng gii quyt c v cc trng hp xy ra tai nn lao ng, s c thit b c bin php gii quyt kp thi;

- Kim im, nh gi tnh trng an ton v sinh lao ng v vic chp hnh cc quy nh v boh lao ng trong cc k hp kim im tnh hnh lao ng sn xut ca t.

T trng sn xut c quyn t chi nhn ngi lao ng khng trnh ngh nghip v kinthc v an ton, v sinh lao ng, t chi nhn cng vic hoc dng cng vic ca t nu thy cnguy c e do n tnh mng, sc kho ca t vin v bo co kp thi vi phn xng x l

3. B phn k hoch (hoc cn b lm cng tc k hoch ca doanh nghip) c nhim v:

- Tng hp cc yu cu v nguyn vt liu, nhn lc v kinh ph trong k hoch bo h lao ng vo k hoch sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip, v t chc thc hin;

- Cng vi b phn bo h lao ng theo di, n c v nh gi vic thc hin cc ni dung cng vic ra trong k hoch bo h lao ng, bo m cho k hoch c thc hin y , ng tin .

4. B phn k thut (hoc cn b k thut ca doanh nghip) c nhim v:

- Nghin cu ci tin trang thit b, hp l ho sn xut v cc bin php v k thut an ton, k thut v sinh a vo k hoch bo h lao ng; hng dn, gim st thc hin cc bin php k thut an ton, k thut v sinh v ci thin iu kin lm vic;

- Bin son, sa i, b sung v hon thin cc quy trnh, bin php lm vic an ton i vi cc my, thit b, ho cht v tng cng vic, cc phng n ng cu khn cp khi c s c, bin son ti liu ging dy v an ton, v sinh lao ng v phi hp vi t chc chuyn trch v bo h lao ng hun luyn cho ngi lao ng.

- Tham gia vic kim tra nh k v an ton, v sinh lao ng v tham gia iu tra tai nn lao ng c lin quan n k thut an ton;

- Phi hp vi b phn bo h lao ng theo di vic qun l, ng k, kim nh, v xin cp giy php s dng cc my, thit b, vt t, cc cht c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton, v sinh lao ng v ch nghim th i vi cc loi thit b an ton, trang thit b bo v c nhn theoquy nh ca cc tiu chun, quy phm.

5. B phn ti v ca doanh nghip c trch nhim:

Tham gia vo vic lp k hoch bo h lao ng, tng hp v cung cp kinh ph thc hin k hoch bo h lao ng y , ng thi hn.

6. B phn vt t ca doanh nghip c trch nhim:

Mua sm, bo qun v cp pht y , kp thi nhng vt liu, dng c, trang b phng tin bo h lao ng, phng tin k thut khc phc s c sn xut c cht lng theo k hoch.

7. B phn t chc lao ng ca doanh nghip c trch nhim:

- Phi hp vi cc phn xng v cc b phn c lin quan t chc v hun luyn lc lng phng chng tai nn, s c trong sn xut ph hp vi c im ca doanh nghip;

- Phi hp vi b phn bo h lao ng v cc phn xng t chc thc hin cc ch bo h lao ng, o to, nng cao tay ngh kt hp vi hun luyn an ton v v sinh lao ng; trang bphng tin bo v c nhn, thi gi lm vic, thi gi ngh ngi, bi dng chng c hi, bi thng tai nn lao ng, bo him x hi...;

- m bo vic cung cp y kp thi nhn cng thc hin cc ni dung, bin php ra trong k hoch bo h lao ng.

II- Ni dung chi tit ca k hoch bo h lao ng

(Ph lc s 02- Km theo Thng t Lin tch s 14 /1998/TTLT-BLTB&XH-BYT-TLLVNngy 31 thng 10 nm 1998 ca B Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi, B Y t v Tng Lin on Lao ng Vit Nam)

1. Cc bin php v k thut an ton v phng chng chy n:

- Ch to, sa cha, mua sm cc thit b, b phn, dng c nhm mc ch che, chn, hm, ng, m cc my, thit b, b phn, cng trnh, khu vc nguy him, c nguy c gy s c, tai nn lao ng;

- Lm thm cc gi nguyn vt liu, thnh phm;

- B sung h thng chng st, chng r in;

- Lp t cc thit b bo ng bng mu sc, nh sng, ting ng...

- t bin bo;

- Mua sm, sn xut cc thit b, trang b phng chy, cha chy;

- T chc li ni lm vic ph hp vi ngi lao ng;

- Di chuyn cc b phn sn xut, kho cha cc cht c hi, d chy n ra xa ni c nhiu ngi qua li.

2. Cc bin php v k thut v sinh lao ng phng chng c hi, ci thin iu kin lao ng:

- Lp t cc qut thng gi, h thng ht bi, ht hi kh c;

- Nng cp, hon thin lm cho nh xng thng thong, chng nng, n v cc yu t c hi lan truyn;

- Xy dng, ci to nh tm;

- Lp t my git, my ty cht c.

3. Mua sm trang thit b bo v c nhn:

Dy an ton; mt n phng c; tt chng lnh; tt chng vt; ng cch in; ng chu axt; m bao tc, m chng chn thng s no; khu trang chng bi; bao tai chng n; qun o chng phng x, chng in t trng, qun o chng rt, qun o chu nhit v.v...

4. Chm sc sc kho ngi lao ng:

- Khm sc kho khi tuyn dng;

- Khm sc kho nh k;

- Khm pht hin bnh ngh nghip;

- Bi dng bng hin vt;

- iu dng v phc hi chc nng lao ng.

5. Tuyn truyn gio dc, hun luyn v bo h lao ng:

- T chc hun luyn v bo h lao ng cho ngi lao ng;

- Chiu phim, tham quan trin lm bo h lao ng;

- T chc thi an ton v sinh vin gii;

- T chc thi vit, thi v xut cc bin php tng cng cng tc bo h lao ng;

- K pa n, p phch, tranh an ton lao ng; mua ti liu, tp ch bo h lao ng.

III- Hng dn ni dung, hnh thc v t chc vic kim tra an ton - v sinh lao ng

(Ph lc s 03- Km theo Thng t Lin tch s 14/1998/TTLT-BLTB&XH-BYT-TLLVN ngy 31 thng 10 nm 1998 ca B Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi, B Y t v Tng Lin on Lao ng Vit Nam)

1. Ni dung kim tra:

1.1- Vic thc hin cc quy nh v bo h lao ng nh: khm sc kho, khm pht hin bnh ngh nghip; thi gi lm vic, thi gi ngh ngi, bi dng bng hin vt, khai bo, iu tra, thng k tai nn lao ng...;

1.2- H s, s sch, ni quy, quy trnh v bin php lm vic an ton, s ghi bin bn kim tra, s ghi kin ngh;

1.3- Vic thc hin tiu chun, quy phm, quy trnh bin php an ton ban hnh;

1.4- Tnh trng an ton, v sinh ca cc my mc, thit b, nh xng, kho tng v ni lm vic nh: che chn ti cc v tr nguy him, tin cy ca cc c cu an ton, chng nng, chng bi, chiu sng, thng gi, thot nc...;

1.5- Vic s dng, bo qun trang b phng tin bo v c nhn, phng tin k thut phng chy cha chy, phng tin cp cu y t;

1.6- Vic thc hin cc ni dung ca k hoch bo h lao ng;

1.7- Vic thc hin kin ngh ca cc on thanh tra, kim tra;

1.8- Vic qun l, thit b, vt t v cc cht c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton lao ng v vic kim sot cc yu t nguy him c hi;

1.9- Kin thc an ton, v sinh lao ng, kh nng x l s c v s cu, cp cu ca ngi lao ng;

1.10- Vic t chc n ung bi dng, chm sc sc kho ngi lao ng;

1.11- Hot ng t kim tra ca cp di, vic gii quyt cc xut, kin ngh v bo h lao ng ca ngi lao ng;

1.12- Trch nhim qun l cng tc bo h lao ng v phong tro qun chng v bo h lao ng.

2. Hnh thc kim tra:

2.1- Kim tra tng th cc ni dung v an ton v sinh lao ng c lin quan n quyn hn ca cp kim tra;

2.2- Kim tra chuyn tng ni dung;

2.3- Kim tra sau t ngh sn xut di ngy;

2.4- Kim tra trc hoc sau ma ma, bo;

2.5- Kim tra sau s c, sau sa cha ln;

2.6- Kim tra nh k xem xt nhc nh hoc chm im xt duyt thi ua;

3. T chc vic kim tra:

vic t kim tra c hiu qu, trnh hnh thc, i ph cn phi chun b chu o v thc hin nghim chnh cc bc sau:

3.1- Thnh lp on kim tra:

cp doanh nghip v cp phn xng khi t kim tra nht thit phi t chc on kim tra, nhng ngi tham gia kim tra phi l nhng ngi c trch nhim ca doanh nghip v ca cng on, c hiu bit v k thut an ton, v sinh lao ng.

3.2- Hp on kim tra phn cng nhim v cho cc thnh vin, xc nh lch kim tra;

3.3- Thng bo lch kim tra n cc n v hoc cc t sn xut;

3.4- Tin hnh kim tra:

- Qun c phn xng (nu l kim tra phn xng) phi bo co tm tt tnh hnh thc hin cng tc bo h lao ng vi on kim tra v xut cc kin ngh, bin php khc phc thiu st tn ti ngoi kh nng t gii quyt ca phn xng; dn on kim tra i xem xt thc t v tr li cc cu hi, cng nh tip thu cc ch dn ca on kim tra;

- Mi v tr sn xut, kho tng u phi c kim tra.

3.5- Lp bin bn kim tra:

- on kim tra ghi nhn xt v kin ngh i vi n v c kim tra; ghi nhn cc vn gii quyt thuc trch nhim ca cp kim tra vo s bin bn kim tra ca n v c kim tra;

- Trng on kim tra v trng b phn c kim tra phi k vo bin bn kim tra.

3.6- Pht huy kt qu kim tra:

- i vi cc n v c kim tra phi xy dng k hoch khc phc cc thiu st tn ti thuc phm vi ca n v gii quyt, ng thi gi cp kim tra theo di thc hin;

- Cp kim tra phi c k hoch phc tra vic thc hin kin ngh i vi c s; tng hp nhng ni dung thuc trch nhim v thm quyn gii quyt ca mnh i vi cp di v giao cho cc b phn gip vic t chc thc hin.

3.7- Thi hn t kim tra cp doanh nghip v cp phn xng.

Tu theo tnh cht sn xut kinh doanh, ngi s dng lao ng quy nh cc hnh thc t kim tra v thi hn t kim tra cp doanh nghip v cp phn xng. Tuy nhin, nh k t kim tra ton din phi c tin hnh 3 thng /1 ln cp doanh nghip v 1 thng /1 ln cp phn xng.

3.8- T kim tra t sn xut:

Vic t kim tra t phi tin hnh vo u gi lm vic hng ngy v trc khi bt u vo mtcng vic mi, v vy cn phi c lm nhanh, gn theo trnh t sau y:

a) Mi c nhn trong t u gi lm vic hng ngy c nhim v quan st tnh trng an ton, v sinh lao ng ca my, thit b, in, mt bng sn xut, dng c phng tin phng chy cha chy, dng c phng tin cp cu s c vv... v bo co t trng nhng thiu st hoc cc nguy c gy tai nn lao ng hoc nh hng xu ti sc kho (nu c).

b) T trng sau khi nhn c cc thng tin v tnh trng mt an ton c nhim v kim tra li cc tn ti c t vin pht hin, hng dn hoc bn bc vi cng nhn trong t cc bin php loi tr trnh xy ra tai nn lao ng.

c) i vi nhng nguy c m kh nng t khng t gii quyt c th phi thc hin bin php tm thi phng trnh xy ra tai nn lao ng, sau ghi vo s kin ngh v bo co ngay vi qun c phn xng c gii quyt.

3.9- Lp s kin ngh v s ghi bin bn kim tra v an ton lao ng - v sinh lao ng:

a) S kin ngh v s ghi bin bn kim tra v an ton, v sinh lao ng l h s gc ca hot ng t kim tra bo h lao ng, l ch cng tc ca cn b qun l sn xut cc cp thc hin chc nng nhim v kim tra, n c cng nh tranh th s ng gp phn nh ca cp di v tnh hnh an ton v v sinh lao ng, l h s theo di vic gii quyt cc thiu st tn ti. V vy, vic lp s kin ngh v s ghi bin bn kim tra l yu cu bt buc mi cp trong doanh nghip;

b) S kin ngh v s ghi bin bn kim tra v an ton v v sinh lao ng phi c ng du gip lai v qun l, lu gi theo ch qun l ti liu hin hnh truy cu khi cn thit;

c) Mi trng hp phn nh kin ngh xut v tip nhn kin ngh xut u phi c ghi chp v k nhn vo s kin ngh v an ton, v sinh lao ng c c s xc nh trch nhim.

IV- Gii quyt v tai nn lao ng nghim trng xy ra trong n v c s

1) n v phi cn c vo Thng t Lin tchs 03/1998/TTLT-BLTBXH-BYT-TLLVN ngy 26/3/1998 ca Lin B Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi, B Y t v Tng Lin on Laong Vit Nam hng dn v khai bo v iu tra tai nn lao ng.

2) Khi xy ra tai nn lao ng cht ngi; b thng nhiu ngi v b thng nng th ngi s dng lao ng phi:

- S cp cu nn nhn; a nn nhn n c s y-t gn nht.

- Khai bo bng cch nhanh nht cho S Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi, S Y-t, Lin on Lao ng Tnh, thnh ph v c quan cng an gn nht.

- Gi nguyn hin trng ni xy ra tai nn lao ng.

3) Phi khai bo trung thc din bin xy ra tai nn lao ng vi on iu tra v Cng an a phng.

4) Tch cc gii quyt hu qu ca v tai nn lao ng.

V- Khai bo cc i tng c yu cu nghim ngt v An ton lao ng

Mu n khai bo:

Tn c s: ............

S :.......................

V/v khai bo i tng cyu cu nghim ngt v an

ton lao ng

Cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam

c lp - T do - Hnh phc

............. ngy....thng....nm.....

Knh gi:Thanh tra Nh nc v an ton lao ng

(B hoc S Lao ng-Thng binh v X hi)

Cn c Thng t s 22/TT-LTBXH ngy 08/11/1996 ca B Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi v vic hng dn khai bo, ng k v cp giy php s dng cc loi my, thit b, vt t v cc cht c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton lao ng.

n v hoc c nhn: (Ghi r tn n v hoc ngi khai bo)

Tr s chnh: .......................................................

in thoi: ........................ Fax: .........................

Xin khai bo cc loi i tng c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton lao ng sau y:

S TT

Tn i tng cyu cu nghim ngt v an ton lao ng

M hiu

Nmsn xut

c tnh k thutMc chs dng

Thit k Thc t

C s k tn v ng du

Ghi ch:

Trong phn c tnh k thut:

- i vi ni hi ghi r p sut lm vic, cng sut hi, loi nhin liu t;

- i vi thit b chu p lc ghi r p sut lm vic, dung tch, mi cht lm vic;

- i vi my lnh ghi r cng sut, loi mi cht lm vic;

- i vi thit b nng ghi r trng ti, tm vi;

- i vi thang my ghi r sc cha, vn tc;

- i vi vt liu n ghi r cng n, tc n, kh nng truyn n, thi gian bo qun.

VI- n xin cp (cp li hoc gia hn) giy php s dng cc i tng c yu cunghim ngt v an ton lao ng

Mu n:

Tn c s: ............

S :.......................

Cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam

c lp - T do - Hnh phc

............. ngy....thng....nm.....

n xin cp (cp li hoc gia hn) giy php s dng cc i tng c yu cunghim ngt v an ton lao ng

Knh gi:Thanh tra Nh nc v an ton lao ng

(B hoc S Lao ng-Thng binh v X hi)

Cn c Thng t s 22/TT-LTBXH ngy 08/11/1996 ca B Lao ng-Thng binh v X hiv vic hng dn khai bo, ng k v cp giy php s dng cc loi my, thit b, vt t v cc cht c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton lao ng.

n v hoc c nhn: (Ghi r tn n v hoc ngi khai bo)

Tr s chnh: .......................................................

in thoi: ........................ Fax: .........................

Xin cp giy php s dng cho cc i tng c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton lao ng sau (Km theo h s cp giy php).

STT

Tn i tng cyu cu nghim ngtv an ton lao ng

Mhiu

Nmsnxut

c tnh k thut Mcch

s dng

L do xincp giy

phpThit k Thc t

ngh Thanh tra Nh nc v an ton lao ng xem xt v cp giy php s dng cho cc i tng trn.

C s k tn v ng du

Ghi ch:

Trong phn c tnh k thut:

- i vi ni hi ghi r p sut lm vic, cng sut hi, loi nhin liu t;

- i vi thit b chu p lc ghi r p sut lm vic, dung tch, mi cht lm vic;

- i vi my lnh ghi r cng sut, loi mi cht lm vic;

- i vi thit b nng ghi r trng ti, tm vi;

- i vi thang my ghi r sc cha, vn tc;

- i vi vt liu n ghi r cng n, tc n, kh nng truyn n, thi gian bo qun.

Phn VI: Nhng thng tin lin quan

I- Cc c quan chc nng lin quan n cng tc an ton - v sinh lao ng

1. V Bo h lao ng - B Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi.

- S 12 Ng Quyn, H Ni.

- in thoi: 04-8269538-8269540

- Fax: 04-8248036

- Email:[email protected]

2. V Y-t d phng - B Y-t

- S 138 A, Ging V, H Ni

- in thoi: 04-8460347

- Fax: 04-8460507

- Email: [email protected]

3. Vin Y hc lao ng v v sinh mi trng - B Y-t

- S 1B Yersine, H Ni

- in thoi: 04-9715947; 9714361

- Fax: 04-8212894

- Email: IN:[email protected]

4. Vin Nghin cu khoa hc k thut bo h lao ng - Tng Lin on Lao ng Vit Nam

- S 216, Nguyn Tri, Qun Thanh Xun, H Ni

- in thoi: 04-8223010-9424028.

- Fax: 04-8246752

- Email: IN:[email protected]

5. Bo him x hi Vit Nam(v vic chi tr bo him x hi khi b tai nn lao ng, bnh ngh nghip)

- S 7, Trng Thi, Hon Kim, H Ni

- in thoi : 04-9344165

6. Phng Thng mi Cng nghip Vit Nam

- S 9, o Duy Anh, H Ni

- in thoi: 04.5742025-5742022

- Fax: 04-8256446

7. Trung tm H tr cc doanh nghip va v nh, Hi ng Lin minh cc hp tc x Vit Nam

- S 68A, Ging V, H Ni

- in thoi: 04.8430369-8437529.

- Fax: 04-8236382

- Email: [email protected]

II- Nhng ngy ngh l, ngh tt hng nm c hng lng (8 ngy)

- Tt dng lch 01 thng 01.

- Tt m lch vo cc ngy 30 thng Chp v 01, 02, 03 thng Ging m lch.

- Ngy Chin thng 30 thng 4 v ngy Quc t lao ng 01 thng 5.

- Ngy Quc khnh 02 thng 9.

III- Ngy ngh hng nm c hng lng

- Ngh hng nm quy nh chung cho mi ngi lao ng l 12 ngy lm vic (khng k ngy ngh hng tun, ngh l, tt c xen vo trong thi gian ngh hng nm).

- Ngi lm ngh, cng vic nng nhc, c hi, nguy him c ngh hng nm 14 ngy lm vic.

- Ngi lm ngh, cng vic c bit nng nhc, c hi, nguy him c ngh hng nm 16 ngy lm vic.

Ngoi nhng ngy ngh hng nm theo lut nh, ngi lao ng c thi gian lm vic lu nm ti doanh nghip th c 5 nm thm nin lm vic c cng thm mt ngy ngh hng nm.

S tay hng dn thc hin cng tcan ton - v sinh lao ng trong cc doanh nghip

Sổ Tay Hướng Dẫn an Toàn Vệ Sinh Lao Động Trong Doanh Nghiệp

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