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elgG5 ljkb\ afhf ahfP/ cfpFb}Gf t/ oyfy{tfdf sltko ljkb\ k"j{–;"rgfdf cfwfl/t

x'G5g\ . ;fdfGotof dflg;, 3/, sfof{no, ejg, ;8s, k'n tyf v]tjf/L, 3/kfn'jf

kz'kIfL / hLjgofkgsf ;|f]tdf Iflt k'¥ofpg] k|fs[lts jf u}/–k|fs[lts 36gfnfO{ ljkb\

elgG5 . ljkb\sf] lsl;d, ef}uf]lns tyf jftfj/0fLo cj:yf, ljsf;sf] :t/, dflg;sf]

r]tgf:t/, /fhgLlts, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs cj:yfh:tf sf/0faf6 Ifltsf] kl/df0fdf

leGgtf Nofpg] jf x'g] ;Defjgf /xG5 . km/s :yfgdf x'g] Ps} k|sf/sf k|sf]ksf

36gf st} k|nosf/L aG5g\ eg] st} dWod sf]6Lsf t st} ;fdfGo x'G5g\ . t;y{, ;a}

k|sf/sf k|sf]kn] ljkb\ lgDTofpF5 g} eGg] xf]Og . ha ;fdgf ug{ g;Sg] :t/sf k|sf]k

;d'bfodf cfOk5{g\, k|sf]kn] ljkb\sf] ¿k lngk'U5 .

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plrt k"j{tof/Lsf pkfoaf6 o;sf] c;/ Go"g ug{ ;lsG5 . ljkb\ Joj:yfkg /fHosf]

k|fyldstfsf] ljifoj:t' agfO{ s'g} klg ljkb\ cfOnfUg' k"j{ k|sf]ksf ;Defljt If]q /

d"Nofª\sg ub}{ ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ h?/L 5 . ;dfhdf r]tgf / ;fjwfgLn]

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?3f–vf]sL, a8{–ˆn', :jfOg–ˆn' h:tf dxfdf/LhGo ljkb\af6 aRg ;lsG5 . o;}u/L,

lah'nL / cfuf]sf] b'?kof]u /f]Sg], jg tyf hldg ljgf; /f]syfd ug]{, t6aGw ug]{,

;k{b+z k|lt/f]wL k"j{–/f]syfd pkfo cjnDjg ug]{ h:tf sfo{n] ;Defljt ljkb\ :jtM

6/]/ hfg;S5 . ;Defljt ljkb\af6 aRgsf nflu 3/ kl/jf/ tyf ;d'bfodf kof{Kt

vfBfGg, kfgL, sk8f, cf}iflw, :j+o;]jL ;d"xsf] cflbsf] ;~ro ug{ ;s]df ljkb\sf]

k|efj Go"g ug{df d2t ldN5 . ef}uf]lns If]q / ;Defljt ljkb\sf] cj:yfcg';f/ pkof]u

x'g;Sg] nfOkm Hofs]6, 6r{nfO6, l;of]wfuf], a]Nrf, s'6f]–sf]bfnf], v's'/L, 8'Ëf,

6\o'j, 6fo/ 8f]/L, :6]«r/ / cGo cfjZos cf}hf/ tyf ;fdu|Lsf] ;~ro ;d'bfo tyf

kl/jf/:t/d} ug{ ;s] ljkb\sf] gsf/fTds k|efjaf6 aRg ;lsg] ePsfn] ;d'bfosf]

Ifdtf / cfTdljZjf; a9\g]5 .

s'g} klg ;d'bfodf ljkb\sf] a]nfdf cfjZos kg]{ v'Nnf :yfgsf cnfjf ;fd"lxs

cf>o:yn -;fd'bflos b'u{_ sf af/]df lgSof]{n u/L /fVg'k5{ . ;fy} ljkb\sf] ;dodf

tTsfn cfOkg]{ c;fdfGo kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug{ cfkTfsfnLg of]hgf agfOg' a'l4dfgL

x'G5 . cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L sltko ;Defljt k|sf]ksf] hf]lvdsf af/]df

k"j{–;"rgf lng ;lsG5 h:t} df};ddf cfpg] v/faL, lxdkft, jiff{, af9L, 8'jfg cflbsf]

k"j{–;"rgf ;xh} pknJw x'g;S5 .

hlt b'|t ultdf p4f/ tyf /fxt sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ ;lsof] Tolt g} hgwgsf]

;Defljt Iflt sd ug{ ;lsG5 . ljkb\sf] klxnf] 306fleq ul/g] p4f/af6 hgwg

hf]lug] ;Defjgf a9\5 . ;fy} s'g} klg ljkb\sf] klxnf] p4f/stf{ eg]sf] ;d'bfosf

;b:o ePsfn] Ifdtf / cfTdljZjf; a9fpg] ljz]if sfo{j|md nfu" ug'{k5{ . o;sf lglDt

;d'bfodf tflnd k|fKt :j+d;]js Pj+ k|fylds pkrf/ ug{ ;Sg] hgzlQm tof/ ul/g'

jf~5gLo x'G5 . t;y{, ;d'bfosf ;b:odf p4f/ tyf /fxt sfo{sf] hfgsf/L tyf

;Lk x'g h?/L 5 . o;} oyfy{nfO{ dgg u/L OGx'/]8 OG6/g]zgnn] ;z:q k|x/Lan;Fu

5

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;dfgGt/ ¿kdf Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmdnfO{ cufl8 a9fOPsf] 5 . dgg\ ug'kg]{ s'/f

of] klg 5 ls s'g} klg 7"nf] ljkb\n] csf]{ ljkb\ lgDTofpg ;S5 . h:t} af9L, klx/f],

8'jfg ePsf avt jftfj/0f k|b"lift eO{ /f]u–JofwL k}mlng]h:tf] csf]{ ljkb\ pTkGg

x'g] pRr ;Defjgf /xG5 eg] e"sDkn] ;+/rgf tx;–gx; x'Fbf cfunfuLsf 36gf x'g]

;Defjgf klg TolQs} /xG5 .

;d'bfosf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, z}lIfs, ;f+:s[lts kIfdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpg

ljkb\kl5 k'g:yf{kgfsf sfo{ ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . ljkb\–k"j{sf] cj:yfd} ;d'bfonfO{ Nofpg]

sfo{ g} k'gM:yf{kgf xf] . ;fy} eljiodf cfOkg]{ yk ljkb\sf 36gfaf6 arfpg] u/L

k"j{–cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ug{'k5{ . ljkb\sf sf/0f cQflnPsf] ;d'bfosf ;b:osf] dfgl;s

cj:yf;d]t sdhf]/ ePsf] x'g;S5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf eljiodf ;'/lIft hLjgofkg

ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljZjf; lbnfpg ;fdflhs dgf]k/fdz{ sfo{ u/L dfgl;s ¿kdf

;d'bfonfO{ ;an agfO{ /fVg'k5{ . OGx'/]8 OG6/g]zgnåf/f ;+rflnt ædgf];fdflhs

k/fdz{Æ tflnd o;} ;Gb{e;Fu s]lGb|t 5 .

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;DalGwt ;d'bfosf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 . :yfgLo ;fwg, ;|f]t / ;Lksf] k|of]uaf6

k'glg{df{0fnfO{ ldtJooL / k|efjsf/L 9Ëaf6 ;DkGg ug{ ;lsG5 h;sf lglDt ;d'bfosf]

;dfj]zL ;xeflutf h?/L x'G5 . ljkb\sf sf/0f ;d'bfodf cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs

;d:of pTkGg ePsf] x'G5 . ljkb\af6 u'd]sf] /f]huf/ tyf hLljsf]kfh{gsf If]qdf ePsf]

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c;'/lIft a;fOF;/fO / dfgj a]rljvgsf ck/fwnfO{ /f]Sg ;d]t ;d'bfonfO{ g} cu|;/

t'Nofpg' kb{5 eGg] dfGotfsf ;fy xfd|f sfo{qmdx¿ lgb]{lzt 5g\ .

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6

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xfdLn] lnPsf 5f}F .

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lnDa', kf;fË z]kf{, ¿kf kf}8]n, ;/f]h km'ofFn, ;ljgf 9sfn, :d[tL sfˆn], dlgsf

hf]zL, cfz'tf]if kf}8\ofn, d}of dxh{g Pj+ OGx'/]8 OG6/g]zgnsf ;DalGwt lhNnfsf

lhNnf hg;Dks{ clws[t Pj+ :yfgLo hg;Dks{ clws[tx¿nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}F .

cGtdf, o; k':tsnfO{ cWoog kZrft\ ;bf em}F xfd|f sdLsdhf]/L cf}NofO{ xf};nf /

k|]/0ff k|bfg ug'{x'g]5 elg ck]Iff ;lxt ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}F .

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cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo Iflt k'¥ofpF5 / k|efljt÷kLl8tn] cfkm";Fu} pknAw ;|f]tx¿sf]

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t/fO{df x'g ;Sg] ljkb\á cfunfuL á Aff9L÷8'afg

á zLtnx/ / n' á v8]/L÷cltj[li6

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á r6\ofª

ljkb\sf k|efjx¿á ;fdfGo hLjgz}nL eË á ;fdflhs ;+/rgfdf Iflt

á jftfj/0fLo Iflt á ;fdflhs bfloTjdf a[l4

á /fli6«o ;Dkbfdf Iflt á /fli6«o cy{tGqdf Iflt

á clgRIffk"0f{ Af;fOF–;/fO á pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf x|f;

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ljkb\ Joj:yfkgá ljkb\sf sf/0f pTkGg x'g ;Sg] Iflt Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ul/g] Joj:yfnfO{ ;fdfGo

efiffdf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg elgG5 .

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á ljkb\ Joj:yfkg Ps Jofjxfl/s lj1fg xf] .

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Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Dej x'Fb}g .

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g]kfn lsg k|efljt 5 <

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á 7"nf / cUnf kmlg{r/ leQfdf g9Ng] u/L afFWg] .

á u'8\g] jf lrlKng] kmlg{r/nfO{ xnrn gug]{ u/L /fVg] .

á HjngzLn kbfy{nfO{ tftf] 7fpFaf6 6f9f /fVg] .

11

1912

20

e"sDk uO/x]sf] a]nfdf

á e"sDk uO/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;Dej eP;Dd ;'/lIft eP/ a:g] .

á klxnf] wSsf cfO;s]kl5 s]xL ;dod} 7"nf wSsf cfpg ;Sg] x'gfn] ;fjwfgL

cj:yfdf /xg] / kl/jf/nfO{ klg ;f]xL jdf]lhd ;Nnfx lbg]] .

á w]/} k/ efUg'eGbf glhs}sf] ;'/lIft :yfgdf uO{ a:g] .

3/leq tyf lg:sg] :yfg c;'/lIft ePdf

á e"sDKf cfO/x]sf] a]nfdf otfplt gbf}8g] / aflx/ lg:sg gvf]Hg] .

á e'OFdf 3f]K6f] eP/ a:g], ;Dej eP alnof] 6]a'n, knª d'lg gcfFlQOsg a:g] .

á l;;f, ‰ofn, aflx/L 9f]sf cyjf kvf{n of s'g} v:g / km'6\g ;Sg] aQL, NofDk,

kmlg{r/ cflbaf6 6f9f /xg] .

á e"sDk cfPsf] cj:yfdf vf6df ;'lt/xg' ePsf] 5 eg] vf6dfly g} a:g] / glhs}

s'g} v:g ;Sg] u¥xfF} dfn;fdfgx¿ 5}g eGf] cfkm\gf] 6fpsfnfO{ tlsofn] 9fs]/

s'g} Ps s'gfdf cl8u eP/ a:Gf] .

á sf7sf 9f]sfx¿ alnof];Fu agfOPsf] 5 eg] dfq} To;sf d'lg uP/ a:Gf] cGoyf

cs{} ;'/lIft :yfgdf hfg] .

á e"sDksf] wSsf g/f]s'Ghn];Dd 3/leq g} a:Gf] / e"sDk /f]lsO;s]kl5 dfq}

;'/lIft v'nf :yfgdf lg:sg] .

á e"sDKf cfPsf] ;dodf crfgs aQLsf] nfOg hfg ;Sg] x'gfn] ljz]if ;fjwfgL

ckgfpg] .

á e"sDk uO/x]sf] a]nf lnkm\6sf] k|of]u gug]{ .

13

2114

22

cfkm' aflx/ x'Fbf

á ejg, lah'nLsf] nfOg, ?v cflb eGbf 6f9f a:g] -lsgls ltgLx¿ e"sDksf

sf/0f 9Ng ;S5g\_ .

á e"sDksf] cj:yfdf ;fF3'/f] uNnLaf6 glxF8\g] .

á ;s];Dd v'Nnf / ;'/lIft 7fpF vf]Hg] .

á afnaflnsf, la/fdL, ue{jtL, ;'Ts]/L, ckfª\utf ePsf] JolQm Pjd\ a[4–a[4fnfO{

ljz]if x]/rfx ug]{ .

rln/x]sf] uf8Ldf ePsf] cj:yfdf

á ;Dej eP;Dd ;'/lIft :yfgdf ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{ /f]Sg] jf uf8Lleq} al;/xg] .

á cUnf ejg, cUnf ?v, cfsf;] k'n / lah'nLsf tf/ glhs ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{

;s];Dd g/f]Sg] .

á tTsfn pTkGg x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt k/fsDk /f]lsO;s]kl5 dfq ;fjwfgLk"j{s

;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg] .

á e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t x'g ;Sg] cyjf Iflt eO;s]sf ;8s, k'n, ¥ofDk cflbdf

uf8L grnfpg] .

olb 3/leq x'g'x'G5 eg]

á ljB'tLo ;fdu|L aGb ug'{xf];\ .

á cfuf] aln/x]sf] 5 eg] l56f]–l56f] lgefpg'xf];\ .

á kfgLsf wf/fx¿ aGb ug'{xf];\ / ;'/lIft :yfgdf hfg'xf];\ .

15

2316

24

em6k6 emf]nfdf /fVg ;lsg] ;fdu|L

á lkpg] kfgL tyf ;'Vvf vfg]s'/f

á ;/;kmfO{sf ;fdfg

á k|fylds pkrf/ ;fdu|L

á bL3{ /f]uLx¿sf nflu cfjZos cf}iflw

á s]xL k};f

á dxTjk"0f{ sfuhft

á ;fdfGo cf}hf/

á xft] /]l8of], 6r{nfO6, ;nfO{, nfO6/, l;¶L cflb

á Ps hf]8L df};d cg';f/sf] sk8f

á 8f]/L

á cfjZos kg]{ dxTjk"0f{ 6]lnkmf]g gDa/

ug{ gx'g]

á cflQg] / c¿nfO{ klg cTofpg] .

á nx}nx}df nfu]/ xNnf km}nfpg] .

á :jfyL{ / c;xof]uL Jojxf/ .

17

2518

26

af9L;fdfGotof eGbf a9L clj/n d';nwf/] kfgL kg{ uO{ hghLjgnfO{ si6s/ Pjd\

c:tJo:t agfpg] 36gfnfO{ af9L elgG5 . af9Lsf k|d'v sf/0fx¿clgolGqt jgljgfz

/ clj/n jiff{ x'g\ . To;}n] af9LnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ j[Iff/f]k0f, ux|f v]tL tyf t6jGw

lgs} pko'St dfWod x'g\ .

af9Lsf] :j?k

á af9Lsf] sltko cj:yfdf k"j{hgfp k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 eg] sltko cj:yfdf k|fKt

ug{ ;lsFb}g .

á af9Lsf] ult la:tf/} jf PSsfl; a9\g ;S5 .

á ckjfbdf afx]s af9L jiff{sf] df};ddf cfpg] u5{ .

á d';nwf/] jiff{sf sf/0f af9L cfpg] ub{5 .

19

2720

28

klx/f]jghª\un, v]taf/L, le/ cflb 5]psf] le/fnf] hldg rls{P/ k'm6]/ jf wl:;P/ cl:y/

eO{ df6f], 9'ª\uf, r6\6fg;lxt jg:klt, dfgjlgld{t ef}lts ;+/rgf :ki6 b]lvg] u/L

v:g] cyjf aUg] k|lsofnfO{ klx/f] elgG5 . klx/f]sf] d'Vo sf/0f jg ljgfz tyf

cGo dfgjLo cltqmd0f xf] . t;y{, le/fnf] jf af9L klx/f] hfg] ;Defljt e"–efudf

jg:kltsf] ;+/If0f tyf j[Iff/f]k0f u/L lgoGq0f ug{'k5{ .

21

2922

30

af9L tyf klx/f]sf k|d'v sf/0f

á clj/n jiff{ x'g' .

á hyfefjL ;8s lgdf{0f ul/g' .

á hyfefjL e"ld s6fg ul/g' .

á clgolGqt hª\un km8fgL ul/g' .

á le/fnf] hldgdf v]tL ug'{ .

á ljifd\ ef}uf]lns cj:yf x'g' .

á gbL lsgf/df a;f]af; ul/g' / gbL lsgf/nfO{ ;fF3'/f] kfl/Fb} nlug' .

á cltj[li6 x'g' .

á sdhf]/ w/ftn x'g' .

á e"sDk hfg' .

á e"–Ifo x'g' .

á hyfefjL vfgL tyf vlgh vf]h ul/g' .

23

3124

32

af9L tyf klx/f] lgoGq0fsf pkfox¿á j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ .

á t6aGw lgdf{0f ug]{ .

á jftfj/0fd}qL Jojxf/ ug]{ .

á vf]nfgfnfsf] k|fs[lts jxfjdf x:tIf]k gug]{ .

á km]bL kvf{n M s'g} klg hf]lvdo'Qm hldg jf le/fnf] hldgdf e"OF ;txaf6 vlbnf] u/L 9'ª\uf e/L nufOPsf] kvf{nnfO{ km]bL kvf{n elgG5 .

á vf8n k'g]{ M ;+efljt vf8ndf kfgL hd]/ vf8n km'6L af9L jf klx/f] hfg ;Sg] x'gfn] To:tf] vf8nnfO{ df6f], 9'ª\uf jf cGo j:t'sf] ;xfotfn] k'g{'nfO{ vf8n k'g{] ljlw elgG5 .

á 6]jf kvf{n M klx/f] jf jf9Ln] v:g nfu]sf] e"–efu jf r§fgnfO{ 9'ª\uf, sf7, l;d]G6 cflbsf] ;xfotfn] c8\ofpg] u/L agfOPsf] kvf{nnfO{ 6]jf kvf{n elgG5 .

á dfGb|] kvf{n M af9L jf klx/f] /f]SgnfO{ afF;af6 agfOPsf] kvf{nnfO{ dfGb|] kvf{n elgG5 .

á 9'Ëf 5fKg] M ;Defljt hf]lvdo'Qm e"–efudf ljleGg j:t'sf] ;xfotfn] 9'ª\uf la5\ofpg] tl/sfnfO{ 9'ªuf 5fKg] ljlw elgG5 .

á lgoGq0f afFw M gbL jf vf]nfsf] axfjnfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu Uofljg hfnLdf 9'ª\uf e/L gbLdf agfOPsf afFwx¿nfO{ lgoGq0f afFw elgG5 .

á h'6sf] hfnL M df6f] aUffO{ /f]Sgsf nflu h'6sf] hfnLdf df6f] e/L agfOPsf] afFw jf ;txnfO{ h'6sf] hfnL ljlw eGg] a'lemG5 .

á ;tx 9fSg] M klx/f] uO/x]sf] e"efunfO{ Knfli6s of cGo To:t} j:t'sf] d2tn] hldgsf] ;tx 9fsL kfgLnfO{ lglZrt lbzfdf k7fpg] tl/sfnfO{ ;tx 9fSg] ljlw elgG5 .

á gfnL lgdf{0f M kfgL lgoGq0fsf nflu s'nf]–s'n];f] vg]/ gfnL lgdf{0f u/L kfgLnfO{ lglZrt 7fpFdf k7fpg] tl/sfnfO{ gfnL lgdf{0f ljlw elgG5 .

á jg:ktL ;+/rgf M le/fnf] jf af9L klx/f] hfg] ;Defljt e"–efudf jg:kltsf] ;+/If0f tyf j[Iff/f]k0f u/L lgoGq0f ug{] ljlwnfO{ jg:klt ;+/rgf elgG5 .

25

3326

34

cfunfuLljleGg k|sf]kdWo] cfunfuL cToGt} ;Dj]bgzLn k|sf]ksf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . ;fdfGotof dflg;sf] nfk/jfxLaf6 a9L dfqfdf cfunfuLsf 36gfx¿ 36]sf] kfOG5 . ljz]ifu/]/ xfjf x'/L a9L rNg] df};ddf cfunfuLn] jif]{gL cToflws wghgsf] Iflt k'¥ofPsf] sof}F pbfx/0fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

cfunfuLsf] hf]lvd ljz]ifu/L x'/L w]/} rNg] df};ddf a9L x'G5 . t/ ;fdfGotof cfunfuLsf] 36gf dflg;sf] nfk/jfxLaf6 g} ePsf] b]lvG5 . ljz]ifu/L t/fO{df k/fnsf] 5fk|f] ePsf ;Fu} 6fFl;Psf 3/x¿ ePsf] sf/0f cfunfuLsf] vt/f / 36gfx¿ Kflg t/fO{df g} a9L x'g] ub{5g\ .

cfuhgLsf] :j?ká 7f]; kbfy{dfá /f;folgs -t/n_ dfá Uof;dfá kmnfdhGo j:t'dfá ljB'tLo h8fgdf

cfuhgLsf ;Defljt sf/0fá d}gaQL afn]/ lgefpg lal;{Pdf

á r'/f]6sf 7'6f hyfefjL kmfn]df

á c;fjwfgLk"j{s HJfngzLn kbfy{ rnfPdf

á afnaflnsfnfO{ cfuf]hGo j:t'l;t v]Ng lbPdf

á OGwg ebf{ ljB'tLo :jLrx¿ aGb gu/]df

á Uof; k|of]u ubf{ kof{Kt ;fjwfgL gckgfPdf

á ljikmf]6s kbfy{sf] glhs cfuf]sf] k|of]u u/]df

á ljB'tLo ;fdu|L hyfefjL rnfPdf

27

3528

36

cfuf] lgefpg k|of]u ul/g] ;fwg

á bdsn

á kfgL

á clUg;fds oGq

á kmf]d

á jfn'jf

clUg;fds oGqsf] k|of]u ljlw

á ;]lˆ6lkg y'Tg]]

á gf]hn tfSg]

á lne/nfO{ lyRg]

á a9f/] h:tf] u/L rnfpg]

cfuf] pTkGgx'g] / nfUg;Sg] :yfg

á cfjf; tyf sfof{no ejg

á snsf/vfgf

á dfgj a:tL

á hª\un–emf8L

á ljB'tLo 6«fG;kmd{/

á Uof; kfOk, cflb

29

3730

38

;8s b'3{6gfg]kfndf k|foMh;f] b}lgs¿kdf ;8s b'3{6gf eO/xg] x'Fbf 7"nf] dfqfdf hgwgsf]

Iflt;d]t eO/x]sf] 5 . ljz]iftM ;8s b'3{6gfsf] d'Vo sf/0f rfnssf] nfk/jfxL,

;8s tyf ;jf/L ;fwg b'j}sf] v/fa cj:yf Pjd\ hgr]tgfsf] cefj ;d]t xf] . b]zsf]

ef}uf]lns ljs6tfsf] sf/0f kxf8L Onfsfx¿df lgdf{0f ePsf ;fF3'/f, 3'DtLo'Qm tyf

sRrL ;8ssf sf/0f cToflws b'3{6gfx¿ x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .

;8s b'3{6gfaf6 aRg] ;'/IffTds pkfo

á 6«flkms lgodsf] ;b}j kfngf ug{] 6«flkms aQLnufot cGo ;ª\s]tsf] 1fg /fVg] .

á df]6/;fOsn rnfpFbf x]nd]6sf] k|of]u ug{] .

á uf8L rnfpFbf l;6 a]N6sf] clgjfo{ ¿kdf k|of]u ug{] .

á pRr ultdf ;jf/L ;fwgx¿ grnfpg] .

á dlb/f ;]jg u/L ;jf/L grnfpg] .

á lgoldt ¿kdf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] k/LIf0f u/fpg] .

á IfdtfeGbf a9L ofq' af]s]/ ;jf/L ;fwg grnfpg] .

á lgGb|f jf ysfOn] u|:t ePsf] a]nf ;jf/L ;fwg grnfpg] .

31

3932

40

dxfdf/L;d'bfosf] s'g} Ps If]qdf crfgs b]vf k/]sf] /f]u 5f]6f] ;dod} km}lnP/ cgk]lIft

¿kdf w]/} dflg; ;ª\qmldt x'g] / dg]{ cj:yfnfO{ ;fdfGotof dxfdf/L elgG5 . hf8f]sf]

;dodf Zjf;k|Zjf;hGo /f]u, jiff{ofddf af9L tyf klx/f]kl5 k|b"if0fdf x'g] j[l4sf sf/0f

pTkGg x'g] emf8fkvfnf, x}hf, Dofb]Hj/f], cf}nf], OG;]km\nfOl6;, sfnfhf/ sdnlkQ,

bfb'/f, OGkm\n'PGhf, 8]Fu', Hj/f]h:tf /f]u dxfdf/Lsf] ¿kdf km}lng ;Sg] x'G5 .

33

4134

42

Go"gLs/0fsf pkfo

á dxfdf/Laf6 ;'/lIft /xg To;sf] ;Defjgf, sf/0f / k|efjaf/] k|efljt x'g;Sg]

;d'bfonfO{ ;r]t agfpg' cfjZos x'G5 . o;af6 /f]u km}ng / dxfdf/Lsf]

¿k lng glbg ;d'bfon] cfkm}F ;r]t / ;hu eP/ kxn ug{ ;S5 .

á emf8fkvfnf, x}hf, Dofb]Hj/f] h:tf /f]ux¿ d'VotM ;/;kmfO{sf] sdLsf sf/0f

km}nG5g\ . ctM o:tf /f]usf] dxfdf/L x'g] ;Defljt :yfgdf hgr]tgf sfo{qmd;Fu}

JolQmut, 3/fo;L, ;fd'bflos / jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO{ cleofg rnfpg' a9L

k|efjsf/L x'G5 .

á w]/}h;f] ;?jf /f]u b"lift kfgLsf] k|of]uaf6 dxfdf/Lsf] ¿kdf km}ng] ub{5g\ .

ctM :jR5 vfg]kfgLsf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug]{ xf] eg] kfgLaf6 km}ng] /f]uhGo

dxfdf/Lsf] cj:yf gcfpg ;S5 .

á ;?jf /f]usf] dxfdf/L k|foM JolQmut, 3/]n' / dfgjl;lh{t jftfj/0fLo cj:yfsf

sf/0f km}ng] x'Fbf o;sf] /f]syfd / lgoGq0f dflg;sf] 1fg, wf/0ff / Jojxf/sf]

kl/jt{gaf6 dfq ;Dej x'G5 .

á dxfdf/Lsf] ¿kdf km}ng] ;Defjgf /x]sf] /f]u b]vf k/]df tTsfn} ;DalGwt ;/sf/L

lgsfodf va/ ug]{ .

á /f]usf] ;|f]t klxrfg u/L pkrf/ ug{ ljz]if1 / lrlsT;ssf] ;xof]u lng] .

35

4336

44

r6\ofªAffbnsf l9Ssfx¿ Ps cfk;df 3if{0f eO{ pTkGg x'g] zlQm h;nfO{ k[YjLsf]

u''?Tjfsif{0fn] cfkm'lt/ tfGb5 / cUnf ?v / 3/x¿df kg{ uO{ dfgjLo tyf ef}lts

Iflt x'G5 . jfo'd08ndf 3lge"t Affbnsf l9Ssfx¿ Ps–cfk;df hf]8bf/ 3if{0f eO{

eofgs cfjfh ;lxt r6\ofª pTkGg x'g hfG5 .

r6\ofªaf6 aRg] pkfo

á 3/ tyf cfkm' /x]sf] ejgleq} ;'/lIft eP/ a:g] .

á 3/ tyf cGo ejgleq ljB'tLo pks/0fx¿ Hf:t}– kmf]g, 6]lnlehg /]l8of],

sDKo'6/ cflb k|of]u gug{] .

á ?vsf] km]b tyf glhs ga:g] .

á kfgLaf6 6f9f /xg] .

á kmnfdsf vDaf / lah'nLsf] tf/af6 6f9f /xg] .

á ;jf/L ;fwg grnfpg] .

á v'nf hldgdf lj>fd gug]{ .

á u'kmf jf cf]9f/df ga:g] .

37

4538

46

;k{sf] 6f]sfO{;k{n] 6f]Sg'nfO{ ;k{b+z elgG5 . ;a} ;k{x¿ ljiffn' x'Fb}gg\ . ljZjdf hldg / kfgLdf

kfOg] u/L nueu @))) k|hfltsf ;k{x¿ clelnlvt ul/Psf 5g\ h;dWo] nueu

#&% k|hflt ljiffn' /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf ;k{sf hDdf && k|hflt Pj+ pkk|hfltx¿

clen]v ul/Psf 5g\ . && k|hfltdf %^ k|hfltsf ;k{x¿ ljifljxLg 5g\ eg] @! k|hflt

ljiffn' /x]sf 5g\ .

c:ktfn n}hfg' cufl8

á l:KnG6 jf l:nªåf/f ;k{n] 6f]s]sf] efunfO{ crn ug'{xf];\ .

á u/uxgf, cf}F7L, sl:;Psf] n'uf -sk8f_ cflb k'msfNg'xf];\ .

á w]/} lrlGtt jf Jofs'n ePsf] kLl8tnfO{ cfZj:t kfg'{xf];\ .

á cfkm}Fn] NofPsf]÷agfPsf] sf6\g] jf 3f]Rg] ;/;fdfgsf] k|of]u gug'{xf];\ .

á 6f]s]sf] 7fpFdf jf 6f]s]sf] xftuf]8fdf 6\of6' gagfpg'xf];\÷gvf]kfpg'xf];\ .

á 3fpaf6 ljif r';]/ lgsfNg] k|of; gug'{xf];\ .

á ;k{n] 6f]s]sf] v08df 3fpnfO{ sf6\g] tyf 3fpdfly a/km gnufpg'xf];\ .

á h}ljs jf /f;folgs hGo kbfy{x¿sf] k|of]u gug'{xf];\ .

á cf6]{/Lsf] sl:;Psf] 6lg{Sj]6 -cf6]{l/on 6lg{Sj]6sf]_ k|of]u gug'{xf];\ .

39

4740

48

;k{sf] 6f]sfO{af6 aRg] pkfo

á cUnf] 3fF; / emf8Ldf lxF8\bf afSnf] h'Qf nufpg] .

á Gflhs}sf] :jf:Yo rf}sLdf kLl8tnfO{ n}hfg], :jf:Yo rf}sL hfg l9nf] ePdf

3fpsf] @–$ OGr dflykl§ nufP/ /fVg] .

á 3/ jl/kl/ 3fF;kft, emf8L 5 eg] To;nfO{ ;kmf ug]{ .

á /ftL lxF8\bf aQL afn]/ dfq} lxF8\g] .

á ;s];Dd 3/sf] em\ofn–9f]sfdf hfnL /fVg] / ;wF} aGb ug]{ .

á ;'Tg'eGbf cufl8 la5\ofpg tyf sf]7f jl/kl/ x]g]{ .

á Ef'O{df eGbf vf6df tyf vl6ofdf ;'Tg] .

á 3/]n' pkrf/sf] af/]df hfgsf/L /fVg' ;fy} glhs}sf] :jf:Yo rf}sLsf] af/]df

k"j{–hfgsf/L /fvL /fVg] .

á k|fylds pkrf/sf ;fdu|L /fVg'sf ;fy} k|fylds pkrf/ ;DaGwL tflnd lng] .

41

4942

50

;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg'gL Joj:yfk[i7e"ld

g]kfndf af/Daf/ uO/xg] af9L, ck|Toflzt e"sDk / af9L÷klx/f], cfunfuL, dxfdf/L

h:tf k|sf]ksf] w]/} vt/f x'gfn] g]kfnnfO{ blIf0f Plzofs} ;a}eGbf w]/} ljkb\ k|efljt

b]z eg]/ lrlgG5 . o:tf ljkb\x?n] hghLjgdf 7"nf] Iflt k'¥ofpg] x'gfn] o;sf]

Go"gLs/0f / hf]lvd sd ug{ g]kfndf ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg'gL Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

o; vfnsf] sfg'gL Joj:yfn] ljkb\sf] hf]lvd, Go"gLs/0f, / Joj:yfkgsf] ;jfndf

b]lvPsf ;d:ofnfO ;Daf]wg ug{ d2t ub{5 .

k|fs[lts k|sf]k P]gn] ljkb\sf] kl/efiff lbFb} ljkb\ cyf{t k|fs[lts k|sf]knfO{ Joj:yfkg

ug]{ hdsf]{ u/]sf] 5 . P]gsf] bkmf @ -7_ df ljkb\ eGgfn] s'g} :yfgdf cfktsfnLg

cj:yf l;h{gf eO{ hg jf wgsf] Ifltsf] ;fy} hLjgofkg / jftfj/0fdf k|lts"n c;/

kfg]{ k|fs[lts jf u}/–k|fs[lts 36gfnfO{ hgfpF5 eg]/ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . o; P]gn]

k|fs[lts tyf u}/–k|fs[lts b'j} k|sf]knfO{ ljkb\ eg]/ ;Daf]wg u/]sf] 5 .

k|sf]kx¿nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ k|fs[lts k|sf]k P]g, @)#( n] k|d'v e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf]

lyof] . tyflk, o; P]gdf ljkb\sf] Go"gLs/0f tyf hf]lvd Joj:yfkg h:tf Wofg lbg'kg{]

d'Vo kIfx¿nfO{ ;d]l6Psf] lyPg . o; k[i7e"lddf b]zdf Pp6f gofF ljkb\ Joj:yfkg

P]gsf] cfjZostf b]lvof] h'g P]gdf ljkb\ rqm Joj:yfkgsf ;fy} g]kfndf cfOkg{]

ljljw lsl;dsf ljkb\sf] af/]df klg pNn]v ul/g' h?/L lyof] . kmn:j?k @)#(

;fnsf] k|fs[lts k|sf]k P]gnfO{ lj:yflkt ub}{ @)&$ ;fndf æljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf Joj:yfkg P]gÆ k|f/De ePsf] 5 . o; P]gn] k|fs[lts dfq geO{ u}/–k|fs[lts

ljkb\af6 ;j{;fwf/0fsf] Hofg, ;fj{hlgs, gLlh tyf JolQmut ;DklQ, k|fs[lts

Pjd\ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf / ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] ;+/If0f ug{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf

Joj:yfkgdf d'Vo Wofg s]lGb|t u/]sf] 5 .

;+j}wflgs Joj:yf

g]kfnsf] ;+lj3fg @)&@ sf] efu $ sf] wf/f %!-5_-(_ df æk|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 x'g] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{ k"j{–;"rgf, tof/L, p4f/, /fxt Pj+ k'g{:yfkgf ug{]Æ pNn]v

ul/Psf] 5 .

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51

P]gn] u/]sf] Joj:yf ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf Joj:yfkg P]g, @)&$

@)&@ ;fndf g]kfnn] Pp6f 7"nf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDksf] ;fdgf u/]sf] lyof] . To; e"sDkdf

lgs} 7"nf] ;+Vofdf dfgj hglhjg tyf wg ;DkQLsf] Iflt eof] . e"sDkkl5 g]kfn

;/sf/n] To;sf] hf]lvdnfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} ljkb\\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf sfo{x¿nfO{

k|fyldstf lbg yfNof] / ;f] lbzfdf dxTjk"0f{ sbd rfNb} ljkb\\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f

tyf Joj:yfkg P]g, @)&$ sf] k|f/De eof] . o; P]gn] Kf|b]z / lhNnf ljkb\\ Joj:yfkg

;ldltsf] :yfkgf u/L ;f] ;ldltx¿sf] sfo{, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

P]gn] ;d]6]sf d'ne"t ljifox¿

á ljkb\\ Joj:yfkgsf ;DaGwdf ;ª\3, k|b]z, lhNnf tyf :yfgLo txsf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; u/fpg] .

á ljBfnotxb]lv pRr:t/;Ddsf] z}lIfs kf7\oqmddf ljkb\\ Joj:yfkgsf ;DaGwL ljifo ;dfj]z u/fpg] .

á ljkb\\sf] hf]lvddf /x]sf dlxnf, afnaflnsf, h]i7 gful/s, blnt, ;LdfGts[t ju{ tyf ;d'bfo, c;St tyf ckfª\utfdf /x]sf JolQmx¿sf nflu ljz]if of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd agfO{ sfo{fGjog u/fpg] .

á ljkb\\ k|efljtnfO{ tTsfn /fxt pknAw u/fpg] .

á ljkb\sf] ;dodf cfd ;~rf/ dfWodsf] e"ldsf;DaGwL cfjZos dfkb08 tf]s]/ sfof{Gjog u/fpg] .

á ljkb\\af6 k|efljt JolQmsf nflu dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] .

á k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txnfO{ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL cfjlws of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/ cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .

á ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfo{df u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf, lglh If]q tyf :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] .

á ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf] If]qdf cGt/f{li6«o, låkIfLo Pjd\ ax'kIfLo ;xfotfsf] PsLs[t clen]v /fVg] .

á ljkb\ k|efljt If]qsf gful/sx¿nfO{ c:yfoL k'g:yf{kgf tyf l;sfO{ s]Gb|sf] lgdf{0fdf :yfoL ;d'bfo Pjd\ :jo+;]js kl/rfng u/fpg] .

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52

á /fxt ;fdu|Lsf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu dfkb08 agfO{ nfu" ug]{ .

á ljkb\ k|efljt If]qdf lkpg] kfgL, nQfsk8f, vfBfGg tyf cf}iflw pkrf/h:tf cTofjZos j:t'sf] k|aGw ug{] .

á ljkb\sf] hf]lvd /x]sf jf ljkb\\ k|efljt If]qdf /x]sf c;';lIft ejgx¿ eTsfpg nufpg] .

á p¢f/ tyf /fxt sfo{sf] k|ult ljj/0f k|flws/0fdf k7fpg] .

á ljkb\df k/L x/fPsf, lau|]sf jf gi6 ePsf sfuhftsf] osLg tYofª\s cBfjlws u/L /fVg nufpg] .

á ljkb\\af6 k|efljt 3/kl/jf/sf] klxrfg, :t/ lgwf{/0f tyf kl/ro–kq ljt/0f

u/fpg] .

b08 ;hfosf] Joj:yf

á s;}n] ljkb\sf] 36gf 36\g ;Sg] u/L nfk/jfxL u/]df jf To:tf] 36gf 36fpg

k|ToIf ;+nUg ePdf To:tf JolQmnfO{ s;'/sf] dfqf cg';f/ kfFr nfv ?k}Fof;Dd

hl/jfgf jf @ jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .

á s;}n] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s'g} sfo{ u/]df To:tf] JolQmnfO{ s;'/sf] dfqf cg';f/

Ps nfv ?k}Fof;Dd hl/jfgf jf ^ dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 Ù

ï s'g} ljkb\sf] 36gf 36\g ;Sg] ckmjfx km}nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ?kdf qf; ;[hgf

u/]df .

ï cg'dlt lnO{ jf glnO{ ljkb\sf gfddf rGbf, /fxt jf ;xof]u ;Íng u/]df,

cfkm"v'zL ljt/0f u/]df jf JolQmut nfedf k|of]u u/]df .

ï ljkb\sf] ;dodf ck|fs[lts ?kdf ahf/ d"No j[l4 u/]df jf s[lqd cefj

l;h{gf u/]df jf u'0f:t/xLg j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] sf/f]af/ u/]df .

á pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;f] pkbjmf adf]lhdsf] s;'/

u/]s} sf/0f s;}sf] Hofg uPdf, cËeË ePdf jf rf]6k6s nfu]df To:tf sfo{

ug{] JolQmnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 .

á /fxt ;fdu|L ljt/0fdf cj/f]w u/]df jf /fxt ;fdu|Lsf] b'¿kof]u u/]df o;

P]gadf]lhd s;'/ 7xl/g] 5 / krf; xhf/;Dd hl/jfgf x'g]5 .

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53

o;}u/L bkmf @! Nf] ljleGg lgsfon] ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf nflu ug'{kg{] ;xof]usf] af/]df

Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 eg] bkmf #( n] /fxt ;fdu|Lsf] nflu Go"gtd\ dfkb08 tf]Sg] Joj:yf

u/]sf] 5 .

ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf Joj:yfkg P]g, @)&$ / k|fs[lts k|sf]k P]g, @)#(

k|fs[lts k|sf]k P]g, @)#( n] d'VotM k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf kLl8tx¿sf nflu /fxt

ljt/0fsf] Joj:ygkgdf Wofg k'¥ofPsf] 5 . o; P]gn] /fxt ljt/0fsf sfo{ ug{ /

o:tf sfo{x¿ ;+rfng ug{sf nflu sfo{;ldltx¿sf] :yfkgfsf] If]qdf Wofgfsif{0f

u/]sf] 5 . t/ o;nfO{ @)&$ sf] gofF ljkb\ Joj:yfkg P]g;Fu t'ngf ubf{ k|fs[lts

k|sf]k P]gn] /fxt ljt/0fdf olt w]/} Wofg lbPsf] eP tfklg ;f] P]gn] /fxtdf lbOg]

;fdu|Lsf] u'0f:t/ tf]s]sf] lyPg h;sf sf/0f @)&@ sf] e"sDk / t/fO{df uPsf] af9L

tyf sflnsf]6df k/]sf] ef]sd/L ljt/0f ePsf] ;fdu|Lx¿df lgs} w]/} dfqfdf cvfB

j:t' e]l6of] . kLl8tx¿nfO{ p4f/sf lglDt lbOPsf] /fxt ;fdu|Ln] emg\ w]/} ljkb\sf]

>[hgf ePsf] b]lvof] . o; ;d:ofnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ljkb\ Joj:yfkg P]gsf] bkmf

!$-3_ df /fxt ;fdu|Lsf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu dfkb08 agfO{ nfu" ug]{, u/fpg]sf ;fy}

bkmf #( n] /fxtsf] Go"gtd dfkb08 ;DaGwL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

o;/L b'j} P]gnfO{ t'ngf ubf{ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg P]gn] u}/–k|fs[lts ljkb\nfO{ ;dfj]z

ub}{ k|fs[lts k|sf]k P]gn] eGbf 7"nf] sfo{If]q ;d]6]sf] 5 .

sfof{Gjog kIfx¿

á ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf nflu Ps k|flws/0fsf] :yfkgf dxTjk"0f{ 5 . o; P]gsf] bkmf

!) df ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL lqmofsnfksf] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;~rfng tyf

Joj:yfkg ug{sf] nflu dGqfno cGtu{t Ps /fli6«o ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf

Joj:yfkg k|flws/0fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . tyflk o:tf k|flws/0fx¿ xfnsf]

/fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f h:tf] /fhg}lts / sd{rf/LtGqaf6 k|efljt x'g'x'Fb}g .

á ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;|f]tx¿af6 cfPsf] sf]if kf/blz{tfsf] ljifo

x'g'kb{5 .

á o:tf sf]ifx¿sf] pkof]u ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf nflu dfq x'g'kb{5 .

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54

á kLl8tsf] ph'/L ;'g]/ To:nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ Pp6f 5'§} lgsfosf] :yfkgf ug'{kb{5 .

o;n] ljkb\df k/]sf kLl8tx¿sf] cg'ejsf] cfwf/df pgLx¿nfO{ rflxP cg';f/sf]

p4f/ tyf d2tsf] ;'lglZrt ub{5 .

á ljleGg k|sf/sf ljkb\x¿n] kfg]{ c;/, xfgL / IfltnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ ljkb\sf]

jlu{s/0f ug'{kb{5 . o;n] /fxt ljt/0f sfo{sf ;fy} /fli6«o / k|b]z:t/sf

;ldltx¿sf] sfo{ ;~rfngdf d2t ub{5 .

á ljkb\sf] Joj:yfkg / ;~rfngdf ;/sf/L / u}/–;/sf/L If]qsf] Jofks ;dGjo

/ ;xsfo{sf] Joj:yfkg ug'{ h?/L 5 .

hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ul/g'kg]{ sfo{

á :yfgLo :t/d} tTsfn /fxt tyf p4f/ 6f]nL u7g u/L pgLx?nfO{ ;a} ;Lkx?n]

k"0f{ agfpFb} n}hfg'sf] ;fy} cfjZos ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{ .

á :yfgLo:t/df ePsf ;|f]t / ;fwgnfO{ kl/rflnt ul/g'kg]{ / :yfgLo JolQmx?nfO{

k|jlns/0f ub}{ n}hfg ;lsPsf] v08df w]/} xb;Dd hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f x'g ;Sg]

ljifotkm{ Wofg s]lGb|t x'g'kg]{ .

á k"j{–tof/L eg]sf] s] xf], k"j{–tof/Ldf s]–s] s'/f kb{5g\, k"j{–tof/L ubf{ s] kmfObf

x'G5, ljkb\sf] a]nfdf vfBsf] Joj:yf s;/L / sxfFaf6 ug]{, p4f/sdL{ sf] x'g

;S5g\ / pgLx?nfO{ s;/L va/ ug]{, p4f/sf nflu bIf hgzlQm s;/L

h'6fpg], bIf hgzlQm eg]sf] s] xf] / cf}iflw tyf PDa'n]G;sf] nflu sxfF va/

ug]{ eGg] nufot dxŒjk"0f{ ljifodf hfgsf/L lbOg'kg]{ .

á /fhgLlts bn, gful/s ;dfh, u}/–;/sf/L ;+3–;+:yf tyf ;d'bfosf] ;xof]u

kLl8td"vL x'g'kg]{ .

á cj:yf / kl/l:ylt cg';f/ ljkb\af6 pTkGg hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug]{ ljBdfg

tf}/tl/sf / l;sfOdf kl/jt{g ub}{ n}hfg'kg]{ .

á ejg lgdf{0f ubf{ dfkb08 d'tfljs lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ / ;s];Dd v'Nnf :yfgsf] ;d]t

Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ .

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55

á ljz]ifu/L g]kfn w]/} k|sf]ksf] hf]lvd -e"sDk, af9L, klx/f], cfuhgL, 7"nf

dxfdf/L_ df /x]sf sf/0f / g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yf ljs6 tyf sltko

:yfgdf s'g} klg ;jf/L ;fwg k'¥ofpg s7Lg x'g] ePsfn] ;d]t o:tf :yfgx?df

x]lnKof8sf] Joj:yf ug'{sf ;fy} tof/L cj:yfdf x]lnsf]K6/sf] Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{

tyf cfjZos d]l;g, cf}hf/ nufot bIf hgzlQmsf] plrt Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{ .

á ;8s af6f] tyf xjfO{ ;'ljwf ;d]t x'g g;s]sf] :yfgdf :yfgLo:t/d} ePsf ;|f]t

/ ;fwgnfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ nIo lnO{ ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] plrt kl/rfng ug{ tof/L

cj:yf /fvL :yfgLo:t/d} bIf hgzlQmsf] pTkfbg ub}{ n}hfg'kg]{ .

á ljkb\ Joj:yfkg tyf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL hfgsf/L ;lxtsf] kf7\oqmdsf]

ljsf; u/L ljBfnodf cWofkg u/fpg'kg]{ .

á /fHon] ljutaf6 w]/} s'/f l;ls k'gM e}k/L cfpg ;Sg] vt/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL

;dGjo, ;+of]hg / ;+rf/nfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg'kg]{ .

á 7fpF–7fpFdf ljkb\ ;+s]t cfsl:ds ;"rgf k|bfg ug]{ d]l;gx? h8fg ug'{kg]{ .

á ljkb\sf] a]nf x'g] sfnf] ahf/L lgoGq0fsf nflu ;d'bfonfO{ kx/]bf/Ldf ;zQm

agfpFb} n}hfpg'kg]{ .

á j}1flgs 9ª\un] ;'/lIft :yfgdf j:tL ljsf; ub}{ n}hfg'kg]{ .

á cfjZostf cg';f/ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL gLlt lgodx?nfO{ kl/jt{g / ;'wf/

u/L kLl8td}qL agfpFb} n}hfg'kg]{ .

á cfsl:ds g]t[Tjsf] ljsf; tyf j}slNks phf{sf] ljsf; ub}{ n}hfg'kg]{ .

á ljkb\sf] a]nf ;/;kmfO{ / z'4 vfg]kfgLsf] cefjn] 7"nf–7"nf dxfdf/L /f]ux?

km}ng] x'gfn] To:tf ljkb\sf] a]nf z'4 vfg] kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{sf] plrt k|aGw

ug{ ljz]if cleofg ;+rfng u/L cfjZos ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] k"j{–tof/L ul/g'kg]{ .

á ljkb\sf a]nf ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ ljifo ;+rf/ ePsf] x'Fbf ;+rf/sf dfWodx?nfO{

h:tf] ;'s} ljkb\df klg sfdofjL agfO/fVg plrt Joj:yf ug{ cljnDa yfngL

ug'{kg]{ .

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56

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L

á ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf Joj:yfkg P]g, @)&$ / k|fs[lts k|sf]k P]g, @)#(

á g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@

á OGx'/]8 OG6/g]zgnåf/f k|sflzt ljkb\;DaGwL ljleGg kf]:6/ / tflnd lgb]{lzsf

á ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL /]8qm;åf/f tof/ kfl/Psf ljleGg k|sfzgx?

á ljkb\;DaGwL lj1x?åf/f n]lvPsf n]v÷/rgf / ;Gb{e ;fdu|Lx?

á ljleGg ;+rf/ dfWdodf cfPsf ;"rgf tyf ;dfrf/x?

á ;z:q k|x/L lg/LIfs t]h/fh zdf{åf/f tof/ kfl/Psf] tflnd lgb]{lzsf

á 5fkf tyf ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWodx?

49