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AIRCRAFT SIGNALSNATOPS MANUAL

1 DECEMBER 20011 (Reverse Blank)

NAVAIR 00-80T-113

THIS PUBLICATION SUPERSEDES NAVAIR 00-80T-113DATED 1 OCTOBER 1997.

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C — Distribution authorized to U.S. Government Agencies and their contractorsto protect publications required for official use or for administrative or operational purposes only (1 January1991). Other requests for this document shall be referred to Commanding Officer, Naval Air Technical Data andEngineering Service Command, Naval Aviation Depot North Island, Bldg. 90, Distribution, P.O. Box 357031,San Diego, CA 92135-7031.

DESTRUCTION NOTICE — For unclassified, limited documents, destroy by any method that will prevent

disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document.

ISSUED BY AUTHORITY OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS ANDUNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE COMMANDER,

NAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMAND.

NAVAIR 00-80T-113

NATEC ELECTRONIC MANUAL

0800LP1020135

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1 December 2001

LETTER OF PROMULGATION

1. The Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS) Program is a posi-

tive approach toward improving combat readiness and achieving a substantial reduction in the

aircraft mishap rate. Standardization, based on professional knowledge and experience, provides

the basis for development of an efficient and sound operational procedure. The standardization

program is not planned to stifle individual initiative, but rather to aid the commanding officer in

increasing the unit’s combat potential without reducing command prestige or responsibility.

2. This manual standardizes ground and flight procedures but does not include tactical doctrine.Compliance with the stipulated manual requirements and procedures is mandatory except as

authorized herein. In order to remain effective, NATOPS must be dynamic and stimulate rather

than suppress individual thinking. Since aviation is a continuing, progressive profession, it is

both desirable and necessary that new ideas and new techniques be expeditiously evaluated and

incorporated if proven to be sound. To this end, commanding officers of aviation units are autho-

rized to modify procedures contained herein, in accordance with the waiver provisions estab-

lished by OPNAVINST 3710.7, for the purpose of assessing new ideas prior to initiating recom-

mendations for permanent changes. This manual is prepared and kept current by the users in order

to achieve maximum readiness and safety in the most efficient and economical manner. Should

conflict exist between the training and operating procedures found in this manual and those found

in other publications, this manual will govern.

3. Checklists and other pertinent extracts from this publication necessary to normal operations and

training should be made and carried for use in naval aircraft.

J.B NATHMAN

Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy

Director, Air Warfare

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INTERIM CHANGE SUMMARY

The following Interim Changes have been cancelled or previously incorporated into this manual.

INTERIMCHANGE

NUMBER(S) REMARKS/PURPOSE

The following Interim Changes have been incorporated into this Change/Revision.

INTERIMCHANGE

NUMBER(S) REMARKS/PURPOSE

Interim Changes Outstanding — To be maintained by the custodian of this manual.

INTERIMCHANGENUMBER

ORIGINATOR/DATE(or DATE/TIME GROUP)

PAGESAFFECTED REMARKS/PURPOSE

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PAAUZYUW RULSABU1234 1212007-UUUU--RHMCSUU.ZNR UUUUUP 012007Z MAY 03 ZYBFM COMNAVAIRSYSCOM PATUXENT RIVER MD//4.0P//TO COMNAVAIRFOR SAN DIEGO CA//N8//COMNAVAIRPAC SAN DIEGO CA//N73/N8//COMNAVAIRLANT NORFOLK VA//N73/NR83S//

COMNAVAIRESFOR NEW ORLEANS LA//N53//CMC WASHINGTON DC//SD//COMMARFORLANT//DSS//COMMARFORPAC//SAFETY//CG FOURTH MAW//DOSS//COMNAVAIRSYSCOM PATUXENT RIVER MD//5.0F/PMA251F//CNATRA CORPUS CHRISTI TX//N3//

ALCVLANT ALCVPACPRECOMUNIT RONALD REAGANINFO CNO WASHINGTON DC//N789J//COMNAVAIRSYSCOM PATUXENT RIVER MD//4.0P//COMNAVSAFECEN NORFOLK VA//11/114//

NAVSURVTRAINST PENSACOLA FL//025// NAVAIRDEPOT JACKSONVILLE FL//3.3.3//BTUNCLAS //N13034//

MSGID/GENADMIN/COMNAVAIRSYSCOM/4.0P//SUBJ/INTERIM CHANGES TO AIRCRAFT SIGNALS NATOPS MANUAL AND/CV FLIGHT AND HANGAR DECK NATOPS MANUAL//REF/A/DOC/NAVAIR 00-80T-113/01DEC2001//REF/B/DOC/NAVAIR 00-80T-120/01APR2001//

NARR/REF A IS AIRCRAFT SIGNALS NATOPS MANUAL.REF B IS CV FLIGHT AND HANGAR DECK MANUAL.//RMKS/1. THIS IS INTERIM CHANGE NUMBER 1 TO REF A (ACFT SIGS NM), ANDINTERIM CHANGE NUMBER 3 TO REF B (CV FLT/HGR DECK NM). PEN AND INKENTRIES ARE AUTHORIZED FOR NATOPS PUBLICATIONS. REQUEST ALL NATOPS

ADVISORY GROUP MEMBERS READDRESS THIS MSG TO THEIR SUBORDINATECOMMANDS.2. SUMMARY. ADDS HAND SIGNAL FOR CROSSING THE CV LANDING AREA WHILERECOVERING AIRCRAFT IN REFS A AND B.3. CHANGE REF A (ACFT SIGS NM) AS FOLLOWS:

A. CHAPTER 4, PAGE 4-2, PARAGRAPH 4.1.2 LANDING SIGNALS, AFTER "8. WIRE RETRACT":(1) DELETE: NA(2) ADD:

9. CROSSING LANDING AREA.B. CHAPTER 4, PAGE 4-17, FIGURE 4-2, LANDING SIGNALS (SHEET 3 0F 3):

(1) DELETE: NA(2) ADD NEW SIGNAL:

9. CROSSING LANDING AREA.FROM: ARRESTING GEAR OFFICERTO: PERSON(S) TO CROSSEXECUTION: DAY: POINT HAND AT PERSON(S) TO CROSS, THEN

SWING ARM IN A HORIZONTAL MOTION TOPOINT TO OTHER SIDE OF LANDING AREA.

NIGHT: SAME, POINTING WITH RED WAND.(3) A PAGE CONTAINING THIS SIGNAL WITH ILLUSTRATION FOR

DOWNLOADING AND INSERTION INTO THE MANUAL WILL BE ATTACHED TOTHE COPY OF THIS INTERIM CHANGE MSG POSTED ON THE NATEC

NAVAIR 012007Z MAY03 Page 1 of 2 00-80T-120 IC 3

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WEBSITE. SEE PARAGRAPH 6 BELOW.4. CHANGE REF B (CV FLT/HGR DECK NM), CHAPTER 5, PAGE 5-2,PARAGRAPH 5.1.2 TOPSIDE, SPECIAL SAFETY PRECAUTION 9.D, WHICHBEGINS "D. IF THE PATTERN IS CLEAR, HE WILL POINT....", AS FOLLOWS:

A. DELETE PARAGRAPH D, INCLUDING WARNING.B. ADD (REPLACE WITH):

D. IF PATTERN IS CLEAR, THE ARRESTING GEAR OFFICER WILL POINT AT

THE INDIVIDUAL AND THEN SWING ARM IN A HORIZONTAL MOTIONTO POINT TO THE OTHER SIDE OF THE LANDING AREA. A RED WAND

WILL BE USED TO POINT WITH AT NIGHT.5. POINTS OF CONTACT:

A. CNAL ACFT SIGS NM AND CV FLT/HGR DECK NM NATOPS PROGRAM MANAGER, N73, CDR MICHAEL YOAST, TEL DSN 564-8813 OR COMM (757) 444-8813,EMAIL [email protected].

B. AIR-4.0P NATOPS CHIEF ENGINEER, KRISTIN SWIFT,TEL DSN 995-4193 OR COMM (301) 995-4193,EMAIL [email protected].

6. THIS MSG WILL BE POSTED ON THE NATEC WEBSITE, WWW.NATEC.NAVY.MIL, WITHIN 15 DAYS OF RELEASE. NEW NATOPS IC MSGS MAY BE FOUND IN TWOPLACES ON THIS WEBSITE; (1) IN THE NATOPS IC DATABASE FOUND UNDER

THE TMAPS OPTION, AND (2) IN THE AFFECTED PUBLICATION(S) JUST AFTERTHE INTERIM CHANGE SUMMARY PAGE. THEY ARE NORMALLY POSTED IN THEDATABASE BEFORE APPEARING IN THE PUBLICATION. IF UNABLE TO VIEWTHIS MESSAGE ON THE NATEC WEBSITE, INFORM THE NAVAIR AIRWORTHINESSCUSTOMER SUPPORT TEAM AT DSN 757-0187, COMM (301)757-0187, OR EMAIL

[email protected].//BT#1234

NNNN

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Summary of Applicable Technical Directives

Information relating to the following recent technical directives has been incorporated into this manual.

CHANGENUMBER DESCRIPTIONDATE INC.IN MANUAL VISUAL IDENTIFICATION

Information relating to the following applicable technical directives will be incorporated in a future change.

CHANGE

NUMBERDESCRIPTION

DATE INC.

IN MANUALVISUAL IDENTIFICATION

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RECORD OF CHANGES

Change No. andDate of Change Date ofEntry Page Count Verified by(Signature)

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Aircraft Signals NATOPS Manual

CONTENTS

Page No.

CHAPTER 1 — COMMUNICATIONS

1.1 COMMUNICATIONS DOCTRINE 1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2 SIGNALS CONTAINED IN OTHER PUBLICATIONS 1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2.1 NWP 3-50.1, Search and Rescue (SAR) Manual 1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2.2 NWP 3-04.1M Shipboard Helicopter Operation 1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2.3 OPNAVINST 3710.7, NATOPS Manual 1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.3 SIGNALS CONTAINED IN THIS PUBLICATION 1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 2 — GENERAL AIRCRAFT HANDLING SIGNALS

2.1 GENERAL AIRCRAFT HANDLING SIGNALS 2-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 3 — HELICOPTER HANDLING SIGNALS

3.1 HELICOPTER OPERATION LIGHT SIGNALS 3-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 4 — CARRIER FLIGHT DECK HANDLING SIGNALS

4.1 SCOPE 4-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.1.1 Launching Signals 4-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.1.2 Landing Signals 4-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.1.3 Handling Signals 4-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.1.4 Refueling Signals 4-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.1.5 Aircraft Elevator Signals 4-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 5 — AIRCRAFT ARMING AND SAFING SIGNALS

5.1 ARMING AND SAFING SIGNALS 5-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 6 — DISTRESS AND EMERGENCY SIGNALS

6.1 INTRODUCTION 6-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.2 INTERNATIONAL DISTRESS SIGNALS 6-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Page No.

6.3 PYROTECHNIC LIGHT SIGNALS 6-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.4 PYROTECHNIC SMOKE SIGNALS 6-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.5 MISCELLANEOUS EMERGENCY SIGNALS 6-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.5.1 Visual 6-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.5.2 Radar 6-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.5.3 Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon Signals 6-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 7 — SIGNALING PROCEDURES FOR TACTICAL AIR TRANSPORTOPERATIONS

7.1 PURPOSE 7-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.2 SECURITY (VISUAL) SIGNALS 7-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES AND SIGNALS 7-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.3.1 Emergency Signals 7-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.4 IN-FLIGHT SIGNAL LIGHT PROCEDURES 7-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 8 — AIRFIELD ARRESTING GEAR HANDLING SIGNALS

8.1 PURPOSE 8-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Page No.

CHAPTER 1 — COMMUNICATIONS

Figure 1-1. Flight Signals Between Aircraft 1-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 1-2. Night Tactical Signals Between Aircraft 1-12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 1-3. Supplementary Signals for Helicopters 1-13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 1-4. Aircraft Formation Maneuvering Signals 1-14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 1-5. RESCAP Signals 1-14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 1-6. Signals Between Aircraft and Nonaviation Ships 1-14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 1-7. Visual Signals to Ship From Fixed-Wing Aircraft With Radio Failure 1-15. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 1-8. Visual Signals to Ship From Helicopters With Radio Failure 1-15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 1-9. Visual Signals to Aircraft From Ship Under EMCON or Lost

Communications Conditions 1-16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 1-10. Airport Traffic Control Light Signals 1-17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 2 — GENERAL AIRCRAFT HANDLING SIGNALS

Figure 2-1. General Aircraft Handling Signals 2-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 3 — HELICOPTER HANDLING SIGNALS

Figure 3-1. Rotating Beacon/Aldis Lamp Signals for Helicopter Operations 3-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 3-2. Flight Operation Signals to Helicopters in Starboard Holding (CV/CVN) 3-2. . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 3-3. Helicopter Handling Signals 3-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 4 — CARRIER FLIGHT DECK HANDLING SIGNALS

Figure 4-1. Launching Signals 4-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 4-2. Landing Signals 4-15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 4-3. Flight Deck Aircraft Handling Signals 4-18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 4-4. Refueling Hand Signals 4-20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 4-5. Aircraft Elevator Signals 4-21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 5 — AIRCRAFT ARMING AND SAFING SIGNALS

Figure 5-1. Arming Signals 5-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 5-2. Safing Signals 5-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Page No.

CHAPTER 6 — DISTRESS AND EMERGENCY SIGNALS

Figure 6-1. Ground-Air Visual Signal Code for Use by Survivors 6-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 6-2. Ground-Air Visual Signal Code for Use by Rescuers 6-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 6-3. Body Signals 6-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 6-4. Panel Signals 6-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 6-5. Standard Aircraft Acknowledgement 6-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 7 — SIGNALING PROCEDURES FOR TACTICAL AIR TRANSPORTOPERATIONS

Figure 7-1. Security (Visual) Signals 7-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 7-2. Warning Signals and Signals of Execution 7-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 8 — AIRFIELD ARRESTING GEAR HANDLING SIGNALS

Figure 8-1. Airfield Arresting Gear Handling Signals 8-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS

A

AAW. Antiair Warfare.

ACP. Allied Communication Publication.

ADRL. Automatic Distribution Requirements List.

C

CNO. Chief of Naval Operations.

COD. Carrier Onboard Delivery.

H

HG. High frequency.

HFR. Helicopter In-flight Refueling.

I

IFF. Identification Friend or Foe.

J

JANAP. Joint Army, Navy, Air Forces Publications.

L

LSE. Landing Signal Enlisted.

N

NATO. North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

NATOPS. Naval Air Training and Operations

Procedures Standardization.

NAVAIRTECHSERVFAC. Naval Air Technical

Services Facility.

NPFC. Navy Publication and Forms Center.

NTP. Naval Telecommunication Publications; Naval

Tactical Publications.

NWP. Naval Warfare Publication.

S

SAR. Search And Rescue.

SEATO. Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.

SIF. Selective Identification Feature.

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PREFACE

SCOPE

The NATOPS Flight Manual is issued by the

authority of the Chief of Naval Operations and under thedirection of Commander, Naval Air Systems Command

in conjunction with the Naval Air Training and

Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS) Pro-

gram. This manual contains information on all aircraft

systems, performance data, and operating procedures

required for safe and effective operations. However, it

is not a substitute for sound judgment. Compound

emergencies, available facilities, adverse weather or

terrain, or considerations affecting the lives and

property of others may require modification of the

procedures contained herein. Read this manual from

cover to cover. It is your responsibility to have acomplete knowledge of its contents.

HOW TO GET COPIES

One-Time Orders

If this publication is needed on a one-time basis

(without future updates), order it from stock by sending

an electronic DD 1348 requisition in accordance with

NAVSUP Publication 2002D.

Automatic Distribution (with Updates)

This publication and changes to it are automatically

sent to activities that are established on the Automatic

Distribution Requirements List (ADRL) maintained by

Naval Air Technical Data and Engineering Service

Command, in San Diego, CA. If there is continuing

need for this publication, each activity’s Central

Technical Publication Librarian must send a revised

ADRL report on floppy disk to Naval Air Technical

Data and Engineering Service Command. If an activity

does not have a library, send a letter to theCommanding Officer, Naval Air Technical Data and

Engineering Service Command, Naval Aviation Depot

North Island, Bldg. 90, Code 3.3A, P.O. Box 357031,

San Diego, CA 92135-7031, requesting assignments of a distribution account number (if necessary) and

automatic mailing of future issues of the publications

needed.

Note

The ADRL floppy disk can be used only to

place an activity on the mailing list for

automatic distribution of future issues of the

publication. It cannot be used to make

one-time orders of publications from current

stock. To get publications from current

stock, see One-Time Orders above.

Once established on automatic distribution for this

or any other NAVAIR technical publication, an activity

must submit an ADRL report on floppy disk at least

once every 12 months to update or confirm their

automatic distribution requirements.

Note

Activities not submitting an ADRL report

on floppy disk for more than 12 months may

be dropped from distribution of all NAVAIR

technical publications.

UPDATING THE MANUAL

To ensure that the manual contains the latest

procedures and information, NATOPS review confer-

ences are held in accordance with OPNAVINST 3710.7

series.

CHANGE RECOMMENDATIONS

Recommended changes to this manual or other

NATOPS publications may be submitted by anyone inaccordance with OPNAVINST 3710.7 series.

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Routine change recommendations are submitted

directly to the Model Manager on OPNAV Form 3710/6

(4-90) shown herein. The address of the Model

Manager of this aircraft is:

Aircraft Handling Team

Attn: LCDR Roy Harrison (Code N73A)1279 Franklin Street

NAS Norfolk, VA 23511–2494

Email address: [email protected]

Change recommendations of an URGENT nature

(safety of flight, etc.), should be submitted directly to

the NATOPS Advisory Group Member in the chain of

command by priority message.

YOUR RESPONSIBILITY

NATOPS Flight Manuals are kept current through

an active manual change program. Any corrections,

additions, or constructive suggestions for improvement

of its content should be submitted by routine or urgent

change recommendation, as appropriate at once.

NATOPS FLIGHT MANUAL INTERIM CHANGES

Flight Manual Interim Changes are changes or

corrections to the NATOPS Flight Manuals promul-

gated by CNO or NAVAIRSYSCOM. Interim Changes

are issued either as printed pages, or as a naval message.

The Interim Change Summary page is provided as a

record of all interim changes. Upon receipt of a change

or revision, the custodian of the manual should check

the updated Interim Change Summary to ascertain that

all outstanding interim changes have been either

incorporated or canceled; those not incorporated shall

be recorded as outstanding in the section provided.

CHANGE SYMBOLS

Revised text is indicated by a black vertical line in

either margin of the page, like the one printed next to

this paragraph. The change symbol shows where therehas been a change. The change might be material added

or information restated. A change symbol in the margin

by the chapter number and title indicates a new or

completely revised chapter.

WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES

The following definitions apply to WARNINGs,

CAUTIONs, and Notes found throughout the manual.

An operating procedure, practice, or condi-

tion, etc., that may result in injury or death,

if not carefully observed or followed.

CAUTION

An operating procedure, practice, or condi-tion, etc., that may result in damage to

equipment, if not carefully observed or

followed.

Note

An operating procedure, practice, or condi-

tion, etc., that is essential to emphasize.

WORDING

The concept of word usage and intended meaningadhered to in preparing this Manual is as follows:

1. Shall has been used only when application of a

procedure is mandatory.

2. Should has been used only when application of a

procedure is recommended.

3. May and need not have been used only when

application of a procedure is optional.

4. Will has been used only to indicate futurity, never

to indicate any degree of requirement for applica-

tion of a procedure.

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CHAPTER 1

Communications

1.1 COMMUNICATIONS DOCTRINE

NWP 6-01, Basic Operational Communications

Doctrine (U), provides the basic communications

doctrine for naval air operations. Other applicable

publications include the following:

1. NTP 4, Fleet Communications

2. ACP 165, Operational Brevity Codes

3. NWP 3-07.12, Naval Control and Protection of

Shipping

4. NWP 3-01.01, Antiair Warfare (U)

5. NWP 3-13.1.13, Electronic Warfare Coordination

(U)

6. NWP 3-50.1, Naval Search and Rescue (SAR)

Manual

7. ATP 27, Offensive Air Support Operations

8. ATP 1, Vol. II, Allied Maritime Tactical Signaland Maneuvering Book

9. APP 1, Allied Maritime Voice Reporting

Procedures.

Various other ACPs, DCNs, NTPs, JANAPs, and

tactical warfare publications provide additional com-

munication, doctrine, and procedures applicable to

aircraft. A list of instructions pertaining to air opera-tions, including communications, is included in

NATOPS Manual — General Flight and Operating

Instructions, OPNAVINST 3710.7.

Commanding officers, pilots, and all personnel

concerned with the operation of the aircraft must be

familiar with the doctrine set forth in these publications

and effective fleet and task force instructions.

1.2 SIGNALS CONTAINED IN OTHERPUBLICATIONS

1.2.1 NWP 3-50.1, Search and Rescue (SAR)Manual

1. Body signals for downed airmen

2. Panel signals for downed airmen

3. Aircraft acknowledgment signals

4. International ground-air emergency code

5. Signal codes for ground search parties.

1.2.2 NWP 3-04.1M Shipboard HelicopterOperation

1. General aircraft handling signals

2. Helicopter handling signals.

1.2.3 OPNAVINST 3710.7, NATOPS Manual —

General Flight and Operating Instructions.This manual contains air station control tower signals.

1.3 SIGNALS CONTAINED IN THISPUBLICATION

1. Flight signals between aircraft — Figure 1-1

2. Night tactical signals between aircraft —

Figure 1-2

3. Supplementary signals for helicopters —Figure 1-3

4. Aircraft formation maneuvering signals —

Figure 1-4

5. RESCAP signals — Figure 1-5

6. Signals between aircraft and nonaviation ships —

Figure 1-6

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7. Visual signals to ship, from fixed-wing aircraft

with radio failure — Figure 1-7

8. Visual signals to ship, from helicopters with radio

failure — Figure 1-8

9. Visual signals to aircraft, from ship underEMCON or lost communications conditions —

Figure 1-9

10. Airport traffic control light signals — Figure 1-10

11. General aircraft handling signals — Chapter 2

12. Helicopter handling signals — Chapter 3

13. Carrier flight deck handling signals — Chapter 4

14. Aircraft arming and safing signals — Chapter 5

15. Search and rescue distress and emergency signals

— Chapter 6

16. Signaling procedures for tactical air transport

operations — Chapter 7

17. Airfield arresting gear handling signals —

Chapter 8.

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I. GENERAL CONVERSATION

Signal Meaning Response

1. Thumb up, or nod of head. Affirmative (I understand).

2. Thumb down, or turn head from

side to side.

Negative (I do not know).

3. Hand cupped behind ear as iflistening.

Question (repeat). Used inconjunction with another signal,this gesture indicates that thesignal is interrogatory.

As appropriate.

4. Hand held up with palm outward. Wait.

5. Hand waved in an erasing motionin front of face, with palm turnedforward.

Ignore last signal.

6. Hand held up, with thumb andforefinger forming an “O” and

remaining three fingers extended.

Perfect, well done.

7. Forearm vertical, fingersextended to indicate desirednumber from 1 through 5.Forearm horizontal, fingersextended to indicate numberwhich, added to 5 gives desirednumber from 6 through 9. Aclenched fist indicates zero.

Numerals, as indicated. A nod of the head (I understand).To verify numerals, addresseerepeats. If originator nods,interpretation is correct. Iforiginator repeats numerals,addressee continues to verifythem until they are understood.

8. Arms bent across forehead,weeping.

I am in trouble; followed bylanding signal indicates forcedlanding.

Carry out squadron doctrine toescort for disabled planes.

9. Clenched fist banged twiceagainst canopy, followed bypointing index finger upward.

Eject. Used in two-place jetaircraft as signal between pilotand crewman.

10. Both clenched fists pulleddownward across the face tosimulate pulling the face curtain.

Eject or bailing out.

Figure 1-1. Flight Signals Between Aircraft (Sheet 1 of 9)

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II. TAKEOFF, FORMATION, BREAKUP, LANDING

SIGNAL MEANING RESPONSE

1. Section takeoff leader raisesarm overhead and waits forresponse from wingman.

I have completed my takeoffchecklist and am, in all respects,ready for takeoff.

Wingman gives thumbs up,indicating checklist complete andready, in all respects, for takeoff,then lowers arm and stands by forimmediate section takeoff.

2. Section takeoff leaderslowers arm.

Takeoff path is clear; I amcommencing takeoff.

Wingman executes section takeoff.

3. Open hand held verticallyand moved forward orbackward.

Adjust wing position forward or aft. Wingman moves in directionindicated.

4. Open hand held horizontallyand moved slowly up ordown.

Adjust wing position up or down. Wingman moves up or down asindicated.

5. Open hand used as if

beckoning inboard orpushing outboard.

Adjust wing position laterally toward

or away from leader.

Wingman moves in direction

indicated.

6. Hand opened flat and palmdown, simulating dive orclimb.

I am going to dive or climb. Prepare to execute.

7. Hand moved horizontallyover crash pad aboveinstrument panel.

Leveling off. Execute.

8. Thumb waved backwardover the shoulder

Take cruising formation. Execute.

9. Head moved backward. Slow down. Execute.

10. Head moved forward. Speed up. Execute.

11. Head moved right or left. I am turning right or left. Prepare to execute.

12. Leader pats self on head,points to wingman.

Leader shifting lead to wingman. Wingman pats head and assumeslead.

Figure 1-1. Flight Signals Between Aircraft (Sheet 2)

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II. TAKEOFF, FORMATION, BREAKUP, LANDING (Cont.)


13. Leader pats self on head,points to wingman and holdsup two or more fingers.

Leader shifting lead to divisiondesignated by numerals.

Wingman relays signal; divisionleader designated assumes lead.

14. Leader shines flashlight onhardhat, then shines light onwingman.

Wingman takes the lead. Wingman shines flashlight atleader, then on his hardhat. Turnsexternal light to DIM and STEADYand assumes lead.

15. Any pilot blows kiss. I am leaving formation. Nod (I understand).

16. Leader blows kiss and pointsto aircraft.

Aircraft pointed out leave formation. Execute.

17. Leader beckons wing plane,then points to eye, then tovessel or object.

Directs plane to investigate objector vessel.

Wingman indicated blows kiss andexecutes.

18. Division leader holds up twofingers preparatory tobreaking off.

Section breaking off. Wingman relays signal.

19. Leader rocks wings (notapplicable to highperformance jets).

Break up. Repeat signal and execute.

20. Landing motion with openhand:

a. Pat head.

b. Points to another aircraft.

Refers to landing of aircraft,generally used in conjunctionwith another signal.

a. I am landing.

b. Directs indicated aircraft to land.

Alternate signal — Lower gear.

a. Execute.

b. Execute.

21. Flashing external l ights. a. Join up or break up, asappropriate.

b. On GCA/CCA final; leader hasrunway/ship in sight.

a. Comply.

b. Wingman continues approach inaccordance with standardoperating procedures.


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III. ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS


1. Tap oxygen mask, followedby question signal.

What radio are you using? Tap oxygen mask, followed by a

1. UHF (primary)

2. UHF (secondary)

3. VHF/FM

2. Tap oxygen mask, followedby number 1, 2, or 3.

I am TX on:

1. UHF (primary)

2. UHF (secondary)

3. VHF/FM

Nod head (understand, followed bythumbs up (I am monitoringindicated radio and it is operable) orthumbs down (indicated radio isinoperable).

3. Tap headset and indicate, byfinger numerals, number ofchannel to which shifting.

Shift radio frequency as indicatedby numerals.

Repeat signal and execute.

4. Tap earphones, extendforearm vertically, and rotatefingers formed as if holding agrapefruit, followed by 4numbers.

Manually set up frequencyindicated.

Repeat signal and execute.

5. Tap headset, followed byquestion signal.

What frequency are you on? Indicate frequency by fingernumerals.

6. Tap earphones and point toplane being called, followedby finger numeral indicatingfrequency.

You are being called by radio, onchannel indicated by fingernumerals.

Check receiving frequency andswitch to channel indicated byoriginator.

7. Tap earphones, followed bypatting of head, and pointingto self.

I have taken over communications. Nod (I understand).

8. Tap earphones followed bylead change signal.

Take over communications. Execute.

9. Hand pointed ahead andmoved in a sweeping motion,with four fingers extendedand separated

What is bearing and distance todestination?

Wait signal, or give magneticbearing and distance with fingernumerals. The first three numeralsindicate magnetic bearing and thelast two or three distances.


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III. ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS (Cont.)


10. Arm and hand with 4 fingersextended and separated,moved ahead in sweepingarc, followed by questionsignal.

What bearing to tacan station? Repeat signal and give bearing inthree digits.

11. Arm and hand with 4 fingersextended and separated,moved ahead in a circularmotion, followed by questionsignal.

What is distance to tacan station? Repeat signal and give distance intwo or three digits.

12. Tacan bearing or distancesignal followed by thumbs upor down.

Tacan bearing distance up or down. Thumbs up (I understand).

13. Arm and hand with 4 fingers

extended and separated,moved ahead, followed byfinger numerals indicatingnumber of channel to whichshifting.

Shift tacan channel as indicated by

numerals.

Repeat and execute.

14. Hand held up, moved in foreand aft chopping motion,followed by a thumbs up ordown.

My UHF/DF is up or down. Thumbs up (I understand).

15. Two fingers pointed towardeyes:

a. CUT.

b. 5-digit numerals.

Indicates use of IFF/SIF signals.

a. Turn IFF/SIF to STANDBY.

b. Set mode and code indicated,first numeral indicates mode,second through fifth numeralsindicate code.

Execute.


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IV. AIRCRAFT AND ENGINE OPERATION


1. Raise fist with thumbextended in a drinkingposition.

How much fuel have you? Indicate fuel in hundreds of poundsby finger numbers.*

2. Lower landing gear

a. Rotary movement of handin cockpit as if crankingwheels.

b. Nod head forward.

Prepare to lower landing gear.

Lower landing gear.

Nod head (I understand).

Execute.

3. Leader lowers hook. Lower arresting gear hook. Wingman lowers arresting gearhook. Leader indicates wingman’shook is down with thumb up signal.

4. Open or close flaps.

a. Open or close four fingersand thumb very slowly,once or twice, and leavein flap position desired.


Prepare to open or close flaps.

Open or close flaps.


Execute.

5. Open or close speed brakes.

a. Open or close fourfingers, rapidly andrepeatedly.


Prepare to open or close speedbrakes.

Open or close speed brakes.


Execute.

6. Rotate nozzles.

a. Forearm held vertically

while nodding clenchedfist, followed by numbersignal corresponding toeach 10 of nozzlerotation desired.


Prepare to rotate nozzles.

Rotate nozzles.


Execute.

* See Figure 1-1 (9 of 9) for U.S. Air Force and NATO signals.


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V. EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTION


1. Arm bent across forehead,weeping. At night flash aseries of dots using exteriorlights.

I am having difficulty. Nod head (I understand).Series of flashes (I understand).

2. One finger extended upward.One flash of exterior lights.

Hydraulic trouble. Nod head (I understand).Series of flashes (I understand).

3. Two fingers extendedupward. Two flashes ofexterior lights.

Electrical trouble. Nod head (I understand.Series of flashes (I understand).

4. Three fingers extendedupward. Three flashes ofexterior lights.

Fuel trouble. Nod head (I understand).Series of flashes (I understand).

5. Four fingers extended

upward. Four flashes ofexterior lights.

Oxygen trouble. Nod head (I understand).Series of flashes (I understand).

6. Five fingers extendedupward. Five flashes ofexterior lights.

Engine trouble. Nod head (I understand).Series of flashes (I understand).

7. Tap microphone or earphone,give thumbs up or down, asappropriate.

Radio receiver or transmitterinoperative, as appropriate.

Acknowledge with nod of head.

VI. NAVIGATION


1. Steer heading.

a. Leader with forearm erect,hand open, and fingerstogether, executes achopping motion forward.

b. Wingman gives “QuestionSignal” (1, 3).

c. Wingman nods head.

Course to be steered is present.

What is your compass heading?

Compass heading understood.

Wingman nods head(I understand).

Leader gives compass heading infinger numerals.


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VII. ARMAMENT SIGNALS BETWEEN AIRBORNE AIRCRAFT


1. Gun status

a. Pistol cocking motion with

either hand.b. Question signal (1, 3).

c. Thumbs down.

Arm or safety guns, as applicable.

How much ammo do you have?

I am unable to fire.

Execute and return signal.

Thumb up indicates over half,thumb down indicates less thanhalf. Nod head (I understand).

2. Bomb status.

a. Shaking fist.

b. Question signal (1, 3).

c. Thumbs down.

Arm or safety bombs, asapplicable.

How many bombs do I have?

I am unable to drop.


Indicate with appropriate fingernumerals.


3. Rocket status.a. Shaking hand with fingers

downward.

b. Questions signal (1, 3).

c. Thumbs down.

Arm or safety rockets, asapplicable.

How many rockets to I have?

I am unable to fire.


Indicate with appropriate fingernumerals.


4. Jettison.

Pistol cocking motion witheither hand followed by foreand aft pulling motion with aclenched fist.

Jettison external stores. Repeat signal and execute.


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VIII. NATO AIRCRAFT SIGNALS

Note

The following NATO aircraft signals areincluded here for reference. They are not

in exact consonance with those approvedfor U.S. Navy intraservice use by theChief of Naval Operations.

ALTHOUGH NOT AUTHORIZED FORROUTINE USE BY U.S. NAVALFORCES, THESE SIGNALS MAY BEUSED WHEN OPERATING WITHNATO FORCES

1. Fuel Status.

a. Make drinking motion with closed hand, thumb extended toward mouth.

b. Report estimated flying time remaining: each finger extended indicates 10 minutes; a closed handindicates 1 hour. (Example: Clenched fist and three fingers means 1-1/2 hours.)

2. Airbrakes In or Out.

a. Preparatory signal: Biting motion with hand; fingers and thumb meeting and opening alternately.

b. Execution signal: Nod of head after cessation of preparatory signal.

3. Wheels Up or Down.

a. Preparatory signal: Twisting movement of fist toward the canopy to indicate “up,” and from canopytoward the pilot’s shoulder for “down.”

b. Execution signal: Nod of head after cessation of preparatory signal.

4. Flaps Up or Down.

a. Preparatory signal: Hand flat, fingers forward. Downward motion of hand from wrist to lower flaps —reverse motion to raise flaps.

b. Execution signal: Nod of head after preparatory signal.

Note

Preparatory signals will be given at leasttwice.

The execution signal is to be given whenaircraft in formation are ready to activatethe appropriate system.

When giving finger signals for fuel orHEFOE communications, the thumb isused to indicate digit number two.


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CODE* MEANING

RR

KK

VV

XXOO

NN

WW

SS

HH

MM

II

LL

LONG DASH

Form right echelon

Form left echelon

Balance the formation, form VEE or diamond

Close upOpen up

Negate last signal

Wheels/flaps

Speed brakes

Hook

Radio failure

Break up

Lead change (the lead automatically passes tothe aircraft on the right if there are more than two

aircraft in the formation)

Execute signal

* Night tactical signals between aircraft may be transmitted by useof blinker, flashlight, or aircraft lights. Signals should be repeatedby the aircraft to which directed prior to execution. It should be

noted that all letter signals are given twice, first to attract attention and second for readability.

Note

Night tactical signals between aircraft are covered in individual aircraft NATOPSpublications and are to be adhered to whenever possible. Unusual circumstances,such as might occur during a joint NATO exercise, could result in the use of Morsecode. In such instances, it should be remembered that flashlight and/or aircraftlight signals are easily confused and when used should be as pronounced anddistinctive as possible

Figure 1-2. Night Tactical Signals Between Aircraft

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1. Open hand held horizontally,palm up and moved up in alifting motion.

I am starting to lift, follow asbriefed.

Repeat signal to pass tosubsequent aircraft and toacknowledge, then execute.

2. Series of zooms by lead

aircraft.

Join up; join up on me. (Given from

cruise, column, or scout line.)

Repeat signal to pass to

subsequent aircraft and toacknowledge, then execute.

3. Wing dip. Given from column following join upsignals to indicate section join upon side of dip (heavy side).

Execute.

4. Lead aircraft swishes tail. All aircraft in the formation formstep-up column in tactical order be-hind leader.

Execute. Leader steps downslightly to facilitate formation ofcolumn.

5. Fist moved horizontally aftwith thumb extended(hitch-hike motion).

Take cruise formation. Repeat signal to pass tosubsequent aircraft and toacknowledge, then execute.

6. Open hand held palm downover eyes and head movedin scanning motion.

Form scout line. Repeat signal to pass tosubsequent aircraft and toacknowledge, then execute.

7. Hand held over head andmoved in circular motionforefinger extended (givenfrom echelon only).

Prepare to break up andrendezvous.

Repeat signal to pass tosubsequent aircraft and toacknowledge, then execute asbriefed.

8. Forearm extended verticallywith closed fist (when givento single aircraft).

Single aircraft cross over toopposite side of formation.

Repeat signal to acknowledge andexecute when proper interval isestablished.

9. Forearm extended verticallywith closed fist (when given

to section in balanced paradeor finger-tip formation).

Section move out on bearing toallow interval for crossing aircraft.

Repeat signal to acknowledge andexecute.

10. Forearm extended verticallywith closed fist and movedvertically in pumping motion.

Section cross over to opposite sideof formation.

Repeat signal to acknowledge andexecute.

Figure 1-3. Supplementary Signals for Helicopters

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1. Series of small zooms. Close up. Execute.

2. Series of pronounced zooms. Join up; join up on me. Expedite join up.

3. Lead aircraft swishes tail. All aircraft in this formation formstep-down column in tactical order

behind leader.

Execute. Leader speeds up slightlyto facilitate formation of column.

4. Shaking of ailerons. Execute signal; used as required inconjunction with another signal.

Execute last signal given.

Figure 1-4. Aircraft Formation Maneuvering Signals

SIGNAL MEANING

1. RESCAP flies low over pilot, rocking wings, andestablishes left orbit in area adjacent to downed

pilot.

You have been seen, or affirmative.

2. RESCAP remains in sight of downed pilot. Rescue will be attempted.

3. RESCAP porpoises (pumps stick). I am forced to return to base because of darkness, lowfuel, etc. Rescue will be resumed as soon as possible.

4. RESCAP continues to orbit in area adjacent todowned airman.

Downed pilot remain in present position.

5. RESCAP flies over downed pilot, blinking lightsseveral times.

Night rescue will be attempted.

Figure 1-5. RESCAP Signals

SIGNAL MEANING RESPONSE*

1. Orbit ship, passing closeaboard, rocking wings withhook down.

At night: flash series of “C.”

I have no radio and need steer tocarrier.

Ship flashes series of continuous“CHARLIES” (— — ), meaning “Iunderstand and will indicatedirection to nearest carrier.” Shipchanges course to indicatedirection, and turns signal light toSTEADY until aircraft departs.

2. Orbit ship, passing closeaboard, rocking wings with

hook up.

At night: flash series of “V.”

I have no radio and need vector tonearest land.

Ship flashes series of continuous“LIMA’S” ( — ), meaning “ I

understand and will indicatedirection to nearest land or field, ifknown.” Ship then changes courseto indicate direction, and turnssignal light to STEADY until aircraftdeparts.

* In both cases, ship notifies carrier of aircraft identification, signals, and response.

Figure 1-6. Signals Between Aircraft and Nonaviation Ships

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PILOT’S DESIRES OR INTENTIONS VISUAL SIGNAL

I desire immediate landing. Fly up the port side of the ship, low and close aboard,rocking wings, in a landing configuration with hookDOWN. Navigation light BRIGHT and STEADY withanticollision lights ON. If turning final in the VFRpattern or approaching final on a CCA, momentarily

turn on the taxi light, if available.

I desire to land but can wait for the next recovery. Fly up the port side of the ship with landing gear UP,hook down, navigation lights BRIGHT and STEADY,and anticollision light OFF while abeam the ship.

I am proceeding to the BINGO field. Fly up the port side of the ship, rocking wings, withlanding gear and hook UP, navigation lights BRIGHTand STEADY, and anticollision light ON. If fuel stateand the nature of the emergency permit, continuemaking passes until joined by a wingman. Upon reach-ing BINGO fuel state, proceed alone, setting IFF/SIFto emergency when departing.

Note1. The requirement for gear down and rocking wings as the signal for an immediate

landing is not required when considered unsafe by the pilot because of the nature ofthe emergency; example: loss of an engine in multiengine aircraft.

2. At night aircraft flying close aboard the port side of the ship without lights are consid-ered to have an emergency requiring an immediate landing.

Figure 1-7. Visual Signals to Ship From Fixed-Wing Aircraft With Radio Failure

PILOT’S DESIRES OR INTENTIONS VISUAL SIGNAL

I require immediate landing. Fly close aboard starboard quarter, remaining clear ofother traffic, with gear DOWN and floodlights/landinglight ON. With complete electrical failure, fire a redflare to seaward.

I desire to land but can wait for the next recovery. Fly by or hover on the starboard side of the ship, lowand close aboard, with navigation lights BRIGHT andFLASHING and anticollision light ON.

Figure 1-8. Visual Signals to Ship From Helicopters With Radio Failure

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SIGNAL

COMMAND/ADVISORY OLS ** ALDIS LAMP BLINKER

1. *BINGO — Proceed toalternate landing field.

Flashing cut andwaveoff lights.

Flashing red light. M, M

— —, — —

2. Add power — (jets and turbo

props only).

Flash, cut lights. N/A N/A

3. CHARLIE — Cleared to landaboard.

N/A Steady green light.*** C

— —

4. DELTA — Delay in landing.Enter DELTA pattern andmaintain visual contact withthe ship.

Flashing landing arealights.

Steady red light. D

—

5. Closed deck. Do not land. Landing area lights off(night only).

N/A N/A

6. Do not land. Ditch or bailout/eject in the vicinity of the

ship.

N/A Z

— — Z

— —

7. LSO has control of the aircrafton final approach atapproximately 1-1/2 miles.

Steady (3 sec), cutlights.

N/A N/A

8. Lower hook N/A H

H

9. Lower wheels N/A W

— —W

— —

10. Lower flaps. N/A F

— F

—

11. Jettison disposable fuel tank. N/A G— —

G— —

12. Jettison ordnance. N/A Q

— — —Q

— — —

* Signal is given only when ordered by the Air Officer.

** Aldis lamps may be located in the tower or on the signal bridge.

*** Helicopters will normally receive this signal from the rotating beacon or ALDIS lamp on the starboard sideof the island.

Extra care must be exercised in identifying the correct light andlocation of signal. Misinterpretation of lighting signals from othersources can occur. Such sources are: rotating beacons (aft, port,forward side of island), or deck status lights (located at LSOplatform and near portside mid-ships catwalk).

Figure 1-9. Visual Signals to Aircraft From Ship Under EMCON or Lost Communications Conditions

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Aircraft without radio equipment should observe the tower for light signals. Acknowledge signals in the daytimeby movement of ailerons or rudder on the ground and by rocking wings in the air. Acknowledge signals at nightby flashing aircraft lights. Signals from an airport traffic control light gun have the following meanings:

COLOR AND TYPEOF SIGNAL ON THE GROUND IN FLIGHT GROUND VEHICLES

STEADY GREEN Cleared for takeoff. Cleared to land. Cleared to cross runway.

FLASHING GREEN Cleared to taxi. Return for landing (to befollowed by steady greenat proper time).

STEADY ED Stop. Give way to other aircraftand continue circling.

Stop (hold short ofrunway).

FLASHING RED Taxi clear of landing area(runway) in use.

Airport unsafe — do notland.

FLASHING WHITE Return to starting point onairport.

Return to place of origin.

ALTERNATING RED &GREEN

General Warning Signal — Exercise Extreme Caution.

RED PYROTECHNIC(RED FLARE)

Notwithstanding anyprevious instructions, donot land for the timebeing.

Figure 1-10. Airport Traffic Control Light Signals

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CHAPTER 2

General Aircraft Handling Signals

2.1 GENERAL AIRCRAFT HANDLINGSIGNALS

Note

Signals/figures indicated in solid black are

NATO-approved.

The following signals (Figure 2-1) shall be used in

U.S. Navy operations and when operating with NATO

forces:

1. Affirmative (all clear)

2. Negative (not clear)

3. Proceed to next marshaler

4. This way

5. Slow down

6. Turn to left

7. Turn to right

8. Move ahead

9. Stop

10. Brakes (on/off)

11. Move back (also used to pull back aircraft

utilizing arresting wire)

12. Turns while backing (tail to left)

13. Turns while backing (tail to right)

14. Clearance for personnel to approach aircraft

15. Personnel approaching the aircraft

16. Insert chocks

17. Remove chocks

18. Install down locks/undercarriage pins

19. Remove down locks/undercarriage pins

20. Connect ground electrical power supply

21. Disconnect ground electrical power supply

22. Start engine(s)

23. Slow down engine(s) on indicated side

24. Cut engine(s)

25. Lock tailwheel

26. Unlock tailwheel

27. Fold wings/helicopter blades

28. Spread wings/helicopter blades

29. Lock wings/helicopter blades

30. Open weapon bay(s) door(s)

31. Close weapon bay(s) door(s)

32. Take off

33. Fire (U.S. Navy use only)

34. Engage nosegear steering

35. Disengage nosegear steering

36. Lower wing flaps

37. Raise wing flaps

38. Down hook

39. Up hook

40. Open air brakes

41. Close air brakes

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42. Tiller bar/steering arm in place

43. Remove tiedowns (director)

44. Install tiedowns (director)

45. Tiedowns in place (director)

46. Engine runup (pilot)

47. Hot brakes

48. Brake failure (tailhook-equipped air craft) (pilot)

49. Lights (on/off)

50. I have command

51. Open cowl flaps

52. Connect/disconnect air starting unit

53. Start aircraft auxiliary power unit

54. Stop aircraft auxiliary power unit

55. Ground refueling, all tanks, no external power

(ground crewman)

56. Ground refueling, internal tanks only, no external

power (ground crewman)

57. Extend/retract air refueling probe or ram air

turbine

58. Need aircraft starting unit

59. Fuel discharge during start

60. Arm water injection (AV-8)

61. Engine thrust check (AV-8)

62. VTO (AV-8)

63. Pass control

64. COD ramp: open/close.

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SIGNAL DAY NIGHT REMARKS

AFFIRMATIVE (ALL CLEAR)

Hand raised, thumb up. Same as day signal withaddition of wands.

Conforms to ICAOsignal.

NEGATIVE (NOT CLEAR)

Arm held out, handbelow waist level, thumbturned downwards.

Same as day signal withaddition of wands.

PROCEED TO NEXTMARSHALER

Right or left arm Down,other arm moved acrossthe body and extendedto indicate direction tonext marshal.


Conforms to ICAOsignals.

THIS WAY

Arms above head invertical position withpalms facing inward.



Figure 2-1. General Aircraft Handling Signals (Sheet 1 of 16)

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SLOW DOWN

Arms down with palmstowards ground, thenmoved up and downseveral times.



TURN TO LEFT

Extend right armhorizontally, left arm isrepeatedly movedupward. Speed of armmovement indicating

rate of turn.


1. Clench first (day),or down-turnedwand (night),means for pilot tolock indicatedbrake.

2. Also used for spotturns airborneaircraft. Conformto ICAO Signal.

TURN TO RIGHT

Extend left armhorizontally, left arm isrepeatedly movedupward. Speed of armmovement indicating

rate of turn.


1. Clench fist (day),or down-turnedwand (night),means for pilot tolock indicated

brake.

2. Also used forsport turnsairborne aircraft.Conform to ICAOSignal.

MOVE AHEAD

Arms extended frombody and held horizontalto shoulders with handsup-raised and aboveeye level, palms facing

backwards. Executebeckoning arm motionangled backward.Rapidity indicates speeddesired of aircraft.


Figure 2-1. General Aircraft Handling Signals (Sheet 2)

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STOP

Arms crossed above thehead, palms facingforward.


BRAKES

ON — Arms abovehead, open palms andfingers raised withpalms toward aircraft,then fist closed.

OFF — Reverse ofabove.

ON — Arms abovehead, then wandscrossed.

OFF — Crossed wands,

then uncrossed.

MOVE BACK (ALSO USED TOPULL BACK AIRCRAFT UTILIZING

ARRESTING WIRE)

Arms by sides, palmsfacing forward, sweptforward and upwardrepeatedly to shoulderheight.



TURNS WHILE BACKING(TAIL TO LEFT)

Point right arm downand left arm broughtfrom overhead, verticalposition to horizontalposition repeating left

arm movement.




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TURNS WHILE BACKING(TAIL TO RIGHT)

Point left arm down andright arm brought fromoverhead, verticalposition to horizontalforward position,

repeating right armmovement.



CLEARANCE FORPERSONNEL TO APPROACH

AIRCRAFT

A beckoning motion withright wand at eye level.

PERSONNELAPPROACHING THE

AIRCRAFT

Left hand raisedvertically overhead,palm towards aircraft.The other handindicates to personnel

concerned and gesturestowards aircraft.

Same as day signal withaddition of wands

INSERT CHOCKS

Arms down, fists closed,thumbs extendedinwards, swing armsfrom extended positioninwards.

Same as for day signalwith addition of wands.



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REMOVE CHOCKS

Arms down, fists closed,thumbs extendedoutwards, swing armsoutwards.



INSTALL DOWN LOCKS/ UNDERCARRIAGE PINS

With arms above head,the right hand clasps leftforearm and the left fistis clenched.

Similar to the day signalexcept the right wand isplaced against leftforearm. The wand inthe left hand is held

vertical.

REMOVE DOWN LOCKS/ UNDERCARRIAGE PINS

With arms and hands in“install down locks”position, the right handunclasps the leftforearm.

Similar to the day signalexcept with the additionof wands.

CONNECT GROUNDELECTRICAL POWER

SUPPLY

Hands above head, leftfist partially clenched,right hand moved indirection of left handwith first two fingers

extended and insertedinto circle made byfingers of the left hand.


Same signal for air startunit except using twofingers (day).


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DISCONNECT GROUNDELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY

Hands above head, leftfist partially clenched,right hand moved awayfrom left hand,withdrawing first two

fingers from circle madeby fingers of the lefthand.


Same signal for air startunit except using towfingers (day).

START ENGINE(S)

Left hand overhead withappropriate number offingers extended, toindicate the number ofthe engine to be started,

and circular motion ofright hand at head level.

Similar to day signalexcept that the wand inthe left hand will beflashed to indicate theengine to be started.

Conforms to ICAOsignals.

SLOW DOWN ENGINE(S)ON INDICATED SIDE

Arms down with palmstoward ground, theneither right or left armwaved up and downindicating that left or

right side enginesrespectively should beslowed down.



CUT ENGINE(S)

Either arm and handlevel with shoulder, handmoving across thethroat, palm down. Handis moved sideways, arm

remaining bent. Otherarm pointing to engine.



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LOCK TAILWHEEL

Hands togetheroverhead, opened fromthe wrists in a V, thenclosed suddenly.


UNLOCK TAILWHEEL

Hands overhead, palmstogether, then handsopened from the wriststo form a V, wristsremaining together.


FOLD WINGS/HELICOPTER BLADES

Arms straight out atsides, then sweptforward and huggedaround shoulders.

Same as signal withaddition of wands.

SPREAD WINGS/ HELICOPTER BLADES

Arms hugged aroundshoulders, then sweptstraight out to the sides.



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LOCK WINGS/ HELICOPTER BLADES

Hit right elbow with palmof left hand.


OPEN WEAPON BAY(S)DOOR(S)

Body bent forward at thewaist, hands held withfingertips touching infront of body and elbowsbent at approximately

45°, then arms swingdownward and outward.


CLOSE WEAPON BAY(S)DOOR(S)

Body bent forward atthe waist and armsextended horizontally,then arms swingdownward and in until

fingertips touch in frontof the body with elbowsbent at approximately45°.


TAKE OFF

Director conceals left/ right hand and makescircular motion of right/ left hand over head inhorizontal plane ending

in a throwing motion ofarm towards direction oftakeoff.



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FIRE

Describes large figureeight with one hand andpoints to the fire area withthe other hand.

Same except with wands. Signal is meant forinformation only. Pilotshould be given a cutengine or continuousturnup signal, asappropriate.

ENGAGE NOSEGEARSTEERING

Point to nose with indexfinger while indicatingdirection of turn with otherindex finger.


DISENGAGENOSEGEARSTEERING

Point to nose with indexfinger, lateral wave withopen palm of other handat shoulder height.


LOWER WING FLAPS

Hands in front, palmstogether horizontally thenopened from the wristcrocodile-mouth fashion.



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RAISE WING FLAPS

Hands in fronthorizontally, with palmsopen from the wrists,then suddenly closed.


DOWN HOOK

Right fist, thumbextended downward,lowered suddenly tomeet horizontal palmof left hand.


UP HOOK

Right fist, thumbextended upward, raisedsuddenly to meethorizontal palm of lefthand.


OPEN AIR BRAKES

Hands in front, palmstogether vertically, thenopened from the wristscrocodile-mouthfashion.



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CLOSE AIR BRAKES

Hands in front, verticallywith palms open fromthe wrists, thensuddenly closed.


TILLER BAR/STEERINGARM IN PLACE

Hold nose with lefthand, right hand movinghorizontally at waistlevel.

a. Affirmative signalimmediately followingmeans: MAN ISTENDING BAR.

b. A negative signalimmediately followingmeans: NO ONETENDING BAR.


REMOVE TIEDOWNS(director)

To tiedown crew: Makeswiping motion down leftarm with right hand.

Same as day exceptwith wands.

INSTALL TIEDOWNS(director)

To tiedown crew:Rotates hands in acircle perpendicular toand in front of his body.



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TIEDOWNS IN PLACE(director)

Same signal as “installtiedown,” followed bythumbs up.


ENGINE RUNUP (pilot)

Moves forefinger in acircular motion in viewof director to indicatethat he is ready to runup engines.

Makes circular motionwith hand held light.

Director responds withsame signal (wand atnight) to indicate “clearto run up.”

HOT BRAKES

Makes rapid fanningmotion with one hand infront of face and pointsto wheel with otherhand.


BRAKE FAILURE (tailhook equipped aircraft) (pilot)

Pilot drops tailhook andturns on external lightsas an emergency signalto the director and deckcrew.

Same as day. Pilot also informs towervia radio.


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LIGHTS

Points to eyes with twofingers to signal “lightson.”

Flashing wands. When lights are alreadyon, same signal is usedto signal “lights off.”

I HAVE COMMAND

Hold one hand open,motionless and highabove head, with palmforward.

Same as day exceptwith wand.

OPEN COWL FLAPS

Hold hands against sideof head; then openhands by movingthumbs forward andoutward.


CONNECT/DISCONNECTAIR STARTING UNIT

Same as “connect/ disconnect groundelectrical power supply,”except using one finger(day). (See signals 20

and 21.)


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START AIRCRAFTAUXILIARY POWER UNIT

Points to power unitexhaust with left handindex finger; moves righthand in horizontal circle,index and middle finger

pointing downward.


STOP AIRCRAFTAUXILIARY POWER UNIT

Makes “throat cutting”action with left hand;moves right hand inhorizontal circle, indexand middle fingers

pointing downward.


GROUND REFUELINGALL TANKS,

NO EXTERNAL POWER(ground crewman)

Extends arm in front ofbody and makes a widecircular wiping motion;then brings thumb tomouth as if drinking

from a glass.

Same except with wandheld vertically.

Pilot extends airrefueling probe and setsswitches for fueling alltanks.

GROUND REFUELING,INTERNAL TANKS ONLY,NO EXTERNAL POWER

(ground crewman)

Makes a circular motionas if rubbing stomachwith palm of hand; thenbrings thumb to mouthas if drinking from a

glass.


Pilot extend air refuelingprobe and sets switchesfor fueling internal tanksonly.


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EXTEND/RETRACT AIRREFUELING PROBE OR

RAM AIR TURBINE

TO EXTEND: Extendarm straight ahead, fistclenched; swing arm 90°to side. Use left or rightarm according to

location of probe.

TO RETRACT: Use thereverse of the EXTENDsignal.


Pilot actuates probe onsignal.

NEED AIRCRAFT STARTINGUNIT

Extend arms out frombody (curved upwards)and rotate arms in aclockwise/ counterclockwise

motion.


FUEL DISCHARGEDURING START

Left arm raised aboveshoulder with number offingers extended toindicate affected engine;right hand describes a

pendulum motionbetween waist andknees.

Similar to day signalexcept that wand in lefthand will be flashed toindicate the number ofthe affected engine.

Signal is for informationonly; pilot should begiven cut engine orcontinuous turnupsignal, as appropriate.

AIR WATER INJECTION(AV–8)

Give FINAL TURNUPsignal. Chapter 4 (No.9). Wait 2 or 3 secondswhile pilot turns upmilitary rated thrust and

checks instruments.Then, hold open handtoward pilot, fingersextended vertically.

Same except holdGREEN wand verticallyand move up and down.

Day — Pilotacknowledges bysalute.

Night — Pilotacknowledges byturning on light tosteady dim.


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ENGINE THRUST CHECK(AV–8)

Extend arm overhead,forefinger pointing up.Hesitate, then rotatehand rapidly in ahorizontal circle.

Hold RED and GREENwands at chest level,rotating the green wandin a horizontal circle.

Signal is optional, givenat request of pilot. Alsocan be used for decklaunch.

VTO (AV–8)

Arms extendedhorizontally sidewaysbeckoning upwards,with palms turned up.


PASS CONTROL

With both arms shoulderheight, point in directionof person receivingcontrol.

Same as day exceptpoint amber wand.

Used by U.S. Navypersonnel. Not a NATOsignal.

COD RAMP: OPEN/CLOSE

One hand held in hold,the other finger andthumb extended but nottouching; then bringfingers and thumb

together several times.Pilot will respond withsame signal.

Two wands used insame manner.

Ramp shall not comedown until deck crewacknowledges pilotsignal.


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CHAPTER 3

Helicopter Handling Signals

3.1 HELICOPTER OPERATION LIGHTSIGNALS

Note

Signals/figures in solid black are

NATO-approved.

See Figures 3-1 and 3-2 for helicopter operation

light signals.

The following signals (Figure 3-3) shall be used inU.S. .Navy operations and when operating with NATO

forces:

1. Landing direction

2. Move upward

3. Hover

4. Move downward

5. Move to left

6. Move to right

7. Lower wheels

8. Wave-off

9. Land

10. Droop stops out

11. Droop stops in

12. Remove blade tiedowns

13. Engage rotors

14. Hook up load

15. Release load

16. Load has not been released

17. Winch up

18. Winch down

19. Cut cable

20. Spread pylon

21. Fold pylon

22. I desire HIFR/fuel

23. Commence fueling

24. Am pumping fuel

25. Cease fueling

26. Have ceased pumping fuel

27. Desire to move over deck and return hose

28. Execute emergency breakaway

29. Ready to start engine (pilot)

30. Ready to engage rotors (pilot)

31. Ready to engage rotors (LSE)

32. Ready for takeoff (pilot)33. Ready for takeoff (LSE)

34. Remove tiedowns (LSE)

35. Remove chocks and tiedown (pilot)

36. Insert chocks and tiedown (pilot)

37. Tiedowns removed (deck crew)

38. Install tiedowns (LSE)

39. Disengage rotors (LSE)

40. Hook not down/up

41. Swing tail left

42. Swing tail right

43. Hold position

44. Antenna in down position.

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Refer to Chapter 2 for the following signals:

Signal Number

Fold blades

Spread blades

Lock blades

Move ahead

Move back

Take off

Open cargo doors

Close cargo doors

27

28

29

8

11

32

30

31

EVOLUTION ALDIS LAMPROTATING BEACON SIGNAL

Start Engines Red

Engage Rotors Amber

Launch Green

Recovery Green

Disengage Rotors Amber

Shutdown Red

Figure 3-1. Rotating Beacon/Aldis Lamp Signals for Helicopter Operations

COMMAND/ADVISORYINFORMATION

STARBOARD ROTATING BEACONOR ALDIS LAMP SIGNAL

Three or More Aircraft To Go Red

One Aircraft To Go Amber

Land Green

Figure 3-2. Flight Operation Signals to Helicopters in Starboard Holding (CV/CVN)

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LANDING DIRECTION

Marshaler stands witharms raised verticallyabove head and facingtoward the point wherethe aircraft is to land.

The arms are loweredrepeatedly from avertical to a horizontalposition, stopping finallyin the horizontalposition.


MOVE UPWARD

Arms extendedhorizontally sidewaysbeckoning upwards, withpalms turned up. Speedof movement indicates

rate of ascent.



HOVER

Arms extendedhorizontally sideways,palms downward.



MOVE DOWNWARD

Arms extendedhorizontally sidewaysbeckoning downwards,with palms turned down.Speed of movement

indicates rate ofdescent.



Figure 3-3. Helicopter Handling Signals (Sheet 1 of 11)

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MOVE TO LEFT

Right arm extendedhorizontally sideways indirection of movementand other arms swungover the head in same

direction, in a repeatingmovement.


MOVE TO RIGHT

Left arm extendedhorizontally sideways indirection of movementand other arm swungover the head in the

same direction, in arepeating movement.


LOWER WHEELS

When aircraftapproaches director withlanding gear retracted,marshaler gives signalby side view of a

cranking circular motionof the hands.


WAVE OFF

Waving of arms over thehead.


Signal is mandatory.

Figure 3-3. Helicopter Handling Signals (Sheet 2)

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LAND

Arms crossed andextended downwards infront of the body.



DROOP STOPS OUT

When rotor starts to “rundown” marshaler standswith both hands raisedabove head, fistsclosed, thumbs pointing

out.


DROOP STOPS IN

When droop stops go in,marshaler turns thumbsinwards.


REMOVE BLADETIEDOWNS

Left hand above head,right hand pointing toindividual boots forremoval.



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ENGAGE ROTOR(S)

Circular motion inhorizontal plane withright hand above head.


HOOK UP LOAD

Rope climbing motionwith hands.


RELEASE LOAD

Left arm extendedforward horizontally, fistclenched, with handmaking verticalpendulum movement

with fist clenched.


LOAD HAS NOT BEENRELEASED

Bend left arm horizon-tally across chest withfist clenched, palmdownward; open righthand pointed up

vertically to center ofleft fist.



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WINCH UP

Left arm horizontal infront of body, fistclenched, right handwith palm turnedupwards making

upward motion.


WINCH DOWN

Left arm horizontal infront of body, fistclenched, right handwith palm turneddownwards making

downward motion


CUT CABLE

Right arm extendedforward horizontally,first clenched, left armmaking horizontal slicingmovements below the

right fist, palmdownward.


SPREAD PYLON

Bend elbow acrosschest, palm downward.Extend arm outward tohorizontal position,keeping palm open

and facing down.



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FOLD PYLON

Extend right armhorizontally, palmdownward. Bend armkeeping palm down.


I DESIRE HIFR/FUEL

Helicopter crewmemberbrings thumb to mouthas if drinking from glass.

Same except use redlens flashlight.

COMMENCE FUELING

Helicopter crewmembermakes circular motionwith right hand.

Helicopter crewmembermakes circular motionwith red lens flashlight.

AM PUMPING FUEL

Ship’s fuel crewmemberholds green devicevertically over reddevice.

Ship’s fuel crewmemberholds green wandvertically over red wand.


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CEASE FUELING

Helicopter crewmembermakes horizontal cuttingmotion of right handacross throat.

Helicopter crewmembermakes horizontal motionof red lens flashlight.

HAVE CEASEDPUMPING FUEL

Ship’s fuel crewmemberholds red device overgreen device.

Ship’s fuel crewmemberholds red wand verticallyover green wand.

DESIRE TO MOVEOVER DECK AND

RETURN HOSE

Helicopter crewmembermakes vertical motion ofhand.

Helicopter crewmembermakes vertical motion ofred lens flashlight.

EXECUTE EMERGENCYBREAKAWAY

LSE/director makeswaveoff signal.

LSE/director makeswaveoff signal withwands.

Signal is mandatory.


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READY TOSTART ENGINE

(pilot)

Moves hand in a circleperpendicular to thedeck; follows with athumbs up signal.Signify by number of

fingers engine to bestarted.

Turns on flashlight ormovable light andmoves it in a circleperpendicular to thedeck.

READY TO ENGAGEROTORS (pilot)

Moves hand inhorizontal circle at eyelevel, index fingerextended. Aircraft lightsFLASHING BRIGHT.

Same as day exceptholds red light in hand.Aircraft lightsFLASHING DIM.

At night, aircraft lightsshould be onFLASHING DIM untilaircraft is declared upand ready for takeoff by

the pilot.

READY TO ENGAGEROTORS (LSE)

FACES FLY CONTROL:Holds left fist abovehead; givescircular motion of righthand above head, index

finger extended.

Rotates one wand atchest level; holds otherwand above head.

The air officer shallsignal authority toengage rotors byilluminating a yellowrotating beacon.

READY FOR TAKEOFF(pilot)

Gives thumbs up signalat eye level. Aircraftlights STEADY BRIGHT.

Places running andformation lights onSTEADY DIM. May givethumbs up signal byturning on flashlight or

other moveable lightsand moving it up anddown.


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READY FOR TAKEOFF(LSE)

FACES FLY CONTROL.Holds right thumb up ateye level; holds left fistat eye level.

Signal not required.Pilot’s STEADY DIMindicates readiness toFly Control.

The air officer shallsignal authority forlaunch of helicoptersby illuminating a greenrotating beacon in

addition to the rotatingyellow beacon.

REMOVE TIEDOWNS(LSE)

To tiedown crew: Makeswiping motion down leftarm with right hand.

Same as day exceptwith addition of wands.

REMOVE CHOCKS ANDTIEDOWNS (pilot)

Swings arms apart,thumbs extendedoutwards.

Using hand held light orflashlight, gives on/offsignals at 1-secondintervals.

INSERT CHOCKS ANDTIEDOWNS (pilot)

Swings arms together,thumbs extendedinwards. In single pilotedaircraft, pilot may swingone arm alternately from

each side, thumbextended inwards.

Moves hand held light orflashlight at eye level ina horizontal planealternately inwards fromeach side.


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TIEDOWNS REMOVED(deck crew)

Stands in full view ofpilot and LSE and holdstiedown and chocksextended to side.

Same as day exceptilluminates tiedown withamber flashlight.

INSTALL TIEDOWNS(LSE)

To tiedown crew:Rotates hands in acircle perpendicular toand in front of his body.

Same as day exceptwith amber wands.

Give “hold” signal assoon as first tiedown isattached.

DISENG

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