Manegment Participatory development Community Co-management.
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Transcript of Manegment Participatory development Community Co-management.
Manegment
Participatory development Community Co-management
Participatory development
Development history
年代 发展思想 说明五十年代 “增长理论” 物质财富在数量上
的增长 六十年代
至八十年代
现代化理论人的观念是制约发展和增长的关键
通过更快有效的技术提高物质生产力,要“多、快、好、省”要改变旧的观念
八十年代 基本需求战略 考虑人在各个方面的基本需求(温饱、卫生保健、教育 )
八十年代中后期
“以人为本的发展”*公平 *参与 *
考虑人在发展过程中的地位,避免两极化
九十年代初
可持续发展 环境资源、社会文化、政治体制、民主法律
Participatory development
Outsiders(expert)
? know unknow
Local
people
know
我知你知
常 识
(Common
Knowl edge)
你知我不知
土著知识
(I ndi genous
Knowl edge)
unknow
我知你不知
专家知识
(Sci enti fi c
knowl edge)
你我都不知
待探索的知识
(Expl ori ng
knowl edge)
Participatory development
Different awareness
Interact understanding
——Officials, experts, farmers
——Officials at all levels
——Experts in different fields
——Male farmers Female farmers, rich farmers, poor farmers
——stakeholder
Understanding Participatory development
Politics: Empowerment of vulnerable groups
Sociology Interaction and equality
EconomistThe efficiency of intervention
Countryside The Changes
Understanding Participatory development
Decision-making:Implement,Planning, monitoring and evaluation
Beneficiary groups: in the control of resources and affect tactics
Adjustment process Political and economic rights are favorable to vulnerable groups
PartnershipMutual equality of social roles
types description Contoled by outsiders
Controled by local people
i ndependent
Vi l l agers deci de what to do and how to do themsel ves
i ni t i at i ve
vi l l agers and outsi ders deci de together
adapti ve
Outsi ders recei ve the suggesti ons f rom vi l l agers, but outsi ders deci de
i nduced
Outsi ders deci de, vi l l agers are encouraged and i nduced
passi ve
Outsi ders deci de, vi al l agers are tol d how to do
Types of participatory development
participationcommunication Interactive
Take part in
Take part in
Ways Semi-structured interviews
Individual interviews
Group interviews
Insider Interviews
Special groups interviews
Survey
Events Interview
Women's InterviewSimple sortMatrixWealth rankingRisk opportunities analysisCause and effect analysisProblem treeCommunity visual information Community record
Ways
Conflict Diagram
Venn Diagram
Community land use map
Village meeting
Village Group meeting 、Women's groups will 、different stakeholders groups will
Farmers recordsFarmers accountDaily activity chartSecondary data collectionCommunity modelEvolution ChartSeason calendar chart
Community Co-management
Community Co-management
Participation farmer-center
Co-management
Common objective achievement
Together development
Empowerment
Rights to know
Participation
Rights to make decision
Rights to benefit
Democratization
Contents of Co-management
Identify and evaluate opportunities and constrictions of using common property resource
Raising public awareness of protection, and co-management committee establishment
Contents of Co-management
Formulate common agreement and village regulations, setting up mechanisms of PM&E
Design the plan for community and common pool resource use as well as land use planning
Participatory action plan Participatory action plan designing and designing and implementationimplementation
Process of setting up co-management
institution Meetings of multi-stakeholdersMeetings of multi-stakeholders Establishment of co-management
leadership Selection of pilot sites, raising public
awareness PRA implementation, design
community resource management plan and action plan
Process of setting up co-management
institution Election of co-management committee
member, Rights and Responsibility allocation)
formulate co-management rule and revising village regulations
to sign co-management agreement and its implementation
Implementation of PM&E
THE CASEFCCDP Project
WWF project
GEF Project
GTZ Project
UNDP project
Discussion
integrated conservation and development
co-management as effective and efficiency approach for management in national park
Discussion
Application and extension Application and extension of co-managementof co-management
Question in sustainability Question in sustainability Role of NGOsRole of NGOs
Trends
*From national park to other sector (state forest and collective)
*diverse model
*new development
*meaningful and wide participation of stakeholders
*Government involvement
Behavior and attitudes
Behavior and attitudes
Behavior and attitudes
Behavior and attitudes
Biodiversity Action Plan
Objective:
Awareness raising Promotion Management tool Plan delivery of technical services Attracting investment Monitoring progress Payment for Environmental Services
(PES) Carbon trading
1. Select the geographical limits for the Action Plan (County, Nature Reserve, Township, watershed, village)
2. Make an inventory of all stakeholders
for example:• County Level Government Bureau• Township Level Government Bureau• International Projects• Villagers
Biodiversity Action Plan
Biodiversity Action Plan
Tools:
PRA village mapping, Village land use plans (grazing areas, springs)
Nature reserve zoning plan (core, buffer, multiple use)
County economic development zones Market surveys for key products
Biodiversity Action Plan
3.Organize workshops with stakeholders, identify problems and their causes.
Environmental (resource loss, wildlife damage, fires, floods, droughts, soil erosion. conflicts)
Economic (infrastructure and communications, lack of income, low prices, no market information, unreliable traders)
Social (high work loads due to decrease in firewood, safe drinking water)
Biodiversity Action Plan
4. Identify strengths and opportunities
Environmental (see market surveys, tourism attractions)
Economic (infrastructure and communications, investment)
Social (skills, organizations)
Biodiversity Action Plan
5. Prioritize the problems to be solved and formulate solutions
System of regulations, seasons of harvesting, zoning and land use
System of subsidies
System of fines
Biodiversity Action Plan
Biodiversity Action Plan
6.Formulation of the Action PlanSelect time frame (1 year pilot models, 5 years with replication to new sites),
Plan activities Identify the roles and responsibilities of
each of the stakeholders Develop mechanisms for coordination
and cooperation
• Design financial mechanism to ensure long term funding for prioritized activities
8. Implementation of the plan, monitoring and evaluation
Biodiversity Action Plan
7. Plan capacity building needs and sustainable delivery of technical services