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Technical

Textiles

INHALT

The power of innovationComposites, stitch-bonded fabrics, warp-knitted fabricswith weft insertion

Technical

Textiles

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TABLE OFCONTENTS

Technical Textiles 2009

TechnicalTextiles

INHALT

The power ofinnovationComposites,Nhgewirke, Gewirke mit Schusseintrag

TechnicalTextiles

IMPRINT01/04/2009The reprint, even in extracts, is only allowed with the permission of the publisher, the compa-ny KARL MAYER Textilmaschinenfabrik GmbH, 63179 Obertshausen, Germany.

Rights for technical modifications reserved.List of references:Dr. S. Raz, The Karl Mayer Guide to Technical Textiles published by KARL MAYERTextilmaschinenfabrik GmbH, Obertshausen, Germany.

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INTRODUCTION

FUNDAMENTALS

FUNDAMENTAL TERMS OFWARP-KNITTING PAGE6

THE MECHANISM OF STITCH FORMATION PAGE7

DIRECTIONALLY ORIENTED STRUCTURES

GENERAL PAGE8WARP-KNITTED FABRICS PAGE9STITCH-BONDED FABRICS PAGE14

STITCH-BONDED NONWOVENS

FIBRE-PROCESSING STITCH-BONDING METHODS PAGE18MALIVLIES PAGE20MALIWATT PAGE21

KUNIT PAGE 22MULTIKNIT PAGE 23

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4 Technical Textiles 2009

INTRODUCTION

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5Technical Textiles 2009

INTRODUCTION

Production of technical textiles is arapidly growing trade in textile industry.Technical textiles are to substitute cost-and material-intensive as well as trickyand/or technically obsolete methodsbased upon conventional materials andare increasingly applied in new end-uses.A favourable cost-to-benefit ratio duringmanufacture and a product tailored tospecific application i.e. carefully desig-

ned structures and production methodsare of particular importance hereby. Allthose advantages are offered by bothwarp-knitting and stitch-bonding techni-ques.

Warp-knitting with weft insertion ensu-res non-tendering integration of reinfor-cement yarns into knitted fabrics. As aconsequence thereof, sturdy fabrics canbe made to be used, for instance, asgeotextiles in road construction or asadvertising media.Stitch-bonding features a special formof warp-knitting. This technique is pre-ferably used in production of reinforce-ment textiles for composites and

nonwovens and has stood the test inintroducing the "Fabric Engineering"concept.Both the warp-knitting and stitch-bon-ding techniques enable flexible and effi-cient manufacture of textile fabrics andopen-up versatile opportunities both todeveloper and producer in order to con-figure the specific performance charac-teristics of textile material. The target tobe reached hereby is: A material thatwithstands the anticipated loads and,at the same time, can be producedefficiently.

The present guide gives an insight intowarp-knitting with weft insertion andstitch-bonding techniques, illustratesthe basic structural configurations avai-lable, and provides information aboutsome of the versatile applications possi-ble.

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FUNDAMENTALS

FUNDAMENTAL TERMS OF WARP-KNITTING

the same yarn and may extend over one or several stitch courses (Fig. 6).

Inlay

Inlay is a yarn path running in cross, slant, or linear directions not restricted by stit-ches of the same yarn. Inlay is interlaced into the stitches of another yarn systemany may extend over the entire width (weft inlay) (Fig. 7) or over a part of width(inlay) (Fig. 8) of the knitted fabric.

Filler yarnFiller yarn is a yarn path running straightly in linear direction and interlaced in bet-ween two wales not restricted by stitches or loops of the same (Fig. 9).

For better comprehension of the produc-tion of technical textiles on warp-knittingand/or stitch-bonding machines, the mostimportant fundamentals of warp-knittingare first of all given here.

StitchA stitch is a yarn loop with four interlacingpoints, comprised of one head, two legs,and two feet (Fig. 1). So, the loop has gottwo upper and two lower associatedinterlacing points - head and foot lapping.In general, the loop may be open (Fig. 2)or closed (Fig. 3). As to an open loop, thedirection of incoming yarn (overlapping)equals the direction of outgoing yarn (un-derlapping). The loop feet are lying sideby side. As to a closed loop, the directionis opposite and the loop feet are cros-sing-over.

Wales and stitch courses

Wales are a vertical row of stitches arran-ged one above another with commoninterlacing points (Fig. 4) whereas seve-ral stitches placed side by side from astitch course (Fig. 5).

Stitch density

The stitch density indicates the numberof stitches of a wale per cm.

Float

Float is a yarn path running straightly inlinear or slant directions. It is restricted bystitches of other interlacing elements of


Fig. 1: Knitted loopFig. 2: Open loopFig. 3: Closed loopFig. 4: WaleFig. 5: Stitch courseFig. 6: Float

Fig. 7: Weft inlayFig. 8: InlayFig. 9: Inlay and filler yarn

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THE MECHANISM OF STITCH FORMATION

FUNDAMENTALS

To enlighten the process of stitch formation, the mechanical engineering funda-mentals will be first of all explained hereinafter and, then, the actual process steps.

The fabric-producing knitting elements of a warp-knitting machine

Figure 1 provides a schematic overview of the knitting elements to produce fabricson a warp-knitting machine, whereby:

1. Compound needleThe needles are accommodated in a rigid needle bar and movesimultaneously

2. Slide (closing element)The elements to close the needle hooks are arranged in a bar and move

simultaneously

3. Knock-over bar (fixed)

4. Holding-down sinkersThe holding-down sinkers are accommodated in a rigid sinker bar and movesimultaneously

5. Yarn endsYarn ends are usually unwound from a warp beam

6. Yarn guidesThe yarn guides normally configured as guide needles are located on rigidguide bars and are also moving simultaneously. One or several yarn guides

are assigned to each needle.

7. Knitted fabric

The process steps of stitch formationThe process of stitch formation can be explained in detail by the six steps depictedin Figures 2 through 7:

2. The needles are in knock-over position i.e. in lowermost position aftercompletion of the previous stitch course. The holding-down sinkers arepositioned in between the needles.

3. The needles ascend to clearing position and, thus, to uppermost position.The closing elements (slides) rise a little bit less to open the needle hooks.

The fabric is held back by the holding-down sinkers.

4. The yarn guides swing in between the needles up to the front needle side.

5. The yarn guides are shogged sideways by one needle and then swing backin between the needles. An overlap is produced hereby. The holding-downsinkers move back.

6. The needles descend. The slides follow-up this movement with time lag sothat the needle hooks are closed to trap the newly wrapped yarns.The yarn guides are shogged sideways and repositioned (underlap).

7. The needles descend to knock-over position. The previously knit loop slipshere from needle stem over the needle hook. The loops in the needle hooksare interlaced with the previously knit loop, thus producing a new stitchcourse.


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GENERAL


Directionally oriented structures or D.O.S.feature unique multi-ply fabrics producedby using warp-knitting/stitch-bonding tech-niques. With said techniques, straightends of absolutely parallel and non-crim-ped yarns are inserted into the structuresas weft yarn at almost any desirable angle.This is done by weft insertion systems.The non-crimped yarns (=reinforcementyarns) can be integrated both in line withthe stitch courses and not in line with thestitch courses. Course-oriented structuresare made on warp-knitting machines and

non-course-oriented ones on stitch-bon-ding machines.

Possible laying directionsThe exact definition of laying directiondepends on the fabric properties to beachieved.Directionally oriented structures offer idealprerequisites for excellent mechanical pro-perties with respect to the relevant appli-cation along with cost-effective production.The following directions are possible whenproducing directionally oriented structures: 0-direction - mono-axial

90-direction - mono-axial 0- and 90-directions - bi-axial diagonal - bi-axial diagonal and 90-direction - tri-axial diagonal und 0-direction - tri-axial multi-axial


0-direction - mono-axial diagonal - bi-axial

90-direction - mono-axial diagonal and 90-direction -

tri-axial

0- and 90-directions - bi-axial diagonal und 0-direction - tri-axial

multi-axial

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WARP-KNITTED FABRICS



the knitting elements where said yarns areinterlaced in line with the stitch courses.

Advantages of weft insertion

system Working widths up to 247" (6.27 m) Production speed up to 1600 rpm

corresponding to a weft insertion rate ofover 10,000 m/min* (based upon24 yarn ends)

Weft yarn speed approx. 400 m/min(based upon 24 yarn ends)

Flexibility as regards weft yarn repeat

and number of weft yarns Almost all yarn materials including high-

strength and sensitive textile yarns canbe processed

Various yarn counts can be inserted*depending on product

Fig. 1: Raschel machine with magazine weft insertion

Course-oriented structuresWarp-knitting machines include raschel machines and tricot machines. Raschelmachines (Fig. 1) are preferably used to produce rather coarser structures with lowstitch densities. On the other hand, fine fabrics with high stitch densities are produ-ced on tricot machines. Reinforcement yarns can be integrated in 0-direction in linewith the stitch wales and in 90-direction in line with the stitch courses. Here, oneshould distinguish between filler yarns and weft inlays.Filler yarns are reinforcement yarns provided in the fabric in machine direction(0-direction). They are interlaced with the fabric via guide bars without overlappingand/or underlapping movement. The filler yarns themselves do not form any stitchesor loops and, therefore, must be fixed in the fabric by interlacing elements of otheryarn systems. Upon insertion of filler yarns in line with the wales, an exact definitionhas been made in between which of the stitch wales of base fabric the reinforcement

material has to be interlaced.Weft inlays are reinforcement yarns provided transversely to the machine direction

(90-direction). They are inserted bymeans of specific weft insertion systems.As to the magazine weft insertion withreversing motion (MSUS), a carriageclamps a weft yarn sheet in between twotransport chains (Fig. 2). The transportchains feed the weft yarns individually to

Fig. 2: Functional principle ofmagazine weft insertion

Transport chain

Weft carriage

Transport chain

Selvedge yarns

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Mono-axial structuresMono-axially reinforced knitted fabrics(Fig. 3 and 4) are used, for instance, assun- protection, interlining or geotextilefabrics. The reinforcement yarn layers arestretched to preclude any structural elon-gation under loads. Orientation takes placehereby in 0-direction (filler yarns) or in 90-direction (weft inlay)To keep the filler yarns in the fabric, theground bar must be shogged by at leastone needle in the underlap movement.

As a consequence thereof, the filler yarnson the left fabric side are interlaced by thesinker loops. Weft inlays without reinforce-ment effect are to fix the filler yarns infabric on the right fabric side.

Bi-axial structures

When combining filler yarns and weftinlays one with another, bi-axial structureswith reinforcement in directions 0 and 90(Fig. 5) can be produced. Geogrid structu-res and laminating substrates for adverti-sing posters are main applications of bi-axially reinforced fabrics. Figu-re 6 illustra-

tes a grey bi-axially reinforced fabric withgrid-like structure and high yarn counts.Equipped with PVC-coating (Fig. 7), suchmaterials are used as reinforcing geotexti-les e.g. for slope and sub-base stabilizingbeneath railway tracks or even as asphaltreinforcement.

Fig. 3+4: Mono-axial structureFig. 5: Bi-axial structureFig. 6: Grey bi-axially reinforced fabricFig. 7: Bi-axially reinforced fabric withPVC-coatingFig. 8: Knitting area of a Raschel machine

with magazine weft insertion

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Advantages of directionally orien-ted structures

Unlike the arrangement in a woven struc-ture, the yarns in warp-knitted directionallyoriented structures are running absolutelystraight and in parallel (Fig. 9). This bringsabout the following advantages:

Direct introduction of forces into reinfor-cement yarns, no structural elongation

Optimal utilization of yarn tenacity pro-perties to withstand deformation strains

Optimally structured modulus Simple calculation of fabric properties in

accordance with the end-use intended Any yarn type can be processed from

low-twist soft staple yarns up to high-tenacity filament yarns (Fig. 10)

Safe interlacing of reinforcement yarns,even in very open mesh structures, ensu-res safe transportation and handling offabrics during further processing steps(e.g. coating) and in end-use

Excellent tear and tear propagation resi-stance. The yarn layers tend to bunchtogether under load. This requires a gre-ater extent of force to destroy the structu-re (Fig. 11)

Fig. 9: Yarn arrangement in a directionallyoriented warp-knitted fabricFig. 10: Yarn types to be processed onwarp-knitting machinesFig. 11: Bunching effect of yarn layers

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Composite fabricsThe possibility of additionally feeding mostdifferent fabrics on Raschel machinesallows simple and highly-efficient produc-tion of composite fabrics in one operationonly. The key idea behind the production ofcomposite fabrics is to combine severalmaterials of partly opposite properties tocreate a single membrane that performsessentially much better than one of its con-stituents alone.Any fabric to be pierced can be reinforcedeither mono-axially or bi-axially with yarn

elements on Raschel machines. Apartfrom preferably mechanically bondedwebs, nonwovens bonded thermally or bybonding agent are reinforced, too (Fig. 12).The oriented yarn layer arrangement leadsto a constructive increase of the mechani-cal nonwoven properties in compliancewith product-specific requirements.Although nonwovens themselves do notshow any outstanding mechanical proper-ties, an extraordinarily high tear resistanceof composite fabrics can be achieved.

Fields of application

Geotextiles for road construction, railwayconstruction, slope and bank reinforce-ments, dumping construction etc., moreo-ver, also used as laminating substrates,agricultural textiles, for moulded articles

Reinforced composite fabrics for

geotextilesThe various functions to be performed bythe components "directionally oriented fab-ric structure" and "nonwoven" are illustra-ted by the example of a composite fabricdesigned for use as geotextile (see tablegiven opposite).

Sensitive composite fabrics for

civil engineeringSensors have been integrated into a com-posite nonwoven in a non-tenderingand correctly positioned manner on a


RS MSU S-V Raschel machine of KARLMAYER Malimo at the Saxon TextileResearch Institute in Chemnitz (Fig. 14).Such sensitive textile structures can beused in various civil engineering sectorssuch as e.g. ground stabilization, securityservices or even as early warning systems.The sensors integrated therein ensurequantitative, high-sensitivity resolution,and distributed detection and supervisionof impacting changes due to sensor elon-gation and/or destruction. Reasons forimpacts acting on the sensors are move-

ments and tensions.

Multispeed and weft pattern repeatThe Multispeed technology of KARLMAYER offers the opportunity to programsequences, thus allowing automatic varia-tion of stitch density while the machine isrunning. So, fabrics of various stitch densi-ties can be knitted. The sequence of weftyarns to be inserted can be programmedas you like by means of electronic weft pat-tern repeat in order to place the weft yarnsonly at the points required for the relevantapplication. Thanks to the combination of

Multispeed technology and weft patternrepeat feature, for instance, directionallyoriented fabrics can be knitted with smallstitches in the areas of integrated weftyarns and with low stitch density in theareas between the weft yarns. Small stit-ches offer a better fixation of weft yarnsand the decreased stitch density in theintermediate areas results in an increaseof production output.

Fig. 12: Knitting area RS MSU S-VFig. 13: Composite fabric for asphaltreinforcementFig. 14: Composite fabric with integral

sensor

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Non-course oriented structuresDirectionally oriented structures withmono-axial up to multi-axial reinforcement-yarn layer construction can be producedby means of stitch-bonding technology.Said structures are characterized by inter-lacing of reinforcement yarns not in linewith the stitch courses. The reinforcementyarn layers fed are pierced by sharp need-les and interlaced one with another bymeans of interlacing yarn (knitting yarn) inone knitting cycle (Fig. 1-3).Stitch-bonding is a special form of warp-

knitting where the stitch formation processtakes place analogously to warp-knitting.Figure 1 shows the stitch-bonding area ofa MULTIAXIAL stitch-bonding machine.Major differences with regard to a warp-knitting machine are: Knitting-area construction - fixed counter-

holding bar, supporting rail Needle type used - "piercing" needle

Fields of application

The typical feature of stitch-bonded direc-tionally oriented structures is the uniformdistribution of yarn ends without any gap

formation as a result of piercing principle.The process is extraordinarily flexible withrespect to yarn materials used, possibleyarn densities, layer construction, orienta-tion, and number and enables possibleintegration of fibrous webs, films, foams orother materials that can be pierced. Thisopens up versatile applications. Multi-plystructures with non-crimped and parallelyarn sheets are particularly suitable toreinforce plastics in order to form fibre-reinforced plastics (F.R.P.). Special proper-ties of such fibre-plastic composites are: Low specific weight

Utmost mechanical load resistance Adjustable stiffness from extremely stiffup to extremely stretchable

Resistance to corrosion and chemicals

Rotor blades for wind power stations,moulded parts for automotive, aircraft, andship building as well as articles for sportsand leisure-time activities such as e.g.skis, snowboards, surfboards or sportingboats have established as typical applica-tions of F.R.P. structures.


STITCH-BONDED FABRICS

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Advantages of multi-axial multi-ply structures

Dimensionally stable in any direction -usual angle positions from -45 via 90 upto +45 and 0, infinitely adjustable

Isotropic distribution of force lines, uni-form strain behaviour (Fig. 4)

Optimal utilisation of tensile yarn strengthin any direction of strain

Reinforced 3rd dimension i.e. in Z-direc-tion, thus, reduced delamination tenden-cy by interlacing yarn system

Directly oriented, parallel yarn layersstraightly placed each on top of the other- without yarn crimp, providing the follo-

wing advantages:- enhanced interlaminar shearing strength- reduced resin quantities- increased impact resistance- excellent draping characteristics (adju-

stable by interlacing) Low weight per unit area at utmost total

strength possible Cost-effective production and economic

make-up Product-relevant and variable layer struc-

ture in various angular directions (Fig. 5),allowing for additional materials to beincorporated - producible in one opera-tion only

Fibreglass, aramid, carbon, high-tenacityPES, PA, PE, and PP are used as yarnmaterials. Thermosetting or duroplasticmaterials and mineral matrix systems e.g.concrete are used as matrix materials.

Fig. 1: Stitch-bonding area BIAXIAL/MULTIAXIAL machineFig. 2: Multi-axial multi-ply structureFig. 3: Structure of a bi-axial multi-plyBeanspruchungFig. 4: Unlike woven fabrics, multi-axial

multi-ply structures feature a high shea-ring strength under diagonal strainsFig. 5: Carbon multi-ply fabric with +/-45yarn orientation

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axial yarn layers - CSM, the CSM-layersin F.R.P. ensure enhanced interlacingwith the matrix system and other laminarlayers as well as a more uniform F.R.P.surface. Production of these mono-, bi-and/or multi-axial multi-ply compositefabrics in one operation offers excellentprerequisites for cost-effective manufac-ture of long-fibre-reinforced F.R.P. asbeing used in vehicle, boat, tank, machi-ne, and sports equipment construction.Apart from parallel weft insertion, a slight-ly crossed weft lapping - MALIMO-speci-fic weft insertion - is possible on all stitch-bonding machines.

Fig. 6: Parallel-weft principleFig. 7: Cross-weft principleFig. 8+9: Structure of a bi-axially reinfor-ced stitch-bonded composite fabric

Bi-axially and multi-axially reinforced stitch-bonded compositefabrics

Composite fabrics can also be produced, using the stitch-bonding technology. Unlikethe already introduced warp-knitting technology, such fabrics can also be reinforcedmulti-axially. Besides any kind of fabrics to be pierced, layers of unbonded choppedglass strands (CSM - chopped strands mat) can be integrated, too. Such multi-plycomposite fabrics are of particular interest for the laminar construction of fibre-plasticcomposites. As to a multi-ply composite fabric with layer construction CSM - multi-


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FIBRE-PROCESSING STITCH-BONDING METHODS

Fig. 1: Stitch-bonding machine, model MALIWATT 14022

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Stitch-bonding technology allows produc-tion of purely mechanically bonded nonwo-vens on special fibre-processing stitch-bonding machines. Bonding takes placeby:

one- and/or two-sided formation of stit-ches from fibres of lengthwise-, cross-laidor random webs fed (e.g. MALIVLIES,

KUNIT or MULTIKNIT methods) by stitching-over of said fibrous webs with

a maximum of two stitch-forming knitting-yarn systems (MALIWATT method)

Stitch-bonding machines are altogethercharacterized by sturdy constructive de-sign including stitch-bonding area and bytheir outfit with a maximum of two stitch-forming guide bars. The machine gauge is

up to 22 needles per 25 mm with a maxi-mum output of 2,800 stitch courses/minuteand a working width of up to 6,150 mm.

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MALIVLIES

Stitch-bonded MALIVLIES nonwovensconsist to 100 % of fibres.When making such fabrics, fibres are gra-sped by the needle hook from a generallycross-laid fibrous web (Fig. 1). By pullingthese fibre strands through the half stit-ches hanging on the needle stem, a stitchpattern which resembles to that of a warp-knitted fabric is produced on the back sideof web (Fig. 2). The intensity of stitch for-mation is dependent on the number offibres in the needle hook and can be con-

trolled via the position of insertion sinkers. The advantages of MALIVLIES fabricscan be summarised as given below:- Cost-effective production at working widths of up to 6.15 m and exclusive of non-

spun fibrous material- All cardable kinds and blends of fibres can be processed- Commensurate strength-strain behaviour in lengthwise and cross directions, infi-

nitely adjustable (via fibrous material, weight per unit area, machine gauge, inter-meshing intensity, stitch length)

- Excellent draping characteristics and shaping facility- Excellent recycling facility and/or processing of reclaimed fibresTypical applications of stitch-bonded MALIVLIES fabrics are car headliners (Fig. 3)and laminating substrates for seat upholstery fabrics as foam substitutes.



Fig. 1: Schematic view of MALIVLIES productionFig. 2: Structure of a stitch-bonded MALIVLIES fabric

Fig. 3: Car headliner made of MALIVLIESFig. 4: Stitch-bonding machine, type MALIVLIES

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MALIWATT

Stitch-bonded MALIWATT fabrics are made of unbonded or pre-bonded fibrous websstitched-over across the entire surface or partly with one and/or two stitch-formingyarn systems (Fig. 1+2).The additional possibility for embedding pierce-through plane and/or scattering mate-rials will enhance the design variety of such structures (nonwovens/composites).Stitch-bonded MALIWATT fabrics offer the following advantages:- Cost-effective production at working widths of up to 6.15 m- All cardable kinds and blends of fibres as well as all pierce-through materials can

be processed as ground fabrics within a large weight per unit area range(15...3000 g/m2) with a fabric thickness of up to 20 mm

- Large count range of knitting yarns to be processed (44...4400 dtex), featuring thepossibility to work through pile sinker of up to 23 mm (one-side knitted pile)

- Strength-strain behaviour in lengthwise and cross directions adjustable via groundfabric/knitting yarn material, weight per unit area, machine gauge, knitting-yarninterlacing and tension, stitch length

- Additionally possible reinforcement of 0-direction by non-crimped filler yarns- High variety of variants thanks to the combination of various materials to make com-

posite fabrics

- Special MALIWATT G configuration toprocess fibreglass webs and/or choppedglass strands even in combination withsubstrate fabrics e.g. fibreglass fabrics

- Processing or reclaimed materials possibleExamples for application of MALIWATTfabrics are e.g. adhesive tapes to wraparound cable harnesses, insulation materi-als (fibreglass processing) and secondarycarpet backing (Fig. 3)



Fig. 1: Schematic view of MALIWATT pro-ductionFig. 2: Structure of a stitch-bonded MALI-WATT fabricFig. 3: Secondary carpet backing made ofMALIWATT

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When making KUNIT fabrics, a normallylengthwise-oriented fibrous web is foldedand compacted into a pile fibre web at afeed speed beyond fabric take-downspeed and supported by a brush bar (Fig. 1).Moreover, fibres are pressed into theneedle hook by brush bar and transfor-med into a stitch.So, a three-dimensional fabric made of100 % fibres is produced, comprised ofone stitch side and one pile side withalmost vertical fibre arrangement (Fig. 2)and offering the following advantages:- Cost-effective production at working

widths of up to 3.85 m and exclusiveuse of non-spun fibrous material

- All cardable kinds and blends of fibrescan be processed

- Very good permeability to air, excellentcompression elasticity (thanks to verti-cal fibre arrangement) at low weight perunit volume, fabric thickness of up to-10 mm

- Purposeful manipulation of properties(via fibrous material, weight per unitarea/volume, machine gauge, finish)

- Excellent shaping facility/draping cha-racteristics

- Very good recycling facility, processing-of reclaimed fibres possible

KUNIT fabrics are excellently suitable foruse as laminating substrate e.g. for carseat upholstery fabrics as foam substitu-te (Fig. 3), moreover, for soft-touch moul-ding parts, insulating/absorbing materialsand interior car trimming.

Fig. 1: Schematic view of KUNITproductionFig. 2: Structure of stitch-bonded

KUNIT fabricFig. 3: KUNIT laminating substratefor truck seats



KUNIT

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One and/or two one-side knitted pile fibrenonwovens made according to the KUNITtechnique are used as base materials forMULTIKNIT production (Fig. 4).

The result: a three-dimensional fabricmade of 100 % fibres whose top nonwo-ven sides are formed into a closed surfa-ce by intermeshing of fibres and joinedone with another by almost verticallyoriented fibres (Fig. 5).Pierce-through plane and/or scatteringmaterials can be embedded additionallyin this structure.Here are the resultant and general advan-tages of MULTIKNIT fabrics:Production of three-dimensional knittedstructures of high thickness (up to 16 mm)exclusively from fibres maintaining thevertical fibre arrangement between theouter plain stitch layers- All cardable kinds and blends of fibres

can be processed

- Very good permeability to air, excellentcompression elasticity (thanks to verticalfibre arrangement) at low weight per unitvolume

- Excellent shaping facility- Very good recycling facility, processingof reclaimed fibres possible

- High variety of variants thanks to thecombination of various materials as wellas the possibility of only partly stitch for-mation to make composite fabrics

MULTIKNIT fabrics are used, amongothers, as laminating/sub-upholstery fab-rics, soft-touch moulding parts, insula-ting/absorbing materials, interior car trim-ming, and filtering materials.

Fig. 1: Schematic view of MULTIKNITproductionFig. 2: Structure of stitch-bondedMULTIKNIT fabric



MULTIKNIT

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www.karlmayer.de

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Germany

KARL MAYER Textilmaschinenfabrik GmbH

Brhlstrae 25

D-63179 Obertshausen

Phone +49 6104 4020

Fax +49 6104 402 600

E-mail: [email protected]

KARL MAYER MALIMO

Textilmaschinenfabrik GmbH

Mauersbergerstrae 2, D-09117 Chemnitz

PF 713, D-09007 Chemnitz

Phone +49 371 81430

Fax +49 371 8143110


Sucker Textilmaschinen GmbH

Blumenberger Strae 143-145

D-41061 Mnchengladbach

Phone +49 2161 654661

Fax +49 2161 654669E-mail: [email protected]

Japan

NIPPON MAYER LTD.

No. 27-33 1-chome, Kamikitano

Fukui-City, 918-8522

Phone +81 776 54 5500

Fax +81 776 27 3400


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KARL MAYER (China) Ltd.

518 # South Changwu Road

Wujin District, Changzhou City

Jiangsu Province, Zip code: 213166

P.R.China

Phone +86 519 86198888

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Italy

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Via Trento N0 117

38017 Mezzolombardo (TN)

Phone +39 0461 6086 11

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UK

KARL MAYER Textile Machinery LTD.

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Leic. LE 12 9HT

Phone +44 1509 5020 56

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USA

KARL MAYER North America

Mayer Textile Machine Corp.310 North Chimney Rock Road

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Phone +1 336 2941572

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