lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox¿ - UN Nepal Information Platform
Transcript of lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox¿ - UN Nepal Information Platform
s0ff{nL k|b]z 1
lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox¿s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] cfwf/ tYofÍ k|ltj]bg
s0ff{nL k|b]z of]hgf cfof]u
efb| @)&&
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg2
k|sfzs
s0ff{nL k|b]z of]hgf cfof]us0ff{nL k|b]z ;/sf/jL/]Gb|gu/, ;'v]{t, g]kfnkmf]gM )*#–%@!^&^Od]nM [email protected]
www.ppc.karnali.gov.np
k|ltlnlk clwsf/ ©
s0ff{nL k|b]z of]hgf cfof]ujL/]Gb|gu/, ;'v]{t, g]kfn
kmf]6f]M e/taGw' yfkf
s0ff{nL k|b]z 3
lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox¿s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] cfwf/ tYofÍ k|ltj]bg
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg4
h'Dnf lhNnfdf cjl:yt l;+hf pkTosf, vfBfGg pTkfbgsf of] pkTosf k|l;4 5 . o;nfO{ v; ;Eotf pbud:ynsf ¿kdf klg lnOG5 .
s0ff{nL k|b]z 5
s0ff{nL k|b]zof]hgf cfof]u
dx]Gb| axfb'/ zfxL dfggLo d'VodGqL, cWoIf
k|f=8f= k'0ok|;fb /]UdL dfggLo pkfWoIf
8f= bLk]Gb| /f]sfof dfggLo ;b:o
of]u]Gb| axfb'/ zfxL dfggLo ;b:o
nIdLs'df/L a:g]t ;b:o, lg= k|d'v ;lrj
3gZofd pkfWofo ;b:o ;lrj, ;lrj–cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfno
ljifo ;ÒrL
! s0ff{nL ljz]ifsf] ;Gbe{ !
@ dfkgsf] cfwf/ / lbuf] ljsf; nIosf ljz]iftfx¿ %@=! lbuf] ljsf;sf nIoM km/flsnf] jf j[xt\ ljsf; cjwf/0ff (@=@ lbuf] ljsf;sf nIoM hl6n k|0ffnL !)
# s0ff{nL k|b]zdf lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo ;"rsx¿sf] cfwf/ tYof° cj:yf !#
$ tYof°sf] pknAwtf @%
% sfof{Gjog / gLltut lbzf @(%=! klxrfg #!%=@ ;+oGqx¿ #@%=# nufgL #&%=$ ;+:yfx¿ $)
;ª\If]kLs/0fsf] ;"rL &*/]vflrq / tflnsf ;"rL &(;Gbe{ ;fdu|L *)
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg10
cWofo
8f]Nkf lhNnfdf cjl:yt kmf]S;'08f] tfn . of] tfn ;d'Gb|L ;txaf6 #^!! ld6/ prfOdf /x]sf] 5 . tfnsf] ulx/fO !$% ld6/ 5 . of] s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] Pp6f cfsif{s tyf k|d'v ko{6sLo uGtJo xf] .
s0ff{nL k|b]z 1
s0ff{nL ljz]ifsf] ;Gbe{
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg2
s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] pQ/df rLg, klZrddf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z tyf k"j{df u08sL / blIf0fdf k|b]z % kb{5g\ . of] k|b]z cGtu{t %$ ufFpkflnsf / @% gu/kflnsf 5g\ eg] sl/a @(*,#%( 3/w'/Lx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . #),@!! ju{ lsnf]ld6/df km}lnPsf] s0ff{nL k|b]z e"–efusf lx;fan] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] k|b]z xf] . o;n] g]kfnsf] s'n e"–efusf] @!=^ k|ltzt hldg cf]u6]sf] 5 . lj=;+= @)^* sf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ oxfF !%,&),$!* dflg;x¿ a;f]af; ub{5g\ . g]kfnsf] s"n hg;ª\Vofsf] of] ^ k|ltzt dfq xf] . s0ff{nL ;a}eGbf sd hg3gTj -%^ hgf k|lt ju{ lsld_ ePsf] k|b]z xf] .
ljsf;sf y'k|} cfofdx¿df s0ff{nL k|b]z t'ngfTds lx;fan] kl5 5 . sl/a @*=( k|ltzt hgtf lg/k]If ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg 5g\, k|ltJolQm cfo ^)^ 8n/ 5, h'g /fli6««o cf};teGbf lgs} sd xf] . ;fIf/tf ^@ k|ltzt -k'?ifsf] &@ / dlxnfsf] %#_ /x]sf] 5 .! To;}u/L %!=@ k|ltzt hgtf ax'cfoflds ul/aLdf /x]sf 5g\ -/fli6«o cf};t @* k|ltzt_ . of] k|b]zsf] dfgj ljsf; ;"rfÍ )=$@& /x]sf]5, h'g /fli6«o cf};t )=$( k|ltzteGbf yf]/} xf] .
s0ff{nL af;Lsf] cf};t cfo' ^& jif{ 5 h'g cGo k|b]zx¿sf t'ngfdf ;a}eGbf Go"g xf] .@ kfFr jif{ d'lgsf %* afnjflnsfx¿df s'kf]if0f 5 . ;fy} #%=( k|ltzt hgtfx¿ :jR5 vfg]kfgLaf6 ljd'v 5g\ / zf}rfnosf] ;'ljwf k'u]sf] hg;ª\Vof s]jn %) k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L k|b]zdf $## j6f ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? 5g\ h'g g]kfnsf] qmdzM ^ / * k|ltzt dfq x'g cfpF5 .#
ef}lts ;+/rgfsf lx;fan] /0fg}lts ;8s ;~hfn !,!#@ lsdL 5 h;dWo] %! k|ltzt kSsL 5, #% k|ltzt w'nfDo / !# k|ltzt Uf|fe]n ;8s 5 . u|fdL0f ;8s *%&=# lsdL 5 h;dWo] # k|ltzt dfq kSsL 5 .$ xfn;Dd *=@% d]ufjf6 ljB't /fli6«o u|L8df hf]l8Psf] 5 . o:t} $* d]uffjf6sf] e]/L aaO{ 8fOe;{g -l;rfO{“_ kl/of]hgf, ()) d]ufjf6sf] dflyNnf] s0ff{nL ljB't kl/of]hgf, gnl;+xuf8, km'sf]6, j]tg, hub'Nnf, ltnf nufotsf kl/of]hgfx¿ lgdf{0fflwg 5g\ .
o; k|b]zdf hftLo agf}6sf] cj:yf x]bf{ ;a}eGbf a9L a|fDx0f / If]qL -^@ k|ltzt_, blnt -@# k|ltzt_, hghflt -!# k|ltzt_, yf? -)=% k|ltzt_, dw]zL -)=@$ k|ltzt_ / d';ndfg -)=!* k|ltzt_ /x]sf 5g\ . ;a}eGbf a9L af]lng] efiff g]kfnL xf] -(% k|ltzt_ / To;kl5 du/ efiff af]lnG5 . clwsfz+ dflg;x¿ lxGb' 5g\ -(% k|ltzt_ eg] a'4dfuL{ -# k|ltzt_, OzfO{ -! k|ltzt_ / cGo -)=@& k|ltzt_ /x]sf 5g\ .
k|b]zn] g]kfnsf] s"n u|fx:y pTkfbgdf $ k|ltzt eGbf sd of]ubfg u5{ . k|b]zsf] s"n ufx\{:y pTkfbgdf hg k|zf;g / /Iff -!! k|ltzt_ sf] lx:;f clws 5 eg] qmdzM lzIff -& k|ltzt_, :jf:Yo / ;fdflhs ;]jf -& k|ltzt_, xf]6]n / /]:6'/]06 -% k|ltzt_ / cGo ;fd'bflos, ;fdflhs / JolQmut ;]jf;DjGwL lqmofsnfk -% k|ltzt_ /x]sf] 5 . s[lif, ag k}bfj/, lgdf{0f / ljQLo If]qsf] of]ubfg c;fWo} Go"g 5 h'g qmdzM $, )=& / )=( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .%
g]kfne/ ljQLo ;+:yfsf $,@)@ zfvf pkzfvfx¿dWo] -!% h'nfO{ @)!*_ of] k|b]zdf tLg k|ltzt dfq /x]sf 5g\ . cGo k|b]zx¿sf] t'ngfdf of] ;a}eGbf sd xf] . o;sf ;fy} k|b]zsf] a}+sdfk{mt\ gub ;Íng / C[0f k|jfxsf] cj:yf hDdf Ps k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . s[lifdf ;a}eGbf a9L pTkfbg cfn'sf] !((,%))=%$ d]l6«s 6g, o;}u/L ds} !%@,%&& d]l6«s 6g / b"w !^),&&@ lsnf] ln6/ /x]sf] 5 . !%=% k|ltzt v]tLof]Uo hldgsf] e""efudf l;FrfOsf] ;''ljwf 5 h'g cGo k|b]zx¿sf] t'ngfdf ;a}eGbf sd xf] . of] If]qn] k|To]s jif{ !^=* xhf/ d]l6«s 6g vfB ckof{Kttf ef]Ub} cfPsf] 5 .
! tYofÍdf g]kfn -;g\ @)!(_@ cy{ dGqfno -;g\ @)!(_# cy{ dGqfno -;g\ @)!(_$ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -;g\ @)!^_ % s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu-;g\ @)!(_
s0ff{nL k|b]z 3
s0ff{nL k|b]zdf /f/f / ;]—kmf]S;'G8f] tfnh:tf pNn]Vo ko{6sLo cfsif{0fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . ;'v]{tsf] sfFq]mlaxf/sf cjz]ifx¿ sDaf]l8ofsf c+sf]/jf6 dlGb/x¿;Fu ldNbfh'Nbf b]lvG5g\ . cGo ;fF:s[lts dxTjsf :yfgx¿df b]ptL ah}, k~rsf]zL, Hjfnf If]q, vfk'{gfy, 5fofgfy / rGbggfy nufot dlGb/x¿ kb{5g\ . sfl~h/f]jf, sflGt / uf]/v nufot cGo y'k|} lxdlzv/x¿ klg oxfF cjl:yt 5g\ .
k/Dk/fut /]zd dfu{sf sf/0f ;'v]{t lhNnf kmf:6 6«ofs aGg;Sbf klZrd rLgsf] cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ / ko{6gsf] dfWod aGg s0ff{nL k|b]zn] alnof] ;Defjgf af]s]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs nufgLsf s]xL ;fdflhs cfly{s sfo{qmdx¿sf nflu klg of] k|b]z nufgLof]Uo 5 . h:tf] s0ff{nL /f]huf/ sfo{qmdn] /fli6«o :j¿k cFufn]sf] 5 . k|b]zsf] ef}uf]lns ljzfntfn] ubf{ ;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf eg] vr{ a9L x'g] b]lvG5 .
;fy}, pRr k|ltkmn lbg] ko{6g, s[lif k|zf]wg h8La'6L / hnljB't If]qdf s0ff{nL k|b]zn] 7"nf] ;Defjgf af]s]sf] 5 . oL ;Defjgfx¿nfO{ ;kmn agfpg ;+3Lo ;Gbe{df ;+3Lo, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf :ki6 kfl/g' h?/L x'G5 . 7f]; ef}lts tyf sfo{qmdut\ ;+/rgfx¿ s:tf] /xg], cfGtl/s tyf j}b]lzs nufgL s;/L leq\ofpg] / u'0f:t/Lo dfgj ;+;fwgsf] Joj:yf s;/L ug]{ h:tf ;jfnx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{ cfjZos 5 .
;+:yfut ljsf; / hg k|zf;gdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] xf] eg] ljsf;sf k|z:t cj;/x¿ :yflkt u/fpg ;Sg] cj:yf o; k|b]zdf /x]sf] 5 . csf]{ zAbdf, pBd tyf lghL ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] pTkfbsTj j[l4n] Joj;fox¿df hg:t/af6 nufgL / k|b]zsf cfly{s ;Defjgfx¿ clej[l4 ug{ pNn]Vo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;S5g\ .
k/Dk/fut klx/xgdf ;lhPsf lxdfnL If]qsf dlxnfx¿
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg4
cWofo
s0ff{nL k|b]z 5
x'Dnf lhNnfdf cjl:yt lxdfnsf] sfvdf /x]sf] lnDtfª ufpF
lbuf] ljsf; nIox¿sf dfgshGo cfwf/ tyf ljz]iftfx¿
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg6
lbuf] ljsfzsf nIox? PsLs[t 9Ëaf6 ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f ;lxt jftfj/0fLo ¿kdf lbuf] cfly{s ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zoaf6 cfPsf] xf] . d"ntM ljZjJofkL cfbz{ ;dfh lgdf{0f ug]{ clek|foaf6 cfPsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff tnsf tLgj6f dfGotfaf6 k|]l/t 5M
n klxnf], k|r'/ ;DkGgtfsf] aLrdf ul/aL /xg' x'Gg .n bf];|f], d'n'sx¿n] ;fdflhs ;b\efj / ultzLntf sfod /fVb} c;dfgtfx¿ cGTo ug]{ / ;dfh leq /
aflx/ /x]sf y'k|} lje]bx¿sf] cGTo ug'{kb{5 .n t];|f], k[YjLsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ g}lts bfloTj ;a}n] lng' kb{5 .
lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo nfu' ug'{cl3, ljZj ;d'bfon] ;g\ @))! b]lv ;g\ @)!% ;Dd ;x>fAbL ljsf; nIox¿sf] sfof{Gjog u¥of] . tL p2]Zox¿ k|fo ;kmn g} /x] lsgeg] ltgLx¿sf] ;do;Ldf lyof], kl/0ffdd'vL lyP / d"NofÍg ug{ klg ;lhnf lyP . t/klg, sltko ;jfnx¿ ljsf;sf cGtlg{lxt sf/0fx¿ pTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf;, ljsf;sf] u'0ffTdstfdf k'Ug ;s]gg\ . lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo ;x>fAbL ljsf; nIox¿sf] lg/Gt/tf / lj:tf/ dfq geP/ ltgLx¿n] c;dfgtf, pTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf;, ljsf;sf] / dfgj clwsf/ h:tf hl6n d'2fx¿nfO{ klg ;Daf]wg ug{ vf]h]sf] b]lvG5 . ljsf;sf] ;jfndf logn] ;af{ËL0f rl/q af]s]sf 5g\ . sltko cj:yfdf p2]Zox¿ Wf]/} g} dflyNnf] :t/sf ePsf]n] sltko ;/sf/n] tL nIo tyf kl/df0ffTds nIonfO{ clenfiffsf ¿kdf x]/]sf] kfOG5 .
g]kfnsf] jt{dfg ljsf; d~raf6 x]bf{ !& j6f lbuf] ljsf;sf nIonfO{ lgDg >]0fLdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5M
;Eotfsf] cfwf/e"t dfgsM k|ljlwsf] k|r'/tf / ljQLo cj;/x¿sf] pknAwtfn] cfhsf] ljZjn] cTofjZos cfjZostfx¿sf] k"lt{ ub}{ ;a} gful/ssf] cfzf k'/f ug{ ;Sg] cj;/ pknAw 5 . o;nfO{ @! cf}F ztfAbLdf ef}lts cfjZostfx¿ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sg] cfwf/e"t dfgssf] ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . o;nfO{ ;zQmLs/0fdf cfwfl/t dfgj ljsf; dfGg ;lsG5 h;n] dfgjLo Ifdtfx¿nfO{ clej[l4 ub}{ pgLx¿sf] hLjgnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ ljleGg k|lqmof / 36gfx¿ axg ug{ ;sf];\ . ul/ax¿nfO{ cTofjZos ;fdu|L pkef]udf ;Lldt /fv]/ kmut cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k"lt{ ug]{ cjwf/0ff dfgj ljsf;sf b[li6sf]0fn] k/fwLgd'vL 7xl/G5 . ;af{lË0f ljsf;sf] cjwf/0fn] dof{bf / cfTd;Ddfg h:tf ;jfnx¿nfO{ lgSs} dxTj lbG5, / kl/0ffd:j¿kM dflg;nfO{ ;du| k|lqmofdf efu lng k|]l/t u5{ / cfocfh{g, Ifdtf clej[l4 / /fhgLlts cfjfh d'vl/t ug{ ;3fpF5 .
lbuf] ljsf;sf nIonfO{ ;Eotf bzf{pg] cfjZostf dfGg ;lsG5 . logn] ;a} k|sf/sf ul/aL ;a} 7fFpaf6 cGTo ug{ cfXjfg u5{g\ -nIo !_Ù ef]sd/Lsf] cGTo, vfB ;'/Iff tyf pGgt kf]if0f xfl;n / lbuf] s[lif k|j4{g ug]{ -nIo @_Ù ;a}sf nflu ;kmf kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOdf kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{ -nIo ^_Ù / ;a}sf nflu lskmfotL, e/kbf]{, lbuf] / pGgt pmhf{df kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{ -nIo &_ ;jfndf hf]8 lbG5g\ .
dfgjLo Ifdtfx¿ / lgsfosf] ljsf; k|of;M :j:Yo hLjg / 1fgdf kx'Fr x'g'nfO{ ljsf; nIosf] dxTjk"0f{ s8L dflgG5 . o;n] dfgjdf cGtlg{lxt d"NonfO{ phfu/ ub{5, s]jn pTkfbgzLn cy{tGqnfO{ dfq of]ubfg ug]{ xf]Og . c;dfgtfsf ;a} :j¿kx¿sf] cGTo ug'{nfO{ cfw'lgs, ;Eo / nf]stflGqs /fi6«— /fHosf] cjwf/0ff dflgG5 . ;dtf sfod ug{ dflg;x¿sf] cj;/x¿dfly Goflos kx'Frdf j[l4 x'g'k5{ . cyf{t, ljBdfg zlQm ;Gt'ngdf ;'wf/ cfjZos k5{ h;af6 k'FhLsf] ljt/0f, h:t}– hldg, C0f, cfly{s sfo{qmdx¿–dfk{mt
s0ff{nL k|b]z 7
;fj{hlgs cfosf] ljt/0f, k5f8L k/]sf ;d'bfo, hflt lnËsf nflu ;xeflutfsf] cj;/ j[l4 nufot ljleGg ;fdflhs cfly{s ;'wf/x¿ cfjZos k5{ .
o; ;d"xdf kg]{ lbuf] ljsf;sf nIon] dflg;sf Ifdtfx¿nfO{ clej[l4 ug{ k|of; ub{5g\ . logn] :j:y hLjg ;'lglZrt ug]{ / ;a} pd]/sf ;a} dflg;sf] sNof0f ug]{ -nIo #_ tyf ;a}sf nflu ;dfj]zL / ;dtfd"ns u'0f:t/Lo lzIff ;'lglZrt ug]{ / hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf cj;/x¿ k|j4{g ug{ cfXjfg u5{g\ . n}lËs ;dfgtf xfl;n ug]{ / ;a} dlxnf, lszf]/L / aflnsfx¿nfO{ ;zQm agfpg] -nIo %_Ù d'n'sleq} / d'n'sx¿aLr c;dfgtf 36fpg] -nIo !)_Ù lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu zflGtk"0f{ / ;dfj]zL ;dfhsf] k|j4{g ug]{, ;a}sf] Gofodf kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{ / ;a} txdf k|efjsf/L, hjfkmb]xL / ;dfj]zL ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf ug]{ -nIo !^_ s'/fx? klg o; cGtu{t kb{5g\ .
cgj/t k|ultsf] cfwf/M cfly{s j[l4 eg]sf] u'0f:t/Lo hLjg ofkgsf nflu cfjZos ;|f]tx¿sf] aGbf]a:t / Joj:yfkg ug]{ xf] . o;n] pTkfbsTjnfO{ lg/Gt/ a9fpg clek|]l/t u5{ . dfgj ljsf; eg]sf] pRrtd dfgjLo tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; u/L pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug'{ xf], -h:t}– kf]if0fo'Qm vfgf, u'0f:t/Lo lzIff / dof{lbt >djf/] hfgsf/L_, h'g dflg;sf ;Dklt x'g\ . dflg;nfO{ pTkfbgsf b[li6n] dfq x]/]/ k'Ub}g, ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffn] klg pgLx¿nfO{ cleGg cË dfGg'k5{ .
o; ;d"x cGtu{tsf lbuf] ljsf;sf nIon] e/kbf]{, ;dfj]zL / lbuf] cfly{s j[l4 tyf ;a}sf nflu k"0f{ / pTkfbgd'ns /f]huf/L / dof{lbt sfdsf] k|j4{g ug]{ -nIo *_, pTyfgzLn k"jf{wf/sf] lgdf{0f ug]{, ;dfj]zL / lbuf] cf}Bf]uLs/0fsf] k|j4{g ug]{ / gjLg vf]hnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ -nIo (_, zx/ tyf dfgj a;f]af;nfO{ ;dfj]zL, ;'/lIft, pTyfgzLn / lbuf] agfpg] -nIo !!_, / lbuf] pkef]u tyf pTkfbg k|0ffnL ;'lglZrt ug]{ -nIo !@_ nIo /fv]sf 5g\ .
x'Dnf lhNnfsf] lndL pkTosf hfg] af6f]df /x]sf] sf7] k'n .
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg8
eljiosf nflu ;d[l4sf hf]lvdx¿M hnjfo' kl/jt{g b]lv anlnFbf] ;fd'lb|s ptf/r9fj, ;d'Gb|t6df cjl:yt ;|f]tx¿ / hldg, h+un / h}ljs ljljwtfdf b]lvPsf] x|f;sf] x]Ssf /fVb} cfly{s j[l4nfO{ sfod ug{ k[YjLsf k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿ klg ;+/If0f ub}{ hfg'k5{ . jftfj/0fsf] ljgf;sf] d"Nodf ef}lts ljsf; 78ØfOg' x'Fb}g . lbuf]kgf s]jn k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿sf] gjLs/0f;Fu dfq ;DjlGwt 5}g . To;}n] dfgj ljsf;sf b[li6sf]0fn] ef}lts, dfgjLo, cfly{s / jftfj/0fLo ;|f]tx¿sf] k|of]u ubf{ jt{dfg lkF9Ln] efjL lkF9LnfO{ ef/ gkfg]{ tj/n] ul/g'k5{ .
of] ;d"x cGtu{tsf lbuf] ljsf;sf nIon] hnjfo' kl/jt{g / o;sf k|efjlj?4 n8\g tTsfn sf/afxL yfNg] -nIo !#_, ;d'b|, / ;d'b|L ;|f]tx¿sf] ;+/If0f tyf lbuf] k|of]u -nIo !$_, e"ldhGo h}ljs rqmsf] ;Da4{g, k'g{:yfkgf tyf k|j4{g u/L jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug]{, d?e"dLs/0f lj?4 cleofg, e"IfoLs/0f /f]sL e";+/If0f ug]{ / h}ljs ljljwtfsf] x|f;nfO{ sd ug]{ -nIo !%_ kb{5g\ . oL nIox¿sf /fli6«o, If]qLo / ljZjJofkL cfofd /x]sf 5g\ . lbuf] ljsf; nIo !& n] lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu ljZjJofkL ;fe]mbf/LnfO{ k'ghL{jg lbg] p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
lbuf] ljsf;sf nIonfO{ o;/L ;d"xx¿df k|:t't ug'{sf] p2]Zo ljifout ;Gbe{sf nflu xf] . oL nIox¿nfO{ tLgj6f ljz]iftfx¿n] cGof]Gofl>t ¿kdf hf]8]sf 5g\ . k|ydtM logn] :jtGqtfnfO{ j[xt\ :j¿kdf clËsf/ ub}{ 5gf}6sf cj;/x¿ / dfgj ljsf;sf] a9f]Q/L u5{g\ . bf];|f], logn] hl6n k|0ffnLsf ljz]iftfx¿ bzf{pF5g\ . t];|f] oL nIox¿n] ;xsfo{sf cj;/x¿ nufot ;Demf}tf ug'{kg]{ ljsNkx¿ klg kl:sG5g\ . logsf] af/]df tn ;lj:tf/ rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .
h'Dnfsf] k|l;l4 sdfPsf] sfnf] l;dLsf] la:s'g ;'sfpFb} Ps dlxnf . oxfFsf] l;dLsf] bfn b]z}e/L k|l;4 5 .
s0ff{nL k|b]z 9
@=! lbuf] ljsf;sf nIoM ljsf;sf] j[xt\ cjwf/0ff/fi6«sf ax'd'No ;Dklt g} dflg; x'g\ / ljsf;sf] clGtd k|ltkmn klg pgLx¿n] axg ug'{k5{ eGg] dfGotfaf6 ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] dfgj ljsf;nfO{ dflg;sf 5gf}6 ug]{ cj;/x¿ k|bfg ug]{ k|s[ofsf] ¿kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 . oL cj;/x¿ c;Lldt klg x'\g;S5g\ t/ d'VotM nfdf] / :j:Yo hLjg hLpg], 1fg xfl;n ug]{ / u'0f:t/Lo hLjgofkgsf nflu cfjZos ;|f]t;fwgdf kx'Fr /fVg] /x]sf 5g\ . ;fdflhs, cfly{s / /fhg}lts :jtGqtfx¿sf] k|flKt nufot /rgfTds / pTkfbgd'vL aGg' / cfTd;Ddfg / dfgjclwsf/sf] k|Tofe"ltnfO{ cltl/Qm 5gf}6sf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 .^
cdTo{ ;]g nufotsf] cWoogdf dfgj ljsf;sf] ;du| ¿k/]vfn] ul/aLnfO s]jn cfoaf6 dfq xf]Og{ d'Vo¿kdf Ifdtfx¿af6 Ro"t ePsf] cj:yfnfO{ hgfpF5 . cy{k"0f{ dof{lbt hLjg lhpg kfpg] cj;/x¿sf] 5gf}6 ug]{ cj;/af6 al~rtLs/0fdf kg'{ g} ul/aL dflgG5 . dfgj ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffn] dflg;sf] ;Ifdtfsf] ljsf; s;/L ePsf] 5 / Tof] ;Ifdtfsf] pkof]u slt ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbG5 . cj;/x¿ clej[l4 ug{ dfq cfo dxTjk"0f{ 7xl/G5 . To;}n] of] ;du| cjwf/0ff b'O{ vDafdf k|ltljlDat x'G5 M
n dfgj Ifdtfx¿sf] lgdf{0f ug]{, h:t} lzlIft x'g], :j:Yo x'g] / ;|f]tx¿dfly kx'Frdf k|e'Tj :yflkt ug]{Ùn dflg;n] xfl;n u/]sf] IfdtfnfO{ km';{bsf] ;b'kof]u, pTkfbg, /fhg}lts tyf cfly{s :jtGqtf / ;fdflhs
;fF:s[lts ;jfnx¿df ;xeflutfsf nflu pkof]u ug]{ .
ljsf;sf] :jefljs dfGotf cfo a9fpg' ePklg, u'0f:t/Lo hLjgsf nflu c;n lzIff / kf]if0f, :jR5 jftfj/0f nufot pRr JolQmut :jtGqtf h:tf c¿ y'k|} kIfx¿ hf]l8Psf x'G5g\ . o;sf] cy{ pRr cfDbfgL cfjZos ePklg of] cfk}mdf kof{Kt eg] x'Fb}g .
ljsf;sf] clGtd k|ltkmn kfpg] hgtf g} x'g\ eGg] cjwf/0ffsf] ;f/ æsf]xL klg g5'6'gÆ eGg] l;4fGt xf] . ax'd'vL lje]bx¿ -lnË, ju{, hftLotf, hft nufot_ nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;'ema'emk"0f{ gLltut cEof;x¿ cfjZos kb{5 . ;fy} ef}uf]lns Pj+ ;+s6fkGgtfsf] sf/0fn] k5f8L k/]sfx¿ ;dIfdf k'Ug /fHon] ljz]if kxn ug{'k5{ . pbfx/0fsf nflu Oltxf;b]lv g} cGofodf k/]sfx¿sf] xsdf ;sf/fTds lje]bsf] dfWodåf/f kl/jt{gsf/L sbd lng ;lsG5 . ;fdflhs ;fF:s[lts ljljwtfn] el/k"0f{ t/ ef}uf]lns lx;fan] b'u{d / s]Gb|Ls[t zf;g k|0ffnLaf6 Oltxf;b]lv g} al~rtLs/0fdf k/]sf] s0ff{nL k|b]zdf oL k|of;x¿n] ljz]if dxTj /fVb5g\ .
Ifdtfx¿ clej[l4 ug]{ / cj;/sf 5gf}6 a9fpb} n}hfg] b'j} kIfnfO{ ljsf;n] ;Fu} nfg'k5{ . lkªs/ -;g\ @)!*_ sf] egfO{df ljsf;sf x/]s cfofddf ljZj ;'wf/f]Gd'v 5 .
^ dfgj ljsf; k|ltj]bg !(() -k[= !)_
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg10
@=@ lbuf] ljsf;sf nIoM Ps hl6n k|0ffnLlbuf] ljsf; dfgshGo cjwf/0ff dfq xf]O{g, of] Pp6f hl6n lj1fg xf] h;df cfly{s, ;fdflhs, jftfj/0fLo / zf;sLo kIfx¿ ;d]l6Psf x'G5g\ . o;sf] cGt/;DaGwn] Pp6f hl6n k|0ffnL lgdf{0f u5{ . o;sf] of]ukmn oL rf/j6f kIfsf] s""n of]ukmn eGbf a9L x'G5 .& pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf, o'jf /f]huf/L ;Lk / lzIff;Fu dfq ufFl;Psf] x'Fb}g, of] oftfoft ;Fusf] kx'Frb]lv ljBfno egf{ b/;Fu klg ;DjlGwt x'G5 .
:of; -;g\ @)!%_n] pNn]v u/] e}mF, cGt/f{li6«o cy{tGqsf hl6n k|0ffnLx¿n] ubf{ ;fdflhs cGt/;DaGw, hnjfo' kl/jt{g / o;sf r'gf}ltx¿ axg ug{ ;Sg] ;dfg cj:yf b]lvb}g . pbfx/0fsf nflu of] k|0ffnLdf cfOkg]{ ;fdfGo kl/jt{gn] klg k[YjLsf] ;du| k|0ffnLdf 7"nf] k|efj kfg{ ;S5 .
o:tf] hl6n ;DaGw a'‰g k|0ffnLut cjwf/0ff ;xof]uL x'G5 . of] cjwf/0ffsf cg';f/ lbuf] ljsf; eGg' g} jftfj/0f, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k|0ffnLx¿ cGtu{t nIox¿ xfl;n ug'{ xf] .* jt{dfg cj:yfdf ;'zf;g yk dxTjk"0f{ s8Lsf ¿kdf b]vfk/]sf] 5 . :of; -;g\ @)!!_ sf cg';f/ lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu PsLs[t ljZj cy{tGqsf hl6n k|0ffnLx¿sf] /fd|f] a'emfO{ cfjZos kb{5 . :yfgLo / ;d'bfo txdf ljZjf; hufpg, g}lts cEof; a9fpg, c;dfgtf sd ug{ ;fdflhs ;~hfnx¿sf] k|of]u ug{]tk{m ;"rgf k|ljlwx¿sf] k|of]unfO{ ljsf; ug'{ xf] . hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf h}ljs ljljwtf h:tf ljifox¿df o;n] hf]8 lbb} kof{j/0f / jftfj/0fdf e}/x]sf km]/abnx¿sf] cWoog, ;'zf;gsf r'gf}tLx¿sf] cWoog nufot ;/sf/ / pBdx¿af6 ePsf] pknAwL ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg ub{5 .
lrq @=! n] lbuf] ljsf;sf] k|0ffnLut cjwf/0ffnfO{ k|:t't ub{5 . oxfF cfly{s, ;fdflhs, jftfj/0fLo / zf;sLo u/L rf/ cfofdnfO{ cf}NofOPsf] 5 . k/:k/ hf]l8Psf] 3]/f k|ToIf jf k/f]If ¿kdf Ps cfk;df ;DalGwt 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu, lbuf] ljsf; nIo ! -ul/aLsf] cGTo_ ;fdflhs cfly{s k|s[ltsf] 5 eg] n}lËs c;dfgtfnfO{ ;fdflhs ;d"x cGtu{t ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5 . cfly{s ;fdflhs ;d"xn] a9L cfo -dlxnfsf] xsdf_ ubf{ ul/aL dfq Go"gLs/0f geP/, dlxnf ;zlQms/0fdf klg of]ubfg u5{ / n}lËs ;dfgtf k|j4{gdf ;3fpF5 .
To;}u/L, cfk;df vlK6Psf v08x¿n] rf/cf]6} ;d"xut k|0ffnLnfO{ k|ltlglwTj u5{g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu pRr cfon] ul/aLsf] cGTo -nIo !_ ug{ dfq ;3fpFb}g, ul/asf nflu z}lIfs cj;/df klg ;'wf/ NofpF5 -nIo $_, jftfj/0fk|lt ;r]t gful/s tof/ kf/L hnjfo' ;DjGwL sfd ug{ -nIo !#_ / hjfkmb]xL / k|efjsf/L ;+:yfx¿ lgdf0f{ ug{ k|]l/t u5{ .
lbuf] ljsf;sf ;a} nIox¿ Ps}k6s xfl;n x'g ;Sb}gg\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf cy{tGqn] dfgjLo jl~rtLs/0f 36fpg ;xof]u ug'{k5{, ;fy} h}ljs k'gp{Tkfbg / kof{j/0fsf] ef/ jxg ug{;Sg] u/L ;fdflhs Gofo / ;'zf;gdf hf]8 lbg'k5{ .( xf]dau{ / :ofga'|s -;g\ !((@_ sf cg';f/ ;du| k|0ffnLdf Pp6f nIosf cGo k|efjx¿nfO{ pk]Iff u/L l;Ëf]] nIo xfl;n u/]/ lbuf] ljsf; k|fKt x'Fb}g . pbfx/0fsf nflu snsf/vfgfx¿sf nflu cfjZos sRrf kbfy{sf] a9L k|of]un] cy{tGqdf ;'wf/ t Nofpnf t/ ;f] sbdn] gsf/fTds jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs c;/x¿ kfg]{ ;Defjgf klg /xG5 .
& :of; -;g\ @)!%_* jf/ljo/ -;g\ !(*&_( jf/ljo/ / ah]{; ;g\ @)!&
lrq @=!M ljleGg If]qx¿sf] k/:k/sf] ;DaGw
zf;sLojftfj/0fLo;fdflhs
cfly{s
s0ff{nL k|b]z 11
a:t'efpsf nflu 3fF;sf] ef/L af]s]/ 3/lt/ nfUb} Ps dlxnf
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg12k/Dk/fut nf]s afhf bdfxf ahfpFb} :yfgLo Ps ;d"x . vf;u/L blnt ;d'bfon] k':tf}b]lv of] afhf ahfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . kxf8L e]sdf rf8kj{ / v'zLofnL dgfpg] ljleGg cj;/df ahfOg] of] afhf lgs} k|l;4 5 .
cWofo
s0ff{nL k|b]z 13
s0ff{nL k|b]zdf lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo ;"rsx¿sf] cfwf/ tYof° cj:yf
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg14
ljut jif{x¿df s]xL ;fdfGo ;'wf/ b]lvPklg s0ff{nLsf] ljsf;sf] ;du| lbuf] ljsf;sf cfwf/ tYofÍ ;"rsx¿sf] cj:yf /fd|f] 5}g . hg;ª\Vofsf] 7"nf] lx:;f, ljz]ifu/L dlxnfx¿ ul/a / clzlIft 5g\, s[lif pTkfbg sdhf]/ 5, ;+/rgf kof{Kt 5}gg\ / cj;/x¿df Go"g kx'Fr 5 . o;sf/0f :jf:Yo, lzIff / ;|f]t;fwgdf u'0f:t/Lo k|ult x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cGo k|b]zeGbf s0ff{nL ul/a 5 . /fli6«o :t/sf] pkef]udf cfwfl/t ul/aL @%=! k|ltzt /xFbf s0ff{nLsf] ul/aL #*=* k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . #%=# k|ltzt afnjflnsfx¿ ul/a 5g\!) eg] cGt/f{li6«o :t/df k|rlnt !=( cd]l/sL 8n/eGbf sd cfo ePsfsf] hg;ª\Vof @&=! k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 -tflnsf #=!_ .
To;}u/L k|b]zsf] ax'cfoflds ul/aL ;"rfÍ -PdkLcfO{_, %!=@ /x]sf] 5 h'g cGo k|b]zx¿eGbf pRr xf] . k|ltJolQm u0fgfsf] cfwf/df cfwfeGbf a9L hg;+Vof ax'cfoflds ul/aLdf /x]sf 5g\ .
tflnsf #=!M ul/aLsf] Jofkstf
!) kfFr aif{ d'lgsf afnjflnsf ePsf / lg/k]If ul/aLsf] /]vfdf /x]sf 3/w'/Lx¿!! /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / cS;kmf]8{
v]tLof]Uo hldgsf] hDdf #!=% k|ltzt dfq l;FrfO{sf] ;'ljwf ePsfn] o; k|b]zn] cS;/ vfB ;d:of ef]Ub} cfPsf] 5 . k|To]s jif{ !^=* xhf/ d]l6«s 6g vfBfGg sdL /xb} cfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L, /fli6«o cf}ift vfBfGg pTkfbg !(& s]hL / s0ff{nLsf] k|ltJolQm vfB pTkfbg !*% s]hL dfq 5 . cf};tdf ;fgf vfB pTkfbsx¿sf] jflif{s cfo klg sd} -hDdf ? @*,!)@_ /x]sf] 5 . sl/a ^#=! k|ltzt hg;+Vofn] s'n pkef]usf] b'O{ ltxfO{ vfBdf vlr{G5g\ -/fli6«o cf};t $$ k|ltzt 5_ .
cy{zf:qLo l;4fGt cg';f/ w/w'/Lsf] cfDbfgL hlt a9\b}} hfG5, ;f]xL cg'kftdf vfBfGgdf x'g] vr{ sd x'G5 . gLltut b[li6sf]0faf6 klg pk/f]Qm tYon] k|b]zsf] cf};t hLjg:t/af/] atfpF5 eg] vfB ;fdu|Ldf d"No a9\bf hf]lvd a9\b} hfg] s'/fsf] phfu/ ub{5 . vfBfGg lsGg ;Sg] Ifdtf / vfBfGgsf] pknAwtfsf] dfgj :jf:y / ;du| sNof0f;Fu k|ToIf ;DaGw 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu k|b]zsf sl/a @(=$ k|ltzt k'gM k|hgg\ ug{ ;Sg] pd]/ ;d"xsf dlxnf /QmcNktfaf6 u|l;t 5g\ -/fli6«o cf}ift ##=% /x]sf] 5_ . /QmcNktfnfO{ n's]sf] ef]sd/Lsf
k|b]z c_ k|ltJolQm k|ltlbg cf_ ax'cfoflds O_ k|ltJolQm /fli6«o O{_ /fli6«o ul/aL -qmozlQm ;dtfsf cfwf/df_ ul/aL ;"rs b/ ul/aL /]vf /]vfd'lg /x]sf u/L !=( 8n/sf] cfwf/df k|ltJolQm -hg;ª\+Vof afnjflnsfx¿ hg;ª\+Vofsf] k|ltzt k|ltztdf_ -% jif{ d'lg k|ltztdf_
/fli6«o !$=( – @%=@ #^
k|b]z ! &=$( )=)( !^=&$ @$=$*
k|b]z @ !%=$# )=@@ @^=^( #%=!@
afUdtL k|b]z !#=*& )=)% @)=%( #$=^#
u08sL k|b]z !!=)( )=)^ @)=*& @*=#&
k|b]z % !$=!& )=!# @$=%@ @(=@!
s0ff{nL k|b]z @&=%$ )=@# #*=*# $*=)%
;'b"/klZrd k|b]z @&=)# !=!% $%=^! %(=#*
;|f]t M!! c, O, O{ -s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu, ;g\ @)!!_, cf -s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu, ;g\ @)!$_ .
s0ff{nL k|b]z 15
;|f]tM :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof dGqfno -;g\ @)!^_
/]vflrq #=!M s'kf]if0f / uef{j:yf hf“r
¿kdf lrlgG5 h;sf] sf/0faf6 uef{j:yfdf ;d:of lglDtG5 / gjhft lzz'sf] zfl//Ls tyf dfgl;s ljsf; ;d:ofu|:t x'G5 . o;}u/L, k|b]zdf % jif{ d'lgsf afnjflnsf aLr s'kf]if0fn] b'Anf] kftnf] x'g] cj:yf &=% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
dlxnf ;fIf/tfdf ;'wf/x¿ ePtfklg k|b]zdf lgoldt ?kdf ul/g'kg]{ uef{j:yfsf] hfFr t'ngfTds ¿kdf sd 5 -/]vflrq #=!_. To;}u/L s0ff{nLdf :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf uP/ ;'Ts]/L ;]jf lng k|ltzt hDdf #^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 h'g k|b]zx¿sf] aLrdf clGtdaf6 t];|f] xf] . t/klg, dlxnfx¿aLr a9\bf] ;fIf/tfn] ubf{ :jf:Yodf ;'wf/f]Gd'v k|ltkmnx¿ b]lvPsf] 5 . rf/df b'O{hgf dlxnfx¿n] uef{j:yfdf ul/g'kg]{ hfFr tf]lsPsf] ;+:yfx¿af6 lnPsf] cj:yf 5 . k|b]zx¿sf] tYofÍ ljZn]if0f ubf{ z}lIfs b/ pRr /xFbf a9LeGbf a9L dlxnfx¿n] uef{j:yfsf] hfFr u/fPsf] kfOof] -/]vflrq #=@_ .
;fy} em08} *#=# k|ltzt gfjfnsx¿n] tLg vf]kx¿ -l8kL6L, x]kf6fOl6; / PrcfOaL_ lnPsf] cj:yf 5 . dlxnf lzIffsf] k|ltkmn :jf:Yo ;]jf, ljz]ifu/L afnjflnsfx¿df b]lvPsf] 5 . o;}u/L & k|ltzt w/w'/Ln] cfˆgf] cfosf] 7"nf] lx:;f :jf:Yodf vr{G5g\ .
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s'kf]if0fsf] cj:yf -% jif{ d'lgsf jfnjflnsfsf] ljZj :jf:Yo ;Ë7gsf] dfGotf cg';f/ prfOsf] t'ngfdf tf}n ;DjGwL cf}ift dfkb08 -lbuf] ljsf; nIo @=@=!_
k|rng cg';f/ tLg kN6 k|;jk"j{ x]/rfx hfFRf u/fpg]x¿ k|ltztdf -lbuf] ljsf; nIo #=*=!_
k|b]z ! k|b]z @ afUdtL u08sL k|b]z % s0ff{nL ;'b"/klZrd
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gjhft lzz' d[To'b/ k|lt !))) hLljt hGddf @( / kfFrjif{ d'lgsfsf] d[To'b/ k|lt !))) hLljt hGddf %* 5 . gjhft lzz' d[To'b/ 36fpg] k|of; :j¿k ;kmf vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfOsf] kx'Frdf ;'wf/ nufot k|fylds :jf:Yo ;]jf, vfB / lzIffsf] pknAwtfdf clej[l4 ePsf] 5 . :jf:Yo;Fu ;DjlGwt cGo ;"rsx¿df pRr /Qmrfk ePsf !% jif{ dflysf !! k|ltzt k'?if / @)=( k|ltzt dlxnfn] cf}iflw ;]jg ul//fv]sf] cj:yf 5 .
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg16
:jf:Yo ;]jfx¿ glhs} x'Fbf ltgn] :jf:Yok|lt ;r]tgf / :jf:Yo ;]jf lng'k5{ eGg] lzIff hufpg'sf] cltl/Qm hgdfg;nfO{ pknAw ;]jfsf] pkof]u ug{ k|]l/t ub{5g\ . g]kfn hLjg:t/ ;j]{If0fsf] tYofÍn] bzf{Pcg';f/ @#=^ k|ltzt 3/w'/Lx¿ :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 #) ldg]6 leqsf] kx'Frdf 5g\ . ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnLn] klg p:t} cj:yf b]vfPsf] 5 hxfF $^ k|ltzt dflg; aiff{ofddf Ps306f eGbf a9L ;do lxF8]/ ;a}eGbf glhssf] :jf:Yo ;]jfdf k'U5g\ .
/]vflrq #=@M ;fIf/tf / uef{j:yf hf“r
/]vflrq #=#M gjhft lzz' d[To'b/ / uef{j:yf kZrft hf“r
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k|rng cg';f/ tLg k|;j kZrft x]/rfx hfFr u/fpg] dlxnfx¿sf] k|ltzt -lbuf] ljsf; nIo #=*=!O_
k|rng cg';f/ k|;jKf"j{ rf/j6f hfFr u/fpg hfg] dlxnfx¿sf] k|ltzt -lbuf] ljsf; nIo #=*=! c_
!% b]lv $( pd]/sf dlxnfx¿sf] ;fIf/tf b/ -lbuf] ljsf; NfIf $=^=!=@_
@)
^(
%#
/fli6«o k|b]z ! k|b]z @ afUdtL u08sL k|b]z % s0ff{nL ;'b"/klZrd
*)
&)
^)
%)
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%# $(
@$
k|rng cg';f/ rf/ k|;jk"j{ hfFr u/fpg hfg] dlxnfx¿sf] k|ltzt –lbuf] ljsf; nIo # * !s_ gjhft lzz' d[To'b/ -# @ @_
@(
/fli6«o k|b]z ! k|b]z @ afUdtL u08sL k|b]z % s0ff{nL ;'b"/klZrd
;|f]tM :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof dGqfno -;g\ @)!^_
;|f]tM :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof dGqfno -;g\ @)!^_
s0ff{nL k|b]z 17
JolQmsf] d"No dfGotf cg'¿ksf] hLjg hLpg cfjZos kg]{ Ifdtfx¿nfO{ k|:km'6g ug{ cfjZos kg]{ pRr lzIff / ;dLIffTds ;f]rsf] k"j{;t{ ;fIf/tf xf] . s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] ;fIf/tf pT;fxhgs 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu, !%–@$ jif{sf o'jf ;d"xdf k'?if / dlxnfsf] ;fIf/tf qmdzM (* k|ltzt / (@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 -/]vflrq #=%_ . !%–$( jif{sf k'?ifsf] ;fIf/tf (!=% 5 eg] dlxnfx¿ lgs} k5f8L jf ^^=! k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
/]vflrq #=$M :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf k'Ug nfUg] cg'dflgt ;do -aiff{ ofddf_
/]vflrq #=%M ;fIf/tf k|ltzt
;|f]tM ljZj a}+s cfFsng
;|f]tM :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof dGqfno -@)!^_sf] ;j]{If0f cg'¿k ljZj a}+ssf] cfFsng
!@)
!))
*)
^)
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($=$
^(=!*$=%*(=! (*
^^=@
(!=(
(!=%
!% b]lv $( pd]/sf k'?ifsf] ;fIf/tf k|ltzt -lbuf] ljsf; nIo $=^=!_ k'?ifsf] ;fIf/tf k|ltzt -lbuf] ljsf; nIo $=^=!=!_
!% b]lv $( pd]/sf dlxnfsf] ;fIf/tf k|ltzt -lbuf] ljsf; nIo $=^=@_ dlxnfsf[ ;fIf/tf k|ltzt -lbuf] ljsf; nIo $=^=@=!_
/fli6«o k|b]z ! k|b]z @ afUdtL u08sL k|b]z % s0ff{nL ;'b"/klZrd
!*=)&∞
!$=$@∞
@%=%∞
!@=!(∞
@=%∞
)=*$∞
)=)&∞
) %Ü !)Ü !%Ü @)Ü @%Ü #)Ü
)–#) ldg]6
#) ldg]6 b]lv ! 306f
! b]lv @ 306f
@ b]lv $ 306f
$ b]lv * 306f
* b]lv !^ 306f
!^ b]lv #@ 306f
#@ 306f eGbf abL
hg;ª\Vofsf] k|ltzt
@*=#^∞
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg18
cfly{s lqmofsnfkdf dlxnfx¿sf] sd ;xeflutf / cy{tGqdf pgLx¿sf] of]ubfg sd x'g'df pgLx¿sf] Go"g ;fIf/tf klg hf]l8G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu, !)) hgf k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf $$ hgf dlxnfx¿ dfq >dzlQmdf ;+nUg 5g\ . o;}u/L dlxnfx¿n] @$ k|ltzt ;do 3/]n' sfd / :ofxf/df latfpF5g\ h;af6 k|ToIf cfo x'Fb}g . ;Dkltsf] xsdf sl/a *=% k|ltzt dlxnfx¿;Fu dfq hUufsf] :jfldTj 5 h'g cGo k|b]zsf] t'ngfdf ;a}eGbf sd xf] . ;Dkltdf kx'Fr /xFbf 3/fo;L / ;fd'bflos lg0f{o k|lqmofdf dlxnfx¿sf] ;sf/fTds ;xeflutf /xG5 . o;n] cfly{s :jtGqtf k|bfg u5{ / pTkfbg / /f]huf/Ldf ;xefuL x'g ;3fpF5 . crn ;Dkltdf kx'Fr x'Fbf lalQo ;+:yfaf6 C0f kfpg / Joj;fo z'? ug{ lgs} ;xof]uL x'G5 . nIf * cg'¿k >d ahf/df dlxnfx¿sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfn] cy{tGqsf] pTkfbgzLntf j[l4 ug{ / /f]huf/L l;h{gfdf ;xof]uL x'G5 .
of}g tyf k|hgg clwsf/df kx'Fr / dft[ d[To'b/ 36fpg] ljifonfO{ cnu u/]/ x]g{ ldNb}g . o;sf] ;DaGw ;?jf /f]u nfUg] cj:yf;Fu klg 5 . s0ff{nL k|b]zdf !%–$( jif{ ;d"xsf $$=% k|ltzt dlxnfx¿n] kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgx¿sf] k|of]uaf/] cfk}Fm lg0f{o lnG5g\ . s0ff{nL k|b]zdf !* jif{ klxn] x'g] jfnljjfx %!=! k|ltzt / !% jif{ klxn] x'g] jfnljjfx !$=& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5, h'g /fli6««o cf};teGbf a9L xf] .
/]vflrq #=^M @)–@$ jif{sf dlxnfx¿ hf] ljjflxt 5g\ jf ;“u} a:5g\
$)=^
&=@
%!=!
!$=&
&)
^)
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!* jif{ jf klxn] ljjflt jf ;DjGwdf /x]sf @)–@$ jif{sf dlxnfx¿sf] k|ltzt_ lbuf] ljsf; %=#=!_
!% jif{ jf klxn] ljjflt jf ;DjGwdf /x]sf @)–@$ jif{sf dlxnfx¿sf] k|ltzt_ lbuf] ljsf; %=#=@_
/fli6«o k|b]z ! k|b]z @ afUdtL u08sL k|b]z % s0ff{nL ;'b"/klZrd
;|f]tM :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof dGqfno -;g\ @)!^_
s0ff{nL k|b]z 19
tflnsf #=@M ;dfgtfsf] ulx/fO .
s0ff{nL k|b]z cfk}mleq t'ngfTds ¿kn] sd c;dfg 5, t/ o;f] x'g'df ;DejtM cy{tGqsf] cfsf/ ;fgf] x'g' / k/Dk/fut hLljsf]kfh{g cy{tGqsf] afx'Notfsf sf/0f x'g' klg x'g;S5 . k'5f/df /x]sf $) k|ltzt hg;ª\Vofsf] pkef]usf] cj:yf nueu @!=# k|ltzt 5 eg] ;a}eGbf tn /x]sf @) k|ltztsf] &=(& k|ltzt 5 . cfly{s c;dfgtf dfkg ug]{ lhgL u'0ffÍ )=@& /x]sf] 5 . s0ff{nLsf] lhgL u'0ffÍ b]zs} ;a}eGbf sd /x]sf] 5 . c;dfgtf dfkg ug]{ csf]{ kNdf ;"rs–h;n] /fli6«o vktsf] dflyNnf] !) k|ltzt / clGtdsf] $) k|ltzt dfkg u5{, s0ff{nLsf] xsdf Tof] )=(@ /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ dflyNnf] !) k|ltzt /x]sf] hg;ª\Vofn]] tNnf] txdf kg]{ $) k|ltzt hg;ª\Vof eGbf a9L sdfpF5 eGg] xf] -tflnsf #=@_ . o;}u/L /f]huf/Ldf nfu]sfx¿ dWo] b}lgs !=( 8n/ eGbf sd cfo ug]{sf] k|ltzt @%=^ /x]sf] 5 .
cGo k|b]zx¿sf] t'ngfdf s0ff{nLdf ;Lldt ;]jf tyf ;fwgx¿ pknAw 5g\ . pbfx/0f, hDdf ^&=% k|ltztn] ljB't ;]jf pkef]u ug{ kfPsf 5g\ hj ls /fli6««o cf};t ()=* k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L :jR5 pmhf{ k|ljlwnfO{ d'Vo ;|f]tsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ !)=# k|ltzt 5 eg] bfp/f, u'O7f k|of]u ug]{ *(=% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 / UofF;af6 vfgf ksfpg] (=% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . vfgf ksfpg] p2]Zosf nflu ljh'nLsf] t'ngfdf :jR5 pmhf{ / bfp/fsf] k|of]u x]bf{ lah'nLsf] kx'Fr ePsf 3/w'/Lx¿n] vfgf ksfpg :jR5 pmhf{ k|of]u u/]sf] kfO{G5 -/]vflrq #=&_ .
k|b]z s_ lhgL v_ kNdf ;"rs u_ s"n cfodf $) s"n pkef]udf $) u'0ff°sf] cfwf/df k|ltzteGbf sd k|ltzteGbf sd dfkg ul/Psf] lx:;f x'g] hg;+Vof lx:;f x'g] hg;+Vof
/fli6«o )=#@* !=# %=# !*=&
k|b]z ! @*=(# !=)^ (=#$ @)=(%
k|b]z @ @(=%) !=!! !)=*% !(=%@
afUdtL k|b]z #%=## !=$% %=$* !^=@%
u08sL k|b]z #$=^^ !=$! &=*! !*=(@
k|b]z % #@=$( !=@* $=%& @)=@*
s0ff{nL k|b]z @&=)! )=(# @=*^ @!=#*
;'b"/klZrd k|b]z #)=@@ !=!# !=&# @!=)$
;|f]tM s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu -;g\ @)!!_ sf] k|ltj]bgdf cfwfl/t ljZj a}+s cfFsng
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg20
/]vflrq #=&M :jR5 pmhf{, bfp/f / ljB'tdf k“x'r
;|f]tM :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof dGqfno -;g\ @)!^_
^&=$^
*(=%)
()=*#
90.83
^%=^(
vfgf ksfpg bfp/f u'O7f d'Vo ;|f]tsf] ¿kdf k|of]uug]{ 3/3'/L k|ltztdf -lbuf] ljsf; nIo &=!=@=!_
:jR5 pmhf{ / k|ljlwdf kx'Fr ePsf 3/3'/L k|ltztdf -lbuf] ljsf; nIo &=!=@_
ljB'tdf kx'Fr ePsf 3/3'/L k|ltztdf -lbuf] ljsf; nIo &=!=!_
!))()*)&)^)%)$)#)@)!))
/fli6«o k|b]z ! k|b]z @ afUdtL u08sL k|b]z % s0ff{nL ;'b"/klZrd
Ufl/jL lgjf/0f, n}lËs ;dfgtf / hnjfo' kl/jt{g;Fu ;DjlGwt lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo k|fKt ug{ klg :jR5 pmhf{ / k|ljlwx¿ dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . o; cy{df, k|ljlwx¿df ;'wf/ / d"Nodf sdL cfFpb} ubf{ ul/aL lgjf/0f, :jf:Yo / lbuf] ljsf;sf k|of;x¿nfO{ Plss[t tj/n] ;~rfng ul/g' kg]{ b]lvG5 . k|b]zdf ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfox¿n] cfjZos k|ljlwx¿ / ljt/0fsf] nfe kfPsf 5}gg\ . o;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ljsf;sf k|of;x¿nfO{ tLj|tf lb+b} ;dfjzLtfnfO{ klg ;'lglZrt ug{ cfjZos 5 .
k|b]zn] xfn;Dd cfˆg} hnljB't pTkfbg gul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf, pmhf{df ePsf] sdLnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ j}slNks pmhf{sf ;|f]tx¿sf] vf]hL ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . ljB't / pmhf{ ;]jf;Fu ljB'tLo oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿sf] k|of]u;Fu} ;x/Ls/0f ul/Fbf lbuf] ljsf;sf ljleGg nIox¿ xfl;n ug{ d2t ldN5 .
o'jf j]/f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf ;du| cNk /f]huf/LeGbf lgs} dfly 5 -lrq #=*_ . lbuf] ljsf;nfO{ ;fy{s agfpg] xf] eg] cfo cfh{gs} nflu k|jf;df hfg] k|j[lQnfO{ /f]Sg' kb{5 eg] o'jf a]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:ofsf] ;Daf]wg ug'{ k5{ . o;sf nflu n3' / ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] k|j4{g, clxn]sf] $=% k|ltztdf /x]sf] /f]huf/LnfO{ j[l4 u/L ul/ad'vL /f]huf/L a9fpg' kb{5 -lrq #=(_ . ;fy} pRr k|ltkmn lbg] ko{6g, h8La'6L / s[lif k|zf]wg h:tf If]qx¿sf] ljsf; ub}{, ljsNkx¿ l;h{gf u/L d"No z[ª\vnf;Fu hf]8]/ cfly{s j[l4 sfod ug{ cfjZos 5 .
s0ff{nL k|b]z 21
/]vflrq #=*M a]/f]huf/L / cNk/f]huf/L
/]vflrq #=(M s"n cg'kftdf pTkfbgd'vL /f]huf/Lsf] lx:;f
/]vflrq #=!)M ;/;kmfO, ;kmf kfgL / v/sf] 5fgf ePsf 3/w'/L
;|f]tM s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu -;g\ @)!!_
;|f]tM s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu -;g\ @)!!_
;|f]tM :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof dGqfno -;g\ @)!^_
%)$%$)#%#)@%@)!%!)%)
@(=(@&=&
@@=!
@(=!
a]/f]huf/L b/ k|ltztdf !%–%( jif{ ;d"xdf -lbuf] ljsf; nIo *=%=@=!_
o'jf a]/f]huf/L b/ k|ltztdf !%–@$ jif{ ;d"xdf -lbuf] ljsf; nIo *=^=!=!_
/fli6«o k|b]z ! k|b]z @ afUdtL u08sL k|b]z % s0ff{nL ;'b"/klZrd
!*
!^
!$
!@
!)
*
^
$
@
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$=^
/fli6«o k|b]z ! k|b]z @ afUdtL u08sL k|b]z % s0ff{nL ;'b"/klZrd
()
*)
&)
^)
%)
$)
#)
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)
&$=^
^$=^
##=#
(=^
@!=#
%=^
lghL ;/;kmfOsf ;+/rgf ePsf 3/w'/Lx¿ k|ltztdf -lbuf] ljsf; nIo ^=@=!=!_
v/ k/fnsf] 5fgf ePsf 3/w'/L ;ª\Vof k|ltztdf -lbuf] ljsf; nIo !!=!=@_
kfOkdfk{mt vfg]kfgL ;'ljwf ePsf 3/w'/L k|ltztdf -lbuf] ljsf; nIo ^=!=!=@_
/fli6«o k|b]z ! k|b]z @ afUdtL u08sL k|b]z % s0ff{nL ;'b"/klZrd
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg22
;8ssf] kx'Fr / ;]jfx¿ pknAwtfsf] ;jfndf of] k|b]zdf em08} #,!#@ lsdL ;8s ;~hfn 5 . ;8s 3gTj *=&@ lsdL÷!)) ju{ lsdL ePsf]df !( k|ltzt 3/w'/Lsf nflu cfwf 306f dfq k}bn ofqf u/L kSsL ;8s k'Ug] cj:yf 5 . hDdf !! k|ltzt dflg;;Fu ljQLo ;]jfsf] kx'Fr 5 . k|b]zsf] pQ/L efusf !# k|ltzt dflg;x¿ ;a}eGbf glhssf] ljQLo ;+:yfdf k'Ug lxpFbd} cf};tdf @ 306f lxF8\g'kg]{ cj:yf 5 -lrq #=!!_ .
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{tk{m *^=! k|ltzt hgtfsf] ;kmf kfgLdf kx'Fr 5 h'g cGo k|b]zsf] t'ngfdf ;a}eGbf pRr xf] . em08} #^=! k|ltzt 3/w'\/Lsf] vfg]kfgL wf/fdf kx'Fr 5 . s0ff{nLdf !%=$ k|ltzt 3/ v/n] 5fPsf 5g\ -lrq #=!)_ . kfOkdfk{mt vfg]kfgL ;'ljwf ePsf w/w'/Lx¿aLr ;/;kmfO{sf] cj:yf t'ngfTds lx;fan] pRr 5 . o; cy{df kfOkdfk{mt vfg]kfgL ;]jfk|fKt 3/w'/Lx¿n] ;/;kmfO{sf cfw'lgs ;]jfx¿ a9L g} k|of]u u/]sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
/]vflrq #=!!M ljQLo ;+:yfdf k'Ug nfUg] cg'dflgt ;do -lx“pbdf_
;|f]t M ljZj a}+s cfFsng -;g\ @)!#_
) %Ü !)Ü !%Ü @)Ü @%Ü #)Ü
)–#) ldg]6
#) ldg]6 b]lv ! 306f
! b]lv @ 306f
@ b]lv $ 306f
$ b]lv * 306f
* b]lv !^ 306f
!^ b]lv #@ 306f
#@ 306f eGbf abL
!#=&#∞
*=$&∞
!^=#$∞
@^=!&∞
@#=@%∞
!)=%#∞
!=$%∞
)=#(∞
hg;ª\Vofsf] k|ltzt
s0ff{nL k|b]z 23
o;}u/L l8lh6n ;+/rgf / ;"rgf, ;~rf/ tyf k|ljlwx¿sf] k|of]usf xsdf !%–$( jif{sf ^(=@ k|ltzt dlxnfx¿;Fu df]afOn 5 eg] &=! k|ltznn] OG6/g]6 rnfpF5g\ -lrq #=!@_ . csf]{tk{m, pxL pd]/ ;d"xsf df]afOn k|of]u ug]{ k'?ifx¿sf] ;ª\Vof *#=^ k|ltzt / em08} @*=! k|ltztn] OG6/g]6 rnfpF5g\ . k|b]zdf df]afOnsf] k|of]u a9\bf] 5 . ;a{;'ne tl/sfn] ;]jf lj:tf/ ug{ ;]jf k|bfosx¿ nfluk/]sf] b]lvG5 / hLjgpkof]uL ;]jf j[l4 ug]{ qmddf OG6/g]6sf] k|of]u a9\bf] 5 .
;|f]tM :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof dGqfno -;g\ @)!^_
/]vflrq #=!@M df]afOn kmf]g / OG6/g]6 -dlxnfsf] xsdf_
&$=^&@=^#
@#=@(
&=!(
df]afOn kmf]g k|of]u ug]{ !%–$( jif{ ;d"xsf dlxnf k|ltztdf -lbuf] ljsf; nIo %=!=!_
OG6/g]6 k|of]u ug]{ !%–$( jif{{ ;d"xsf dlxnfx¿ -lbuf] ljsf; nIo *=!=!_
()
*)
&)
^)
%)
$)
#)
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)/fli6«o k|b]z ! k|b]z @ afUdtL u08sL k|b]z % s0ff{nL ;'b"/klZrd
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg24 ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] kmn klv{/x]sf cfFvfx¿M s}s] ufpFkflnsf, 8f]Nkfsf :yfgLo ‰ofnaf6 lrxfpFb} .
cWofo
s0ff{nL k|b]z 25
tYof°sf] pknAwtf
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg26
lbuf] ljsf; nIosf ;"rsx?sf] ;Gbe{df k|b]z txdf tYofÍsf] pknAwtflbuf] ljsf;sf nIosf] jt{dfg cj:yf / efjL dfu{lrq ;g\ @)!^–@)#) df ;dfj]z ;"rsx? dWo]af6 k|b]zn] s"n #%) ;"rsx? k|b]zsf nflu ;fGble{s 7fg]sf]df hDdf !@) ;"rsx?;Fu ;DjlGwt tYofÍ pknAw 5 . t;y{ cfwf/ tYofÍ k|ltj]bg cGtu{t lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox?jf/] k|ltj]bg ug{ cfjZos em08} @#) ;"rsx?df s'g} klg tYofÍ gePsf] cj:yf 5 .
pknAw tYofÍ dWo] clws+fz tYofÍx? g]kfn hLjg:t/ ;j]{If0f -@)!!_, g]kfn hg;flª\Vos tyf 3/w'/L ;j]{If0f -@)!^_ / hgu0fgf -@)!)_ af6 cfFsng ul/Psf] 5 . k|b]zsf] o; cfwf/ tYofÍ k|ltj]bgsf nflu em08} @( k|ltzt g]kfn hg;flª\Vos tyf 3/w'/L ;j]{If0f af6 / #@ k|ltzt g]kfn hLjg:t/ ;j]{If0faf6 lnOPsf] 5 . k|b]z tyf :yflgo txsf] ;+/rgf gofF x'g'' / ;f]xL cg';f/ tYofÍ ;ª\sngsf nflu k|o'Qm ;j]{If0f, u0fgf / Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLaf6 tYofÍ ;ª\sng eO{ g;Sg' xf] . tYofÍsf] sdL x'g'sf] d"n sf/0f lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] d"n dd{ ljsf; k|lqmofaf6 sf]xL k5f8L gk?g\ eGg] xf] . o;sf] ;Daf]wgsf nflu If]qLotf÷ :yfgLotf, lnË, hft, hflt, ckfËtf h:tf cfwf/df v08Ls[t tYofÍsf] pknAwtf klxnf] zt{ xf] .
o;sf nflu ultzLn tYofÍ k|0ffnL cfjZos x'G5 . o:tf] tYofÍ k|0ffnLn] dfq cfly{s j[l4af6 s;n] kmfObf lnPsf] 5, ;fj{hlgs ;]jf ;'ljwf sxfF k'u]sf] 5÷5}g, ;j{;fwf/0fsf] zf;g k|0ffnLdf kx'Fr k'u]sf] 5÷5}g h:tf s'/fsf] hfgsf/L x'G5 .
;|f]tM g]kfn lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo cj:yf tyf efjL sfo{ lbzf k|ltj]bg -;g\ @)!^–@)#)_ df cfwfl/t, http://sdg.npc.gov.np/data/
tflnsf $=!M lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo ;"rsx?sf] tYof° pknAwtf – k|b]z txdf
lbuf] ljsf;sf k|ltj]bg k|of]hgsf nflu ;"rsx? hf] k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z nIox? ;dfj]z ul/Psf ;"rsx? ul/g]5g\ / ltgsf] tYof° pknAw 5}g
! !* &
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s0ff{nL k|b]z 27
lndL pkTosf, x'Dnfdf k/Dk/fut klx/gdf ;lhPsf :yfgLo dlxnfx¿ .
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg28
cWofo
s0ff{nL k|b]z 29
!@ of] v08 /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u -;g\ @)!&_ df ;dfj]z ePsf ljifox¿df cfwfl/t 5, / k|b]zx¿sf] nflu ;dfof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .
chËsf kxf8 / r§fg kmf]/]/ agfOPsf] ;8sdf ;jf/L ;fwg u'8\b} . s0ff{nL k|b]zsf w]/} lhNnfx¿df o:tf ;8sx¿ b]lvG5g\ .
sfof{Gjog tyf gLltut dfu{lgb]{z!@
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg30
k|b]z :t/df lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo, p2]Zo tyf ;"rsx¿ ;DalGwt w]/} sfof{Gjog r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5g\ . klxnf], y'k|} kl/df0ffTds nIosf nflu oL nIo ;"rsx¿ Hofb} dxTjsfª\IfL 5g\, / ltgnfO{ yk Jojxfl/s jf oyfy{k/s agfpgsf] nflu k'glj{rf/ ug'{k5{ . bf];|f], lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo leq}sf sltko nIox¿ g]kfnsf] nflu sd ;fGble{s 5g\ eg], k|b]zsf vf; r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;Daf]wg ug{ yk nIox¿ lgwf{l/t ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu, lbuf] ljsf; nIo % cGtu{t ljZjJofkL kl/df0ffTds nIodf pNn]v ul/Psf sltko cGo xflgsf/s cEof;x¿eGbf dlxgfjf/Lsf] ;dodf x'g] 5'jf5'tsf] ljifo s0ff{nL k|b]z / b]zsf cGo efudf a9L ;fGble{s x'G5g\ . t];|f], lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] kl/df0ffTds nIox¿ ckof{Kt 5g\ . ltgLx¿ /fHon] ug]{ x:tIf]k eGbf klg ahf/sf] k|ltlqmofdf lge{/ 5g\, / ltgn] g]kfnh:tf cNk ljsl;t d'n'sx¿df k"0f{tM sfd ug]{ cj:yf gx'g klg ;S5 .
rf}yf], dxf;fu/, ;d'b| / ;d'b|L ;|f]tx¿;Fu ;DalGwt nIo -lbuf] ljsf; nIo !$_!# g]kfnsf] nflu sd ;fGble{s 5 eg] hnjfo' kl/jt{g /f]Sg] -nIo !#_ h:tf cGo sltko nIosf] nflu cGo b]zsf] sbddf a9L lge{/ /xG5 . lbuf] pkef]u / pTkfbg -nIo !@_ / b]zx¿dfem c;dfgtf 36fpg] -nIo !) sf] c+z_ h:tf sltko nIox¿ a9L ljsl;t d'n'ssf] rf;f] xf] . cGTodf, nIo / kl/df0ffTds nIox¿ bf]xf]l/g] ;Defjgf ePsfn], s'g} Ps ;"rsn] Ps eGbf a9L nIox¿nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;S5g\ . To;}n], bf]xf]l/g ;Sg] ;Defjgf klg 5 .
lbuf] ljsf; nIosf ;"rsx¿nfO{, ;fGble{s eP;Dd, cfo:t/, lnË, pd]/, hflt, ;Dk|bfo, a;fOF;/fOsf] l:ylt, km/s Ifdtf tyf ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt cg'¿k 5'§ofpg'kg]{ ;'emfj lbOPsf] 5 .!$ k|ultnfO{ lj:t[tdf cg'udg ug{sf] nflu slDtdf klg 5 k|sf/sf juL{s/0f cfjZos kg]{5 . w]/} kl/df0ffTds nIo / ;"rsx¿sf] nflu cToGt w]/} tYofÍ rflxG5, h'g ;Íng ug{ d'n'snfO{ jiff}{F nfUg]5 .
lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfo{Gjogsf] nflu ¿k/]vf to ub}{ubf{, ;dfTg'kg]{ rf/cf]6f :tDex¿ 5g\ . klxnf], k|fyldstfx¿sf] klxrfgÙ bf];|f] gLlt;DaGwL sfo{GjogÙ t];|f] ;|f]tsf] nufgLÙ / rf}yf] ;+:yfut tof/L . oL rf/ :tDex¿n] lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfo{Gjogsf] nflu k|:6 dfu{lgb]{zg k|bfg ug{ ;S5g\ . lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfo{Gjogsf] d'Vo ef/ k|b]z tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿df /xg]5 . To;}n], ljleGg sf/0fx¿n] ubf{ lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] :yfgLos/0f Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . klxnf], cfwf/e"t / dfWolds lzIff, k|fylds :jf:Yo ;]jf, vfg]kfgL cfk"tL{ tyf ;/;kmfO{, s[lif, cfwf/e"t k"jf{wf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffh:tf lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] s]Gb|df /x]sf] d'Vo ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfx clxn] :yfgLo ;/sf/
!# lbuf] ljsf; nIo !$ kfgL d'lgsf] hLjhGt';Fu ;DalGwt 5 . o;n] ;d'b|L / ;d'b| t6Lo kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ / ;+/If0f ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 . e"kl/j]li6t b]zx¿sf] nflu o;n] /fVg] cy{ eg]sf] cfGtl/s hn;|f]t / gbLx¿sf] kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf] ;+/If0f dfq xf] . s0ff{nL k|b]zdf hnljB't, l;rfFO, df5f, / ko{6gdf k|efj kfg]{ g]kfnsf k|d'v gbL k|0ffnLx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . dT:o–bf]xg clxn] g} lrGtfhgs e};s]sf] 5}g, t/ ltgLx¿nfO{ cToflws k|b'if0f / To;df lge{/ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] Ifoaf6 hf]ufpg'k5{ .
!$ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 dxf;ef k|:tfj ^*÷@^!, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 .
e]8f / rf}/Lsf] /f}F k|of]u u/L tfgdf /f8L kfvL a'Gb} x'DnfsL Ps :yfgLo . w]/} d]xgt / ;do nfUg] o:tf sk8fsf] dfu / ahf/ eg] ce}m 5 .
s0ff{nL k|b]z 31
cGtu{t 5g\ . bf];|f], ;|f]t x:tfGt/0f / cGo ;|f]t;fwg kl/rfng ug]{ clwsf/ ;+ljwfgn] k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿nfO{ lbPsfn], ca k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿;Fu lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfo{Gjogsf] nflu a9L ;|f]t pknAw x'g]5 . ljsf;sf] c;dfg pknlAw x]bf{, ca k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f tyf sfo{Gjogsf] qmd :yfgLo kl/j]z cg';f/ lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ eGg] b]lvG5 . :yfgLo hgtfsf] ;xeflutf, / …s;}nfO{ kl5 g5f]l8g]Ú p2]Zosf] nflu jl~rlts/0f w]/} ePsf] :yfgdf sfo{qmd nlIft x'g'k5{ Ù ;"rgf / ;x–cg'udg :yfgLo :t/df ul/Fbf dfq} o;sf] /fd|f] sfo{Gjog x'G5 .
%=! klxrfg;Lldt ;|f]t ePsf] cj:yfdf, ljleGg nIox¿sf] nflu k|i6 k|fyldstfx¿ klxrfg ug'{ Ps d'Vo r'gf}tL xf] . o;sf] ;'¿cft ug]{ tfls{s ljGb' eg]sf] xfn;fn} cg'df]bg ePsf] ;g\ @)!(–@)@# ;Dd ;d]6\g] d'n'ssf] !% cf}F cfjlws of]hgfsf] cjwf/0ff xf] . o;n] ;+3Lo, k|b]z b'j} ;/sf/ / s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] k|yd k~r jifL{o of]hgfsf ah]6sf k|fyldstfx¿ lgwf{/0f ug{ dfu{lgb]{z ug'{k5{ . ;a} lbuf] ljsf; nIox¿ dxTjk"0f{, cv08, / ;a} d'n'ssf nflu ;femf eP tfklg, d'n's / If]q cg';f/ ltgsf k|fyldstf km/s kg{ ;S5g\ . k|fyldstfsf d'Vo If]q eg]sf] ;x>fAbL ljsf; nIosf ;"rsx¿ ce}m k"0f{ gePsf If]qx¿ k5{g\ . /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ l;h{gf u/L ;dfj]zL cfly{s ljsf;nfO{ ;3fpg], ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|0ffnLx¿ ;'2[9 agfpg], / ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f ug]{ ;DefJotf ePsf nIox¿, cfhsf] g]kfndf klg 7"nf k|fyldstfsf ljifo x'g\ . oBlk, lbuf] ljsf; nIox¿ eg]sf k[ys nIo xf]Ogg\, Ps nIo k|fKtLn] csf]{df c;/ kf/]sf] x'G5 . ltgLx¿ cGt/;DalGwt x'G5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu, ef]ssf] Go"lgs/0f, n}lËs c;dfgtf, lzIff tyf :jf:Yosf] k|ultdf ePsf c;dfgtfsf Go"lgs/0fdf lge{/ 5g\ . jftfj/0fLo tgfjsf] Go"lgs/0fdf ul/aL Go"lgs/0f lge{/ /xG5 .
d'u' lhNnfsf] lhpsf ufpFdf /x]sf] lhpsf :jf:Yo s]Gb| -k|;"lt s]Gb| <<_ df afnaflnsf ;lxt cfPsf dlxnfx¿sf] ;d"x .
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg32
ljQLo cj:yf / cGo ;|f]tsf] pknAwtfn] klg k|fyldstf lgwf{/0fnfO{ dfu{lgb]{z ug]{5 . Jofks cfjZostf n]vfhf]vfsf] cEof; u/]kl5, o;sf] plrt ¿kdf lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . k|fyldstfx¿ lgwf{/0f ul/;s]kl5, ltgLx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ;doa4 ¿kdf ug{''k5{ . b]xfosf cj:yfdf, nIo / p2]Zox¿nfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstfdf /fVg'k5{M -c_ gofF sfg"gL sfof{b]z jf ;+/rgfut lgsfo cfjZos gkg]{ b]lvPdfÙ -cf_ ljsf; k|ltkmnsf] lx;fan] ltgLx¿n] ;lhn} k|ltkmn lbg] b]lvPdf, / -O_ lzif{ k|fyldstfx¿sf] sfo{Gjog logsf] k"j{ pknlAwdf lge{/ /xg] b]lvPdf .
lbuf] ljsf;sf nIonfO{ cfjlws of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ul/;s]kl5, lbuf] ljsf; nIo kl/j]zaf6 klg k|b]z of]hgf cfof]un] jflif{s ah]6 k/LIf0f u/fpg'k5{ -:jfy{ gaflemPsf] ;'lglZrt ug{sf] nflu, sfo{Gjog ug]{ lgsfon] kl/If0f ug'{ x'Fb}g_ .
k|ltkmn / glthfsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udgsf] nflu Ps glthf ¿k/]vf agfpg'k5{ . ljQLo kIfdfq xf]Og, lbuf] ljsf; nIosf k|fyldstfx¿n] Joj:yfksLo, ;ª\3;+:yfut cj/f]wx¿ klg ;dfj]z ug'{k5{ . lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] dxTjsfª\f+IfL sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|df0fdf cfwfl/t gLlt lgdf{0fsf] pRr ;F:s[ltsf] dfu ub{5 . ;g\ @)!( b]lv ;g\ @)#) sf] cjlwdf lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfo{Gjog / k|ultsf] af/]df v'nf ;|f]tsf] ;"rgf k|bfg ug{ Ps SDG ;"rgfs]Gb| lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 .
s0ff{nL k|b]z e"sDk, af9L / klx/f]h:tf ljkb\sf] pRr hf]lvddf 5 . ljkb\n] bzsf}F nufP/ xfl;n u/]sf] ljutsf] ljsf;;DaGwL pknlAwnfO{ 7Kk kfl/lbG5 jf pN6\ofOlbG5 . o;sf/0fn] lbuf] ljsf; nIox¿sf] cfjZostf n]vfhf]vf ubf{ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"lgs/0fsf kof{Kt pkfox¿sf] klxrfg ug'{kb{5 . k|efjsf/L ljkb\ k|ltsfo{af/] a9\bf] ;xdlt s] df 5 eg], k|b]zx¿df ;+of]lht of]hgf, r':t lg0f{o k|0ffnL / nlrnf] ljQLo ;|f]t tof/L cj:yfdf x'g'k5{ . klxn] g} ;xdlt ul/Psf, ljQLo Joj:yfkg ul/Psf, lgoddf cfwfl/t Joj:yfx¿ 5g\ eg] ljkb\ Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L x'G5Ù k"j{ of]hgf jf ljQLo Joj:yf gePsf] cj:yfdf eb|uf]n x'G5 . eljiojf0fLdf cfwfl/t hf]lvd Joj:yfkg -tof/L_ / glthfdf cfwfl/t hf]lvd Joj:yfkg -k|ltsfo{_ sf] plrt ;Gt'ngsf] nflu hf]lvdsf] af/]df 1fgÙ hf]lvdsf] ;DefJotfx¿ Go"lgs/0f ug{ ;+/If0f / ;+/If0fn] dfq} hf]lvd x6fpg g;Sg] cj:yfdf ljdfsf sfo{qmdx¿ cfjZos k5{g\ .!% nfdf] cjlwsf] of]hgfx¿df, hnjfo' kl/jt{g h:tf bL3{sflng hf]lvdx¿nfO{ klg ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu, hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] ubf{ x'g] v8]/Ln] hLljsf]kfh{gdf bL3{sfnLg c;/ kfg{ ;S5 . ljkb\sf] nflu ul/g] k"j{ tof/L of]hgfdf dfgj ;+zfwgsf] u}/k/Dk/fut pkfox¿ klg k|of]u ug'{kg]{ x'G5 – h:t}, ljleGg k|b]zdf :jo+;]jsx¿sf] 7"nf] ;~hfn kl/rfngsf] k"j{ tof/L cj:yf xf] .
%=@ gLltut b:tfj]hx¿d'Vo nIo tyf kl/df0ffTds nIox¿sf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ul/;s]kl5 gLltut b:tfj]hn] x:tIf]k ug]{ sfo{qmdsf k|s[lt lgwf{/0f ug'{ kb{5 . oL gLltut cf}hf/x¿df ;dfj]z 5g\ . k'FhL nufgL ug'{kg]{, dfgj ;+;fwg
!% ljZj a}+s -;g\ @)!#_
cjlwdf lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfo{Gjog / k|ultsf] af/]df v'nf ;|f]tsf] ;"rgf k|bfg ug{ Ps SDG ;"rgfs]Gb| lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 .
;g\ @)!( b]lv ;g\ @)#) sf]
s0ff{nL k|b]z
e"sDk, af9L / klx/f]h:tf ljkb\sf] pRr hf]lvddf 5 . ljkb\n] bzsf}F nufP/ xfl;n u/]sf] ljutsf] ljsf;;DaGwL pknlAwnfO{ 7Kk kfl/lbG5 jf pN6\ofOlbG5 .
af/]df l;h{gfTds tl/sfn] ;dfrf/ ;+k|]if0f ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ 36ssf] ¿kdf ;~rf/ hut /xg]5 .
;g\ @)#) sfo{;"rLsf]
s0ff{nL k|b]z 33
rflxg], jf s]jn s]xL cIf/x¿ dfq} kl/jt{g u/]/ gLlt ;'wf/ x'g;S5 ls < s:tf k|sf/sf k/:k/ kmfObfhgs ;DaGwx¿sf] vf]hL ug]{ jf lgdf{0f ug]{ < /fHo, lghL If]q / gful/s ;dfhnfO{ s] s] e"ldsf lbg] < ;femf nIo k|fKtLsf ;xsfo{ / ;fe]mbf/Lsf] nflu s]xL pTk|]/s x'G5 ls x'Fb}g < oL gLlt ;'wf/x¿nfO{ klxn] nfu' ug]{ ls k5f8L nfu' ug]{ <
s:tf] vfnsf] x:tIf]k ug]{ eGg] s'/f If]qcg';f/ km/s k5{ . ljkb\ kl5sf] k'glg{df{0f -h:t} @)!& af9L kl5sf]_ ;do;Ldf leq ;DkGg ug{'k5{Ù To;}n] o;df nufgL cu|efudf Nofpg'k5{ . s[lifdf klg lj:tf/} nufgL ;fF3'l/b} hfG5 lsgeg] 7"n–7"nf l;FrfO of]hgf / ;8s, ljB't tyf ahf/ k"jf{wf/h:tf s[lif k"jf{wf/df x'g] 7"nf nufgL lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] k|f/lDes jif{x¿df ul/g] ck]Iff /flvPsf] 5 . csf]{lt/, :jf:Yoh:tf If]qx¿df, hg;ª\Vofsf] cf};t pd]/ a9\b} hfFbf / ljZjJofkL :jf:Yo ljdf sfo{qmd hf/L ePkl5 ;do;Fu} nufgL a9\b} hfg]5 . pmhf{If]qdf klg nufgL kl5Nnf jif{x¿df a9L x'g]5 . 7"nf hnljB't cfof]hgfx¿ lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] kl5Nnf jif{x¿df sfo{Gjog ul/g]5 . o;sf ;fy} oftfoft tyf pBf]u, jg, n}lËstf, ko{6g / hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf lg/Gt/ Wofg lbO/xg'k5{ .
lbuf] ljsf; nIox¿ ;/sf/ PSn}sf] lhDd]jf/L xf]OgÙ tL /fli6«o bfloTj x'g\ . To;}n], ;/sf/, lghL If]q, u};; tyf ;fd'bflos If]q larsf] /0fgLlts ;fe]mbf/L cfjZos kg]{5 . dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] 5 eg], o; sfo{;"rLdf k|b]z ;+;bdf ;fy} ;a} d'Vo /fhgLlts bnx¿aLr kof{Kt /fhgLlts :jfldTj x'g'k5{ .
;x>fAbL ljsf; nIosf] t'ngfdf lbuf] ljsf; nIodf lghL If]qsf] e"ldsf XjfQ} a9]sf] 5 . ;fe]mbf/L ljZjfl;nf] x'gsf] nflu, lbuf] ljsf; nIo ;DaGwL gLlt th'{df, sfo{Gjog tyf cg'udgdf lghL If]qn] klg efu lng kfpg] ;+oGq aGg'k5{ . lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] k|efjsf/L sfo{Gjogsf] nflu u}/;/sf/L ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] klg cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf x'g'k5{ . y'k|} ;x>fAbL nIo k|fKtLdf ltgLx¿ pkof]uL ePsf lyP, / of] s'/f lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] ;dodf klg hf/L /xg ;S5 .
/fl8kfvLsf nflu k|of]u x'g] wfuf] sfTb} Ps :yfgLo . k[i7e"lddf /f/f tfn . s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] d'u' lhNnfdf cjl:yt /f/f tfn g]kfns} Ps k|d'v ko{6lso cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb| xf] . ;d'b|L ;xtaf6 @(() ld6/ prfOdf /x]sf] of] tfn %=! lsdL nfdf], @=& lsdL rf}8f, 5 . of] tfn !)=* lsdL If]qdf k}mlnPsf] 5 / o;sf] ulx/fO !^& ld6/ 5 .
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg34
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf ;xsf/Lx¿sf] nflu ljz]if e"ldsfsf] kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] 5 . ;xsf/Lx¿n] ;fj{hlgs / lghL If]qsf lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ ;3fpg] ck]Iff ;/sf/n] lnPsf] 5 . lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] sfo{Gjogdf >lds ;ª\u7gx¿ / o'jf ;ª\u7gx¿ h:tf ;fdflhs ;ª\u7gx¿ klg ;+nUg x'g'k5{ . ;g\ @)#) sfo{;"rLsf] af/]df l;h{gfTds tl/sfn] ;dfrf/ k|]if0f ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ 36ssf] ¿kdf ;~rf/ hut /xg]5 . cfd ;j{;fw/0f hgtfsf] Wofg lvRg ;+rf/ hutn] k|of]u ug]{ l;h{gfTdstfn] lbuf] ljsf; nIodf /fHon] vr{ ug]{ /fhgLlts k'FhLsf] dfqf lgwf{/0f ub{5 .
sltko lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] cGt/f{li6«o cfofd 5 . Jofkf/, nufgL, ko{6g, k'FhL k|jfx, l;dfkf/ k|b"if0f, a;fOF;/fO, ljkb\ tyf ;fdflhs ;+/If0f h:tf l;df jf/kf/ k|efj kfg]{ lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] ;Daf]wg ug{ pkIf]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx¿;Fu ;fe]mbf/L ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . rLgsf] a]N6 P08 /f]8 OlglzPl6e / ef/tsf] …l5d]sL klxnfÚdf cGtlg{lxt k"jf{wf/ ;Dks{ sfo{qmdh:tf If]qLo ;xof]u ¿k/]vfx¿nfO{ g]kfnsf k5f8L kfl/Psf s0ff{nL h:tf k|b]zx¿sf] lxtdf pkof]u ug'{k5{ .
lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] nflu Jofks, tYofÍ–lgb]{lzt cleofg klg rflxG5 . lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] tYofÍ cfjZostf tyf ltgsf] ljBdfg u'0f:t/sf] gSzf+sg ubf{, kl/df0ffTds nIo tyf ;"rs cg'udgsf] aLrdf 7"nf] vf8n kfOof] . To;}n], hg;fwf/0fnfO{ lzlIft u/fpg s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu / k|b]z tYofÍ lgsfon] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf OG6/g]6df cfwfl/t gofF ;"rgf ;+rf/ k|ljlw k|of]u ub}{ ug]{ gofF ;j]{If0fx¿sf] nflu 7"nf] nufgL cfjZos kg]{5 .
o:tf] k[i7e"lddf, ljleGg nIox¿sf] nflu s:tf s:tf gLltut cf}hf/x¿ rflxG5g\ < /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] lbuf] ljsf; nIo;DaGwL cfjZostf n]vfhf]vf, vr{ tyf ljQLo Joj:yf ;DaGwL u/]sf] Ps cWoogsf] c+znfO{ s0ff{nL k|b]zsf sltko ljz]iftf ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L pbfx/0f ;lxt tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
pbfx/0fsf] nflu, o; k':tfs} ;DejtM ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ r'gf}tL ul/aL Go"gLs/0fnfO{ lncf}F . s;/L ug]{ t < xfn;Ddsf] b:tfj]hx¿ x]bf{, o;sf nflu eP u/]sf sfo{qmdx¿ o;k|sf/ 5g\ M -c_ …;a}eGbf k5f8L k/]sfsf]
cfˆg} 3/sf] lkF9Ldf ljBfnon] lbPsf] u[xsfo{ ub}{ Ps aflnsf .
s0ff{nL k|b]z 35
;d:ofÚ / k'Ug cK7\of/f] hg;ª\Vofsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf] nflu cfocfh{gsf k|ToIf lqmofsnfk, -cf_ /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug{ ;Sg] ;fgf tyf demf}nf Joj;fox¿sf nflu Jofh 5'6;lxt ;x'lnotk"0f{ n3'shf{, -O_ :yfg–lglZrt k"jf{wf/, -O{_ ul/aLnfO{ cem a9fpg ;Sg] ljkb\sf] /f]syfd tyf Go"lgs/0f, / -p_ ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] bfo/f km/flsnf] agfpg] .
s[lifdf, ;fGble{s sfo{qmdx¿ o;k|sf/ 5g\ -c_ ;a}eGbf w]/} jl~rtLs/0fdf k/]sf ju{x¿sf] vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iffdf ;'wf/, -cf_ ;'b[9 s[lif k|;f/ k|0ffnL, -O_ jif{el/ nfUg] l;FrfOsf] lj:tf/, -O{_ aLpm lahg tyf dnvfb ljt/0fdf ;'wf/, -p_ u|fdL0f ;8sx¿sf] lj:tf/, -pm_ s[lifnfO{ Joj;flos / cfw'lgs agfpg], / -P_ cUof{lgs / pRr d"No s[lifdf hf]8 .
;fj{hlgs lzIffdf kl/sNkgf ul/Psf x:tIf]kx¿ o;k|sf/ 5g\ . -c_ k"j{–k|fylds, cfwf/e"t / dfWolds lzIffsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/, -cf_ ;fIf/tf tyf hLjgko{Gt l;sfO, -O_ lzIfsx¿sf] Joj;flos tflnd tyf ljsf;, -O{_ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / ljBfnox¿sf] ef}lts ;'/Iff, -p_ v]ns'bdf o'jfsf] k|j4{g, -pm_ pRr lzIff tyf cg';Gwfg, -P_ k|fljlws tyf Joj;flos lzIff, -P]_ ;a} txsf] lzIffdf ;dtf / u'0f:t/sf] ;Daw{g, -cf]_ ljBfno vfgf tyf cfsif{s eQf lbO{ ;'b[9 kf]if0f sfo{qmd, -cf}_ b'u{d If]qdf cfjfl;o lj3fno :yfkgf, / -c+_ df]8n :s"nx?sf] :yfkgf .
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOdf, of]hgfdf /x]sf x:tIf]kx¿ o;k|sf/ 5g\ . -c_ ;'/lIft tyf ;:tf] vfg]kfgLdf Jofks tyf ;dtfd"ns kx'Fr / ;a}sf nflu kof{Kt ;/;kmfO tyf :jR5tf, -cf_ kmf]x/ kfgL k|zf]wg tyf k'gMk|of]u nufot kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL ljifox¿, -O_ kfgLsf] cefj x6fpgsf] nflu kfgLsf] r':t k|of]u, / -O{_ kfgLsf] ;|f]t Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ tyf kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf] ;+/If0f .
pmhf{ If]qdf ul/g] x:tIf]kx¿ o;k|sf/ 5g\ . -c_ 7"nf hnljB't kl/of]hgf, u|L8 k|0ffnL aflx/sf] n3' hnljB't, / u|L8df hf]l8Psf] ;f}o{ pmhf{ k|0ffnLdfk{mt pmhf{ pTkfbg, -cf_ k|zf/0f tyf ljt/0f k|0ffnL, -O_ pmhf{ r':ttfdf ;'wf/, -p_ pmhf{ cfk"lt{sf] lgoldt u'0f:t/ sfod /fVg Joj:yfkg tyf d;nGb vr{,
b}n]vdf cfˆg} v]tdf uf]? hf]Tb} Ps ls;fg . kxf8L e]sdf v]tLkftLsf nflu uf]? g} e/kbf{ ;fwg x'g\ .
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg36
-pm_ cfGtl/s vktsf nflu ljz]if cf}Bf]lus of]hgf, -P_ ;ª\3 k|b]z / :yflgosf] ;+o'Qm nufgLsf kl/of]hgfsf nflu ;/sf/L, lghL / hgtfsf] nufgLsf nflu kxnsbdL, -P]_ Go"gtd j]tg / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff .
;dfj]zL j[l4 tyf pTkfbgd"ns /f]huf/L ;DaGwL x:tIf]k o;k|sf/ 5g\ . -c_ s[lif, lgdf{0f, pTkfbg, tyf ko{6g h:tf >d;3g If]qx¿df /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf, -cf_ ;fgf tyf demf}nf Joj;fox¿sf] k|j4{g / ;fgf Joj;fonfO{ ljQLo ;]jfx¿df kx'Fr, -O_ ;Lk ljsf;, -O{_ /f]huf/ ;"rgf k|0ffnL, -p_ afn >dsf] lgjf/0f, -pm_ sfo{:yndf x'g;Sg] rf]6k6saf6 ;'/Iff, -P_ >d sfg"gsf] sfo{Gjog, / -P]_ Go"gtd j]tg / ;fdflhs .
ko{6g If]q cGtu{t o:tf sfo{qmdx¿ x'g;S5g\ . kx'Fr / ko{6sLo k"jf{wf/sf] :yfkgf, xf]6]n sf]7fx¿sf] lgdf{0f, ko{6sn] ug{ ;Sg] lqmofsnfksf] ljsf;, / ko{6s cfudgsf] nflu k|rf/k|;f/ .
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ cGtu{t ug'{kg]{ sfdx¿df ;8s, /]ndfu{, k'nx¿ / ljdfg:ynx¿sf] gofF lgdf{0f, dd{t;Def/, :t/f]GgtL / /0fgLlts ;8s ;~hfn / :yfgLo ;8s ;~hfnsf] gofF lgdf{0f k5{g\ .
pBf]udf ul/g] nufgL cfjZostf, k|fb]lzs s"n u|fX{:Yo pTkfbgdf pTkfbgsf] of]ubfg a9fpg] nIosf] cfwf/df agfpg'kb{5 .
zx/L ljsf; tyf cfjf;df ul/g] sfdx¿ o;k|sf/ 5g\ . -c_ ;'/lIft ;8s lgdf{0f, -cf_ 9n lgsf;, -O_ ljkGgsf] nflu cfjf; / emf]k/k6\tL ;'wf/, -O{_ ljkb\ kZrft\ k'glgdf{0f / ljkb\ k"j{ Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu tof/L, / -p_ kfOkaf6 vfg]kfgL cfk"tL{ / ljB't ;~hfnh:tf ;x/L k"jf{wf/sf] lgdf{0f .
hnjfo' ;DaGwL sfo{qmd o;k|sf/ 5g\, -c_ alnof] tyf cg's"ngof]Uo Ifdtfsf] lgdf{0f, -cf_ pmT;h{g 36fpg], -O_ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] 8f6f tyf cg'udg ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{, -O{_ k"jf{wf/sf] nflu hnjfo' cg's'n k|ljlw, / -P_ k"j{ vt/f cg'dfg ;"rs k|0ffnL :yfkgf .
jg tyf kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLdf ul/g] x:tIf]k o;k|sf/ 5g\ . -c_ jg, tfntn}of, l;d;f/, jGohGt', h}ljs ljljwtf, / e"ldsf] ;+/If0f, -cf_ /fli6«of tyf :yfgLo of]hgfdf kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL / h}ljs ljljwtfsf] PsLs/0f, / -O_ hnfwf/ If]qsf] cf/If0f .
;'zf;g ;DaGwL ug'{kg]{ sfdx¿df -c_ Gofodf kx'Fr, -cf_ e|i6frf/ lj?4 Ifdtf clej[l4, -O_ ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/, -O{_ of]hgf, ah]6 th'{df tyf sfo{Gjogdf Ifdtf clej[l4, -p_ gful/s ;r]tgf, / -pm_ lbuf] ljsf; nIo cg'udgsf] nflu tYofÍ k|0ffnL .
lbuf] ljsf; nIosf w]/} ;"rsx¿ u'0ffTds k|s[ltsf 5g\ . To;}n] o;sf] nflu cfjZos nufgL h'6fpg] u/L nfut of]hgf agfpg ;lsFb}g . gLlt ;'wf/, lgodfjnL tyf k|zf;lgs sfo{Gjogdfk{mt o;sf] pknlAw xft kfg'{k5{ . o;sf cltl/Qm c;dfgtf, cGofo, jlxis/0f, jf c;'/Iffsf ;"rsx¿df ;'wf/ ug{ gLltut ;'wf/ / o;} ;jfnx¿df sfd ug]{ u/L tof/ ul/Psf / u7g ul/Psf ;+:yfx¿sf] dfWodn] g} ;a}eGbf /fd|/L xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 .
s0ff{nL k|b]z 37
%=# nufgL/fli6«o :t/df, ;Dk"0f{ lbuf] ljsf; nIo cjlwe/sf] nflu nfUg] jflif{s nufgLsf] k|f/lDes cg'dfg s"n u|fX{:Yo pTkfbgsf] $@ b]lv %$ k|ltzt 5 . lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] ;Dk"0f{ cjlwe/ cf};t nufgL sl/a ? @) va{ @% ca{, cyf{t\ s"n u|fX{:Yo pTkfbgsf] $( k|ltzt x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . cfly{s cj:yf / hg;ª\Vofsf] sf/0fn], of] /fli6«o cg'dfgsf] !% k|ltzt s0ff{nL k|b]zdf vr{ x'g] b]lvG5 .
of] :t/sf] nufgLsf] nflu /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL ;|f]tx¿sf] k"0f{ kl/rfng cfjZos kg]{5 . 3/kl/jf/af6 x'g] nufgLdf plt Wofg uPsf] 5}g . To;} klg pgLx¿n] cfk\mgf] cfDbfgLsf] 7"nf] lx:;f ;fj{hlgs / lghL If]qn] k|bfg ug]{ cfwf/e"t ;fdflhs / cfly{s ;]jfx¿df vr{ ug]{ u5{g\ . 3/kl/jf/sf] cfDbfgL km/s km/s txsf] 5 . /fli6«o ul/aLsf] /]vf;Fusf] t'ngfdf pgLx¿sf] :yfg / pkef]u ug]{ jf vr{ ug]{ pgLx¿sf] l;dfGt k|j[lQsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/x¿n] s"n lbuf] ljsf; nIo nufgL cfjZostfsf] kfFr k|ltzt;Dd Jooef/ Joxf]g{ ;S5g\ .
lghL If]qn] a9L pBf]u, pmhf{, eff}lts k"jf{wf/, cfjf;, ;x/L k"jf{wf/ tyf ko{6gdf nufgL ug]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] ko{6g, cf}Bf]lus / oftfoft k"jf{wf/sf] em08} kfFr efusf] tLg efu nufgL ug]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs If]qn] ;'?df ul/aL Go"lgs/0faf6 ;'? u/]/, s[lif, :jf:Yo, lzIff, n}lËstf, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO, oftfoft k"jf{wf/, hnjfo' kl/jt{g lj?4 sbd, tyf ;'zf;gdf b]ze/sf] nflu lbuf] ljsf; nIo nufgL :j¿k %% k|ltzt Joxf]g]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . h:sf nflu qmdzM ko{6g, pmhf{, pBf]u, / ;x/L k"jf{wf/ -vf;u/L cfjf;_df ;fj{hlgs nufgLsf] Go"gtd cfjZostf kg]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .
/fli6«o :t/df, ;fj{hlgs If]qdf lbuf] ljsf; nIo nufgL cfjZostfsf] ^@ k|ltzt cfGtl/s /fhZj kl/rfng tyf cfGtl/s C0faf6 / ;du| cf}krfl/s j}b]lzs ;xfotfaf6 @) k|ltzt of]ubfg x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ @)!^–@)@) sf] cjlwdf sDtLdf jflif{s !) k|ltztn], ;g\ @)@!–@)@% sf] cjlwdf kfFr k|ltztn] / To;kl5 b'O{ k|ltztn] a9\g] cg'dfg ubf{ cf}krfl/s j}b]lzs ;xfotfaf6 cf}krfl/s ljsf; ;xfotfsf] /sd clxn]sf] :t/af6 bf]Aa/ x'g'kg]{5 . cfGtl/s ¿kdf p7fOPsf] ;|f]tsf] b'O{–ltxfO{ /sd / cf}krfl/s ljsf; ;xfotfsf] () k|ltzt lbuf] ljsf; nIotk{m nufpg'k5{ . lghL nufgLsf] ;|f]t cfGtl/s art, k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgL dfk{mt\ j}b]lzs ;]o/ nufgL, /fli6«o / ljb]zL a}+sx¿af6 shf{ nufgL /
pkNnf] 8f]Nkfsf] 9f] ufpFdf cfˆg} v]tdf kfv'/L rnfpFb} Ps dlxnf . ef}lts >d g} Psdfq ljsNk xf] kxf8L e]sdf .
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg38
;fj{hlgs–lghL ;fe]mbf/L -efolaln6L Uofk km08Lª ;lxt_ dfk{mt\ ;fj{hlgs If]q;Fu ;fe]mbf/L ul/g] ;|f]tdfk{mt\ hDdf ul/g] ;]o/ nufgL x'g]5g\ . …jl~rlts/0fdf k/]sf] If]qÚdf clgjfo{ nufgL ug'{kg]{ em08} %) k|ltzt a}+s shf{ / ljsf; nIox¿df nfUg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . h; cGtu{t % k|ltzt ljkGg If]qdf hfg] shf{ klxn]b]lv g} afWosf/L 5 . u}/ lbuf] ljsf; nIo nufgLnfO{ lbuf] ljsf; nIotk{m nufP/, ;]o/ nufgLdf 7"nf] /sd cfslif{t u/]/, a}+saf6 shf{ lnP/ / vf;u/L pBf]u / ef}lts k"jf{wf/ If]qdf 7"nf] k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgL cfslif{t u/]/ lghL If]qsf] ;|f]t cefj k"tL{ ug{ ;lsG5 .
b]ze/sf ;xsf/Lx¿af6 lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] nflu pknAw x'g;Sg] nufgL /sd jflif{s yk ? @% ca{ x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] klg ;fdflhs / cfly{s lqmofsnfkdf jflif{s sl/a ? @) ca{ nufgL ug]{ u5{g\ . ;xsf/L / u};; If]qsf] nufgL /sd pgLx¿n] p7fpg] /sddf lge{/ /xg] ePsfn] ltgLx¿n] /sd cefj Joxf]g]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5}g .
;du|df, ;g\ @)!^–@)!(sf] cjlwdf s"n u|fX{:Yo pTkfbgsf] (=( k|ltzt b]lv lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] clGtd cjlw ;g\ @)@%–@)#) sf] cjlwdf pRr !% k|ltzt;Ddsf] ljQLo vf8n x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ @)!^–@)#) sf] cjlwdf, ^=^ k|ltztsf] lg/Gt/ cfly{s j[l4 x'g] cg'dfgsf] cfwf/df, cf}ift ljQLo vf8n s"n u|fX{:Yo pTkfbgsf] sl/a !@ k|ltzt x'g]5 .
g]kfnsf ev{/ ul9t :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿n] :yfgLo :t/df lbuf] ljsf; nIox¿df nufgL ug{ pNn]Vo :t/df gofF ;|f]tx¿ cfh{g ug'{k5{ . clwsf+z :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] nflu s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/af6 cfpg] ;|f]t x:tfGt/0f g} cfosf] k|d'v ;|f]t xf] . bL3{sfnLg k"jf{wf/ of]hgfdf nrstf ckgfpgsf] nflu :yfgLo shf{x¿ klg cfjZos k5{ . :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿n] shf{sf] nflu k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] sDtLdf b'O{cf]6f pkfo 5g\ M gu/kflnsfx¿sf] nflu gu/ ljsf; sf]if / ;a} :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿sf] nflu a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf . :yfgLo nufgLsf] cfjZostf ltgLx¿sf] jt{dfg cfo eGbf cToGt w]/} ePsfn] shf{ lnP/ ;fj{hlgs vr{ ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpgsf] nflu sfg'gL Joj:yf klg ul/Psf] 5 .
;+3Lotfsf] o'udf :yfgLo k"jf{wf/df nufgL ug{ ;fj{hlgs–lghL ;fe]mbf/Lsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cToGt uDeL/tfk"j{s ;~rfng ug'{k5{ . lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfsf] ljleGg :j¿k x'g;S5g\, h;n] :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿nfO{ sfo{ ;~rfng tyf cfo cfh{gsf] If]q lj:tf/ ug{sf] nflu cj;/ k|bfg u5{ . aflx/L sG6«ofS6 ug]{, 5'6 pknAw u/fpg] tyf k|mfGrfOh pknAw u/fpg] cflb o;sf pbfx/0fx? x'g\ . o;sf nflu y'k|} cltl/Qm ;+oGqx¿ klg nfu" ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu, cfw'lgs k"jf{wf/;Fu hf]l8Pkl5 hUufsf] efp a9\5 eGg] ts{sf] cfwf/df ;d'bfox¿nfO{ cfslif{t u/L hUuf Plss/0fn] ;femf k"jf{wf/sf] k|j4{gdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg ;S5 .
ljkGgd'vL Joodfk{mt ;fj{hlgs If]qdf ljQLo nufgL a9fpg] kof{Kt 7fpF 5 . oBlk, ;/sf/L ;|f]t Ps If]qaf6 csf]{ If]qdf /sdfGt/ ug{sf] nflu /fhgLlts OR5fzlQm / sd{rf/LtGqsf] alnof] ;xof]u cfjZos k5{ . ;x>fAbL ljsf; nIosf] ;dodf, ;/sf/L ah]6sf] 7"nf] k|ltzt cfwf/e"t ;fdflhs ;]jfx¿sf] nflu 5'6\ofpg ;lhnf] lyof] . t/ lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] xsdf, cfly{s If]qaf6 ;fdflhs If]qdf /sdfGt/ ug{ cK7\of/f] x'G5 -/ ;DejtM Tolt plrt klg x'Fb}g_ . lsgeg] lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] sfo{;"rLdf cfly{s kIf klg ;fdflhs kIf hlQs} dxTjk"0f{ 5 . lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] cfly{s bfo/f km/flsnf] kfg{sf] nflu Joosf] r':ttf a9fpg] pkfonfO{ klg Ps dxTjk"0f{ pkfosf] ¿kdf ;'emfOPsf] 5 .
s0ff{nL k|b]z 39
k|b]zn] ;+ljwfgn] lbPsf] bfo/fleq /fhZj p7fpg yk k|of; ug'{k5{ . bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf, lbuf] j[l4sf] nflu, s"n ufx{:y pTkfbgsf] s/sf] bfo/f km/flsnf] kfg'{k5{ . ck|ToIf s/x¿sf] k|s[lt k|ltufdL x'g] ePsfn] cfwf/e"t j:t' tyf ;]jf ;d]6\g] u/L s/sf] bfo/f km/flsnf] agfpFbf o:tf j:t' tyf ;]jfx¿df ljkGgsf] kx'Fr 36\g ;S5 .
nufgL dfq geP/, g]kfndf csf]{ cK7\of/f] ;+:yfut txdf Ifdtfsf] cefj xf] . o;n] ubf{, OR5f eP/ /sd ljlgof]hg ubf{ klg ;]jf k|jfx k|efjsf/L gx'g] u/]sf] 5 . Ifdtf clej[l4sf lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ k|b]z of]hgf tyf ah]6 th'{df k|lqmofsf] d"nwf/df gNofOP;Dd b|'t sfo{Gjogsf] nflu ltgLx¿n] cfjZos k|fyldstf / ;|f]tx¿ kfpg] 5}gg\ . ;x>fAbL ljsf; nIo sfof{Gjogsf] kl/j]zdf ul/Psf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf cEof;x¿n] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] k|0ffnLdf w]/} ;fwgx¿, 1fg tyf cg'ej k|bfg u/]sf] 5, / To;nfO{ lbuf] ljsf; nIo;DalGwt Ifdtf clej[l4sf] nflu ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsG5 .
k/Dk/fut klx/gdf ;lhP/ 8f]sf] af]Sb} x'DnfsL Ps dlxnf, hf] sl7g >dsf aLr klg d':sfPsL 5g\ .
cfwf/ /]vf k|ltj]bg40
%=$ ;+:yfx¿kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb]lxtf / Ifdtfljlxg 9ª\un] zf;g ul/of] eg] ul/a tyf hf]lvddf /x]sf hgtfn] ;a}eGbf a9L ;f:tL kfFp5g\ . cfodf pRr c;dfgtf eof] eg] cfly{s j[l4n] dfq ul/aL lgjf/0f x'Fb}g . s'nLg ju{n] zf;g ubf{ ul/ax¿sf] ;|f]t ;fwgdf kx'Fr x'b}g, cj;/x¿ ;'s]/ hfG5g\ / pgLx¿sf] cfjfh blaG5 . lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox? log} ;jfnx¿;Fu ;DjlGwt 5g\, / ltgn] k|efjsf/L, hjfkmb]xL / ;dfj]zL ;+:yfx¿ ;a} txdf lgdf{0f ug{ hf]8 lbG5g\ .
@%) jif{sf] Oltxf;df g]kfnn] klxnf] k6s ;ª\3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL ckgfO/xFbf, ;fd'bflos ;xeflutf / :yfgLo txb]lv g} hjfkmb]lxtf k|j4{g ug{ :yfgLo txsf ;ª\3;+:yfx¿ dfk{mt ;]jf k|jfxdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] pko'Qm ;do oxL xf] . ;ª\3Lo txsf ;ª\3;+:yfx¿n] klg cfˆgf] ;+:yfut ;'wf/ u/L gLltlgod agfpFbf, ;+of]hg ubf{, lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo xfl;n ug{ cfjZos lghL If]qsf] nufgLnfO{ cGo If]qnfO{ ;d]t ;xlhs/0f ug{ ljz]if hf]8 lbg' cfjZos 5 .
lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo xfl;n ug{ oyfy{k/s tYofÍdf cfwfl/t eO{ bx|f] cg'udg k|0ffnL cfjZos kb{5 . ljleGg nIox¿df ePsf] k|ult dfkg ug{ / k|ultnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ r':t tYofÍ k|0ffnL ;lxtsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg ;/sf/af6 dfq ;Dej x'G5 .
tYofÍnfO{ s]nfpg] -lnË, pd]/, hftLotf, ckfËtf, :yfg, k|zf;sLo If]q, cfo jf ;DklQ_ / Ps¿ktf -ljj/0f, dfkg ul/Psf] cfwf/, k|lt:kwf{_ cflb sfod ug]{ csf]{ r'gf}tL 5 . !)) eGbf a9L lbuf] ljsf; nIosf ;"rsx¿df s'g} tYofÍ 5}gg\ . u'0ffTds hfgsf/LnfO{ klg ;'wf/ ug'{ h?/L 5, h:t} gful/ssf] ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|ltsf] wf/0ff, e|i6frf/ / ;'v zflGt . ;/sf/n] ;Íng u/]sf] tYofÍ / u}x| ;/sf/L ;ª\3;+:yfx¿n] tof/ kf/]sf] ljz]if u/L ck/fw, dfgj a]rljvg, dfgj clwsf/ xgg\ cflb tYofÍx¿df leGgtf b]lvG5 .
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