Jainizm Tarihi

7/24/2019 Jainizm Tarihi

1/31

Yd. D. D., S..ahia Fakei

Die Taihi ei ei

A. GRA. GRA. GRA. GRDa f % 0.06

ba d Jaii, Hidiadaakak M.. VI. da aa kae Hidide aa diiceeaada biiidi.1Mi bi di ei bi kaakee ahi aka biikeba Die Taihiei a,Hidii bi ehebi ea aikaaak gedi.2 Meieiakak ea d i kadad. Ba bk , Hidiada;

Gcaa, Rajaha e Ua Padehe bi k da gede Me bgeidedi.3 Jaii M.. VIII. a kada gei gide e 23. Tihakaa Paa(Pahaaha)a daaa bi geie ahii. Paa aa a dcee 24. Tihakaa aak kab edie G Vadhaaa Jaia ai Mahaia

aafda ieeiii e di haeke hii a.4B di haeke, ada Hid iide aa ka efc

eheede biiidi ki, M.. VI. da Hidide iki ee ef haekei g; he ikii de daha aa fak die aak eakki ediii:Ba Jaii e Bdidi. He ikii de a aada ec a kaaa ka bi eaki eiie ahii. He ikii de, aa ada baak Saaa (eahh g) akda ka e a kaaa hedefee di haekeedi. Jaii, Bdide aih iibaie daha

cedi. D Jaiii baagc, M.. VI. da bia daha geieegide.5

Jaii, Bahaaa, a i eii hafife aaka biike; h g eiide eieii. Jaii, Bahaa ieie ka bikaee, ieie, k ka ka ieie e ka kbaaa ka bi eak

1Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, Die Taihi, Edi: Na See, Aad

ieiei Akei Fakei Ya, Ekiehi, 1993, . 61.2Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 61; Ga TeAbdaha Kk,

Die Taihi, Ocak Yaa, Akaa, 1997, III. Ba, . 106; Oa Ciac, G Da Di

ei, Diae ei Baka Yaa, Akaa, 1995, . 176.3Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 61; Mehe Ad, Aikedik DieS, Ne K Mekei, Ka, 2005, . 347, Jaii addei.

4Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 61; Ga TeAbdaha Kk,a.g.e., . 107; Mehe Ad, Aikedik Die S, . 347, Jaii addei; Ahe G,eii Diede e da Kba, Dce Kiabei, ab, 2003, . 98.

5Chae S. Bade, Jaii, A Eccedia f Reigi, Edi: Vegii Fe, Ne Jee, 1959,. 384385; Li Re, Hidi, Tece: Maide See, eii Yaa, ab, 1993, . 33.


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i egieekedi.6 Jaie, iaa eiiie ia e b ka aaak, hekee eek ieek iaaaa aad.7Jaii, Vedaaieii ika ei e b de Bahaa aafda heeik (ak) aak

eakki ediiedi.8

Jaii, Bdi gibi aik ai aa haa ak kaad bididi.9 Jaiide hd haa k ei bi e a. E fak bi bceiicieee a deecede e geieke, kedi efieie ikeceekada aa gaaa aaa.10

Jaii, Bahaa ekiie e ba Hi dce ieeie ka aak aa kaa ae, Hi dceii gee eeeii e ba abedieide Bahaa kab eekedi.11

Geeeke aak Jaiide k, ia kedi abaa kaaa biedi. B da ee aak ahiik eibie kd. cehe; Bigi, ae D Daa, ihai k aak ga. Die Hid gadadaha iade, a Aa (iddeiik)a ai aa eee eibie e

eie12, he ca dei aak eiedi. Bda da haacke iaaka ak daak ahi e i haa ecih eiedi. Beeeejiei dka kd. Beeeei ii bia ee e ebe eeidi. i bi

Jaii, iii , ad haa ek dad. B ii a e bakk bi (be)e kaa, e kk bi ca bie deek ii dake daa ak bi ge ie ecekei eei e.13

Jaii abede, Hidiadaki a abedei e dikka ekici e aafaa aadad.14Jaii ceaa; keie e aikede . D eade bi haa ei ei edie Jaiie, acak kedi dieie aae iaa. Oaa ge kaia ebedidi, aaa. Cee eCehee ad. Jaii ceaai idaei ahi e ahibeei eidedi.Mabedeki ibadee, ahie aafda dei, hak aafda idae edii.

6 Ga TeAbdaha Kk, . 108; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka,a.g.e., . 61; Baki AdaMehe Kaa, Die Taihi, Edi: Mehe KATAR, Aad ieieiAkei FakeiYa, Ekiehi, 1999, . 27; Oa Ciac, Die e aa Teijii,Daa Yaei, ab, 2001, . 185, Jaii addei.

7Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 61.8Hea Jacbi, Jaii, Eccedia f Reigi ad Ehic (IXIII), Edi: Jae Haig, Ne

Yk, 1951, VII/465; E.E. Kee, A Sh Hi f Reigi, Ld, 1948, . 412; Li Re,a.g.e., . 33.

9Hea Jacbi, Jaii, VII/465.10Ga TeAbdaha Kk, . 108; Mehe Ad, Aikedik Die S, .347,

Jaii addei.11Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 108.12Chae S. Bade, Jaii, . 385.13 Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 67; Ga TeAbdaha

Kk, a.g.e., . 108; Mehe Ad, Aikedik Die S, . 347, Jaii addei; AheG, a.g.e., . 100.

14Chae S. Bade, Jaii, . 385.


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bade eada Tihakaaaa igii iahie ei. Bae Hid aaabe e ibade edee. ki kaaa.15

Jaii daha k ai e e hak aada a16, keiike gei bi a

geeei, aca g d kaada abiii. Sa bkka aad Shiac e Vihc aka eide caad XII. ad geiei e Hidi eide ek ekii aa.17

B.B.B.B. TARHETARHETARHETARHEJaiii baagca igii dkaa kaakk ifade eekedi.

Mahaia aihi ai Niaaa giii M.. 527526 aa ekabeekedi ki, geeeke Jai akiii baag ka ; faka babii adaa Mahaia aihii akak daha ge heaaa(M.. 427426). Ne de a Jai adece Mahaia aafda ka. Daha d, eiei, 23. Tihakaa Paa akiiei iekaa, eide aaa e efa b aki eii. Obe ei

eki kaaa iae ediii. Gah kaa e iak aikei, akk, diieie eek Mahaia eiei aada aie edii , geiakk Paa eiei eide ek eii a.18

Rahiei daaadaki ba fakka kab edieke beabe akaaa, M.. IV. ada bi a geii. Riae edidii ee,bi kk a, eii dii ga XI. caa (di ide) Bhadabah bakada gee g eek da kaad. Sa M.S. 79 da Jaiiceaa iki aa ehebe ad: Daaaa Haa giieeaka eSaaaa Bea giiee. B be ie biike dki he iki giide beigiei. Aa dkiedeki ei kaaa Sheabaa eDigabaaa aafda aka.19Die aafa eigafik e iea kaa b dii ga (aa) h a d ia eekedi. B ga da(aa)aa e k (a)aa eka b.20

Mahaia ceaaii dikkae dee gaia, k e fakieii abi bi ei e eieii deaa ia ediii. Mahaia, ahie ahibee idaeii, bi ba haaiie ea aaaaaa

15 Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 61, 6566; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 110111; Oa Ciac, G Da Diei, . 176.

16 Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 62; Ga TeAbdahaKk, a.g.e., . 107; Oa Ciac, G Da Diei, . 176.

17Li Re, a.g.e., . 33.18

Cee Caia, Jaii, The Eccedia f Reigi (IXVI), Edi: Micea Eiade, Ne Yk,1987, VII/507.19 Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi dea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih f

Chiiai, Taaed: Wiad R. Tak, Chicag, 1978, II/227; Geffe Paide, WdReigi F Acie Hi The Pee, Ne Yk, 1983, . 243; Cee Caia, Jaii,VII/507; Mehe Ad, Die Taihie Gii, Di Biiei Yaa, Ka, 2002, II. Ba, . 78; A.Hii e Bdda, Die Taihi, Vaki GaeeMabaa Khae, ab, 1935, . 124125.

20Cee Caia, Jaii, VII/507.


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eae eii. B bi haaii eii Gaaa Idabhi idi.21O eeka Sdhaa kedi ecii Jaba Mahaia eii e ekieiieii ei. Bece Sheabaaa ka kia kia, di ide

(aa)ei keiee bi iieie Shdhaaa kada gei gide.22

Ka eiei aihi, a aka ka abaa dda daha da iei g. B c aak Mahaiada akak iki aa Paaia ai bgk Paada bi ki a. B kide, Jaigeeekeide e Pad iifaka kab edie Bhadabah bk bi a. Die kie daha a Sheabaaa aafda a.Ba e eii a e KahiaadaGjaaa M.S. V. ikici ada aa Vaabhi Kiide kaaa ka eiei bik e aaaaak, Jaii ceaae da. Maafih, Digabaaa b kiageiiiii ika edeek, b eie ceki kaik eei geiiiikab eiedi.23

Mahaiada a Jaii ceaa Magadha (Biha)da baa e gee

bi kea a g eiedi. Jaiie, a eicii ad eeecch gdkeii akaad. He e kada baaa k iede Jaie, Mahaia ada Magadha Ka Bibiaa e a Bhadabah

aki edeek, Saaa Bega K kbak ge eeede biide e ee Maa aa Cadaga Maa daiee ee aafda deekeiedi. M.S. V. da DigabaaaDeccada eike de Kaaakada ekii ad. Gaga Raaka e diehkda aeei eii ada Jai k hei geiii. idi k a e aaada k eh Yaaia Mehebii de d aehee k. Ba biike M.S. X. Yda Vaiai e Saii,Tai bgeide Jaiii eii e M.S. XII. da ie a Kaaakadad gibi Jaii eide afe kaaad. Sheabaaaa geice; a

eike Gjaaa baa ad. Oada a di ieide biia Heacada (10891172), Caka Ka Kaaaa (11441173)a hie ei e kak beide ba Jai kaa ga. Geiee, de hee a baa e Maa fehie h kaa.

Jaii faaiee, e da. idiki Rajahadaki Ab Daeide kee abede ia ediii. eii efi eheeiaa ka, Sheabaaa ca kaaakad. M HkdaEkbe ah (15551605) aada bie Jai dkii baa . B eheede ba daha . 1653 da k aSaaae 1761 da k a Taaeheei, hekeee

21

Cee Caia, Jaii, VII/507; Cee Caia, Mahaia, The Eccedia f Reigi (IXVI),Edi: Micea Eiade, Ne Yk, 1987, IX/129; Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, Die Taihi S,Tece: Ai Eba, a Yaa, ab, 1997, . 74; Mehe Ad, Die Taihie Gii, . 78.

22Cee Caia, Jaii, VII/507.23Cee Caia, Jaii, VII/507; Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa

Bddha he Tih f Chiiai, II/227; S. Kiha Sakea, Jaii, Eccedia Biaica(IXXIII), Edi: Wae E. Peece, Aeika, 1965, XII/846; Eke Sak, Baaga Ge Die Taihi, Fake Kiabei, Iaa, 2002, IV. Ba, . 188.


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e abed ibadeeie a g haefeeie biiie e idiki Aaahaekei, Teaahi ahi caa SiTi aafda 1949 da k.24

Jai aa ik ihia kaaaa. Jaie, gde a

ae gde kaba. Digabaaa; Mahaaha e Kaaakada eSheabaaa Pejab, Rajaha e Gjaada aka dekedie.Jaii i adaa geeike Hidia aa ehieide e a aada Hidia dda bik ede akif aak faaieeii ekedie.25

C. KURUCUSU VARDHAMANA JNATRIPUTRA (MAHAVRAC. KURUCUSU VARDHAMANA JNATRIPUTRA (MAHAVRAC. KURUCUSU VARDHAMANA JNATRIPUTRA (MAHAVRAC. KURUCUSU VARDHAMANA JNATRIPUTRA (MAHAVRAJNA)NIN HAYATIJNA)NIN HAYATIJNA)NIN HAYATIJNA)NIN HAYATI

k Tihakaa Rabha geeekee ge Jaiii kcd; faka ii Vedaada geeie ae, Paaada a igii bigie k dahaad.26Jaiii kc Vadhaaa Jaia (MahaiaJia) aak geiie de, ada Jaii, 23. Tihakaa a Paa (Pahaaha)a (M.. VIII.) kada gei gide bi geie ahii. Paa, Naa (Sakie

Nigaha; Pakie Niggaa) (baa, aad aa, ka ai Kaafaaie, i e eeii baada aa,beka) Mehebii kc aak biii. Vadhaaada 250 ce aad ee Paa aihibi ahie d, kab ediekedi. B ebee, Jaiii b a aafdakd eieek, b haekei baagc M.. 850 aa kada geigekedi. He e kada Jaiii M.. VI. da Vadhaaa aafda kd eee aa da, b aihi, b di haekei baagcdei, Paa aafda aa ka dkii, Vadhaaa aafda ahediek eie geiiieek ieeiidii e eka e kaad deeigediii iei ee de . Bda da, Vadhaaa ceei bdi haekei kc aak geke idi ie efc aak ieediiekedi.27

Beaee dd kab edie e Beaei bi ka aPaaa Paaaa (Maffe) ad eiii. Paa 30 aada dahaa ek ei, he ei ei, bigeie a e aa eee baa,eki ceaa kdka a, M.. 776 da ada bi da badacee kada aaca ehi a. Paa, h gdeki Jaiei ke ijiideki iiai eii hafaa eekedi. Paa, Vadhaaa eBdda haa hikaeeideki bk beeike dikka ekekedi. He de Kahia (PeeAkee) Kaa e.28 Jaii kaakaa ge

24Cee Caia, Jaii, VII/507508.25

Cee Caia, Jaii, VII/508.26S. Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/846.27S. Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/846; Aeaie Schie, Die Taihie Gii, Ge Mabaa,

Akaa, 1955, . 176; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 107; A. Hii e Bdda,a.g.e., . 120121.

28 Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi dea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih fChiiai, II/85; S. Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/846; E. R Pike, Jaii, Eccedia fReigi ad Reigi, Ld, 1951, . 203; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 107.


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Paa kd di haekee; deek (aa), hakikaid eek (a), aaak (aa) e affedici ak aa kaa idi.29

Gde bk bi a ge Jaiii kc aak kab edi

e Vadhaaa Jaia (MahaiaJia) haa ekide eeebiii:M.. VI. da D Hidiada aa ede a fif e di eicieide bii de Jaiii ieaie ede e kc aak fa edieVadhaaad. Oa, aiei aafda Vadhaaa (affak baa30, 31, aaaabe32, kediiide aafaaaa33) iieiii. Taa , kk e ehike kada aaka dada daMaaa (Bk Kahaa) aak iiediiedi.34 Aca a bigeieaaak ka eei e ia ihiaada ka c Ja(FaihMaffeGai) iii de eidiii g.35Bda da idei

Jaie aak iiediii e b dii haekee de Jaii deiii.36B aada baka Bdi eieide Vadhaaada Naaa (NaaaO) aak ediekedi.37

Vadhaaa iik bigafii Sheabaa geeeii ekeidee a e Hi ka ahie (aaa) aadigaa g aak ekideiiii. Vadhaaa, Bihada bi Baha ei Deaada ahiede, acak bi kak aieide daa gei die, Ta da aafda ebi, Magadha hkdak ede aieeie akaba a Vaiaii bi eea Tiaa ahie afe ediii.38B h Sheabaa ka eieide e iaeide b ekide ai ediii. B a Kiha hikaeiihaaakad ki, Digabaaa aafda eddediii. Gd gibi,

29A. Hii e Bdda, a.g.e., . 121.30 Cee Caia, Mahaia, IX/128; Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F

Gaaa Bdda he Tih f Chiiai, II/86.

31Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 73.32E. R Pike, Mahaia, Eccedia f Reigi ad Reigi, Ld, 1951, . 240.33Oa Ciac, Die e aa Teijii, . 377, Vadhaaa addei.34Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/128.35 Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih f

Chiiai, II/86; Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 73; Chae S. Bade, Mahaia, AEccedia f Reigi, Edi: Vegii Fe, Ne Jee, 1959, . 463; Cee Caia, Jaiiaddei, . 507; S. Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/846; Feicie Chaee, Die Taihi, Tece:Saih Tiaki, Vak Yaa, ab, ., . 63; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., .107; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 62; Mehe Ad, Die Taihie Gii, . 78; Jea Vaee, Hidi, Di Feei, Tece: Mehe Ad, Teki Kiabei,Ka, 1993, . 316; Eke Sak, a.g.e., . 188; Aeaie Schie, a.g.e., . 176; MeheTaaac, Kaaa Die Taihi, Ge Mabaack, Akaa, 1966, . 157158; Baki AdaMehe Kaa, a.g.e., .27; e Ra D, Yedeki Die Taihi, k Kiabei, ab,

1958, II. Ba, . 92.36Micea EiadeJa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 73; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka,a.g.e., . 62; Baki AdaMehe Kaa, a.g.e., .27.

37S. Kiha Sakea, Jaii addei; XII/846; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka,a.g.e., . 62; Mehe Ad, Aikedik Die S, . 347, Jaii addei.

38Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 7374; Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/128; MiceaEiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih f Chiiai,II/85; Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/466.


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Jaiii iki ehebi a Sheabaaa e Digabaaa 24. TihakaaVadhaa bigafiide aaaaakada.39Vadhaaa aa ahied aeii g d d ea a aa daadak

ad ki , Tiaa b aada bea bi f i, bea bi ba, bi aa, Taa Si,da, da ge, ka .. g, b aa k, k Jai ieade die geiii, eaaada e abedede de ai ediii.40Vadhaaa aa ahie dke hee a, ediie ge geekkediide geeke eafda bk deie e geiee .41

Vadhaaa baba Siddhaha bi iaee ge Licchai Kabeii42, die bi iee ge ie Naa43 ea Naa Kabeii44 eiidi eKahia (PeeAkee) Kaa e.

Riae edidiie ge; Vadhaaa, daha aa ahideke aaaikeie baa e k dikkai ii, aeie hi da eei, haaae e baba ede, dada feaga eeee ei eii. Od eee ei e ceik ebebi .45

Jaiee ge Vadhaaa, M.. 599 da, gde Paa aak biie Biha 27 i keide idi Baah aak biie Vaiai ehii akda Kdagaa Kde, Siddhaa e Tiaa ikici ekek c aakd.46 Bi dii heik/ha a ie bi kac ai aaaid he iki aee de jdeeii. Tk Bdda e Zed dda d gibi Vadhaaa d gecei bk bi adk .47Ba bii adaa heaaaaa ge ie, d, beki de ei a ai M.. 549 da k b.48

Vadhaaa, bi e gibi aa e e eiii a. Aiei, 23.Tihakaa (ieade: Nehide gei baa, baka bi deie Y aca,K habeciei) e Pife (Ke aa) Paa dkiii akiedid. B de Vadhaaa, Paa di kaaa ge eiiiii.49

39Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/128129.40Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/129; Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 74.41Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/129.42Chae S. Bade, Mahaia addei, . 463.43Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 62; A. Hii e Bdda, a.g.e., 121.44S. Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/846.45Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/129.46Heh Gaea, Mahaia, Vadhaaa Jaia, Eccedia Biaica (IXXIII),

Edi: Wae E. Peece, Aeika, 1965, XIV/630;Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/128; S.

Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/846; E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 240, Mahaia addei; GeffePaide, a.g.e., . 242; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 62; MeheAd, Aikedik Die S, . 347, Jaii addei; A. Hii e Bdda, a.g.e., . 121.

47 Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih fChiiai, II/8586.

48Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/128.49Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 74; Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/129; A. Hii

e Bdda, a.g.e., . 121.


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Sheabaaaa ge Vadhaaa, Pee Yahda ie eei e da Aja iii bi k c .50 Vadhaaa daad Jaai,

Jaiideki ik bei aak g.51 Digabaaa ie

Vadhaaa bei dei baa ad eeek bekd iddia eiedi.52Vadhaaa, 30 ada ike, ae e baba kabei, abii

Nadiadhaa iii aaak, ahi d b a e k da,eii, ka e c ek edeek Jia Paa geeeie ge dieciika k ka bi hd haa aaaa kaa ei, dada feaa edeek,ahiik ebiei gii e ahiik iaei aak, ada be ee ka.B a geeike Jaii aiede, Ta da Vadhaaa adakaekaaak, eide aa kab edeke ai ediii. Vadhaaagegici e ka bi hd haa (aaa) aad, iecek ii diedi. D akM Yaa dei hai Gaj Vadiii d bgeide bi ededieie eaha ei. Digabaaaa ge Vadhaaa deha ebieeii

ka e ak aak daaa baa. Habki Sheabaaa bfeaga ada adece a a da iaa. Bei aaafak dceei aa kaa ebe . B d, ka haaaak eie igiidi. Vadhaaa, Paa eieii eiei e

aaa. Vadhaaa daa baka ka akada eideki ebieeii ka aae ak aak daa, Paa aafdaikae edie geeeke aa bi eiiki ki, b d daha a akiiei aafda ek aak a e Jaiii iki aa ehebide bii aDigabaaa bi iaei haie geii.53

Vadhaaa a kabe egeieide a akak ,a iiiee, a aa, ef aa egeeee, da ekeie eiee kediii eii. Jaiii he iki ehebi de Vadhaaa,

aaa akaa ka iee b bakada, kediie aka eieebi ei aaka, aa eeke, dcedeki, deki e aedeki iffeiik

e a a kad e ak edieke akd hda gbiii iidedi. Kaca Vadhaaa, Jai ahibii be ee ad aki ei

i. Bada baka Vadhaaa, abia, haa e ia hada k e

50Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/129; Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 242; Micea Eiade, AHi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih f Chiiai, II/86;Heh Gaea, Mahaia, Vadhaaa Jaia addei, XIV/630; Micea EiadeIaP. Cia, a.g.e., . 74; E R Pike, a.g.e., . 240, Mahaia addei; Jea Vaee, a.g.., .316; Mehe Ad, Die Taihie Gii, . 78; A. Hii e Bdda, a.g.e., . 121.

51Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/129; Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 74.52

Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/129; Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/467.53Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/129; Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 242; Micea Eiade, AHi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih f Chiiai, II/86;Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 74; Heh Gaea, Mahaia, VadhaaaJaia addei, XIV/630; Jea Vaee, a.g.., . 316; Ga TeAbdaha Kk,a.g.e., . 107; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 62; Eke Sak,a.g.e., . 189; Mehe Ad, Die Taihie Gii, . 78; Mehe Ad, Aikedik Die S, . 347, Jaii addei; A. Hii e Bdda, a.g.e., . 121122.


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Jainizm

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bi ka kaa e Kaa kieeii eek ii Jiacaiaa gekedi kedie gae af edeek k e e k a a ieeieaik bi be ga ga. B da iki a a e be

g dieciik aaak haca.54

Vadhaaa, Saaa ak e f edicee kada, b dei efekk e hd haaa dea eii. Sda bi a aka, JibhikagaaKaaba dda Rjaika Nehi kda Saaga iii bi a aaiidebi Saa Aac ada dei bi edia haide aa aak iiediie, aae e b aak ak, egeeei , ce e ih bi bigie ei a bigeie (KeaaJaaa=kee Ga) a.55 Bifade, Keaa, Bdideki Aaa ekab eiii gei. JaiideKeaa ia abia bakada k d kab ede bigeeek ie b baka (ba, a .) ga edaa geidii kie ekei de a beiee, bi die geeek kd.56

Ka aa, Vadhaaa bigeie aka a, aa, iaa

e eaa da b da, eede gedikeii, ie haaa,iaa ea aa dka ea cehee aka aak ddka,a b fikieii, akada geeei, iecekeii, ieii, aa,dada aaa b aka heii ak e gii fiieii gd ebidiii iddia ede.57Mahaia, dadaki b aaa aka e ddkeii, e kka, a haeke eikeii e b haeii g ebiii. O, geeke da; gei, idi e geecekeki ikae edeeii,haa ihi, cehee, haa e ia b bigiii kaa.58

Adaa d ie igii Sheabaaa aada fakka ad.Mahaia bi Keai edii e aae hehagi bi kiee akbedeii kaa kaad ekide bi ia ad. Digabaaa,Mahaia adaa a ak, a .. gibi b ia kada

kda iaakada.59Jaiii ai he ei bie aifei ie Mahaia, bi

kiei Saaa aka ge gede ea Kaada kediii ka

54Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/129; Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 242; Micea Eiade, AHi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih f Chiiai, II/86;Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 74; Heh Gaea, Mahaia, VadhaaaJaia addei, XIV/630.

55Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/129; Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 242; Micea Eiade, AHi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih f Chiiai, II/86;Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 74; Heh Gaea, Mahaia, VadhaaaJaia addei, XIV/630; Jea Vaee, a.g.., . 316; Ga TeAbdaha Kk,a.g.e., . 107; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 62; Eke Sak,a.g.e., . 189; Mehe Ad, Die Taihie Gii, . 78; Mehe Ad, Aikedik Die S, . 347, Jaii addei; A. Hii e Bdda, a.g.e., . 121122.

56Micea EiadeJa P. Caia, a.g.e., . 74.57Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 242; E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 240, Mahaia addei.58Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/129; E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 240, Mahaia addei.59Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/129.


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d.60 Mahaia, bigeie aka a, bk bi dieici kieie ad geei aa eii. O, aaa Sakie e aha Magadhi eheia Pakie a. Mahaia haa gei kaa 30 , Paa eeide

Magadha, Videha, Aga, Vaiai, Caai e Rajagahada dkiii aeekegeiii. Eafda eii kaada iaa a ki, ba bk bi Paa eki bi ehebi (Nigaha)e e a heea keie, ahibe, ahibee, ekek e kad aikede d. Mahaiab Jai baa bi ekide gaie eii.61Mahaiaa b gaieiide geedii d bi aaaaa (Dii ka eiei)ad eii. k baka Idabhi Gaaad ki, O, Mahaia eieiihafaa eii. Mahaia ik ideide bi diei Gaa idi. O,Mahaiaa ka gedi e Ajiika Mehebii idei d.62

Mahaia iki idii iiei ad: 1. dabhi Gaaa,2.Agibhi, 3. Vabhi, 4. Aa Vaka, 5. Aa Sdhaa,6.Madia, 7. Maaa, 8. Akaia, 9. Achaabha, 10. Meaa,

11.Pabhaa63

, 12. Gaa64

.Sda Mahaia, bg Paa aak biie Biha akdaki Paa

Kaabada M.. 527 da M Yaa deii da 72 ada; Jaii geeee ge ie Niaaa gii a. B , Via Saaaak biie dei e Jaii akiii baagc . Habki Jacbi eSchbig gibi ba bii adaa65, Mahaia aihii, M.. 477e ehaa baa M.. 468e kada ea daha da ieie gekedie.66

Mahaia ei a Paa, aak ieii ad iddia ediea ge aakaa Jaiei hac ekeeide bii .67de a Mahaiaa 24. Tihakaa (gei aa, eka edi da debei eide gei ba e gee) aak ai ediii.68

60Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 242.61Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/129; Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F

Gaaa Bddha he Tih f Chiiai, II/86; Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 242; MiceaEiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 74; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 107;Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 62; A. Hii e Bdda, a.g.e., . 122.

62Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/129; Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 74; MeheAd, Die Taihie Gii, . 78.

63Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/462; A. Hii e Bdda, a.g.e., . 122.64Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/129.65 Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih f

Chiiai, II/86.66Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/129; Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F

Gaaa Bddha he Tih f Chiiai, II/86; E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 240, Mahaia

addei; Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 242; Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/467; S. Kiha Sakea,Jaii addei, XII/846; Eke Sak, a.g.e., . 189; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e.,. 107108; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 6263; Mehe Ad, Aikedik Die S, . 347, Jaii addei.

67E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 240, Mahaia addei; S. Kiha Sakea, Jaii addei, XII/846;Mehe Ad, Aikedik Die S, . 347, Jaii addei.

68 Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 107; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMiKa, a.g.e., . 62.


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Mahaia Tihakaa aak eb Aad. O, bae, kediiihafaa ede iki aa biike ai ediii. Mahaia haa e dikaieii ee aa k k Jaii ieade die geiiii e ba

Sheabaa geeekeide ei bi ee ahii. Mahaia haa beaaa ai : aa ahie d, d, ahidii, adaa e Niaaa giii (), Jaiie aafda kaa ka ge aadad.69

He e kada Mahaia, Bdda ada e a aaada a bgeee ck eiee de, Bdda, Mahaia ie aa kaaa. Bddaie k g e ik akibie kaaaka akd biei. Mahaia,Bdda akiei iide, gde bie h aaaka a di bi ceaaigaieide baa ek kiidi. B iki dii idei kaieei e heeei aada ba ac beeike g: He ikii de Aikaakei kaa ai Kahia (PeeAkee) Kaa eii e he ikii deeke de Uaiadada daia ge AiBahaik eii geeke

die. He ikii de ada ce Ta a ika eikei e Vedaa ahiieiii eddedi, kba eaieii gaddak e fadaka iha eikeiii, Bahaa aafda heeik (ak) aak deeediiiedi. Die

aafa Mahaia e Bdda aae fak abia e iaca ahii e e adkiei de bibieie aa ieikedi.

Jaii, Bdide fak aak, Mahaia aaaa baaa;k Mahaia, Tiha kaaa aba eiii cd.Tihakaaa iki a, ik dii ideee ad Rabha ea Adiaa cebi e aak a bi ahid aak Kaiaa Dada Niaaa aadace iaca ce aad ie edii. Die iibi Tihakaaie kabiide a bigafiei a ea k ad; acak adeceMahaia haa bi ek aak ceiii. Oa hei e kkeidi,

dada feaga eie e bie dii ceaa kad.70Tk he ei aa (g) e baad (Seki Ka

Y) fei iide eei a Bdda eiii gibi, Mahaia eiiide aaaaa (d ia), aaaa (d bigi) eaaaa (d daa) i aak fe edie aa (cehe) ekide eeii.71

DDDD. BYK BLNME VE JANST MEZHEPLERN ORTAYA. BYK BLNME VE JANST MEZHEPLERN ORTAYA. BYK BLNME VE JANST MEZHEPLERN ORTAYA. BYK BLNME VE JANST MEZHEPLERN ORTAYAIKIIIKIIIKIIIKII

Jaii aa feef aaa ebebie beii.72k Jaiidedi e feef ge kada bk akaa ek aaa. Acak

69Cee Caia, Mahaia addei, IX/128; Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/466.70 Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih f

Chiiai, II/85.71 Cee Caia, Jaii addei; VII/509; Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 74; Jea

Vaee, a.g.., . 316; Mehe Ad, Die Taihie Gii, . 78.72S. Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/846.


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Mahaia eiei deiik bgeee aca, deiik gada eiekaaca dce e aaa fakka aa k. Jaii, dafaa bi e biik e beabeik iide aa.73

M.. IV. aa d Paada Paaiada aaPaaia Kii, Jai iki ehebe ad bk bi beeahid . M.. III. e ei ahieeide bii a e

Jaiii dkieii ei edieide bk kak a e haa bik eeaa, Jaii ceaai beie aa kie akk ede e heeeb kii edeeide bii de a XI. caa Bhadabah (. M.. 270 ea262)74, iee ge kede aa kacak a e iki ecek bi kkdeii geeceii cede geek, Jaii ceaai bi b aaaaak ge bgeideki Me eaeideki, Mahaia k bk bi hekeii de bd, ShaaaBegaa g edeek, Jaii geeei deaeiek iei e geide, ak ecbeeii daha ii geiiek aaca

Bihada Magadhada kaa keiei idaeii e bak eciiShabhaaa bak. Oiki da Bihaa de Bhadabah ebeabeide aa, badaki keiei, ada Mahaia aafda eediia ahidik a ek ei e haa dga k ee (aaa)da aak ii, haa dga da iee b baa eddee eibii iha edeek, kab ediei ika bi e a; bea ebiee giiaak bad.75

e M.. III. da keiei e ahiei giieei hda baaa gegiik, bika ei , ba di ieei deaa eideki aaaka e dkie fakkaa daha da ke giii. Nihae M.S. 79 da kaa bi he gee bk be geekeii. Keie ea akiiei, Daaaa e Saaaa aak iki ehebe a

.76Mhafaaka geeei aafaa a Digabaaa, bi Jaii keii ba

ac bi d a, Mahaia aafda ikae edie e dada a aakfeaga eei bi eb a akk ad dea eiiedi.Digabaaa kee bi keii ea Tihakaa he ede kedii

aae ada, hibi iecee e haa giecee bie ihiac ada

73Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 63.74 Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih f

Chiiai, II/227.75Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 243; Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa

Bddha he Tih f Chiiai, II/227; A. Hii e Bdda, a.g.e., . 125.76 Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih fChiiai, II/227; Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 243; S. Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/846; HeaJacbi, a.g.d., VII/465; E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 204, Jaii addei; Micea EiadeIa P.Cia, a.g.e., . 7475; Feicie Chaae, a.g.e., . 64; Eke Sak, a.g.e., . 189; MeheAd, Die Taihie Gii, . 7879; Mehe Ad, Aikedik Die S, . 347348,Jaii addei; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 63; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 109.


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iaa. Digabaa kei e ahiei ak aak geee, aik hak da a gibiak gee; faka Maa Hidiaa gieide a Maaaa agai bi ebie giei ai e ada ae ahaeii eeii

kab eiiedi. Digabaaa, aae akk kaa aaa, ka eiebieeii k aaca ee. Kada hakkda efidceee ahiie. Kada ii e k kaa da ekada aa ka eieeecekeie iaa. B de Digabaaehebide ahibeee aaa.77 B baa iae aak, Digabaaa,Mahaia haaa igii ba ha: eea, Mahaia ei d deki iac eddeiedi.78

Libea geeei aafaa a Sheabaaa ie, b b hadaDigabaaada fak dekedie. Sheabaaa, Digabaaa ieie d bei bi ak kab eee. Sheabaaa,23.Tihakaa Paa eie, ebie giie gaa, Uaaaaa

ka eii XXIII. B dei geeek, iee bakd iddia edeek,akk ad aae kiii kedi ieie ba d iei eek, bea bi ebie giiedi. B giie eki ehebi ii . 79

Bhadabah aafda idae edie Digabaaa, Sheabaaaed dka akada e Shabhada aafda deee kaad kab eei eddeie. O aada bei he iki ehe,Hidia fak bgeeide faaieeii dea eieek bibieide akaad. Digabaaa, h b ebieeide a bi ekide aiedie Tihakaa ei e hekeeie ahii e k e kaaa iaeeekedie. Faka Digabaa keieii dei b e aik hak, aa h diiiede ieee kadei a aie eiei aafda e

iiedi. Die aafa Sheabaaa h bk e dei bi keie

a ahii. Sheabaaa k faa bi ekide iek e ceheeeei Tihakaa aa abedeide aakada.80

He iki ehe aada dki bakda bk fakka k. Paikede ie k bk fakka aaka biike ba kk fakka

77 Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 243; E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 204, Jaii adde; S. KihaSakea, a.g.d., XII/846; Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih f Chiiai, II/227; Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/465; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 63; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 109; Meh

e Ad, Aikedik Die S, . 347348, Jaii addei.78 Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih fChiiai, II/227.

79 Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 243; E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 204, Jaii addei; S. KihaSakea, a.g.d., XII/846; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 63; GaTeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 109; Mehe Ad, Aikedik Die S, . 348,Jaii addei.

80Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 243.


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kd. He iki ehe de ga ga; Jia, Tihakaa e keekei e aiei a kab edee. Ahia eibie aa.81

He iki ehe de Saaa akda ka hedefeiedi.

Digabaaaa ge b geekeei; he ei ek edeek e ak aakaaak; ai he addee a ihiac k eeki. Sadece adakaaa,ceki aaa bca biiki a Kaa biiie kada geeki aaa ii aaak. Sheabaaa ie, ahiei e ahibeei ebie gieeii, bi baa e bi adaka kaeie ahi aa ieii.82

c bi ehe a Shaakaaie (Kid akiei),Sheabaaa k aba bi ekide iek e ceheee ei dkaTihakaaa a bd Jaii abedeideki ibade gaaa, Mahaia eieie eiii ii he abed ibadeii he deTihakaa hekeeie aa da dahi d ai ac bekieii e eek aaca Sheabaaa aada M.S. 1473 da

Ahadabadda aa k, bi ehei. aa aaa ka ada da ekiee Shaakaaie, bi ibade ica edee.83

Jaii ceaai biii bakda b bee aa ie de,Mahaia eieide hehagi bi ei aa edaa geieii.Fak eheee ei aa da, b Jaie, dieii kaakeie ede

ee dki a; aaaaa: akiei ada dai ia; aaaa:ae eeiii e aa:iddeiik eieie he aa adk kaad. Ba ikedidikei a ie; geekii abia, eaei ebeeii ek aaakad.84

E. JANZMN KUTSAL KTAP KLLYATIE. JANZMN KUTSAL KTAP KLLYATIE. JANZMN KUTSAL KTAP KLLYATIE. JANZMN KUTSAL KTAP KLLYATI

Sheabaaaa ge, Mahaia eki e eieide a kakia kia, aak hafaa ediid. S aak akaa gee kaeiei aak e aa geiek akada Paada Paaiada biki a.85O ada Nea da a Bhadabaha dee ekiiei, adece ebe aak bidii ba eki eiei akaa ii geiegdedie. Faka b geie, eieei ii dieedikei ii, ijia dkii iee b eiei acak bkk akada abidie. SadeceShabhada, a d eei aeii ebeedi. Mheee bi efa

81Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/465; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 63.82Mehe Ad, Die Taihie Gii, . 7879.83Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 243; E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 204, Jaii addei; Hea Jacbi,

a.g.d., VII/466.84Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 243.85 Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih f

Chiiai, II/227; S. Kiha, Sakea, a.g.d., XII/846; Eke Sak, a.g.e., . 188.


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Jainizm

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e a b a, daha aa, iki ka kia aadaki fakka dkaaacak.86

Paaiada aa b ki ie Jaiii ka eieii bi k

ei edieide baa ie de, Mahaia ekieii eeieii e aak iae ediei c, ka eieibk bi k dda, kabdda e a akadda aaak ei edieeii.87

Mahaiada akak bi a M.S. V. ikici ada Jaiiika kia kiaa ekii eek ii, Sheabaaa aafdaVaabhide ikici bi ki a.88 B kide ka eie, Aaa(Geeek) e Saa (Dki) ad ada, a b e kkbe ee aak

ei ediii.89B kiaa Gaaa die de adadakad.90

Digabaaa, ka kia kia , akak M.S. 789 daHid Vedai i e fif ShakaaChaa aafda ahi edieek k

edidiii iei eek, Sheabaaa b kia kia kia A (gaiahih) kab eie91 e kabd iei dkei ka kiaa eie,bk dii deeide a d kiiik bi ada gb aafda edaa geiie iki iea, ka kia aak kab eiedi.92B iki ee; edeeik c aa ka ee eie bede a Kaaaaie ka eie bede a Kaaaaad.93 Digabaaaieaik kiaa haide ai edii bi die ei eei Paaaaadki e eki bi ee aak aihi, M.S. I. a kada gide.94

Digabaaa kaik eieii dii Magadha eaeii kak biehei a ijia AaMaa diidi. Faka ka eie Sakiedeba Aaaa ea JaPa aak iiediie die eide a

.

95

86 Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih fChiiai, II/227.

87Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 6364; Ga TeAbdahaKk, a.g.e., . 109; Eke Sak, a.g.e., . 188.

88 Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih fChiiai, II/227; Eke Sak, a.g.e., . 188; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMiKa, a.g.e., . 64; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 109.

89Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/508; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., .64; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 109; Mehe Ad, Die Taihie Gii, . 78.

90Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 109.91E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 205, Jaii addei; S. Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/846; Abdaha

KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 64; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 109.92 Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 64; Ga TeAbdaha

Kk, a.g.e., . 109; Eke Sak, a.g.e., . 108.93 Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 64; Ga TeAbdaha

Kk, a.g.e., . 109.94Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 73.95S. Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/846; Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/508.


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Galip Atasaun

SFD/ 21

Digabaaa, ka eieii kabd ea k edidiiiddiaaa kak, Sheabaaa, ba kiaa Ge Hidiada Jaiiceaai kaagah a e a aada b Jaii hekeede d gibi

aae ak aak ai edii a Digabaaa ei bi aii aLd Gaehaa aa bi hekeii bd e Jaiii ikiciei hac ei a Medeki SaaaBegaa e Neae afe edieekhafaa edidikeie iaa.96

k aaada b aa Jaiie, fak iea faaieeie eg ad. Oa aaa, fak gee ahi fak ga aafda kedieiei ii edaa geiii a da geeike; ee, hediik(bakaa kedi dieie eke) ea aa aad. Dieiciee eaaa g aak deiiii die ka.

Eki eiei hei, Oa HidAa diide fak a Pakieedaa geiiii. k aaa ad dii, a ea k, g Ke

Hidiadaki iaa aada ag aak kaa diee beeii ad.Daha a Jaiei, Kede eki Gjaaide e Ge Daidiada Kaadae Taide d gibi, ee aa dieie ddkei g. Babiike, Oaada a aada b i aaa ad di a Sakie (Eki HidAa Dii)i de ka kab ediii.97

Sheabaaa kaik (ahih) kiaa hei, Mahaia biakedi eeei deidi. Faka a ba, Mahaia aafda eciiIdabhi Gaaaa ifah aak ediii Gaadhaa Sdhaa, ecii

Jabaie aa.98

Mec kaik eee hakkda deaaa giede ce, eieei geeki. Jaiiee ge, ka kiaa, ik Tihakaa aada

bei a a 14 Pae 11 Aad. 14 Pa, Daa ad ada dieSaaa biike 14 Pa e 5 Pakaaaa b a 12. Aga aakdeedii aakad.99 14 Pa bigii, Mahaiada a VIII. caaShabhadaa kada aaaak dea eii. caa Vajaa kada gee edicaa adece 10 Pa biid, aki deede Paa kaaaa, aa kab. Jaii Dkii M.S. 980 da aa geiidiiaaa kada, b Paa kab, daa 12. Aga da kab.Sheabaaa geeeie ge Paa be kab ediii. Digabaaada Paa kab hda bee gee ahii, ba biikefakk daha k deaadad. Faka Digabaaa, Paa dk eidefaa bi aa a kabdka iddia edee.

96E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 205, Jaii addei; S. Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/846.97Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/508.98Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/467.99 Hea Jacbi, a.g.d.; VII/467; E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 205, Jaii addei; S. Kiha

Sakea, a.g.d., XII/846.


17/31

Jainizm

SFD / 21

Sheabaa ka kia kia; Aaa (Geeek) e Saa(Dki) aak iiediie; Aaa (kadaa), Uaaa (a kadaa ea aa), Paaa (deeee), Caaa (eike daha

k diii ekikeie igii aaa), Caaa(iaee, iki hak deiei) e Maaa (ee eie) aak biie a bdeki kkbeeei (Shaakaaiee ge iki eei) iei.100

Sheabaaa ka kia kia a eiei ieii ekide aaabiii:

1.B a 11 Aga:1.B a 11 Aga:1.B a 11 Aga:1.B a 11 Aga: 1. Achaa, 2. Saka, 3. Shaa,4.Saaaa, 5. Bhagaai, 6. Jaadhaakah, 7. Uaakadaa,8.Aakddaa, 9. Aaaaaikadaa, 10. Paaakaaa, 11. Viaka.

2.B a 12 Uaga:2.B a 12 Uaga:2.B a 12 Uaga:2.B a 12 Uaga: 1. Aaaika, 2. Rajaaia,3.Jiabhigaa, 4. Pajaaa, 5. Jabdiaajai, 6. Chadaajai,7.Saajai, 8. Niaaai (ea kaika), 9. Kaaaaika, 10. Pika,

11.Pachika, 12. Vidaa.3.B a 10 Paia (Pakia):3.B a 10 Paia (Pakia):3.B a 10 Paia (Pakia):3.B a 10 Paia (Pakia): 1. Chahaaa, 2. Saaa,

3.Aaaakhaa, 4. Bhakaaijia, 5. Tadaaiai, 6. Chadaija,7.Deedaaa, 8. Gaiija, 9. Mahaaakhaa, 10. Viaaa.

4.B a 6 Chedaa:4.B a 6 Chedaa:4.B a 6 Chedaa:4.B a 6 Chedaa: 1. Niiha, 2. Mahaiiha, 3.Vaahaa,4. Daaakadha, 5. Bhakaa, 6. Pachakaa.

5.B a 2 Sa:5.B a 2 Sa:5.B a 2 Sa:5.B a 2 Sa: 1. Nadi, 2. Ajagadaa.

6.B a 4 Maa:6.B a 4 Maa:6.B a 4 Maa:6.B a 4 Maa: 1. Uaadhaaa, 2. Aaaka,3.Daaaikaika, 4. Pidaiki.101

Sieaik aak b ai, kiaada aae fak k gaakeii, ijia, eki e ei eiei deeei aak kaa k. E

eki be, fak d (Gaja ai) eikei ie kaakeie edie Pakiea. Oa bede ba ehei hakidi. Bda baka kaikeiei ka e geeeke , ce Pakie e daha a M.S.VIII. ada Haibhada aafda kaaa baaa Sakiea a kaik ehe ie hafaa ediii.102

Kaik kiaa , ki baa efieie biike Hidiada ba. Aaaa, Saaa, Uaaaaa, Aaaa,Aaaaaaaa, Uaaaaa e iki Kaaa giice eiieiba.

Ka kia kia ei bak, Niaada 980 ee a daha ce aa kiaadaki deie dikka ediekii Daa ad ada

a. Ka eie, deeeei ie baka aa aadaki aa diii iide e haa daha aa, bei eeii deiiiei,

100Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/508.101Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/467.102Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/508.


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ei bi ak iaee .b. bik deiikie a kadka ieii aakad. B deiikike eice eiei ke edidii dii de edici aakdeiii geekedi. Jaiee ge ka eiei ijia dii Aa

Maa idi. Jaie, ka kiaa diii b iie ea Maaaak iiediiedi. Ka kia kia dii baie JaPa aak e akiaaa dii ie JaMaaa aak adad.

Ka kia aaa, geek ijiei geek aaa geeke eikeibakda fakk a eekedi. B aaada baa ei ai daekide, baa ii ekide, baa ie he ei he de ii ekidedi. Neiekide a eki aaa; geeike k a bigie ieeke beabea ekaaa da e eii. Faka baa ie ka dkiei a afaaa aifei, eii dgaik beei ieaik ifadeeii ieekedi. Akaa e efiei bk bi b daha k eki e eieiei eafda a.103

Jaiii ka kia kia, iide ahiei a geeke kaideei,Jaiii eieii e efaeeii, Jaiiei da aihii, kaia aaa, feefeeii, ahk e ibadeeii, ai eii, bigi eieii, keiei aaa (Hagigahie) e deiik ka e ad eeedi.104

Jaiie, iaa ieaik ifadeeii iee Pakie e Sakieaki eeee de ahii. B aaa e ekieide e e eieide bi aei Uaai aafda aa e heee bi Sheabaa eeia Taaaaa Sa (Peiei aa a)d. B eeDigabaaa aafda da ebe aak kab ediii.105 B ee, 350Dab Meei dkia bi eeide a Sakie bi eedi.106

Die ba ei eee ie ad: Vaakea a d

Maaa (Tee Daa, ahie 1.250 ka); k eke e iiihaa bi aa a Kdakda Saaaaa (Dkii ) ePaaaaaa(eii ) iii eeei ie Siaa 2.000de faa kaiee Aaaa (Baa) iii eeidi. B igiik eee, Jaiiei, diedce ka e Bahaaa, Bahaik eiji e hiabe keieeihda a dka eii geekedi.107

Jaiii, kk bi aikedik eei a Laaaa, Tejaaa Viaa ijaa aafda 1652 da edaa geiiii.108

103Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/467.104Eke Sak, a.g.e., . 188189, Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., .

64; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 109; Mehe Ad, Aikedik Die S,. 348, Jaii addei, . 348.

105Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/467; Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/508.106Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/508.107Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/508.108Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/467; S. Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/846; E. R Pike,a.g.e., . 205,

Jaii addei.


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Jainizm

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Kaik keki e kaik cei aa, k k Aa (Akaa)aak iiediie bik ei ekiee deekeii. M.S. XV. Y ikada, diaek e ak, iika e di ka, gae, biie bjee,

Uiea Taihe ada dea iik iie, Daaaaa (Jai kaeie hikaee), Kaaaaa (Dkia eiei aaa ka hikaee),aa ii e ihie gibi k gei ka iee a iea edaageiiii. B kada k ka kia kiaa aa ae Jai ieaaaa aa a eeii.109

F. JANZMDE TANRI NANCIF. JANZMDE TANRI NANCIF. JANZMDE TANRI NANCIF. JANZMDE TANRI NANCIJaii, a aa ai aei bi di aak geii .110Jaii, aa

die bi ei ad, da e haa e bi baagc e de bi d111, kik deeei kedi kedieie ekaadka eha a da a ebebie112 bi eei ka aede bi

aa dceii kab ediee bi e d iei eek, aac bia a ika ede.113Ba aaacaa ge b aac a aak, aa ad, h ebediiii e k k dika aada deidi.114 Taa, ak aadei kei deeceii beiee.Faka Taa, ai bk de deidie.115 Jaiie, aka aifideTaa da bi f aak aaka biike, k iaa gibi a da Saaaaka bi dkaa iaa.116Jaiii aei bi di g egieei,Bdide Bdda a gibi, Mahaia da Ta kda ei kaada, kei e e bi a kaada kaaka abii. HididekiTa aaa, Bahaa Ta; iaa aafda aa eie, ada ia a, adaabie, ihie eki aa aabie, aaf e dkkei

109Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/508.110Feicie Chaae, a.g.e., . 64; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 664;

Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 108; Eke Sak, a.g.e., . 158; Oa Ciac,Die e aa, Daa Mabaack, Ka, 1990, . 176; Oa Ciac, G Da Diei,. 176; Mehe Taaac, a.g.e., . 158, Kha Kaa, Hiiede Ta, Kaak Yaa, ab, 1998, . 76.

111Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih fChiiai, II/87; Ahe G, a.g.e., . 98.

112Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih fChiiai, II/87.

113 Feicie Chaae, a.g.e., . 63; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 64;Ahe G, a.g.e., . 98; Baki AdaMehe Kaa, a.g.e., .27; Mehe Taaac, a.g.e., .158; Kha Kaa, a.g.e., . 76.

114

Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih fChiiai, II/87; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 63; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 108.

115Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tih fChiiai, II/87; Eke Sak, a.g.e., . 190.

116 Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 66; Ga TeAbdahaKk, a.g.e., 111; Ahe G, a.g.e., . 98; A. Hii e Bdda, a.g.e., . 126; Eke Sak,a.g.e., . 192.


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babie bi ak aak aaaaa ka, Mahaia a, akda eiie g ad. Hagi ebee a , Mahaia;Ta fiki eide da a bie, ba Jaii eheede Ta iac

ad aaakad. Jaii aakada Ta hekeeie e eiei eJaiii ei e bk eheeide bii a Sheabaaa,abedede Tihakaaa hekeeie aaaa eki aak, M.S. XV.da b ehebi iide ka Shaakaai Mehebii, kedi eheeii, Jaiii ik baagcda d gibi Ta aak ai aeiik eaeie kdka ei, aakadaki hekeei e eiei eddeeebaa aa, Jaiii iideki die ehe e gada Ta iacad ieiii eekedi.117

Jaiide ikici deecede ei a e, ge, a, geege, ak da e d Taa bakad.118 B aa dda da ie ba Taiieie aaakad. Acak Tihakaaa e ka ediie iaa

ha (a) b Taada daha akad. Rhba f deei aak kab edie aaa, ka ei eiciei a Uaaaae ka kiie e aie aak ge Saa da Tihakaaa eSiddhaaa biike be bk Ta bei (Paa)i akad.119

G. JANZMDE KARMA NANCIG. JANZMDE KARMA NANCIG. JANZMDE KARMA NANCIG. JANZMDE KARMA NANCIJaiideki Kaa iaca geede ce Kaaa k akda igii

a Paa(Madde) eJa(Rh) kaaa akaak geeki.Paa (Madde):Aad eie adaki adde aa, da

da hehagi bi dahae k ak, kedi kaaa ge kediaaada ea die aaa bieeek, ak, , ae e haa haie geebii.He bi adde a; kk, a, dka e ek gibi eikee ahii. Mad

de gee aak iki ka a:1. Kaa Ma:1. Kaa Ma:1. Kaa Ma:1. Kaa Ma: Feee eideki g eeei aa adde

idi.2. a Ma:2. a Ma:2. a Ma:2. a Ma:Uaa (Taa ei) e Saa (Jaii k

ji aaa ge, k b kaa, ak adaaa kaha eki kadka e)daki120 eeei a e ia aak bieiec daa agaaad effaf ieikeki addedi.

117

Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 63; Ga TeAbdahaKk, a.g.e., . 108109.118Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/510; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka,

a.g.e., . 6465.119Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 6465.120Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/468; Cee Caia, Jai addei, VII/510; Ai ha Yiik, Hi

Kkei Diede Kaa ac Teah aca ikii, Rh e Madde Yaa, ab, 1996,. 155; Eke Sak, a.g.e., . 190.


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Jainizm

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Laaaa(Mek)daki he ee, ihai kada b iki addeaa bieiide edaa geii. B ebee Jaii aji aaage Paa, he a addi ebebidi.121

Ja (Rh): Jia, ei a be ee aada bii e akeikeie ahi ek a haebie die d ee da a.Jia aa aca, kedi baa haeke edebie, geiee e be gibidaha ek k eikee ahii. Sahi dka b eike ebebie hibi deke k ada kedi baaa, kedi aaada ea die aa aa bieeek feee dadaki k deiik eeei edaa geiebiie.122

Oijia haei iibaie he bii bigi, hakee gc, k, eeiik, ak ekiiik, ak eiik e di hakikai ak bigiigibi k egi eikee ahi Jia aa, edeki die aa iikiegieei cda ahi dka b a eikei bk iii.B ebee, ak eide a kaakeii hafaa ede k a ada Jia

a ad. Oa bk adde ie bieik hade baaebebie abi kaakeeii kabei, ea ak eie ieeeeikei ak ea faaa ieeee baa. Jia aa hibii k a, acak adde aafda e eei kaad ii fak ediee.123

Jaii dce ieie ge Kaa; ad fii ea be bi fii cda a e faii ka aa aa, ge gee iik g (aa) aaa dei, Jia haekei cda caibeie kaaak, Jiaa fede e a eikeii kiee, d gaaa agaaaa effafaddee b ea ha f edeek ehiee bi ei ehi aaifade ede. Baka bi deie Kaa; Jia haekei e caibei c af edeek, a eikeii aae ea ke e ee e add

bi cehe , die ekei iddia eii gibi, fiii aa aa ka eibi ee deidi.

Bi baka ifadee; Pdgaa aa Jiaa ai ha f eeieKaa d aa ka.Jaie Paaaadaki b bieei eadeiae kaaada daha k da ia.124

Kaa ka; he ka daa kedie ha bi ca ahi de b ka haekei aa ia de aki haaada da aki eiiekideki ia. Bi h, eah c hagi bedede haaie baca,iee ba aak aa faaiee beie. Biei geie a dfaaieei, geecek haa a da eide d ekie. a bgkhaada baa gee aa, daha ceki haada aka d eacead. Kaa ka, b aaaa e Taa aka kaa. Kaa

eiie he ca deiik bedeede eide da. Ahk bakda ii a

121Ai ha Yiik, a.g.e., . 157158.122Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/468; Ai ha Yiik, a.g.e., . 158; Eke Sak, a.g.e., . 190.123Ai ha Yiik, a.g.e., . 158; Eke Sak, a.g.e., . 190.124Ai ha Yiik, a.g.e., . 160161.


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biiei cee aka e ia bedeide edaa geeceki, k ae ieee ie cehee e haa bedeeide biie deceki.

Kaa aa ekide aka: Ak, ka e bede gaa

a eke, haekee geikei aa, ha ieie edaageiie e a kaaa Kaik addei kediie ce ede.125Kaa eki, b cebee ada adea a, a bi

eee a kaaa ea ak bi bei a eei iai, ha akaak eie h dda Kaik addei e akda iikiidi. Rhaf ede addei edaa geii d aeei ahk kaiei Kaa ii ea k a beie. i aee; ii Kaa, k aee iek Kaa edaa geii. He a e he haeke, ei Kaaa eekke ebe , kee Kaa eii eii a. Bece ae baagc e aa h e Kaa cehei aadaki iiki eki aak dea eded.

Kaik addei Jiaa ak dda aaa gee aaa d

geekeei, ia daaa e bk gaei a eaa ie aa, diiii daaa e be haa eke,

aka, beii iecekei eeeke, eii deei aa aaka, eee ekieek efekk eeke, ieie gahada dee aaka, aakgke, ebe iciii edaa geie iek e aa deie, hd haa eke e ediaa beii k eee bad.126

Kaa ei hakkda bigi eede ce Jaiii aa aa eide bia da geekekedi. Jaii dcee ge e kk aadiii aaad. S adaki aaaa bi aa . 16.777.216aika ie, bi ad. Bi ha, bg kad aa eiege 48 dakikaa ekab eekedi. Jaiide bi g (aa) akak 30had. A, g e heaaaa da haa ge aakad.

Jaiii b aa aaa ba aak, deiik Kaaa eei,aki e ii ak ee Jaii dce ieide kei aak

ei ediii. Acak aa biieideki biak beiiike, eeabi aika a aaaa a e bi aaa e kadak bi eeei d biieeei gibi ha g e aacak a, ei edie eei, bei bi aa diiii geeke iade k ifade aacaaf d geceki. B de Kaa eci baa dakikaaa baa dak bi aa diiie ifade ediii.127

Kaa idde e a geice; Kaa iddei, Kaik addei Jiaa f eeie ebe a a g ea af a ba

125Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 245; S. Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/846; Cee Caia, Jaiiaddei, VII/511; Eke Sak, a.g.e., . 191; Ai ha Yiik, a.g.e., . 161.

126Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 245; S. Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/846847; Eke Sak, a.g.e.,. 191; Ai ha Yiik, a.g.e., . 161; Mehe Ad, Aikedik Die S, . 348; Jaiiaddei; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 66; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 110.

127Daha gei bigi ii bk. Ai ha Yiik, a.g.e., . 167169.


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Jainizm

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d. Ahk bakda k Kaaa k dda a g ieKaa iddei aada d bi a ad. Yai iddei aa cda

Jiaa gie Kaik addee, af aa ebe d Kaik addeee

aaa daha ka aada eeeii eekedi. Ba kak, ii Kaaadaie, a e iei iddei ie Kaa iddei aada e a ad; aiddei ie, Kaa iddei aaaka, daa eeeii ee eciaakad.128

Kaa, ahiei iibaie eede eki aa kaegie a. Daha akbi ifade ie eecek ak; eki ei Kaa ad. Gei, b aa Kaaahe bii fak ada a Kaaaa ahii. Bi bada adece eki aa Kaahakkda bigi eecei. A Kaaaa igii gei aa ediek ieeee Ai ha Yiik Bei Hi Kkei Diede Kaa ac Teah aca ikii iii eeii 161 ie 167. afaa aaa acaa eeeii aie edi.

Seki aa Kaa ad:1. Jaaaa1. Jaaaa1. Jaaaa1. JaaaaKaa:Kaa:Kaa:Kaa: Rhdaki bigi eiii e kaa. Die

bi deie: D Bigii geiie e gde giee kaad. B Kaa, h iehakikai aaa gie e bei bi de da gee cehaei beaaf ede.

2. Daaaaaa2. Daaaaaa2. Daaaaaa2. DaaaaaaKaa:Kaa:Kaa:Kaa: Rhda a a ei ea egi kabiieiiegeee e e kaa. Die bi deie: D Ag geiie e gdegiee Kaad.

3. Vaa3. Vaa3. Vaa3. VaaKaa:Kaa:Kaa:Kaa:Ha ea ee aa kaa kaa. Die bi deie: H e Nah dga ada kaad. Bi b Kaaa b haa

ecbeei i ei e acda a b.4. Maa4. Maa4. Maa4. MaaKaa:Kaa:Kaa:Kaa:Hakiki ia e e bece D Daa, e

geee kaa. Die bi deie: Ada e kakk edaa geie kaad.B Kaa, ak gibi, ii ie k bibiide aa ii bie eii aeeeiii bad e eeei.

5. A5. A5. A5. AKaa:Kaa:Kaa:Kaa:Bi a iide bd a baaada ka eii beiee kaa. Die bi deie: Fed haa dea beiee kaad. B Kaa, ca haa eii beie.

6. Naa6. Naa6. Naa6. NaaKaa:Kaa:Kaa:Kaa:Jia aa aadaki fed e fiik fakka aa kaa kaa. Die bi deie: Vcd eki e deii gibi d g eikeii beiee kaad. A aada bi ia a da bi haa eah dabi eei i kaakeii de aa kada beiee kaad.

7. Ga7. Ga7. Ga7. GaKaa:Kaa:Kaa:Kaa:Ca daa geecei aiei e da ahi acakek ea dk a beiee kaa.129 Mee, bakaa kaa ekedii ei, dk bi ae ebe a kaa c d ei.130

128Daha gei bigi ii bk. Ai ha Yiik, a.g.e., . 169170.129Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 245; Ai ha Yiik, a.g.e., . 162166.130Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 246.


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Galip Atasaun

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8. Aaaa8. Aaaa8. Aaaa8. AaaaKaa:Kaa:Kaa:Kaa:Egeeici Kaa. Die bi deie: Jia ii e d faaiee de ba egeee kaad.131

H. JANZMDE TENASH NANCIH. JANZMDE TENASH NANCIH. JANZMDE TENASH NANCIH. JANZMDE TENASH NANCIJaii, eahe ai h ge ia .132B iaca ge; ageekeeie biike bedede aa h, ihai ka ai Naaa bidie deie aa aaad ece, ahi d Kaik biikieba aak edeki bedeeeii dekedi. Yai h, Saaaakda kaadka, Jaii dce ieice kab edie d akaegiide biide eki aak eide daa ahkd. B aahaa aada kaa dAaea Naa*, Taa**, aa eie Uaa (Taa ei) ekide aa. He Kaik biikidekaak eide a hieii kaa a ha (a), bada ikeiii baaaka eie kei e Saaa akda a dek k.Ba kak, Kaik biikie ahi ha ie, ce Naa, Taaea Ua

ada eide bedeeeek ahi dka Kaik biikii ieiie gecea ea kfa geceki; be ha acak bda a ee decek e daha a kaaada eide daa geebiek ii abaaacakad. Rh b eei a ad eie e kek kaa acaakada dea ede.133

Jia, geie a baad biieee haekeie e b cda kedie f ede Kaik adde ebebie he ijia f hede a hieii kabedeek deiik a baaakada heif ekiea e aaa da dea eekedi. Meh Jaig Hea Jacbi, hb haekeii kaaki bi kaba ea aa da beei. Biidii gibi, k b addee b dkada de kaabidikeihade, ieie k ea a ka dda, ka eide daha

deiee haa dibie kada baaa. A ekide abi hi iibaie ke kaaa aabie e baada eki kaabie h, kediieKaik adde f eike a Saaa Oka aak aaabieceiiak eii daha aa afhaada aa da kaa bi edi. Oka eie eide keebiei, acak Kaik ada eieeie k acak.

131Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/469, Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 246; Ai ha Yiik, a.g.e., . 166.132Feicie Chaae, a.g.e., . 63; Ai ha Yiik, a.g.e., . 170; Mehe Taaac, a.g.e., . 158; A.

Hii e Bdda, a.g.e., . 125.*

Aaea Naa:Ka aada, iaa k aeeie kak bi aa e ikece eia iibaa Diideki cehee aaa ekab eiii dd Adhikaedi a kaa bdda edii. Yaa aei kk deeceie ba aak hb kaaada biiide eide bedeeeek cea ekeceie iaakad. Ai ha Yiik,a.g.e., . 171. (Di).

** Taa:Yede iaa ddaki die caca b aka aad ee eieiidi. Ai ha Yiik, a.g.e., . 171. (Di).

133Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/511; Ai ha Yiik, a.g.e., . 171.


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Jainizm

SFD / 21

Jaiie ge, a k ie biike bedede aa heide bedeeei ak bi ad. Yie Jaiie ge, geek fiiei icaaaada geeke a kaka gei afhada fedik ea.

Heke acak kedi fiieide d e adece kedi Kaik biikieiege cea ea kfa geceki. B dda e ada afiiei e de Tak af kaa caa efaai kd.

Die aafa, ie Jaii aaa ge, bi h he a baaadaki haekei, bada aaca eki e ka ei cede beieii. Babiike, h da aka beiieide fada ad ki, h eide bedeee aaaadaki haekei, kedi Kaik biikiii aa a,kedi abi bi eiidi. Daha ak bi deie, haki haekeiik eii, ,Kaa aeide kaad a bi ieik dei, a eikeidedi. Kaa h haekeie igii ie, ediei ebebiedi.

Jia, geekei geekee, hee kedii ii beiee eibede e ee aakad. Kefiei e keiei iibaie fak Kaik bii

kiee ahi a ha, ahi dka a aa ge Saaa akeeeide, a baaaka fak eeie iecek ea kacak.

Jia, a baaaka hibi ada bedei aak a deik deidi. k bie he ei geek ei h kab ediekebiike, geek fiiei ica geeke ba aa kaaca ha e eeei ecbe ediei aaada aka bedee biike aca kab edii

i. Kaca, Jaii iaca ge h, eki eide bd ddee hibiaa bedede aade kaaa.

Jaiie ge h, a baaaka eeide a , ahi d Kaik biikiei; ha ea ee ekide eeii edikea aka ee eide de. Yai h e a e e eedeki haa eki deidi. Daa b b a baaaka, h ei

de a f kaaa ecideki geici eebeedi. Hee heeb ca ei Kaa e Teah eieie ge aa dek

edi. Rh, ahiei geei ahi d Kaik biikiei a da ekihaeke haidedi. B haekeiik, he h a afieii kaaabiei iigeeki, he de eah aa bi geeidi.134

I.I.I.I. JANZMDE AHMSA PRENSBJANZMDE AHMSA PRENSBJANZMDE AHMSA PRENSBJANZMDE AHMSA PRENSBJaii iac ekeide aa (iddeiik, hibi ee aa ee

ek, icieek, deek) eibi e a.Ahia ai iddeiik eibi, aaa hibi caa hehagi bi a

aa eee, iciee e dee ikeidi. Jaiie b eibi k

ciddi bi ekide ee aa e eieii e de gee eibeide biiaad. Haa haa aa b eibe ge deeiedi. Jaiiege ia baca gei; kedi h e eeide ba caa geiii,gaak. B geekeebiei de Ahia eibie aka

134Ai ha Yiik, a.g.e., . 171174.


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kd ki, b ebee Ahia, e bi daa ikei aak beieii.135

Bi Jaii keeik ea geik a da a aa hibi ca

de. Jaiie ge a (idde), eki aa gah e kd.Jaiii eiei, e kk bi bcei bie haa ka da ia.k haa da k daha kee e kek bi ade ba ia haa gibi ee e ebeddi. Jai jiide aaa aka aihaa ahibi a ca aka, ahi dka d gaa aa gefadad. Dka, a aa, kkaa, ge e da ak eebe d ga ad. Jaiie, aaa e ada ba e adece dka da ahi a bikiede, aaa eeie d kka, ahia d gaa a aaa d a aak ai edie bifadaa ahiie ki, ke haaa, k, bak .b. haaa adecedka da dei a aada dcei de ik baaakaa ahi aakg.

Jaiiee ge, ee bide faa d gaa ahi caaa aa eiie b daha da acd. B aa bi c aak a aa ke daha a d gaa ahi ieceke ecih ediii. Haa Jaiie eebie eee. Vejeae aa b ieceke, iaa iki a da daha faad gaa ahi caa dee g ki, b da h aa bi edi.

Ahia eibi b caa ihia ede. Ca a kk a da bk a hibi ei k. T haa ahibi ca aka; baa eekieie ba aak dei, eii h aa ge eii. B dehibi ca ak die bi ca aa aa ee, icie ea dehakka ahi deidi. He ca ak aa hakka ahii e b caaka bibieie kee bi ieiide aaa geekidi.136

Jaiideki Ahia eibi; eee egi e efkai ii f geide

. B eibi iee bi kiii ie ekecek iaada bi fakkaa. iddei he eidi aae aaka. Jaiie ge idde adecefiike deidi; dcede geie idde (aaa), iddei daha ice edaha ehikei bi biiidi e fiike idde (aaa)e ce gei. k

Jaiie dcei eei baba aak ge e b de bi ca akhakkda kk dek bie idde aaa gei.

k kk caa dede a da iciede aaak, aik aakek k geekedi. Ba caa bi efe ake, ieke a daeek eke bie ekedi. B de Jaiie ge haa e dk biieie e a aa eek haa ee hedefi ad. Eede, baa iaaak ee haaa, bceke, bikie, bakeie e e g ikkabie geeecei k kk caa ad. e b ca akaa aa eeek ii Ahia eibeie a deecede bi iiike ak geeki.

135 E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 203, Jaii addei; S. Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/847;Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 65; Mehe Ad, Aikedik Die S, . 348; Jaii addei.

136E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 204, Jaii addei.


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B aa geei, Jaiide keiei aka keef d ba akaa aa k. Meea, Sheabaaa, haa kaadka a kkcaa geeecei ediei ie geceei eek eee. Digabaa

keiei ie gde bi defa eek ee.Geek bi dida kei, bi iiiei ak kka ieke bieeek ie e kke, kaae de a k kk bcekei haaa eeek ii aa bi aaa ee. Yie Digabaa keieii ak geeeii ada aa ebeede bii, giiei aaa giecekkk caaa aa eee ieidi.

Jaii bi keii ahi a geeke geeei, bai ihiaaa bad.Ba Sheabaaaa ge, bi ebie, bi baaie, dieei ii geeki abi adaka kaei, bi aa, ke; he hagi bi haaaa aa eeek ii ecei ka a bi ge e kke k kk bcekeiaa gieii eek ii a e b ecek kada kk bi aad. Digabaa keiei de bee geeee ahii; faka a ebie gie

e e ge eie a k eii kaa.137Yie Ahia eibi iac geei, Jaie, Hidiada adece haa e

aa haaa baka ad kee haaee aaka kaaa, a haaa abi haaada cee kada ihiaa kaadbaak e bak eei (aaaaa) de aad.138

. JANZMN AHLK KURALLARI. JANZMN AHLK KURALLARI. JANZMN AHLK KURALLARI. JANZMN AHLK KURALLARIKaa e Teah iac dda bi c a139 Jaiii ahk

kaa, Mahaiaa iad edie ka eiee daad. Ahk kaa,ahi e ahibee ddaki ada aadaa ii bie dka ad.140

Jaiii ahk kaa, kiii kedi ha Kaik addeei akegeee e ka eieii aaa had. B ii geek ahi eahibee, geeke Saaa (Dieici)a e Uaaa (Hiei)a aak iiediie aik kad e ekek Jaiie aafda eie geiiei geeke feagakaa ad ki, ba aa (ei)a aak aka.141

Rahi, ahibe e keie aafda aa eie; aaaa(bkei)a, aik kad e ekeke aafda aa eie ie aaa (kkei)a aak iiediiii.142 Laik kad e ekeke aafda aa

137Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/472; E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 204; Jaii addei; Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 75; Mehe Ad, Die Taihie Gii . 79.

138Hea Jacbi, a.g.d., VII/473; E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 204, Jaii addei; S. KihaSakea, a.g.d., XII/847.

139S. Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/847.140 Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 64; Ga TeAbdaha

Kk, a.g.e., . 110.141Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/509; E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 204, Jaii addei.142Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 75; Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/511; Mehe

Ad, Die Taihie Gii, . 79.


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eiei aaaa aak iiediiei; ahi, ahibe e keie aafdaaa aaaaada k daha a ebebiedi.143

Jai ahk eeeii a b iki ei eidi, hbaa e ai e

eieii hi geieeii kaaa ha aak aaa edidikeideJaii eie aafda i iike gaaa aakad.Rhbaa aaa kaaaa aa. B geekeei ii a

ki eikei h ; aada bie bie aa ahk daa aikei aa aaa geekeecek a Kaik addeei ak keieii aaa aak aa.

B ahk daa aikei ad:1. D:1. D:1. D:1. D:Zih, ifah e bede akiieei deeiii aaak2. B a Da:2. B a Da:2. B a Da:2. B a Da:Yke, i aake, kke, dieike e

ag fkia ica edeke, aaa akaa aa eeek ii be kadikkai ak

3. Daa3. Daa3. Daa3. DaaaaaaaaaaO a D:O a D:O a D:O a D: Sabk, aak gk/ea,

dk, afk/ak, dk/dk, iadeiik, ahidik, feaga, gkk e ha iaa.

4. A4. A4. A4. AaaaaO T:O T:O T:O T: Neeei eki aa, iaaciii, eah ebebi, b deedeki he bi a diee a,bede e h aadaki ee fakka, bedei kiiii, kaik adde aka, bei bi ak ddabiei aaa, kaik addei defeeiai kaik addede ka a, bi a ad ak hekiii kedi kda d geei, adaa adiii ehakika ai Jaie aafda akdi edie eike Ahia gibi eiei geekii eide efekk eek.

5. Y T:5. Y T:5. Y T:5. Y T:Dii haa abiada aa aka ahcbiee

kada aaa ecbe.B ahk daa aikeii eie geie kei, da gei d kaak e aad hd haa aaa Kaa kaa beaafedeek ka eeceki.144

Bi Jai aie eiii ha d faieei iei Jaii geeek e ieade k dikkai bi ekide beiiii. Ba iee, hba aa aikeiak da d be ahk ka iei.

Jaiei ahk kaa eeeide eie geidikei be ei ad:

1. Aa1. Aa1. Aa1. Aa::::Hibi ca aa aa eeek, icieek edeek.145Ne kiie kagaada, e aaa, e de iecek ea ii e

143Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/509.144Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/511.145 Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII509, 511; E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 204205; Jaii

addei, Micea Eiade, A Hi f Reigi Idea (IIII), F Gaaa Bddha he Tihf Chiiai, II/88; Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 75; Mehe Ad, Die TaihieGii, . 79; Mehe Ad, Aikedik Die S, . 348, Jaii addei; AbdahaKkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 65; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 110.


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de fei aaaa ca haaa kba aak ka eie bigi geiiek ii e e de bi iekik ie bi bcei aak eek eie ah bikf e ahak aaak aaca hibi ca deek.146

2. Saa2. Saa2. Saa2. SaaD:D:D:D: Yaa eeek. Hagi ebee a aae a beaaa baak.3. Aa a Aaa3. Aa a Aaa3. Aa a Aaa3. Aa a AaaD:D:D:D:Hk eeek. Yai adece e

aa e kaaa g ie aak eie kaa add egiieahi ak. Kiii kediie eiee ei aaa, hk eeei, gk kaak, kaaak (ahe aa baak) e haa e a aeeikaaka kaa.

4. Baaaa4. Baaaa4. Baaaa4. BaaaaZa aaa:Za aaa:Za aaa:Za aaa:B aaka a eke akiieede gei kaak. Sek a k edeek kiii adece kedi eieeiei e eei bibiie adk kaa e bi de k dca a ciaebee bak.

5. Aaaa5. Aaaa5. Aaaa5. AaaaA a :A a :A a :A a :Madd egiie a bak e e

gide feaga edeek ak ahibi a e aa idiek eie akediede bi aa aak.147

Bi ac ei ie, kaaka ieeeek de a hehagi bi haaaaaa eek, iciek ea deke kaak akada haa kaadka a akaei ea gece kaada hehagi bi e eiieeki.148

B b eiei dda bede haekeei kaa die edi eiad: Hehagi bi kiie kaaa, eaa kaa, dce, e aee igii hada dikkai a, edia ii aaece haekei kaa, ei a e Jai eieie iafieeik gee.

Saddh, ahid e keiei b eiee k ii bi ekide iae eeigeeki. B kiie, fakiie e bi kada kaa ea a bakaa gibi ka ha da iie aa a bi iffe haaa ei edee. Aca ke,kke, hehagi bi ei iiieke e bi ei ake aa deecededikkai aa, hibi ee aah eeeei, aa ka bk egi e akbeeeeei geeki. Bada baka, da bi defa aa kkde kaa e bedeii k aa gieei, haa a bi aada eagegidieci aak geiei geeki. Kad ahide, ekekei aad gibi bihaaa ahi aa, kek bi a aabiie.

Laike ahk kaa eeeide, deei geekie i kaaeie geieidie. Oa, ce a, ebieeide e daaada

146E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 204205, Jaii addei.147

Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/509, 511; E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 205; Jaii addei;Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 75; Mehe Ad, Die Taihie Gii, . 79; MeheAd, Aikedik Die S, . 348; Jaii addei; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 65; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 110; Oa Ciac,Die e aa, . 235.

148Cee Caia, Jaii addei, VII/509; Mehe Ad, Aikedik Die S, . 348,Jaii addei; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 65; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 110.


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ea a, ge akka ka, b akada aka, eeeie eiik (kakca) iikiei eeeide kedieii ai eei, gk aakka kiaa ka e iiik aak ii g aaa e eeii da

kaaad.149

Yie aike aa deie eki kaa e iki beeak dada.Maa kaa; e, ba, ee eeek, aa ieek e geceei

eek eeek gibi kaad. Oiki be ie; kaba iddee, kaba aaa, kabaha baaak, kada h ak, a k ediek, haekeaa da ak, iciici ceaada kaak, eediici e feahk eici eeede ak dak, abak, keiei ek aaak bi e ak,keiee e bakaaa hedie eek, fiike ebeee eiee iae edeeecek da geidiide kedii a bakaak g aa eki.150

J. JANZMDE BADETJ. JANZMDE BADETJ. JANZMDE BADETJ. JANZMDE BADETJaiiei aadka hee he ede a bi ka abed a da bi hac

ei b. Bada baa gk ibade eeidi. Jaii ceaai heii ahi e ahibeei eidedi. Rhba f daha ceei gegici bihaa eke, aaa aada a b d deii e hbaa aaaa eeiedi. Maaaa eee ahi e ahibee, kaeiei kaak, efekk edeek bede e ha ebie eeke akieiigeiie. Rahie gibi hak da gk beii ibadeei eie geii. Jaie kge abede ia eii. B abede, Hidiadaki abed iaiiiadide e g kaac aa aak eii a. Mabededeki ibadeeada abedede ba aiee a. Jaiide aiee aa(a) geeei eke bi dede, beki de Mahaia eaki ikda geiii. Kahaa deide (M.S. I. e III. ), Jaiii iki bkehebi a Digabaa e Sheabaaa, Tihakaaa aaka ea

edia geei bada k aieeki ak aieie ad aakad.

Jaiide ibade e ie adece Jai aieie aa ie deidi. Ka ei b haa, keiee e ka aaa da aide b. Gk ibadee ada Mahaia e da ceki Tihakaaa adaikedii e aa igii ihie ei. Tefekk edii e bede b.Mabedeki a e Tihakaaa hekeeie ee e ebe , eie aba e e k, a ka, aa e iekee ei. Acaibade akada Tihakaaa aadka kab edie ee iae edieekhac edii . B iaee eada de iekei geekeei ii

aaa e Tihakaaaa da edii, haa ba Jaie, Bha, Haa eGaeha gibi Hid aaa da da edee. Mabedeideki ibadee Jaii

149E. R Pike, a.g.e., . 205, Jaii addei.150Mehe Ad, Aikedik Die S, . 348, Jaii addei; Abdaha Kk

Mafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 65.


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ahie aafda dei, hak aafda idae edii. Haa baa, Hidii diadaa a Bahaa, cee Jai abedeide a.151

Jaiide gei bi e a. Aka akaa kk g . B

; bik beii eee ekide geekeiii. Jaiie ak c akeie iiha eei he ee he de di bi ie aak ge.152S aak; gde kedi iie kaak bi haa a beie

i a Jaie, d e ade bi haa aaa. Jaii eee ea aeee a. O die diee ka a; eeiee e ekid eee ekidedi. Jaie ekabe ee e aa iaa aa ediei aaa.153Jaii eiei a i a. Ahia (iddeiik) eibi geei acka ak da Jaie, icaee eiedi. Eik bi aaahi eki aaa, ib bi egiii kedi aa gaai ede

icaeeki baa a ekeeide biiidi. Hidia a haa ieiideJaiiei ei bi eeeke ei ad.154 Bi Jaii a MahaaGadhii iik e ekik feefeii, d e iddeiii

eeei eie kada bk de Jaiii, eike Raachad iiibi Jai aiii ekii .155

JANZM

JAINISM

Yd.D.D.Gai ATASAGUN

Thi aice ide a eie f he hi, heg ad achieee fJaii. Icded i a acc f i fidig b Mahaia ad he ee dig hedeee f chi iae eadig diege ec (Digabaa adSheabaa). The dici a addee Jaii cea ee ch a aa(iece), kaa, he aigai f he ad a eciai a e a ihihie cceig aai, eai, ai ad he aci f a ife.

Mahaie :DigabaaSheabaa.

.

151Eke Sak, a.g.e., . 192193; Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e.,

.6667; Ga TeAbdaha Kk, a.g.e., . 111; Ahe G, a.g.e., . 99.152Abdaha KkMafa EdeMi Ka, a.g.e., . 67.153S. Kiha Sakea, a.g.d., XII/847.154Micea EiadeIa P. Cia, a.g.e., . 75; Mehe Ad, Die Taihie Gii, . 79.155Geffe Paide, a.g.e., . 249.

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