Grossology is the study of really gross things! Duh!!!
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Transcript of Grossology is the study of really gross things! Duh!!!
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Grossology is the study of really gross
things!
Duh!!!
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What kinds of gross things do humans
do?
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How do we break down the foods that we eat?
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Brought to you by the makers of .
Whether you're suffering from heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, nausea, or diarrhea
Soothe
Soothe Soot
he
Soothe
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Try to “digest” or break down a cracker as much as you can without putting it in
your body.
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Any luck?• A saltine cracker is made up mostly starch
molecules or carbohydrates.• These carbohydrates can be broken down
into smaller units called sugars that our bodies are able to absorb and use for energy.
• How can we tell this is happening?– Iodine (normally dark yellow brown) makes a complex
with starch called starch-iodide (dark blue black). It doesn’t make that same complex with simple sugars, so it doesn’t change color.
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How do we break down the foods that we eat?
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There are two ways:
Digestion• Mechanical
–Chewing–Peristalsis
• Chemical–Enzymes are
used to break chemical bonds
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Not shown actual size.
What is an enzyme?
PepsinAmylase
Where are these enzymes found?
An enzyme is a protein that catalyzes (accelerates) a chemical reaction.
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Try to identify the organs used in digestion and place them in the
approximate location you think they are found in the human body.
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THE DIGESTIVE TRACT
MouthStomach
Pancreas
Liver
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Different foods begin to digest in different places.We are going to find out where some different foods start to digest today.
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What is the pH of the digestive tract?
pH 1-3pH 6-7
Digestion starts in the mouth!
Acid Base
7
Neutral
1 14
pH 6-7
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Are enyzmes specific?
• Are enzymes specialized for different organs?
• Are enzymes specialized for what kind of reaction they perform (or food type they break down)?
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As the Stomach Churns…Activity
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Think of a way to see whether the starch in our crackers was digested into
sugars.
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You have 5 minutes to look at your experiment from yesterday
and compile results.
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1. Did water mechanically digest the foods?
A ) Yes
B ) No
C ) Sometimes
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2. Did water chemically digest the foods?
A ) Yes
B ) No
C ) Sometimes
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3. Did hydrochloric acid (pH 1) digest foods?
A ) Yes
B ) No
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4. Did pepsin in water digest the foods?
A ) Yes
B ) No
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5. Did pepsin in acid (HCl) chemically digest the foods?
A ) Yes
B ) No
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6. Did saliva chemically digest the foods?
A ) Yes
B ) No
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7. Are enzymes specific for their environments?
A ) Yes
B ) No
C ) Sometimes
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8. Are enzymes specific for a particular type of food?
A ) Yes
B ) No
C ) Sometimes
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pH 1-3pH 6-7
Acid Base
7
Neutral
1 14
pH 6-8
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Mouth pH 6-7
Stomach pH 1-3
Small Intestine pH 6-8
Amylase starch
Pepsin proteins
Trypsin Pancreasproteins
Lysozyme kills bacteria
Chymotrypsin Pancreas
proteins
Amylase Pancreasstarch
Nucleases PancreasDNA
Lactasemilk sugar lactose
Lipase fats
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9. Do organs work together to digest food?
A ) Yes
B ) No
C ) Sometimes
D ) Only when they want to
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Not shown actual size.
PepsinAmylase
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What is in saliva?
• 99.5% water• Antibacterial agents• Salts
• Gases• Antacids• Mucus• Enzymes- molecules
that break down foodIs it acidic?
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Am I drooling?
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Where is the dirtiest (most
unsanitary) place in your body?
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Who might need to use an antacid?
• Sometimes, when bodies are under more stress than normal, an bacterial infection in the stomach can breakdown the protective mucus lining of the stomach. Ouch!
• Heartburn or acid reflux is caused by an overproduction of stomach acid. Ouch!
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What is feces made of?
Undigested foodWaterSaltsSkin cellsBacteriaBacterial wastesPigment from bile
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Don’t be embarrassed by your bodily functions…
It’s what w
e do!!!
Flarp if you’re happy!