GHG Emissions Reduction Targets for International Shipping · 2018. 8. 23. · 2005 2010 2015 2020...
Transcript of GHG Emissions Reduction Targets for International Shipping · 2018. 8. 23. · 2005 2010 2015 2020...
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Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
GHG Emissions Reduction Targets for International Shipping
Maritime Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism,
Japan
参考資料 1
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UNFCCC
2015
Adoption
2020
Submission of NDC*by each party
2023
GlobalStocktake*
*NDC: Nationally determined contribution *Global stocktake: review process every 5 years
Submitted NDCs
EU △40% by 2030 China △65%/GDP by 2030
Japan △26% by 2030 India △35%/GDP by 2030
Canada △30% by 2030 Brazil △43% by 2030
~2100
GHGBalance*
*GHG balance: anthropogenic emissions = removals
Adopted the Paris Agreement in 2015
Long-term goal• Below 2℃ above pre-industrial• Pursuing efforts to limit 1.5℃
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International aviation sector
2010
CO
2(M
t)• 2% (efficiency) every year• Maintain below 2020 level (volume)
2020 2030 2040
BiofuelsMBMs
2020 level
Global targets
Adopted global GHG reduction targets and measures including MBM in 2013
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International shipping
International shipping needs GHG reduction target
• EEDI for new ships (2013-)• SEEMP for new & existing ships (2013-)• Data collection system for new & existing ships (2019-)
IMO’s approach
Yet, no GHG reduction target in international shippingCould be regarded as a “loophole”IMO should show its commitment to the world
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Setting the targets for International Shipping
Operation; Design & retrofitting; and Alternative fuels.
Paris agreement • well below 2℃• pursuing efforts 1.5 ℃
Level of contributionto climate change
Maximum achievable level of GHG reduction
satisfying both requirements
Global GHG reduction targets with the highest possible ambition
Targets should be ambitious, but achievable
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GHG reduction Short- to Mid-term Target (-2030)
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Short- to mid-term goal (Japan’s proposal)
Reduction target for shipping sector should be based on efficiency
[GHG emission] = [transport volume] × [efficiency]
Can be improved by the effort of the maritime sector
Out of control for the maritime sector
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Short- to mid-term goal (Japan’s proposal)
Short- to mid-term goal: △40% (efficiency) by 2030
70
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
CO
2em
issi
ons
Mt
Target emissoin level(Japan's scenario)
△40%(efficiency)
Base year (2008)
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Contributions by EEDI upgraded new ships: △17% (efficiency)
New ships
80
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
CO
2em
issi
ons
Mt
Pre-EEDI
2013 2015 2020 2025
△17%
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New ships
LNG-fueled ships
Air lubrication Energy recovery
Hull & propulsion improvement
Continuous R&Ds necessary to meet EEDI upgrades
Wind power
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Existing ships
Retrofitting + Maintenance + Operation: △28% (efficiency)
100
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
CO
2 em
issi
ons
Mt
Target emissoin level(Japan's scenario)
△28%
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Operational measures
Maintenance and monitoringPropulsion system upgrade
Retrofitting & Maintenance
Existing ships
Speed reduction Weather routing
Costly and limited options
Potential without substantial investments
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Optimum speedreduction
Speed
CO
2/ t
onne
-mile
Optimum speed
Design speed
Existing ships
Speed reduction has potential, but has limit
Design speed
Constraints Social impact
Fleet increase
Safety
Other environmental risk
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Summary (-2030)
In the short- to mid-term, 40% (efficiency) is challenging,
but achievable in 2030.
• 40% = EEDI (design & LNG) + retrofitting + maintenance + operation
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GHG reduction Long-term Target (-2060)
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Long-term goal (Japan’s proposal)
Long-term goal by 2060: △90% (efficiency) (=△50% (volume))
150
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060
CO
2em
issi
ons
Mt
Base year (2008)
2008 level
50% (volume)over 2008
90% (efficiency)over 2008
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0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060
CO
2em
issi
ons
Mt
Base year (2008)
Alternative fuels(e.g. Hydrogen, biofuels)
2008 level
New alternative fuels
82%
Not achievable by conventional approaches (technical & operational)
Drastic fuel shifts are necessary - over-80% carbon-reduced fuels(zero-carbon fuel available?)
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Challenges R&D
Safety & risk assessments
Legal frameworks
Supply chain
Land infrastructure
Fleet replacement
Fossil fuel
New fuel
Carbon intensityof the fuels
82%
New fuels involve challenges
New alternative fuels
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Long-termgoal
2030 20602018R&Ds
Developinglegal frameworks
Safety & risk assessments
Developing supply chain & land infrastructure
Fleet replacement
Preparatory stage(by 2030)
Implementation stage(2030-2060)
New alternative fuels
Years are needed for fuel shift
Design, contract, building, delivery
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In principle, reduction target for shipping sector should be based on efficiency.
But volume target would be appropriate for the long term.
Because
90% efficiency reduction target is not achievable by conventional approaches by the shipping sector;
mostly depends on readiness of alternative fuel; and
volume target can show the level of contribution to the global GHG reduction.
Long-term target could be based on volume
Long-term goal (Japan’s proposal)
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Summary (-2060)
In the long-term50% (volume) is challenging,
but achievable in 2060.
• 50% = technology + regulation + infrastructure + fleet replacement
Fuel shift
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0
200
400
600
800
1 000
1 200
1 400
1 600
1 800
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
MtC
O2-
eq
Avoided fossil fuel demand
Average capacity growth
High efficiency: new ships
High efficiency: retrofits
Wind assistance
Advanced biofuels
IEA Energy Technology Perspective 2017
Source: International Energy Agency (2017), Energy Technology Perspectives 2017, OECD/IEA, Paris
Shipping, 2DS/B2DS
2DS
B2DS
• 2-Degree Scenario (2DS)• Beyond 2-Degree Scenario (B2DS)
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0
200
400
600
800
1 000
1 200
1 400
1 600
1 800
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
MtC
O2-
eq
Avoided fossil fuel demand
Average capacity growth
High efficiency: new ships
High efficiency: retrofits
Wind assistance
Advanced biofuels
IEA Energy Technology Perspective 2017
Shipping, 2DS/B2DS
2DS
B2DSJapan’s proposal50% (volume) by 2060
50% (volume) by 2060 is within the range of below 2℃ goal
• 2-Degree Scenario (2DS)• Beyond 2-Degree Scenario (B2DS)
22Source: International Energy Agency (2017), Energy Technology Perspectives 2017, OECD/IEA, Paris
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Summary
Global GHG reduction target with the highest possible ambition
1. Short- to mid-term target• 40% (efficiency) by 2030 (over 2008)
2. Long-term target• 50% (volume) by 2060 (over 2008)
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Emission scenarios (Japan’s proposal)
240
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060 2065 2070 2075 2080
CO
2em
issi
ons
Mt
Base year (2008) Short- to mid-term target year (2030)
Long-term target year (2060)
2080 2090 2100
50% emissionsreduction from 2008
Decarbonization?
Years needed for fleet replacement
3,561Mt(△90%)
efficiency648Mt(△40%)
efficiency
Development of new technologies, regulations and infrastructure for new alternative fuels
2008 level
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Emission scenarios (proposals to ISWG-GHG 2)
250
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060 2065 2070 2075 2080
CO
2em
issi
ons
Mt
Base year (2008) Target year 3(2060)
2080 2090 2100
Target year 1(2030)
Target year 2(2050)
ICS et al (1)2008 level (volume)
Japan△40% (efficiency) by 2030
Marshall et alZero emission by 2035
Belgium et al△70% (volume) and△90% (efficiency) by 2050
Japan△50% (volume) by 2060
ICS et al (2)△50% (efficiency) by 2050
ICS et al scenario (1)
De-carbonization
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Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Thank you.