DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug Aarhus Universitet Blichers Allé 20 8830 Tjele

Tlf .: 8715 6000 Fax: 8715 6076 E-mail: dca@au.dk http://dca.au.dk/

DCA - Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug Klaus Horsted Specialkonsulent Dato 15. juni 2015

Direkte tlf. : 87157975 Mobiltlf .: Fax: 8715 6076 E-mail: klaus.horsted@dca.au.dk Afs. CVR-nr.: 31119103 Reference: khr

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AARHUS UNIVERSITET DCA - NATIONALT CENTER FOR FØDEVARER OG JORDBRUG

Til NaturErhvervstyrelsen

Omregning af NUTS2 GHG emissionsfaktorer fra opgørelse per brændstofenhed til opgørelse per råvareenhed

NaturErhvervstyrelsen har d. 12. maj 2015 fremsendt en bestilling til DCA – Natio-nalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug med titlen ”Omregning af NUTS2 GHG emis-sionsfaktorer fra opgørelse per brændstofenhed til opgørelse per råvareenhed.”

Baggrunden for bestillingen er: ”Kommissionen har ønsket opgørelserne af emissio-nen af GHG ved dyrkning af afgrøder til bio-brændstof ændret fra opgørelse per brændstofenhed til opgørelse per råvareenhed. Der bedes lavet omregning for hen-holdsvis gældende danske faktorer henholdsvis de faktorer, der vil være gældende efter igangværende revision.” Nedenfor følger besvarelsen fra DCA der er udarbejdet af lektor Lars Elsgaard, In-stitut for Agroøkologi, Aarhus Universitet.

Besvarelsen er udarbejdet som led i ”Aftale mellem Aarhus Universitet og Fødevare-ministeriet om udførelse af forskningsbaseret myndighedsbetjening m.v. ved Aarhus Universitet, DCA – Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug, 2015-2018.” Besvarelse: I det af kommissionen medsendte brev fremgår om de nye beregninger at: ‘… I would like to ask you to complement the information included in the NUTS re-ports by to supplying us with the corresponding values in the unit CO2eq/dry-kg feedstock (the entire emissions from cultivation including those that are later on allo-cated to co-products).’ Dette betyder (1) at resultatet ønskes per kg tørvægt udbytte, og (2) at der ikke skal tages højde for allokering i beregningerne. Danmarks statistik angiver udbytter for hvede korrigeret til 15% vandindhold og ud-bytter for raps korrigeret til 9% vandindhold. Som forespørgslen fra EU læses, lægges

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AARHUS UNIVERSITET DCA - NATIONALT CENTER FOR FØDEVARER OG JORDBRUG

til grund, at der ønskes en omregning til tørvægt. Det vil sige, at de i denne besvarelse anvendte udbytte-tal er omregnet hhv fra 15% til 0% vandindhold (hvede) og fra 9% til 0% vandindhold (raps). Som det fremgår af bestillingen fra NaEr ønskes beregningerne udført for emissioner rapporteret i 2010 (Elsgaard, 2010) og i 2015 (Elsgaard, 2015). Resultaterne fremgår af Tabel 1 (hvede) og Tabel 2 (raps). Table 1. Emission of GHG from cultivation of winter wheat. Results are in units of g CO2eq/MJ ethanol (EtOH) and in corresponding units of g CO2eq/kg dry yield (dry yield; 0% water content). Calculations are shown for emission data reported in 2010 (Elsgaard, 2010) and in 2015 (Elsgaard, 2015). Region 2010

(g CO2eq/MJ EtOH)

2010 (g CO2eq/kg dry yield)

2015 (g CO2eq/MJ

EtOH)

2015 (g CO2eq/kg dry yield)

Hovedstaden 23,0 353,5 19,5 299,1 Sjælland 20,1 307,4 17,4 266,1 Syddanmark 23,3 357,6 19,6 300,8 Midtjylland 23,6 362,0 19,9 305,1 Nordjylland 24,2 372,8 20,7 317,3

Table 2. Emission of GHG from cultivation of winter rape seed. Results are in units of g CO2eq/MJ rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and in corresponding units of g CO2eq/kg dry yield (dry yield; 0% water content). Calculations are shown for emission data re-ported in 2010 (Elsgaard, 2010) and in 2015 (Elsgaard, 2015). Region 2010

(g CO2eq/MJ RME)

2010 (g CO2eq/kg dry yield)

2015 (g CO2eq/MJ

RME)

2015 (g CO2eq/kg dry yield)

Hovedstaden 24,9 694,7 21,6 600,7 Sjælland 23,7 657,9 20,4 567,1 Syddanmark 26,8 747,0 22,6 627,3 Midtjylland 27,4 761,0 23,0 639,5 Nordjylland 28,2 787,2 23,1 642,4

Referencer: Elsgaard, L. (2010) Greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of winter wheat and winter rapeseed for biofuels - according to the Directive 2009/28/EC of the Europe-an Parliament on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. 31/08/2010 - Revised version. Elsgaard, L. (2015) Greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of winter wheat and winter rapeseed for biofuels - according to the Directive 2009/28/EC of the Europe-an Parliament on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. 31/08/2010 - Revised version. 15/5/2015 – Updated.

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AARHUS UNIVERSITET DCA - NATIONALT CENTER FOR FØDEVARER OG JORDBRUG

Venlig hilsen Klaus Horsted Kopi til: Center for innovation

gCO2,eq/MJEthanol

gCO2,eq/kgWheat

gCO2,eq/MJVeg. oil

gCO2,eq/kgRape 

gCO2,eq/MJ

Biodiesel

gCO2,eq/kgRape 

gCO2,eq/MJEthanol

gCO2,eq/kgSbeet

gCO2,eq/MJBiodiesel

gCO2,eq/kgSunflower 

gCO2,eq/MJBiodiesel

gCO2,eq/kgSoy

gCO2,eq/MJEthanol

gCO2,eq/kgCorn

Standard value 23 30 29 12 18 19 20

Denmark DK Hovedstaden 23,0 24,9DK Sjælland 20,1 23,7DK Syddanmark 23,3 26,8DK Midtjylland 23,6 27,4DK Nordjylland 24,2 28,2

Member StateNUTS2‐Code

Values reported to the Commission by the Member States implementing  Article 19 (2) Renewable Energy Directive (Directive 2009/28/EC)

Wheat ethanol

Pure vegetable oil from rape 

seedRape seed biodiesel

Sugar beet ethanol

Sunflower biodiesel

Soybean biodiesel

Corn (maize) ethanol, 

Community 

NUTS region

Stand 15.01.2015

EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR ENERGY

Directorate C - Renewables, Research and Innovation, Energy Efficiency C.1 - Renewables and CCS policy The Head of Unit

Brussels, Ū 6 Ми) ZÜ15 BK/gs ener.c. 1(2015)2138028

To the Members of the Committee on the Sustainability of Biofuels and Bioliquids

Subject: Request to provide supplementary data on estimated GHG emissions from cultivation of biofuel feedstock in the NUTS2 regions and further guidance to voluntary schemes how to implement the GHG emission calculation methodology

Dear Committee Member,

Having in mind the increase of the minimum requirements for GHG emission savings of biofuels in 2017 it is expected that more and more economic operators will start to report to the Member States actual GHG emission savings rather than default values. Against this background and the experience gained in the area we aim at providing the voluntary schemes with additional guidance how to implement the GHG emission calculation methodology.

One central aspect is related to the use of the data submitted by the EU Member States following the provisions of Article 19(2) Renewable Energy Directive (NUTS 2 reports). As set out in the Commission Communication on the practical implementation of the EU biofuels and bioliquids sustainability scheme and on counting rules for biofuels (2010/C 160/02) operators participating in voluntary schemes could in principle use the estimates of GHG emissions which are included in the NUTS 2 reports.

The problem is that these estimates are given for final biofuels while operators would need such data per unit of biofuel feedstock. This is because in order to calculate actual values operators need to report emissions for the type of product they are dealing with, which is at the early stages of the chain of custody biofuel feedstock rather than biofuels. Reporting emissions in C02eq/MJ final biofuel would require blowing how efficiently feedstock is converted into biofuel in the biofuel production facility. This information is of course not available at that stage. Therefore, we plan ask the voluntary schemes to report actual emissions in the unit g C02eq/kg of feedstock or interim product and to use the unit C02eq/MJ only for final biofuels.

As no information on the transformation efficiency assumed for the calculation of the NUTS 2 values is available and - thus no information how to correctly convert these values- this would mean in practise that voluntary schemes would no longer be able to apply the figures included in the NUTS2 reports. To overcome this situation, f would like to ask you to complement the information included in the NUTS reports by to supplying us with the corresponding values in the unit C02eq/dry-kg feedstock (the entire

Commission européenne/Europese Commissie, 1049 Bruxelles/Brussel, BELGIQUE/BELGIË - Tel. +32 22991111 Office: DM24, 4/138 - Tel. direct line +32 229-53805 - Fax +32 229-64254

Ref. Ares(2015)1917053 - 06/05/2015

emissions from cultivation including those that are later on allocated to co-products). For this puipose we have attached a spread sheet including all values which were reported to the Commission in the unit g C02eq/MJ and an empty column for the values in C02eq/kg feedstock. For the experts who have calculated values in the NUTS2 reports it should be easy to complete this table. The spreadsheet includes already data for the German NUTS2 regions as an example. If you agree to this approach and if you want that the converted NUTS2 values can be used by the voluntary schemes for the purposes of calculation actual values we would be happy to receive your input. In this context you could also crosscheck the data in the attached file with the data from your NUTS2 report to prevent any mistake.

We would also like to provide you with the opportunity to comment on the attached draft letter to the voluntary schemes. The letter concerns in addition to the matter described above also guidance on other aspects of GHG emission calculation methodology such as the transmission of relevant information through the chain of custody, guidance on eccr , eccs and eec, the use of standard values and additional guidance aiming to support auditors. The list of standard values mentioned in the draft letter consists mainly of the values used by the JRC for the calculation of the default values and values derived in the framework of the Biograce project.

I would invite you to send us your comments on the draft letter within three weeks' time and to supply us with the GHG emission data within four weeks' time from the date of this letter.

Yours faithfully,

cc: Permanent Representations (Energy Attachés)

Enclosures:

Spread sheet with NUTS 2 values Draft letter to voluntary schemes Spread sheet with standard values

Paula Abreu Marques

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