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indekiler:

Cevap Kad

Deneme Snav

Cevap Anahtar

Snavn Yabanc Kelimeleri

Uyarlar:

1. Bu testte 80 soru vardr. Bu sorular iin toplam 3 saat (180 dakika) sreayrlmtr.

2. Soru trlerine ait giri ve k saatleri, snavn sabah 9:30 - 12:30 arasnda

uygulanaca varsaylarak belirlenmitir. Soru trlerine giri ve ksaatlerini, snava baladnz saati esas alarak deitirebilirsiniz.

3. Dzeyinizi tam olarak belirlemek istiyorsanz, snav tek bir oturumdauygulaynz.

4. nerilen sreleri amaynz.

5. Bir soru zerindeki deerlendirmenizi bitirdikten sonra, o soruya tekrardnmeyiniz.

6. Sorularnza verdiiniz cevaplar daha sonra deitirmeyiniz.

7. Cevabn iki seenee kadar indirgediiniz sorularda, size gre doru

kma ihtimali zayf olan seenei iaretleyiniz.

w w w . b a d e m c i . c o m

DS DENEME SINAVIFEN BLMLER - 10

A

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CEVAP KAIDI


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- 1 -


1. - 18. sorularda, cmlede bo braklanyerlere uygun den szck ya da ifadeyibulunuz.

Balang saati : 09:30Biti saati : 09:48Toplam sre : 18 dakika

1. Marine biodiversity ensures that ecosystemsrecover relatively quickly after an accidentalor natural ---- .

A) disturbance B) hesitation

C ) encour ag ement D ) d ed icati on

E) spectacle

2. According to kinetic theory, the absolutetemperature of a gas is directly ---- to theaverage kinetic energy of the molecules.

A) experimental B) fundamental

C) negligible D) proportionalE) exceptional

3. At times during the last Ice Age, the NorthAtlantic thermohaline circulation was ----weaker than it is today.

A) pleasantly B) rarely

C) considerably D) directly

E) ful ly

4. In the 1940s, computer pioneer Konrad Zusebegan to ---- that the universe might benothing but a giant computer continuallyexecuting formal rules to compute its ownevolution.

A) denounce B) pressurize

C) empower D) evade

E) speculate

5. In recent years, carbon dioxide (CO2),a naturally occurring greenhouse gas, hasbeen ---- as a result of activities such as theburning of fossil fuels and deforestation.

A) s etting out B) building upC) going out D) coming in

E) reaching up

6. The movement of electrons withinelectromagnetic waves ---- some of thewaves energy, affecting the properties of t hewave and how it travels.

A) tells off B) puts in

C) finds out D) uses up

E) goes around

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7. Some evolutionary biologists argue that ifthe clock of evolution ---- to the beginningand allowed to run again to the present day,the resulting animals on Earth ---- verydifferent from the ones we know now.

A) has been rewound / would have been

B) is rewound / will be

C) might be rewound / will have been

D) had been rewound / had been

E) could be rewound / might be

8. Scientists who ---- alert the world to theexistence of a hole in the stratosphericozone layer recently reported that thisfeature of the atmosphere ---- widening soon.

A) help / would stop

B) have helped / might have stopped

C) helped / may stop

D) will help / might stop

E) had helped / has stopped

9. Meteorites ---- the best available record ofthe chemical and physical processes that---- during the first million years of our solarsystems history.

A) provide / occurred

B) are providing / have occurred

C) had provided / occurred

D) could provide / would occur

E) provided / might occur

10. Today one third of the carbon dioxide (CO2)given off by burning fossil fuels ---- theoceans, thus ---- their naturally alkaline pH.

A) is entering / reduces

B) enters / reducing

C) had entered / will reduceD) will enter / reduced

E) would enter / having reduced

11. Until recently, some scientists ---- that manyindividuals of the same species ---- specifictasks better than the same number ofindividuals from different species.

A) will think / are performing

B) were thinking / will perform

C) think / ought to perform

D) had thought / would be performing

E) thought / could perform

12. Archaeological records show evidence---- local plants being used as medicine---- ancient Egyptian and Stone Age times.

A) about / at B) of / inC) with / by D) from / for

E) on / to

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13. The Weddell seal can swim under the ice ----a depth of 500 metres ---- more than an hourwithout coming up for air.

A) to / between B) in / during

C) at / for D) on / through

E) with / about

14. ---- providing energy, proteins provide theraw materials for building the bodys tissuesand regulating its many activities.

A) According to B) As regards

C) Despite D) In addition to

E) Contrary to

15. The theory posits that Earths climatechanges ---- cyclic variations in the way itorbits the sun.

A) in place of B) in case of

C) so as to D) in view ofE) as a result of

16. Life on Earth would be impossible withoutwater, ---- all life forms, from bacteria toplants and animals, contain it.

A) since B) even so

C) unless D) that

E) when

17. Obtaining nutrients is of ---- vital importance---- both individual organisms andecosystems are structured around thecentral theme of nutrition, the process oftaking in and using food.

A) more / than B) such / that

C) so / as D) much / like

E) either / or

18. Butterflies have some characteristics that are---- fo r professional scientists to understand---- amateur enthusiasts.

A) easier / than B) the easiest / as

C) as easy / so D) so easy / thatE) easiest / like

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19. - 23. sorularda, aadaki paradanumaralanm yerlere uygun denszck ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.


Among the earliest events in fruit flydevelopment are those that determine whichend of the egg cell will become the head andwhich end will become the tail. These events(19) ---- in the ov aries of the mother fly andinvolve communication between anunfertilized egg cell and the cells next to it.One of the first genes activated in the eggcell produces a protein that leaves the eggcell and signals neighbouring follicle cells.Then these follicle cells (20) ---- to turn ongenes for other pr oteins, which signal backto the egg cell. One of the egg cellsresponses is to localise a specific type ofmRNA at one end of the cell. This mRNAmarks the end of the egg (21) ---- the f lyshead will develop, and thus defines the flyshead-to-tail axis. (22) ---- , other egg cellgenes direct the positioning (23) ---- thetop-to-bottom and side-to-side axes.

19.

A) instruct B) dispel

C) embrace D) identify

E) occur

20.

A) will be stimulated

B) stimulate

C) are stimulated

D) have been stimulated

E) are stimulating

21.

A) who B) what

C) whom D) where

E) how

22.

A) On the contra ry B) S imi lar ly

C) Nevertheless D) Despite t his

E) As a result

23.

A) behind B) toC) about D) of

E) at

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24. - 35. sorularda, verilen cmleyi uygunekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

Balang saati : 09:53

Biti saati : 10:10Toplam sre : 17 dakika

24. Long before Linnaeus established his systemfor naming plants in the 18th century, ---- .

A) around the world, orchids have long beensymbols of fertility and potency as in theGreek legend of Orchis

B) the common names of flowers should behighly evocative or imaginative

C) early attempts at growing orchids hadconsisted of placing plants in pots f illed witha thick mixture of rotting wood and leaves

D) many Amazonian orchids are referred tolocally as monkey love-potions

E) people throughout the world called plants bytheir own inventive names

25. While air quality may improve with increasedbiofuel use, ---- .

A) water quality can suffer due to over-use offertilizers and overdrawn water supplies

B) worldwide ethanol demand has pushed up thecost of corn by 25% and sugar by 100%

C) meanwhile, fuel crops had increased in value

D) the energy balance of todays ethanol ispositive

E) 75 million gallons of biodiesel and 4 billiongallons of ethanol were made last year

26. When sunlight hits a raindrop, ---- .

A) a ray of sunlight actually consists of a mixtureof differently-coloured light

B) a typical raindrop is spherical in shape

C) the rainbow is actually a circle which iscentred on the point that is directly oppositethe sun from the observer

D) there is a reduction in its speed and thiscauses the light to bend

E) refraction is the bending of light as it passesfrom one medium to another

27. Having taken in more carbohydrates than itneeds, ---- .

A) sugar can contribute to nutrient deficienciesonly by displacing nutrients

B) the body uses glucose to meet its energyrequirements, fills its glycogen stores tocapacity, and may still have some left over

C) researchers agree that unusually high dosesof refined sugar can alter blood lipids tofavour heart disease

D) high-fibre foods not only add bulk to the diet,but are economical and nutritious

E) a high-fat diet raises the risks of heartdisease, some types of cancer, hypertension,diabetes and obesity

28. ---- , yet the software programmes,or genes, inside our bodies have notchanged much in thousands of years.

A) Computer software has come down in price byhalf annually

B) There is a gene that tells fat cells to hold onto every calorie in order to protect the bodyduring periods of starvation

C) Scientists are researching new methods toovercome the difficulties of gene therapy

D) A human gene is composed of two sets of 23chromosomes

E) Our computers and other electronic devicestypically have their software updated everyfew months

29. ---- because at these speeds they can propel

the car without using engine power.A) The two-mode hybrid systems contain two

electric motors surrounding two planetarygear sets

B) At higher velocities, engine power is required

C) The systems can deliver continuous power inthe required amounts

D) Single-mode hybrid automobile systems aremore fuel-efficient at lower speeds

E) Two-mode systems switch between modeswithout the driver realizing it

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30. Biological psychology is interdisciplinary bynature ---- .

A) now that about half the people who haveadvanced degrees in psychology will work incolleges and universities

B) if our treatment of consciousness reflectedboth the biological and cognitive perspectives

C) since it seeks to establish relationshipsbetween psychological pr ocesses andbiological ones

D) just as biological researchers have oftenattempted to explain psychological principlesin terms of biological ones

E) and so cognitive science and culturalpsychology are further examples of thisphenomenon

31. Most viruses cannot survive very longoutside a living host cell, ---- .

A) although temperate bacteriophages do notalways destroy their hosts

B) but the type of attachment proteins on thesurface of a virus d etermines what type of cellit can infect

C) since viruses have several ways to penetrateanimal cells

D) so their survival depends to a great extent ontheir being transmitted from animal to animal

E) yet under a microscope, most bacteria appear

similar in size and form

32. ---- , it is now actually quite a simple matterto make electrons oppose the push ofapplied electric and magnetic fields.

A) Although this process might have seemedimpossible in the past

B) Rather than the wave reacting to an individualmolecule

C) W hether there is a collective response ofmillions of molecules

D) Because one wants to understand hownegative refraction c an arise

E) Since much remains to be done to turn suchvisions into reality

33. Physical activity limits the rise in bloodglucose that would normally occur aftera meal ---- .

A) but aerobic exercise is typically recommendedfor people who want to lose weight

B) since research is ongoing in this area

C) whereas it takes weeks to months of aerobictraining to improve physical fitness

D) that it will be required only under certainspecific conditions

E) by making insulin work better in movingglucose into muscle

34. ---- , astronomers want to take pictures ofgalaxies of various ages from infancy tomaturity.

A) Because Hubble has taken long exposures ofsmall patches of sky

B) In order to get an idea of what the Milky Waymight have looked like in the past

C) Even though old galaxies were smaller in sizeand more irregular in s hape than modern ones

D) As one would expect, if todays galaxiesformed from the union of several smaller ones

E) If the rate of star formation reached its peak

around seven billion years ago

35. RNA interference, ---- , can turn specificgenes off.

A) that a new technology could be developed

B) whose ability to understand the brain wasaccelerating

C) just as hypertension in animals is common

D) in that nanoparticles can latch onto cancercells

E) which scientists have only recently begun tounderstand

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36. - 38. sorularda, verilen ngilizcecmleye anlamca en yak n Trke cmleyibulunuz.


36. Most scientists are of the opinion thathurricane Katrina, which caused colossaldamage to the coastal areas of Louisiana inAmerica, was clearly linked with globalwarming.

A) Pek ok bilim adam, Amerikada Louisianasahil blgelerinde byk tahribata yol aanKatrina kas rgasnn, kresel snmann birsonucu olduu grn benimsemektedir.

B) ou bilim adam, Amerikada Louisianannsahil blgelerinde ok byk hasara nedenolan Katrina kasrgas nn, kresel snmaylaa ka balantl olduu grndedir.

C) Pek ok bilim adamna gre kresel snmaylaa ka balantl olan Katrina kas rgas,Amerikada Louisiana kylar nda ok byktahribata yol am tr.

D ) ou bilim adamna gre kresel snmaylakesin ilikisi olan Katrina kas rgas, enkorkun etkisini Amerikann Louisianasahillerinde gstermitir.

E) Birok bilim adam, kresel snmadankaynaklanan kasrgalarn AmerikadaLouisianann sahil blgelerini vuran Katrinagibi, byk hasarlara neden olacandnmektedir.

37. The fact that the majority of the scientificworld subscribes to a particular view doesnot make it absolutely right.

A) Belirli bir gr mutlak doru olmasa da bilimdnyas nda ounluk taraf ndan benimsenmiolabilir.

B) Bilim dnyasnda ounluun ayn gresahip olmas, bu grn mutlaka doruolduu anlamna gelmez.

C) Bilim dnyasnn ounluu belirli bir grmutlak doru kabul etmi olsa da gerekbunun tam tersi olabilir.

D) Bilim dnyasnn ounluunun belirli birgr kabul etmesi, bu gr mutlak doruklmaz.

E) Belirli bir gr bilim dnyasnda ounluklabenimsenmi olsa bile, mutlaka doruolmayabilir.

38. Even if all fossil-fuel power stationsworldwide were switched off tomorrow,global temperatures would continue to risefor another fifty years.

A) Fosil yakta dayanan enerji santralleri tmdnyada durdurulsa bile kresel scaklklarn

hzla artmas sorunu en az bir elli y l dahazlemeyecektir.

B) Tm dnyadaki fosil yaktla alan enerjisantralleri yarn kapatlsa bile, bu durumkresel scakln artmasn elli yl dahadurduramaz.

C) Eer fosil yaktl enerji santralleri tmdnyada hemen kapatlabilse, kresel scaklkancak elli yl daha ykselmeye devam eder.

D) Fosil yakt kullanan enerji s antralleri yar n tmdnyada kapatlsayd, kresel scaklnartmas sadece elli yl srerdi.

E) Dnyadaki tm fosil yaktl enerji s antralleriyarn devreden kar lsa bile, kresel

scaklklar bir elli yl daha ykselmeye devamedecektir.

39. - 41. sorularda, verilen Tr ke cmleyeanlamca en yak n ngilizce cmleyibulunuz.

Balang saati : 10:15

Biti saati : 10:20Toplam sre : 5 dakika

39. Darwinin ileri srm olduu balcadnceler, bilimdeki pek ok kavram gibi,eski Yunanllara kadar izlenebilir.

A) The main ideas Darwin advanced, like manyconcepts in science, can be traced back tothe ancient Greeks.

B) Similar to many concepts in science, themajority of ideas put forward by D arwin areoften attributed to the ancient Greeks.

C) Like a number of scientific concepts, most of

the ideas suggested by Darwin may have beenderived from the ancient Greeks.

D) Many ideas advanced by Darwin can, like themajority of c oncepts in science, be related tothe ancient Greeks.

E) Like a lot of ideas in science, a great majorityof concepts developed by Darwin are referredto in the works of the ancient Greeks.

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- 8-

42. - 46. sorularda, bo braklan yere,parada anlam btnln salamak iingetirilebilecek cmleyi bulunuz.


42. Hippopotamuses can be irritable andaggressive when it comes to defending theirterritory and their young. ---- . They havetrampled or gored people who came too near,dragged them into lakes, tipped over theirboats, and bitten off their heads.

A) Hippos are led by dominant males, which canweigh 6,000 pounds or more

B) Agricultural irrigation systems and other

developments have depleted the hipposwetland, river and lake habitats

C) Although hippos occasionally fight withcrocodiles, a growing number of their attacksare on humans

D) A decade ago there were about 160,000hippos in Af rica, but the population hasdwindled to between 125,000 and 148,000today

E) In countries beset by civil unrest, wherepeople are hungry and desperate, hippos arehunted for their meat

43. The historian G. Sarton said that thedevelopment of mathematics is unknown tothe general public. ---- . C ayleys seminalinvestigations of matrix algebra were crucialfor the development of linear algebra. Theterms matrix, determinant and Jacobian,familiar to most science students, wereinvented by Slyv ester.

A) Cayley was a Trinity College fellow atCambridge for a few years until he married

B) It isnt clear when they met, but by 1847 theywere corresponding to share thoughts aboutmathematics

C) Each had triumphed on the University ofCambridges f earsome Tripos examinations

D) Certainly very few have ever heard of A.Cayley or J.J. Slyvester, two of the mostprolific mathematicians of the Victorian era

E) J.J. Slyvester was not only a mathematicianbut also an enthusiastic poet who calledhimself the mathematical Adam

40. Tr olarak varlmz srdrmemiz topraabaldr; ancak, erozyon ve kimyasal kirlilik,bu yaamsal kayna tm dnyada tehditetmektedir.

A) Erosion and chemical pollution throughout theworld threaten our survival as a species,

which depends on soil as a vital resource.B) Soil is indispensable for our survival, and yet

this resource of vital importance is threatenedby erosion and c hemical pollution worldwide.

C) For our survival as a species, we especiallydepend on soil, and yet this importantresource is threatened worldwide by erosionand chemical pollution.

D) Our survival as a species depends on soil,and yet erosion and chemical pollutionthreaten this vital resource throughout theworld.

E) Throughout the world, erosion and chemicalpollution threaten soil, which, as a vital

resource, is indis pensable for our survival.

41. ki galaksinin arpmas , evrenin ktlesinehkmettii sanlan grnmez kara maddeninbugne kadar elde edilen en iyi kantnsalar.

A) Following the collision of two galaxies, thereappears the best evidence so far known of theinvisible dark matter which is believed topervade the mass of the universe.

B) The collision of two galaxies provides the bestevidence yet obtained of the invisible darkmatter assumed to dominate the mass of theuniverse.

C) The only evidence so far of the invisible darkmatter thought to penetrate the mass of theuniverse is provided by the collision of twogalaxies.

D) It is from the collision of two galaxies that thebest evidence yet of the invisible dark matterwhich is assumed to hold together the massof the universe has b een obtained.

E) The invisible dark matter which is thought todominate the mass of the universe is bestunderstood through the evidence provided bythe collision of two galaxies.

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- 9-

44. ----? The answer to that question can rangefrom days to months to decades on the oneextreme and from centuries to millennia, andpossibly even longer depending on suchdiverse and interrelated factors as design,construction and maintenance.

A) How old is the world-famous Brooklyn BridgeB) Can a bridge possibly be designed to last a

century

C) How long did Londons Millennium Bridge stayopen

D) The Tacoma Narrows Bridge lasted only fourmonths before it fell to the wind, didnt it

E) How long can a bridge last

45. Detecting a virus on any nanosize particleusually means fixing it to a substrate or

attaching a fluorescent probe to it, neither ofwhich is practical for detecting particles inreal time. ---- . The system splits a laserbeam in two, sending one half to a sample.When the light hits a small particle, it isreflected back and recombined with thereserved half of the laser beam, producing adetectable interference pattern only when amoving particle is present.

A) The method works because it relies on thelights amplitude rather than its intensity

B) The investigators have so far detected singleparticles as small as s even nanometresacross

C) Now physicists have assembled a simple

system for doing just thatD) A substrate is a substance that reacts when it

comes into c ontact with a particular enzyme

E) Amplitude is the square root of intensity

46. Why do young chameleons prefer to stayclose to the ground? In a recent studypublished in Behavioural Ecology andSociobiology, biologists argue thatcannibalism in the common chameleon hasresulted in a habitat shift. ---- . Juvenile

chameleons tend to stay in low grasses,whereas adults make better use of theiranatomical gifts by liv ing primarily in trees.

A) That is, as individuals develop, their choice ofhabitat changes

B) W ith its prehensile tail and strong, opposingtoes, the common chameleon is a naturalclimber

C) Young chameleons showed little change inbehaviour when with other j uveniles

D) The biologists placed a one-way mirrorbetween an adult and a juvenile, so that theadult could see the juvenile but not the otherway round

E) W hether an attack was likely when there wasclose contact between the generations wasalso tested

47. - 51. sorularda, kar lkl konuman nbo brak lan ksm n tamamlayabilecekifadeyi bulunuz.


47. Maeve : I learned today that there areactually two types of synapses inan animals nervous system.

C har le s : -- --

Maeve : Which type transmits signalsfaster?

Charles : The second, because it sendssignals directly, without using aneurotransmitter.

A) Oh, really? I only know of one type.

B) Most people have only heard of chemicalsynapses.

C) Electrical synapses were first found incrayfish in 1957.

D) Yes, chemical and electrical synapses.

E) Synapses send information from the nervoussystem to the brain, and vice versa.

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4 8. T im : Did y ou know that NASA is going tosend another manned mission toupgrade and repair the Hubblespace telescope?

Max : Oh? I thought tha t, af ter the 200 3Columbia shuttle disaster, they

were going to send mannedspacecraft only to the InternationalSpace Station.

Tim : ----

Max : I hope NASAs tak ing the properprecautions this time.

A) The space telescope is deteriorating becauseof dust and radiation.

B) Well, NASA changed its mind because arobotic mission has turned out to beimpossible.

C) Hubble was first launched into space in 1990.Did you know that?

D) I learned from this article that Edwin Hubblewas the first astronomer to describe theexpansion of the universe.

E) The Hubble telescope has sent backthousands of valuable images. I think itsworth the mission, dont you?

4 9. Mary : I wa tc he d a news repor t th isevening about a man who had

started many forest fires.Investigators were able to find himby examining the areas where thefires had started.

Paul : ----

Mary : No; they looked very careful ly,sometimes with a magnifying glassor metal detector, to find the matchor other agent that had been usedto set the fire, and then they tr acedit back to the person. It almostalways works.

A) Have you ever been near a forest fire when itwas burning?

B) A fire last August nearly burnt up my auntshome in California. I hope they catch whoeverset that fire, too.

C) How could they possibly have done that?Werent all the clues burnt up in the fire?

D) How could they find the place where the firehad started?

E) I think people should be very careful withmatches or c igarettes when they are in theforest.

50. Carol : Do you know what makes birds vision better than ours?

Mike : ----

Carol : Why do they have that abi li ty whenhumans dont?

Mike : I th ink it s because early mammalswere active at night, when theresno ultraviolet light from the sun,and so they lost the ability, butbirds didnt.

A) Its partly because they can see ultravioletlight wavelengths, while humans cant.

B) They need to see better in order to determinethe health of a potential mate.

C) Its impossible for humans to know what birdsperception of colours is actually like.

D) I think their vision is always strengthened byultraviolet light.

E) Insects can also see ultraviolet wavelengths.

51. Brenda : Have you heard of the new Internettechnology that allows people toconduct a search for information by

entering a photo taken with amobile telephone into the searchengine?

Ryan : ----

Brenda : Well, for example, sending a photoof a nearby landmark buildingmight give you a street map of thearea.

Ryan : That would be useful if you werelost in a foreign city.

A) I can barely use my mobile to call someone,let alone to send a picture over the Internet!

B) Who told you that?

C) What good would that be?D) Oh, another new technology.

E) Dont believe everything you read or see onthe television.

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52. - 56. sorularda, cmleler s rasylaokunduunda parann anlambtnln bozan cmleyi bulunuz.


52. (I) Are humans the only primates that cry?(II) The answer depends on how you definecrying. (III) If it is defined as tears comingfrom the eyes, then the answer is yes.(IV) Others take a conservative stance andsay that it is too difficult to tell whether ornot non-human primates have feelings.(V) However, if crying is vocalization thatoccurs under the conditions of distress, thenyou can find crying in almost all primates.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

53. (I) Vertebrate skeletons must be both r igidand strong. (II) However, there aredisadvantages to having grosslyunder- or ov erbuilt bones. (III) Animals haveto balance the needs for strength andstability against the cost of producing,maintaining and manufacturing a heavier

skeleton. (IV) Consequently, skeletal sizetends to match mechanical requirementsclosely. (V) Indeed, limb-bone fractures arerelatively rare.


54. (I) The worlds coral reefs are in trouble.(II) According to an international consortiumof scientists and volunteers, only 30 per centof reefs are healthy now. (III) Modern coral

reefs as we know them have beenaccumulating since the Holocene Epoch10,000 years ago. (IV) US governmentagencies, conservation organizations andother scientists echo the point. (V) A few goso far as to say that coral r eefs in someareas may be doomed.


55. (I) Plant biologists estimate that 25-50% of allplant species are polyploids, that is, havingthree or more sets of chromosomes.(II) Hybridisation between two speciesaccounts for most of this polyploidy,perhaps because the unusually diverse

assortment of genes a hybrid inherits fromparents of different species can beadvantageous. (III) Many of the plants wegrow for food are polyploids, including oats,potatoes, bananas, plums, apples and wheat.(IV) Cotton, also a polyploid, is the source ofone of the worlds most popular clothingfibres. (V) Cotton thread is made from thelong white plumes that extend from the seedsof the plant.


56. (I) Migration is a very precise evolutionaryadaptation to seasonal changes, but thebenefits of migration are not without cost.(II) M any weeks may be spent each year onenergy-demanding journeys. (III) Someanimals may become lost or die along theway. (IV) Green turtles migrate more than

2,000 kilometres across open ocean betweentheir feeding area off the coast of Brazil andtheir nesting place on Ascension Island.(V) And migrating individuals are often atgreater risk from predators in unfamiliarareas.


5 dakika dinlenme aras.

Seeneklerinizi saynz.

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57. - 80. sorular

Balang saat i : 11: 00Biti saati : 12:00

Toplam sre : 60 dakika

Her bir metin ve buna ait 4 soruyucevaplamak iin toplam 10 dakika ay rnz.

57. - 60. sorular aadaki paraya grecevaplay nz.

During our visit in the summer of 1994 to theChernobyl Exclusion Zone, a region within a30 km radius of the Chernoby l Nuclear PowerPlant, we were amazed by the diversity of

mammals living in th e shadow of the ruinedreactor only eight years after the meltdown.During our excursion through the woods, wetrapped some of the local mice forexamination in a makeshift laboratory. Wewere surprised to find that, although eachmouse registered unprecedented levels ofradiation in its bones and muscles, all theanimals seemed physically normal, and manyof the females were carrying normal-lookingembryos. We found that the mice did nothave any obvious chromosomal damage. Wewondered whether the absence of injurycould be explained by some sort of adaptivechange, perhaps a more efficient DNA-repair

mechanism, after many prior generations hadbeen exposed to radiation. But when wetransplanted wild mice from uncontaminatedregions into cages in the Exclusion Zone andthen examined their chromosomes, they werelikewise unaffected by the radiation. In atleast this respect, the mice seemed to have anatural immunity to harm from r adiation.

57. We see from the passage that the scientistswho visited the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone in1994 concluded that ---- .

A) all mice appear to have inborn protection

against the harmful effects of radiationB) only the mice born in the Exclusion Zone were

immune to the chromosomal damage causedby high levels of radiation

C) mice certainly have better-developedDNA-repair mechanisms than other animals

D) the meltdown of the nuclear reactor atChernobyl caused greater than usu al diversityamong the mammals living nearby

E) their makeshift laboratory did not producevalid results for their experiments with themice

58. It is clear from the passage that the micenative to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone---- .

A) had suffered extensive chromosomal damage

B) were found to have very high radiation levelsin their bodies

C) were not affected by the radiation as much asthe mice which had been brought in fromoutside the Exclusion Zone

D) were not put in cages by the scientistsstudying them

E) showed less genetic diversity than mice fromother areas

59. According to the passage, the lack of

subsequent chromosomal damage in micebrought into the Chernobyl Exclusion Zonefrom radiation-free areas proves that ---- .

A) mammals can suffer the effects of radiationand still carry a normal embryo

B) the radiation found in the mice native to theExclusion Zone had c ompounded with eachnew generation

C) the mice native to the Exclusion Zone had,actually, not developed their immunity toradiation after the explosion occurred

D) unprecedented levels of radiation in ananimals tissues always signal extensivechromosomal damage

E) trapping animals is a difficult task, best left tohunters native to the area

60. We understand from the passage that, ontheir visit to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone,the scientists ---- .

A) did not expect to find animals that were

physically normalB) themselves began to suffer from exposure to

high levels of radiation

C) mainly wanted to observe the effects of thereactors meltdown on the surrounding plantlife

D) transported mice from the Exclusion Zone toan uncontaminated area to see if theirradiation levels would decrease

E) were surprised to find that animals in theExclusion Zone did not look the same asanimals from outside the Exclusion Zone

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In an attempt to settle the question of

whether ice exists on the moon, NASA plansto launch the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter(LRO) in 2008. Travelling in a polar orbit only50 kilometres above the moons surface, theprobe will focus a high-resolution neutronsensor on the suspected ice deposits todetermine their precise locations. Butbecause the ice is probably buried and mixedwith lunar dirt, NASA will also need to land aprobe to dig up and analyze soil samples.This mission, scheduled for 2011, is achallenging one because instrumentsoperating in shadowed areas cannot usesolar power. The craft could land at a sunlitsite and send a battery-powered vehicle into

a dark crater, but the batteries would quicklydie. A radioisotope thermal generator couldprovide electricity using heat from plutoniumdecay, but NASA is leaning against thisoption because it is expensive andcontroversial. Another idea underconsideration is sending a probe that couldhop from place to place on the lunar surfaceby restarting its landing rockets, lifting thecraft to 100 metres above its original landingsite and moving it to another spot in thecrater basin to hunt for ice. Investigatingmore than one site is crucial because the icemay be unevenly distributed. Yet anotheralternative would be to fire ground-penetrating instruments at several places in

the shadowed basin, either from a lander atthe craters rim or from an orbiting craft.

61. It is clear from the passage that ---- .

A) firing ground-penetrating instruments at themoon could upset the balance of its s urface

B) there are several options for producing aprobe that could work in the shadowed areasof the moon

C) NASA will use plutonium decay to providepower for its newest landing probe

D) the spacecraft that NASA wants to send tothe moon will probably never actually bemanufactured

E) NASA plans only to send a probe to orbit themoon, not to land on it

62. We understand from the passage that, as partof an effort to pr ove the existence of ice onthe moon, NASA ---- .

A) will make no use of high-resolution radiotelescopes

B) is currently observing the moon from Earth

C) is planning to send one spacecraft to orbit themoon and another to land there

D) is going to send a landing craft that will relysolely on solar power

E) has already sent a spacecraft there to takepictures

63. It is pointed out in the passage that, sincethere may be more ice on one part of themoons surface than on another, ---- .

A) a battery-powered vehicle is an essential partof the probe

B) facilities which will examine the ice must bebuilt near larger ice patches

C) the search there for ice is expensive andcontroversial

D) it is essential to test for ice in severaldifferent areas

E) it will not be possible to use the ice for futurespace exploration

64. We see from the passage that the mainproblem of landing a probe on the moon to

test for ice in shadowed areas is ---- .A) that the public is not interested in the project

B) the hard, rocky surface of the moon

C) lack of government funding for the project

D) the extremely cold temperatures the probewould have to work in

E) that it would not be able to use solar power

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Stem cells, unlike all other cells in the body,

can copy themselves indefinitely. So-calledadult stem cells are found in many parts ofthe body, constantly rejuvenating the brain,remodelling arteries so blood can bypassclogs, and growing new skin to heal wounds.However, adult stem cells have more limitedpower than embryonic stem cells, which canturn into any ty pe of cell in the body. Indeed,scientists are hoping that embryonic stemcells could be turned into neurons to fixdamaged brains, cardiac cells to repairdamaged hearts, or pancreatic cells to createinsulin for people with diabetes. Maybe theycould even be used to regenerate wholeorgans. To date, scientists worldwide have

made more than 100 different humanembryonic cell lines. Still, the existing lineshave serious limitations. Most have beengrown on a lattice of mouse embryonic skincells for support. Consequently, the humanembryonic cells are contaminated by mousecells, and though theyre still useful forresearch, they cannot at present be used todevelop therapies for humans.

65. According to the passage, the main problemwith the currently existing embryonic stemcell lines is ---- .

A) the fact that they could be turned into neurons

B) the lack of diversity between the differentlines

C) that there are not enough of them to developtherapies useful for treating human dis eases

D) that they are contaminated by the mouse cellsupon which they have been grown

E) that they do not produce reliable researchresults

66. As regards the therapeutic possibilities, thepassage emphasizes the advantages of ---- .

A) developing human embryonic stem cellsbased on mouse cells

B) embryonic stem cells over adult stem cells

C) human embryonic stem cells over mouseembryonic skin cells

D) man-made embryonic stem cell lines

E) adult stem cells when used to rejuvenate theblood

67. We see from the passage that embryonicstem cells ---- .

A) are far less versatile than adult stem cells

B) hold no possibility of being used to curedisease

C) in the past were able to treat illnesses, butcannot be used for this purpose today

D) might, in the future, be used to treat humanswith damaged brains or hearts

E) cannot reproduce themselves, unlike adultstem cells

68. It is understood from the passage that adultstem cells ---- .

A) have been manipulated by scientists in orderto produce new organs

B) are not as well-understood as other types ofcells in our bodies

C) are always actively engaged in our bodies

D) will someday be used to regenerate wholeorgans

E) can turn into any other cell type

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The concentrations of methane (CH4) and

carbon dioxide (CO2) gases in theatmosphere have both risen dr amaticallysince the start of the Industrial Revolution.However, unlike its more familiargreenhouse-gas cousin, atmosphericmethane has recently stopped incr easing inabundance. T his development wasnt entirelyunanticipated, given that the rate of increasehas been slowing for at least a quar ter-century. The recent stabilisation of methanelevels is something that some scientists aretrying very hard to explain. Methane hasmany sources. Some are natural, such aswetlands and plants, and some are theconsequences of modern society, such as

landfills and wastewater treatment. Methaneis destroyed principally by its r eaction withthe hydroxyl radical (OH) in the loweratmosphere. One theory about thestabilisation of methane levels is thatdeforestation has reduced the number ofplants contributing to atmospheric methane.Another idea is that an increase in theprevalence of tropical thunderstorms mayhave raised the amounts of the var iousnitrogen oxides high in the atmosphere.There, these gases have the side effect ofboosting the production of OH, which in turnacts to destroy methane.

69. It is pointed out in the passage that methanein the atmosphere is destroyed primarily by---- .

A) the interventions of scientistsB) the presence of carbon dioxide gas

C) wetlands and plants

D) contact with OH, the hydroxyl radical

E) the Industrial Revolution

70. According to the passage, althoughatmospheric carbon dioxide levels continueto rise, ---- .

A) atmospheric methane levels are no longerrising

B) an increase in tropical thunderstorms mayreduce these carbon dioxide levels

C) this rise is expected to level out some time inthe next quarter-century

D) scientists are trying very hard to explain thisincrease

E) they are not evenly distributed

71. We understand from the passage thatlandfills and wastewater treatment facilitiesare examples of ---- .

A) natural sources of carbon dioxide

B) ways to boost the production of OH in theatmosphere

C) man-made sources of methane

D) high levels of atmospheric methane

E) the recent stabilisation of methane levels

72. It can be inferred from the passage that---- .

A) atmospheric methane is produced only byhuman activity

B) the greenhouse effect of methane is not aswidely-known as th at of c arbon dioxide

C) scientists expect atmospheric methane levelsto continue rising

D) deforestation contributes to increasingatmospheric methane levels

E) carbon dioxide is not as important as methanein terms of causing global warming

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In 1980, the physicist Lufs Alvarez and his

son Walter advanced a startling theory aboutthe demise of the dinosaurs: that i t wascaused by forces that came from beyond thisworld. They hypothesised that perhaps ameteor impact had ended the age of thedinosaurs. The primary evidence was that insoil core samples taken in locations aroundthe globe, iridium, a substance very rare onEarth but prevalent on asteroids, had beenfound in a thin layer of clay separating thefossil-rich rock of the late Cretaceous period(the end of the dinosaur age) and thesparsely fossiled rock of the Tertiary periodthat followed. The Alvarezes hypothesisedthat a very large extraterrestrial object had

slammed into the planet, sending anenormous fireball into the stratosphere,along with vast amounts of debris. A greatcloud of dust enshrouded Earth, blockingsunlight for months, even years, and plantsand animals perished in the ensuing cold anddark. When the dust finally settled back toEarth, it formed the telltale worldwide layerof iridium in the clay. The scientific worldwas not impressed by the theory. Indeed,some scientists scoffed at the Alvarezeshypothesis, but in 1990 scientists realizedthat a crater of 112 miles in diameter inMexico and dated at 65 million years o ldmight be evidence that the dinosaurs hadindeed died out due to the effects of a giant

meteor.

73. It is clear from the passage that, when theAlvarezes advanced their meteor-impacttheory, ---- .

A) their focus was mostly on the Tertiary period

B) it was not a surprising idea

C) they didnt make use of core samples

D) few scientists believed them

E) there were vast amounts of debris in thestratosphere

74. It is pointed out in the passage that the cloudof dust caused by the supposed meteorimpact ---- .

A) caused the fossils of that period to beparticularly easy to extract

B) poisoned the plants and animals living onEarth at that time

C) made the Earth dark and cold for a very longtime, causing plants and animals to die

D) did not contain iridium

E) formed a very large crater in Mexico when itsettled

75. We understand from the passage that, by thetime of the Tertiary period, ---- .

A) the dinosaurs had died out

B) forces from beyond this world had invaded theplanet

C) the dust from the meteor impact had still notsettled

D) fossils were well-preserved

E) the age of the dinosaurs was thriving

76. According to the passage, the main proof

given by Lufs and Walter Alvarez of a giantmeteor impact that could have destroyed thedinosaurs was ---- .

A) the fossil-rich rock of the late Cretaceousperiod

B) a great cloud of dust surrounding Earth

C) the 112-mile-wide crater they had discovered

D) an enormous fireball in the stratosphere

E) the presence of iridium in soil all over theworld

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Mount Vesuvius in southern Italy is actuallya volcano inside the exploded skeleton of anolder volcano. Looked at from above, theremaining ridge of a much larger volcano canbe seen on the north side. T his older volcanohad probably erupted violently long beforehuman settlement. Southern Italy is unstableground. The African continental plate, onwhich most of the M editerranean Sea rests,is actually diving beneath the Europeanplate. That kind of underground collisionproduces molten rock, or magma, rich involatile gases such as sulfur dioxide. Underpressure underground, these gases staydissolved. But when the magma rises to thesurface, the gases are released. Accordingly,

when volcanoes like Vesuvius erupt, theytend to erupt explosively. To this day, in fact,Vesuvius remains one of the worlds mostdangerous volcanoes; some 3.5 millionItalians live in its shadow. Althoughmonitoring devices are in place to warn ofthe volcanos activity, if there were a majoreruption with little warning, there could be atremendous loss of life.

77. We see from the passage that althoughMount Vesuvius is a very dangerousvolcano ---- .

A) it is safe to live nearby because of themonitoring devices that warn of the volcanosactivity

B) many people still live nearby

C) it is more dangerous than the older volcanothat used to be in its place

D) it does not result from an undergroundcollision of c ontinental plates

E) its eruption would never result in peoplesdeaths

78. We can understand from the passage that thepushing of the African continental platebeneath the European continental plate ---- .

A) does not create magma containing sulfurdioxide and other unstable gases

B) is the result of volcanic activity such as wesee in Southern Italy

C) makes Southern Italy a region prone tovolcanic eruptions

D) has made Northern Africa a hot spot forvolcanic activity

E) means that the Mediterranean Sea is slowlywidening

79. We understand from the passage that MountVesuvius eruptions are usually ver yexplosive because of ---- .

A) the exploded skeleton of an older volcano

within which it i s locatedB) the strong skeletal structure of the volcano

C) its proximity to a large body of water

D) the unstable gases released when thevolcanos magma reaches the surface of theEarth

E) the monitoring devices placed near thevolcano

80. It is clear from the passage that ---- .

A) Mount Vesuvius is a dying volcano which willsomeday cease to erupt

B) the Mediterranean Sea is part of the Europeancontinental plate

C) the European continental plate will one daycompletely cover the African one

D) 3.5 million Italians lost their lives in Vesuviuslast eruption

E) there was once a much larger volcano whereMount Vesuvius is today

nemli Not:

Kalan 30 dakika srenin 15 dakikasnseeneklerinizi saymak ve bo braktnzsorular, cevap kadnzda sayca en az

kan seenee gre iaretlemek iin ayrnz.

Son 15 dakikalk sreyi, snavn normalsresi iinde bakamadnz sorular iinkullanabilirsiniz. Daha nce zerindeuratnz sorulara tekrar geri dnmeyiniz.

TEST BTT !

CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDNZ.

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DS DENEME SINAVIFEN BLMLER - 10CEVAP ANAHTARI


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YABANCI KELMELER

Soru 1. marinebiodiversity= deniz canllarnn eitlilii

ensure = garanti etmek, salamak, temin etmek, secure, guaranteerecover = iyilemek, kendine gelmek, improve, get well, zt anl.= deterioraterelatively = greceli olarak, nispeten, comparativelydisturbance = dzeni bozucu ey, kargaa, turmoil, zt anl.= order, stil lnesshesitation = ekinme, duraksama, tereddtencouragement = tevik, zendirme, yreklendirmededication= adama, adanmlk, devotionspectacle= grlecek ey; dehet verici manzara

Soru 2. Kinetic Theory of Gases = Gazlarn Kinetik Teorisi (gazlarn s, hacim, basn gibizelliklerini, molekllerinin yaplar ve hareketleri ile aklayan teori)absolute temperature = scaklk (Kelvin biriminde llen scaklk)

fundamental = esasl, temel, asl, basic, central, primary, zt anl.= secondarynegligible = nemsiz, yok denecek kadar az, insignificant, minor, zt anl.=considerable, significantproportional = orantl, (directly proportional = doru orantl)exceptional = olaand, istisnai

Soru 3. thermohalinecirculation= okyanuslarn, younluk farklarna bal olarak kreselboyutta akntlar ile srekli devinim halinde olmaspleasantly= hoa gider bir ekilde, hoaconsiderably = epeyce, olduka, significantly, substantially, zt anl.= slightly

Soru 4. pioneer=bir alanda yenilikler yaratan kii, ncgiant= devasa, ok byk, huge, gigantic, zt anl.= miniature

execute= uygulamak, yerine getirmekcompute=hesaplamakevolution= evrimdenounce= knamak, condemn, zt anl.= praisepressurize= basn altnda tutmakempower = yetki vermek; izin vermekevade= kanmak, saknmakspeculate = (elde yeterli veri olmadan bir ey hakknda) fikir yrtmek, speklasyonyapmak

Soru 5. greenhouse= seradeforestation = ormanszlatrma

set out = balamak, yola koyulmak, begin, commence, zt anl.= stay, haltbuild up = birikmek, gather, accumulate, zt anl.= lessenreachup= uzanmak, uzanarak (bir eye) yetimeye almak

Soru 6. property= zellik, characteristic, featuretelloff= 1) sayp ayrmak; 2) yzne vurmak, azarlamakputin=1) ieri koymak, eklemek 2) (zaman) harcamak, spend (time)useup= kullanarak azaltmak, bitirmek, tketmek, deplete, run through

Soru 7. evolutionary= evrimselrun = ilemek, almak, operaterewind= geri almak, (kaseti) geri sarmak

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Soru 8. alert=uyarmakexistence = varlk, mevcudiyet, (bir ey)in var olmasstratospheric= stratosfer (atmosferin ikinci tabakas) ile ilgililayer = tabakafeature = zellik, vasf, characteristic, element

Soru 9. meteorite= meteorit, dnyaya den kk gktathebestavailablerecord= eldeki en iyi kayt / veri kayna

Soru 10. give off = dar vermek, send out, emit

Soru 11. species = (hem tekil hem oul) cins, trspecific = belirli, distinct, particular, zt anl.= generaltask = i, grev, dev,job, duty, work

Soru 12. evidence = kant, delil, proof, clue

Soru 13. Weddellseal= Weddell foku (Antarktika evresinde yaayan bir fok tr)depth = derinlik

Soru 14. raw = ham, ilenmemitissue = dokucontrary to = karn, aksine, as opposed to

Soru 15. posit= nermek, ne srmekcyclic = periyodik olarak ortaya kan, dnemselvariation = 1) dzensizlik; 2) farkllama

Soru 17. nutrient= besin, gda, foodvital = 1) yaamsal, hayati, yaam iin gerekli; 2) ok nemli, critical, essential,pivotal, zt anl.= insignificant, trivialnutrition= beslenme, nourishment

Soru 18. enthusiast= (bir konu ile) ilgili / merakl kii

19. - 23. sorular (Metinde geen yabanc kelimeler)fruitfly= meyve sinei (genetik aratrmalarda sklkla denek olarak kullanlan birsinek tr)end= u, tarafovary= yumurtalkunfertilized= dllenmemifollicle= kesecik, folikl (anatomide bir grup hcrenin arasnda yer alan kresel

formlu boluk)turnon= aktif hale getirmeklocalise= belirli bir yere snrlamakmRNA= tayc ribonkleik asit (genetik bilgiyi DNAdan ribozoma tayan RNAmolekl), messenger ribonucleic acidaxis= (oul: axes) aks, eksen

Soru 19. dispel= datmak, defetmek, gidermekembrace= sarlmak, kucaklamak, kabullenmek, hug, accept, zt anl.= reject, shunidentify = tanmlamak, tehis etmek; kimliini tehis etmek, determine, diagnose

Soru 20. stimulate = (rnein biyoelektriksel veya biyokimyasal olarak) uyarmak, excite

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Soru 22. on the contrary = aksine, bilakissimilarly = benzer ekilde

Soru 24. establish = 1) kurmak, oluturmak, form, found, constituteorchid= orkide

fertility= dourganlk, ksr olmamapotency= (cinsel) iktidarlegend= efsane, epicevocative=arm yaptrc, artranimaginative = yaratc, creativerot= rmek, decomposemonkeylove-potion= maymun ak iksiri (cinsel iktidar veya arzu yarattdnlen bir orkide ekstraktna verilen yerel bir isim)throughout = her yerinde, all overinventive= yaratc, creative, innovative, zt anl.= uninventive

Soru 25. biofuel= tarlalarda bu amala retilen bitkilerden elde edilen yakt (rn. biyodizel),

agrofuelsuffer = zarar grmekover-use = ar kullanm, over-consumptionoverdraw = (bir kayna) ar kullanmakwatersupply= su rezerviethanol= alkoll ikilerde bulunan alkol eidi, ethyl alcoholdemand= 1) talep, request; 2) ihtiya, needpushup= ykseltmek; yukar itmekmeanwhile = bu arada, bu esnada

Soru 26. ray= k huzmesi, nspherical= (ekil itibar ile) kresel, kreye benzerbend= bklmek, kavis yapmak

refraction= (k iin) krlma

Soru 27. deficiency = eksiklik, yetersizlik, inadequacy, insufficiency, shortage, zt anl.=adequacy, sufficiency, excessdisplace= yerinden etmek, yerini almakrequirement = gereksinim, ihtiya, talep, necessity, claimleft over= artan, fazlalk, excessrefined= rafine, artlm, zt anl.= coarse, crudealter = (zne dokunmadan ksmen) dei(tir)mek, change, modifylipid= lipid, hcrenin temel yaptalarndan olup kloroform ve eter gibi organiksolventler iinde znebilen maddefavour = kolaylatrmak, meydana gelme ihtimalini arttrmak, encourage

high-fibre= (besinler iin) lif oran yksekbulk= byk hacim / ktlenutritious= besin deeri yksek, besleyici

Soru 28. comedown= (fiyat iin) inmek, dmekstarvation = iddetli alk, alktan leyazmaovercome = amak, stesinden gelmek, yenmek, defeat, get overchromosome= kromozom (lineer bir dzen iinde genleri tayan ve hcreekirdeinde bulunan ipliksi bir yap)update= modernletirmek, gncelletirmek, modernise, renew

Soru 29. propel= yrtmek, ileriye hareket ettirmektwo-mode hybrid (engine) = tatlarda kullanlan, benzin motorunun yan sra iki

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kademeli bir elektrik motoru ile de alan yeni ve deneysel bir motor sistemisurround = evrelemek, evirmek, kuatmak, enclose, borderplanetary gear (system) = bir d dili ve ierisinde dnerek alan i dililerdenoluan g iletim sistemi, epicyclic gearvelocity= (belli bir ynde) hz

fuel-efficient= yakt tasarruflu, az yakt tketenswitch (between) = (iki veya daha ok tarzda) dnml olarak (almak), (birey)den baka (bir ey)e gemek

Soru 30. interdisciplinary= disiplinler / bilimler arasby nature = z / doas sebebiyle, doas gereinow that = artk yle olduuna greconsciousness= bilin, farknda olma halicognitive= bilme / kavrama / idrak ile ilgiliperspective= perspektif, bak as, viewpoint, approachseek = 1) (bir ey yapma)ya almak, try (to); 2) aramak, aratrmak, inquirein terms of = ile ilgili olarak, asndan, bakmndan, on the basis of, in relation to

further = baka, some more, otherphenomenon = (oul: phenomena) nemli / olaanst olay, fenomen

Soru 31. host= (mikrop vs.) tayctemperatebacteriophage= lml bakteriyofaj (konak hcrenin paralanmasnaneden olmayan bakteri virs tr)destroy = yok etmek, ortadan kaldrmak, demolish, exterminate, wipe out, zt anl.=preserveattachment protein = tutunma proteini (virsn yzeyinde bulunan ve virsnhcrelere tutunmasn salayan protein)penetrate = girmek, iine ilemek, nfuz etmek, enter, get in, go throughto a great extent = byk oranda / ldetransmit = (hastalk) bulatrmak, iletmek, aktarmak, carry, convey

Soru 32. oppose = kar koymak, diren gstermek, resistpush= itmeapply= uygulamak, tatbik etmek, implement, utilizearise = ortaya kmak, emerge, zt anl.= disappear, fade

Soru 33. go on = srmek, devam etmek, (ongoing = devam eden), continue

Soru 34. infancy= balangmaturity = olgunluk, full development, zt anl.= immaturelong exposure= (fotoraflkta) uzun pozlama (poz sresini ayarlayarak veyadeklanre basl tutularak n filme uzun bir sre boyunca ilemesini salama

teknii); uzun pozlama yntemi ile alnan grntpatch= para, ksm; blge, piece, section; regionMilkyWay= Samanyolu (Galaksisi)peak = en yksek dzey, climax

Soru 35. RNA= ribonkleik asit (protein sentezinde rol alan genetik materyal), ribonucleic acidinterference = mdahaleturn off = aktif hali sonlandrmak, deactivateaccelerate= hzlanmak, ivme kazanmak, speed upnanoparticle= 100 nanometreden daha kk boyutlu parack, nanocluster,nanopowderlatch= tutunmak, attach

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Soru 42. hippopotamus= hipopotam, su aygrirritable= hrn, asabi, sinirli, petulantterritory= blge, toprak, alanyoung= yavrular, offspringtrample= ezmek, inemek; ezip gemek

gore= (boynuz, fil dii vb. ile), karnn demek / fena halde yaralamakdrag= (ekerek) srklemektipover= devirmekbite off= srarak koparmakhippo= hippopotamus kelimesinin ksaltlm haliirrigation = sulama, wateringdeplete = tketmek, bitirmek, exhaust, consume, zt anl.= add, restockwetland= karasal iklim blgeleriyle deniz iklim blgeleri veya gller arasnda kalan,nemli ve genellikle bataklk blgeoccasionally = bazen, ara sra, now and then, from time to time, once in a while, ztanl.= frequently, oftencrocodile= timsah

dwindle= azalmak, diminish, shrink, zt anl.= grow, expandbeset= 1) rahat vermemek; 2) kuatmak, etrafn almakcivil unrest=sosyal kargaa, i kargaa, civil disturbancedesperate = 1) aresiz, helpless; 2) mitsiz, hopeless

Soru 43. seminal = kendisinden sonrakilere kaynak tekil eden trden (aratrma / alma)matrixalgebra= matris cebiri (matrisler zerinde yaplan ilemler ile ilgili matematikdal)crucial = ok nemli, kritik, pivotal, vital, zt anl.= triviallinearalgebra= dorusal / lineer cebir (vektrler ve lineer denklemler ile yaplanilemler ile ilgili matematik dal)determinant= determinant (bir matris veya bir denklem iin zel bir prosedrkullanlarak elde edilen, matrisler veya denklemler aras ilemlerde kullanlan say)

fellow= doktora veya bilimsel aratrma bursu alan kimse; akademi yesitriumph= baar salamak, zafer kazanmak, succeedfearsome= korkunTripos= Cambridge niversitesinde bitirme snavlarna verilen adprolific= retken, verimli, productive, fruitfulera= devir, a, (Victorian Era = Viktorya Devri, ngilterede Kralie Viktoryannhkm srd 1837 ile 1901 yllar arasnda kalan dnem)enthusiastic = evkli, hararetli, heyecanl, excited, devoted, zt anl.= disinterestedpoet= air

Soru 44. range =(bir ey) ile (baka bir ey) arasnda deimekextreme = en son nokta, ar u

millennium= (oul: millennia) bin yldiverse = eitli, farkl, different, variousinterrelated= birbiriyle ilgili / ilikilimaintenance = (makine vs. iin) bakmfall to= yenik dmek, be defeated by

Soru 45. nanosizeparticle= 100 nanometreden kk boyutlu parack, nanoparticlesubstrate= enzimin, balanarak reaksiyona girdii maddeattach= tutturmak, takmakfluorescent= floresan (kimyasal veya nm yolu ile ald enerji ile parldayan)probe= sonda(in) realtime= gerek zamanl olarak, canl, live

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split= blmek, divide, zt anl.= joinbeam= n, k huzmesi, raysample = rnek, numune, example, specimenrecombine= birletirmek, yeniden bir araya getirmekreserve= sakl tutmak, ayrmak

interference pattern= (k iin) iki farkl dalgann birleerek oluturduu karmnbir ekrann zerinde oluturduu desenrely on = gvenmek, bel balamak, depend on, zt anl.= distrustamplitude= dalga yksekliiintensity= younluk, iddet, force, powernanometre= nanometre, milimetrenin milyonda biri, 10-9 metreassemble= kurmak, paralar bir araya getirerek oluturmak, install, zt anl.=dismantle, disassembleenzyme= enzim (kimyasal tepkimeleri hzlandran molekl)squareroot= karekk

Soru 46. chameleon= bukalemun (renk deitirebilen bir kertenkele tr)

cannibalism= yamyamlk, kendi trn yemecommon = yaygn, sk rastlananshift= deimek, (baka bir alana) kaymak, switch, alterjuvenile=genprehensile tail = (hayvanlarda) nesneleri kavrayabilme becerisine sahip kuyrukopposing toe= ters dnebilen baparmakone-way= tek ynl geirgen, dardan iini gstermeyen (cam vs.)theotherwayround= br trl, tam ters, opposite, vice versalikely = olas, muhtemel, probable, expected, zt anl.= improbable, unlikely

Soru 47. synapse= sinaps (sinir hcreleri arasnda kalan, hcreleraras sinirsel iletiimingerekletii boluk)transmit = iletmek, aktarmak, carry, convey

neurotransmitter= nrotransmitter, nrotayc (hcreleraras sinirsel iletiimdegrev alan kimyasal madde)crayfish= kerevides (stakoza benzer ama daha kk bir deniz veya tatl suhayvan), crawfishviceversa= br trls (de), tersi (de), the other way round

Soru 48. manned mission = insanl grev (rnein insanl bir uzay arac ile)upgrade= gelitirmek, dzeyini ykseltmek, improve, advance, zt anl.= worsen,weakenshuttle= mekikspacecraft = uzay aracproper = doru, olmas gereken, uygun, correct, zt anl.= improper

precaution = tedbir, nlem, safeguarddeteriorate = bozulmak, ktlemek, worsen, zt anl.= recoverturn out to be = (bir ey) olduu ortaya kmaklaunch = (fze, roket veya uzay arac iin) frlatmakexpansion = genileme, byme, growthuniverse = evrenbe worth (it) = (bir ey)e deer olmak, zt anl.= be not worth (it)

Soru 49. investigator = dedektif, mfetti, inspectormagnifyingglass= bytedetector=dedektr (metal, radyoaktif madde vb. malzemeyi bulmaya yarayan alet)traceback = geriye / eskiye doru izini srmek / bulmakburnup= yakmak, yakarak tketmekset = (ate) yakmakclue = ipucu, hint

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Soru 50. vision = grme kabiliyeti, eyesightwavelength= dalga boyumate = (genellikle hayvanlar iin) eperception = alglama, algstrengthen = glendirmek, gelitirmek, reinforce, support, zt anl.= weaken,

undermine

Soru 51. landmark = herkese bilinen ve yol tariflerinde kullanlan da, tepe gibi yerler veyakule, zellii olan bir bina vs.barely = zar zor, glkle, ok az, hardly, zt anl.= enough, sufficientlylet alone = brak... (Brak resim gndermeyi, telefon bile aamyorum gibiolanakszln boyutunun bykln vurgulamak iin kullanlr)What good would that be? = Onun ne faydas olacak ki?

Soru 52. primate= primat (en gelimi ve zeki memeli gruplarna ait herhangi bir ye)conservative = muhafazakar, tutucustance= tutum, duru, attitude, approach

vocalization= ses ile ifadeSoru 53. vertebrate= omurgal, craniate

grossly = fazlaca, ar bir biimde, fena haldeunder- or overbuilt= eksik veya ar yapl (salamlk ve / veya ktle kastediliyor)stability= salamlk, katlk, zt anl.= instabilitymaintain = muhafaza etmek, bakmak, keep, retainconsequently = sonu olarak, dolaysyla, bu nedenle, accordingly, subsequentlyskeletal= iskelete ait, iskeletle ilgili (skeletal size = iskelet bykl)indeed = gerekten, dorusu, certainlylimb-bone=kol veya bacaklara ait kemikfracture=krlma, krkrelatively = greceli olarak, nispeten, comparatively

Soru 54. coralreef= mercanresificonsortium= konsorsiyum (ortak bir kar iin oluturulmu organizasyon)volunteer = gnllHoloceneEpoch= Holosen Dnemi (yaklak 11,500 yl ncesinden gnmzekadar olan buzul a sonras dnem)echo= aynsn syleyerek desteklemek, tekrar etmekpoint = nokta, durum, meselegoso faras= (bir ey yapa)cak kadar ileri gitmekdoomed= yok olmaya mahkum

Soru 55. polyploid= poliployid (monoployid saynn iki katndan daha fazla kromozoma sahip

hcre ya da organizma)hybridisation= melezletirmeadvantageous = avantajl, yararloats= (oul kullanlr) yulafplum= erikwheat= budayfibre= (besinler iin) lifthread= iplikplume= pamuk gibi baz bitkilerdeki tohumlar saan beyaz ty gibi ksmextend = kmak, uzanmak, protrude

Soru 56. migration = gprecise = 1) tam, kesin, definite; 2) dikkatli, titiz, rigorous, zt anl.= indefinite,inaccurate

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benefit = yarar, fayda, advantage, use, zt anl.= harm, lossbe not without cost= bedelsiz olmamak (bedeli bulunmak)energy-demanding= (bol) enerji gerektirenturtle= kaplumbaaoffthecoast (of a place) = (bir yerin) kysndan akta

nesting= yuvalanma, yuva yapmapredator = avc, alc hayvan; yrtc hayvanunfamiliar = aina olmayan, yabanc, unknown, strange, zt anl.= familiar, known

57. - 60. sorular (Metinde geen yabanc kelimeler)exclusion zone= girilmesi / yerleilmesi yasak / sakncal blgeradius= (oul: radii) yarapdiversity = eitlilik, farkllk, variety, assortment, zt anl.= uniformityruined = harabe halinde, yknt halde, devastatedmeltdown= (nkleer reaktr iin) erimeexcursion= ksa sreli geziwoods= koru, ormanlk alan

trap= tuzak kurarak yakalamakmakeshift= derme-atma, geiciregister=(bir eye) sahip olduugrlmek / gzlemlenmekunprecedented = grlmemi, emsalsiz, exceptional, zt anl.= usualembryo= embriyo, doum ncesi geliimin fetsten nceki aamalarchromosomal= kromozomal, kromozomlar ile ilgiliabsence = yokluk, bulunmama, zt anl.= presence, existenceadaptive= uyum gsterme ile ilgili, uyumsaltransplant= nakletme, tama ve yeni ortamda yaatmaya almauncontaminated= kirlenmemi, (hastalk vs.) bulamam, unpolluted, uninfectedcage= kafeslikewise = benzer ekilde, similarlyinthis respect = bu bakmdan, bu hususta

at least = en azndan, at any rate

Soru 57. conclude = 1) sonu karmak, determine; 2) bitirmek, sonulandrmak, completeinborn = tabiatnda olan, doutan gelen, kaltsal, congenital, hereditary, innate, ztanl.= acquiredvalid = geerli, salam, credible, solid, zt anl.= invalid, unacceptable

Soru 58. native to = (bir yer)in yerlisiextensive = geni apl, kapsaml, comprehensive, zt anl.= limited, narrow

Soru 59. subsequent = sonra gelen, (nceki bir eyi) izleyencompound= birikmek, eklenerek oalmak

best left to hunters= en iyisi (bu ii) avclara brakmak

Soru 60. surrounding = evredeki, etraftaki

61. - 64. sorular (Metinde geen yabanc kelimeler)settle = halletmek, zmek, karara balamak, conclude, resolvelunar = aya ait, ayla ilgilireconnaissance= (askeri veya bilimsel amal) keif, istihbarat toplamaorbiter= grevi yrngede dolanmak olan uzay arac, zt anl.= landerpolar = kutupsal, (polar orbit = kutuplarn zerinden geerek izlenen yrnge)probe = sonda; insansz, kk uzay arachigh-resolution neutron sensor= yksek znrlkl ntron sensrsuspected = (varolduundan) phelenilen

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deposit = rezerv, maden (vb.) yatabury= gmmek, toprak altnda brakmakdig up= kazarak kartmakscheduled for=(belli bir zaman)da (gerekletirilmek zere) programlanm /planlanm

challenging = insana meydan okuyan, zorshadowed= glge altnda; (ayn) karanlk tarafndasunlit= gne alancrater= krater (den bir meteorun oluturduu byk ukur)radioisotopethermalgenerator= radyoaktif bozunmadan aa kan enerjiyikullanarak elektrik reten jeneratr, radioisotope thermoelectric generator, RTGdecay = (radyoaktif) bozunmaleanagainst= (bir ey)e kar olmak, (bir ey)den yana olmamakcontroversial = tartma konusu olan; tartmal, ihtilafl, debatable, zt anl.=uncontroversial, unquestionableunder consideration = deerlendirilmekte olan, karar gndeminde olanhop= sramak

basin= taban, (krater iin) i ksmunevenly = eit olmayan ekilde, dengesizce, zt anl.= evenly, uniformlyfire = atelemekground-penetrating= zeminin altna inebilenlander= grevi gezegenin yzeyine inmek olan uzay arac, zt anl.= orbiterrim= kenar, border, edge

Soru 61. upset = 1) bozmak, altst etmek, disturb, disrupt; 2) zmek, sinirlendirmek, bother,afflictmanufacture = imal etmek, produce

Soru 62. existence = varlk, presence, zt anl.= absencemake no use of = kullanmamak, yararlanmamak, zt anl.= utilise, make use of

solely = sadece, tek bana, only, merely

Soru 63. essential = asl, esas, temel, zaruri, vital, crucial, fundamental, zt anl.= incidental,peripheralfacility = tesis

Soru 64. funding = finansmanextremely = arekilde, ok, maximally, zt anl.= mildly, moderately

65. - 68. Sorular (Metinde geen yabanc kelimeler)stem cell = kk hcreindefinitely = sonu gelmeyen bir ekilde, srekli, continually, zt anl.= temporarily

so-called = denilen, ad verilen (fazlaca bilinmeyen eyler iin)constantly = devaml, srekli, continually, perpetually, zt anl.= rarely, seldomrejuvenate= beslemek; canlandrmakbypass= etrafndan dolanmak, uramadan gemekclog= kan phtsheal = iyile(tir)mek, saaltmak, curewound= yara, lesionembryonic= embriyoya aitneuron= nron, sinir hcresicardiac= kalbe aitregenerate = yeniden oluturmak, regrowto date = bugne kadarlattice= kafes biimli yap, zgara

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Soru 65. reliable = gvenilir, emin, salam, trustworthy, dependable, zt anl.= unreliable

Soru 66. as regards = (bir ey)e gelince, konusunda, consideringtherapeutic = tropatik, tedavi amalman-made = insan eliyle yaplm

Soru 67. far less = ok daha azversatile = deime kabiliyeti yksek, ok ynlholdnopossibility= hibir olana olmamak, mmkn olmamak, ihtimal d olmak

Soru 68. manipulate= deitirmek, kurcalamak, fiddle with, tamper withengaged = kullanmda, alr vaziyette

69. - 72. Sorular (Metinde geen yabanc kelimeler)concentration= younluk, densityIndustrialRevolution= Sanayi Devrimi (18.yy sonunda ortaya kan younsanayileme akm)

familiar = tandk, bilinen, known, zt anl.= unfamiliar, unknowngreenhouse = seraabundance = bolluk, okluk, zt anl.= scarcityentirely = tamamen, btnyle, completely, zt anl.= partiallyunanticipated= beklenmedik, umulmadk, unforeseen, unpredictedgiven that = (bir ey)i gerek / gereklemi / olmu kabul edersekstabilisation = sabitlenme, dengelenme, steadiness, zt anl.= variationconsequence = sonu, semere, (bir eyin ardndan gelen) etki, result, effect, zt anl.=cause, sourcelandfill= arazi doldurma (plerin toprakla kartrlp ylmas)hydroxylradical= bir oksijen ve bir hidrojen atomundan oluan kimyasal grupcontribute (to) = katkda bulunmak, support, helpprevalence = yaygnlk, etkinlik, predominance, zt anl.= rarity

thunderstorm= imekli, yldrml frtnaboost = artrmak, ykseltmek, increase, zt anl.= lessen, lower, reducein turn = (o da) sonra (zincirleme bir etkinin bir aamas olarak)destroy = yok etmek, ortadan kaldrmak, exterminate, wipe out, zt anl.= preserve,restore

Soru 69. intervention = mdahale, intercessionpresence = varlk, bulunma, existence, zt anl.= absence

Soru 70. no longer = artk deil (bir durumun artk devam etmediini anlatr)level out= dengeye gelmekevenly = eit ekilde, dengeli ekilde, zt anl.= unevenly, uniformly

Soru 72. infer from = (bir ey)den anlamak / karmak, den sonu karmak, gather, deduce

73. - 76. Sorular (Metinde geen yabanc kelimeler)startling = ok artc, astonishing, amazing, zt anl.= ordinary, dulldemise= lm, yok olubeyond = tesi, d, out ofhypothesise = hipotez oluturmak, teori retmek, ne srmekimpact = arpma, hit, collisionage = a, devirsoilcoresamples= topraktaki tabakalanmay grmek amac ile karlm silindirekilli rnekglobe= yerkre

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prevalent = yaygn, ska rastlanan, common, prevailing, zt anl.= rare, uncommonlayer = tabakaclay= kilseparate =ayrmak, birbirinden uzaklatrmak, zt anl.= unifylateCretaceousperiod= Ge Kretase Dnemi (dinozorlarn yaygn olarak yaad

yaklak 100 ile 65 milyon yl ncesi dnem)sparsely = seyrek olarak, seyrek seyrekTertiaryperiod= yaklak 65 ile 1.8 milyon yl ncesi dnemextraterrestrial = dnya dndan gelenslam= iddetle (ve grlt ile) arpmakfireball= ate topustratosphere= stratosfer (troposferin zerinde yer alan atmosfer tabakas)along with = ile birlikte, yan sra, together withvast = ok byk, huge, immensedebris = dknt; yknt, enkazenshroud= rtmek, sis altnda brakmakperish= yok olmak, lmek

ensue= ardndan gelmek, follow, zt anl.= precedesettleback= kmek, kerek yerlemektelltale= veri salayan, bilgilendiriciscoffat= (bir ey) ile alay etmek, kmsemekdieout= yok olmak, ortadan kalkmak, perishgiant = devasa, ok byk, huge, gigantic, zt anl.= miniature

Soru 73. make use of = kullanmak, yararlanmak, utilise, benefit from, zt anl.= make no use of

Soru 74. supposed = gerekletii varsaylan, gerek kabul edilenextract= karmak, elde etmek, draw out

Soru 75. invade= istila etmek, saldrmak, overrun, assault, zt anl.= withdraw

well-preserved = (rnein kayann / buzun iinde) iyi korunmuthriving = istikrarl bir ekilde bymek, gelimek, prosper, flourish

Soru 76. proof = kant, delil, evidenceiridium= iridyum (ok youn, sert, gmi-beyaz bir metal)

77. - 80. Sorular (Metinde geen yabanc kelimeler)explode= patlamak, infilak etmekridge= (corafya terimi olarak) srt, kk da sraserupt= (volkan iin) patlamakviolently = ykcekilde, iddetlice, destructively, strongly, zt anl.= mildly, passivelyunstable = sabit olmayan, dengesiz, deiken, inconstant, zt anl.= stable

continentalplate= kta plakas (yerkabuunun birbirlerinden byk fay hatlar ileayrlm paralarndan her biri)rest on=zerinde bulunmakdive= dalmakbeneath = altna dorucollision = arpma, atmamolten= erimi, svlammagma= magma (yerkabuunun altndaki manto tabakasn oluturan eriyik kaya)volatile= buharlaabilendissolve= znmek, erimekrelease = salmak, serbest brakmak, discharge, liberate, zt anl.= detainaccordingly = dolaysyla, bu nedenle, so, consequentlyexplosively= aniden ve hzl bir ekilde

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to this day= bugne kadarmonitor=izlemek, takip altnda tutmak, observetremendous = muazzam, enormousloss= kayp, (loss of life = can kayb)

Soru 77. result in = (bir ey) ile sonulanmak, (bir ey)e yol amak

Soru 78. prone to = eilimli, yatkn, sensitive, susceptible, zt anl.= immune, resistanthot spot = tehlikeli blge

Soru 79. proximity= (pozisyon olarak) yaknlk

Soru 80. cease = durmak, sona ermek, stop, end, halt, quit, zt anl.= begin, continue

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