Danica Popovic - Cvetna Simbolika i Kult Relikvija u Srednjovekovnoj Srbiji

8/13/2019 Danica Popovic - Cvetna Simbolika i Kult Relikvija u Srednjovekovnoj Srbiji

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I eTHa CMM JIMKa MKyJIT peJIMKBMjay cpeznr.oaexonnoj Cp MjM

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Becenuhe ce UYCiUOUlU upouejeuiauiu ao pyoca ... Hc 35,1)

UDC 271.22(=163.41)-543.2-526.7-3675.043/.046(497.11 Zica) 12

lpeoueu paoa jecuie uyoecuo uspaciiiatee 1I6eiU06ana 2p06y CpUCK02 apxueuucxoua Jeeciuatuuja I oje

ouucyje 1be206 ocueoiuouucauIlanuno Ta eUU300apasuaiiipana j y tuupeu KOlliUeKciUy 6020C/l06CK02 uayxa

o penuseujaua 20e 1I6eiU1lacUM60/lUKa, ao ueiuadiopa061l06e :J CU6 iUa U pajcsux naceasa 3aY3UMa UCiUaKllyWo

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uaoepoiiuux cUOMe1lUKa. Y IU1bell j iUaKolje UOK Ulaj oace iipouuxue y pasnoee 3602 KOjUXce 1yoo ca lIBeiUoBUMa

36U/l0 yiipaeo ua 2p06y apXUeUUCKOUaJeeciuaiuuja.

)IUrfHje apxaerracxona Jescraraja I (1279-1286), sacnyzcaor nornasapa cpncxe :QPKBe H CBeTHTeJba, rrpeztcraarsa BeOMa 3amIM.Jl>HBH3BOpsa npoysaaarse KYJITaMommjyKO n Cp6a. To Heasaeaahyje xana ce3Ha zra je JKlffHje noreKJIO H3rrepa ,[(aHHJIa II, jeztaor on Haj3HaMeHHTHjHXJeBCTa-

THjeBHXHaCJIe,n;HHKaaa TpOH) cpncxe :QPKBe, yseaor CBeTO-ropna H OCBe,n;OqeHOr 3HaJIua xaraorparpcxor KlbIDKeBHor)l(3JlIJa.l Kaayjyha ,,)I(HTHje H )l(H3H caor ) Ba)I(eHOr nper-xozraaxa, .ll:aHHJIO nozipofiao npanosena 0 ,n;oraljajHMa KOjHqHHe xrsysay erarry Y nponecy CBeTHTeJbCKOr rrpocnasrsaIba, a TO cy ycayhe JeBCTaTHjeBo H rrOCMPTHa 36HBalba OKOlberOBor rpo6a. JeBCTaTHje je, nonyr sehaae CBeTHX Jby,n;H,npeziocerao CBOjyCMPT. OrrpoCTHO ce, CMRpeHH ca OCMeXOMaa JIHD:) , on ueJIor cafiopa BJIaCTH lberOBezryxoaaor caap) I a I b a Hnpeziao ny x CBOj y pyxe Tocnona,e. 3arnMje caxparsea, Y3 nponacae nonacra, y MPaM0PH) PaKY xojy j ece6Hynanpen npanpesrao y KaTe.n:paJIHOMxpasry - :>KWIKOjCrraCOBOj :QPKBH.Y CKJIa,n;yca YCTaJbeHHM pHTYaJIOMBe3aHHMsaCBeTHTeJbCKO npocnaersan,e, HeKOJIHKO roznma rrOCJIe ca

xpane OKO rpo6a cy ce no-rena jasrsara rrpeqy,n;Ha 3HaMe-rsa - CBeTJIOCT cneha H )l(aMOp ,,MHO)l(HHe,THcyny rJIaCO-na , YCJIe,n;HJIOje qy,n;eCHO acnersea,e HeH3JIeqHBO ofionenorsosexa, npacnenor y)I{lfqy ca qBPCTOMBepOM, KOMece JeBCTaTHje jaBHO y CH) )

Ta 36HBalba rrpeTXo,n;HJIacy BeJIHKOMqy.n:y, Kojeje, KO-JIHKO HaM je rr03HaTO, je,n;HHCTBeHrrpHMep y cprrcKoj peJIH-KBHjapHoj rrpaKCH cpe,n;lber BeKa. C 063RpOM Ha TO n a jeyrrpaBO OHO rrpe,n;MeT Hamer ome,n;a, orrHC ,n;oraljaja HaBo,n;H-MO y ueJIOCTH: ,,H rromTO cy rroqeJIa n a 6HBajy TaKBa qy,n;ecaKO n rpo6a CBeTOra, H je,n;Hora ,n;aHa Haljome KaKO cy rrpopaCJIa TpH UBeTa H3 lberOBe MPaMopHe paKe, yKpameHa rrpe,n;HBHOMJIerrOTOM H3me,n;a, a HHjeMoryne HCKa3aTH qeMYcyCJIIfqHH.Jep BaHCTHH) OHHHe 6exy o n 3eMaJbCKe BJIare HJIHo n cje,n;Hlbelba ca UBeneM, Koje paCTe H3 3eM.Jl>e; HO, jaoj qy - n a KaKO CyxH KaMeH cTojeliH YHYTpay UpKBH, o n MHororaBpeMeHa, n a ypO,n;H MRpHCHHM UBeTOBHMa,Ha 06HOBJbelbe

TeJIY rrpeocseheaoral CBH BH,n;eBmHOBO qy,n;HO B H ~ e l b epa3YMeme zta je MHJIOCTEO)l(ja na nperrozrofianaa H rrocera naH3a6paHHUHMa rseronaa. lJ;BeTHe MeTacPope 3aCT) IIJbeHecy H y Cayociiu ceeuiou apxueuucxouyJeecuiamujy xojy jeraxohe CaqHHHO ,[(aHHJIOII. TaKO ce y CTHXRpH(mac mecra)H HKOCy naparppasapajy CTHXOBHlI c 92, 12-14 ( lIpaBe,n;HHK ce 3eJIeHH xao cPHHHK, xao xeziap aa JIHBaHy yssanryjeceo KOjH cy sacaheaa y ,n;OMYI ocnomsea, 3eJIeHe ce y n BO-posmra Bora aamera ): .. . H TaKO xao cPHHHKC nponaera y,n;0MY I ocrronaea 3aca,n;HB ce , O n HOCHO rrpOUBeTaO CH y,n;0MYlberOBOMxao KpaCHHcPHHHKCsacahea y ,n;OMYI ocnozrlbeM, yMHO:>KHOCH xao xenap qe,n;a cBoja ,3 n OK y npsoj rreCMH KaHOHa CTOjH: .. . je p 3aCBeTJIH CBeTJIOCT aacjasura on3eMaJbCKe HeMoliH,a UBeT apxnjepejcxa rrpouaerannm 6oro-yroznro nojame: rrojsro I ocnozry, jep CJIaBHO rrpoCJIaBH. 4

CMHcao rrOMeH) THXHCKa3a H) )I(HOje carnezrasara aaruapesrIIJIaH) ,y OKBRpHMacpeaa-oaexosae TeOJIOrHje peJIH-KBHja,y KOjOjUBeTHa CHM60JIHKaHMa 3HaQajH) ynory, EJIH-CKa aesa M e ~ yCBeTHTeJbCKHXMomTHjy H naeha BO n H rropeKJIO jour on MapTRpOJIOmKe rpaznntaje H rroxaaa aa CXBa-Talby n a je aefiecxo 06HTaBaJIHmre MyqeHHKapajcxa locusamoenus BpTca H3BOpOMcaezce sone, 6yjHHM pacrarsea H06HJbeM uneha.> .ll:06po je rr03HaTO zta je TaKBa BH3Hjapara-deisos a - xao BpCTa peKOHCTpYKUHjeEnencxor spra, asry-6JbeHOr A,n;aMoBHMrra,n;OM, H BH n aarananauaje 6y.n:ynerpajcxor nacersa - npencranrsana ormrre MeCTO sasaarajcseTpa,n;HUHje. OHa je CBOj II) H H3pa3 aanma y MaHaCTHpCKHMBpTOBHMa,3aMHillJbeHHMxao 3eMaJbCKa CJIHKa aazmetiecja,aa qHjHM ce UBeTHHM,MRpHCHHMnorsaaa aacrarsyjy rrpaBe,n;HHUH.6 Illrasame, pes 1 t a p a O E l . O O ~noaexaa je, KaO y

1 Ilauuno Ilpyeu. }[ U8oiUu pameea U apxueuucxoaa CpUcKWC ed.r. MaK ,n:aHHje.rr,,n:. Ilerposah, Beorpan 1988, 192-212; 0 apxaenacxorryJeBCTaTHjy I V. n. Cnejerrseaah, HciUopuja Cpucxe upaeocnaeue upsee I,Beorpan 1991, 149-150; sa OCHOBHenonarxe 0 tseroaosr KYJITY v. II. IIaBJIOBHli, KYfliUo6U nuua KOO Cp6a U Maxeoouaua Csreztepeso 1965,79-81.

2 J aHWlO J pyzu 207-210; 0 PHT llJIHMll Be3aHHM3a CBeTIlTeJbCKOrrpoCJIaBJbaIbe v. n: IIOIIOBHli, Iloo OK[ U beM c6eiUociUu. KYfliU c6eiUux6Jlaoapa UpeJlUK6Uja y cpeolb06eK06HojCp6uju .6eorpa,n;2006, passim (ca6H6mmrpa


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CII. 1. Tlehxa ilaillpujapwuja, upxea Ceetuoe / UMuillpuja capxotpaeapxueuucxoua HUKooUMa

)J uwujy ceeiuoe JIyKe Ctuupuca. CHIlOHMMsa MaHaCTHpCKHBpT.7 Mehy I\BeTOBHManocefiao cHIDKHYCHM60.lIH lKYCHaryHMaJIH cy KpHll H pysca, KOjH cy csrarpaaa pajCKHM 6H J1>eMI\BeneM M) IeHHIIlTBa, xao H qe;:uIOCTH.8 Y paaoj xpamhaaCKOj ersereaa qeCTO ce KOpHCTHI\BeTHa MeraaHOMacxasyjyha YBe-perse zta je IIOKOjHMKBenrrpanpesosea sa 6Y.L\YhHBaCKpC MpTBHX.9Kpajaa IIOCJIe.L\Hu:aTaKBHXcxsararsa jecre IIOHCTOBe-ooBalhe M) IeHHKa ca I\BeTOBHMa - OHM IIOCTajy floresmartyrum, a IhHXOBareJIa craryc pajcxax I\BeTOBa.lO

IIpo6JIeM O L\HOCapeJIHKBHjaH nseha ofiyxsara HeKO-JIHKOaCIIeKaTa BaJKHHXsapasyaesaa,e eIIH30.L\eaa rpo y apXHeIIHCKOIIa JeBCTaTHja.C 60rOCJIOBCKOr CTaHOBHIIITaaaj-6HTHMjeje cxsararse, .L\Y60KOysoperseao y aHTHqKOMcsery,npessa xojexje usehe aCOI\HjaI\Hjana CMpTH IIOHOBHOpoheIhe.Ta aaeja 0 MohH naeha na ce npeofipaacaaa, 0 rrO.L\MJIaijH-BalhYH 06HOBH )l(HBOTa, HaIIIJIa je CBOj rrya H3paJ Y CJIO)l(e-HOM H BeOMa IIorryJIapHOM06pe.L\Y nponehaax dies rosationes, KM a cy rp060BH npenaxa YKpaIIIaBaHHI\BeneM.ll XpHCTHjaHH30BaHH06JIHKTor cxsararsa ztofipo anycrpyjy pesarrpopoxa Hcaaje 66, 14 : BHLUenereH ofipanosahe ce cpneBaIIIe H KOCTHhe ce BaIIIe rrOMJIMHTHxao rpasa. He rpefianocefiao HarJIaIIIaBaTH.L\ace .L\OrMaT0 nacspcy JbY.L\CKOrpo -zta, oxroryhea KpCHOMcMpny XpHCTOBOM,0 rrOHOBHOMpoheIh y H BeqHOM)l(HBory, HaJIaJH Y CaMOMCpe.L\HIIIryXpHIIIliaHcxor aayxa, To ce O L\HOCHH aa CY.L\6HHYH csojcrsa sacspCJIor TeJIa, je.L\HO O L\mrraaa xpamhaacxe erserese 0 xojaaace MHoro pacnpaarsano.ts

Heo.L\BojHBH acnexr npotineesaraxe j ecr e H


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Cn. 2. Ilehxa uaii tpujapmuja IpK6a C eUtOZ / wwuii:tpuja,capxoibae apxueuucxoua Husoouua oeUta rb 60tme ciupaue

je 6HTHO ztonpaneo YCIIoCTaBJbalbY 60rOCJIOBCKHX oxanpanayxa 0 finaroyxarsy, 06p83JIaraO ,IJ;a cy MHOMllpHCH cpeztCTBO rrperrosaaaarsa EO:IKjer 6JIarOCJIOBa, npHMalba oTKpHBe b H lberOBOr oztanrarsarsa y CBeT,KaO npHJIHKOM CHJIaCKaCBeTOr , l t rxa na arrOCTOJIe J 5 H a THM OCHOBaMa IIOqHBaJIO jeH cxsaraae xpamhaacxe nyme KaO spra KOjH he, aaxaarsy jy-li H 60:>KaHCKOjxpaaa, IIpOUBeTaTH H ll;OHeTH IIJIO ll;OBe J6

Pajcxo-ecxaronomxa CHM6oJIHKa, Ka IJ;a je 0 UBeTOBHMa H MHOMHpHCHMa pes, HMaJIa je saaxajnyynory H y K YJ Ir ypenaxaaja, Bnaroyxarse je , nofipo ce 3Ha, 6HJIO jeztao oztKJbyqHHX IIOK83aTeJba CBeTOCTH OHO je CMaTpaHO MHOMHpHCOM :lKHBOTa H 3HaMelbeM EO:IKjer rrpacycrsa. CJIHqaH, rpaacneanearaa csracao HMaJIe c y H OCTaJIe IIoje,ll;HHOCTHIIOBe3aHe ca 06pe,ll;OM elevatio H depositio MOIIImjy: 6JIHCTaBH IIOJIHXpOMaH y x pa c x o sse ra , p83JIlfqHTa MHpHcHa yrsa Hapossara, cxynoneaa IIOKpOBH aa MOIIITH, xa o H usehe xojece IIOJIaraJIO aa rpofi. ? Pes je 0 IIOjaBH xojy cy HCTpa:IKHBaqH, C ,ll;06pHM pa3JI03HMa, npeII03HaJIH xa o HapOqHTY BpCrypeJIHrH03HOr CeH3H6HJIHTeTa,KOjH IIOpeKJIO HMa y KaCHoaHTlfqKOM CBeTy H lberOBOM HarJIameHOM a4JHHHTeTy npesra

naehy, japKHM 60jaMa H JIYMHH03HHMe4JeKTHMa. Ilpaxsarajyha r y eCTeTHKY H ztosozreha y 6JIHCKYBe3Y uaehe ca xpnrsy H KOCTHMa MyqeHHKa, XpHIIIhaHH cy CTeKJIH anejaeOCHOBe aJIH H oziroaapajyha KOHTeKCT KOjH je ossoryhao nace 3eMHH OCTaUH CBeTHX rrpeofipase y peJIHKBlfje. 18

Tpe6a, Haj3a IJ; IIoMeHYTH jOIII jenay panaa saaxersaHaIIIe TeMe. Pes je 0 nsehy xa o 0 MeTa4JopH IIo6o:IKHOCTH, sp -JIHHeH aCKeTCKHXnpezmocra, MHOMHpHC BpJIHHe , npeuaJOBaHY 3JIaTOyCTOM, IIOTHqe O ll; r pa a a x oj e HHCy IIpOH3BO ll;3eMJbe, neh cy H3HHKJIeH3 BpJIHHe IIITO He aene H IIITO saysexUBeTa.J 9 Ta BpCTa finaroyxarsa npOHCXO ll;HH3 XpHIIIhaHCKHXBpJIHHa H IIO,ll;BHra - IIo6o:IKHocm, ztofiponerersa, IIOCTa HMOJIHTBe- a HapOqHTOH3 MOHaIIIKOr aaxaaa :lKHBOTa BeaaH M e ~ yfinaroyxarsa, UBeTHe CHM60JIHKe H aCKeTH3Ma npen

CTaBJba ocofiea TOIIOC BeOMa nonynapaa y XpHIIInaHCKoj JIHreparypa. OH T a K O ~ eHMa csoje 6H6JIHjcKe npezuronrxe, xa -KBH cy Hcanja 35, 1 (, pa,IJ;oBahe ce TOMe rrycrmsa H sesosa

cacymena, BeCeJIHhece rryCTOIII H IIpoUBjeTaTHKaOpY:IKa ) HIl c 107,35 ( O H upersapa nycrarsy y jesepa, H cyxy 3eMJbYy H3BOpe soneae ). TaKO ce TeoKTHcT Cry,ll;HTCKH II03HBaynpaao aa reKCT Il c 107, 35 Ka IJ;a onacyje ofipezt eneaanajeM o m m j y narpajapxa Araaacaja I QapHrpa,IJ;CKOr, rasaajeqy.n:OTBopelba xoja cy ce TOMnpHJIHKOM 36HJIa.20 Ilojau rry-

crmse erserere TYMaqe aa IIpHBH):\HO IIapa IJ;OKCaJIaH HaqHH,xa o aHaxOpeTCKH pa j H npOCTOP 06HJba Y xojea UBeTa MHOIIITBOUBeTOBa- IIITO je MeTa4Jopa MOHaxa H IbHXOBHXBpJIHHa. 21 lIOCTOjH MHoro npaxepa, PeUHMo, rrarpnjapx I1rIbaTH-je (IX BeK) 6HO je , xa o MJIa IJ; MOHax, ,,3acal)eH y a:OMY60:>KjeMxa o MJIa,IJ;Hua H, IIOIIITO je ,,UBeTao y 60pHJIHIIIry MOHaIIIKor:lKHBOTa , lberOB IIO,ll;BHr BpJIO je 6P30 ypOMO IIJIO ll;OM 22

Ilpeva cseztoaersy JOBaHa Kacajana, ana Mojcaje, yrnezmarryCTHIbCKH oran , M e ~ yOHHM ll;HBHHMUBeTOBHMa onasao jeHapOqHTO npajaraa MHpHC aaxsarsyjyha nonjezraaxo H CBOjH M aKTHBHHM H CBOjHM KOHTeMIIJIaTHBHHM BPJIHHaMa .2 3

CJIHqHe IIopYKe H3HOCH H Je4JpeM CHpHH ys IIOMon eyre-cmBHHX IIOeTCKHX CJIHKa: OIIHCyjyliH eIIHTHMHjy rpahaaaHHHHBe, Je


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CII 3. Ilehxa uatupujapiuuja, upxea Ceetuoe Iluuutupuja, capxotpae Y3jy; ICHU3UO, eopna UIIo la

PUl/CK02 rseroae MOillrn nopene ca KIHfHOM finaroyxaHHM ,26 3a Hac je aaposrrro 3aHHM.JliliBonac 3HaMelha aarpooy CBeTOr JOaKHMa Ocoroacxor je p npencraarsa Herrocpeznry ananorajy aa qy,u:ecHY06jaBy MOillTHjy apXHeIIHCKO-ITa JeBCTaTHja. Xaraorpadi, HaMMe, npanoaena ztace y TpeHYTKY06jaBJbHBalha JoaKHMOBor rena 3eMJba noznrrna, arpof OKpy)KHOMHorHM MHOMHPHCHHMl\BeTOBHMa.27 CJIHqaH peneproap ronoca 3aCTYIIJbeHje penaao H y C/ly;JIC6uiipeuocy MOUlUlUjy uaue Knuueniiia PUMCK02 KJIHMeHToBeMOillTHTYce nopene ca ,u:HBHHMpajcxaa nnehea , nseheaxoje je H3pacJIO H nponnerano y pajcxosr BPTY .28

Y cpncxoj cpenaaa re aaeje MOry ce rrparara on speMeHa cneror Cane H Crediaaa I I p B O B e ~ a H o rnaxne on pas

,u:06Jba ycnocraarsaaa KYJITa IhHXOBoroua, ponoaaxenaaxa,u:HHaernje.29 Crora je caCBHM pa3YMJbHBOTO urro MornB JIO-se H rsenax H3,u:aHaKa, l\BeTOBaH IIJIo,u:OBaBeny aajpaaajevpa3,u:06JbY ,u:p)KaBHOCTHnocraje qHHHJIaQ ananapcxe H,u:eo-noraje. HaHMe, M e T a < l > o p ~ H H MH3je,u:HaqaaalheM HeuarsaHe naaacraje CJI030M narnanrasana ce aneja 0 CBeTOpO,u:HO-er n H 60rOH3a6paHOCTH ,u:HHaCTHje.30 Taso y C/ly;JIC6u cee-UlOM CUMeOllY Caaa KOpHCTHzme noercxe CJIHKe xoje cy cerrOTOMpe,u:OBHO nojasrsaaane y rrpOCJIaBHHM CaCTaBHMarroCBeneHHMcprrcxaa CBeTHM.Jezmaje yofiasajesra rraparppasaI Ic 92 12 14 0 rrpOl\BeTaJIOMHHHKYH xezrpy JIHBaHCKOM,aJIH nocrasrseaa y ocofiea KOHTeKCT:IhHXOBpacr Huaeraa,ey CJIY)K6Hcy MHO)Kelha qe,u:a CHMeoHoBHx,nrro 3HaqH ,u:H-aacraje H OTaqaCTBa . C J I ~ a Hcsracao HMajy H cneneha

CTHXOBH're cJIY)K6e: .. . KaO MHoroIIJIo,u:Ha JI03arpoan rrponsera one CHMeOHe. 31 Kaaa je pes 0 CBeTOM CHMeOHYspenno je HamaCHTH - nneja JI03e H lheHor )KHBOTBOpHorpacra ,u:06HJIa je csoje OTeJIOTBOpelhe, a TO cy CTBapHe JI03errponserane OKOCHMeOHOBOrC T Y u e H ~ K o rH XHJIaH,u:apCKorrpofia. Xanaanapcxoj, xoja je npeacanena CTOJIena, no nama x ztana npanacyjy ce xynoraopaa HCl\eJIHTeJbCKa CBOj-CTBa.32 H Crepaa I I p O e ~ HCTapHjH CHMeOHOB CHH HHaCJIe,u:HHKaa rrpeCTOJIY, onanrarse HCTOBeTHe nopyxe Y rroXBaJIHyrpahenoj y [ uUluje ceeiuoe Cuueona: Pa,u:yj ce,pa KOjHBeKyjeill, KpaCHH H ,u:HBHH Pa,u:yj ce, l\BeTeBepeHe6eCHora BpTOrpa,u:a Pa,u:yj ce, JI030 ,u:06pOIIJIo,u:Ha,Koja HaMHCTHqe BeceJbe I I p B O B e ~ a H HHerrporrymTa, KaoHHCaBa, u:a l\BeTHY CHM60JIHKY HHCTpYMeHTaJIH3yjeH CTaBH Y cJIY-)K6y OTaqaCTBa : Pa,u:yj ce, CBeTJIOJIHqHHl\BeTe, KOjHCH ceH a o p ~ a oCHJIOM KpCHOMH o p ~ j e MHerr06e,u:HHM,u:a6pa-

72 HHill CTa u O cBoje o u ByKoBa,KOjHHarra,u:ajy HaIh y CBaKOBpe-

Me. 33Tpe6a T a K O ~ eHarJIaCHTHna je Hje,u:HOMH npyroa IIHCl\Y6HJIa ,u:06po rrosaara azteja MOHaillKenycraa,e, O J I ~ e H e

y ATOCY, qHjH cy aTpH6YTHnseraa e finaroyxarse H CBeTJIO-CHO osaperse. IIpBOBeHqaHHje onacyje KaO paBHY JIHBa,u:y,xpacay H3me,u:OM, neny crsopeaea ycpen xoje ce HaJIa3H ,u:pBO ,u:HBHO,OKpyrJIaCTOrpanaaa rryHHMmnnha,npeyxpameao l\BeneM H nyao IIJIo,u:a, 6JIarH MRpHC 0,u:ajyhH .34 Taj

. paJCKH rrpeneo nepnarrapa ce HHTeH3HBHO, YMHHMOqHMaH rrpeMY,u:pHM qYJIHMa , KOjH cy cpencrso xpmnhaacsecnosaaje H IIYTxa cycpery C 60)KaHCKHM.35 Y lheMY MOHaxCana 06HTaBa KaO rrycrnHoJby6HBa rpnaua aJIH H xao

26 H. MBaHOB Bb/l2apCKUcmapuuu U3 MaKeooHUJI, CO


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H3,n:aHaK on IDIO,n:alberOBOr (CHMeOHa Hesrarse) H IJ;BeT oztxopena lberOBOr, a je H ,n:06PH MHPHC .36

M I103HHjH CPIlCKH I1HCIJ;H 06HJIaTO cy KOPHCTHJIH TOI1HKYI10Be3aHY ca H,n:ejoM 0 qy,n:eCHOM IJ;BeTalbYH npeofipa)KaBalbY MaTepHje. Je,n:HO on najynesarrsaaajax JIHrepapHHXyofinasersa Te MHCJIHcanpace OIlHCH06jaBJDHBalbaMomTHjy

CBeTOr CHMeOHa KO n: )J;OMeHTHjaHaH Teonocaja, Ilonrro ceCana ycpnao I10MOJIHOBory na ,,06HOBH cyxe KOCTH ,36HJIOce qy,n:o: .. . H3 cyxax KOCTHjyH H3 TBp,n:or KaMeHaMpaMOpaa I1OTeKOme finaronarne none , He CaMO H3 CBeTHX MOnrrajy Hero H H3 cyxor xasreaa H xpesa rne 6eme aa 3H):(yaa -CJIHKaHJIHK CBeTOra. 37 MCTO aaaseae HMajy H CTHXOBHTeoztocnjese C/lY:JIC6e C6eWOM CUMe01IY KOjH aa Pa3JIHqHT aa -qHH sapapajy H,n:ejy IJ;BeTIlIbay XPHCl) , ys I103HBalbe aareKCTH3 Qew6pwe KlbuzeMojcujeee (17, 8),0 xynecac I1POIJ;BeTaJIOj ApOHOBOjIIaJIHIJ;H.38 TaKBH TOIlOCH,KOjH rosope 0O)KHBOTBOpeIbY He)KHBeTBapH, OMHJDeH cy MOTHBxpamhaa-CKe JIHTepaTYPe, HapOqHTO acxercxe, Ta j CMHcao HMa, aanpmrep, errasona H3 )KHBOTa JOBaHa MCHXaCTe y KOjOj cenpnrroaena 0 CMOKBHmTO je , saxnarsyjyha MOJIHTBHnycrn-

rsaxa, H3HHKJIa H3 cyne, 6e3Bo,n:He CTeHe. PeqHT je H KOMeHTap norahaja KOjHnaje KHpHJI CKHTOIlOJDCKH,rrHCaIJ; )KHTHja:nasozreha, xao 6H6JIHjCKH06pa3aIJ;, rrpHIIOBeCT0 rrponneranoj ApOHOBOjI1aJIHIJ;H,OHTO qy,n:o BH,n:Hxao 3HaK na je JOBaHY MCHXaCTH,MHJIOmhy EO)KjOM,ztozterseao 06HTaBaJIHillTey He6eCKOM KpaJDeBCTBy.39

l I ~ Oanrnrraaaae cpe,n:IbOBeKOBHHX CpIlCKHXTeKCTOBa BO,[(HJIO6H 3aKJDyqKy zta OHH canpxe CBe rrOMeHYTe6HTHepaBHHaaasersa IJ;BeTHe CHM60JIHKe.Y6e,[(JDHBOnajsaCTYJI.lDeHHjecy napadipase Il c 92, 12-14,0 rrpaaezmaxy KOjHce 3eJIeHH KaO cPHHHK H ysaanryje xao xeztap JIHBaHCKH. 3aaama pasaarpaaa CBaKaKOje ozt saaxaja Ben O,n:aBHO H3HeTOsanazcarse HCTpa)KHBaqa0 'rosreztace y CTapOCJIOBeHcKoMje3HKYpe s pun CHHOHHMsa rpsxy pen pUllUK, KOpHCTHKaO03HaKaaa onnrra I10jaM IJ;BeTa. 40 Hnax naparppase rrOMeHYTo r ncamra HHKa,n:a HHCy H,n:eHTHqHe, HarrpOTHB- IbHXOBHHarJIaCIJ;H Pa3JIHqHTH cy KaKO rro Ca,n:P)KHHHTaKO H rro cPYHKIJ;HjH.Ha npaaep, CTHXOBHC/lY:JIC6e iipenocy uouuuujy C6e-tuo Caee aoce CHa)KHY H,n:eOJIOmKy nopyxy je p I1CaJIaMCKH HCKaJ nenocpezmo aesyjy aa YMHo)KaBalbe qe,n:a CBOjHX .41 CTHXOBHC/lY:JIC6e ycuyhy ceeuioea Caee jo m cy eKCIDIHIJ;HTHHjH:rrpoueeraanra xao cPHHHKy ,n:OMYI ocnoznsesr,Casa je He CaMO rrp0IJ;BeTaO ,n:06po,n:eTeJl,HMa Ben je H CBOMe OTaqaCTBY ztao xpany 6eCMPTHOCTH .42Cnaxae MHCJIH canpacaae cy H y C/lY:JIC6u C6eW OM xpaey MWlyWUHy:xao cPHHHKH xeztap JIHBaHCKHKpaJD je YMH0)KHOrsyzte CBOje , a raxohe ,,06HTeJDH MHore HHOIJ;HMacaCTaBHO jecre ,43mTO I1pe,n:CTaBJDa

aenocpenayanysajy aa lberoBe ,n:06porro

saare KTHTOpCKesacnyre.

qHHH ce HrraK,n:a ce CTHXOBHl I c 92,12-14, HajqemneBe3yjy 3a ,n:06po,n:eTeJD , rr060)KHOCT H BpJIHHCKH )KHBOT.MO)K,[(aHHje crryqajHo TO l iTO ce TaKBe arry3HjeyqecTaJIo rrojaBJDyjy y rrpOCJIaBHHM CaCTaBHMarroCBeneHHM I10rrraBapHMa cprrcKe IJ;pKBe, aJIHH yrJIe,n:HHMaCKeTaMa. TaKo je CBeTHCaBa K ao ,n:06pOMHpHCHHKpHH I1popacTao MHpHCHMarro60)KHOCTH ,44 apxHeIlHcKoIl HHKO,n:HM rrpOIJ;BeTaO je Kao JIerrOpaCJIH cPHHHK H KpHH 6JIarOBOHH je p ce y,n:aJDHOo n: HeqHCTOTa IDIOTCKHX ,45 n:OK je I1aTpHjapx JecPpeM rrpoIJ;BeTaO ,,.n:apoBe ,n:yxoBHe rrpHHocenH ; 3aHHMJDHBOje HCTahHTo,n:a je y I10CJIe,n:lbeMCacTaBy pacwy H 1I6ewalbY cyrrpOTCTaBJDeH I10jaM y6eHyna: .. . CTpaCHa Y36yijelba YBeHYo je

CH, KpajlbHM CMRpeHOYMJDeM. 46Ha HCTOBeTaH HaqHH, rrocpe,n:CTBOM I1CaJIaMCKHX CTHXOBa . .. j ep 3acal)eH y ,n:OMYEO)KjeMYrrpOIJ;BeTa rrpaBe,n:HO,Kao Ke,n:ap y rryCTHlbH ), OIIH-

C/ . 4. Jbytioctuuna capxodiae ilpuilucaH uo xutsu Jednsuuju

cyje ce Mepa ztocernyre BpJIHHe caeror Ilerpa Kopamxor H

CBeTOr JoaHHKHja )J;eBHqKOr, zrsojane yrJIe,n:HHXrrycrmsaxa,qHja c J I ~ 6 aca):(p)KHH paspany OCHOBHe resre: K ao zrpao,ose sacaheao np a H3BOpHMasozr rrpOIJ;BeTaO jeca xao xenap aa JIHBaHY ,n:06po,n:ereJDHMa 60)KaCTBeHHM. 47

Ilaerarse xao MeTacPopa ,n:06po,n:eTeJDH, BpJIHHe H MOHaIDKOr noztanra He rroseayje ce CaMO ca Il c 92, 12-14. Ycpe,n:IbOBeKOBHHMCpIlCKHMCaCTaBHMa raj MOTHBOIIHCaHjeys rroxoh paJHOJIHKHX, neno y06JIHqeHHX I10eTCKHXCJIHKa.Taxo ce y C/lY:JIC6u c6eiUOMKpG fbY MWlyWUHy roaopn 0 rrpeKpacHoM nsehy 6JIaroqamha , IJ;BeTOBHMaPa3JIHqHHMMHOrOJIHKe ztofiponerersa xparsese, aJIH H 0 pajy H xpaCHOM KpHHY , PY)KH ra ja a cr sea o j x o ja IJ;BeTa ,n:06po,n:eTe-

36 CeetuuCaea Cabpauucuucu ed. n Bomaaosah, Beorpazt1986,109.37 J(oMelliUujall. )f(u80iU ceetuoeaCaee u )f(UBoiU ceeiuoea CUMeo-

1lQ ed. P. MapHHKOBHIi,Beorpazt 1988, 108-110; Teooocuje. f uiUuja, ed. n Eor,/\lU OBH h,Beorpan 1988, 152-154.

38 Teooocuje Xunanoapau 0lY::HC6a ceemoue CUMeOllY, in: Cp6lbaK 1 189 191 192 201.

39 Cyri l o Scythopolis. The Lives o the Monks o Palestine, ed. R.M. Price, J. Binns, Kalamazoo 1991,239; ,,.I\Rp Hefiecxor sparsescraa ,IlJIeMa MHIIlJDelDY H3,/\aaaqaKHpHJIliCKlITOrrOJI,CKOr,eKBHBaJIeHTaHje ,/\aPYparresia-e, KOjHTaj I I H C ~rrOMHlDeY lKHBOTOIIHCHMacaeror JeBTHMHjaH caeror Case Ocaeheaor, v. ibid., 244, aarr, 28; BaJKHO je narnacrrra na jeynpaso OBa CMeJIOCT rosopa Y ofipahaisy Bory, TO jeer HapOQHTa 6JIHCKOCT ca C


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74

10 ;.OCm

CIl. 5. Ctuyoenuua uaoepotiua UIlo lll MOHaXUIt>eAHe Auaciuacuje

JbHMa .4S Tparopaje ~ 6 J I l unopena Crediaaa ,[{eqaHCKOrca D;BeTOM ~ 0 6 p O ~ e T e J b HH a B O ~ Hzta je OH,,KpaCaH OTa

qaCTBY CBOMe BaCeJbeHH 6JIarOD;BeTaH .49 Ynpaaasasaa,expanrhaacxax BpJIHHa, ztofipo je nosaaro, HMa BpXYHCKH ~ O -MeT Y MOHaIIIKOM HaqHHY )I(HBOTa, a sapo-nrro aCKeTCKOM.

MOHaIIIKH r r O ~ B H 3 H OMaJaK Y rryCTHlbY crora cy KaKO

je Ben HCTaKHYTO,jenaa O ~maBHHX H3Bopa pajcxor 6JIaroyxarsa nnerarsa. H a B O ~ H M OHeKOJIHKO ozrafipaaax npasrepa 3 orryca Teoztocnja X H J I ~ a p D ; a- KOjH je O q M T J I e ~ H O ,

61 10 nocefino CKJIOH TaKBoj BpCTH MeTaopa - xao norspnyzta je TO cxnararse nocrojano y cpncxoj Cpe)UfHH. ,[{aKJIe,npexa Teonocajy, Caxeoaje Kao r rynorsax CKpOBHTHrrpoD;BeTaO rromnelbeM 50 OH je pajy yszrpacarsa CMHpelbeMnpouaerao, Y lbeMY MHomTBO HHOKa ~ 0 6 p o ~ e T e J b H M aMHOrOJIHKHM M H o r o I I J I O ~ H H M arroxasao .51 HapOqHTO paay

ljeHY 60rOCJIOBCKH yseay CHM60JIHKy uaerarsa pacra ra jIIHCau; acxasyje y Iloxeanu ceeiuou CUMeoHy U ceeiuou Ca -6U 3a Casy Cpncxor H a B O ~ Hna BaCrrHTaHHK rrycrarse rroC T ~ e ; q e ~ onocnynrarsa, H 3 ~ a H a KMomaHHja rpana Y 3 ~ -)I(JbHBOCm, D;BeT nomhersa, I I J I O ~csrepnocrn, rsyfiaarsy MHJIOcpljeM ycaBpmeH .52 He Malbe canpscajaa jecre o-xeana ceeiuou CUMeoHy: P ~ jce .. . finarosamha f iorocal jeHo ~ B Onp a .L\YX0BHHMB O ~ a M ananajaao, KOjH CH I I J I O ~CBOj, Caay, jonr y BpeMe 3eMaJbCKOr )I(HBOTa, rrOCJIeHHKyXpHCTY ztao, D;BeTKOjH on rroserxa qHCTOTOMM J I ~ O C T HCBeTJIHje on r sar saaa c ja jeha jasa ce, npajaraa Ml IpHC H H ~CBHX MHoMRpHca, cseronrhy zryme y r o ~ a H 5 3

Ta j MHpHC H 3 H ~CBHX MHpHCa 0 KojeM rosopa Teo

nocaje yxasyje aa 1i0) I(je rrpHCyCTBO jacaa je 03HaKa CBeTO-cm . Ka o nrro CMO Ben HCTaKJIH, nenory naeha, 06HJbe IIJIO~ O B a ,finaroyxarse CBeTJIOCHO osapetse xpamhaacxa rHOCeOJIOrHjaTYMaqH xa o 06paJ paja a IbHXOBy nepuernrajy xa ocpencrno zta ce qyJIHHM HCKYCTBOMcnoaaa sanra HCTHHa,OHa xoja ce ~ o 6 H j aOTKpHBelbeM IiO)I(jOM MHJIOmhy.54 Ha

rnameaajerasohe KJbyqHa ynora xojy cy y KyJITY CBeTHTeJbCKHXMomTHjy HMaJIe D;BeTHa CBeTJIOCHa CHM6oJIHKa, a aaPOqHTO 6JIaroyxalbe. Yxasyjeao na nexe crape cpncxe TeKCTOBe KOjH HJIYCTpyjy PaJJIlfqHTe acnexre TOr HaYKa. Kanarosopa 0 rrpOCJIaBH crrosreaa apxaenacsona Apceaaja, ,[{aHHJIO I I xasce: CBeTJIOmny 60)I(aCTBeHOM oneaea, finaroyxarsea D;BeTaJIH ,55 ~ O KK O ~Mapxa Ilehxor KOjH rrpocnasrsa apxaenacxona H H K o ~ H M aCTOjHzta OH,TO j ee r lberOBe

MomTH, D;BeTOBHMa~ o 6 p o r r o 6 e ~ H H MJIHD;a ofinaroyxasa

6JIarOqaCTHBHx .56

Oziafipaae noercx e CJIHKe y Be3H CTOMTeMOM cpehy ce y cpncxoj KlhIDKeBHocm HaKOH KOCOBCKe6HTKe, xana BJIanap MyqeHHK nocraje OCHOBHHCBeTHTeJbCKH M O ~ e J I . 5 7TaKOI'paropnje IJ;aM6JIaK rr03HBa MyqeHHKOJbyrrD;e zta y6epy D;BeT nofiponerersa - Crediaaa ,[{eqaHCKOr - oseaxajyra ~ 0 6 P O C K J I ~ H H MD;BeTOBHMa .58 MomTH ,[{eqaHCKOr ra jIIHCau; name nyr a nopezra ca naehex, nosesyjyha HX HCTOBpeMeHO ca CBeTJIOCHHM oaapersesc [{aHac ce D;pKBa osapaaa crpacrorpnua JIyqaMa KaO D;BeTOBHMaMOillTHMa yxpa-

48 J aHUIIO EaRoCKU. Clly:JIC6ac6eiUoMe KPQ./bYMwryiUUHy, in: Cp-6/baK 2 99 115, 117.

49l pu2opuje llasdina. Clly:JIC6a c6eiUoM KPQ./bYCiUerjJaHyJ ewlH-CKOM,in: Cp6/baK 2 309 325.

5 Teooocuje Xunanoapau. Clly:JIC6a c6eiUoMe CUMeOHy, in: Cp-6/baK 1, 193.

5 Teooocuje Xunauoapau. 3ajeoHU lKU KaHOHc6eiUoMe CUMeOHyUc6eiUoMeCa6U HO OCaM 2/laC06a, in: Cp6JbaK 1, 375.

52 Teooocuje. Cff) :JIC6e. KaHOllU U Iloxeana ed. E. JOBllHOeah Crarrseaah Beorpazt 1988, 240.

53 Ibid 248.54 V. Han. 33.55 J aHWlO Ilehsu. Clly:JIC6a c6eiUoM apxueuucxouy Apceuujy in:

Cpti/ea 2, 41.56 MapKO Tlehsu. Clly:JIC6a c6eiUoMapxueiiucxoiiy HUKOOUMY,in:

Cp6/baK 2, 241. ):(. IIOIIOBHh Ceeiuu KPQ./b tuetpa J e laHCKU, in: eadem, I loo

OKpu/beM c6eiUociUu, 162-172; S. Marjanovic-Dusanic, Patterns Mar-tyrial Sanct ity in the Royal Ideology Medieval Serbia. Continuity and

Change, Balcanica 37 (2006) 69 79; eadem, Ceeuiu KPQ./b. KYlliU CiUerjJa-HaJ ellaHCKOZ,Beorpan 2007 361 368 (ca CBOM CTapHjOM mrreparypou).58l pu2opuje Llasdina Cff) :JIC6ac6eiUoM KPQ./bYCuiediauy Ileuan-

CKOM,in: Cp6/baK 2 309 325.


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IIIaBaHa y necersy XBaJIH ce ; 3aTIlM, HCTIl Iy h H M) IeHH lKHIf J;eHTIITeT )l;eqaHCKOr, OH KaJKe: J e p M e ~ yBaMa H3paCTe

KaO npao KaO pyzca 6JIarOBOHa H can M e ~ yM I e H ~ H M aKaOsaeszra CBeTJIa rrpeocHjaBa. 59

CJIH lHe arpafiyre HMaJIe c y H MOIIITH CBeTOr KHe3aJlasapa. Y lberOBOM )KHTHjy OHe ce nopene ca I IIHIIKOM no6pOMllpHCHHM ,60 a y rrOXBaJIH ca KpHHOM H xezrposr JIHBaHCKHM .61 PeTOPCKH aajpaasnjeaaje CJIHKe CTBOpHO je nacanCayociie ceeuiou nesy Jlasapy KOjH KaJKe KaKO je OH c a -6pao MHOIIITBO IIBeTOJIHKHX .n;06PO.n;eTelliH , n OK KHe)KeBe

MOIIITH onncyje na cneneha HaqHH: , ,Kao pyzca 6arpeHOJIHKaH jafiyxa 6JIarOBOHa H xao KpHH rrOlliCKH H xao MlIpO finaroBOHO rp06HHIIa rsoja, Jlasape, ofinaroyxasajyha Ha c seceJIH .62 KPHH H pyzca 6H ce , 3 6 0 r caor 3Haqelba,63 y OBOM cnysajy BepOBaTHO M o m H TYMaqHTII xao MeTa4>ope JlasapeaorM) IeHHIIITBa. Hnax, TPe6a HMaTH na YMY na c y caCBHMCJIH lHe necmrsxe CJIHKe 6HJIe 3aCTYII.lbeHe H y rrpOCJIaBHHMCaCTaBHMa KOjH HHCy 6HJIH nocseheaa M I e H ~ H M a ,a KOjHc y HaCTaJIH y nocneznsea pasztofiny cpncxe .n;p KaBHOCTII.Ilpaxepa pazta, rracau Clly:JIC6e iipeuocy MOWWUjyceeiuoeJIyKe onacyje Te peJIHKBHje KaO p a j KpaCHH KOjH o.n;HIIIeMHOMHpHCHMa pa3JIH lHTOr IIBelia. 64 Y Iloeectuu 0 iipeuocyMOWWUjyceeiuoe JIyKe y Cueoepeeo TBp.n;H ce .n;a c y OHeoztacane Pa3JIH lHTIlM MHOMHpHCHMa - JIHBaHa, KpHHa, MHOrH X IIBeTOBa H jafiyxe 6narOBOHe. 65 I Ip HKa3 osor ziorahaja,M e ~ y r H M ,He 6H 6HO norrrya aKO ce He nosreae H TO na cynpesia finaroyxarsy CBeTOr J Iy Ke , r ro )KHBOTOrrHmqeBOM CBenosersy, HeKH on npacyraax HCKa3aJIH cxency, OTBopeHOaapaacasajyha MHIIIl l ielbe zra cy y xoaser C MOIIITIlMa CTanrseaa apOMaTH. Ta KaB, KpHTH l KH O n HOC npesia sepa y qy.n;OTBOpHY M o n CBeTHTelliCKHX peJIHKBHja, aacazt 6e 3 aHaJIOraja y cpncxoj cpezrana, nparonea j e noxasarers .n;y60KHXnposrena cxsararsa H peJIHrH03HOr MeHTaJIHTeTa xoje c y ce36HJIe y aM6HjeHTY jenaor rroaaocpeznsoaexoaaor rpaaa xaKBO je y X V BeKY 6HJIO CMe.n;epeBo.66

C n y q a j CBeTOr JIYKe, ztaxne, 6HO je Te K pesar H3Y3eTaK IIITO norsphyje peJIHKBHjapHa npaxca aapeaaor, nocrcpezusosexoaaor pasnofirsa. C 063l1pOM aa TO na oaa yr * e M CMHCny pesa H3JIa3H H3 oxsapa osor ornena, sanpacan eMo ce aa maBHHM nojasaaa H rrOMeHYneMO aexe oztaopaaenpaaepe Tpa,u:HIIHOHaJIHa .rorraxa uaerarsa H 06HoBe KHBOra y 4>YHKIlHjH KYJITa MOIIITIl jy rrpeaera je H y HOBO . n; 06a, HTO Y pa3JIH lHTe KYJITYPHe c4>epe. Ha nonpynjyIlehxe narpa-japnraje ra nojasa HapOqHTO j e BIf J;Ha y neny narpajapxaIlajcaja (1614-1647), xoje crape KIbH)KeBHe 06JIHKe crraja CHOBHM Ca,ll;p KajHMa H HOBOM HCTOpHjCKOM csemhy. I I p o -rpasrcxy 06HOBy HeMalbHliKHx KYJITOBa OH je 3aCHOBao na

60rOCJIOBCKHM H rreCHH lKHM 06pacIIHMa cpezneonexoaaorK1bH)KeBHOr H a C J I e ~ aHapOqHTO xazta je pe s 0 xasraorpad-CKHM .n;eJIHMa. 67 Tpa.n;nIlHOHaJIHa MeTa4>opHKa H CHM60JIHKa

naerarsa jacao ce npenosaajy y Clly:JIC6u ceeiuos CUMOlly:ynapadipasaaa I I c 92, 12-14, Y CH H Tar MaMa K aKBe c y K a o.n;06pOIlBeTHH pa j jaBHBIIIH c e , rrpOIlBeTaO j e cH Ka o 4>H

HHKC .n;yxOBHH po.n;y CBOMe ,68 HJIH y CTHXHpH m a c r r e m ) :

Pa,u:yj ce , rrpeCBeTJIO YKpaIIIe lbe , O.n;HCTa 60r03paqHO, QpKBe cry.n ;eHWIKe, rrpOIlBeTalbeM 6naroyxa lba KaO IIBeT BJIa

.n;HKH X p H c r y rrOCBeTHBIIIH c e . 6 9 C J IH lH a rreCHHqKa cpe.n;

CTBa rrpHMelbeHa c y H y Clly:JIC6uceewoMlIapy Ypowy. TaKOI Ia j cHje KaJKe.n;a YpOII I ceMeHa 6JIarOpo.n;Hor I IBeT r rpeKpa

ca H rrOKa3a c e HJIH: O.n; po.n;a CBeTJIa 6HO jecH, 6JIaJKeHH,

KaO py)Ka rrpOIlBeTao j e cH y IIpKBH H KaO 4>HHHKC JIerrOpaCJIH

6 J Ia ro y x a lb eM je HCIIYHHO jeCH. 70

CJIH l He r ro ja Be 3a I Ia )Ka jy ce H y rrpOCJIaBllialby C p 6 a

CBeTHTellia y 06JIaCTHMac eBepHO o.n; CaBe H ) l ;YHaBa. KYJITO-

I,

\

Cn. 6. Tpeoeuuuue KOO H Z Ilasapa ppa2MeHill uaoepoiineiiIlo le pa6e EO:J1Cje Masoe

BH Heaarsaha 6HJIH c y y cpe .n ;H II IT Y aepcso-rronaraxsornporpaxa Kpymenoncse H rrOTOM KapJIOBaqKe MHTPOrrOJIHjeH jenaa o.n; OCHOBHHX HCTOpHjCKHX apryaenara sa norspnyIf J;eHTHTeTa cpncxor napona H lbe rOBor rrpacycrna na TIlMnpocropana. t Taj nporpaa npecynao je yrauao aa y06JIHqaBalbe CBeTHTelliCKHX KyJITOBa rrOCJIe.n;IbHX asnaaaxa necnorcxe noponane Bpamcoaah, aajyrnenaajax JIOKaJIHHXcserarersa KapJIOBaqKe MHTPOrrOJIHje. MaKO je OH zroaeoMHo re HOBHHe, IIITO j e 6H O pe3yJITaT norpefie zta ce KYJITOBHEpaHKOBHna caofipase CXBaTaIbHMa 6apoKHor HCTOpH3Ma,72

y30paK KOJH acrraryjewo, HapOqHTO 3acTYII.lbeH y XHMHO-

JIOIIIKHM CaCTaBHMa, noxasyje CHaJKHY Be3Y ca cpenaose-KOBHOM T P a u : ~ H j O M 7 3TaKO ce y Clly:JIC6u oecuotuy caie

59 Ibid. 325, 315.6 Pa6aHU IaHUH1. )[ uiUuje ceetuoza KHe3a Jlasapa in: Ciiucu 0 Ko-

COB) , ed. M. I pxonah, Eeorpll,lll993, 124.61 n. ,n;a.HH'IHli,lIOX6aJUlKHe3) Jlasapy, rJIaCHHK ,n;CC XIII (1861)

358-368; n. TpHlPYHOBHh, Cpiicxu CpeOltJ06eK06Hu ciiucu 0 KHe3) JlasapyU KOC06CKOMtiojy KpyrneBllll1968, 250-267, 321.

6 Heuosuatuu Pa6aHU laHUH. C/lY;}fC6ac6eiUoMe KHe3) Jlasapy in:Cptinax 2, 171, 195.

63 V. Han. 8.64 T. Cy6OTHH-roJIY60BHli,Cueoepeecxa caytsctia iipenocy MO-

tuiUujy c6eiUoz aaoctuonaJlyxe in: Cpiicxa KltJU;}fCe6HOciUy 006a Ilecuo-iU06uHe, ,n;ecIIOTOBlIlII998, 142, 153.

65 Eadem, Ceetuu aiiociUo/l Jlyxa - UOClleOItJU3awiUuiU1tUKcpucxeIlecuotuoeuue in: lfyooy ClW6eHCKUMK} /liUypaMa, Eeorpll,ll2000, 177-178.

66 n; IIOIIOBHh,MOIUiUuceeaioe JlYKe - cpiicxa euusoo in: eadem,Iloo OKfJWbeMc6eiUociUu, 309 313.

67 T. JOBaHOBHh, J(R,U;}fCe6Haoeno iiaiUpujapxa lIajcuja Beorpan2001, passim; cf. H n; EOr,l:\aHOBHh,HciUopuja ciUape cpiicKe KItJU;}fCe6HociUu, EeorpllJl1980,267-271.

68lIajcuje JaltJe6all. C/lY;}fC6ac6eiUoM CUMOHY,in: Cp6. baK 3,337,341 343 347

69 Ibid. 317.7 lIajcuje JaltJe6all. C/lY;}fC6ac6eiUoM lJaPY YpOtuy, in: Cp6. baK 3

375,389.71 M. THMOrnjeBHli, Serbia sancta U Serbia sacra y 6apOK1tOM 6efr

CKo-iiO/luiUU lKOMUpOZpaMyKaptWBa lKeMUiUpoiio/luje, in: C6eiUuCaBayCpiiCKOjuciUopuju u iUpaoulluju, ed C. fu pKOBHh, Eeorpll,lll998,387-431.

72 Idem, CpeMCKU oeciioiUu EpaHKOBUnu u OC1tU6altJe MaHaciUupaKpyweoo/lQ, 3JIYMC 27/28 (1991/1992) 127-149; idem, c6eiUuiUe. ba

00 UCiUopujCKUXxepoja. KY/liUc6eiUuxoeciioiUa EpaHKoBUnay XI X 6eK} ,in:KY/liU c6eiUuxHa EO/lKaIf)l2, ed. M. ,n;ereJIHli,KparyjeBaIl 2002, 113-144.

73 P. MaPHHKOBHli, CpiiCKa KltJu;}fCe6HociUiip6e UO/lOBUHeXVI 6e-Ka, 3JIYMC 27/28 (1991/1992) 175-184. 75


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Cn. 7. /{Utl, pexouciupyxuuja capxodiaea uao 2po6HUllOMapxueuucxoua Jeeciuatuuja I apeMa M T.[aHaK-Mei un

rjJally Bpauxoeuhy MY IeHHKyH OTatIaCTBolliyrrQY , azteja0HOBOjnoponaxaoj JI03H, IbeHOMpacry H IIJIo.n:OBHMaHCKa3yje CTHXOBHMaxao mTO cy: ,,rrpO:QBeTa HaM BeCHa finaronarn,Crediaaa HOBor cnouea , HOBO npouaerarse rrpeaesaorBora napoaarse , , jep nseratse rpaae xopena je CJIaBa .7 4

MaKCHMEpaHKOBM,tIHjHje MOHamKHJIHKynonofirsea CBeTOMCaBH CprrCKOM, Ha3HBace ,,:QBeTOMCaBpmeHCTBa H CBe-

OCTH ,rrpO:QBeTaJIHMKpHHOMH PY)KOMxoja MRpHme;OH je

HOBacazraanasacaheaa y .n:BopHMa Dora aamera H ,,6JIaroaacrnaora xopena 6JIam H3.n:aHaK ozt xora npoxnaja :QBeT6JIaroyxaHH .7 5 Tpa.n:H:QHOHaJIHHrreCHHtIKH06JIH:QH KOjHronope 0 MHOMHPHCyBpJIHHe HapOtIHTO cy 3acTYII.JI>eHHyCnyoctiu oecuoiuuuu A1l2e1lUllU: ,,3aca.n:HB ce xpaj sone y3.IJ:P)KaIba, MaTH 6JIara, JI03a jaBHJIa CH ce 6JIaro:QBeTHa HJIH IIpO:QBeTa xao ljlHHHKC.n:yxOBHO Y .n:oMYI ocnoznsea, 6JIa)KeHa, IIJIO.n:OHOCHHTpy.n: Y3.IJ:P)KaIba raojera, 76 Y :QeJIHHHnocsrarpana, OBa rrperroanarrsasa rorrmca 6HJIa je y Herrocpezraoj ljlYHK:QHjHKYJITa MomTHjy cpeMCKHXEpaHKOBMa.KP03 IbHXOBO CBeTHTelliCKOnrrosaa,e onpasaaana cy ce,xao Hy .n:06a Henarsaha, Ha:QHOHaJIHH,BepCKHH rrOJIHTHtIKHHHTepeCH xoje je 3aCTYIIaJIaKapJIOBatIKa MHTpOrrOJIHja.77 YTOj CBeTJIOCTHrpefia TYMatIHTHH CTHXOBe nyo ie oecuoiuyJ06allY Bpauxoeuhy KOjH npeaoxaaajy IberOB CTaTYC BOjHHtIKOrHzryxoanor 3amTHTHHKacprrcxornapona: ,,Kao :QBeTnpespacaa rrponaerao jeca y OTatIaCTBy CBOMe, 6JIarOpo.n:HHJOBaHe, je p eBO, MomTH rsoje npetiaaajyy xpaay EO)KjeMarepeH JIe)Ke y tIaCHojrp06HH:QH :QeJIe, aenoapezrae, KaO KpHHfinaroyxaaa H xao KHTpa .n:06poMRpHCHa. 78

IIOMeHHMO,Haj3a.n:, Hrroce6aH acrreKT Hame TeMe, a TOje, yCJIOBHOpetIeHO, MaTepHjaJIH3a:QHja CXBaTaIba0 KojHMajeOB n e 6HJIO petIH. ll.n:eja :QBeTaIba, paCTa H O)KHBOTBOpeIbaTBapH, Kao rrapa.n:HrMa6y.n:yher BaCKpca HpajcKHX CTaHHillTarrpaBe.n:HHKa, rrpe.n:CTaBlliaJIa je , H3 Pa3YM.JbHBHX pa3JIora,:QeHTpaJIHYrropyKY HCTOtIHOXpHmhaHCKHXHa.IJ:rp06HHXcrroMeHHKa. Y3 .n:pyre, y06HtIajeHe CHM60JIHtIHO-aJIeropHjcKe

3HaKe - KaKBH cy KpCTOBH, apKa.n:e, 6H.JbHe H 30oMopljlHerrpe.n:CTaBe, KaO H mHpOK perrepToap OpHaMeHTaJIHHX MOTHBa- rrpO:QBeTaJIH KpCTOBH,:QBeTOBHH Bpe)Ke CIIJIo.n:OBHMa6

I

I

I I

5

I

rro rrpasany tIHHe OKOCHHQYljlyHepapHHX nporpasra mHpOMBH3aHTHjcKorCBeTa.7 9 ,lq>yratIHje naje 6HJIO HH Y cpIICKOjCpe.n:HHH. Hseaa je ocofieaocr, cyaeha rro caxynaaoj rpaha,TO nrro ce rrOMeHYTHpeneproap MomBa y nany 3aOKpJ)Keao r nporpaaa nojaarsyje aa perrpe3eHTaTHBHHM rp06HHMcrrOMeHH:QHMa:QPKBeHHXnornasapa. Mehy capxodiannra y

Ilehxoj narpajapnmja nocroja HeKOJIHKO crrosreaasa 3HatIajHHXaa Hally TeMY. Capxorpar apxaenacxona HHKo.n:HMa 1317-1324) y :QPKBH CBeTOr ,l];HMHTpHjaHMa, y TOM CMHCJIy, BeOMa caapacajaa rrporpasr, Hneja sacxpca H pajcxor6JIa)KeHCTBa TY je caormrrena ya nosroh 3HaKOBa KaKBHcyKpCTOBH rrpO:QBeTaJIHaa crerrenaaacrosr rrocrorsy, rOJIrOTH,3aTHM posere H3 KOjHXcepassajajy YBojHTe JI03H:Qe, meCTOnarnmre posere pysce, xao H KpCT M e ~ ytIHjHXxpaxona H3pacrajy tIeTHpH :QBeTa.80 MOTHBH CJIHtIHOr aaasea-a tIHHeneo nporpassa capxodiara ,l];aHHJIa II 1324-1337) y:QpKBHBoropoztane Ozmrarpaje, y KojeM .n:OMHHRpajy npencraseKpcTOBa no n apxanaaa - MeTaljloparrpasenaaxa y pajy.81OHH ce nojaarsyjy H na Ha.n:rp06HOM cnoxeaaxy apxaenacxona Case II 1264-1271) Y :QpKBH CBeTHX arrOCTOJIa, aajcrapajex 3.n:aIbY KOMIIJIeKCa;TYcy KpCTOBHYMeTHYTHY pajcKYspeacy rJIaBHH HOCHJIa:Q rrporpaMa. 82 Kana je 0 rrehKHMcapxopaaaxa pes, y Hay:QH je Cnpaaoxr HCTaKHYTaBa)KHOCT. .CeMaHTHtIKH CrrOjeBHTOryspacana cnoaeaasy ys jJ)KHH 3H,ll;:QPKBe CBeTOr ,l];HMHTpHja,a KOjHIIOTH IeH3zrpyre IIOJIOBHHeXI V aexa, 3a Ham rrp06JIeM OH je on HapOtIHTOrsnaxaja je pofiyxsara, M e ~ yOCTaJIOr, ,LlBOCTpyxH HH3 rraJIMeTH:QaKpHHOBa, KpCT aa noerorsy, rOJIrOTH, non KOjHMje jo m jeaaaKpHH, xepaJI,LlH IKH06JIHKOBaH, n OK cy M e ~ yKpa:QHMa HCKJIecaaa naa BHIIIeJIaTHtIHa:QBeTa.83 C 063RpOM aa CHM60JIHtIKYnpapozry H MeTaljlOpH IHO-aco:QHjaTHBHacsojcrsa BH3aHTHjCKe ljlYHepapHeIIJIacTHKe,MO)Kece C ,Ll06pHMpa3JI03HMa rroMHIII.JbaTH aa TO zta je ztexopanaja onor nehxor cnoveaaxa

BepHHManpasaaana y ceharse pesa I Ic 92,12-14,0 6y.n:yheM)KHBOTYnpasenaaxa Y ,Ll0MYI ocnoznsex, Mo)K.IJ:a je CJIH IHeacouajanaje MOrao na rrO,LlCTaKHeH yxpac CrrOMeHHKay npanparn Jbyfiocrarse, Tpa.n:H:QHOHaJIHO rrOBe3HBaHOr C MOHaxHIbOM JeljlHMHjoM,a tIHja ce tIeOHa crpaaa cacroja on KaMeHHXrpeztana yxpameaax MOTHBOMrrpeIIJIeTeHHXKpHHoBa.84

74 Heiio3/1llfiiu KyUUH06.lbaHUH. Cnyoctia ceeiaos oeeuotuy m -,paHy Bpanxoeuhy in: Cptiaa 2 415 416 455

75 Heuosnaaiu Kpytueoonau. Cf l y= 6a c6efiioM apxueuucxoiiyMaKCUMY Bpauxoeuhy in: Cp6.1baK 2, 467, 469.

76 Heuosnatuu KpJ1UleOOfla14. Cnyoctia ceeiuo MajKU AlIZeJlUHUBpansoeuh in: Cptiea 3, 31, 43.

77 M THMoTHjeBHli CPeMCKU oecuofiiu Bpauxoeuhu U OCHU6a/beuauactuupa KpJ1UleOOJIQ, 138-141.

78Heiiosnaiuu

KpJ1UleOOAQ14.Ctuuxupe

C6efiiOM oeeuofiiy J06QHYBpauxoeuhy in: Cp6/baK 3 87

79 J. Fleming, Kreutz un d Pflanzenomament, Byzantinoslavica XIII 1969 87-115; O. Feld, MittelbyzantinischeSarkophage, Romische Quartalschrift fiir christliche Altertumskunde und Kirchengeschichte 65 1970158-184; e. I I l X ~ l X p ~ ,A v a r A t J q i ~uap/Corparot xca e 1 n f a t p l . E ~ 1 t A a / C e ~ f ~J l I f C J 1 1 ~xa i V O f e p l 1 ~f 3 v a v n v r i ~1rEpt60OV U fl1VEAAalia, eEaalXAov{lI:T\1984.

80 n: HJIHIIOBHh = IIOIIOBHh CapKO,pQ2 apxueuucKoua HUKOOu-Ma Y IPK6UC6. / UMutupuja y llafiipujapwuju, 3JIYMC 19 1983 75-94;3l i IIO.llCTHl\ajHa3ll1Ill Kl1lba HTYMaqeaa v. MarJIOBCKH CXYflufiiypa lletzKeuafiipujapwuje, 314-315.

81 n: IIOIIoBHli rp o 6 apxueiiucKoua / aHUIUl II in: ApxueuUCKOii/ aHUflo II U 1be2060 oo6a, 329-344; MarJIOBCKH op. cit. , 315-316.

82 n: IIOIIOBHh Haozpo6/lU euoMeHuK apxueuucKOua Ca6e U314PK6e C6. AuocfiioJIQ y lletzKoj uatupujapwuju, 3JIYMC 21 1985 71-90;MarJIOBCKH op. cit., 316-317.

83 Ibid. 317-320.8 C. nypHli, Jby6ocmulba. l. pK6a Yeuelba EoZOPOOUqUHOZ, Eeo

rpM 1985, 59, CJI 52; J. MarJIOBCKH CUM60fluKa KpUH06a / I l l zpo6y MO/lll-xulbe Je,pUMuje, CaoIIIllTeaa 26 1994 151-156; 3a MHIIIJbeae ,lIllje rnj


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10/13

1I0.lI>eHajo m y Mna,ll;oem, onnaaaxH3 CBeTa, npmrarse MOHanrxor ofipaaa, ynpancrsanarse CBHX rrpOIIHcaHHXMOHaillKHX1I0,n;BHra.99 Jescrarajeje, OCHM rora, npananao OHHM0,n;a6paHHM l\pKBeHHMnpenarasra KOjH cy rrocnenosana CaBH CPIICKOMH CBOj xa6HTYc rpazrana y aM6Hjemy Haj3HaMeHHTHjHXXpmnhaHCKHXiiyciUulba. TaKO je HJescraraje CBOj rrornen na

CBeT ljlopMHpaona ATOCY, a npananao je H 0,n;a6paHoj cxynaHH HajBHmHXnpenara KOjH cy xoztosacrana y JepYCanHM H06HIDnH lheroBe caermse, YK.lI>yqyjyhHH Jyztejcxy nycra-lhY.l00H aaaxe cy JeBCTaTHjeB )I HBOT H c ~ 6 0 B a l h e6linHynonofirseaa BpXYHCKHM06pacl\HMa, a lhIiXOBeerane jacao1I0KaJyjy zra je pes 0 nJiqRoem xoja je IInaHCKHnparrpeuaaasa najaanre qJiHOBe y npxaeaoj xajepapxaja, Hajrrpe HMeHOBaH sa HryMaHa MaHaCrnpa Xanaanapa, OHje 11 1I0BpaTKyy3 a B ~ j1I0CTao ellHCKOIIy 3eTCKOMMaHaCTHpy CBeTHX apxaHljena aa Ilpeanana, zta6H aajaan 6HO Y3,n;HrHYTaa TpOH,Y3finarocnon H 1I0KpOBHTe.lI>CTBOxparsa ,[{parYTHHa.l01,[{aaano I I He nponynrra zta, Y3 1I0Mon y06HqajeHHX TOIIoca,oname JeBCTaTHjeBe xpmnhaacae spnaae, OH je 6HO ,n;o6pH nacrap crany CBOMe , ,n;06pOTBOpy60rHMa, 3amTHTHHK

ynoaaua H caposaaa, ,n;06PH 060raTHTe.lI>H IIpOIlOBe,n;HHKCBaKe sepe H 1I060)I HOCTH ,a rrpessa rOCIIO,n;yje HCIIO.lI>aBaO HeIlOpOqHY sepy Haenanesiepay rsytias , ,[{aHlinOaapoxaTO 1I0,n;BnaqH aCKeTCKy,n;HMeH3Hjy JeBCTaTHjeBe naxaocraCnHKOBHTO onacyjyha lheroBy MOHamKY 60p6y: CBeCT 0concrseaoj rpemaoj npapona, 0 Bap.lI>HBOCrn,cyjera HrrponaJHOCTH osora CBeTa, aenpecraay MHCao 0 Ilocneznsea cy-.n:y H CBaKo,n;HeBHOcehaa,e aa CMPT.l02

Y3 CBe 1I0MeHYTe spnaae H sacnyre, MeijYTHM,apxaellHCKOIIJeBCTaTHje 6HO je ofiaapea H HeKHM HapoqHTHMcBojCTBHMa,0 KOjHMarseroa yseaa )I HBOTOIIHCal\ronopa Y31I0Mon lIa)I Jl>HBO 0,n;a6paHHX KlhH)I eBHHXCHHTarMH. Taxo,H3Meijyocranor, HaBO,n;Hztaje Jescraraje, HMajyhH y cBeMYztofiapysop, H3Ha.n;ClinerrpeaasanasaoMHorey finaropasysrHOM BenHKOMqy,n;HOM acnpaarsarsy H ,n;06pOpaJyMHOMpacyhaaarsy , a 3aTHM,n;o,n;aje: lherOB CKJIa,ll;HH)I HBOTCMarpao je 6na)I eHHM rOCIIO,n;csera, H 1I0XBanHmera aahencxeCline H sananame MYce .lI>y,n;H,a BeOMa ra sasoneme 6naroBepHH uapeaa. 103 Ilocefiao je pesara ,[{aHHnOBarspznsa naJeBCTaTHje rrp03pe YMHHMOqHMa TaKBe seaae rrpeaefiecxeaarpane ztofipospasnora BHijelha, HaBJiqe nofiap paaya peqjyH ,n;enOM on qHjer fiorortyxnoneaor jesaxa cepozraure MHOrHnnonosa 6 0 ~ c T B e H H XH ,n;06pOpaJYMHHXpeqH .l04 OBH HCKaJH yxaayjy aa H a j ~ H j a06ene)I(ja JeBCTaTHjeBe rnrsaoem a TO cy x a p H 3 M a ~ O C TH CBeTOCT, xoje ,[{aHHnOonacyjeY3 1I0Mon HCHXacrnqKHX1I0jMOBa,xao nrro cy oenatee H U ~ e -tee. Hem csracaoHMajyH H3paJH ootipopasyuuo pacyhueaneH oo6popmyMHepeuu, KOjHcnaaajy y TeMe.lI>He1I0jMoBeXpH-

. , II

U

Cn. 8. )Kulla, ppa2MeHillu uOKlloulla capxotpaea upeMa Kauuuy

r

IL =--- - ;;; ; O . . . . . - - - - - ~ . l . . _ ; . ; . ; . . ;_ ____I

1I0KJIOllan: 1I0Y3MHO H): eHTHljlHKyjeKaO OCTaTaK aexaztannser rpofiaor CllOMeHHKaapxaenacxona JeBCTaTHja.

Ha CJIHqaH HaqHH Hell03HaHHUYrrpeacraarsajy H paan03H KOjHcy aasena ,[{aHHnaII M jeaaa jezraaa nyr y CBOMorrycy, ynorpefia yrrpaso l\BeTHY MeTaljlopHKy rrplinHKOMormca 1I0CMPTHHXqy,n;a aa JeBCTaTHjeBoM rpofiy, Bano KaKO6lino, HeMa HHKaKBecysose na cy ,,)I HTHjeH )I H3H JeBCTara ja I npyzcana ~ O1I0KpHlle aa TO na MY reno HaKOHCMpTH HCIIO.lI>H MHOMHpHC spnaae H aTpH6YTe pajcxax06HTe.lI>H. HaMMe, Jescrarajes )I HBOTOIIHCy ne nana, xao Hrseroae 1I0je,n;HHoCTH,6e3 ofisapa aa TO ztanH cy HCKaJaHexarHorpaljlcKHM OllillTHM MecrnMa linH je peq 0 HCTOpHjCKHBepo,n;ocTOjHHM1I0,n;an:HMa, ,n;OHCTa 1I0KaJyje n;a je OH 6HOnHqHOCTorrpe,n;e.lI>eHa 3a )I HBOT,,3eMa.lI>CKOraHljena . a TOMe

78 CBe.n;Oqe eTallelheroBor rryTa: qe)I(lhaKa HHOqKOM)I HBOTYHC-

99 A. Goddard Elliot, Roads to Paradise. Reading the Lives the arly Saints, Hanover-London 1987; T. Spidlik, M. Tenace, R. Cemus,Questions monastiques en Orient Roma 1999,passim.

100 Ilauuno Ilpyeu. }f U8oWU, 196-197; Ceeiua seun y CpUcKOjKltJU-:JICe HOciUu 00 XIII 00 spaja XVIII eesa ed. T. JOBaHOBHIi Beorpan 2007,97-99 rztecy, nopen = ~ O K M e H T O B a H eHCBenpyre nocere cpncsaxIWKBeHHXB e J l l i K O ~ o C T O j H H K aJepycanaxy H aeroaax caeraaaaa),

101 Ilauuno Ilpyeu. )f u60fiiu, 198-205; cf. H B. A. MOIIIHH M. A.IIypKoBHn Xunanoapcsu uzyMaHU cpeoieeea eexa ed. M. ICJmojHHoBHIiBeorpan 1999, 18-19.

102 / aHWW Ilpyeu. )f U8ofiiu, 200-203, 206-207; 0 o6mmHMaynpalKlDaBlULa acxese v. A. Guillaumont, Un philosophe au desert. Evagre lePontique, in: idem, ux origines du monachisme chretien. Pour une pheno-menologie du monachisme, Begrolles en Mauges 1979, 185-212; Spidlik,Tenace, Cemus, op. cit. , 153-178 ca 06HMHOM 6H6mmrpa


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mhaacse aCKeTHKe. TaKBe crrocofiaocra, CMaTpaHe sa napDo:lKjH H xapH3MaTCKOCBOjCTBOaajsaurer pezta,npencrasrsane cy HCTHHCKHH3BOP ayroparera yrnezmax ciuapaua acxeraH npasa pasnor sa TO lIITO cy HM npacrasana yqeHHUH, ,n;H-BHJIH HM ce rsyzra H BorrerrH HX u:apeBH .\05 Y TOMnornezry,apXHeIIHCKorr Jescraraje Morao 6Hce rrpanpysorra ocotieaoj

CKYIIHHH cprrcxax u:pKBeHHX nornasapa, z:IYX0BHHKaCBeTO-ropcxor nopexna Horrpeztersersa, KaKBH cy 6HJIH, OCHMCaneCpncxor, apXHeIIHCKorr lIHKo,ll;HM, Zlaaano ITHJIH narpajapxJe4>peM.106 Ilpesra XpHmhaHCKHM CXBaTaIDHMa, yrrpaso je raxareropaja CBeTHX JbY, l;H , cyfijexara EO:lKje MHJIOcm, HMa-rra rrpasanerajy n;a H MpeJIHKBHje, rrorryr pajcaax I\BeTOBa,6rraroyxajy MHpHCOM BprrHHe .l07 Y TOj CBeTrrOCTH rpeoano

6H, rro CBOj rrpHJlHI\H, carneaanara npana csracao ,,' Y,n;HorBldjelDa aa rpooy apxaenacxona Jescraraja.

1 5 P. Rousseau, Ascetics, Authority and the Church in the Age o f Je-rome and Cassian, Oxford 1978, 29 passim; G. Gould, The Desert Fat-hers on Monastic Community, Oxford 1993, nocetiao 26-87.

1 6 a OBO mrrarse v. )J;. Ilonosah, IlatupujapxJedipeu - jeoan uo-31tOCpeO t>08eK081tU c8eiUuiUeJbCKUK) /liU, 3PBlf 43 (2006) 111-124 (ca 1 13-BOpHMa nareparypox); v. Ii Tonah, Cpucxe iUeMe ua ppe KaMa XI Veexa y IPK8U Ceetuoe / UMuiUpuja y Ilehu, rpa


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- when the graves of the ancestors were visited and adornedwith flowers. The Christianized version of this belief may beillustrated by the words of the prophet Isaiah (66, 14): A ndwhen you see this, your heart shall rejoice, and your bonesshall flourish like an herb. Needless to say, the doctrine ofthe resurrection of mankind, rebirth and life everlasting lies

at the heart of Christian teaching.Another essential aspect of this subject is the phenom

enon of exuding a sweet smell or fragrance, which is in a direct functional connection with flowers. Recent work hasshown convincingly how complex and diffuse meanings ofthis subject are, especially with regard to the relationship between fragrance and fundamental Christian beliefs about thenature, redemption and resurrection of the human body, ascetic practices, or the cult of relics. One of the starting pointsin Christian exegesis was the message in the Second Epistleto the Corinthians (2, 14-16) aboutChrist and the savour ofhis knowledge , interpreted as the savour of life as opposed to the savour of death . Along the same lines, StAmbrose refers to the fragrance of resurrection as anticipating life everlasting. Ephrem the Syrian, who was instrumental in shaping the theological notion of fragrance, arguesthat a sweet smell is a vehicle for recognizing divine blessing, receiving revelationand sending it out into the world, asat the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles.

Eschatological symbolism connected with flowers andscents played an impor tant role in the cult of relics. Fragrance, as is well known, was a key indicator of sanctity anda sign of divine presence. A similar, transcendental, meaningwas assigned to other elements of the ritual of elevatio anddepositio of relics: resplendent polychrome ornamentation ofthe coffin, various perfume oils and aromatics, lavishshrouds, flowers laid onto the grave. This is a phenomenonwhich researchers have recognized, and with good reason, asa distinctive type of aesthetics or religious sensibilitywhich may be traced back to late ant iqui ty and its markedpenchant for flowers, bright colours and luminous effects.

Finally, this theme has yet another level of meaningthat is well worthy of mention: flowers as a metaphor for piety, virtue and ascetic values. This sort of fragrance originates from Christian virtues and deeds - devotion, fastingand prayer - and in particular from the ascet ic way of life.The link between fragrance, flower symbolism and asceticism is a distinctive and very popular topos in Christian literature. also h s biblical models, such as, for example, Isaiah35, 1: T he wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad forthem; and desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose. Exe

getes interpreted the concept ofthe desert in a seemingly paradoxical way as anchoretic paradise and a place of plentywith a multitude of flowers in bloom - metaphor for monksand their virtues. The syntagm desertumfloridus therefore,has not only a strong internal logic, but also a precisely delineated field of meaning. Namely, the main goal of the desertfathers was to reconstruct the Garden of Eden in their ownliving environments and thus anticipate the future heavenlygardens.

The notions contained in the relic-related ideologyand practice of the Byzantine world elicited a creative response in the Balkans. The motif of flowers and their fragrance as a metaphor for paradise, triumph over death and rebirth in Christ was given its due place in the process of creating regional and national saintly cults. This may be seen fromthe texts written for the needs of the cults, such as, for exam-

80 ple, the ife of St John of Rila, where the saint s relics are

likened to a fragrant lily . Particularly interesting for thesubject here discussed is a description of the signs occurringat the grave of St Joachim of Osogov, because it provides adirect analogy with the miraculous uncovering of the relicsof archbishop Eustathios. Namely, according to the hagiographer, at that very momentthe earth above the grave rose up

and the grave became surrounded wi th many a fragrantflower.

In the Serbian environment such ideas can be tracedback to the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries or thetime of St Sava and Stefan the First -Crowned, that is, thetime of the establishment of the cult of their father Nemanja(in monkhood Simeon), the founder of the dynasty. is quiteunderstandable, then, that the motif of vine with its offshoots, blossoms and fruit became an element of royal ideology in the early days of the medieval Serbian state. Namely,the metaphorical likening of Nemanja s dynas ty to a vinelaid an emphasis on the idea of dynastic divine election andsanctity. is already the Service to St Simeon that uses the

habitual paraphrase of Psalm 92, 12-14 about the flourishingpalm tree and Lebanese cedar, but in a distinctive context:their growth and flourishing refers to the growth of Simeon s children , which is to say the dynasty and the fatherland .The idea of life-giving growth and thriving is illustrated byother epithets ascribed to Simeon, such as a fruit-bearingvine , wonderful heaven , a flower of faith in the heavenly vineyard , and so on. should be emphasized that theauthors of the eulogies of Simeon, his sons Stefan and Sava,were well-acquainted with the concept of the monasticdesert, epi tomized by Mount Athos whose attr ibutes areblossoming, fragrance and illumination. Subsequent Serbianwriters also made ample use of the idea of the miraculousblossoming and transformation of matter, especially in para

phrasing Psalm 92, 12-14. Their paraphrases are never identical, however; on the contrary, the emphasis varies both insubstance and in function. Apart from ideological messages about the flourishing dynasty and state, the verses of thispsalm are usually used to refer to piety n a virtuous life. probably is not a coincidence that such references frequentlyoccur in the eulogies to the sainted heads of the SerbianChurch, but also to distinguished ascetics. Thus St Sava, likea good-smelling lily, is saturated with scents of piety , archbishop Nikodemos [Nikodim] blossoms like a fine-growingpalm tree , and patriarch Ephrem [Jefrem] blossoms offering spiritual gifts . The virtue attained by two distinguishedanchorites , St Peter of Korisa [Petar Koriski] and StIoannikios of Devic [Joanikije Devicki], is described inmuch the same way.

Blossoming as a metaphor for virtuousness and the ascetic struggle did not draw solely upon Psalm 92; it wasevoked by a variety of poetic images. The Service to the holyking Milutin, for example, refers to the most beautiful flowers of piety , diverse flowers of [ the king s] many goodworks , to paradise and the lovely lily or the mysteriousrose blooming with good works . The understanding of theascetic struggle and withdrawal to the deser t as a majorsource of heavenly fragrance and blooming is elaboratedwith much erudition by Theodosios of Hilandar [TeodosijeHilandarac]. He describes St Sava of Serbia as a desert disciple; a child of calling, an offshoot of quietness, a branch ofabstinence, a flower of fasting, a fruit of humbleness, perfected by love and compassion . Theodosios makes ampleuse of metaphors to describe fragrance as a sign of sanctity


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and as a vehicle for knowing the highertruth throughsensoryexperience, the truth grantedby revelationand divine grace.

Similar poetic imagery is found even in post-KosovoSerbian literature when the predominant saintly model becomes that of the m rtyr ruler. Thus Gregory Tsamblak[Grigorije Camblak] likens the relics of Stefan of Decani to

the flowers of martyrdom and associates them with illumination: F or at first he grew inyour midst as a fragrant rose, andnow, amidst the martyrs, he shines forth as a bright s tar.Similar attributes were accorded to the relics of the greatestm rtyr ofKosovo, holyprince Lazar, likenedby the writer ofhis ervice to the rose and the lily.

The traditional topos of blooming and renewal in thecontext of the cult of relics continued into the modem age,and in various domains of culture. n the jurisdictional areaof the Patriarchate of Pee, this is particularlynoticeable in thework of patriarch Paisios [Pajsije] (1614-1647). His programmatic reestablishment of the cults of the Nemanjics waspredicated on theological and poetic models found in the medieval literary legacy. Similar developments are observable

in the veneration of the Serbian saints north of the Sava andthe Danube between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries.The concept of a new lineage, that of the Brankovics ofSrem,of its flourishing and fruits, lay at the heart of the religio-political programme of the Metropolitanate of Krusedol, laterof Karlovci , and was used as one of major historical arguments for the legitimacy of the Serbian presence in the region.

A distinctive aspect of this theme is the materialization, conditionally speaking, of the concept of the blossoming, growth and enlivening of matter as a paradigm of the future resurrection and heavenly abodes. For understandablereasons, this was the central message communicated by Eastern Christian gravestones. Apart from other symbolical andallegorical signs, it was expressed by way of blooming lilies,flowers, foliate vines and fruits. This is observable in the funerary practice of medieval Serbia, too, but its distinctivefeature, to judge from the surviving material, is in that thisrepertoire occurs in the form of a rounded-offprogramme onthe representative tombs of the heads of the church. Particularly important of these are the marble sarcophagi at the Patriarchate of Pee with their semantically highly stratified ornamentation. The idea of resurrection and heavenly bliss isexpressed through motifs such as arcades, blossomingcrosses, rosette flowers, foliate vines, lilies etc. Given thesymbolical nature and metaphorical and associative qualitiesof Byzantine funerary sculpture, there are good reasons tobe lieve that this decoration in fact evoked texts such asPsalm 92, 12-14 about the future life of the righteous in thehouse of the Lord.

t is in the light of these considerations that we shouldlook at all aspects of the grave of archbishop Eustathios I andthe posthumous miracles that occurred at it. A particularlyinteresting question is whether the story about the miracle

with flowers was reflected in the decoration of his tomb. Thisshould be cautiously allowed, given Felix Kanitz s eyewitness record of 1860that Eustathios grave was marked with amarble monument with the lid engraved with a cross on astepped base and a six-petal flower. This lid, now lost, isknown from Kanitz s drawing. This may be a mere coinci

dence, but the fact remains that this decoration has no analogy in the surviving grave-markers of the heads of the Serbian Church, and that just as unique is Daniel II s narrativeabout the flowers miraculously growing from Eustathiosgrave.

What led Daniel II to use, for the first and las t time inhis work, flower metaphors to describe the posthumous miracles at Eustathios grave, remains unknown. And yet, there isno doubt that Eustathios I s l ife and deeds provided astrong defence for the fragrance of virtue and attributes ofthe heavenly abode manifested by his body. Namely, his hagiography, both in details and as a whole, and regardless ofwhether drawing upon hagiographic commonplaces or historical facts, indeed suggests a person profoundly committed

to living the life of an earthly angel . This is demonstratedby the stages of his path: longing for a solitary life from earlydays, withdrawal from the world, taking of monastic vows,devotion to all monastic duties. Moreover, Eustathios wasone of those prelates who looked up to St Sava of Serbia andbuilt their habitus in the most illustrious Christian desertswithdrawing to Athos and making pilgrimages to Jerusalemand the Judean Desert. Eustathios lifestyle and service wasaccommodated to supreme models, and its course and stagesclearly suggest a person consciously prepared for the highestoffices in the hierarchy. At first appointed hegumen of themonastery of Hilandar on Mount Athos, upon his return toSerbia he became bishop of Zeta, and eventually was elevated to archbishop of Serbia with the blessing and underthepatronage of king Dragutin. Daniel II does not fail to describe, using standard topoi his Christian and pastoral virtues, with a special emphasis on the ascetic aspect of his personality. And yet, what made Eustathios a truly outstandingperson were his charismaand his holiness, whichDanielportrays using hesychast concepts such as praxis and vision. Thesame meaning resides in phrases such as well-reasoned discernment and well-reasoned words , fundamental notionsin Christian ascetic literature. Such abilities, regarded as being God s gift and a charismatic quality of the highest order,were the true source of the authority that the renownedabbas-ascetics enjoyed among the larger populace of medieval society. According to Christian beliefs, it was this category of holy men - recipients of divine grace - that wasgranted the privilege of having their relics exude the fragrance of virtue like paradisiacal flowers. This seems to bethe framework in which the true meaning of the extraordi ry sight at the grave of Eustath ios I at Zica should beunderstood.

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Danica Popovic - Cvetna Simbolika i Kult Relikvija u Srednjovekovnoj Srbiji

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