CYANIDE

By :Nofri SetiawanYuda Yustiono

CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENTSTATE UNIVERSITY OF PADANG

2014

A cyanide is any chemical compound that contains monovalent combining group CN.This group, known as the cyano group,consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom.

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What is Cyanide ???

In inorganic cyanides, such as sodium cyanide,NaCN, this group is present as the negatively-charged polyatomic cyanide ion (CN-); these compounds, which are regarded as saltsof hydrocyanic acid, are highly toxic. The cyanide ion is isoelectronic with carbon monoxide and with molecular nitrogen. Most cyanides are highly toxic.

What is Cyanide ???

Acids : HCNSalt : KCN, NaCN, etc.

Complex Compound : Fe(CN)63-

Organic Compound : R-CN (also called as Nitril Compound)

in what compounds cyanide can be found ???

Pure cyanide is colorless, volatile slightly above room temperature (260C ), very toxic and characteristic odor. This smell will smell when the concentration is greater than or equal to 1 ppm, and no longer smell the gas odor when closed another or the sensory nerve has been damaged / crippled. The molecular weight is light, hard terionisir, and easy to diffuse. It is therefore easy cyanide gas is inhaled through the respiratory tract (lungs), the digestive tract, and skin

How Characteristic of cyanide ???

2NH3 2CH4 3O2 2HCN 6H2O

How synthesis Hidrogen Cyanide ???

This process called as Andruss Sow Oxidation

Where Cyanide can found ???

Cassava

Cherries seeds Bamboo Sprout

Almond

And so on…..

apple seeds

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Attention …… !

However, not to worry too much, though it contains harmful toxins, but reported that the toxins in these foods is still relatively low and can be tolerated for consumption. So long as we cook / eat it properly, it will not dangerous

Cyanide used in many laboratories, especially in the form of a solution to the 2% level. Hydrocyanida acid (prussic acid) is widely used for a variety of chemical process synthesis reactions, but most are traded for fumigation to kill animals, bacteria, fleas and rats mice in rooms, warehouses and ships.

In the form of salts such as KCN, NaCN, AgCN, used for photographic purposes, penyempuhan metal and staining. In the metal plating, cyanide acid used in the cleaning process, hardening and metal to metal penyempuhan get pure gold metal seeds from seed

Advantages of cyanide ???

Mechanism of TOXICITY CYANIDE

Hydrogen cyanide ( HCN ) released a broad spectrum of toxic compounds in each organism . This is due to its ability to bind minerals such as Mn+2 , Fe +2 and Cu+2 is a very important role as a cofactor for memgoptimalkan action of the enzyme , inhibiting the reduction process oxygen respiratory chain cellular level by cytochrome oxidase , transport electrons in the process of photosynthesis , and the activity of some enzymes such as catalase , oxidase , etc. .

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Mechanism of TOXICITY CYANIDE

One mechanism of toxicity is the most common HCN binds to the iron ion . HCN after being released quickly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood . Cianida ion (CN-) subsequently binds to the heme Fe and reacts with ferric (oxidation) in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase formed in the mitochondria , forming a stable complex and arrested respiration pathway . Consequently hemoglobin can not release oxygen in the electron transport system and cellular death due to hypoxia ( lack of oxygen cells )

The trade started in 1957 in the Philippines. Cyanide poisoning was the simplest method of collecting the fish, and it is estimated that over the past 40 years, in Philippine waters alone, over 1 million kg of sodium cyanide has been squirted onto tropical reefs. Concentrations of cyanide as low as 50 mg/L are enough to cause the death of corals. About 30 percent of coral reefs are in Southeast Asian waters, and they have the greatest diversity of marine life anywhere on the planet. It is believed that the effects of cyanide on the reefs in the Philippines and Indonesia, the sources of 85 percent of tropical fish, have contributed to the destruction of vast areas of reef. In fact, only 4 percent of Philippine reefs and 7 percent of Indonesian reefs are in excellent condition

exampel of caseCyanide and tropical fish