Classification of Substances

For FULL presentation click HERE >> ScienceCafe

SAMPLE ONLY SAMPLE ONLY SAMPLE ONLY

Classification of Substances

K Warne



Properties of substancesUse: (Object and

purpose)Substance Property

Helmit - protection

Hard plastic Strength

Iron (Base) transfer heat to garment

Steel Thermal conductivity

Electrical conducting wire

Copper Electrical conductivity

Helmet Padding – comfort and shock absorption.

Styrofoam Hard, soft, brittle or malleable.

Electric guitar pickups – energy transfer

Hard steel magnets

Magnetic

Some everyday objects - examples of different substances that are used for different properties.



Elements – Pure substanceELEMENTS - ………………. be broken up into

simpler substances.

- their smallest particles are ………….

- they are found on the periodic table.



Metals What properties do these metals

have in common?

Silver Copper & Nickel Gold



Non-metals Carbon –

graphite Phosphorus etc Iodine Oxygen

Classify substances as non-metals using their properties

o thermal conductors

o Electrical

o ................. .....malleable -

o ......... ductile - ..................

Identify the non-metals and their position on the periodic table ..............................



Semi-Metals Eg: Silicon

Describe semi-metals as having mainly ........................... properties

Classify semi-metal by their characteristic property of .................................conductivity with increasing .................... – two elements meet this classification – .......................... .........................................

Identify the semi-metals and their position on the periodic table

Melting point

1414 °C, Boiling point

3265 °C,

The same structure as in carbon and sometimes similar chemically. Relatively inert element and a semiconductor. (used in computer chips) Exibits the piezoresistive effect. Pure silicon has a gray color and a metallic luster. It is similar to glass in that it is rather strong, very brittle, and prone to chipping. It expands when it freezes.

http://images-of-elements.com/silicon.php



Electrical Conduction

In order to conduct electricity, electrons must move from the ………………………band into the ………………………………..band.

Conduction Band

Conduction Band

Valence Band

Valence Band

Conduction Band

Valence Band

Insulators – Gap ...................... for electrons to enter conduction band

Semi-conductors: Gap ................. electrons can be GIVEN energy ..........................

Conductors – .......... electrons can conduct

Energy Gap



NaCl

Chlorine:

………-metal

Green ……..

………. Toxic

Elements Compounds

Sodium:

……………

……… reactive

Highly ………..

ClNa

Elements reactreact to form compounds

molecule

REACTION• ……….. released• Atoms ………...

Sodium ……………• White ………..• High ……….. pt.• ………… - toxic

Compound – formed when elements combine chemically.



Pure & ImpureElements: - ……..

substances when mixed form a mixture.

MIXTURES –

…………..! different particles still ……………… not chemically combined.

COMPOUNDS…………. two or more elements chemically …………………/

………………….. have new/different properties to original elements.

sulphur

Elements

CompoundMOLECULE

Different atoms bonded!

Iron Sulphide

REACTION

Mixture S atomFe

atom

Iron

Not bonded!



Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Egs: …………………………………………………

Can be separated by …………………… methods.

ELEMENTS consist of ……….. substance only.

Compounds are formed when one or more one or more elementselements ………… chemically -…………

………………… are formed when different substances are mixed together. ……………. are mixtures.

Egs: …………

……………

…………..

…………. be separated into simpler substances.

Egs: ………………….

………………………..

Can be ………………. separated into simpler substances.

…………. ……………….



The Periodic TableAlkali metals



ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Organic chemistry is the study

of ..................containing compounds derived from .............................................................

Oil is formed over ..................of years from the break down of ..................... and .......................

80+ million compounds-

natural & synthetic.

Crude Oil (petroleum) is a mixture of many thousands of these different compounds and is the main source of many of these chemicals.

They are called hydrocarbons because they predominantly contain the elements ............................ and ........................................



MixturesA ……………….. blend of two or more

substances (components) mixed together in …………… proportions.

Properties: Component parts ~ ………………… ratios Retain ……………… physical

properties Can be separated …………………

Eg: Iron & sulphur mixture Sulphur: ………………………………. Iron: ………………………….

FeS



HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEOUS

Definition

EXAMPLES

Mixtures - Types



CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

Pure

ImpureInorganic

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

Compounds

Elements

MetalsNon-metals

Semi-metals

Organic

Substances

Place names into correct places



Keith Warne

Hi -

This is a SAMPLE presentation only.

My FULL presentations, which contain loads more slides and other resources, are freely available on my resource sharing website:

Science Café.

www.sciencecafe.org.za

(paste into your browser if link above does not work)Have a look and enjoy!

16

Classification of Substances

Education

Transcript of Classification of Substances