Chuong 7 - Thatnghiepvalamphat

7/21/2019 Chuong 7 - Thatnghiepvalamphat

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Chng 7LM PHT V THT NGHIP

Ni dung

Lm pht

Tht nghip

Mi lin h gia lm pht v tht nghip


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I. Lm pht

1. Khi nim:

Lm pht (inflation) l tnh trng mc gichung cannkinh t tng ln trong mt thigian nhtnh.

Gim pht (deflation) l tnh trng mc gi

chung cannkinh tgimxung.Gim lm pht (disinflation) l s st gimcatllmpht.

Mcgi chungchiu l mcgi trungbnh ca nhiu loi hng ha v dch v vcobngchsgi.

Chsgi(price index) l chtiu phnnhmc gi mt thi im no bng baonhiuphntrmso vithiimgc(trc).

Tllmphtl chtiu phnnh tltngthm hay gimbtcagi cmtthiimno so vithiimtrc.


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Cng thc

1)-(tgiasoCh

1)-(tgiasoCh-(t)giasoCh(t)phatlamleTy =

%00= 1-(t)giasoCh(t)phatlamleTy

Nu ly ch s gi l t l thay i gi so vithi im trc, cng thc trn c th vit li:

V d:

Thng 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Ch s gi so

vi thng gc106.1 105.6 106.8 107.9 108.2 108.3 109.2

Ch s gi sovi thng trc

99.5 101.1 101.0 100.3 100.1 100.8

Lm pht hay

gim pht

T l lm pht

n v tnh: %


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3.2. Ch s gi sn xut

nh ngha: Ch s gi sn xut (PPI -

Producer Price Index) phn nh tc thay i

gi ba nhm hng ha: lng thc thc phm,

sn phm thuc ngnh ch to v ngnh khai

khong.

Ch s ny c tnh theo gi bn bun

Cch tnh ging nhu ch s gi tiu dng

3.3. Ch s gi tiu dngnh ngha: Ch s gi tiu dng (CPI -

Consumer Price Index) phn nh tc thayigi cacc mthng tiu dng chnh cangitiu dng inhnh.

Cng thctnh:

Trong : pt- Gi canmnghin cup0- Gi canmgcq0- Slnghng cagihng

100xnq

q

CPI

1i0

0

0

1i

t

p

np


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Quy trnh tnh ton

Bc1:Cnhgihng: Lngthc,quno,chtt,ili,vinthng...

Bc2:Xc nhgi c: Tm gi camihngha v dchvtrong gihng timithiim.

Bc 3:Tnh chi ph cagihng: sdngsliuvgi c tnh chi ph cagihng ticcthiimkhc nhau.

Bc 4: Chn nm gc v tnh ch s. Ly chiph ca gi hng nm t chia cho chi ph ca gihng trong nmgc,ta thu cCPI.

4. Nguyn nhn gy lm pht4.1. Lmpht do cuko

Xyra khi tngcutngtrong khi tngcungkhng ihoctngthphntngcu.

Chnh lchquan hTin- Hng


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Lm pht do cu koP

YYp

AS

AD

E0P0

Y0

AD1

E1P1

Y1

M rng SX

Lmpht F

4.2. Lm pht do chi ph y

Lmpht do cung cn cgil lmphtdo chi ph y. Loilmpht ny xyra khi chiph snxutgia tnghocnnglcsnxutqucgia gimst.

Chi ph snxuttng:

Nnglcsnxutgim:


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Chi ph sn xut tngP

YYp

AS0

AD

E0P0

Y0

P1

Y1

Thu hp

Lmpht

AS1

E1F

Nng sut sn xut gimP

YY0

AS0

AD

E0P0

P1

Y1

Thu hp SX

Lm

pht

AS1

E1

F


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4.3. Lm pht d kin

Lmpht dkin(lmpht qun tnh) ltllmpht hintim mingidkin

rngn stiptcxyra trong tnglai.

P

YYp

AS0

AD1E0

P0

P1

AS1

E1

AD2


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1

5. Tc ng ca lm pht Snlngv viclm

Phn philithu nhpGiangicho vay v ngivayGiangihnglngv trlngGiangimua v bn cc loicphiuGiachnh phvidn chng

Thay iccukinh t Nnkinh tkm hiuqu

Lmpht lm sai lchtn hiugiMtnhiuthigian v sclciph lmpht Chi ph thcnRilonthtrngvn, bindngutGimnnglccnhtranh hng ha trong nc

Lmpht do cuko (tc ngln cu):

Lmpht do chi ph y(tc ngln cung):

6. Bin php kim ch lm pht


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II. Tht nghip

1. Mtskhi nimcbnLao ng: l hotngquan trngnhtca

con ngi,tora cacivtchtv cc gi trtinh thncax hi.

Vic lm: mi hot ng lao ng to rangunthu nhp,khng bphp lutcm.

Tht nghip: l nhng ngi trong tuilao ng,c khnnglao ng,angtm kimviclm nhngchac viclm.

Dn s

S ngi trong tui lao ng S ngi ngoi tui lao ng

C kh nng lao ng Khng c kh nng lao ng

Ngun nhn lc

Lc lng L Ngoi Lc lng L

Tht nghip C vic lm


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1

Lclnglao ng(hay dn shotngkinh t): bao gmnhngngianglm vicv nhngngithtnghip.

T l tht nghip: Phn nh t l % sngithtnghipso vilclnglao ng.

100*=onglaolngLc

nghiepthatngiSo(%)nghiepthatleTy

2. Cc dng tht nghip2.1. Thtnghiptmthi(chc)

L loi tht nghip xy ra khi c mt sngilao ngangtrong thigian tm kimmtnilm ph hphnhocnhngngimibcvo thtrnglao ngangch

vicLoithtnghipny tntingay ckhi th

trnglao ngcn bng


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2. Cc dng tht nghip

2.2. ThtnghipccuL loi thtnghipxy ra

khi c mt cn i v mtc cu gia cung v culao ng. S mt cn iny do 2 nguyn nhn:

Ngi lao ng thiu knng

Khc bitvnictr

2. Cc dng tht nghip2.3. Thtnghipchu k

Tht nghip chu k (thtnghip theo l thuytKeynes) l loi tht nghipc to ra trong tnh trngnnkinh tsuy thoi
http://images.google.com.vn/imgres?imgurl=http://adminwebsite.cktqp.gov.vn/imgupload/tintuc/11that-nghiep1062005163349.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cktqp.gov.vn/news.php%3Fid%3D4984%26id_subject%3D14&h=170&w=140&sz=26&hl=vi&start=1&tbnid=5t7AQgQFVXV07M:&tbnh=99&tbnw=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%2522Th%25E1%25BA%25A5t%2Bnghi%25E1%25BB%2587p%2522%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dvi


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1

3. Tc hi ca tht nghip

ivic nhn ngilao ng:

ivix hi:

4. Bin php gim tht nghipivithtnghipchu k:

ivithtnghiptnhin:


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III. Mi quan h gia lm pht

v tht nghip1.ngcong Phillips ngnhnVo nhng nm 1958, A.W.Phillips thuc

HcvinKinh tLondon cho ngmtbibo trong ttpch Kinh thccaAnh mangtiu : Miquan hgiathtnghipv tlthay i tin lng danh ngha Anh, 1861-1957.

Phillips chra mitngquan nghchgiatlthtnghipv tllmpht.

P

YYp

AS1AD1

E1P1

AS2AD2

E2AS3

AD3

E3P3=105P2

P2=105P1

ADb

Eb

ADcEc


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1

T l lm pht

5%

T l tht nghip

a

c

b

ng congPhillips ngn hn

Un

2. ng cong Phillips di hn Theo Samuelson, ngcong Phillips chc

gi trtrong thigian trcmt. Vlu di (5n10 nm)ngPhillips thngngtitlthtnghiptnhin.

Ngoi ra, Friedman v Phelps cngara

cc kt luncamnh da trn nguyn l cinca kinh thcvm. Theo ,hktlunrngkhng c l do g nghrngtllmpht gnvithtnghiptrong di hn

Khng c s nh i gia tht nghip vlmpht.


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Un

Lm pht cao

T l lm pht

T l tht nghip

ng congPhillips di hn

Lm pht thp

A

B

P

YYp

AS1AD1

E1

P1

AS2AD2

E2

ADc

Ec

P3

P2

ADc

Ec

AS3LP qun

tnh mi

LP qun

tnh c

Chuong 7 - Thatnghiepvalamphat

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