Chapter 4Design andProblem Solving

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Design and Problem Solving4Chapter

Section 4.1 The Design Process

Section 4.2 Problem Solving

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4.1

The Design Process

Objectives Explain how creativity

influences design. Explain the importance of

engineering and appearance in design.

Discuss ways to evaluate designs.

Content Vocabulary innovation invention human factors engineering balance proportion unity

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Graphic Organizer

Use this graphic organizer to organize and write down information as you study.

4.1

The Design Process

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Get Started!

What are some basic principles of design for almost everything?

4.1

The Design Process

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The Role of Creativity

Creativity leads to ideas that are original and imaginative.

4.1

The Design Process

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The Role of Creativity

Historically, inventors like John Deere and Thomas Edison innovated and invented existing products or brand new devices.

innovationthe process of modifying an existing product or system

to improve it

4.1

The Design Process

inventionturning ideas and

imagination into new products and systems

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The Role of Engineering

Design and engineering work hand in hand.

 

Both consider a product’s durability, reliability, and usability.

4.1

The Design Process

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Human Factors Engineering

Designers think about how people use products, or human factors engineering.

 

They are interested comfort and function.

human factors engineeringthe design of equipment and

environments to promote human safety, health, and well-being; also called “ergonomics”

4.1

The Design Process

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Flexibility

Engineers determine a product’s flexibility to meet the needs of its potential users.

4.1

The Design Process

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The Role of Appearance

There are four principles of design that determine its success:

Balance

Proportion

Contrast

Unity

balancea state of steadiness or stability; one of the

principles of design

4.1

The Design Process

proportionthe correct relationship between sizes and

quantities in a design

unityfunction and form are carefully planned

and in harmony

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Evaluating Design

During the design process, a designer checks and critiques the final product.

4.1

The Design Process

Sample Design Checklist

Does it meet the end-user’s needs?

Was it delivered on time and under budget?

Can it be improved?What other questions would you include to evaluate a design?

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4.2

Problem Solving

Objectives List the six steps in problem

solving Describe an effective problem

statement.

Content Vocabulary problem statement brainstorming

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Graphic Organizer

Use this graphic organizer to organize and write down information as you study.

4.2

Problem Solving

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Get Started!

Discuss a problem you had and how you solved it.

4.2

Problem Solving

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Problem Solving Steps

Problem solving is part of the design process.

4.2

Problem Solving

The six steps to solving a problem are:

Define the problem. 1

2

3

4

5

6

Collect information.

Develop possible solutions.

Select one solution.

Put the solution to work.

Evaluate the solution.

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Problem Solving Steps

4.2

Problem Solving

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Define the Problem

You must identify a problem before you can solve it. This means defining it.

4.2

Problem Solving

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The Problem Statement

To identify and define the problem, designers create a problem statement.

problem statementa statement that clearly

identifies the problem that the product will solve

4.2

Problem Solving

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The Problem Statement

A problem statement helps focus your thinking.

 

Revise the statement to be absolutely clear.

4.2

Problem Solving

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Criteria and Constraints

Criteria are identified once the problem has been stated.

 

Find specifics and limitations that a designer should take into consideration when designing a product.

4.2

Problem Solving

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Collect Information

You can save time and find better solutions by looking at similar problems and solutions.

4.2

Problem Solving

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Develop Possible Solutions

Brainstorming is an important part of the problem-solving process.

 

Designers brainstorm at they collect information and develop possible solutions.

brainstorminga group technique that

helps you develop possible solutions to a problem very

quickly

4.2

Problem Solving

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Select One Solution

When selecting a solution, weigh the options of the other possible solutions.

 

Make an educated decision by looking at all your options.

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Problem Solving

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Put the Solution to Work

The best way to test a solution is to use it.

 

Every solution needs to be evaluated, and most designs must be refined.

4.2

Problem Solving

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Evaluate the Solution

If the first solution does not work out, do not stick to it.

 

Look for better solutions and use new knowledge gained from trial and error.

4.2

Problem Solving

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Content Vocabulary Check

1. innovation

2. invention

3. human factors engineering

4. balance

5. proportion

innovation

The process of modifying an existing product or system to improve it

invention

Turning ideas and imagination into new

products and systems

human factors engineering

The design of equipment and environments to

promote human safety, health, and well-being;

also called “ergonomics”

balance

A state of steadiness or stability; one of the principles of design

proportion

The correct relationship between sizes and

quantities in a design

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Design and Problem Solving

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Content Vocabulary Check

6. unity

7. problem statement

8. brainstorming

unity

A state in which all parts of a design work together

problem statement

A statement that clearly defines a problem to be

solved

brainstorming

A group problem-solving technique in which

members call out possible solutions

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Design and Problem Solving

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4Chapter

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Design and Problem Solving

Answers1. All designs begin with a creative design2. Define the problem; collect information; develop possible solutions; select one solution; put the

solution to work; and evaluate the solution.3. balance, proportion, contrast, unity4. It helps designers select the best design.5. collecting information on solutions to similar problems

Quick Check 1. Explain how creativity influences design.

2. List the six steps in the problem-solving process.

3. Describe what makes a product attractive.

4. Discuss how problem solving is applied to design.

5. Discuss what is involved in finding solutions to problems.

End of

Chapter 4Design andProblem Solving