Chapitres Choisis

• english

• open book exam: pass / fail

• 4 week blocks of different topics

• yeast genetics....

• cell biology of lipids

Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology of Yeast

1. Introduction

2. Genetic elements

3. Classical genetics

4. Molecular biology of yeast

5. Cell biology

6. Genomics

Roger SchneiterJanuary 2004

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What are Yeast ?

– eukaryote

– unicellular fungi

– phylum Ascomycetes

– order Saccharomycetales

– wide dispersion of natural habitats, plant leaves, wine grapes

– ferment sugars to ethanol• Production of wine, beer etc.

• Baking, raise dough through production of CO2

• Sparkling wine

• Used by man aprox. 6000 years B.C.

– difficult to define a wild-type

– vitamin supplement in food production

– divide by budding; Saccharomyces (cerevisiae)

– divide by division: Schizosaccharomyces (pombe)

– human pathogen: Candida albicans

Yeast as amodel eukaryote

“the awesome power of yeast genetics” ->

“the awesome power of yeast cell biology”

• Fast generation cycle (90 min)

• Non-pathogenic

• Chemically defined growth media

• Large quantities -> class. biochemistry

• Amenable to classical genetics

• Large mutant collections

• Strong cell biology

• Strong -omics (gen-, proteo-, metabol-,...

Transformation with rec. DNA

Extremely efficient recombination

Molecular biology methods unique to yeast

Complete sequence of genome

DNA Arrays

Complete knock-out collections

Complete protein interaction maps

The power of genetics

Leland Hartwell, Nobel Prize 2001

the cdc-screen

Ask an important question !

Life cycle

pseudohyphae

• Pheromone binds

• Kinase cascade• Ste12p

phosphorylated• Activated

Ste12p starts mating program

Signal cascade

Cell polarity of diploid vs haploid cells