Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System

Made of your heart, blood & blood Made of your heart, blood & blood vesselsvessels

Functions of Functions of Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System

Delivery systemDelivery systemBlood from heard delivers oxygen & Blood from heard delivers oxygen &

nutrients to every part of bodynutrients to every part of bodyBlood picks up waste products on Blood picks up waste products on

the return tripthe return trip

Structure of the HeartStructure of the Heart

SizeSize – slightly larger than your fist – slightly larger than your fistLocationLocation – left center of your – left center of your

chestchest4 Chambers4 Chambers::

2 Atrium – upper chambers2 Atrium – upper chambers2 Ventricles – lower chambers2 Ventricles – lower chambers

Structure of the HeartStructure of the Heart

2 Sides 2 Sides – separated by the – separated by the SeptumSeptumLeft sideLeft side – gets blood from lungs – gets blood from lungs

(high in O2)(high in O2)Right sideRight side – gets blood from body – gets blood from body

(low in O2)(low in O2)

Basic Structure of Cardio SystemBasic Structure of Cardio System

Basic StructureBasic Structure

Structure of the HeartRight Atrium – biggest atriumRight Atrium – biggest atrium

2 Major Veins - called Great Veins2 Major Veins - called Great Veins Superior Vena CavaSuperior Vena Cava - Returns - Returns

deoxygenated blood from upper bodydeoxygenated blood from upper body Inferior Vena CavaInferior Vena Cava – Returns – Returns

deoxygenated blood from lower bodydeoxygenated blood from lower bodyPumps blood to Right Ventricle Pumps blood to Right Ventricle

through through Tricuspid ValveTricuspid Valve

Structure of the Heart

Right VentricleRight Ventricle – gets blood from – gets blood from Right Atrium and pumps blood to Right Atrium and pumps blood to lungslungs

Left AtriumLeft Atrium – Receives blood from – Receives blood from lungs (Pulmonary Veins)lungs (Pulmonary Veins)Pumps blood to Left Ventricle through Pumps blood to Left Ventricle through

Bicuspid ValveBicuspid Valve

Structure of the HeartLeft VentricleLeft Ventricle – gets blood from Left – gets blood from Left

AtriumAtriumVery thick walls – pumps blood Very thick walls – pumps blood

throughout bodythroughout bodyPumps blood through the AortaPumps blood through the Aorta

AortaAorta – Largest blood vessel in body – Largest blood vessel in body (interior(interior diameter of about 1 inch)diameter of about 1 inch)Pumps blood to every part of bodyPumps blood to every part of body

Structure of the Heart

Animated HeartAnimated Heart

Heart BeatHeart Beat

See also Coronary Bypass, Pacemaker, etcSee also Coronary Bypass, Pacemaker, etc

Blood StructureBlood Structure7% of a person’s body weight7% of a person’s body weight90% water & 10% dissolved 90% water & 10% dissolved

substance substance Made up of:Made up of:

PlasmaPlasmaWhite Blood CellsWhite Blood CellsRed Blood CellsRed Blood CellsPlateletsPlatelets

Blood StructureBlood StructurePlasmaPlasma – makes up about 50 % – makes up about 50 %

of blood volumeof blood volumeKeeps blood flowingKeeps blood flowingColor of strawColor of strawContains substances such as Contains substances such as

proteins, salts, glucose, vitamins, proteins, salts, glucose, vitamins, hormones & antibodieshormones & antibodies

Blood StructureBlood StructureWhite Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells – leukocytes – leukocytes

Many varieties defend body against Many varieties defend body against bacteria & other enemiesbacteria & other enemies

ColorlessColorlessFormed in red bone marrow, Formed in red bone marrow,

lymphatic tissue, spleen, lymph lymphatic tissue, spleen, lymph nodes, & thymusnodes, & thymus

Fewer in number than RBC (1 to 700)Fewer in number than RBC (1 to 700)

Blood StructureBlood StructureRed Blood CellsRed Blood Cells – erythrocytes – erythrocytes

Look like donut, very flexibleLook like donut, very flexibleCarry O2 to all tissues from lungsCarry O2 to all tissues from lungsCarry CO2 from tissues to lungsCarry CO2 from tissues to lungsHemoglobinHemoglobin – bright red when combined – bright red when combined

with O2with O2RBC’s live approximately 120 daysRBC’s live approximately 120 days

Blood StructureBlood StructurePlateletsPlatelets – thrombocytes – thrombocytes

Small fragments that clump together Small fragments that clump together and stick to blood vessels to plug up and stick to blood vessels to plug up leaksleaks

Lifespan of 5 to 9 daysLifespan of 5 to 9 daysFormed in bone marrowFormed in bone marrowLook like oval plates (thus the name)Look like oval plates (thus the name)

Blood StructureBlood Structure

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels – hollow tubes – hollow tubes100,000 long100,000 longExpand and contractExpand and contract

Blood Vessels - ArteriesBlood Vessels - Arteries

ArteriesArteries – carry blood from away – carry blood from away from heartfrom heartWalls are thicker than other vessels Walls are thicker than other vessels

(higher pressure)(higher pressure)AneurysmAneurysm – abnormal expansion of – abnormal expansion of

the artery due to a weaknessthe artery due to a weaknessArteriosclerosisArteriosclerosis – hardening of the – hardening of the

arteriesarteries

Arteries - AneurysmArteries - Aneurysm

Aneurysm: Aneurysm: 1 saccular aneurysm, 1 saccular aneurysm,

2 right pulmonary 2 right pulmonary artery, artery,

3 arch of the aorta, 3 arch of the aorta, 4 left pulmonary 4 left pulmonary

artery, artery, 5 pulmonary trunk 5 pulmonary trunk

Arteries - ArteriosclerosisArteries - Arteriosclerosis

Blood Vessels - VeinsBlood Vessels - VeinsVeinsVeins – carry blood from – carry blood from

body to heartbody to heartGet bigger as they get closer to Get bigger as they get closer to

heartheartContain valves that allow blood to Contain valves that allow blood to

flow only one wayflow only one wayVaricose VeinsVaricose Veins – valves in legs – valves in legs

breakdown and allow the blood to breakdown and allow the blood to flow backwardsflow backwards

Veins – Varicose VeinsVeins – Varicose Veins

Veins – Varicose VeinsVeins – Varicose Veins

Blood Vessels - CapillariesBlood Vessels - Capillaries

CapillariesCapillaries – smallest – smallest working unit in the bloodworking unit in the bloodConnect arterioles to venulesConnect arterioles to venules1 cell thick1 cell thickExchange nutrients, O2, and Exchange nutrients, O2, and

CO2CO2

CapillariesCapillaries

CapillariesCapillaries

THE ENDTHE END