Bánffy Miklós Erdélyi Történet 03

7/21/2019 Bnffy Mikls Erdlyi Trtnet 03

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ERDLYI TRTNET

I. MEGSZMLLTATTLII. S HIJJVAL TALLTATTL

III. DARABOKRA SZAGGATTATOL

ALAPKIADS:GRF BNFFY MIKLS: ERDLYI TRTNET REGNYTRILGIA

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BNFFY MIKLS

A FALI RS HARMADIK SZAVA:

DARABOKBA SZAGGATTATOL$'()

POLIS KNYVKIAD * KALOTA KNYVKIADERDLYI REFORMT!S EGYHZKERLET

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A BORTT TERVEZTE!NIPAN HELGA

A ,-/012 34-5,06DIONSZOSZ" TITN" NIOB

-789/,; 2 3462 ;28,7/? 1?;4- 89434-12/7-@@30/"J4=266 N2 G?/2 78 M9 K2,2/6 ;7895,,,

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...s tovbb mne a tzes emberi kz sujjai harmadik szt rnak az palota falnakmeszelsre: Darabokra szaattatol!"

De senki me nem lt az lakodalmazkk#zl$ mert ittasok valnak$ prdlva

prdlvn amaz ezst s aran% edn%eket$kiket &seik szerznek s vittanak e%mssalr'zb&l$ fbl$ k&b&l s a%abl 'sinlthamis isteneik miatt$ mlen erejk elfo%ott.

(eni az persk hada mr a vroskapuinl lla s &k mind me#letneku%anazon jtszakn...


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I. RSZ

I.

A3@>? B@/6, =2/;26 /7,, 3 2 8,7, @=4/?32.C82/@> @=4/?; 2 =2-2>; 433-0/. R71 ,-2>52 26 -@ 78 6>1 1?2629, 2 =/?,.T2412,0>92 2;289,4,,2 / 2 ;23@,@, 78 2 89562> 76?,/ ;887 12;/2 /-,, 78

//,. A =/?- /," 893 2 89562>>2/" -, 29 26?2 D768,4-6?@6 2-2>,. B@/6, 46626,, 3 2,06 76 @8-2" -, 621? 66 8, 2 2" 2 QP//2610;8288946?3,2,02. A / 80@-10 89-/ ;,,8. A =1>;" 23-@; /;,, -,8@32 78 /,,; /89@// 2@-98 7896 797>8 =2612.

D 2/1 2>,2 @, 21@, B@/6, 2 9676;" @826 6?1,2/26 7-978 41,2 /. N?1,2/268@1"6,=2 2/2 7//,8 - 4/62 ;9/736. V2/2 =2,2/28233" 6, 9 2 =2,2/28 96.V2/2" 2 71189@1/>4,, 29 >19,76. 8 2;@- @168 46926@" =@,-2 ;//,, 4->/62.

M/0,= A>-66 /, ;9,/6 1,,.V@-2,/26" =41? ,, 26. U1? =5-/,," 66/2,/26. P>1 3946?48" =41?@- >6 B@/6, 4/?26 02,4826 3,," @- 2;;4- 1/@,=2,,2" =896 /7 4/, 4->/2"51 2 =/? ;2-48897;" =42 2 7- /40>94,," 2 89562>>2/ 89;9,.

8 48, ,, 2662; 4/?26 ;9/ 1?@8=49" =41? 2 /1;833 49>/2,-2 8897-6 2;2-;. K7,/6871 ,, 2-2>6W

K7,/6871 51? /6 1?@8 //,," 6,=2 >16; 4/6@62;. E1?,, =2//12,6 2896>7/?8 967," 2 2-2>62W N 8 ,>62.

A;;4-2 -/ ,-, B@/6,-2 89-/ /,;" =41? -89;,78 892/2>, 711 29 1789 ,8,76.H261,2/26 /;/, 78 2>6 ,@6,4-412 ;8=26, 2 @=4/?30/.

D 6 ,>4,, 294662/ ,@496.L6, 2 /7


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M, 8 @/,494,," ,2/@6 2/2 29 -> ;2/3@326 21? ,, 29 !9>?//@326 78 4>2;66 M92-2846 78

P8,6 8 @-894- 6>6,," 2=4/ =46,2/26 89-/; =2/7;4, ,>4,, ,2/@/6. 8 2 8957,12-;4/,2 2 ;8-871. E--/ 2 6-/ ;//,, /46>262W A662; 2-26667/-833" ;,/ 78 >2>2/28 ,2289" =4/>76?" -@190 @; 78 /21289,48/, >2//2 =2-8412 ,434/62; 2 =2614; 78 29 1?,,8 892;2>@81 89/, @-2>2,@326" 2;@- 2 =2-"6>6, /8- 29 7-97;; =2,2/2. I16W A9 /,; 967 9" 29 /8//?>, /,7...

A 116? ,284-;@6326 ; 889. B@/6, ;8=26, 29 2,06.O>2;66 =8 4;,03- 7/. A9 71 ,89,2" > 2 @->@; 76?8;" -, 2 >7/,@6 ;887

89,@/, 29 8.E/6>/, 2 8,7, @-4846 ,59. E/2>@8 ,@6 1?268 2 8@6=49 ;// 66" 2; 6, 6,6>@682 2 ;4/498@-8956=@962;" 2 -2626>0 21 @-=2,. A>>1 @-62 ;//. 1? ,@6 --@ ,> /66 2946 2 ;8-8716" 2, A>-66/@,@82 /;22-, 366. L28826 6, 78 -66, 290,2W

2 ;/6;@-0/ ,, ;" 2=4/ 1?; >768,4-6?2 /4@89@, =/?9, 4/, /. A ;-5,78 28@/>?,.E1?4-2 =4889 /7787/ 6, //7. B@/6, =-,/6 2 ;23@/@6? 17 /2/," =41?

1 6 /@,=2882" 46626 ;,, 89/ 2 6," 251 /=2/2>,. A9 288946? 6 679,, 8433-2" 8 32/-2" >/ =@9=49 6, 3946?@-2"2 4,, 6633 26 2 =1?4/>2/326" 29 >11?01?@892, 6,79,36.

QA 7-7, /@,412,2" 29 26 4,, 39@-2W 146>4/,2 B@/6,. QA9, 29 -/,," 2;, 84=2889-,,, 78 2; 84=28 89-,,.

8 2 895 1,/, ;8-8711/" 6, 2 89@9,,6;" 2; 2/2=46626 889-/ 1/@,289//>76; =2,@-=1?,...

M48, 1 ,62 ;//" /89;6 2 8956=@930/" 4,, -2,2" 2;@-=2 29 2=-,/6 /=2,@-49@8" 2/ /892;5,4,,2 21@, A>-66 ;9/73/" 6>6 -7,/41?289,4,,2 4/62.

M6," 2/1 /@,2" =4/ @-. A 2< 82-;@6@/ 1@//," -, 2>6 3/,;9,, 2189,6?8, 8,73. K887 8971?//, 21@," 51? =@, 1@8@-4/,2 29, 2 25-,/


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189,6? 3;4-4992 29 2,. B8//?89,,, 2 //, 98373. M2> ,2/@/;49; 2/21?-;;/" 2662; 2> 4>22>2.

B946?@-2 ,2/@/;494,, 6 11?/" =896 2-- 6," ,/ 2 28=5>46" 2 49 /,,@9 @8;76, 4/62. A;;4- 48,

,2/@/;49=2,67; A>-666/" 3897/1,=,676; 3-;4/, 8922; 17 -,,, -71 /7;;-/X6, 0 32-@,4; /12/@33" =2 @- @8;76, /=,,/6. L12/@33 /@,6" 2 ;97, 1416"143,2 21@,0/" 9, 2 12/;0 7/34/>418@14, 8"2, 89@@-2 9 2 14/>@8 /6,,,. 8 48, 8 869/,7;. P-89 621?46 8892=2614/2 29 7-978;, 78 6>6 /,678, ;-/" 2=41? 92 23/@6;2 8,5/8=49 //,,X S96,G?-1? M21>2 @- 2/21 71 2 -6>867/ 8 8412,033 /18711/ 412>,2 78 3@- 88902/ 8 2 1?/ 64;2 28;48 89/>;"6, 2 =86; ,89,@326 26 =@9284>@889@6>7;@2/ 78 6>6; =/?8/.

L// 2;;4- ,2/@/;494,," >6 8,37>- @- 84;26 31?/,; 4/, 2 @87/ /,88,;;0,-3" 2 @/48 32-@,4; 1?;4- -;,0-@32" 2 48, 621?892/46;76, 894/1@/.

A ,/626 2,06 ,, 3" 2 ;6?,@-89432 //. B@/6, @- 889-/ 1/@,,2.F=7- ,//-=@@326 4/?26 ;66?6; /@,894,," 6,=2 8/?,2/26 8;/262 711 2 -21?410

2-;,,6. A 621?/@1 /@6?4; 6?14>, 39,468@1@2/ /7,," 51? 3? 30/ 1@/,2 29, 2 ,;7/,8 0>4," 2=41? 9 2 /@6? 4941. M66?- ,2/@/=499@ 9 29 1789 ;-6?9," 29 0-@8 =7- ,-" 2 -8 78 2-26? 3,4-4;" 2 =2,2/282-6 ,-7;6?6; /@,89;" >6 /?6 ;66?6 =2/2> ,, 711" 2;@- 1? //2610"

718 7-96 -2,2 228@14, 2 =494@6?7-, 21? @84>-6>, 894/128@130/. D @- A3@>?=49;9/>; L/. A @-@82 6 1?4-8/" 2 ,2-,@82 8 @/,49;" 718 23326 2 49>/2,326"2=41? ;9, 2>4,," 4/, 2/2 4>22>0 =28@1 78 -6> //26@8 2 6/; 78 =2-2>; 2>@8962. L/ ,3389- //,, 4/," 51? 2 621?8,-@

62@6 8" =4/ 87, 2 433 82-4;6@/ @-,2; ; ;,,6. -@; =48892, 1?,,. S7,@/,2; 8>7/,@646;76," -89 @- 6 ;,,836" =26 2 ,33 2,2/4;;2/" > 294; , 78 L/,1?2;-26 =21?,@; 21;-2 2992/" =41? //2-2>49,2; =89=2-6< /7788/. I/?6;4- 2;/636 3897>8 /@6? //=2//12,4,," 6,=2 2 7--2 3596@" =41? 3@- ,7@32 ;9>6.

N?/@6 29, @-,2" =41? 1;7-.


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A;;4- ;//,, 4/62W O,, 2 =4889 1?-,?@6284-326" 2 2 ;/@,0=49 9,. V21?8892, 2 ,/7- ;26," =2/;26 -4414,, /7,; 2/2,,. A ,33; 71 22>>4,2 4/62 ,@6 46>26 29, 2 @-326@/8 890," 2 =@9288@1;7- 4-/@,. N ,,,. M/?6 48,4328@1" =41? 6 ,,,W D 2

,7/8 ,@326 =>16; 7-9, 2 =261@," ,@-1?/214862;" /6>/, 67/;/6;" 2>69/,86;. P>1 ,@6 29 8 /,, 4/62 32" =896 1?8 9, 2 890, @-,2 2 /@6?.

*

A 2/4@-4; =5>@6 @,6 1@//,. A--2 146>4/," =41? 2 87,2,7- /7" 29 51? 7/3946?@-2 67,/6 2-;32 4/62 0 66. O,, 86; 866 292892/,@->@;46" /?; 2/1 6>8; 2 >7/,@6 9@4-,0/. E9 2 /, ,=@, ; 2 28, /7.

M48, 1? 7W I16" 48, 1? 7 2 @-48326 ,/,,, 29 89,. A;;4- 8 =4889=48890-@;2, 87,@/," @-, 6,,, 6>6," 2- ;789/,;...

A>-66W V246 , 146>4/ 48,[ O,, / 29 4-@326 71[ V21? 8 /,@494,,46626[ V246 , 7-9,," >6 /?6 7/,/6 1?@8 //7 ;-/,; 2 8,[ , 8 />/,239,4826 29 2 ;1?,/6 @,7;" 2, 2 84-8 9 /;...

I/?66; 6 89232> ,337 1,-,766W H4/62 -11/ 294662/ /,294W =2,@-49,2 /.H2 6 517-;9, 4/62 / -- 2 3,2 2. A662; 897871" 89@92>48 2-@982. A9 4,,=46. B@- ,, 8 2/2 =2/; 8944-8@1 /61;-/ 6>1" 1 @6 6>6 2;2>@/?,

/=@-5,4,, 29 ,@30/. M71 2 2//@8;/63871- 8 146>4/,2;. A9 -@6, 8 16?1,2,,@;" =41?-4-@,8 4/,2 6 4;49 6=79871,. M789 ,26,2,,2/ =49,@; ,>4@8@-2 9,.

E9 29 /7; ;/68 7/88711/ 1-4,, /7" ,@6 -, 4/?26 1/ 4/," 2=41? ,-,76,.

A @84>; 2>@896246" 2662; >7/,@6@6" B@/6, 76 @,/,9,, 4/, 78 2 8943@@30/ 2621?,- /7 ,2-,4,," >6 2 4/?4806 P2/89 ,, /7. A3@>?62; 6;76,/6 29 236?4@82 4/," 6,=2 -@ @-, 4/62.

N6" 2,2/ 32-@,4" 16796 2 ;@4/6@,[ 890/, =499@ ;887 ,0,48 ;,787/C93/;2 2@,;26464;. I129@6 7->8" -, 621?46 897.

V88924->/,2; =@, 78 /87,@/,2; 2 =@,80 89@-6?32" /? 2 ;22/ 8936 /9@-2 291?;4- 4648,4- >2-@,. I,, 2 ;976 6?5/; 2 ;@4/62 =2,2/28 4-,@/72. C822-48;@-;@6?2 897/86 14-62; ; 29 2,0//7-; -@12 @;;2/ 2 2 32-4;; ;887 ,/94,, 129>218@1@326.


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H261,2/26 6?5/, 2 9@-. B/7,;.E/71 ,@128 ,/4. A9 4/,@- ;-/ 23/2;4;" 6?/@6 2 =4/4;92,30/ ;1-; 2 896,7/?

7/;- 78 3/ 2 =1?4/>2/32. B@- @- 8,7, 26 4>2;66" 6?= 76? >-61 71 4,,.N21?46 =261/2,48 4/," 2=41? 29 489/448 896,7/?8@,4- 2 89-;/, /7 -294/0>4,, ;,76.D P2/89 /6 96 ,36 =2/2> 29 4/,@- /7. A -76 89@-6?28 261?2/; 78 2@/484; /;78 2>2-2: 2 ;6?7- =4//0" 2-26?48 /;@/,0/;76, 2 8,7, /237-2/132-62 58871 /,,. A 896,7/?36 22/, >1 1?1? /6,, 261?2/ ,7->/ 2-26? 78 718956;7;-=@326" 2-26? 89@-6?2;;2/ 78 2-26? ,214;;2/" 2 32-4;; @,2,488@1 ;887 /,/94,,49>/2,@326. A ;2>/06 129>21 -@1 896?1.

!1?" 897[ ;7->9, P2/89 78 48, ;-/9,, B@/6,4," 21?2-@92 2>434- >@/@;2," /?; 6>6 @84>; 8,2// /,, E-,2 S96, P@/" 2 -6>2,-068@62; @, @3-@94/,@;.

A9 4/,@- /,, 1?4-8 ,7->/78 ,@6 @,=2/2>2" 2 433 4/>2/46 29 2@, ,-06, 3@/,2,,2 1"2> 2 ;,;9 896,;7;,. V2/0326 ;,6 8,-,0 4/,2; 6>.

M@- 2>6 29 2,06@/ 4/,2; -2" >6 C93/;2 ;26464; 1@//, 78 //, 2 /1897/88,2//32. E/146>4/;494,,. F64" 4;48 2-2-2826 30/4612,4,," 29,@6 6,=2 6 ,>6@ ,3378892,2-,26 2 -@,- 7-978;, =-,/6 1-212>,2 A3@>? ;2-@," 212 //7 46,2 2894897>48 /783 78 87/6 ;9>,,:

T>2" , /6, 89@4-2 9 2 ;@4/62[ U1? 89-," 6,=2 7//76? 4/62. N6, 7/, @, 366...

P@- 890326 @94/,2" =41? ,, ;9>, 2 //;789 @/?@, 6, A6,2/ 1-0 6/. K7833 >,7-, 8892 R0@30/ 78 @- 71 =@9 22 4/, 2 23/@6;2 ;28,7/?62;. N @//2/, /73@6@,">1 29 -1 S96,G?-1?" 6, 89@48 ;9871 ;1?-2" /1129>21233 3656 78 86 >4/1496 1?=@941 6;@6.

M48, 897/86 /484/?4>4,,: 8 26 71 @8" 621?46 ;>8 /7; 8. I,, 8;,, 1 29 A6,2/ 1-0 @8;

67-7," 2 C=2-/4,, ;46,89," 2; 1? 87> 1-0=49" O/2 L4\68,-6@=49 6, 6/. P2/89 =1?8" 7;46? 4--2 6,=2 16?/, 4/62 8922;6@/ 78 28;48 89/>;16>/,2; 2 =4/4;@6. H@, 9 621? -789871 4/," -, 2 /176? -89 -4,8,@68

=, 78 6 /,, 4/62 89232> 1,66 --9@/8 67/;/. D =@, 29 -1 S96,G?-1? 1-0-@ 2-26,2" =41? 1? L4\68,-6@,0/ /?, 6 /=, ;5@66. A94;G89,@ A>4/ 1?; 16-@/8@,0/ 89@-2962; 78 71 8 1,67 2 ," =2 2 82@, =21?4@6?@, 189167. H2 >1 6, 22 78 0 ;2,4/;8 6 ;5@62" =@, 2;;4- 29/1?6 /71 29 76 89@4-2 8. H@, 76 1,,,.

I,, 2 ;8 ;7-8 2@, 392/28;4>2 =24/, B@/6,=49. I16" 9 621? =32" 7,;" 16" > 6; 7,;" 4;46 @," =41? 17896 @8 15,7/78 2/@ 86;. 1?,;6,67 9, 2 -02 ;-2 8...


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C93/;2 /=2//12,4,,. P@- -/, ;7-6" =41? /?6 897/?8 /7;;;/,2-,4,,2 A3@>?,:

B4/788/ 29 4/,@- -@6, -2 /3//6, 1? //262,-2" 2> /4/,2 2 //26?," 24/?480-2 ;587-, A3@>?,. 1? 87,@/,2; 8892 2 621? 892/4632 2 ,@=49.

*

M6>6-/ 146>48;4>,2;" 6>6 ;-/76? -@6, 16?1,2,,@;. C82;8 -2,2 /,"-2,2W A;;4-" 2946 29 ,4/80 8,76" 2;;4- >43,2 / 21@,0/ 2 ;56@/;490 89-6 ;>8 288946?," 4," 4,,=46, 2>4,, 4/62.

A;;4-" 2946 29 ,4/80 8,76" 2;;4- /289,4,,2 /...B@/6, ;4-@6 /,9,, 37>=9. M>6 3/7,, 2 621? 892/4632" 71 6 ,2/@/, 4,, 86;,.

A 894897>48 ;6?,@- 897/6?,4,, 2,089@-6?26 @, 1/@,,2 L/,. 71 ;4-@3326 ;789/,/" 6, A3@>?" 3946?@-2 89@6>7;;2/. C8289 ;2-22/ 2 ;93/8 =4889 289,2/46

;6?;/,. E1? 897;6 ,7->/ /288 49>/2,,2/ 2/3326 /2494,,. U1? /@,894,," 6,=2 /4/62 -/" 6,=2 6 8 1?/6 @8-2" 6, 2--2 2 ;7-" 2 76 /,, ;>,.

M718" 6, 2 //26?,78" 1? 46 6;" ,4/802/;2/2, 29 ,4/80 8,76.

I8- 9, 29 2/34,[ 46>,2 L/" >6 B@/6, //7 ,@289;4>4,,. E/71 -,;2.E9 1? 21?2- -62;" 1? F4--2? 1-062; 29 1?,4 ,2. N21?46 897" 89568 ;7;.N799 9,W !1?" 1?6?-[ 78 ,@1-2 6?5/, 34/?2;7; 89 ;7->6 679,, -@" 6,=2 62 ;7-/" 2 897-/ ;7->967.

L28826 4-12,,@; 2 /24;2,. A ;2-; ;887 8897-," 67=2 29 2; 8. H2/;26 ,,,; 1?

1? 890,: Q...9 M@/,2..." Q9 1? ,=2>; 29 7/,36 78 /9@-6@ 2 /,2,...A>-66 8 51? 2;2-2" 8 9, ;5@62 ,/. D 2 89;8718 890 6 /6,;9,," =/?73@8" 6>1 @8" 6>1 26: Q6 21@, 89-," 2 =2918@14/62 21? /71 266? 8: QA;2- 2 /871 /66[ 8 //26,2; / 2 >-@12 -=2,62;" 6;; 8 4>2 ;//66;.

L/ 48, /89@//, 2 897;-/" ;1?68>,,. T@6 29, 146>4/,2" =41? 2 2;5,0 78=9 6,. A28;48 2/ ,, /,2;2-6@ ;,.

I> /7,, =@," 17896 ;9/ 29 1=9. 8 =41? 2/2 -1? /1?6: QM66? 71-@1"6799W 46>4,,2 78 8892//26,4,,.

B@/6, 2946326 78 82-;@1 ;,, 78 4,, 2-2>, @//2. A 89 7118;/4,, 2;6?,@-46.

A 2/2; 6,76 0-@8 89;-76?; 2>/ 0 2-26? ;2;/ 7-46@892 78 6>9; /,, 2 8,;;066?9, 2 37218@1; /34-5, 6>6,. 8 2/2,, L/ 64 /@6?2/2;2 29, 2 @- /778, ,,, 29289,2/,0/ 29 23/2;1" 2=41? 7118;/4,, 2 3-2;4,, 2-;,,6" 1? 7-9, =-,/6: 9 2 6 ,,


11/175

26 ,,=46" 9 29 2 ;-6?9," 236 89/,,," 9 29" 2 ,2/@/ =499@" 9 29 489,-@;48" ;887>16 /]8" 2 29 ->7/? //;76; >16 /@1. H41?26 =,6 @, E->7/?3W[ B@-66?- 89-,67 8 , 2 /@6?" 718 89@;,,, 4/62 4,," 6 //67; 4>2" 3@-/?6621?8923@8 8 D768,4-6?2" =896 29 8 266?-2 @8 78 266?-2 21?2-" 266?2/1?89-33" 2;@- 29 7/, 4,, 6?12,28 ,@-82>2/4 2 8936" 2 2 L/ ;-. C82;

//262,6? 36?4@8 4/," 9" 6, ;4- 1? 21?48 89// 11 4>2;66 8, 2 =4/>... A66@/ 6;@33" / ;,89,/, 29 71...I/?6;, @/,4,,2;" /?6 -8 46>2,4;2," =488962; ,,89 896,;;/.A9 ,4/80 ,@6 L/ 88924->/, 29 23/2;326. E1?,/6 //262,1 A3@>? 2- ;887 8;24>0" 1894;4,, /7787/ 86 8892,7-, 2 621?,-3.B@/6, /28826 ;,,. T>,2" =41? 48, /89,,, 9, 2 /@6?,. A 8957, 8944-8@1 6,,,

/. E6?= 8944-8@1" 2, 12>0 484/? /@1485," 6, >6 /46>6; 4/?26

-76?-/" 236 2/0326 6 8 =,,6; 84=2.

M2 -/,871 4/, 51? /-7>@/6 6>9,WE-- 8892146>4/2" B@/6, 34889826 >43326,4,, 2 /@3@2/. H2-21@326 11?4-85,4,,2 2

/7,,. P@- -< 78 29 @//4@8 ,-7- ,4,,. O,, 621? 8-1784-1@8. M48, 7-;9,, 3 23>28, 1?4-8. S9@48 ;4/ 46626 3 2 8,7, @-48 /7" 411?@8892/ -2;4>2. E9 2=-,/6 /,, 16>/0 ;9/;>78 @//5,4,,2 1 29 2892/, 897/76. H23494,,. A9 ,,8,1-@6,2 8@-48" 2 @->2 8" 2 ,4@339, 2 -2;,@-2; /,,. J0 /89 6 66 2--2.

R;;267/ /222/. B@/6, 29 1?;, 1@//5,4,,2. M89@89232>/6 ,,/ 29 6826?2-12,@8,0/W 146>4/,2 =2-214826.

E1? =89//7-8, 6?44,, 2 2-;@32" 2 /24, 2 98373 1?-, 78 6 @-2" =41? 21?-;< 88922>46" 14->/,. QB1?; 2/2/?; ;@7=@932" 2> , 2,-7,.

A;;4-" 29 ,4/80 37>67/ 8 =4-@, 462,;49@8 1?;-/ 3897/,;. M@- >61- 2 37,35-08@1 /,,. D7/,@6 7-;9,; 2 /24; 2 26?21@, 2 B2///2,9,0/ ;2=2,,2. E9 2 82,0 ,@6 /@11@ =->,,, @> 1?;//7;=2,@82 /=,,, 2662; 29 /=2,@-49@862;" 89-6, 2 M462-B/1-@>32 78 =2 29,@6 S9-32 6 61>" 196 2 =@34-,.

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A QN F- P-88 78 @- 62-2 -@ S9-32 6>6 /,7,/,

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,@-82/1@8 4/?=2,4,, >@1" 2 2946326 1892;2>," -, /9 1-067 21@=49 6,,, 29?2/ 1?>/ 2;2-2-2>6. 1? =@, 71 ;7,=@-4 46>2,4, @/,4,,2; /" / 6>6, /,678 67/;/ ;//,66 78 1?" 6,=2 7/,/6 4/62. N //67;" =2 -1,6 ,@496@62;. E9 2/@=96@" =41? ;789-,,; 2/2,. D 2 =@-4 46>2, ,@6 /@//,2; 78 826@/;492 2946" =41? 3->98-2662; 517-;9" /,6,;.

K>8" =41? /?6 =22- =499@ 889W 46>4,,2 G?-? /9 78 621?" 32-6289 7118=26,2; B@/6, 2- 3897/1,6. H2 6@/2 21?" 1?

7-9" 6,=2 ;887 E->7/?36 8 4/67;.


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A9, =,," =41? G?-? L@89/0-2 41 71/ -@,7-6. D 9,,2/ 6 -- 146>4/, S96,G?-1?67.

S4;@ 4/?, 9. A9,@6 /9 288946? ;887 /7/@94,,. M2> 29, 46>,2 =-,/6: M/?6 06>9;-/ =2//26W 78 29 4>[ 4/?,2,,2 48, =2/;26" 2;@-=2 621?46621?46 -,,, ,,;4,2//262 1. T>4>" 76 1? 7-9" =41? 71 2 8 2/0@326 6 ,," =26 E->7/?3621?4; 4,,=46. A9 4,,26 3-; 2662; 29 76 2,@30/. A9 >2/0; 89@4-2 71816; 2/2=41?" 2;@- 2 372/2," 495,2 1 29, 2 =2-06@," 2367/;... I16W ,/2>46;76 9 29 1?,/6" 2 6>66 @,815, 78 6>6, /4/>...M@8;76, ,@6 6>;,,6; 89@@-2 @8 78 ;8-871 /,, 4/62...

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

M71 84;@1 2-2>,2; 1?,,. A ;8 82-4;892/46 =2 @-6@94,,8@12 ,, ;, ;-/. I,,"=4/ 2 8>8 896?1" 2 >434-" 8,5/8,2/26 3,4-4;" 2 8,7,8 89,,/ 46, 2/2;" 6>62;;4-2 //6,7,36 26 2 ;28,7/? ,33 =7-" 21? =7- 78 2-26?" 16 621?8923@8 78,;7/,8" > ;887 ->1 ,-/ 78 32-4;; 3,4-92,@2/ ,," =4/ ;-8;-/ 2 ,7->;;833621?433 ;7 7/? /7;: ;7, ;8 4/28,76? S9248;49@->-0/" 2/?61?;4- /=,,," /,, @,75,,,7;X 2;2-//; G?-? 89/;" 621?89/; 78 1?-;;-/"

29 289,2/4;46" 4/;3/ 78-4;464;-0/ 6>9 48, /@14826 890/, B@/6,=49 2--0/ 2 -21289;4>@8-0/" 2 /9


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M48," 2 =>1 7/ ,6 1?73 2 =@9326. O/?26" 2;@- 1? 891,

146>4/,2 =-,/6 " 2, 2 84-8 @-2 /892;5,4,, 2--0/ 2 6 84;;2/ 621?433 891,-/"E->7/?-/ 78 /84>4-, >16 ,61--.

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K,, 29 0-@@,. F7/ ,96;,,W A @- 2/8962;" 251 /;/,6" /6>5,2622/2;," 2332 84; > ,/6X 1@-2,6@ 29 1789 ,@-828@14," 29 66/6> -2>466@, 8. J0-26. M@- -71 /=2,4,,2; 2 =6,0; //,," /?; 2 1=54,,2;2, 2

8956=@930/ 2 /2;4@-2 89@//5,4,,@;. M@- 4/, 29 , 31?/=,,; 26>71;. B@/6, 11?4-85,4,,2 2 /7,,. F/ ;// 66 2;@-=41? 8" 2;@-/?6 6=97-26 8.

A 8@6 89@//@8 23/2;2 ,6>;/ 76?36. A9 , -8 78 8,7,. C82; 1?,/6 ;46/8 @-2 =@9 /,,. N ;9,/6 2 3=2,@86@/" =26 ;887 4/>2/@8,X 2 /0 2 ;2 /7 26 4->/2.

A3@>? 76 @,=2/2>, //,," ;4- 2 ;4,2 2 ;2-@,.

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6 /=2, / ;,;978; 67/;/. U1?[ U1?[ @/2894/,2. I16. T>,;" =41? > 21? =52. M2-1, ;7-" =41? 1?- -1,6. V2/2 32 26 297-,

;/>,,. G?- 1?4-826WB/,;. V8892 29 !9>?//@32W 890/, >@ 2 ;4/,2;.A3@>?62; 889894-/, 2 ,4-;2. A/1 ,>,2 ;7->96: M ,-,76,[

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A 37-;4@ ;6?,4,,2 29 /;-, -@89432 2,2@=49.S90,/26 /7,; 3" M2-1,;2 2 ;8;6? 2/21 7176 /, 8891-6?>. A / 2 3/8

2,0 -7876. M6>6 7-97;7/ =2//12,094,,. 1? ;2 71 ;8336; /@,894,," 2>61?-;/@6?62; =667>" =2 /-=2/2>4,, ,-=8871 6 3946?5,26@" =41? 288946?.V88924->/, -1,6" ;4- 294; 3,,;.

M212 //7 46,2 B@/6,4,. N21?46 =2/;26 3897/," > =2,@-494,,26: K896" =41? /,,. M2-2>46 ,,. W T>4" 22" =41? -4889/ 7-9 21@, 78 @,89 2 212 =/?7,. E9 6/,6" =896 6>6; 789-,," =41? /6, 2 8956=@930/ 78 /97;6?871" =41?=/?,,8, ;/>,,. 1? 6 4;49 922-,. M48, 2 7-7=9 4->/,. !1?" 1,2-,4,,2> 2

37-;4 / 1?86. A ;46/8, >1 ;/>> 8892" /=," =41?;//6 41 78 46>> 6;" =41? @-46. A ;2;/2>.1? -6>/;9,, 4;4826 2 ;1 =/?76

4/, 29 89.>@ 294662/ ,@49@6" 48, 1?4-826 78 2>6 8,,412" > 621?46 89232,4826

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O6626 ,,6 3 2 8,... I16" > 9, 6 ,>,;. D =@, 9 6> //7;8 48, @-. A @=4/?326 //,, /,.

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1890/2/,. V46,2,2 ,,, 2 8922;2, 78 621?46 /28826: N6 2 6 ;2-2 =-,/6 @,//," =2,2/28/

21@=49 894-5,4,,2" 2;@- 2 593/0 29 7/,6,, 78 2;2; 8894--,2; =4889" 71,/6" =41? =292=," 29,@6 1?- 8892" > 6 2;2-4;

/@1488@14,.N 4/, , ,66. B@/6, 711,2412,,2 2 =292,@," 12//7-@," /7117 -6>86; ,2/@/,2.

K/7,, 2 ->[email protected] ; 2 ;8;6? 2/2146. F7, =2 ;2-@32 @-6@92

0596 2/>," 2;@- 2 =8718 =@9-9" 897/? /,@2/. O/?26 0596" =41? 2>6;1?,/6871 4/, /;/,6.

H@, 0" =@, 0 87,/, @/4826" ,@6 /73->,.N 8 4/, 89;871" =41? B@/6, 3@-, 8 46>46" -, @- 21@,0/ ;/6,,,: 6

48, =2921?;... N21?4, @85,4,, 2992/ 2 @@,X 1?4-8263/3," 6 8 ;7->9,, 8," 2/1 ;896, 78 @- 4,, 8 4/,. H41? A3@>? ;76, 412> 666 ,@496" =2 4>2;66 39@-2 2 28-@4,,/8/18 >4/14,. B@/6, 2 ->89432 //26?@, /4/,2 8892,7-, 2 2;8,7, =@/032.

H@-2, ,,, 2 894897>48 4648,4- ,/4 0-@2. A 32;2,;" -71

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H@-4 0-2: / ;76 2/2, 66... 890/, =2/;26 B@/6, 29 A>>? =23490,2 ;9/. F@94/[ ;7->9, 2 6" > 71 6 49>/,. M48, 6. D 51? 718 2-2>=2,4;. 8 2/2 /@14, 8 ;76 1?,26W H@, 0. D 517-> 1" 6 679/ ;-/. !1?" 517->[

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F/;2,,26, 2 ;8 //26?7-66 1?; =@/0;6,87, ;-8, /" 29,2>,2 2 ,@-8@-2.

B@/6, 3,2-,4,,2 1?26 29 517-,7," 718 2/2,, 21@-2 /,,, 2 8/?461?4/@,"2;2-2,/26 8 1/@,,2" =41? 29 289,2/;@6 29 2 ;8 3-4\661 =- 78 -2,2 ,/ 2 2-;,,6-61,1 14/?08 2,-46" -79=/?8 2-0 ,/,76? 2662; 2 2189@@2/ 36 30/ 893679,;" 29 288946? 2- -89 17896 =>1. H2 1 ,>60; /15,6... " 29 84;@ ,2-,262" 2 ,9 @- -71 ;2/>,W 46>,2 A>-66 78 ;25@6?89- @1? ;976 /,-5,,,7; 29 8@14, 23-48962;: 897/ 6 890-0>7; 2

;4-48 189,6?=7. M//7 >/,; ;7,// 78 1298@112/ 1489,4,,@; 2 98@;@6?,.J0;>/ 2/2,49,2;. B@/6, ,-7@826 87/," =41?26 ,, 2 ;4@,0/" 2;3 2>=41?3/,;9,,. 8 2 /24, 8" /?6 31?,@6W M48, 6>9 2/0,/2662; ,,89,, 78 4/?26,@4/62;" 6,=2 2/2;4- 621?46" 621?46 -716 ,-,76, 4/62" 21? ,@6 84=28.

A 892;5,@8; 8. M@87/ 7 =4889 896>78" @>2/2 78 ;8-871" 29 2 84; ;5648;9>78" 26 @,50>,2; =0624; 78 =0624;46 @," 71/ 29 2 84-8?1-/78;4-" A>-66 /46>@82 78 2-26" 3@62,78 =4889 62->48@8 6>9 6, 2 @-2 /,6, 2 83. M@- 1?890/@6 6 8/7;9,; -@. M71 2--2 8 146>4/,2;" /?6 =@322/0 4/, 6>9 2 84; ;56896>78.N 146>4/,2;" -, @- 6 8 /7,9,, 6>2330/ 8" -, 1?,, 4/,2; 78 1?@83264,,=46" -, 889,2-,49,2;" 2/0> @-" 1?2946 262; =5 78 68,76?" -, 26,489@;-2 6>29" 2 6 ; 21;.

A ,@128" 897,>/, @1?46 29 288946? ;887 1892112,4,, 611/" 2 2 @//@-0/ 6>6,2/26//1 78 ;887 ;4-48

189,6?7,. M/?6 0" =41? 9, 1,,>. I129@6 89-64,,2 A>>?.

II.

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A/1 789//, 2/2;" 66?- @8 48, 29 4-89@1 =261/2,2.


18/175

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H499@ 8 41 -1,6 2 /1893,633 =3@; 4-48/@8@=49.R2 6>1 3/78- //7/19; 29 4-89@1 78 2/1 @-2 29

@/,2/@648 @/289,@84;2, A 2-/26,, /?6 =261/2, ;9,, 489/2,2 /.C82; 2 11,/6871; 6 /@,@; 9,. C84>@/2,48 ,0-@, ,2/@/62; 21;62;X 29, =->,;"

; 2 67 @/289,4,,2" 78 =41? 251 664,, ;/,871,78" 2>>1 1?@/,2/@6 6 /=,2 67=9 4->/6. M;4- K=6 2 /489/2,@8, 1 2;2-2 6>4;4/6" 0-@8 /@-@, ,6;"6=41? 2 689,-/6; 1?,/6 892@, 3@-; 1=2//=2882.

S4;@ @//, K=6 29 289,2/2 //,, 78 @-,. A9 4->5,@8 2946326 294662/ ;,-," 2=@6?894-3897/6 -03@/,. V71- /@,2" =41? 66; 71 6 /89" 2--2 =2,@-49,2 / 21@," =41?;9/33 1? 2 1?4-85-0;=49" /12/@33 294; =2//=288@;" 2, 46>. A/1 /7,, ; 294632629 289,2/2 1/" 2 897/832/ 2>4;30/ ,336 /1-@/,2; 78 /;22" 2 ;9;3 2;2>, ;6?," ,6,2,2-,0," 25-@10, " 343@96 ;9>,7;. E1?; 6=79 ,6,2,2-,0 =4/4;46 ,2/@/,2.

A-6 >-8 2-2>," 2/?66>6;4- 4/,.

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A3@>?67 76 =2,@-496 2;2-," 89-6, M26>/2 =@,28/0 /89" ,=@, 71 88921? 2

7683" 51 C8,@- 78 ,@-82 -> //7 78 /,, ;46>26@ 2 >6, 890," 71 1?89-17; 6, 29 8,@//02,0=49 >6 2,0 ,/;/78 890/2/, 1 2 ;26@/. R092 288946?/679,, 78 2/1 1? //262," 2 2 17 @- 3 8 8=26, 29 >2--2.

A 6 ;228989- 4/, 9 2 49>/2," 266?-2 0;>" 4/?26//6,7,36 8 B@/6, >>1 ;44-8@1@2/" =41? A3@>?67 -1,6 17-9,: @2/ 2/2;/68 ,-,76,. N ,>=2,,2 " 6 8 8,=,,. D 2 //@ 88989;/,; ;887 ;/8976" 76 1?" 6, ;4- 2 @-2. M;4- 2946326 4>27-," 8 / 8 ,2,,2" =41? 2/2 @/,49@8, ,, 789- -2,2.

8 294662/ 2 /42-0/ 3897/,X 2 >6,78 -@6, B@/6,4, 8 1;7->9," ,@-1?/214826 78892;89-6 7-/, 78 71/ 89@48 ;7->78 78 @/289 =@322/08@12 ,@6 ;46>,2" 2, @--71 /=2,@-494,, 21? 8" 89-6,: 2 M7-183/ 168 =@,/0 /89" 2 @8; ;,,3/ >1;4/,2; ;,,6 2 7/, /7. D 2 84; 46>2, B@/6, /,, ,2 78 ,7->;

=>1 =8" 808 78 7>8 8,76?; 84-2;49,2; 7/;-36" -886 ;/, 2" 2 71@/>494,, 2 212 ;7-8717,/" /78 78 7/?36. E9 2946326 ;4-@6,8 6>6.T0,=?67 8 B2288946?4; 84;2, 517- 484//?2/ ,4;@8 2-2/@2/" 2-0 @6;4; 78 9,, 8,. M71 /, K4/498@--2. A 1?/7- 4/," > 4- 628 3/6,,," =41? =@9284>6 2;2-X ,162 -11/ 1? >@3;2 31787,=2//4,,@; 2 3-;36. I/?6;, 87/, =488926" ;936 2--2 146>4/,: 0>46 ,>=2,6@1 29," 2 1?>/ 7->;/," 29, 2 ;-/76?," /? @,@/,49,2,,2 2 2 ;>7/?@//24,@,.

A 62 @- /636. A @-2 =2284; 34/?289563 34-/,2;. F/,,; 62-26@, 3,/, 2-26?3


27/175

B@/6, ;9=/?;;/ @/2894/,. G?6?-" 621?89-" -;. N2 78 2 -264,, 8924-@6" > 2 84; >2. U1? =2,4,, 6>9" 6,=2 ;-/67 2 -789/,;,.R092 288946?62; 9 294662/ /,6," 266@/ 6;@33" -, 0/ 8-, @62; 29, 2 890;7898717,"2/ @3-@94/6 2 /@,4,," =2//4,, >4/14;2, 266?-2 895686 ,>2. I,, 2/2 6636W 146>4/,2 78 1? 7-9," 0 6?446 @-. T4@33 ,2412,0>94,, ,=@,.

I129@6 4/?26 >-@2 9 29 4-2[ 8 /?; 2 /11;2033 /6,[ 8 2 ;9@,7; 2@84>; ,@6...[ 2 /2 389@4/0@, /4/28,2 2 >7/36" 2, B@/6, //289,4,,. 1? 84; 6>6, ,>4,, P6;-,46 78 C84; 06?; 2/@32 414,," /?6; =@49@82" 78 2--2894/1@/," =41? 1892;5,82 2 ,@-82/1@8,.

N 8 4/?,2,,2 A3@>?67 ,4@33. C82; 71 1? ;7->78, ,,," 2 /146,482332,:

K; 4/,2; 8-8; 2 --6[ 8 51? 1,>,2" =41? 2 894897>;326"G?2/2;,=?67 @=4/?@326 M/0,= M2-1,;2 4/, 2 7-7/. A>-66, B@/6, /=2//12,,2" >4/?26 7/891 =26146 87/, 9," =41? 29 294662/ /,6, 29 26?@62;.

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

V2/0326 0. K,6 2>2, 29 26?@62;.M48, @- /@148" =41? 2 8956=@9326 ,2/@/;494,, 2/2;/ 2 2" 2; 2,, /6, 46626 78

/2-2>, 2 /2;4@-0/ 8. M48, @- 3946?48" =41? 29 A>-66 4/,. O/?26 /@14826 /@,,2"2;@- =2 /46>,@; 4/62 67; 46,4826.

R> @- //262,1 /,4-6?48/, 366 2 -71 1?//,. U-2 29 29 288946?W U-2 W D 2=2-21=//@ 294662/ 897,489/4,,.

A3@>?67 1?268 84;2, 896>,, 22 ,4/80 ,96;7, =062 2/2,," =4889 =,;1 1?>/,, D768,4-6?@6" ,@6 B@/6,4, ;,/,4,,2 2 =@9@30/ 78 290,2 8" =41? 8892,7-,. A 2 ,, 7/,//,, ;44- 679788/ 78 8,7, =4/4;;2/. N 41/2/;494,, 8/" 8 87->;/,. A=@6?894- 29 2-662 @>2/4 4/, 51?" /?6 3@62,4862;/@,6 2 @,. V71- 2" 2 71- 2,2/4826 >-8 -2" 2/?66; 6 ,2289,2/,2 -71" -718-710,2W E9 718 0" 9 718 -W M2>6 =@/@8 297-," =41? /?66; /@,=2,2. 6,>2,/26=@/27-978" /?, 6 981@/, 78 6 8 ,285,4,, / ;8;-@/?6 982-64;8@12" =89668/78-/ 890 6 /=," 9, 0/ ,>,2. A =@9@=49 ,=@, 6 =, 29 29 288946? 78 =2 35-@82

34/>411@ ,89 B@/6,4, @ 0W 71 =2 @- 71 2,,2 6 8 =@9284>;. E9, /895//=,2992/ 2 16?1@882/ 8936" 2, 2 2 8973/ ;4/28.


28/175

M=/?, 66?, 1,>4,," 3896,,, 2 ;,2,@8,. U1? ,,," 6,=2 , 8 ,, 4/62 789-B@/6, 922-@30/ 78 8@6 4/?,2,,2 2 ,@-82/1@8,.

G?-? S92689/0" L@89/0 1?;4- 1?@@62; ;7, /@6?2" -4889;7; 294; 8" 1?[A;@- 29 2; 2-0;@2. 8 2 @84>; K2,=? /@6?;2" 1? 9; 29 ;46,89; 29 >76[A ;8 K2,=? E89,-" 4/?26 0; 29 8" 6, I8," 6, 2 676[

8 >6 B@/6, /5/, =4/>/@1 2-?67 0596 ;20 ;7, 672 129>288946?," T0,=?67, 78 B2? B@/6, ;>736 2;2-,2; @-6. R71 ,@289; 78

89,8718;" 93 089@112912,0 /=21?,2 ;,. M71 /, >. M;4- 2 >768,4-6?2621?288946? ;37;/, @2/" 294662/ /46>4,," 1? 7/76" =41? B@/6, 2>134889/2 -2,2" 2, //6 /;,,,. H@, 29, 6 @-,2 3. L,294,, A33@9@32" 4,,;,,," 89-6, 6 89@@-2 1 ;//,, @8@-4/62 S9248;49@->4," 9367 2332

;,,, 21?46@, 16,6> 78 433 8" =41? ,, 1" -, G?-? L@89/062; =2/7;4, 39,485," 2, @8 6 ,,, 4/62. H896 89@@-2 2 -261 7->; 2/146,48233W M21@2/ =49,2 -89 29 /89@4/@82, 78 0/ 8919,, /6,76?, 8" 2,76 ?67 2/@ 8 5-,2 78 71 826@/;494,, 8 2 ,@49,@6.

9336 2 129>288946?4; /89,,,7; 29, 2 89,8718," ;6; ,@289@2/ 29 A3@>?67=@9,2-,@8@6 328@8;4>,2;. T>2" =41? 2 =/?3/ ; 1?//; ;," ,>2" =41? 84;84;2-0 88927/78, ;,,; /" 84; ;8 ,/2/28 =28964?67 ,>,@-2 ,62" 71 6;@33" -, 2/0895633" =2B@/6, ,>62 1 -0/; 2/2,. C82; =2 6; >2-4/62;" 6>636 ;>- 2662;" 2;;4-6?-=,; 1" 2;;4- -7/=,67;" =41? 6 ;,2, 29 >4/12; ,@6" ,2" =41? 3@- -@6, 7->;/>67;.

M;4- 93 /6, 78 B@/6, =292,," 2 129>2,89,;" 8@64; 78 37-/; 89-6?6 1>,;"; 8 6> />284; /776 ;833621?433 ;@7-@736" =896 93 84;;2/ 621?433 7-,88927/78, >976" -89 6;; 8 84; 6>6 /4;4>@8, / ;//,, 6796. M1>,;"=41? A3@>? 48, ;981@/2 ;,. N 51? ,-,76,. M6>6 2-2>, 2 -7136. B@/6, 71 2=22882/ 8 /?36 266? -7, //, 29/,, ;> 67/;/ 41/2/;494,, >@1" 76 87173/.

I>=292 >1 ;786 ;>," ;786 ;/,X /4214/6 8 @-, ;X 62=48892, @/?2,. D7/36 -/ 87/," =41? 9 736 /89-=2//4,, >@3;@, 316 2 3-;36" 2 M21?2-48 6 8-36 78 89032 =49,2" =41? /66Z8;-2 2/;22>@896" =2 29 26?2 =@-4 2-@, 2>62 6; =499@.

H@, -6>/;99W M7-, 8 ;7->9>[ V>>" 2/?;, 2;2-4>" =896 2 ,> 6>W 4/, 2@/289. E9, 8 @-,2 B@/6,. P46,4826 ,>,2 2 8922;2, /-" > 29, 8" =41? 29 26?2 621?4694;46 667" =2 9, ;44/?26 7-, //289,26@ 1;7-6. J08@148 ,6>7-;-@/?67, @,8926"6>6 22;2, 2>6" 2@6>7;496 212 ;-/" ;76, 2 @62;" 9 4/, 29 2 89-" 2,89-,,,X ,/2>46;76 6 8 89-" -, 896,76 51? 7-9,, 78 =2 6 4/?24>6@62;=499@" 2;;4- 336 29 08@1@62; 1;-/787, /@,,2. D 88927/78, 8. M-, 6 89232>86;6; />6" =41? 6>6 29 7 78 6>6 4/14, =494,, 89032 B@/6,. A9 1?;" =41? QG298 3@-0 @,6 2/2/?; 62 7829, 8" =41? 89,;9, 1?;36 2 2,2/ K492 3/, > 89-,67 =56.


29/175

R092 288946? 7/76;6 //26,4,, 2 @-2: M/?; K49@;30/ 2/0[ A 9871;3/[ 78 29, 1-85,76 B@/6," ,4@33

;7->9,,: M/?6 ;4- 3-[ H41? =5@; 29 2@,[ B4/>98@-62; 29 >833; 2X @- 2 21@7326 129>@8;4>; T; >7;76 46>,2

A3@>? 78 4/?,2,2 21?2-@912,,2" /?6 ;,6 />5/; 6>" 1? 29 >833;" 6, 22;" 6> 894-12/28" ;44/? 6;@ 3-;.

A9 -1288946? 1? ,,," 6,=2 1?/86 =2//12,6@" > >6 1890/2/," 1? /@,894,,"=41? 2,6@/ 2-2>, 29 /7:

U1?" ,=@, 2 B4/>98@-7[... E9 2 ;93/8 4/, 29 , ,8,7- ;9,,. I,, 6,,; /D768,4-6?@6. A9 76 1?-;;4-4326 29 2; 129>2,89,6; 4/,. J0/ 8-,6>1?;,... J@,890,@-82 4/,2; 2 ;833;. H@, 621?46 0" =5> 1. K887/146>4/;494,,X 29 2;2 ;-/ =2/;" 8892/7;9 484/?. A9,@6 =499@,,,:

D 5-> 1" =41? 8-16?996 >736X /?6;4- 889/ /- ;// ,6 26>718943@;2,...

H896 71 661. M6>1?W A9 > 1@/,49=2,. A9 /?, 433 /- ,>6... B@/6,62; 6 ,6, /" =41?

K2>22/2 6 4/,2;.

IV.

,>62 8, 1,, G298.A946 2 ,/7- ;264,," / 8 =667 29 3-" =41? 2/1 ;7, 7 2 984;7; -7 4/, 2 @/?@6. G298

3@-0 2/2,, 4/?26 37;78" 2;@- 29 29 -1 ,2-;2 06" 2, 4,,=46 @- 2 @1 2 212 - 48, ;44/?62; /@,894,, 78 4/?2, ,,, =499@" 2/?, 6 @-, 4/62,/. A -=@92,@-0/ 3897/,W

T>4" 6 //; /?6 89;4826 7 C=092 676=9X 26 8 2 6?2 892302/ >,,,. M2>6 -0228 36?4@8, ,,," 2;4- 2?672/ 4>266 /;/,,,; 2 ;8

892/46326" B@/6, /;587-, G298,. S90,/26 6,; @, 2 621? 37>/6" 890,/26 / 2 /7 /,6," /?6 146>,-=8 2 32-@,2. V2


30/175

=41? 67=@6? ,-7@8 ,-,76,, /46>4,, 29 621@, 16?4/0 =4-@2/: 1? >-2=8,0-@,"2=4/ 8,, 2 593 8;@8,0/ 78 2 >-2 2 2-,-0/ -@484/?14,," 2 @8;2, 2 64,, /"4@1?;," > A3@>? 7-9," =41? 6;4- 7;46? -@6< /6, 1 2=4/4;@6" 6,=2 1?261? 8,7, 146>4/2, 30/ /41/2/6@. V246 322 /=,[ 2110>4,,B@/6, 78 @-,2" =41? /7- 2 /76, /4/,262;. A9 26?@ 6 89-," =2 73-6 ,2-,; 2

,. O6626 2> 8892;587-/; 1?-,?@2/. M14->/,2;. A=41? @,87,@/,2; 2,2;.

A ;7, 2,2/3- 2 ,4-46?8943@326 893/, 1?@882/. A9 4/280/@2 //,,;;8;6? 2-26?,@6?7-, ,,, 29 289,2/-2" 6>6 1?73 =4@/?326.

K2>2833 ;4-326" 6, 2 K2>27/?@/,49@8@,[

C82; 66[ V4/,@/ 4-486@/[ V26 2/2 ,6," 2 189,,,[ @14,, =@, ;93 ,@-1?/21488@ -/,,,, =26146.

D=41?" 2;;17898718 21?4;W @/2894/, G298. M718 29, 146>4/4" 4;48" =2 29

36, /9... /9 >736...8 48, ;887 =48892>2/2826 /,@-1?2/,2" =41? 2 67-7/ 6>6 21?46 >4/1@,,89,@9,2" 48," >6 S9/@1?326 @-, 6@/2X >79,, 89@4;2, 78 2 3-,4;2 2>2,2,X 2 ;82>088@12 2-2>, ;2,462;4-@30/" 29, 8 ;9,," 51? @- " =41? 51? 6>6 4; 67/;/ 78 /?6 2,2/46 2 =2/@/4>>2/41/2/;494/[ E9 718 ,-789,8W @14,, ;93 B@/6, 78 48," >6 212 34/>4162;7-9, 21@," 2>6 61-/,,7 ,,, 2 G298 ;,/@,@82.

M89@ 6>66; 4;2 /1?6[ ;7->9, 2 @8;" 29,@6 ;887 ->76 /484/?4>4,,. T1?; /" =41? 2 ;,6 H46?>\ /" =26?2,, @12 21@, 1?896;" /,, 3-,4;32 /7" ;7, 7, ;// ,/,86 ;//> 1?,6 A61/@326 21?F-26


31/175

G298 621@-0/ /,,," 2--0/ 2 ,>@8@1?-0/ 78 7=871-/" 2//?/ ;2;4>2 6>6 ;6?,@6" 67, /490@, 3, 78 ,-,76/ ;,. N?/@6 2 84-,326 78 /7=28@1326//289,4,, 7, 2;2-,2 0,4/6 51?.

K896" =41? 392/2>>2/ 1,89,/89. T-789,8" =41? @//2/4. E/71172/08956,/6" =41? 84- ;-/6 -@X 29 , 212> ;/>> 2> A61/@32" 71 =2 2;

89/,676; 8.G298 6, @//, /: H232;; 4/, 29 ,4/80 ,@; 2

98>0;" =41? ,@62 =4@ /6; 2 6>/6;W 621?4, 6,,, ,-@1@- ,-7@@6" //?/ ,@6 21=2,4,,8@1@, 3-;4/,2. M718 2 ;6?,4,, ;9, /16 894-5,4,,2 1 78 ;887 =488928268" 2;@-=2 3 / @- 0-@1 29 A-26?48 ,7-8716. M@->1 4>289@6>7;49,2;" 2 1?2;4-/0@/?@6 /981@9,2,6 2 /42;2,. K/686 2 1?4-828@1;2,.T;6," =41? ,, 26 H46?>\" 9 2 ;/28898-86?=9 7/,0 ,/7-" -> ,@46

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

H5>46 66; @,. A 4/?0 =7-6 8,/. E1? 712>@- 89@// / =-,/6 ;@/,@882/

;9,/6 2 894897>;30/X 92-;7; -=@2 @@-, ;-/ 412 ;, //6. M48, 4962; / 892;@//28 -4,4;;@ 78 7;46? 98,89@/2;;@ 2 6?@-@; 2123412 ;9,,"-098294@6< /; 711 2 ;9/ 8-6" 6,=2 2 ,-789, /-/62" 2/2,, /489,2-=@@, 2 62.

8 33/ 2 ,,4;8-8713/ @-2,/26/ >3-1 =261 890/2/ 1. M6,=2 2/2 -426,3/8 >434, -676; 621?46 /288 ,36. F-0


32/175

;461@8@=49 ,@6 71 /16;@33" > 9 7/ =261" 6 =4/," 6, 2 =4->07. P2-26 @,6?42 2 2/4@-4; /7. C82; 2 2 -98;9,, @,89->;" . 1? 889/ /22> 29 A-26?48. N 8 =667>" /?6=2,2/28 ,> /66 ,228892/" =2 2 ,/80 4/>2/ ;7,/8 2-,2 6 3946?5,26@" /?6 -/,> 892;5,26. O,, -/18 48@8" 2;@-=2 14/012 @3-2 4/62X /1// 2 -@8," 2/2,,2 28,2178 985-48 =89 ;,76" 29,@6 @/,2;492 7;46? -7,1;36 21?21 78 ;262; ;. S9@;-2 2/2 8@-1@8892;2>7;22/ 78 1?1? 89/ 671?891 4/,@2/" 433-0/ 2 M2-4846 ,/ >434;" 32/-0/>1 621?46621?46 889 2 T4->2=282>7; 1-62/@6" 2=4/ 6?5/1?68" =2,89@9 7,- ;7- 78 ;7, 9@89/08 096@2/

//.K7, ;- /288 6;2 ,@6 ,, -03@/@; ; /33 29 ,78 C82/@," 2> 2 2,2/ M6?7,,"

=499@7-6 29 -2;2, 2 ;@/0 ,/7-7=9.B@/6," J@1- S46;2 78 P8," 2 /4@891?-; 2 >/,-0/ 1?/,7; 29 ->76?,. A9 /8

;587-/, 8@6 6, 713. C82/2 /71 0/ 35-,2 H46?>\ //,," >2/?86 S46;2. E1?;/46;2, 8 2>6@ 4>2 297-, 2 \ 9, 7/-7-,,,. T@6 29, =,," 6; 890/ 29 2 84; Q;/4. -@-789/ 2/2; ;23@/6W V21? 29," =41? 9 129 -86?" 2, @- A/2146 8 ,@/,. H-,/6;/7 1-35, 2 =@,@," 2 2 ;7, /@32 ;9,, 78 212 ;-/ 4-412" //@1?4-826 34;;4/ 2

897/-0982 6>6 -@6?@326. G298, 9 4/? @-2,/26/ 7-," =41? 9,,2/ 3946? /-/, -0/2"> ,2/-2" 32 67/;/.N 51? 2 /4@891?-;W" A @," 0-@8 1-@882/ 2 /13 89;;6" 89176? P8, >1" 6,2 =//0 43@/62 897, /42, 78 /4284;2,. B@/6, 6;76,/6 /;2 @1,@326G298 /7 6>/. M/// S46;2 @1,2, / -2,2-2,@326 1?68, 2 1@9/062;.

M-, P8, /892/289,4,,2 2 1" 6, 2 6?5/" =292/7W !1?26 66@892,6@/ ,2-,2/7;=@,28/06 ;587-, B@/6,4,. M6>1 29, /8," ;4- 4,,?26 / 2/2;" =41? 29,@6 =2-@W


33/175

288909=28846 =1?6/1?6 29 /89232>/, =@,28 ,@6. //2 2 -> ;61?/36" > 6/=24/2" 6, 2 984;7" =26 212826 ;,4-6?48/0 >-7;;2/" 2=41? 2 -71 21?2- =89@-"1? 89@1/> / 2 4/?0 /7 78 @- / 8 ,6, 366.

A9, 2 3>8 >1,W 6, @- 2 ,/7- =@,@-0/ G298 3@-0" ;4- B@/6, 4>27-. H@,6 /,/62; 87, 2 2-;32" 2 N21?3-; 891,7-.

J@-6; ;-/ ;887 29 876?;6 2284/2 A3@>? " =@,=2 ,2/@/;496; 2/2/. A>@2> 3178;4- 84;;2/ 34/46>233" 6, 2 621?892-28" 6?1,2/26233 78 ,4@33 2-2>;6,...

A /; 2-2>, /4@89, =292;/>,7; 78 ; ;,,6 7/-4->/,2;" 3 2 8-8713.M@- 2/1 26 6?42 2 -11/ ;>6;. A 2>;4/0 9-6? 4/?46>@-2" 2 @- /8@-1/,

3-; /8 89@-2" 34>9@; 78 282;2 ;892 8976? 78 ;;76?34;-4; ,8 17 3,9

2 62" 8,7, -48,7/?;76, =21?2 ,7->; 2-0 @1248 6?@- >-;@, /;22=7- ,6?-7/" @8;46 2 1-96@8 ,-98, ;2-4/2 711 ;/ 4/, 6>6/7"8,7,;7; 8@4; 78 2;5,0 76?; ,@6@8/ 29 0-@8@; ;4-46@@-0/ 29 @-6?7; 3,/ >" 4;,2/26 >430>; ;-89,/ 29 2/80676?9, @8 49>/2, >434-4>@826.

M48, 8 2-@98->" > @8" 6, 2 8,, @-@326 -11/. I,,4,, 2 ;6,,.

N7=4/ 2>/ 9/> -7,- 4/>2/@6 =2/2>,2; 48,. K2>2, 78 1@//,. N@> 78982-2; ///6; ; 2 7/?3/. O,, 6,=2 5,4,,2 2--2 2 ;26/ 2 6?-136" =@, =2,2/28 >@3;2 -1,2, ; 2 /@,=2,2,/26 7/?8713/ 78 1@//.A/1 ,59/778-" 4,, @//. S97/8 /2@,2 897/->6;" =2,2/28 ;7, 89@112/ ;9,,.

B2-62-48 -=@@6 =7- 46,84-4;. N 621? @//2," 2;@- 1? @84>8 13946?484>@6" =41?,, 3-8921 8 6 2/2=46626" 8892>432 21@, 78 @- / 8 ,6, 2 6@>326.

G298 /;42>2//2/ 87/," ;4- //7 ,4,,: O43414,, 2 895. I8,66;=@/2" 170-@-2 7//7 @-@6" =2924->/,2;.


34/175

E1789 ;-@6>/@8; 2/2,, K2>26; /@,894,,. D W M2> 1894;@;...E9 621?46 ;8-6 =26194,,.

A3@>?67, 2 =@9 /,, ,2/@/,@;" 28,21 892-283- ;89,?/ 89-6, 2-2346,4,21@=49 =5,2:

F2" 2>> 3 9;, 2 -@14;2, 2-26> 1" =41? ,1?6; 3//2 6>718943@;32 8.

V>@ /7,;;/ ,, 29 7-;9; /7. N2" =41? 4/,[ M, /@,,2,4;[ J-,;" /6; > 2 =@9 /7. S9-,; /?6;4- 6246 /6.E/,, ;, 2==49 2 2>=49" =46626 0/ /@,894,, 2 2,;0>2- ;22. 8 4,, 621? 7/9,,/

=2//12,,2 G298 /46>@8@," 2; 48, -2 /,, 29 ,-7@8 4>4-@, 78 -;/ 2>,2 /";76, 4,,?26, / 78 /?6 48,43@6X 2 >@3;2;2/26>4, 78 H46?>\ 895>4341@8@,. A>768,4-6?2 /42;2, 8 1> 2 89 1?2;-26 ,7>, 2 ;2 /7. K492 -46 48, 7-;9; 2 7/ ,96;,,88/... 46>,2 1? //8/1" 29,@6 ,4@33

30/4612,4,, 2--2" 2, G298 87/,.

E37>67/ 29 6>71, 433@-2 /,,," 2 ,-789,8" =896 K2>26 736 1?89-: 2 89/,[email protected]," 7-, 6" K492 B4/>98@- 2992/ 3488926,2 1" =41? 6?5/, //9/246

1-2,/@/ 78 6>6;4- 4>25-2 2 ;4-@," 2, 46,4826 ,>" =896 1?261? 736 89/,,, 8.

C82; 290,2 ,89 9," 20,2 /,/,,, 29 ,6,. A>>1 84=28 5-," 4/, 8892" 6/7;9,," =41? 2/2=2 8 187-,,, 4/62" 8, ,>,2" =41? 6>1 32-@,8@148 4/,6>6;=9 78 ;/686 ==9 2 B4/>98@-=49" 2; -4;468968 4/, 78 ;>8

@,890,@-82. H@, 2;;4- 9[ 8 76 / 412/2 867, 78 =2-2112/ 146>4/, -@. D 66; 48,6?42 862 /" /?6 0/ 412>,2" /?6 -4;46896/ 3897/, 29 2@-0/" /?6>@26. H2>> /@882 2 76 K492" =41? 2 146489;4>@82 17896 =2,@8,2/26 78 =@322/0. A9,


35/175

8 =2//2 1" 66?- 2,2/48 71" >2 / 366" 2;66?337 ,89 2 08@148 89-7,. 8 =2 6 8 3897/ =499@" 67=2 @,8--26 2 89 2

894897> 2,2/3-6" 6,=2 =2846/08@14, ;-86 ;-5 ,2,@- @1@8" 621?46 32-62 2- ,@6" ;,;@7 ,@6 2 =@9288946? 2284/,2: 6676; ; 6> 2 768=9" /?

82-;289@/@8 ,@6 6>1 /6 2 =1? 89762-/ 78 ,, /1/ 29 2/80 2-; ,89,@826. M48, ;76 6>/6 6>@-, 46>4,,2 " /,, 8,7,>;. B@/6," ?67 621?46 -/" =2

,412,=2,2 2 2-;4," /?, 2;;4-2 89-,,,/ @4/, 78 8975,,,. 1? ,,, @- 29 22"621?22. E9 8 ,-2>57; 1?/ 78 @/>492,;789871 2/;4,2 1 29,2 897871," 26; / 2 2. E66; 89@48 7,9>;- 26 89;871" 251 29 @/,2/@648;7 2/;4,0-789877 @/;X 251 129@6 7-76?8/6 ,>" ;// 2==49 ,6 89,6> 8. N2" =41? 389;7; 4/,2; -@.

M;4- R092 288946? 78 ;587- 2 2,;0>2--2 6,;" =41? 29,@6 ; 2 ;26 78 897/8

7/;-, 5-2 /88262; ;4=49" B@/6, 78 G298 ;9,/6/ 87,@/,2; ;29 7892; ,-289-0/ 2 -098@8;-,3" =4/ 2 6?5/1?68 ,2, =@-28 /727-6;" =896 22/4@-4; ,, 26 /,,; 2/1 @- 89@9 /778 " ,/ -2,2" 4,, 433-0/ 71 2 /42; 8 /@,89262;2 8917/?9 34;-4; 1?7-/, /43@6 ;-89,/.

P@- /778, 67@6 6,;. A9,@6 B@/6, 890/2/, 1: S4;2, 146>4/;49,2 2946" 2, ,162 8, 3897/,7/. A9, ,2-,4" 29 2 324>" =41?

6>1 1?>/ 21? 4,, B;;86. A,,0/ ,-6189 , 266?,. M1 ;76 =@9284>64>... A 6W 46>,2 =2-214826 G298" 621?4, /1?6, 2 ;2-@2/. D 16. R1,6 @8;7 /@,6@/ 6>6,. A;;4- 4/6@62; 8 ;2.

A 6W 87,/, -2 2 @8;" 2> ;8@-,2,2 =499@,,,: A9,@6 6 8 ,>67;3@66 216;2,2 6/X 76 @1 27/ ;8 894/1@/0;... E92/0 6;X > 2/2 6@-, L28;2. M@- 7; 0,2 @-2"=41? 1;7->.

E/46>,2" /?6 4;48" ;>8" 1?89- 78 -2289;4>2 ,,, =499@" ,>2" =41? 9 0" 29, 6>6; ,>2.

A 67,W 46>,2 -2 G298" > @- 6 4/?26 -7/?86. P-89 =41? 89-/8" @- 2 @-8;/0> 3@/ 0,2. E/7;89/[ 8 129@6 0 4/62. N21?46

=@928. C8648" 17898718. J0 129>288946? 8 39,4826" =896 29 26?2 433;9. K4-326 8,2/@/ =499@>" 6 27/ 1-/8" =896 @- =2, 7" =41? 3,2,,@;.


36/175

G298 3@-0 ;887 146>4/;494,,: T2/@6 46>289 2/2... 3@2WT33, 6 3897/,; --/.

A 768/@,412,@8 /71 =488926 ,2-,4,," -, R092 288946? 1?6;6, 21?2-@9,2 / 2

=8946671? 26?2;26 7->;8 4/,";/686 /0,6?789,; 89@@-2" -, 0/ 7-,,, =499@ 78 84; 7 ,2289,2/2,@-0/ ,>4,,389@4/6.

A ,/2>468@14; -;/787-/ 84; 1?/- 7/,0, 46>4,,. M66?- @//26>0 9 62;

2 @-4/>2/ ;-89,3 78 /,, 2 ;28,7/? ;4/@8 ,4-6?22/. A =2/@6?8@-12 71- 4/28,7,65-0>;. A 3@8,?@; -792,6@8 >78 8 9/> 666" =26 2>6 ;,76; /@,89; 2626?1,2 8@-@6?8956 =@,,-76.

E/7117 =8>; @-" 718 //,; 4,,. M/?6 1?6?6// ;-6?9 0/7," 897871 78 22 6?44-,26?2 ;9,," 2/?-6;76,/6 8892 ;//,, 146>4/62.

H-,/6 1890/2/,:

T2/@/;49,2 L246 =2,4,, @,. O,, 29 ,,0/ 433 ;79-

621?4332 ,/," 251 2 @;-48 17-,,," =41? 1 2;2- @//26X 51? =@, ;887

,42,4,,2;" - /89@//=2,4,,. A 894897>48 -8 ,/;,/ 6, 8892. D 2/1 ,4,, 2;-5,78 ;9/73" L@89/0 /@//," =@,2, 2>4,, 78 36, 2 =@932.

N ,>,2" , 4/,2: 6894; 2/2, -0/2. P@-894- 5-,2 6; /, 6?@- 0,2" > 84=28 //,.8 B@/6, /2>,2 29, 2 ;8,.

T22/? 6?@-46 =2//4,,2" =41? L@89/0 /2>,2 2 3-,4;@,X 718 4,, /2;; 1? =@9326"2, 1,2-,4,,. E9 >76 ,228892/ -2 5-, 78 1;56@/,2 29 26?2 6736 8" =41? ;/,996


37/175

>X /2;=2,62 ,, 66" 21? =2 433 89-," 4>2/66 29 2/80 >2-326" 2 2 621?2@7 4/,"A3@>? P7,-7. E-- 8 @/2894/,. T2/@6 433 89-, 51? L@89/0. T>2" =41? ,, 661>67; 66.

A9 29 93 ,, 1 K49@->4," 2; 29 26?@ 089@112912,02 4/,. 8 29, @//5,2" =41?2/2 7/,@-2>7;4, 9, 6;. M66?," 6 ,>4. M212 6 7-6,;9 93/.

E/=2//12,,2;. M6>6; L@89/0-2 146>4/," 8944- 84-8@-2. A3@>? /@//,: A9 26?@3946?@-2 @- 6;, 98466@=49.

A9,@6 16>/,2; =292/7 [email protected]@- 2>6 2 @-=1? 2/@ 7-,;" 2;4- K2>26 12/08/, 2;,;9 =0624;326.

A 6>71; ;4-2 -11/ ,@49@6" 8, 32 1" ;7-" 29 2@62; 890/, K492 -46=49" ;936 ?67 " =41? >9/ 78 87/ / 6;" 2, ,, /@,4,, 78 29, 8" =41? 3@- ,/6; 297;" 76 71 6>1 /71 -88 21?4; 78 6 621?46 3@64 2 ;4-42,...

E-- 2 46>2,-2 ;789/, @- -11/ 0,2. E9, 2 7-19,, 6?/2, 89@6,2 1?;4-@,890,@-8@62;. H2>> /@882" =41? =@32 146489;4>; / 78 17896 =@32 -03@/2 ,3488926,26 2992/ 2 -7; 78 66; 621?46 -/, 78 621?46 08@14826 484/?14,,.


38/175

II. RSZ

I.

G?-? L@89/0 23326 2 =@9326 /2;4,," 2, 8892,2-,4,," >6 48, @87/ 7 23-,4;@, /2>,2. -1 " B2/41 M@-,46 2,, ,,,X 2662; 2;2-,2 2@6>7;496" =41? 2763- 6 ;-/6 29 , ;28,7/?32. A--2" =41? 212 > ;-/" 2--2 848146>4/,.

K788/ 29,@6" =41? 23326 2 @-@6@/ 33;4,, -78916 29@-4;32" ;8 1?/428 89;7- ,, 29 4-89@1,46. B846 78 2

=4/-2 8 1?@9946" 251 >4/12 ,@6 @-.V8892,7-78;4- ;2,2 / ;, 2 =2-. A 89-6? 897/ //6 2/12/1 =2/2>, 6?44-/,

137;. 1? ,4,,2; 29 22=>2 28=5> ;9/73. O,, /@,,@; 1 L@89/0,. A ,-0/48=2-/@2 /@15,4,, -@.

H28@6," 2 2-, 4/>2/@326 ;>," 2 =0 01" 6>8 =0 2>6 ;09265,4,,2 @-" > 266?-2 1 4/, >->" =41? 2/1

,>4,, 49>/6. K/,7;. B;,,,7; 2 ;4-;@32. 1? ,,7; 21;;2/ K49@->-2. A892,04/,2" /89@//5,2 2 ;28,7/?32" =2 2> =2927-6;. D 4/?26 ;786 ,4,,2; 4>2

78 2 /42, 4/," 3946? / 6 35-,2 4/62 =96 2 89;-, 2 >4346. 1?=@, B81?//2>@82 /89" 2, 294-48 3946?48-2 ,," 4,, ;76 2-2>62 =,;1. 93 >1 294662/ -2-@/,2,6 2;2-2 291789 =@92,X @- 2//7-, 8 =494,, 21@2/. NW O>2 6 =,;W 51? 2>0>4,, =@, 29 214/>@8" =41? L@89/0, 2 894897>48 37-8=@932 89@//5,4,,@;" 2 2 89-9>78 89-6, 8 7129 7. -1 894/1@2 8 4>2;/,9,, -89. @4/,2 =4889 3,1871 2/2,,. A ;8 R162 8@,@,89;,, =499@; 78 815,,, 6>636" 129@6 621? 3912/42/" 51? 2-2>, 7/,36G?-?. S4; =0621 4/, 3,1 78 3@- 2 6?@- 717- ;1?01?/, 2 ,>1?//2>@830/" , 8892 33/.

A 1?01?;9/78 ;/,8717, /6, 93 @//2/,2. G46>4/,2" 0 /89 9" =2 2/2=2 A3@>?7;-,2,6@; 29 8/;>787, G?-?/ 8936. M>6 2946326 2 3,1871 =488926/=90>4,," 1? 897 62 ;/6,,," =41? 3946? ,4@33 6 9,.

K7,8718" ,-,76, 4/62 L@89/02/" =2 @- 622/ 29,@6 1 6 /6; 2 892,0" >-. S2?. I>8 3-" B8


39/175

266?,. T33, 6. K/=2,4,, 78 1 4/, ,/,2" =41? 3@-, =,/996" 21?/- 2>46. A9, 8" =41? /46>2" =46626 2 769.

L@89/0 ;/636 6 8 ;7->9,. N7=2 1?26 89;>,, 2 892,04,,.A1? 8 2/1 ,,. A 76 B2/41 /@8,2 2 =@9 1,, ;-,,. I666 ;-/, 2/2 9/>871

1 ;-/ 29 289,2/-2. E33/ 7/, /1 L@89/0 78 2 769 0 -7897, ,2/326 89@4/,2 /B86;" S2? -262;.

1? ,/, / ,33 6, 1? 89,6>. L@89/0 266?-2 1?61 4/," =41? 2/1 49>/, ; 2=@930/" 4>2366 /, 21? /,, 78 6 29, 8 7->; 67/;/. E1?3, 1?@/,2/@6 64/284,,. N7=2 @,6, 2 892,0/?6,,, / 78 84; 2-0/7;488@112/ 3897/, 621?/@1 7/,7-/" ,@-82>2/ 8;--/" 294;-0/ 2-71 >;-/" 2;4- /,@611?61871736 84;;2/ =22-@33 -14,, 3" @- ;7,=@-4 ;,,21@-0/ 78 22 4@-0/" /?36 2;;4-326 7/,. C82; 1 ;//,, 6>5,26 78 @- 6,,, 2890,. A 826?4/ ;-@/? 8,7/?7-/" 2 3@/4;-0/ 2 ;-@/? @-326 21? @8 2/4,@;326" ,6>;//2;4@;-0/ 78 66;-/. A B89 ,6>;/ 8/@1. A9 2-26?48

,-;" 3@-846? 3,4-4;" -@112-2>@; 78 98;2" 1?6?- 6; 1?6?- -=@;326"-21?410 9860- ,89,;" >58921?2-48 /6,7; 78 1@->8,@;" =- 212 /,, /@,,2 78 @,7/,. S933 4/, 96>6 8767/" 2, 4/284,," 21? =2//4,,. 8 212 L@89/0" 9 2 84@6?" 2894,, 2-, 23/ ;-@/? 4/, 29 89@@-2" 6?44-8@1-2/@,;494,, Q-602.

,;6?;/ 29 @-85,0289,2/>89;@6" =2//12,,2 6>6 892@,.T9@6-8 =22 ;-//4341,2 ;8;6?" @- 2>6 /@6?48 897871 2-436" 6,=2 6 7-,,, 4/62 2/2," 2;;4- 71,33 -789/,, 46> /" 2-26?8,@8 /2;@4;" 8/?37/78 =6,0;" 98,,@6?7-4; 78 29;2;;6833 =/1?;8/6;" 0-@8 1?61?;-/ 78 -36-0/. C82; /?6;, =2//4,," 2,/26 ;5@66 817>;9,, 29 @4/@8326" @- 9 8 621?-7- 4/,. K9/33 ,4,, =499@. D 48,W M48," =41? 67=262 ,, / /,," ,, / 78 87/


40/175

6;" 1?>/ 6;" 29 2;;4-2 34/>418@1 4--@82" 4/?26 2-@98/2,48 78 -,7/?86 912,0" =41?2,2/ //;7, 3,/,,, 17896. M6>29 2 -21?41@8" 2-/ =2//4,," 29 89736 29" 2, ,/ =2//4,," ;/78"2 1?>/ G?-? ;-7 5- 1/0-@, 78 --/ " " 2 ;8 R162" / ,2/@/2 2 34/,326.

M6,=2 1?/67" ;4- ,@49; 29 22" 6,=2 294662/ @,66" =/?, /6, 2;@-S9248@--2" 2;@- 4>2; 2 9-" =4/ 21? =2-6< =4/> />7, /,, 1? 8 @82>08@2/. E9 /71 -,;@6 ,-,76;" ;7,=@-4 =7,36 1?89-. D /?6;4- 3946?48" =41?294662/ ,, 26 78 -6>89-6, 1?>/ 2-2>62;" -, B84/1278 89@48 2-033 1?-;7/.

R162 1? 7-9," =41? 2,,2 6" /," 29, 8. K7, >4/41 ,,, ;5@62,488@"=41? /?6;4- 66 @,. A9 1?; 29 2 ;-/76?" =41? 29 ,2//2/ R162 6 ;2-;4>4,,1?" 2=41? 2 0 B8@892,4," /46>=2,,2 6>29," 2 ;-/,, 29 621? 89-/7," K/@-@," /46>=2,,22662; 8943@@," 2=4/ 1?,/61?89- 1=2,4,, 6>6," 6>6," 2, -;-/89,,, 82@, =3@@30/. D 84=2 2 K/@-2 67,. S4=2 8, -0/2" 4/, 78 @-2>,. E,, 3//" > 6 146>4/, =499@ 8,. M48, 96 2@84>; 896" 2, ,, 7/, / 2 37-8=@9326" >6 29 /8 =0 1/6," 30/ 6?/ ;-/, 29289,2/@-2.

N?/[ H@, 9 =46626 26[B@- 6 7->;/, 2/2 621?46" 718 1;7->9, 29 -1 894/1@,0/.

V26.E66? 4/, 2 @/289.

D =@, =46626[ T2/@6 2/2; ;/>,[M@-,46 =48892>2/2826 , 889 2 ,@/2," ,@6?7-," ;78," //@," -2;,2 2

,@/1 3488926,4,,2 2 76 B2/41 89;8928@12. R@890/, 7-186:

F// =@,W H46626 26 9 2 6?/[M@-,46 2 ;893-/ 8892679,,. A 89736 -> //262,1 6,=2 76? //2662 1.

A9,@6 1?,/6 890, 36,,, ;:

C82;W8 ;6, 78 3


41/175

M-, 621? 2>4-90 29 U- /,,. E9 4/, 1?,/6 288902. 91?3- -710,2. N 832-@,;494,, 86;/. H4889 7;1" L@89/0 ;8;4-8@12 2/2,," 1?>/ 7/, 2 ;28,7/?326.A9,@6 8 /1,33, 51?" =896 2 2,2/- 2 ;8, 4/, 4,,=46. K462,89, -776. K7, -2/2@8 2

2/3/;;/" 2;; , 9, 0/ ,>,2 31?,2 3-6; ,2-,4,,@;. 9, 6 3@6,2" > =2414,, 1? 8/>," 16?9,2 1?86 78 2/2,, 8,,," 62,89,,.

M-, 621? 4;488@1 ;// 2==49" =41? 29 3- 9, 9=88. T>6 ;//" /?6 9861 21?>-0, 2/0 2 ,-=9. L1433 2 =1>=-. E33/ ;8 6;// ;76, 2;289,26" =41? 1410>7; 366 2 2>. A--2 8 1?@96 ;//" 6=41? 2/2;;089@/0 1,2/@/=2882 78 //42. A9 8 ;66? >4/41 4>2/@,412,6 -;2>@8;4- 267/;/" =41?146>4/6@;" 3 @- 78 =2 26 98@;@6?" =292=496 789-7,/6. T>4@6? ;// ==9 784;4/ -22898@1W

;6 @, @,/26 3-,4;46" 6, K49@->.

A51 66 7/, 2 ;28,7/? 2/2184-@326" 2 =-;4;2, 2 2-; ;/8 981?776 -2;,2 /.K76?/8 >4/41" 1?@962 2/1 ;//,," 2 24- 4>2/66 29 4-89@1, //,,X 2 ;9/73686; 6 /2;4,,... M0,2 2946326 /;/,9,; >" 6=933 2 >4/41. 93 ;-/;-5,,, 22-;4, 78 21? 8 ,-,7; 4/62" =41? 4,, 2,28846. N6@89,-/," 6, 29->W O>2 ;// ;66" 3 2 2,2; /1?76 78 ; 2 >434/>2/32. N=933 51?" > 84;;2/912,033.

R426, -2289/ 89/, ;.N=41? /,67;" > /@88@;"7-, @-, 29 ->6. G-376" ,->,,6 /7,," 621?4;2, 80=2,4,, 2 2/8 =@92; /,," >1>2>2/28 - ,434/, 366" =41? ,/@- 6>6; 8976" ,, 89 2 6?/2, 2 67; 4--2/,, 78 9, 6 ,>2 86;" 71 1 29 1789 ;9871 ,>,2. P-89 6 46>,@; 8 936;" 2;, ,@/,2; 6,2,2-;4>0" 8914- 3-, 78 -@2>@8/ 76?," 8 29 -1 M@-,4662;. H2 6;890/6@62;" 71 892;2>62 2 /2,8@162;. M-, 29 4/,. F1?/,7;" ;76, /42;4>; 29 ->-78 8892" =41? 1?@9" =41? 3;@/" =41? 8956789;>;" ;76, 326>;4/ / @862 2894897> ;98713" =41? 4,, 2>2 / 2 6?/3-, ,,4;326X 6>9, 1/8,7; 78 621?4;2,;29,: M, 89" M@-,46 3@/,: F@,W V21? =41?: A9 @61?4> ,7-1?,W H@, -426, 1?4-41,2; 2 =@,2 1,,78 /?6;4- ;7, =7,1 8 //2,,2; -2,2.

*

L@89/0 -89 , 8 ,>4,, --/.D 2962 76 89560926 4/, 78 -4889;>" -, /41?@6 2 =, @-26>08@1"

1,212>,@; ,/ 2 @/6;@,. A ;8 R162 29 2>62" > 2 76,; >7/,@6 26 8@389 "/?6;4- ; 6 49>/ =29/-0/ B8/

2-2>=28846. B488926;4>4,,. V2/2=46626 769, ;76 ;-5,6. A 89 -@,7>, 2 0;48


42/175

;289,6-" 32-62 6@>-978 /;42 29 7/;6. C8/7>3,4-" 6, 2 ,33 8 ,,X 6>9, 9361>, @, 6; Q621?//;6.

A 89;-76? /2@6 2946326 =4889" 82 3-,4;" @8946 82-4;7>;;/" , >.

A 11/@2 1?7-6 /@15, -@. M718 76?/; 2 82" ;76? 3-" 2 9@-" 2 /2-;4/2,4/, /. E/ 8 /,,,. M48, 2946326 /;/, 78 4>2/7,,. A 3-363-78/, 5-@882/" ;887 =3@826 2 6: QC46, L2>8/28 G-4?. A ;7, 621?676 2@6>7;24/, 9 -718-71 ;2-@6X =41? 6 ,4,, =22-@33 8973[WK,,. 889//89,,,. O/?26 ,;7/,8 ;796;2" 2;@-=2 0-2 4/62. Z2,2/26 6?5/;"

;66?6" 64 /, 1?; 4/>2/," > 6,=41? 9, 86; 8 ,>2 ;,6" =@,1?89-871 4;@30/ ,@;. T22/? 889/ ;-/, >" @//5,0/21 B4-10-0/"2=4/ 29 22 1? 46>@; ;4,, 889. M6>@-, 266? >/2 ;/," =41? L@89/04,, 8,, 889 2 >/ //7. H292 ;//,, 66. F@3@662; 2946326 ;,?2 322 8 4/," 6@/21 8 ;4,,?26, ,59,96, 8,2-/. A90,2 /?6 032-@,8@1 ;,,, ;, 889. P@-894-F@3@6 3,, 21@2/ S9248@--2. O,, 4/?26 >@->0, 4=41@82" 2;@-=2 F@3@6 - =2,2/28 895-78 4/62. C82; 4,,=46 ,2/@/2W 146>4/,2G?-?. M-, F@3@6 84;2, @-;/X ;7,=@-4 62 2 /1,33" =2 ,, 26" 29,@6 -2 ,29;9/, >4/12326.

M48, 8 6>/," 76 8936 2 89;7-6. K97,-," 897/8 @// 3-. G74//02/

34-48,@8-2 6?5-, 7, 3@-@6?3- 82;2 >. S97/8" ;7- 2-- @14,, ;-892;@//"2/?3/ 2946326 2 89@2 82-;2,0/ 2 /71 1 26 =21?2 266?" =41? 2-28948-2=48892335,82 ; 2 3289@,. B@- -8 9 8 78 ;," 718 89232>46 =21?2 28;48" >992>,


43/175

89@@,. U1? =2," 6,=2 -892;;2/ 59896,8- ;7/,7; 4/62 2 89-, ;7,/7. A9 2;2 -8"9/ L@89/0,:

H@, 3 @-89" 1-0[ H@, =499@[ H@, 9 621?89-W ;@/,2 >-1 =261@6. J0/ 3897/21?2-/. C8@6 16?,4,, 21@6=26190 /9;" =41? 6 29 26?26?/. V889289/; 2 =@92>=49" -, 76 6 2-2>=2,4;. I;/0>-2 21?4; 2 36. L2@,89- 262 G?-?, 78 6,=2 =/?;66? 4/62"/6>-5, 29 /783. L778, 66; ,4@33. L@1? 2 =0 78 29 , ;@,?8.

L@89/0 /;56@/2 2 8;@,. A614/ 8;2. N21?46 7-,7;8. M 29 @-2[ ;7-> F@3@6. A;@-W 46>2 L@89/0. B4/46> 21?" 1-0 46>2 F@3@6 ;2@,"

29,@6 =499@,89: H2 769 ;//" 76 2>4; 6;>... A9, 6W H2 189>" 0" > 4 /. H@, 1679.

M17-;9,; 2 =@9=49. B6,;.K7,89@9 ;4-46@, 2>4,, 2 1?-7-,. L@89/0 2 ;29,,@,0/ 8 89232>/6 2;2-," > F@3@6 6

,, 1. M6; 8" G?-? 6 26 -2,2" 2/;2/2,/26 ,@-1?" =4889 78 6=79. N" 296 ;//W A 8;@, 3,,, 2 ;4 P->?;7,6F@3@6 12-;4/,2 2 8;@, 29 621?" >-2 ;9/ 78 ;6, / 29 2,06. M7-, @ 96;[ G?//,8 6>6" 2 Q46626 89@-29;W J0" =41? 6 /@,2 ,337...

M95,/@3 4/," -, @,@94,, 6 1114/2 211?1?-,?2 //,,.6 2 6?/3-, 895,1,, ; ;8;6? >89;2>2-23-2" 6=41? 8899814-4>7;. B23@6679,, 2 129>@@-2.

L@89/0 /;24/41. 8 =4/[E-- @- 6 89586 @/2894/, B2/41. M718 ;3;,:

A9 ->6. U1?W A9 ->6. H/?8W H2 29 29 93 //4,2 ,/ 29 ->," 8892/4; 2

6?/2;2,. N2" > 48, 6 @, B8


44/175

*

E9 4/, 7; 0,2 29 /8 >4/41" 2 L@89/062; -, 4;494,,. Z4614-@=49 1?2;4-/4,, 2,;7/,8- ,>,@; 341496 2 9860-,. M789 1?88711/ 2;289,4,,2 ; @16,76",86?5/@846" 1 6 /@,=2,,2 8 @//2," 8 3-.

C82; 1? 4/, 2 32. A 6?/ 8" 89-; >36 21? 628,7867/ 6 6 29 ->3.

K66 2-2> 2 89@6,@8326 21? 2 ,2-/06. 1? =@, , ;24,,=499@.

A9 2 ,/;" 26 /2;;" 2,32" -, 621?">-248 8956 ,4@8, ,> ,46" 9, 89; A61/@32 ,2,4@862;. H4889 0/ 679 893 22,2;;2/X 2 >43 2/2,, 7176 ;48 >2-46.3- 89; -;;7 /8;/>;. M-, ;4-@6,8 89-,;" =41? > 2662; 9@-2 =44;488,-/ >2-32" =4/ =@32 ;2-1@/62;" 8 2/, ,,, 4@2/ ;7//" 667/,@6 L@89/0 /87,@/, 2 2,2; ;9/73" =4/ 2 76 M@-,46 1? ;>/,71-@, 2-5,4,,. A9 /8 =0 @- /6,. S9@-29" 21?48 > @-, 290,2. M2 2946326 334-/, 2971. M1 2;2-,2 ;7->96 29 -1,/: 246 =0 6" 21? 8. M-, =2 6" 2;;4- ,@6 0 4/62;,66 2 ,-;,. 48, /71967" /,, 8,7,>;.

M@-,46 1896, 2- 1?4-826 2 ;-,/78=9W L1114/,. A


45/175

6?889678 78 29 1?; /7< 2// @- ; 26 1-289,2. A 6?5/@8 /7 /=2,4,, 1? @12," 2 6 >17/ /294,,26 1?/. K9/>; 2

89-;/,. I/?6;4- 2 32-4 88921? 29 0/32. A/1 26 7/0-2 @-" ,@6 266? 8. A>>1

1,2/@/2 2/2/?; 2 6?5/@8,[ 8 =2 1" 6 41 /@-@96" =2 -@894-/ 2 =-4;[ A932 4/62" =2 1=2//26@;W A;;4- ;8/6" 2;;4- 8971?6 4/62. S971?6" =41?=2-2,2;26@;.

M2>6 -;;72/08@162; ,,89,,. S9@-6?@8 =2//2,89;" @8 8. A9,@6 .M126W

A/1 ,>,2 21@, 266?-2 7;96" =41? 6 892/2>46. M718 /28826" 02,4826 6, 4>@1. A/4,, @146 ;7- 2>@- /01... L2;289,4,,2" ;23@,2 2/@ >1,2 78 ,2 3 2 =@932WS //;->2/@8, 8 7-9,, 297-," =41? 29 93 ,?;@, 141,2. H41? 9 2/0@326/4@8" 8973 8 ,4,,. B4889 4/, 9X ;4/, 78 >2>2/28 - ,434/, 366. H2 1789 21?46@, 8892;2,2

4/62" 6 -/, 4/62 51?.E,,/ 412 6?4// 2/2 5-2,/26 ,-76? 89-6, 29,,2-,4,,2" =41? 2 2> I8,6 2@6>7;2" 297" 2; 1412. A 32-4 2946326 ,/2>462 2662;"2; 6/," 2==49 >1 6 6?/,. M18,,, 1?26" 21? 19," > ;4289,26" 29, @-616 2;2-,2. E-- L@89/0 /1,3389- 2 ;8 R16@, 4/, ;76?,/6 @,=56. A /@6?;289586 ,,. A 34/,326" @/6;@9@8 ;936" ,0/ 78 3@- 67=2 1?1? 446, 8 ;24,, /?6;4-" 2;@-=41? 2//2,,@;" 848 46>,2/" =4/ @-,.

K,?2=8711/ @>,2 G?-?,.A9 ,>2,/26 1?-;895 ,/ -24610 89-//. V7117/, 2662; 1?6?-7, 78

896>787," 2;@-=2 /6,, 4/62. B4/>41 4/," =2 L@89/0 890/, =499@ 78 896>,," =2G?-? @882/ 32-@,;494,,.

G?//, F@3@6,. M;4- 67=2 3-,2" =41? 6;;/ /2,62;" 2/28" 2/@2/0 6;;/"7/,7;6?871 ,434/, 366 78 2-0 @>2/4. 1?@326 1789 7892;2 85-,. M@8621-03@/, =2-214, ,2-,26" 6 6796 2 894897> =@9 /7" 6 66 @," =2 =56@;.E1?,/6 890" 1?,/6 //26,@8 /71 4/, 2946326" =41? 6>6, //,86 78 ;,?2=8711/894/1@/2,32 @//46 -2. E33 2 ;7898713 71 @8 6>4; 8 1?/,. K5@6/;;5@66 >17/ 1?/," 1?/, 29 2-6 49>/2,@,"7;46?" 64 4--@2/ ;-/892,4/, 78 =2 29, ;79/," =41? 1/@, 21? 17-9 2/2,"2, 46626 =494,, 21@2/" =2-2@8, 2 3-76 21? >16 89214," 9 - 2 6762@, 166/6 =2,2/28 >@->02/. K7, @-48 6897/?, =494,,


46/175

21@2/" 621? ;48@- 4/4/146" 51 1?1? 2/8 /@6? ,@6/, 1?;@8; /1766?/ 2 8@-2 21?4,, =246. D 9 6 ,2-,4,, 84;@" 16 621? 2 =>1.L288248 ;4=@6?,0/. A ;7- B8,26 2 11/@2@-6?7;@326 3038;4/,. A 7- /24, 4/284,,. R162 @- ;4-@3326 @1?32 ,,, 2-0 =12,",2J/8;@," /=41? 29 >76?48412,@8, 7/3=21?2" @,89;,, @, /@,6. P446, 8 517-,6; 78 8892;-1,, 2 ;46?=@32. A9,@6 29, 46>,2: M66; 2/>6.

R162 2 89;-76?67/ @//, 89434--@ ->. R,,6, =2/@6? 4/,. K7,89- 8 -@ ;//,,890/6" =41? 6.

*

E//, 1? 0-2" //, ;,,. /4 6 ,, 2 897-. M49>/2,/26 ;>, =2,78 =12//,,. H2//12,0>94,,. A9 7892;2 736 2 621?31 >4=414,, 621?46621?46 =2/;26.M2> 9 8 1896,. M@- -716 66,2/26 7. C82; 2 =0 /@15, ;7;8 1766?/.N=41? 2 6 2/2;" 2-46 8" / 2 @88956 82-;@1. A ;-5,782,0,0/

@,//26,4,, 29 -8 ,/;6. V/@1488@1 >-61 2 L@89/0 23/2;@30/. V-88" 146489 76?.M6,=2 2 4;4/ 8/4162 /7" 6,=2 =5412,6@.

M21@-2 894-5,2 2 621? ;, ;6>," 6;6>/,. N=79 @-@8 4/,. B-146?@, ,-/, ,,B84>2 34/?14,," 2;@-=2 897/78936,@6,4-4162" 51? =2/2>, @, 2 ;, 7892;@326.

O>27-,. S =261 86;" 6" 1,>6" ,-,76;" 297-, ,, 9,;//" ;//W " 2;@- 3,-67 29 23/2;4," > 1 2;2-2 ,>6W R@/=/, 78 28,21 ;6>7/


47/175

/;9>, >-98/6. E-86" =48892826" 29,@6 -2 -@/=/, 78 -2 >-98/,. L2882/ 29 2;2 7--48. S4;@ ,2-,4,," 51 2 89 /1294>4,, 2

8943@326. S4;@84;@" 251 /8-," 2, /@," 251 17-,,,. S4;@.K7 -> @//,. A9,@6 34-9461@8 -@9,2 1 78 7/?8718 6>4-. E/>43,2 21@, 29

23/2;,0/ 78 892/2>6 ;9>,,. S92/2>, =292/7" 892/2>, 789 67/;/" /3;2" /14-2" ,7->-8 ,3389-" -2 /-1289;4>2" 892/2>, ,@1-2 6?5/, 89;;/" 892/2>," 6,=2 / ,>62 ,62,,0/" 2, 1/@,4,," 892/2>," 2=41? 2 1-289,4,, 9 2 ;40; /,,...

S- 8 146>4/," 43326, 2 ,4-6@,@; 1" =4/ @-, 2946 29 7892;@6. N 2112,,2

86;X 29, =,,7;" 621@6 >, 1. M-, 23326 29 0-@326" 2662; 912/@7-," 21? ,2/@6 22

//262,326 /;4-32.L@89/0 2/1 ,, 789- R162 ,@4/2-2>@8@,.F@-2>, ,6?28@1326 ,/,,, 2 621? >@->0-2 ;,;9 624;2,. H@-4 1 ;2->1.

R162 /7/78 ,@6 8946?; , 8 @/,494,,. U30/ 894/1@/2,@32 /7,, 2 /@6?. C82;71 =2//12,21233 /,,. H2/@6?233 8 ,2/@6 78 621? 32-62 897, ;7;8 =2-2, 94@6 @/,49@8,. N7=@6? 2/1 789//=, 2-0,6," /?; 7-,/ -/, ;" ;2/ ,67 -2/;4>@8@62; 3/@6 M46,61-0, ;-@/?8@162; ;@/,2,2 ; 78 29667/?6 -789, 896; I,@/2" B4/1@-4-89@1 78 S9-32 -2/;4>0: 9 667/?6;/@,89;" =4/ /;,;9 89,8716; 71 8 6?42. N7=@6? =062-2 -@ A/3@6@326922-1@84; ,2,;4962;" 2946326 8891178- ;7, ;-/76? ;9,, 2/1=2 146>4/=2,3@-;" =896 29 2/3@64; 6>6;4- /71 -2;46


48/175

146>4/;494,," 266@/ 6;@33 2 621?;96871 6@/6;. H41? 2 >/1@8-1 /7,89@2 //7876; 89;8717, 78 2 =2>/4,,2 75,78 ,-7," 9, 1?;>64/288@; 29 3-;. F-6< F->6@6> ,-06-;8 621?9@8 =034-,@, /@,,@; 366.

A 21?2- 2-/26,36 8 71 37;78 2 =261/2,. A9 489,-@;21?2- 326;89232>2/4#$#1 890/0 1=48892335,@82 /71 8@6 1? 713. A-0 9; 2 ;42/54/12-2 462,;4962;" >@1 ,,4;326 ,2-,4,, ,@-1?2/@8 26?21-2" 2 @8 86;,";/" 266?-2 3/,->,, @- 6>6; 2332"=41? 29 1?;4- ;42/5,,," 6, 2, 2/0326 146>4/,2; 2 97-.

*

E 6?12/ ;4-892;-2 //9 29 2 69,;9 2;Ô-/7268" C4, >Ê 6>5, 1. P@-32//68 /1@, 2;2- 89-96W E97-, ,2992 3 1789E-0@,. M6>6 @-48326" 8, 6>6 ,@-82>2/ ;946,326 1?1? 0;4, 2;2-/7,85,6. A;; 3/76;" ;,/997; 21;2," =41? 36 4162;.

S97 78 68 146>4/2,.M6,=41? 621?46 /;/ - " -26,@;. A=42 /@,412,4,," 6>6,, -1,6 1 8 2/2;/, 2@-32//68 /120; /6;;/" ,,;@--2/" ;91?/788/ 78 1?6?- 2/28923@/?4;;2/. H@,=41?6W V71- 8 L48P=/ ;-@/? 64;@@2/ ,2/@/;496" / 294648 7/76?, 2//26"-@ =2,;496 6, 6;2,@-8-2 78 6;- /6?8 78 =59/1. 8 2 C4, >Ê P@-98326/2;;. A9 @-,41@8@2/ 3 /=, ,6 2 ;/636 266?-2 9@-;094,, /1,8,2 ;-;3" 2F234-1 S,.G-263.

P8,- 8 /,,. A L12 12/2;/, /18933 6 ,214;30/. T@6 B-7>?67 34/?@8@-2,-,76," =41? b/68,6 F-7> ,4,, 3 4-89@148 ,,;@-62;. A ;-@/? =-/," > ,@, 1892;5,4,,2 K4/498@-4,,. 1? E->7/?36 8 ;946,4, 89-9=,2 @-3249@8 1896,,787-.

I,, 8 -89 76?86 412>,@;. A ;4/498@- ;28960 8, 326;,,, 2>4,, 29 ,89,/,7-.A=41? 46>26 894;@8: Q6>6; 4,, 4/,.

A 621?,-36 =2,2/28 ! 2/2; 289,2/. K976 2 ;-@/? =-? S@6>4- K2892 2 S96, I8,@6-6> ;8;-89,7/ 2 -2;;@6 78G?-? S92689/0" 2; -> >1 2 S92@-?;236, ,212 4/,. M6,=41? 689,-871 2/2,,;,,,7; 2 34/1@- ;-8;>/ 89-9>78," =@, 1;2,2 2 S96, A/]26>--6>621?;-89,7,. A9, 8/ 48, 2 621?433 >589 4;@30/: 897/8 9/>-8=7- 892/214, -798,2 /289,-46@6 78 -21?410 2- -261 21?

,@-82>2/ @//@8; 89-6, ;,;96;" 2 48,26 8@6 78 29 />" 2/8@6" 4/1@-8,-"29 1?, -;,4-2 78 1?=@9 7/,08@14;. V2/0326 /;/ ;7. H@,; 1,, ,/8=4889@326 1?6?- 143/6 > 2 2/2,.

A9 66/,,/ 8936 6, 6>71/@,0 129>@; 2 ;28960 12912,0" QM494108" 21?8 2@8; K6>? S@6>4-" 2;, 1;/639,,78/ ->6 /76? -5,. A 348962 =@34-326 ;2,2" =4/2/2 ;/686 -789 >4/14, ,, 71. H41? ," 29, 86; 8 ,>2" -, --/ 8483897/" =26 787-/ 6, 41/2/;49@889- 89;6>@68.

B4-9289,0 7-136 26. !1?268 , 8 46>,2; 6;" @-2,326 26 2 =- 2 ;28960. 1? =@, 12912,0;76, 8 4,,


49/175

@//, 2 /771;, 412>6. B66 -89 251 ,@/2/62;" 3897/1,6; 2@90326. I,, 2 C4, >Ê 621?46 32-@,8@14826 >8;-@/, 2 =@-4 12912,02/. E/71 067,8711/ 29 /1@@-0/ 3897/,: QE8 8, 6 -21 S21 29" 2;6; 1292 26. E97-, 1,6>"2/28 78 48,432 894;@8" 2/08@148 8971?6W

B41@4;4/, 2 >=,/. E//6,46>26 6 -, /?6 34-9289,0 621? -62;" 8946,,>,2" =41? 2 ,33 /6/ 6> 7/? ;@--/ /2,62; -2,2.E 146>4/2, 4/?26 8946? 4/," =41? 6>6 ,89,/, >21 =8946, ;4-4621? ,-5,7;" 2 621? 890.

*

A9 289,2/ 4/>2/89@-6?@6" /71 889 29 /;/871; -46,@,0/" K6>? D@6/" 2 76 D263@^.T;6," =41? 71 2 4/,2: 0" =2 ,, /89.E37> ,@6 3,2,@; G28,46 >Ô-/726862;" =2>> 3897/1886 2/2;/" 2; 2/08@148@-98. !64;2,2 78 2 89-/7876; 621?46 -/, @- /-. V71- /89 87, 2 ,@-828@1;946,2" 2=41? 1?;4- E176 2-@6@/ B2--,9326 78 ;7833 71 @- 71.E/=2,@-49,2" =41? ;,89 21@7-,.

R426, 1?// 34-4,@/;494,," /,9,,. V2/0326 ;,6 1/678 4/,X 7;46?

=4-128 4--2" ;4-48956 89/>; @- /,67 ,89. E98,=7-" ;887 1?7-/, =22;,,7@/289,2 ;976. B2892 /8," 2;2 2/2,, ;8 Q4Ê 7->;/>,, -@6,2. 8 >6 K6>? S@6>4- /46>,2 2 67, 78 /,@,">Ô-/7268 ;/6,,," =41? /7;89; -@" ,2/@/;494,, / P@-98326" ;4- 2 ;-@/? =@9 ,21289@9,78;3/ =29@;32 ,7-,; 8892. I16W QL C4, C26>8 =41?6W 1? =5,@; 26; 2 @-98 892/464;326 78 8 676; 2/2 32" 26>2/5,0 1 ,, /@-@8 ;/?;;" 2,2/ 86;;;9,,. F4/?,46 4>24>2//26,4,, 29 /;/871; 84-@-2" ;; -6>/;" 892/214; >5897/ 4,,7;8;>,; 2 143/648 =@,,7- /,, 78 211 895 1,/, 3@62,,2/.

A=41? =2/2>, 2 /2;42" 6>43326 /38/,.D , ,=, 29" 2; 38/[ I89;. N ,=, @8,.A9 -1 ,=@, 4,,. I4,, 892;2>2,/26. E33/ >1 32 /,,. A9 2 ,2/@/;49@8" /?6;

266?-2 -/, /-" 3946? 1?6176 8;-/,. M@- ,;-7891 4/," >6 37> ,@6 4>2=5,@; 2=-29" 2 /=,,, 4/62 78 2 6=3@@30/ 6 /,,"266?-2 -, ,, -2,2" =41? 6 /77867/;,,7


50/175

621? ;2-49>/2, //,, K... K... K6>? 1?73 8... 8... 8W K6>? 1?73 8W...K6>? 1?73 8W...

M@8, 3// ;66 6 ,>,2;. A C4, >^E /4->/,X D26 3@^, >1 ;2-46 ,2: QS9 ;887 3897/1,6...

J0 > 0,2 6 /@,,@; 1?@8,. F2-8261 /76 G298 2 @-48326 4/, 21? 1? =7,1X 29,@6/,6, 78 6 ,, ,337" >1 251 ,, 4/," 3946?48-2 ,,7;" =41? /@,;@84>; L28;@2/. H@-4894- 2;/2-@/@; 29 /1?978,"

=@, G298 ;6, 2/-2" ///26," 6, 2 ;@4-.A /2;42 /76 71 @/,2/@648 ,@-82/1@8 4/?;. C82 2,2/233 3- 4/, ,,. A ;-@/?6871 ;-,@-0/ 3897/,;" 2 @-32//68 /1@-0/ -89 2" ,-7@826" 2=41? 29->7/?; 894;,2;. E1?>/ K2,=? I8, 78 b/68,6" B@/6,7;;2/ 8936" 4/14,. b/68,6 F-7>" -, 64,," =41? 9 6 6; ,4,, 8973 78 /,,, 21@326" =41? 9,@6 412 9, 297-, =->,6.

A9 @/,2/@648 ,@-82/1@8 2946326 6 ,2-,4,, 84;@X 3,, P461-@@2/ 78 60,@-21?,4,,. A 3897/1,78 @, 29 289,2/46 1896,. C8@6 2 894897>4; 4/?,2,=2,,@;

1?@882/.K2>2 //@1485,@882/ ,2, 48, A3@>?=49 4->/2 " 297,, -246126 /42;-0/" -, 29, =,," =41? 6;"

G29862; 9 8 ;//. H2 ;7->9," , 4/28" 29, //,: QS,. M- 2/0 29[ J0129>288946?62; 2--2 66. S9-6? 4/,W M134-92>,. E9, 667 =292[ E99/ 2/3@2/ 7/ / 29 7/,7,[


51/175

T4@33 ,6?789,6 4/?26 226

B@/6,62;. N 5,7/ 1 ," =2 =5-3 =49@6 I>8;@," 718 4,,=21?,2. A1? 8 5,7/67/; /W @/2894/, A3@>?. E==9 86;6; 864,, 1;7-6. 8 =-,/6 621@, /@,,2 4,, 2 23/@6;2 ;6?,@-326 78 2 L/ 6/78 ,@6 87, B@/6,=49 4->/, 99/ 291?89- ,46>2,,2/:

K=@12,,2 H46?>\,. !1?26W H896 2 /1433 2>@89/42>[W @/;494,, B@/6, 78 1?262;;4- 8973

,/,, 29 2 /084-, -@6, ;>,/6871" //?/ 29 ,033 >36 @- ,3389- ,2/@/;494,,

G2986@/. E9 8 2662; 1?; ,6,. 8 3946?,2/26/ 3@-" > 1? 7-9," =41? 9 2 3/6,7888911 22 1=2846/@882/" 2 K2>2" 2==49 ;/>,. N21?46 ;@/076. G66-83-? Q28 >- G2//2->. E17896 7/,0 =499@.

8 48, 2>6 8,,412 4/?,2,,2" 6,=2 7/?8718 ,,;4, 46>262" //, ;-/1,6"29 6>4;2, 21?2-@9,2 84; /8/18 8902/" ,/94,, ;-/76?88711/. H41? H46?>\@- =7,78" >" =41? 46. I16 ;,6 / 1 621?46 76@6; 6; ;/6 2>>46@>[ L@,4>" 76 29,146>4/,2" @8," 892;89-3897>3 414,,. M/,, /18 ;26\ -;/ 78 32-@,8@148X =2 66 =26146. A9,@6 2 4=2-@=49 6?/," 8956/,1 ,/,,, 78;4


52/175

M2/2,, 9 4/?, 29 289,2/89@-6? 6668 4/>2/@6" K2,=? 78 b/68,6 F-7> 84;;2/621?433 >4/14;-0/ 3897/,;.

I@>@8; ,@-1?@-0/" A61/@-0/. A614/ 67" 2614/ 894;@8" 2614/ -" 2614/ 17" 2614/ /0"2614/ 84-," 2614/ -=2" 2614/ 3@- ;,66 3897/, 2 6?/, 78 84;2614/, 8-," > =4889 /@32 848 /7,; A/346 />7- 78 ,2. V8946, K2,=? 16 -4889/ 3897/, 2614//" 2946326 ,22/? L46>46326 @-, 78671,212/,,.

U1? ,-,76, 9" =41? 2 ;8 K2,=? 2 ;42/54632;789/ 78 2@6/@8, ;7- 29 4,,26 621?;,6;=9. K2,=? -89 1;2,2 2 //, 78L46>4632 7- @,2>,2 2 621?;,6;" M68>4- 1-062;. M68>4- /4/28@6 29 5-@8,"1;7->9," , ,=, 7-,.

K2,=? 4/14, ;7-," 30/" 2 Q/833 ,599-3/ 8 266@/ -833 8923@/?4; 89-6,.K//> >/42,@;-2 8 @// 9. K9/; 8 2/12/1 @/289,262; 3 2/2;, 78 ;/68;,6,,786; 89" 2; 3,=2,4,,. M68>4- 21?2-@912,,2 9, K2,=?62;. A9, 8" =41?2614/ // 89-6, 29 >16 1 ;// =41? @-2" 51 2 3//> 3,2,;49; 6; 78 51?X71 =2 ,21 8 2/2;" 7;1 ,2-," 51 88932-@,;4962; /. 1? =@, 8 7-,/" =2

8;-/6 8. M1;56@/,2 8946, 6>6 @8 02/: 1?6?- 1=5@84;;2/" 5;6>>/2/2/?; /4->6@/" 2>@892,,2/ S;071/@,@882/ 2 4/14, 71=91?. 1? ,-,76,=@, 1 2 2: K2,=?, /,,7;.

1? ,-,76," =41? I8, 22 ;7, =7, 2/2,," 2, A61/@326 ,/,,," 6>6 @/>4,, 62 >7/,/8,1 3/, 2 S,. J28C/3 />896, 23/2;@32 78 46626 679,, ; 621? >/?86 2P2,,2/" =41? 29 2 84; 9-

@-0;/" 2; 7111? 2/2,,2" 6> 4662; 1?; 8 =, > 29 1 17" 2=4/ 414826 ,@9;. F68718 7-9784/,W

A ;7, =7, /,@2/ =292,,. B,26/,2 1?26 29 1789 B2>6;. I666 6>/, /" =41? 889;/639,;. !1?268 I8, /46>@6" =41? 2 S,. J28 ,212" b/68,6 18@-1/, 29 -1?871,/. E,,/ 412 2=@6? 2614/ 890,;,,, K2,=?" 6>266?, =/?-1295,4,,2 F-7>. N 61/8" =26 inglis, 6 b2,-/44"=26 Waterlu, 6 9" =26 mjuziom. H@, 9 ,-=,,/6 4/,W I8, 6 8 ,-,. A9,

46>,2" =41? 2; 6 4/, A61/@326" 29 , 6 ,265,82X - b/68,6 29, //," =41?2; 6 ,> 2614//" 2,,0/ =/?871" =2 4>2,29;.


53/175

A 890@/,@8 51? @- =261488@ ;9>,, >212>6. J0" =41? P461-@78," 29 4;48 7/ >3-1 -883 @/,4,,. M718 2894897>30/ 67=@6?26 4>2679,;. K2>2/, 78 29, 46>,2: 6 1?@/,2/@6 6 =89" =41? 2 S,. J2836 4/,@/WP/?;2-8 /,, 2 ;8 K2,=?. K7,8713 466 29 >5,4,,2. 1? 2 ;-@/? 6>71 29 @/,2/@648 /@//@8 ;9,, , 8 ,, 789-.

N?14>2/2826 87,@/, @, 2 ;26>2//08 ,-3 78 4,, 2 ;-7 ,/> >833 -2; ;9,,897 78 21289,48 /2>@832 ;9>=,,, 2 @-3249@8 /2/, 894;@8@-0/.

B41@^O-/726862/. D 4,, 1 =-,/6 2 8892 6,2-,=2,0 -484/?1@8,0/. M;4- 2946326 2 C4, >

Bánffy Miklós Erdélyi Történet 03

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