Lp : 12B

Em hy quan st cc hnh nh sau?

Cc vt trong tranh c im g ging nhau?

TR CHI CH1 2 3 4 H I N M

HL H

R K K O

O

A

TK

I

H

I N

A A

L

P

P

G

A

Nhng tc vi axitloi Al v tr phi ng Cc nguyn nguyn t no c nm trnpha v tm tc dng v ion kim HCl th kim loi nh bn Tnh bng cc cnh bng ho ny cc mt ca hnh hotrong dy tun honkim loi? tri cacht chhc c trngca ?kim loi trc nguyn t no thng innhau ca ?

l ?

H

P

K

I

M

BI 19: HP KIMI. KHI NIM:+ Gang, thp gm : st, cacbon + uyra gm: Al, Cu, Mn, Si, Mg,Thp

Hp kim l vt liu kim loi c cha mt s kim loi c bn v mt s kim loi hoc phi kim khc.

uyra

BI 19: HP KIMI. KHI NIM:

II. TNH CHT:Tnh cht ha hc: nh KL thnh phn Tnh cht vt l: khc nhiu

V : Hp kim cng c lin kt kim loi v cu to mng tinh th, tuy nhin s hnh thnh hp kim cng hnh thnh cc lin kt cng ha tr, cu to mng tinh th v thnh phn ion trong mng tinh th thay i

Cu hi suy ngh

C hin tng g khi cho hp kim Al - Cu vo dung dch : a. axit HCl hoc axit H2SO4 long b. HNO3 c nng. Vit pt minh ho.

P Na. Hin tng: C bt kh thot ra. Gii thch: Do Al tan trong dung dch axit HCl hoc H2SO4(long) gii phng kh H2 . Cn Cu khng tan. PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl 2Al + H2SO4(long) 2AlCl3 + 3H2 Al2 (SO4)3+ H2

P Nb. Hin tng: C kh mu nu thot ra. Gii thch: Do Al, Cu tan trong dung dch axit HNO3 c, nng to ra kh NO2 (mu nu). PTHH:Al + 6HNO3(c, nng) Cu + 4HNO3(c) Al (NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2+ 2H2O

BI 19: HP KIMI. KHI NIM: II. TNH CHT: III. NG DNG:

Em hy k mt s hp kim thng gp v ng dng ca chng?

BI TP VN DNG:Dng 1: Tinh ch - Tch cc cht Cu hi: Tch Ag ra khi hp kim gm Ag, Fe, Cu vi khi lng khng i, c th dng dung dch: A. Mui st ( III) A. Mui st (III) dd B. CuCl2 d C. AgNO3 d D. Mui st (II) d .

Dng 2: Xc nh cng thc ho hc ca hp kim. Cu hi: Mt loi ng thau c cha 59,63% Cu v 40,37% Zn . Hp kim ny c cu to tinh th ca hp cht ho hc gia ng v km . Cng thc ho hc ca hp cht l : A. Cu3Zn2 B. Cu2Zn3 A. Cu3Zn2 C. Cu2Zn D. CuZn2

Dng 3 : Xc nh thnh phn % khi lng ca cc kim loi (hoc phi kim ) trong hp kim

Cu hi: Nung mt mu gang c khi lng 10g trong kh O2 d thy sinh ra 0,448 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Thnh % khi lng ca C trong mu gang l : A. 4,8% B. 2,2 % C. 2,4% D. 3,6% C. 2,4%

- Gang: hp kim ca Fe vi C (C: 2-5%), ngoi ra cn Si, Mn, S - ng dng: Gang gin v cng hn st, dng luyn thp, c b my, ng dn nc

- Thp l hp kim ca Fe C (C