Arab Mahomet (570- 632 A.D.) Mohammed, Muhammed . 7 Arab , . 632 (Saracen) Baghdad, Cairo(Egypt), Cordoba(Spain) , , , Arab . Baghdad () (828A.D) Greece Arab . (9 - 10) Egypt Islam

Jabir ibn Hayan(722~815 A.D.) (Book of Geber) Geber 2( ) : , : : , :

2. Al Razi(866~921 A.D.) Rhozes, Rases Baghdad (Book of Secrets) , , . .

3. Avicenna(980~1037 A.D.) Ibn Sina . , , 250 . Canon of Medicine Served as an authority for Arab and European medicine for the next 500years. , , . . As Alchemist ; If Transmutation() is possible at all, metal would have to be broken down into its constituents and resembled.

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11 . 1096-1270 7 . 1140 Robert Latin , ., , Latin .Pseudo Geber Writing (() ) Arab , , .

14C~15C . . , . Pope John XXII 1317, 1327 banned Venice 1387 England 1404 France 1418

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Albert Magnus (1193 ~1280 A.D.) Albert von Bollstdt . ,, Rome . . De Alchymia

2. Roger Bacon 1214~1294() Oxford , . , ( .) 1267.

3. Raymundus Lullus (1235~1315) (Northern Catalonia , Spain) , . , , . . 5 (, Spirit) . Arab . . ( ) .

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Renaissance Humanism .(14~16C.) . .

Renaissance Paracelsus(1493~1541, Swiss) :Bombastus von Hohenheim 16 Swiss Basel . Better than Celsus(Roman medical authority) 3(tria prima) , , . : : :

3 . (, ) .Alcohol .Tincture of opium = alcohol extract of opium

1525 Basel Johannes Froben. Alchemy Chemie .Iatrochemistry()

1-1. Vannoccio Biringuccio(1480~1539, Italy)

Italy De la pirotechnia().1540 1~4 ; , 5~8 ; , , 9~10 ; , ,

2. Georg Agricola(1494~1555 ) , De Re Metalica () 12 . 300 . .

3. Johann Rudalph Glauber(1604~1670 ) . First great chemist who was not primarily a physician. + (, ) . Deutschlands Wohlfahrt (Welfare of Germany)

Boyle Renaissance . .

Robert Boyle (1627~1691, ) Ireland (14 , 7 ) . France, Italy . Oxford M.D. 1645 Invisible College( ) John Wilkins , , 10 . Boyle 1646 . ( 1) 1662 Charles II Royal Society ()

Robert Boyle , . . .Issac Newton (1642~1727) . (Inductive method) . . (Deductive method) .

Robert Boyle Galileo (1564~1642, Italy) .Boyles Law (1660) : Mariotte Law in France (1679) Boyle-Mariottes Law.The Scetical Chemist ( ) 1661. 3 3 ( ) (Carneades), 4 (Themistius), 3 (Philoponus), (Elentherius) .Latin (Chemista Scepticus) .

Boyle Evangelista Torricelli (1608~1647, Italy) Torricelli vacuum 1643 1 torr = 1 mmHg,

2. Blaise Pascal (1623~1662, France) , , . Torricelli . 1300 m 7.62 cm . 1 pascal = newton/m2 = 10 bar (SI)

3. Otto von Guericke (1602~1686, )

Boyle 3. Otto von Guericke (1602~1686, ) Netherlands Reyden , Magdeburg (Burgermeister) (4 1) 1654 Regensburg Magdeburg hemisphere . ( 16) Ferdinand III, , .

Robert Boyle Corpuscalar Philosophy() .( , universal matter) .(, minute particles) .( , minute clusters) .( , little primary concretions) .( concretes, , mixed bodies)

The Phlogiston TheoryJ.J.Becher(1635~1682,) , 1667 3 . (tertramer curialis) : (terra lapidea) : (terra pinguis) : . .

Georg G.Stahl(1660~1734,) Becher (Physica Subterranea). 1703 (terra pinguis Phlogiston .1697

Phlogiston Theory Phlogiston Phlogiston .

+ phlogiston() + + + ( + )

18 18 . Priestley Scheele, Cavendish Phlogiston Theory

Arab -Jabir ibn HayanAl Razi(866~921 A.D.)Avicenna(980~1037 A.D.) -2( ) -Albert MagnusRoger Bacon 1214~1294()Raymundus Lullus (1235~1315) Renaissance

Renaissance - Paracelsus(1493~1541, Swiss)Renaissance -Paracelsus(1493~1541, Swiss)-2Vannoccio Biringuccio(1480~1539, Italy)Georg Agricola(1494~1555 )Georg Agricola(1494~1555 )Georg Agricola(1494~1555 )Georg Agricola(1494~1555 )Johann Rudalph Glauber(1604~1670 )Johann Rudalph Glauber(1604~1670 )Johann Rudalph Glauber(1604~1670 )Boyle Robert Boyle (1627~1691, )Robert Boyle-2Robert Boyle Boyle Boyle -2Corpuscalar PhilosophyThe Phlogiston TheoryThe Phlogiston Theory-2The Phlogiston Theory-3