Acids and Bases

Chapter 20

Properties of Acids

SourpH 1 to 6.9Form electrolytes in waterTurns Litmus redReact with solid metals in aqueous

solution to form hydrogen gas

Contains acid

Properties of Bases

SlipperyBitter tasteForms electrolytes in waterTurns litmus blue

Contains base

Naming Acids

Binary acids : acids that are made of only two elements.

Anion end in –ide. A.    Prefix is always hydro B.    Name the second element

with the suffix; -ic acid Example: HCl is Hydrochloric acid

Naming Acids continued

polyatomic anions. Anion ends in –ite

- A. acid ends in –ous acid- Example: H2SO3 is Sulfurous

acid

Naming Acids concluded

polyatomic anions. Anion ends in –ate

- A. acid ends in –ic acid- Example: H2SO4 is Sulfuric acid

Naming Bases

To name a base, use the ionic compound nomenclature.

Example: KOH, NaOHPotassium hydroxide

and sodium hydroxide

Safety in the Lab

Do what you oughter,

Add acid to water.

                           

                                                                                                                                                                                                            

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t_hg_clr.gif (Right click on the image to

download)

Safety continued.

Adding water to acid will cause it to heat and splatter.

This will damage skin and eyes.

Wash with water and soap!!

                          

                                                                                                                              

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(Right click on the image to download)

Safety Continued

Due to the slippery nature of bases,

They are more dangerous to your eyes than acid!!

Wear your goggles!!