6_BasicRulesofEngineeringDesign8Feb2013

7/28/2019 6_BasicRulesofEngineeringDesign8Feb2013

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Interrelationship Between the Safety Levels

Kerusakan lingkungandan sistem teknis

Ancaman terhadap pekerjadan sistem teknis

Bahaya dalamlingkungan operasional

sistem teknis itu sendirimaupun lingkungansekitarnya

Kehandalan dipengaruhi langsung dari desain 2


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Safety / Keamanan

Adalah suatu kondisi di mana resiko yang terjadi lebih kecildibanding batas resiko

Risk limit/Batas resiko

Batasan yang paling besar yang bisa diterima system secara

specific berkenaan dengan pengolahan secara teknis atau situasi

tertentu

Protection /Perlindungan

adalah mengurangi resiko dengan alat bantu untuk mengurangi

frekwensi dari kejadian atau tingkat kerusakan atau kedua-duanya

Definition: Safety

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Aspects of Safety Technology I

Self-protection: product liabili ty- EC machinery directive : DIN EN 292;

VDE 100; VDI 2244

- CE-Certification: declaration of conformity

- ISO 9001: document management;modification management; version

management

- SII-Standar Industri Indonesia

- K3 (Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja)5


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Aspects of Safety Technology II

Keberterimaan Pasar:

- Keselamatan dan produk-produk yang ramah lingkunganditerima lebih baik oleh pasar

- Pelanggan dipersiapkan untuk membayar lebih banyakuntuk kebutuhan produk yang aman dan ramahlingkungan

Unsur Keselamatan mengarahkan hal positif terhadapmerek dagang:

Mercedes, BMW, Volvo, Saab, Kijang, Panther, etc

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Direct Safety/Keamanan langsungMemilih solusi yang aman sejak dari awal (padaumumnya selalu diupayakan)

Indirect Safety/Keamanan tidak langsungBahayanya diisolasi melalui perancangan sistempelindung khusus dan pengaturanpelindung/pengaman

Warning/PeringatanKemungkinan bahayanya ditunjukan dandijelaskan (untuk digunakan sebagai ukuran

tambahan)

Safe Embodiment Design

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Direct Safety Principles

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Safe - Life

Langkah-langkah Penting: Over-dimensi pada bagian tertentu

J elas dan sederhana perwujudan desainnya

Area uji yang jelas untuk menentukan bebanyang sebenarnya

Adanya tim interdisipliner berpengalaman untukproses pengembangan

Didokumentasikan jaminan kualitas dan siklushidup produk secara lengkap

Pemeriksaan / pemeliharaan

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Example: Fail-Safe

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Control of a Safety Fence

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Aspects of Warning Safety

Technology

Lowest level of safety technologysupplementary to other measures

minimummeasure when no other safety

principle is applicable

consider aspects of noticability and ergonomics

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Aspects Concerning Safety Data

Sheets

safety data sheets describe the danger potentialof materials and substances

the danger potential of materials and substances

must be considered over the complete life cycleof a product: - production - commissioning

- operation

safety data sheets are a part of the productdocumentation

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Material Aspect of Safety

Technology

The safety of a product can be increasedby choosing a material that suits theoperating conditions of the product

Determining the operating conditions iscrucial for the choice of materials:

- corrosion resistant materials

- fatigue resistant materials

- materials that have a good adhesion to

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Selecting Material Designed for

Safety

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Self-Protecting: Crack Formation

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The Nature of Principles of

Embodiment Design

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Aim of Principles of Embodiment

Design

The application of principles of embodi-

ment design leads to products that areoptimally designed regarding therequirements taken into account!

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Direct and Short Force

Transmission Path

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Transmission

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Direct and short force

transmission

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Transmission

Flowlines of force must always be closed

Force transmission must be as short as

possible

Avoid:

deflection of forces discontinuous change of cross-section

change of density of force flowlines23


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transmission

Idea of force transmission

Definition:The basic idea and illustration of force and moment transmissionis taken from the field of fluid mechanicsSource:

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transmissionFundamentals:

The flowlines of force shouldalways be closed. (Inertial forcesare not taken in to consideration)

The stresses and strains changewith in circular flowlinesof force.

The flowlinesof force searches theshortest path

The flowlinesof force come closer

in narrow cross sectional areas.-On the other hand, they expand in

broad cross sectional areas

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Direct, Short Force

Transmission: Welding

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Direct Force Transmission:

Bearing Pedestal

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Direct Force Transmission:

Relief Notches

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Matched Deformation:

Shaft-Hub Connection

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S b ilf t l ti

DOKUMEN PATEN

AUTOMATIC FLOOD GATE

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6_BasicRulesofEngineeringDesign8Feb2013

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