54SDH_1
Transcript of 54SDH_1
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SDH SINHRONA DIGITALNA
HIJERARHIJA
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SADRŽAJ
••••
SDHZAŠTITAPLANIRANJESINHRONIZACIJA
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SDH:
DEFINICIJARAZVOJMOTIVACIJAOGRANIČENJA PDHPREDNOSTI SDHHIJERARHIJA SIGNALASTRUKTURA MULTIPLEKSIRANJAFORMIRANJE RAMAMREŽNI ELEMENTIMREŽNA TOPOLOGIJA
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SDH
SYNCHRONOUS : JEDAN MASTER CLOCK I SVI ELEMENTI MREŽE SU SINHORNIZOVANI U ODNOSU NA NJEGA.
DIGITAL:BINARNO PREDSTAVLJANJE PODATAKA.
HIERARCHY: BITSKE BRZINE SE DEFINIŠU PREMA ODGOVARAJUĆOJ HIJERARHIJI.
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S D H
SDH JE ITU-T STANDARD ZA TELEKOMUNIKACIONE MREŽE VELIKOG KAPACITETA.
SDH JE SINHRONI DIGITALNI TRANSPORTNI SISTEM I FLEKSIBILNA TELEKOM. INFRASTRUKTURA
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RAZVOJ I STANDARDIZACIJA
1984. GOD: POKUŠAJ DA SE FORMULIŠU STANDARDI ZA PRENOS SINHRONIH SIGNALA - ANSI T1X1 COMITET.
1985. GOD. ‘SONET’ (Synchronous Optical Networking) STANDARD.1986. GOD. CCITT SE UKLJUČUJE U RAZVOJ SONET STANDARDA.
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RAZVOJ I STANDARDIZACIJA
CCITT PREDLAŽE PROMJENE ‘T1X1’KOMITETU KAKO BI SE USKLADILE AMERIČKE I EVROPSKE HIJERARHIJE.
KONAČAN SPORAZUM JE POSTIGNUT 1988. GOD. CCITT RADNA GRUPA-XVIII DONOSI PREPORUKE ZA SDH.
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POKRETAČI RAZVOJA
NOVE USLUGE ZAHTIJEVAJU NOVE MODELE SINHRONIZACIJE.
QoS ZAHTJEVI.
VIŠEOPERATORSKO OKRUŽENJE.
OGRANIČENJA POSTOJEĆIH MREŽA.
PREDNOSTI SDH.
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OGRANIČENJA PDH
• NESTANDARDIZOVANI FORMATI
- 3 RAZLIČITE HIJERARHIJE SA RAZLIČITIM FORMATIMA SIGNALA I METODAMA LINIJSKOG KODOVANJA.
•PROBLEMI SA ODGRANJAVANJEM SIGNALA
- IZDVAJANJE NIŽIH HIJERARHIJA IZ VIŠIH
• MREŽNI ZAHTJEVI
- PROMJENA ZAHTJEVA
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PDH HIJERARHIJE
EUROPE (Mb/s)
565 x4140 x434 x4 8 x4 2
USA (Mb/s) JAPAN (Mb/s)
400 x4100 x3 32 x5 6
x41.5
274
x6
45
x76
x41.5
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ODGRANJAVANJE
MUX
MUX
MUX
LINE MUX
MUX
DDF
DDF
DDF
DDF
MUX
DDF DDF
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SDH- PREDNOSTI
DIREKTNO ODGRANAVANJE NIŽIH PRITOKA
PODRŠKA ZA POSTOJEĆE ALI I BUDUĆE SIGNALNE FORMATE
POBOLJŠAN KVALITET USLUGA (PREKO SUPERVIZIJE)
DINAMIČKO UPRAVLJANJE MREŽNIM ELEMENTIMA
UMREŽAVANJE OPREME RAZLIČITIH PROIZVOĐAČA
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SDH PODRŽAVA POSTOJEĆE SIGNALE
134M
140M C4
38M
34MC3
SDH
MUX
2M8M
63
64K2M
1 C12
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HIJERARHIJA SIGNALA
SONET vs SDH BIT RATES SONET
SYNCHRONOUSTRANSPORT SIGNALSTS-1STS-3STS-9STS-12STS-18STS-24STS--36STS-48STS-192
OPTICALCARRIEROC-1OC-3OC-9OC-12OC-18OC-24OC-36OC-48OC-192
BIT RATEMBPS 51.84 155.52 466.56 622.08 933.12 1244.16 1866.24 2488.32 9953.28
SDH
SYNCHRONOUSTRANSPORT MODULE ---- STM-1 ---- STM-4 --- --- --- STM-16 STM-64
*BIT RATES FOR HIGHER ORDER IS N-TIMES THE LOWER ORDER
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REDUKOVANA STRUKTURA MULTIPLEKSIRANJA
STM-N AUG AU-4 VC-4
TUG-3
C-4 140Mbps
TU-3 VC-3
C-3
TUG-2
TU-1 VC-1 C-1 2Mbps
34Mbps
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PRINCIP MULTIPLEKSIRANJAContainer-n( n=1-4 ): informaciona struktura koja formira mrežni sinhroni informacioni payload (korisni dio podatka) za virtual container
SIGNAL
CONTAINER
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MULTIPLEKSIRANJE: CONTAINERS(C-n)
SIGNAL
SIGNAL
C-1SIGNAL
C-3
C-4
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PRINCIP MULTIPLEKSIRANJA
Virtual Container-n (VC-n): informaciona struktura za uspostavljanje konekcija na nivou putanje u SDH.Dva tipa VCs: VC-n(n=1,2) nižeg reda VC-n(n=3,4) višeg reda
POH
CONTAINER
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MULTIPLEKSIRANJE: TU-n/ AU•Informaciona struktura koja obezbjeđuje adaptaciju između dva sloja: - između putanje nižeg i višeg reda za TU - između putanje višeg reda i section layer za AU
PTR
POH
CONTAINER
POINTER je indikator čija vrijednost određuje frame offset VC u odnosu na referencu rama transportnog entiteta na kojem je podržan
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MULTIPLEKSIRANJE: STM-1(od C-4 )
SOH
P PT OR H
CONTAINER-4
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MPX OD C-4
CONTAINER-4 C-4
POH C-4 VC-4
PTR VC-4 AU-4
PTR
SOH
VC-4
AUG
AUG
STM-1
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MULTIPLEKSIRANJE: STM-1(od C-3)
SOH
P PT OR H
TUG-3 TUG-3 TUG-3
PTR
POH
CONTAINER-3
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MULTIPLEKSIRANJE: STM-1(od C-1)
SOH
PTR
POH
TUG-3 TUG-3 TUG-3
TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2
TU-1 TU-1 TU-1
PTR
POH
CONTAINER-1
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–
•–––
Container (C)Osnovna jedinica za pritočne signale (PDH)Sinhronizovana sa STM-1Adaptacija bitske brzine se realizuje na bazi “positive stuffing” procedure“Bit by bit stuffing”
• Virtual Container (VC)– nastaje dodavanjem POH (Path Overhead) sadržaju Container-a – transportuje se kao jedinica kroz mrežu (SDH)– VC koji sadrži nekoliko VC ima takođe pointer
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• Tributary Unit (TU)– formira se dodavanjem pointera VC-u
• Tributary Unit Group (TUG)– kombinuje nekoliko TU za novi VC
• Administrative Unit (AU)– formira se ako se pointer dodjeljuje posljednjem kreiranom VC
• Syncronous Transport Module Level 1 (STM-1)
– dobija se dodavanjem Section Overhead (SOH) u AU– poravnanje takta primjenom utiskivanja u AU pointer area– byte by byte stuffing
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SDH RAM
9 261
SOH
PAYLOAD
270
(MATRIČNA PREDSTAVA)
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270 Columns (Bytes)
1
1
9 270transmitrow by row
RSOH34
5
AU Pointer Payload(transport capacity)
MSOH
9
RSOH: Regenerator section overheadMSOH: Multiplex section overheadPayload: Area for information transport
Transport capacity of one Byte: 64 kbit/sFrame capacity: 270 x 9 x 8 x 8000 = 155.520 Mbit/sFrame repetition time: 125 µs
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TRUCK
PAYLOADOVERHEAD
SOH
PTR
POH
C-4
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PREDSTAVLJANJE RAMA
1ST ROW
9 261
I9
2ND ROW
9
I
261
3RD ROW
9
261
261
9TH ROW
9
I
261
SOH
PAY LOAD
I 270
(MATRIX REPRESENTATION)
I
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270 Columns (Bytes)
1
1
9 270transmitrow by row
RSOH34
5AU Pointer Payload
(transport capacity)
MSOH
9
RSOH: Regenerator sectionoverheadMSOH: Multiplex section overheadPayload: Area for informationtransport
Transport capacity of one Byte: 64 kbit/sFrame capacity: 270 x 9 x 8 x 8000 = 155.520 Mbit/sFrame repetition time: 125 µs
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BIT RATE : STM-N
9 261
??
SOH
PAY LOAD
270
(MATRIX REPRESENTATION)
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BIT RATE : STM-N
••••••••••
NUMBER OF ROWS = 9 NUMBER OF COLUMNS = 9+261=270 NUMBER OF BYTES = 9x270 NUMBER OF BITS = 9x270x8 NUMBER OF BITS / / SECOND = 9x270x8x8000 =155520000 =155.520 Mbps (STM-1) •• BIT RATE OF STM-N = (Nx155.520) Mbps
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Pointers
Osnovna funkcija pointera je kontrola vremenskih razlika u SDH mrežama.
Pointer označava početak payload-a unutar STM-1rama.STM-1
AU-PointerVC-4
1 TU-PTR
VC-4 POH
VC-12
VC-12POH
9
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RSOHAU pointer
MSOH VC-4
TUG-3
TUG-2
TU-12
VC-12
Tu pointer
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SECTION OVERHEAD DETAILS
A1B1D1
B2D4
D7D10S1
A1 A1 A2E1D2
K1
D5D8D11
M1
A2 A2 J0F1D3
K2D6D9D12
E2
B2 B2
A FRAMINGD DATACOM FOR NMSF USER CHANNELK APS RESERVED FOR NATIONAL USE UNUSED RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE
B PARITY CHECKE ORDERWIREM MS-REI MEDIA DEPEDENT
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MREŽNI ELEMENTI
SINHRONI MULTIPLEKSER (MUX):* PRESLIKAVA PDH SIGNALE U SDH.* MULTIPLEKSIRANJE SDH SIGNALA NIŽEG REDA U SDH
63 Nos. of 2Mbps or3 Nos.of 34Mbps or1 Nos. of 140Mbps orcombination of above
PDH
TM
STM-nSTM-m
(m<n)
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MREŽNI ELEMENTI
ADD & DROP MULTIPLEXER (ADM):* DOZVOLA ZA ADD& DROP SIGNALA NIŽEG REDA.
STM-n ADM STM-n
(m<n)
STM-m PDH
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ADMWEST EAST
STM-1/4 STM-1/4
......
Tributary Ports : n x 2 Mbit/s ( 34 Mbit/s)
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MREŽNI ELEMENTI
SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL CROSS CONNECT (SDXC):
* ODOBRAVA KOMUTIRANJE PRENOSNIH LINIJA RAZLIČITIH BITSKIH BRZINA.* SDXC IMA ADD / DROP FUNKCIJU ZA SIGNALE NIŽEG REDA.
STM-n STM-n
STM-n STM-m/PDH
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Synchronous Cross Connect
2.4 Gbit/s
622 Mbit/s
155 Mbit/s
16x
4x
SDHMultiplexer
2.4 Gbit/s16x
4x155 Mbit/s
155 VC4
VC12
622 Mbit/s
155 Mbit/s
34 Mbit/s 34 Mbit/s2
2 34
22 140 140 Mbit/s
342
140
2VC12
22
140
VC12
VC12
140 Mbit/s
140 Mbit/s
34 (45)Mbit/s
2 (1.5)Mbit/s
VC434
VC 4VC 3VC 12
VC4140
VC3
140 Mbit/s
34 (45)Mbit/sVC3
VC11VC12VC12 2 2 (1.5)Mbit/s
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MREŽNI ELEMENTI
SYNCHRONOUS REGENERATOR (REG):
* REGENERIŠE DOLAZNI LINIJSKI SIGNAL.* NADGLEDA KVALITET PRENOSA NA LINIJI.
STM-n REG STM-n
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MREŽNI ELEMENTI
NMS
GNE
SDH OMOGU AVA:Ć
STANDARDIZOVAN I CENTRALIZOVAN O&M (OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT) SISTEM .
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SDH UPRAVLJANJE
Upravljanje preformansama
Kontrola grešaka/doga ajađ
Upravljanje konfiguracijom
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TOPOLOGIJA MREŽE
* POINT-TO-POINT:
TMTM
* POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT:
TMTM ADM
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TOPOLOGIJA MREŽE
* HUB-TOPOLOGY:CO
TM ADM TM
TM ADM TM
(a) HUB WITH TM & ADM
TM DXC TM
TM TM
(b) HUB WITH TM & DXC
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TOPOLOGIJA MREŽE
* RING-TOPOLOGY:
ADM
ADM ADM
ADM
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STRUKTURA SDH MREŽE
SDH ISLAND PDHNETWORK
SDH ISLAND
a) Mixed SDH-PDH network
STM -16
STM -4
STM -1
MAJOR TRUNKS
REGIONAL
LOCAL
b) Typical use of SDH rates.
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STRUKTURA SDH MREŽE
Tier 1 (STM -16)CORE NETWORK
Tier 2 [STM -4 / 16 )REFGIONAL NETWORK
Tier 3 [STM-1]LOCAL/ACCESS NETWORK
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STM-16TrunkNetwork L 2
STM-16
Trunk NetworkL1
SDH Network Topology
Trunk NetworkL2
STM-4
Exchange TMS
-1
STM-1 Local Network
LocalExchange
FlexMux
SubscriberAccess
Mux64/2M
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Unidirectional Ring
Working
A Protection
F Tributary B
E Tributary C
D Working