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제49회 전국과학전람회 신제3기 흥해층에서 산출되는 거대 단괴(giant … · H...
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제49회 전국과학전람회 신제3기 흥해층에서 산출되는 거대 단괴(giant nodule) 의 생성 메카니즘 연구 시 도 학 교 (소 속) 학 년 (직 위) 성 명 대구광역시 중리중학교 화원중학교 교사 교사 박희숙 손동일
Transcript of 제49회 전국과학전람회 신제3기 흥해층에서 산출되는 거대 단괴(giant … · H...
-
2502
49
3
(giant nodule)
( ) ( )
-
. 1
. 1
1. 1
2. 1
3. 1
4. 2
5. 3
. 8
1. 8
1. 8
2. 14
3. 14
4. 17
2. 19
1. 19
2. 20
3. 23
1. XRF(X-ray fluorescence) 23
2. XRD(X-ray Diffractometer: X ) 31
4. 33
. 38
. 39
40
Plates 43
-
1. 4
2. 4
3. 5
4. Location 1 9
5. Location 2 9
6. Location 3 10
7. Location 4 11
8. Location 5 12
9. Location 6 13
10. 14
11. 15
12. 16
13. 16
14. 17
15. - 18
16. 19
17. Septarian Nodule 19
18. (diatom) 20
19. 20
20. Bedded Nodule 21
21. 21
22. Spherical Nodule 21
23. - (open nicols) 22
24. Septarian Nodule 24
-
25. XRF 25
26. Spherical Nodule 26
27. Spherical Nodule 28
28. Bedded Nodule 29
29. mudstone mudstone 30
30. XRD 31
31. Spherical Nodule 35
32. Bedded Nodule 36
33. Septarian Nodule 37
1. Tertiary Stratigraphy in the Pohang Area 6
2. Stratigraphy of Pohang District 7
3. 15
4. mustone XRF (Nore -) 24
5. Spherical Nodule XRF 27
6. Spherical Nodule XRF 27
7. Bedded Nodule XRF 29
8. XRF 29
9. mudstone mudstone 30
-
- 1 -
.
3
.
.
, ,
, .
,
Hwang(1993) (1994) .
,
.
3 ,
,
.
3 (giant nodule)
, ,
.
.
1.
1km
1km 1 6
.
2.
3 (giant nodule)
3.
1999 3 2003 8
-
- 2 -
4.
,
.
Endo (1938, 1939, 1943, 1950,
1953) , , 3
Carpinus 4, Porana 1, Acer 5, Glyptostrobus orientalis
. Kanehara (1935) 1:100,000
50
. Tanai (1953) Endo
14 . 2(1964) 1:50,000
, , , , ,
.
(1965, 1970, 1977, 1979) 66 179
3 , , ,
, 3 ,
, , , , . Huzioka (1972) Oishi
Endo 3 45 79 140
3 5, 7
.
2(1992)
. 10cm
5m .
, ,
.
2(2003 3)
.
4
(type) , .
/
.
.
3 ,
(), (), () ()
(Yoon, S., 1975; Yoon, S., 1992b). (1964) ()
() .
-
- 3 -
1km
3 E 12920 E 12925, N 3600 N 360
5 .
( , 1964) ,
.
Propeamussium , Conchocele -
Calyptogena Patinopecten-Modiolus
(Yoon, S., 1979), (Yi, S. and Yun, H., 1995), (Kim,
B.K., 1965), (Byun, H., 1995) .
1, 2 .
1:50,000 1:10,000
10m
.
.
,
, , .
.
6 Loc.3
Loc.4
.
5.
.
.
.
.
-
- 4 -
12 34 5
6
12 34 5
6
1.
2.
-
- 5 -
3.
1: , 2: , 3: , 4: , 5: , 6: , 7: , 8:
, 9: , 10: , 11; , 12: , 13: , 14:
, 15: , 16: , 17: , 18: , 19: , 20:
, 21: , 22: , BG: , HG: , Ib:, Yo:
(Yoon, 1992b )
-
- 6 -
1. Tertiary Stratigraphy in the Pohang Area
Geologic
age
Stratigraphic terminology
Thickness
(meters)Um et al. (1964) ;
Reedman & Um (1975)Kim (1965, 1970)
Miocene
Yeonil
Group
Yeonam
Formation
Yeonil
Group
Oomockdong
Formation50
Duho FormationPohang
Formation150 - 280
Eedong
Formation
Eedong
Formation150 - 200
Hyunghae
Formation
Daegock
Formation180 - 200
Hagrim
Formation
Songhacdong
Formation100 - 180
Cheonbug
Conglomerate
Seoan
Conglomerate120 - 250
(Garrison et al., 1979)
-
- 7 -
2. Stratigraphy of Pohang District
Quaternary Alluvium
Dilluvium
Unconformity
Yeonil Basalt & two pyroxene andesite
Intrusion
Basalt
Intrusion
Pohang Formation
Terdtiary Eedong Formation
Hyunghae Formation Yeonil Group
Songhackdong Formation
Seoam Conglomerate
Relation unknown
Nultairi trachyte Changgi Group
Nultairi trachte tuffite
Unconformity
Quartz vein
Liparite
Felsite Bulgugsa Igneous rocks
Biotite granite
Cretaceous Agglomerate quartz porphyry
Intrusion
Purple shale & grey sandstone-Gyeongsang Group
-
- 8 -
.
1
1. 1999 3 2003 8 .
1:25,000 2 rout map .
3 (giant nodule)
( 2)
.
2. 300
150
.
3. ,
, ,
, / / .
.
4.
,
.
1. (giant nodule)
6 .
. Location 1
N 52E, 20SE
.
(nodule) .
-
- 9 -
[ 4-a]
- 150 cm, - 50 cm
sea level 1655 825 cm
,
.
.
[ 4-b]
- 320 cm, - 100 cm
[Fig. 1-a] 12m sea
level 800 cm .
- 60 cm, - 3040 cm
[Fig. 1-b] 20 cm sea
level 770 cm .
[ 4-c] . - . - 500 cm
, sea level 200 cm . - - 200 cm
, () . .
. Location 2
N 50E, 16SE .
[ 5]
100 cm, 50 cm .
, .
.
-
- 10 -
. Location 3
N 42E, 14SE, 17 m .
5 .
[ 6-a]
- 200 cm, - 80 cm
.
[ 6-b]
[Fig. 3-a] 5 m .
- 400 cm, - 200 cm
.
[ 6-c]
- 170 cm, - 110 cm
[Fig. 3-b] 50 cm .
,
,
.
[ 6-d]
- 110 cm, - 60 cm
.
[ 6-e]
& & .
.
[ 6-e]
-
- 11 -
[ 6-e]
[ 6-e]
. Location 4
N 50E, 18SE, 10 m.
, .
[ 7-a]
nodule
, .
.
2
.
[ 7-b]
.
.
. Location 5
.
N52E, 16SE, 16m.
(nodule) .
-
- 12 -
[ 8-a]
sea level 160 cm
- 1000 cm, - 120 cm
.
[ 8-b]
sea level 100 cm
- 450 cm, - 120 cm
[ 8-c]
- 200 cm, - 120 cm
.
[ 8-d]
- 720 cm, - 150 cm
cone-in-cone
.
[ 8-e]
sea level 3 m
- 150 cm, - 100 cm
[ 8-e]
nodule
. Location 6
N48E, 15SE .
(nodule) , ,
.
-
- 13 -
nodule : , 10
m.
nodule : .
nodule : - 1000 cm, - 160 cm
nodule : - 180 cm, - 80 cm
nodule : ,
- 700 cm, - 80 cm
nodule : - 700 cm, - 120 cm
nodule : - 350 cm, - 150 cm
nodule : - 300 cm, - 100 cm
[ 9-a]
nodule
[ 9-a]
Fig. 6-a
-
- 14 -
2.
10
, (, ) = (60cm, 35cm)(1000cm, 160cm)
.
10.
3.
3 . ,
/, , / .
Septarian Nodule
.
3 ,
,
.
/, ,
/ Spherical Nodule .
Bedded Nodule .
2
.
, /, , /
.
40% . 10, 11, 12, 13, 3
, cm 10m .
-
- 15 -
11.
3.
nodule 1- 150 50 0.67 /
nodule 1- 320 100 0.68 /
nodule 1- 60 35 0.42
nodule 1- 500 200 0.60
nodule 2- 100 50 0.50
nodule 3- 200 80 0.60
nodule 3- 400 200 0.50
nodule 3- 170 110 0.35 /
nodule 3- 110 60 0.45
nodule 5- 1000 120 0.88
nodule 5- 450 120 0.73 /
nodule 5- 200 120 0.40 /
nodule 5- 720 150 0.79 /
nodule 5- 150 100 0.33 /
nodule 6- 1000 160 0.84
nodule 6- 180 80 0.56
nodule 6- 700 80 0.89
nodule 6- 700 120 0.83
nodule 6- 350 150 0.57
nodule 6- 300 100 0.67 /
388.00 109.25 0.61 /
/ : 0.20.4 : 0.40.6
/ : 0.60.8 : 0.81
-
- 16 -
Spherical
Nodule
/
/
Bedded
Nodule
.
Septarian Nodule
12.
13.
-
- 17 -
4.
.
.
.
,
,
( 14&15).
Spherical NoduleSpherical Nodule
14.
(A), (B) Spherical Nodule .
(C) Spherical Nodule .
(D) Bedded Nodule .
-
- 18 -
15. -
1. 3 , cm
10m . , ,
Spherical Nodule, Bedded Nodule, Septarian Nodule
Spherical Nodule .
2.
,
.
-
- 19 -
2
,
,
.
.
.
1.
. , , , ,
.
( 16). Septarian Nodule
( 17).
16.
(A) . (B) . (C) .
17. Septarian Nodule
(A) Septarian Nodule. (B) . (C) .
5cm 1cm 5cm
1cm1cm
A B C
A B C
-
- 20 -
. ,
( 18).
18. (diatom)
. , ,
.
2.
.
.
, .
Septarian Nodule ( 19).
19.
(A) Spherical Nodule .
(B) Septarian Nodule : Dolomite(D), Smectite(S), Tridymite(T)
(C) .
. ,
Bedded Nodule
( 20).
0.01mm0.01mm 0.01mm
A B C
0.01mm 0.01mm 0.01mm
A B C
D
T S
-
- 21 -
20. Bedded Nodule (A) . (B) - . (C) .
. Spherical Nodule
,
( 21&22).
10
11
5
12
13
1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9
21.
22. Spherical Nodule (A) #2. (B) #5. (C) #8. (D) #10.
0.01mm 0.01mm 0.01mm
A B C
0.01mm 0.01mm
0.01mm 0.01mm
A B
DC
-
- 22 -
.
, ( 23).
23. - (open nicols)(A) Spherical Nodule . (B) Spherical Nodule .
. Septarian Nodule
.
Location 3 N29
1 ,
2 . ,
( 24).
24. Septarian Nodule (A) . (B) (A) . (C)
. (D) (C) 2 tridymite smectite.
0.01mm 0.01mm
A B
0.01mm 0.01mm
0.04mm1cm
A B
DC T S
D
D
D
TS
-
- 23 -
1. , ,
, Mg 30%
.
2. ,
Septarian Nodule .
Bedded
Nodule . Septarian Nodule
.
3
1.
80
XRF(X-ray fluorescence) .
2.
,
XRD(X-ray Diffractometer: X ) .
3.
.
1. XRF(X-ray fluorescence)
. mudstone
4 .
-
- 24 -
4. mudstone XRF (Norm -)
Constituent Mudstone Nod 1 Nod 10 Nod 14 Nod 23 Nod 29 Nod 32 Nod 39 Nod 45 Nod 49 Nod 57 Nod 61 Nod 68
SiO2 84.56 7.80 10.40 10.44 13.51 11.06 9.26 10.46 11.94 11.22 9.99 10.46 9.28
Al2O3 7.8 2.68 3.00 3.01 2.79 2.46 3.77 1.76 3.44 3.16 3.36 1.78 3.18
Fe2O3 4.37 3.95 6.55 7.01 6.29 6.21 6.56 2.03 6.54 7.55 4.06 2.04 8.62
Cl 0.43 - - - - - - - - - - - -
MgO - 32.36 30.12 29.64 28.01 30.12 29.66 33.70 26.97 26.88 32.35 32.72 26.84
CaO 0.20 51.91 48.45 48.51 47.55 48.77 48.58 50.77 49.60 49.22 48.44 51.76 50.42
K2O 1.51 0.33 0.46 0.45 0.48 0.47 0.49 0.35 0.53 0.48 0.43 0.30 0.48
TiO2 0.31 - - - - - - - - - - - -
P2O3 0.30 0.19 0.22 0.23 0.33 0.22 0.23 0.26 0.27 0.22 0.31 0.25 0.26
SO3 0.53 0.50 0.59 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.51 0.44 0.53 0.60 0.60 0.46 0.70
SrO - 0.28 0.21 0.18 0.18 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.18 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.23
Total 100.01 100 100 99.99 99.65 100.03 99.29 99.99 100 99.54 99.76 100 100.01
4
. Si mudstone 80%
10% , Ca mudstone
50% .
Mg 30% mudstone
.
(open system)
( 25).
2
. Ca 50%
,
Ca .
-
- 25 -
25-a. XRF - Si
Si mudstone 80%
10% data .
mudstone Si
.
25-b. XRF - Ca
Ca mudstone
, Ca 50%
.
25-c. XRF - Mg
Mg mudstone
, Mg 30%
.
25-d. XRF - Fe
Fe
mudstone .
25-e. XRF - Al
Al
mudstone 23
. mudstone Al
.
25-f. XRF - K
K mudstone
mudstone
35 . mudstone
K
.
-
- 26 -
25-g. XRF - Ti
Ti mudstone
Ti
.
25-h. XRF -Sr
Sr mudstone
.
25-i. XRF - P
P
mudstone .
25-j. XRF - S
S
mudstone .
. Spherical Nodule
, XRF 5, 6, 7, 8 .
10
11
5
12
13
1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9
26. Spherical Nodule
-
- 27 -
5. Spherical Nodule XRF
Constituent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MARGIN CORE MARGIN
SiO2 13.16 15.93 16.75 16.97 17.63 17.01 16.57 16.73 15.69
Al2O3 1.93 1.78 1.72 1.83 2.50 1.88 1.75 1.97 1.89
Fe2O3 5.24 3.53 3.33 2.85 2.31 3.86 4.22 4.58 6.08
Cl - - - - - - - - -
MgO 27.23 27.91 28.13 29.43 30.11 28.17 27.90 27.19 27.11
CaO 50.12 49.02 47.91 47.78 46.26 47.66 47.87 47.97 47.52
K2O 0.36 0.40 0.34 0.39 0.53 0.28 0.37 0.33 0.33
TiO2 - - - - - - - - -
P2O3 0.49 0.56 0.46 0.48 0.45 0.46 0.62 0.48 0.45
SO3 0.81 0.67 0.67 0.65 0.59 0.59 0.61 0.66 0.71
SrO 0.21 0.19 0.21 0.22 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17
Total 99.55 99.8 99.52 100.38 100.38 99.91 99.91 99.91 99.78
6. Spherical Nodule XRF
Constituent 10 11 5 12 13
MARGIN CORE MARGIN
SiO2 15.32 16.26 18.63 16.38 13.01
Al2O3 2.42 2.03 2.50 1.87 2.59
Fe2O3 5.13 1.98 3.33 2.33 6.47
Cl - - - - -
MgO 26.32 28.65 27.91 28.23 27.04
CaO 48.39 47.45 45.76 48.92 48.52
K2O 0.50 0.33 0.59 0.30 0.48
TiO2 - - - - -
P2O3 0.53 0.47 0.50 0.50 0.52
SO3 1.32 0.62 0.67 0.57 0.67
SrO 0.18 0.21 0.18 0.21 0.21
Total 99.93 97.79 99.89 99.1 99.3
-
- 28 -
27. Spherical Nodule
(A) Mg. (B) Fe. (C) Si. (D) S.
Spherical Nodule
27
. Spherical Nodule Ca
Mg . Mg
. Fe
. 2
XRF Fe
.
Si .
. ,
.
A B
DC
-
- 29 -
7. Bedded Nodule XRF 8. XRF
Constituent 1 2 3 4 5
MARGIN CORE
SiO2 14.16 14.93 15.75 16.07 16.12
Al2O3 1.72 1.88 1.93 2.06 2.60
Fe2O3 6.14 5.53 3.88 3.49 2.29
Cl - - - - -
MgO 27.23 27.86 28.88 29.11 29.76
CaO 48.88 47.98 47.91 47.78 47.86
K2O 0.36 0.39 0.34 0.35 0.43
TiO2 - - - - -
P2O3 0.53 0.51 0.46 0.48 0.44
SO3 0.85 0.67 0.60 0.52 0.49
SrO 0.21 0.19 0.21 0.22 0.18
Total 100.08 99.75 99.96 99.86 99.99
Constituent 10 11 5
MARGIN CORE
SiO2 15.32 16.36 16.12
Al2O3 2.42 2.13 2.60
Fe2O3 5.56 3.88 2.29
Cl - - -
MgO 26.38 28.75 29.76
CaO 48.11 47.35 47.86
K2O 0.50 0.43 0.43
TiO2 - - -
P2O3 0.43 0.47 0.44
SO3 1.28 0.62 0.49
SrO 0.18 0.21 0.18
Total 100 99.99 99.99
28. Bedded Nodule
(A) Mg. (B) Fe. (C) Si. (D) S.
Bedded Nodule
Spherical Nodule , 28
. Spherical Nodule
Ca Mg . Bedded Nodule Spherical
Nodule . , Bedded Nodule
Spherical Nodule .
A B
DC
-
- 30 -
9. mudstone mudstone
Constituent Mudstone 1 Mudstone 2 Mudstone 3 Mudstone 4 Mudstone 5 Mudstone 6
SiO2 84.31 85.97 82.61 82.53 84.57 83.28
Al2O3 8.28 8.63 9.08 10.34 9.23 10.07
Fe2O3 2.55 1.88 3.57 3.52 2.92 2.70
Cl - - - - - -
MgO - - - - - -
CaO 0.55 0.84 0.53 0.40 0.42 0.73
K2O 1.46 1.76 1.83 1.92 1.83 1.92
TiO2 0.32 0.33 0.37 0.43 0.38 0.40
P2O3 0.12 - 0.62 - - 0.32
SO3 2.40 0.60 1.40 0.86 0.64 0.59
SrO - - - - - -
Total 99.99 100.01 100.01 100 99.99 100.01
29. mudstone mudstone
mudstone mudstone
XRF
( 29, 9). ,
Ca Mg Mudstone1 Mudstone6
.
Ca Ca .
Ca .
Mg Mg
30% . Mg
, .
-
- 31 -
2. XRD(X-ray Diffractometer: X )
30. XRD . (A) nodule. (B) mudstone.
: Dolomite(D), Ankerite(A), Quartz(Q), Montmorillonite(M), Tridymite(T)
D
D
D
D
D
D A
D
DDA A
Q
M
T
Q
M
Q Q
T
T Q Q Q T QT Q
QM
(B)
(A)
-
- 32 -
(mudstone) XRD
, Dolomite Ankerite .
(mudstone) , Quartz,
Tridymite Montmorillonite(smectite) .
Dolomite .
Spherical Nodule Bedded Nodule 26
XRF
Fe .
Dolomite
Ankerite ,
.
Dolomite Dolomite
Mg . Dolomite
.
1. Ca
Mg .
(open
system) .
2. Ca 50% ,
Ca .
3. XRF
. Mg Si
, Fe . Bedded Nodule
Spherical Nodule .
4. Dolomite, Ankerite, Siderite,
Mg-calcite . Dolomite
Dolomite Mg ,
,
.
-
- 33 -
4
.
, ,
Spherical Nodule, Bedded Nodule, Septarian Nodule
.
.
, .
,
,
.
, Mg .
Mg
. Mg
.
, .
,
.
, 2 . 2
Septarian Nodule
.
Spherical Nodule
Spherical Nodule
.
,
Mg .
Spherical Nodule (micrite)
(microspar) .
.
Ca C .
Spherical Nodule 31 .
-
- 34 -
Bedded Nodule
Bedded Nodule Spherical Nodule
. Spherical Nodule nodule
Bedded Nodule , .
Bedded Nodule
.
,
. , Bedded Nodule
, 32 .
Septarian Nodule
Septarian Nodule
.
Septarian Nodule Spherical Nodule Bedded Nodule
.
.
,
.
. Septarian Nodule
, 33 .
, Mg , , 2
. Spherical Nodule Bedded Nodule
,
Bedded Nodule . Spherical
Nodule Bedded Nodule Septarian Nodule
. Septarian Nodule
,
. Septarian Nodule
.
-
- 35 -
(A) .
(B) .
(C) .
(D) Spherical Nodule
31. Spherical Nodule
-
- 36 -
(A) .
(B) .
(C) .
(D) Bedded Nodule
32. Bedded Nodule
-
- 37 -
(A) Septarian Nodule .
(B) .
(a)
(b)
(C) (a) . (b)
.
33. Septarian Nodule
-
- 38 -
.
1. 3 , cm
10m . , ,
Spherical Nodule, Bedded Nodule, Septarian Nodule
Spherical Nodule .
2.
,
.
3. , ,
, Mg 30%
.
4. ,
Septarian Nodule .
Bedded
Nodule . Septarian Nodule
.
5. Ca
Mg .
(open
system) .
6. Ca 50% ,
Ca .
7. XRF
. Mg Si
, Fe . Bedded Nodule
Spherical Nodule .
-
- 39 -
8. Dolomite, Ankerite, Siderite,
Mg-calcite . Dolomite
Dolomite Mg ,
,
.
9.
, Mg , , 2
. Spherical Nodule Bedded Nodule
,
Bedded Nodule .
Spherical Nodule Bedded Nodule Septarian Nodule
. Septarian Nodule
,
. Septarian Nodule
.
.
1.
.
2. 3
.
-
- 40 -
2, 2003,
, 39 1, p.1-24
, , 1997, , .
, 33, 210-219
2, 1992,
, Jour. Geol. Soc. Korea. Vol. 28. No. 2, p.131-141
, 1982, 3 ,
14, p.7-23.
, , , p.274306.
, 1982, ,
, 1965, The Stratigraphic and Paleontologic Studies on the tertiary (miocene)
of the Pohang Area, Korea. Seoul Univ. J.
2, 1964, Explanatory text of the geological map of Pohang Sheet, Sheet
7022 - II 1:50,000. Geological Survey of Korea
Dilcher D. L., 1974, Approaches to the identificaltion of Angiosperm leaf remains.
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Plate 1
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Plate 2
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- 45 -
Plate 3
5cm
1cm 1cm
1cm
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- 46 -
Plate 4
0.01mm0.01mm
0.01mm
1cm 1cm
1cm
1cm
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Plate 5
0.01mm
0.01mm
0.01mm
0.01mm
0.01mm 0.01mm
0.01mm 0.01mm
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Plate 6
0.01mm 0.01mm
0.01mm 0.01mm
0.01mm 0.01mm
0.01mm 0.01mm
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