1

Þ q,fausmfoufuav;rsm;(1) ß

tcef;(1)

rD;7xm;juD;u t@S de ft[kef_yif;pGmyif w~sH K;~s H K ;w~suf~sufESi f h

c kw farmi f ;Iaeonf? _r<ri f ;onf _yLwi f ;ay gufem;wGi fx d ki fum

t_yifbufod k h ai;armjunfhaeavonf? ae0ifoGm;_yD;tvif;a7mifu

cyfysysomusefawmhonf? rjumrDr d k ;cs Ky fawmhrnf? rd k ;cs Ky fIoGm;v#if

_yLwif;r Sbmud kr # _ri fE d li fawmhrnfr[kwf? t_yifbufwGi far Smi fr JIom

aeayawmhrnf?

7xm;juD;7efukefblwmrSpxGufumpawmh tvif;a7mifuvnf;

@S daeao;aomajumif h olwd k holi<fcsif;wpk_yLwif;rSwqif h _rifae7onfh

@ S Kci f ;r sm ;ud kv Sr f ; junf h7i f ; p Dp Dn HnHE Si f h pum;a_ymIruke fatmi f

@S dc J honf?

<c kawm h ae0i fumr d k ;vnf ;c s Ky fvm _y D ? 7xm; ju D ;vnf ;

tawmfc7D ;aygufc J h _y D? _r<rif;wd k holi<fcsi f ;wpkvnf; pum;a_ym7

wm armu ke f ju_y D ? tpy d k i f ;w k e f ;uv d k ju Gw f ju Gw fn Hatmi f

pum;rqdkjuawmh?

wd k ;wd k ; | wd k;wd k ;E Si f hozef;yd k ;om vkyfaeEd li fjuonf?

2

_r<rif;onf touf(14)ESpfom@S dao;onf? udk;wef;ausmif;

ol? r dbrsm;u rEWav;Zmwd? _r<rif ;touf(10)E Sp ft@ G<fusr S

7e fuke fod k ha _ymi f ;a@ $ hta_cp d ku fc J h juonf? _r<rif ;ud k a@ $re f ;ol[k

qd kE d li fygonf?

_r<rif;onf t_cm;aomtnmolawGvd k tom;r!d k? tom;

tawmfvwfonf? t0gbufa_y;onf? @kyfuvnf;acsmarmvSyonf?

i<fi<fEkEkt_ypfuif;pifonfhtvSu tvGefud kwufjuGvef;qef;onf?

_r<rif;>t7yfu (5)ay(3)vufrcef h@ S donf? udk<fvH k;ud k<f

xnfu t_ynfht0rzG H h _z d K ;ao;aomfvnf; 7ifuav;rd k hr d k h | wifuav;

pd k hp d k h | aygifwefuav;awmif hawmif hE Si f h pd ka_yp_yKae_yD?

_r<rif;wd k holi<fcsi f ;wpfp konf ausmif ;tm;upm;_y d Ki fy G JwGi f

x l ;c Èe f aomajumi f h r dbq7mtoi f ;>qkc s D ; Õ ri f h axmufy H h ai G _ zi f h

rEWav;od k h taysmfc7D;xGufvmcJ h _cif;_zpfonf?

olwd k ht ky fp kr Sm tm;vH k ;i g ;a<muf? ausmi f ;olav;a<muf?

juD;juyftkyfcsKyfonfhq7mru (1)a<muf?

_r<rif;wd k hud kjuD;juyftkyfcsKyfvd kufygvmaomq7mra':xm;7if

3

rSm touf(30)ce f h@ S donf? arm fv_r d Ki fol? t7yf _ri f h _ri f h | tom;

_zL_zL| ud k<fvH k ;awmif hawmif h | vH k ;juD;aygufvS? @kyfuvnf;@ky f@ Si f

ri f ;orD ;ci foDwmxGe f ;E Si f hcy fqifqifwlonf? rkqd k ;rwpfa<muf_zp f

onf? od k haomf om;orD;rarG;z Gm;bl;c J honf htwGuf ud k<fvH k ;ud k<f

xnfu usroGm;? vSyqJ? awmif hwif;qJ?

_r<rif;onf rdrdtouft@G<fa7mufvmv#if q7mra':xm;

7i fvd k ud k<fvH k ;ud k<fxnfrs d K ;@ S dv#i faumif ;rnf[k tm;usp GmawG;r d

onf?

a':xm;7ifonf cyf@ k d ;@ k d ;at;at;om aewwfonf? 0wfyH k

pm;yH kuvnf; acwfodyfrqef?

7xm;ay:wGi f _r<rif;wd k hausmi f ;olav;a<mufu rsufE Sm

csif;qd ki fxk di fc ke fav;cke fwGif7juI olwd k htzd k ht7rf;tqifa_yaeonf?

q7mra':xm;7ifuawmh olwd k hc ke fae7mESi f huyfv#uf_zpfaom

ESp fa<mufxd ki fc ke fwef;wGi f ae7m7onf? xd kae7mrSm wG Jaxmif hqH k ;

em;wGi f _zp f7m t_cm;aomae7mrsm;vd k rsufE Smcsi f ;qd ki fxd ki fc ke fr@ S d ?

E Sp fa<mufpmcke fwef;om@S donf?

4

_r<rif;onf q7mra':xm;7ifbufod k htomvSrf;junf hvd kuf

onf? a':xm;7ifonf olr>ab;cke fr S c7D;oGm;az:a<mufsm;juD;

wpfa<mufESi f h7<farmum pum;a_ymaeonfud kawG h7onf? bmawG

a_ymonfud kawmh 7xm;oHuvnf;qlnHaeaomajumif h rjum;7?

q7mra':xm;7ifonf pum;enf;onf? txl;o_zif ha<musfm;

om;rsm;E Si f hpum;a_ymavhr@ S d ? ausmi f ;r Sq7mrsm;ud kyi f tajumif ;

udpP@ S dr Som pum;a_ymonf?

<ckawmh xdkc7D;oGm;az:a<mufsm;juD;ud k 7<fumarmumESif h

7i f ;7i f ;E S D ;E S D ;a _ymqd kaeonfr Sm xl ; _cm ;ovd kv d k _r<ri f ;xi fr donf?

tif;av? c7D;oGm;7if;a_ymqd kaerdwm_zpfrSmyg[kom awG;vd kuf7onf?

_r<rif;onf q7mra':xm;7ifxHrS rsufpdtjunfhud kv$ Jum

olr>oli<fcsif;rav;rsm;ud k rsufpda0humjunfhvd kufrd_yefonf?

_r<rif;ESif hab;csif;<SOfv#ufxdkifaeol<k<karmfrSm w@kwfu_ym;

rav;_zpfonf? _r<rif;ESi f h@ G<fwl? twef;wl? twef;xJwGifvnf;

cke fcsif;uyfumxdki f _yD; t7if;ES D ;qH k ;oli<fcsif;vnf;_zpfonf?

w@kwfu_ym;rav;rd k h <k<karmf>tom;u _zL0if;aeonf?

5

@ky fuawmh _r<rif;avmufracsm? _yD;awmhqHyifuvnf; _r<rif;

vd kr[kwf? _r<rif;u wifyg;z H k ;avmufatmif@ Snfvsm;onf hqHyifud k

z g ;vsm;c sxm;onf? <k<karmuawmhqHyi fwd kwd kav;_zp fonf ht_yi f

aumufxm;vd kufao;onf? t7yfuvnf; _r<rif ;avmufr_ri f hy g?

(5 )ayten f ;i< fausm f @ k Hom@ S don f ? u d k< fv H k ;u d k< fxnfuawm h

R _r<rif;ESi f hrwdrf;r<drf;? zG H h _z d K ;p? od k haomft7yfykonfhtwGuf ud k<f

vH k ;ud k<fxnfyd kjuD;onf[k xif7onf?

_r<ri f ;E Si f h r su fE S mc si f ;q d k i fw Gi fx d k i f aeo luawm h 7c d k i fo l

rmvmwif? _r<rif;wd k hxuf toufjuD;onf? (16)ESp f? twef;

uawmh twlwl?

rmvmwifonf _r<rif;ESi f h<k<karmfwd k havmuf @kyfracsmay?

qHyifud ktvGe fwd kp Gm!Sy fxm;v#uf @Sy ftuôsuGufjum;ESi f h7c d ki fvH kcsnf

ud k0wfxm;onf hrmvmwif>toGi fr Sm a<muf sm ;wpfa<mufE Si f hyi f

wlaeavao;onf? rmvmwifonf a<muf sm ;wpfa<mufa<muf

_zp fovd kvd ka _ymoHjum;7onf? _y D ;awmh tcsp fawm fawGxm;wwf

onf[k owif;juD;onf?

_r<ri f ;onf ausmi f ;w Gi frmvmwi fE S i f ho dy f7i f ;7i f ;E S D ; E S D ;

raygi f ;oi f ;y g ? cy fwe f ;we f ;E Si f har;xl ;ac:a_ymavmufomaec J honf?

6

rmvmwifuawmh _r<rif;ud ka7maESmvd k[efawG_yonf?

<ckawmh wpfc7D;wnf;oGm;ae7_yd? bmyJ_zpf_zpf rmvmwif

ESi f hodyf7if;ES D ;ywfouf_cif;r_yKyJ cyfwef;wef; cyfwif;wif;omaernf

[k _r<rif;u qHk;_zwfxm;cJ honf?

aemufqH k ;wpfa<mufuawmh td ki f7i f ;ba7mif;? Ad kvfu_ym;

rav;? tar7duef@ ky f@ Si fri f ;orD;bd k' J7uf>@ky f7nfESi f htquftayguf

rs d K ;?

td ki f7i f ;onf touf(17)E Sp fom@S dao;aomfvnf; ud k<fvH k ;

u d k<fxnfuawmh t_ywfud kz G H h _z d K ;ae_y D ? _y D ;awm h t7yfuvnf;

Øpm;× onf? (5)ay(5)vufravmufud k@ S drnf? tom;_zL_zL| ud k<fvH k ;

awmi f h awmi f h | qG J aqmi fr S Ktm ;aumi f ;v Sonf h@ ky f7n fE Si f hq d k awm h

ausmif;wGift_ywfud kemrnfjuD;onf?

xd k h _yif td ki f7if;onf7nf;pm;rsm;onf? 7nf;pm;awGESi f hcs de f ;awG h

um _zp fc si fw d ki f ; _zp fonfqd konf howif ;awGud kvnf ; _r<ri f ;wd k h

em;rqef hatmifjum;7onf? [kwfr[kwfawmhrod? od k haomftd ki f7i f ;

wGi f a<mufsm;av;rdwfaqGawGtrsm;juD;@ S dwmud kawmh odjuonf?

onftwd ki f ;wwG JwG JoGm;aewmyJ? tif;- -oluAd kvfu_ym;r

7

qd kawmh qd k@ S<fus _y D ;wG Jaewmvm;qd kwmawmh ra_ymwwfygbl ; ?

_r<rif ;onf td ki f7i f ;ud ktompl ;p d kufumjunf hvd kufonf? td ki f7i f ;

onfolr>xH k ;p Htwd ki f ; pyd k h@ Sy fcyfjuyfjuyfud k0wfxm;onf? 7ifud k

vnf;<d k ;'<m;b7mpD<mtao;pm;uav;ESi f hom cyfavsm havsm hpnf;

aESi fxm;onf? yH kusaom7ifom;qd ki frsm;onf b7mpD<m>yH hy d k ;r S K _zif h

0ef hxGm;rd k h0if;xGufaeonf? _r<rif;onf rdrd7ifbwfud k _yefi H k h junfhr d

onf? _r<rif;>zl;yGi f hp7iftvSrSm qd k;awmhrqd k ;? 7ifom;rd k hr d k hav;

awG_zp faeonf? od k haomftd ki f7i f ;ud kawmh b<fr S DE d li fr SmvJ? rdr d>

7i fom ;r s m ; r S m t d k i f 7i f ; E d k ht H k aw G>xuf0u fyi f r@ S d ao ;y gvm ;[ k

_r<rif;awG;rdonf?

Þ a[h- -wDc smawm h [d kb JemjuD ;e J ht_ywfc d ku faew<f?

[d kbJjuD;junfh7wm wDcsmhud ktjuHtzefvkyfaeyH k7w<f? ß

t d k i f 7i f ;uud k< fu d k a@ S ho d k hu k e f ;um _r<ri f ;u d k jum ;@ k Hom

wD;wd k ;a_ymonf? xdkod k hud k<fud ka@S hod k huke f;tvdkufwGif pyd k h@ Sy f7ifom;

rsm;tjum;rSaeI tdki f7if;>7ifom;ESpfr $mud k _r<rif;_rifvd kufrdonf?

Þ eifubmajumif h onfvd ka_ymEd li fwmvJ ß

rmvmwifu tdki f7if;>ykcke f;ud ktomzuf7if;ar;onf?

8

tdki f7if;u zufvmaomrmvmwif>vufud kz<fcsvd kuf_yD;- -

Þ oluwDcsmud k bdvyf7nfwd kufw<fav? tJ' Dbdvyf7nf

xJrSm tjuHtzefvkyfxm;rSmayg h[ ß

Þ bdvyf7nfxJrSmb<fvd ktjuHtzefvkyfEd li fr Smrd k hvd k hvJ ß

_r<rif;u 0ifar;onf?

Þ td k;- -<luvJ? a[m bdvyf7nfxJrSm t7uf_zpf_zpf|

p dwfjuGaq;_zpf_zpf xnfhwd kufrSmayg h ß

Þ tJ'Dvd kxnfhwd kuf7if bm_zpfEd li fvd k hvJ ß

td ki f7if;u _r<rif;ud k _y H K;pp_zif hjunfhvd kuf_yD;- -?

Þ odcsi f7if <lud k<fwd ki fy JtJ' Dbdvyf7nfud k<laomufjunf h

ayg h- -cpfcpfcpf ß

xd kbdvyf7nfrs d K ;wGif b<fod k haomtpGrf;owW d@ S dI bm_zpfEd li f

onfud kawmh _r<rif ;wu<frodyg? od k haomf td ki f7i f ;>pum;ud k

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jum;7awmh bmrSef;rodygyJESi f h _r<rif;rsufESmylxloGm;7onf?

td ki f7if;uqufvufI- -?

Þ junfhygvm;uG? wDcsmrsufeSmenf;enf;eD7Jaewm? nus7if

olwd k hE Sp fa<mufaumif;aumif;tvkyf_zpfjurSm aocsmygw<f? [D[dß

td ki f7i f ;a_ymonf hpum;vH k ;r sm;ud k a7a77m7mem;rvnfaomf

vnf; _r<rif ;>pdwfxJwGi fawmh tawmfvS Ky f@ Sm;um rsufE Sme D7 J

oGm;avonf?

td ki f7i f ;uqufvufI a<mufsm;E Si f hr de f ;rE Sp fa<mufcsi f ;awG h

v#if _zpfysufwwfonfrsm;ud k wD;wd k ;avoH_zif h _r de f7nf<Suf7nfa_ym

_ yon f ? r mvmwi fuvn f ; wp f c su fwp f c su f 0 i f a _ y mon f ?

_r<rif;ESi f h<k<karmfwd k hE Sp fa<mufuawmh em;axmiform;oufouf?

pum;a_ym7if ; q7mra':xm;7i fwd k hbufod k hvnf; vSr f ;um

ro dromjunf h ae juonf ? x d kv l ju D ;u q7mra':xm ;7i ftm ;

b dvy f7n fi S J humwd ku fonfu d k _r<ri f ;u d k< fw d k i fE S p f c g _ri f7onf ?

bdvyf7nfr Sm 7xm;ay:vd ku fa7mi f ;c so lr sm ;xHr S 0<f _ci f ;r[kwf?

xd kvljuD;>c7D;aqmiftdwfxJwGif toif hygvmaomykvif;xJrS iS J hwd kuf

1 0

_cif;_zpfonf?

bdvyf7nfy kvif ;r Sm td ki f7i f ;a_ymovd ktjuHtze fbdvyf7nf

[kwfr[kwfawmh _r<rif;rodwwfyg? od k haomf q7mra':xm;7if

onf xd kv l ju D ;w d ku faombdvy f7nfr sm ;u d kxy fr Haomuf _y D ;aemuf

ta_ymtqd ky d ko Gufv#uf trlt7mrsm ;vnf ;7 J7 Jwi f ;wi f ;@ S dvmonf

ud kawmh _r<rif;awG h@ S dowd_yKrdonf?

td ki f7if ;e Si f hrmvmwifwd k ha_ym_yaejuonfh a<musfm;E Si f hr de f ;r

tvkyf_zpfjuonfhtajumif;awGuvnf; pdwf0ifpm;p7m?

ava_yuav;u nifompGmwd kufcwfaeonf? avwdkufcwf

r S Kajumif h uefa7rsufE Sm_yi fwGi f vS d Ki f ;tduav;rsm;wndr f hndr f hay:

xGufvmonf?

Þ <rif;u odyfcspfz d k haumif;wmyJ ß

uefab;cs H Ky kwfxJwGif twl<SOfumxdki fju7mrS ol7de fu

1 1

Tod k ha _ym_y D ; _r<ri f ;ud ktomod ki f ;zufvd ku fonf? _r<ri f ;onf

ol7de f>7ifcGi fxJod k h acGavsmhavsmhuav;usa7mufoGm;avonf?

ol7 de fonf _r<rif ;ud ktm;7yg ;7od ki f ;zufum ES kwfcr f ;c si f ;

z duyfpkyferf;onf? _r<rif;>7ifxJ zd karmoGm;7onf?

rjumrDr Smyif _r<rif;a7m| ol7 de fyg | ud k<fvH k ;wD; _zp foGm;

juonf? ol7 de f>vufu _r<rif ;aygi f jum;r Stzkwfud k tky fud ki f

y Gwfoyfvmonf?

_r<rif;r Sm 7ifxJodr f hodr f hwke foGm;onf? olr>vufuav;

wpfbufuvnf; tvdktav#mufyif ol7de f>aygifjum;od k ha7mufoGm;

onf? rwfawmifaeaomvD;wefud k qkyfud ki fr donf? vD;onfrmawmif

aeaomfvnf; udki f7onfuawmh El;El;nH hnH h@ S donf? aEG;aEG;axG;axG;

@S donf?

ol h7 de f hvufacsmi f ;wpfacsmi f ;u _r<rif ;apmufacgi f ;xJav#m

ueJ0i fvmonf? _r<rif ;>vufuav;rsm;uvnf; ol7 de f>vD;ud k

qkyfud ki fv#uf xufatmufvSKyf@ Sm;yGwfoyfaerdonf?

onfaemufwGifawmh ol7de fu_r<rif;>tzkwfud k | vuf!S d K ;

1 2

ESi f hxd k ;uvdyGwfqGay;um| _r<rif;uvnf; ol7de fud k~ Gi f ;wd kufay;ae

onfhta_ctaers d K ; a7mufoGm;juavawmhonf?

E Sp fa<mufvH k ;touf@ SL _yi f ;um w[if;[if ; _zp faejuonf?

_r<rif;7ifxJr Smawmh vSyfvSy fu<fzd kvd k h ? td kav? touf@SL7wm

awmif r0ovdkvd k? juufoD;awGuvnf; wzsef;zse f;?

onfaemufwGi fawmh _r<rif ;wpfud k<fvH k ;qwfqwfwke fc g

v#u f av[m_yi fx Jw Gi fa _rmy go Gm ;ovd k _zp fum apmufz kw fx Jr S

apmuf7nfjunfrsm; w7a[m<dkp dr f hp D ;usvmavawmhonf?

Þ td k- -[if h[if h- -td k ß

_r<rif;>ESKwfzsm;rS a<mif<rf;uma7@Gwf_rnfwrf;rdonf?

1 3

Þ td k- -[if h[if h- -td k ß

_r<ri f ;onf E S Kw fz s m ;r S a<mi f<r f ;um a7@ Gw fr don f ?

xd kaemuf _zwfueJEd k ;vmonf?

_r<ri f ;7i ft7r f ;c k e f aeonf ? _y D ;awm hapmu fz kw fuvnf ;

azmi f ; juGum t7nfawGp d k@ $ Jaeonf? olr>vufwpfbufuvnf;

aygifjum;rStzkwfud kE S d Kufv#ufom;?

tpw Gi f awm h _r<ri f ;r S m ajumi ftr f ;tr f ; _ zp f aeonf ?

aemufr Sr dr dt dy fay sm fo Gm ;7mr S tdy frufruf _y D ; ve f hE d k ;vm; _ci f ; _zp f

ajumif;odonf?

tdy frufqd kaomfvnf; _zpf7yfuawmh wu<fud kqef ;onf?

vufawG hjuHK7onfESi f h bmr#r_cm;em;? tzkwfrSmt7nfjunfawGpd k@ $ J

aewmudky Jjunfhav? _yD;awmhrdr donf tdyfrufruf7if; ud k<f htzkwf

ud k<f_yefES d Kufum yGwfoyfrdc J hygava7mvm;?

wpfa<mufa<mufrsm;_rifoGm;7iftcuf?

_r<rif;onf teD;ywf0ef;usifud kvSnf hywfum tuJcwfjunfh

1 4

r donf? 7xm;juD ;u w~s H K ;~ s H K ;w~suf~ sufE Si f ht@ S de ft[ke f _yi f ;p Gm

ckwfarmif;aeqJ? 7xm;ckwfarmif;aeonfht@S de fajumif h 7xm;wG Jonf

odrf hodrf hav;vSKyfcgaeonf?

7xm ;w G Jx J @ S dv l r s m ;uawm h _i d r fou fp G mt dy f ae juonf ?

bmoHr#rjum;7? rD;rsm;ud kvnf; tawmfrsm;rsm;rS dwfxm;_yD? wG JtpGe f;

bufwHcg;em;@S d rD;yGi f hwyGif hom xGef;!S dxm;onf?

_r<rif;onf rsufvH k ;ud ktom_yefrS dwfumtdyfvd kufonf?

arS;ueJtdyfaysm foGm;cd kuf wpH kwa<mufu tomykwfES d K ; _cif;

ud k cH7onf?

Þ a[h<rif; x- -x ß

em;em;wGi fuyfI cyfwd k ;wd k ;av;a_ymqd koHud kvnf; jum;7

onf? tdy fraysm f hwaysm f _zp faeavaom_r<rif;onf csufcsi f ;yi fE d k ;

um xxd ki fonf? ol hem;wGi frmvmwifa7mufaeonfud kawG h7onf?

rmvmwwifu _r<rif ;tm;toHrxGufap7e ftcsuf _yonf htae_zi f h

E S kwfcrf;ay:wGifvufacsmif;wacsmif;uyfum _yaeonf?

1 5

_y D;awmh wpfbufod k h tomar;aig h _yonf?

wp fbufc ke fw Gi f <k< karm fE Si f ht d k i f7i f ;w d k h E S p f a<mufonf

cy fuke f ;uke f ;uGuGav;_zi f h wpfbufod k hac smi f ; junf haeovd k@ S daeju

onf?

Þ _idrf_i dr fav;ae? [dkbufrSm tvkyf_zpfaeju_yD? vm- -

igwd k hvnf;acsmif;junfhjupd k h ? toHvH k ;0rxGufapeJ haemf? ydyd7d7dvnf;

junfh? wu<fhaumif;wJ hy G JuG ß

rmvmwifu _r<ri f ; jum;E d li f@ k H wD ;wd k ;avoHuav;_zi f h

a_ymonf? xdkod ka_ym7mY _r<rif;>em;em;wGif uyfa_ymonf_zpf7m

rmvmwif>ESmacgi f ;r Sm _r<rif ;>yg; _yi fud kxdvkrwwfyi f _zp fonf?

ESm0xGufoufavrsm;uawmh _r<rif;>yg;_yifud ky laEG;p Gmyif xdawG h

rdjuonf?

_r<rif;>7ifxJwGif bmvdkvd kE Si f hvSKyf@ Sm;oGm;7onf?

_r<rif;onf wpfbufc ke fwef ;ay:od k h tomav;wufvd kuf

onf? td ki f7i f ;E Si f h<k<karm fwd k hu _r<rif;0i fvmEd li f@ k H ae7mcs Jay;

juonf? _r<rif;onf xd kr de f ;uav;ESp fa<mufjum;od k h tomwd k;

1 6

0ifvd kuf7onf? juyfjuyfwnf;wnf;_zpf7m udk<fcsif;xdrdjuonf?

txl;o_zif h td ki f7if;>tdxGm;aomnmbuf7ifom;qd ki fjuD;ud k

_r<rif;>b<fbufvufarmif ; _zi f hxdr d7m tdaxG;E l ;nH haomtdtawG h

tm@k Hud k cHpm;7onf?

olwd k honf 7xm;xd ki fcke faemufrS Dwef;tjum;rSaeI acgif;uav;

rsm;ykum aemufrS Dwef;tjum;rSaeI wpfbufxd ki fc ke fud k acsmif;junfh

aeju_cif;_zpfonf?

bmud kr Sr_ri f7ao;yg? yxrqH k ; _r<rif ;@ S Lr donfr Sm pl ;@ S@ S |

csO fp ky fp ky fE Si f h ar$;aw;aw;_zif hxl;_cm;aom7eH hwpfrs d K ; _zpfonf?

tvif ;a7mi fuody fraumi f ; ? 0 d k ;w0g ;om@ S donf? 0 d k ;w0g ;

tvif ;a7mi fwGi f rsufap husi f hom;7oGm;awm h tawmfav;_ri fom

xifomvmonf?

_rif7onfuawmh- -?

q7mra':xm;7i fE Si f hx d kvljuD ;E Sp fa<muf yl ;y l ;uyfuyfxd ki f

aejuonf? olwd k hud k<fay:wGi f teDuGufjum;tnmapmifwpfxnf

1 7

v$r f ; _c H Kxm;onf? apmi fuatmufod k h cy fav#mav#musIaeonf?

_y D ;awmhapmi fatmufbufwGi fvS Ky f@ Sm;r S K@ S daeonfud kvnf; odomEd li f

onf?

b<fvd kvS Ky f@ Sm;r S Krs d K ; _zp fonfud kawmh wyftyfrodaomfvnf;

_r<rif;pdwfuawmh t7rf;ud kvSKy f@ Sm;vd k hae7yg_yD? em;xifem;7if;awG

ylxlv#uf?

x d ktc d ku fr S myi f a':xm;7i f>wD ;w d k ; a _ymo Hay:vmonf ?

cy fwd k ;wd k ;a _ym_ci f ; _zp faomfvnf; _r<rif ;wd k haumi f ;p Gmjum;7onf?

pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;zG<f7mpum;rsm;yifwnf;?

Þ tm;[m;[m;- -ud katmifxl;7<f- -uÈefrwd k h' Dvd kvky fz d k h

raumif;bl;xifw<f- -[d k- -[d k- -wpfa<mufa<mufawG hoGm;

7if tcufyJ [if h[if htd k- - ß

onftcgwGi fr S xd kvljuD;>trnfr Smud katmifxl; _zp fajumif ;

rde f;uav;rsm;odjuonf?

ud katmifxl;u a':xm;7if>em;em;od k huyfum wpfp H kwpf7m

wD;wd k ;a_ymvd kufonf? wd k ;vGe f ;aomajumif h _r<rif;wd k hrjum;E d li f ?

od k haomf a':xm;7if>rsufvH k;rsm;ta7mifawmufvmum apmifatmuf

1 8

rSvSKyf@ Sm;rS KawG_refvmonfud kawmh aumif;aumif;awG hju7onf?

apmapmu rdrd _rifrufcJ h7aomtdyfrufud k _r<rif;_yefowd7

rdonf? ol7de fE Si f hr dr dwd k htdyfrufxJrSm_yKcJ hjuovdkrsm; ud katmifxl;ESi f h

q7mra':xm;7i fwd k h vky faejuwmvm;[kawG;onf? xd ktawG;u

_r<rif;>pdwfud k yd kvS Ky f@ Sm;aponf? pdwfomr[kwf? tzkwfxJyg

vSKyf@ Sm;vmonf? pd kvmonf?

<k<karmfonf a@S hod k hy d kwd k ;onf? yd k _rif7atmifjudK;pm;onf?

_r<rif ;uvnf; aoaocsmcsmp l ;p d kufjunf h7m ud katmifxl;>aygi f

jum;ae7m@ S dapmi fr Sm xd k ;xd k ;axmi faxmi f _zp faeonfud k owd_yKr d

onf?

ud katmifxl;>rsufvH k ;tjunfhu rdr dwd k hy ke f ;atmif;umacsmif ;

junfhaeaom ckefaemufwef;ae7mqDod k hwpfcsufjunfhum rsufESmrSm

_y H K ;oa<mifa<mif _zp foGm;onfud kvnf; _r<rif ;aumif ;aumif ;juD ;

_rifvd kuf7onf?

tvd k? <rif;wd k hacsmi f ;junf haewm 'DvljuD;odaewmygvm;

_r<rif;pdwfxJwGifawG;vd kufrdonf?

1 9

udkatmifxl;onf oufoufomomxd ki fvd kufonf? olonf

tky fxm;aomapmifud kvnf; rodromvd kvd kE Si f h atmufod k htomav;

qG Jcsay;aeonf?

_r<rif;>tawG;wpfcsufrrSm;yg? rde f ;uav;rsm;acsmif ;junf h

aejuonfud k ud katmifxl;u aumif;aumif;7dyfr donf?

ud katmifxl;qd koluvnf; rdef;rrS KayGol_zpfonf?

tjuHtze fvnf ;aumi f ;onf? r de f ;rr sm ;>w^Sm7rufp dw f

ES d K ;qGEd li fonfh aq;0g;ypPnf;rsm; udkatmifxl;xHwGift_rJ@S daeonf?

Oyrm a':xm;7ifud kwd kufcJ honfhbdvyf7nfqd kygawmh? bdvyf

7nfxJwGi f 7rufjuGaq;ESi f h t7ufud ka7mpyfxm;onf? t7ufu

wifvJ_zL?

wifvJ_zLqd konf ht7ufrs d K ;onf azsm f7nfwpfc kc kE Si f ha7mvd kuf

v#i f t7ufe H haysmufonf? _yD ;awmh olutaoG;tom;ud kE d k ; juGap

7m umr7rufpdwfud kvnf; aphaqmfay;Ed li fonfhtmedoif@S donf?

_yD;awmh Ø vyfzf'a7mhyf× ac:onfhr de f;rrsm;7rufjuGaponfh

2 0

aq;puft7nfrsm;ud kvnf; a7mpyfxnfhay;xm;onf?

onfbdvyf7nfud kwd kufauÈ;xm;_y D ; vdr Rmyg ;ey fp Gmud ki fwG<f

vd k hawmh q7mra':xm;7ifbmcHEd li frnfenf;? a[m- -<ck udkatmif

xl;vufckyfxJua7_zpfae_yD?

u d k atmi fx l ;onf a':xm;7i ft ky fx de f ; ac:aqmi fvmonf h

aumifri<fi<fuav;awGud kyg juHcsi faeonf? a':xm;7ifud ktyd ki f

ud ki f _y D ;v#i f xd kaumifrav;awGud kygqufus H K ;oGi f ;I t7cs d Ki fz d k hp dwf

ul;xm;onf?

<ckawmh udkatmifxl;tzd k h tuGufaumif;0ifvm_yD? aumifr

av;awGwpfbufc ke fwef ;aemufr S Dud ktumtuG<f<l_y D ;acsmi f ;junf hae

juonf? junf hjuygapav? 'gr Sol htzd k h onfaumifrav;awGud k

us H K ;oGif;z d k hy d kvG<fulrnfr[kwfygvm;?

u d k atmi fx l ;u aumi frav;aw Gy d k _ ri fu Gi f ; aumi f ; atmi f

rodromyifzefwD;ay;aeonf?

u d k atmi fx l ;on f apmapmuvd kto Hu d k E S d r f h rxm ;awm hy J

aumifrav;awGygjum;Ed li fatmif a_ymqd kavawmhonf?

2 1

Þ bmrSylraeygeJ h rxm;7<f? tm;vH k;tdyfaejuyg_yD? wG Japmif h

vnf; od k;ae_yD? ud k<fwd k hE Sp fa<mufyJEd k ;aejuwm? uJ- -uJ- -

rxm;ud kaumif;aumif;t7omawGhatmif vkyfay;rSmyguG? [kwfvm;ß

onfwpfcgawmh udkatmifxl;a_ymonfhpum;rsm;ud kr l _r<rif;

wd k haumif;aumif;juD;jum;ju7onf? apmifr Smvnf; atmufbufod k h

a_yav#musoGm;7m b<fvd kr StzH k ;tumr_zpfawmh?

apmapmu apmifuG<faeonfhtwGuf aocsmpGmrawGhc J h7onfh

_rifuGi f ;rsm;onf <ckawmhtxif;om;? t@Si f ;om;? aumif;aumif;

juD;_rifE d li f _y D?

a':xm;7i f>xrDE Si f htwGi f ;c Hy dwfvH kuGi f ;wd k hu d k aygi f7i f ;od k h

a7mufatmif vSe fwifxm;onf? _zLazG ;awmif hoefavaomaygi fwef

wkwfwkwf_zd K;_z d K;juD;rsm;u tumtuG<fuif;pGmay:aeonf?

a':xm;7if>aygifrsm;onf cyfum;um;?

ay gi f7i f ;~ Gq H k r S apmu far $ ; rn f ;rn f ;r s m ;tjum;w Gi f awm h

ud katmifxl;>vuf!S d K;u t_ywfud ktvkyf@S Kyfaeonf?

2 2

tvi f ;a7mi ftm ;en f ;onf htwGu f ay gi f c G jum ;r St _zp fu d k

xif@ Sm;y D _yifp Gmr_rifE d li faomfvnf; ud katmifxl;uq7mra':xm;7if>

apmu fz kw fx Jo d k h vuf! S d K ; E S i f hx d k ; ar $ ae _ci f ; _ zp f a jumi f ;u d k awm h

aoaocsmcsmjuD;odEd li fayonf?

_r<ri f ;r Sm apmufz kwfxJwGi fxl ; _cm;p Gm vS Ky f@ Sm ;vmr S Kud k

c Hpm;7onf? td k- -7ifxJuvnf; zd karmaewmyJav?

xd k h _yi f a':xm;7if>nmvufrSmvnf; cyfomomvSKy f@ Sm;ae

ajumif;ud kvnf; _r<rif;owd_yKr donf? _r<rif;>rsufvH k ;tjunfh

onf xdkvufarmif;wav#mufa@G hvsm;oGm;onf?

xd kaemufa':xm;7if>nmvufacsmif;rsm;u rwfawmifaeav

aomvD;acsmi f ; juD ;ud k qky fud ki fxm;onfud k _ri f7aomtcgwGi fawm h

_r<rif ;c_rmtjuD;tus<fxdwfvef hwke fvS Ky ft H h jooGm;um yg;py fr S

a<mif<rf;a7@Gwfawmhrwwf_zpfoGm;onf?

<k<karm fu _r<rif;>vufarmif ;ud ktomqdwfumowday;

vd kufIom awmfayawmhonf? <k<karmfonfvnf; rdr dawG h7onfh

_rifuGif;ud kawG h _rif_yD;_zpfonfud k _r<rif;em;vnfoGm;onf?

2 3

_r<rif;onf a':xm;7if>vufacsmif;rsm;u vD;wefjuD;ud k

y Gwfwd kufay;aeonfud k p l ;p l ;p d kufp d kufjuD ;yi f junf h7i f ; apmapmu

_rifrufcJ h7aomtdyfrufud k _yeftrSwf7aeonf?

cy f0 g ;0 g ;tvif ;a7mi fatmufr Smyi f vD ;we fxdy fz sm ;r S'p f juD ;

e D7 J _y Jvefaeonfud k _r<rif ;aumif ;aumif ;juD;awG h7onf? xd k h _yi f

vD ;xdy fz sm ;qDr St7nfjunfav;rsm; p dr f hx Gufae7m a':xm;7i fu

~Gi f ;wd kufay;aerS Kajumif h xd kt7nfjunfrsm;onf vD;xdy f'p f _y Jvef

juD;ud k okwfvdrf;ay;ovdk_zpfv#uf a_ymifvufIaeonf?

ud katmifxl;>vD;juD;u tawmfud kjuD;onf? _r<rif;onf

a':xm;7i fq ky fu d ki fum~ Gi f ;w k du fay;aeavaomvD ;we f ju D ;>t@ G<f

tpm;ud k pdwf_zif hcef hr Se f;umjunfhvd kufrdonf?

vD;u t@Snf(12)vufrcef h@ S drnf? vH k ;ywfuawmhbdvyf7nf

y kvif ;zi f0 d ki f ;avmufwkwfavrnfvm;? a':xm;7if>vufacsmi f ;r sm;

onf vD;wefvH k ;ywfud k ywfrdatmifrqkyfud ki fE d li fajumif; _r<rif;

owd_yKr donf?

_r<rif;>aygifjum;rSapmufzkwfrSm t_ywfud kr d k hazmif;c ke f ;xI

ae_yD? t7nfawGpd kaewmuvnf; ra_ymygeJ hawmh?

2 4

_r<rif;onf yifwDac:twGif;cHabmif;bDav;ud k0wfxm;onf?

abmif;bDav;uao;onfht_yif juyfjuyfvnf;_zpfonf? ckef;r d k hxvm

aomapmufzkwfrSm abmif;bD~God ki f;ud k t_ywfxdrdaeonf? t7nfjunf

rsm;ajumif h ap;uyfuyfvnf;@S dae_yef7m _r<rif;r Smtawmfud ktae7

cufaeonf?

aumhaxmi fwufaeavonf hapmufap hu twGi f ;c Habmi f ;bD

cGjum;ud k xd k;r daxmufrdaewmu tae7tcufqH k;?

Þ td k junfhygvm;- -[if h- -@Sif h[mjuD;u t7rf;ud kjuD;_yD;

wkwfvd kufwmaemf- - ß

q7mra':xm;7ifu tHjudwfumwD;wd k ;a7@Gwfonf? olr>

vufacsmi f ;awGuawmh cy foGufoGufvS Ky f@ Sm ;um ~Gi f ;wd kufay;ae

onf?

Þ td k- -[if h[if h- -uÈefrb<favmufjumjum_ywfvyfae

7w<fqd kwm @Sifrodbl;aemf- -@Sifrodbl;? [if;[if;- -td k- -

tarh- -[if h ß

_r<rif;onf tdyfrufud k _yefowd7onf? olr>apmufzkwfxJ

2 5

odk h a<mufsm;wpfa<mufu vufacsmif;_zif hxd k ;xnfhum uvday;wm

udk vufawGhc Hpm;ae7ovdkvnf; xifa<mifxifrSm;_zpfonf?

Þ wu<fawmh- -uÈefrwd k h 'Dvd krs d K ;vkyfaejuzd k h raumif;

ygbl;? aumifrav;awGawGhoGm;7if- -td k- -td k- -[if h[if h- - ß

a':xm;7ifc_rm pum;ud ka_zmif hatmifra_ymEd li f@ Sm? ud katmif

xl ;u ol hvufacsmi f ;ud k vSnf hywfxd k ;ar $Iay;vm7m a':xm;7i f

wpfa<muf w[ifh[if hwtif htif h _zpfae7onf?

u d k atmi fx l ;on f a' :xm ;7i f>ay gi f r s m ;u d k y d k _ z Jon f ?

a':xm;7i f>aygi fr sm;y d kum;oGm;7m junf haejuonf hr de f ;uav;rsm;

tzd k h yd k _ri fuGi f ;aumif;vmonf? apmufz kwfxJod k h vufacsmi f ; _zi f h

xd k ;E S d Kufum uvday;aerSK | apmufzkwfES Kwfcrf;om;rsm; yGif hvefvSKyf

@ Sm;juyH kwd k hud kyg aumif;pGm_rifEd li fvmonf?

a[m- -<rif;wd k hacsmif;junfhaewm 'DvljuD;aoaocsmcsmud k

o daeonf? olu wrifud ky d k _ri fE d li fatmi f vky faewmyguvm;[k

_r<rif;>pdwfxJwGif awG;rdonf?

ud katmifxl;onf ol>aygi fud kvnf;y d kum;v#uf cg;ud kvnf;

2 6

cyfaumhaumhvkyfaeayao;onf? TwGifol hvdifwefjuD;ud k a':xm;7if

u vuf_zif hqkyfud ki fum ~Gif;wd kufay;aeyH k _rifuGif;u yd kxif@Sm;vm

onf?

_r<rif;wd k hr de f;uav;wpfod kuftae_zif h a':xm;7if>vufvSKyf

@ Sm;~ Gi f ;wd kufay;rS Kajumif h ud katmifxl;>a~G;OjuD;rsm;wvSKy fvS Ky f _zpf

aeyH kud kyg awGh7_rif7onf?

Þ aumi frav;awG _ri fo Gm ;awm haum bm_zp fv Jrxm;7 J h ?

o lwd k htz d k h aumi f ;aumi f ; junf hp7m@ S Kp7m_zp fo Gm ;r Smayg h ? tif ;- -

rxm;ae7mr S mo lw d k h a7mu fae7i fvn f ; rxm;v d k y J aumi f ; aumi f ;

pnf;pdr fawG haerSmayg h [kwfbl;vm; ß

ud katmi fxl ;u ol hvD ;ud kq ky fud ki fum ~ Gi f ;w d ku fay;aeav

aom a':xm;7ifud ka_ymonf? a':xm;7ifud ka_ym_cif ; _zp faomfvnf;

xd kpum;rsm;onf rdr dwd k hud k7nf@ G<fajumif ; _r<rif;aumif ;aumif ;

o donf? _r<ri f ;r Sm a':xm;7i fae7mwGi fr dr doma7mufaev#i f[k

awG;um pdwft7rf;ud kvSKy f@ Sm;vm7onf? ud katmifxl;>vufacsmif;

juD;u <ckyif rdr d>apmufacgi f ;xJ wd k ;0i fuvdvmaeovd kvd kyi f

cHpm;7onf?

2 7

udkatmifxl;onf yg;pyfua_ym7if; apmufzkwfud kxd k ;uvdae

aomvufud kvnf; yd kIoGufoGufESi f h _ref_refvSKyf@ Sm;ay;onf? a':xm;

7ifrSm nnf;oHoJ hoJ hav;rsm;_yKum yd kI_ref_ref~Gi f;wd kufay;onf?

a':xm;7ifonf vD;wefvHk;ywfudk vufacsmif;rsm;_zifhqkyfudkifum

~ Gi f ;wd ku fay;ae7i f ; vD ;'p fud k vufr_zi f hz dy Gw fay;onf? Ttcg

vD;xdyfzsm;r Sp dr f hxGufvmonfht7nfjunfav;rsm;u 'pf_y JvefjuD;ud k

y d kIvdr f ;us Honf? vD;'p f _y JvefjuD;onf yd kta7mi fvufawmufvm

onf?

Þ ' Dpum;r s d K ; awm hra _ymy ge J hu d k atmi fx l ;7< f ? o lw d k hu d k

uÈefru xdef;odrf;apmif ha@Smufay;7rSmyg@Si f ß

q7mra':xm;7ifu cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymonf?

ud katmifxl;u cpfueJ7<farmum qD;pyfud kaumhaumhwifay;

onf? TwGifol>vD;juD;u a':xm;7ifvufxJwGif aig hueJaig hueJ

xd k;Iaeavawmhonf?

Þ [m;[m;[m;- -vkyfraeygeJ h? usKyfwd k hE Sp fa<mufrEWav;

wnf;c d k7 dy fomutcef ;ud ka7mufoGm;pr f ;ygap? cifAsm;e J hus Ky ftJ' Dusr S

2 8

aumi f ;aumi f ; juD ;vd k ; juaqmfjuwmayg h ? ci fA sm ;ud kaumi f ;aumi f ;

umrpnf;pdr fawG hatmif usKyfuvdk;ay;rSmyg? cifAsm;t7rf;ud kZ dr f7pf_yD;

tJ' Daumifrav;awGud kapmi f ha@ Smufz d k h | tky fxde f ;z d k hqd kwmawG owd

awmif7awmhrSmr[kwfbl; ß

ud katmi fx l ;a _ymvd ku fonf hpum;r sm ;r Sm at;pufy d k i fE d l i fr S K

awGt_ynfhygae7m jum;vd kuf7onfh_r<rif;rSm ausmxJwGifat;pdrf hI

yifoGm;rdonf?

xd ktcs de fwGi f <k<karmf>vufacsmif;rsm;u _r<rif;>vuf

armif;wpfbufud k tomqkyfud ki fonf? xd kvufacsmif;rsm;u _idrf_i dr f

rae? a':xm;7ifvD;ud kud ki fI ~Gi f ;wd kufay;aeaomvSKy f@ Sm;r S Ktwd ki f ;

_r<rif ;>vufarmi f ;ud k tomqky fud ki fum xufatmufy Gwfwd kuf

vSKyf@ Sm;aeonf?

Þ uJ- -cyfoGufoGufcyf_ref_refav; ~Gif;wd kufay;prf;rxm;?

usKyfv7nfawGxGufvmawmhr<f ß

ud katmifxl;u a_yma_ymqd kqd k qD;pyfud kqwfueJqwfueJ

aumhaumhxd k ;wifay;onf? xd kod k haumhxd k ;wifvd kufwd ki f ; a':xm;7if

vufxJ@S dvD;acsmif;juD;u aig hueJaig hueJ xd k;axmifwufvmonf?

2 9

t_ri fuawm h yu fpu fv Sonf ? _r<ri f ;onf junf h7i f ;

7i fodr f hwke fvm7m atmf[pfa7@ Gwf _ci f ;r_yKr d7avatmif renf;ud k

xde f;odrf;ae7onf?

xd ktcs de fr Smyif rdr d>aemufausmay:od k h wpfa<mufa<muf

wd k;uyfvmonfud k _r<rif;cHpm;od7onf? rd k htdaom7ifom;qd ki fE Sp fc k

u _r<rif;>vuf_yifud k tdueJyifxdrdonf? xd kr#omru aEG;axG;

aomxGufoufavuvnf; ~kwfom;rsm;ud kxdawG hvm_yefonf?

aemu fv Sn f h r jun f h aom fvn f ; onfv d kw d k ;uy fvmo lr S m

7c d k i fo luav;rmvmwi f _zp fa jumi f ; _r<ri f ;tvd kv d k yi fo donf ?

rmvmwifonf _r<rif;>aemufausmud kwd k ;uyfv#uf ud katmifxl;

E Si f ha':xm;7ifwd k hE Sp fa<muf okwfxGuf| apmuf7nfxGufE Si f h Ø_y D ; ×

juawmhrnfht_zpfud k tirf;r7_zif hvSrf;junfhonf?

odyfawmhrjumyg?

q7mra':xm;7ifu t7if Ø_yD;× onf? xdkod k h Ø_yD;× oGm;

onf htc g a':xm;7i fr S m 7i faw Gaum hv #u f zi f ju D ;onfvnf ;

xd ki fc ke fr St_ywfud kjuGwufvmonf? ESKwfcrf;om;ESp fc k[ww_zpfoGm;

um oGm;awGuawmhaphxm;onf?

3 0

ap hxm;aomoGm;r sm ;tjum;r S wtpftp fwtktk toHr sm ;

xGufaeonf? olr>wpfud k<fvH k ;r Smr l rjuH K7wmjum_y D _zp faom

umrpnf;pdr f>@k dufcwfrS K _zif h qwfqwfwkefcgIaeonf?

u d katmi fx l ;uvnf ; tvd ku fo dp G m _zi f h o l>vuf!S d K ;u d k

t@ S de fcy f _yi f ; _yi f ;E Si f h apmufacgi f ;ay gufxJxd k ;o Gi f ; _ye fxkwfvky fay;

aeonf? apmufap hud kvnf; yGwfqG Jonf? wysp fy sp ftoHav;rsm;

cyfoJ hoJ hay:vmonf?

c^tjumwGi f a':xm;7if _i dr fusoGm;onf? od k haomfolr>

vufacsmi f ;awGuawmh vD;acsmi f ;juD;ud kqky fud ki fxm;qJ? ~Gi f ;quf

wd kufay;aeqJ? onfwpfcgawmh ud katmifz l ;a7@ Gwf _rnfwrf ;7rnf h

tvSnfh?

u d k atmi fx l ;>touf@ S Lo H r S m r D ; 7xm ; ac g i f ;w G J ju D ;v d k

w@ SL ;@ S L ;w@ S J@ S Jyi f _rnfvmonf? cg ;ud kvnf;qwfueJqwfueJaumh

wifay;rS Ku tvGef_refvmonf?

onfaemufawmh ud katmifxl;>vD;wefxdyfzsm;r S _zLazG;ysp f

cÈ Jaomokwf7nfrsm; yspfueJyef;xGufvmonf?

3 1

_r<rif;rSm yg;pyfr Sa7@Gwfatmf[pfrdvk_zpfoGm;7onf? pdwfrSm

vnf; t_ywfud kvSKyf@ Sm;aeonf?

xGufvmaomokwf7nfawGu tawmfud krsm;onf? vD;xyfzsm;

r Squfvufye f ;x Gu faeonf ? a':xm;7i fonf ure f ;uwe f ;yi f

okwf7nfrsm;ud k vufz0g;ESi f hc H<lxm;vd kuf7onf? r[kwfv#ifokwf7nf

r sm;onf a':xm;7i f>t0wftpm;awGay:usa7mufp Ge f ;xi f ;ayuse f

uke frnfr[kwfygvm;?

ud katmi fxl ;uawmh w@SL ;@ S L ;w@S J@ S Jtouf_yi f ; _yi f ;@ S Lv#uf

okwf7nfr sm ;ye f ;x kwfaeqJ? a':xm;7i f>vufacsmi f ;r sm ;tjum;r S

<d kp dr f husvmaom okwf7nfyspfyspfrsm;yspf_zL_zLtcs d K honf udkatmifxl;

>qD;py f@ S dvD ;ar $ ;r sm;ay: tpufuav;rsm;t_zp f wifuke f juonf?

'gud kjunfh7if; _r<rif;wd k holi<fcsif;av;a<mufrSm touf@SLzd k hud kyif

arhukefju7onf? 7ifuw'dwf'dwfcke faejuonf?

xd ktcs de fr Smyif vD;xdyfzsm;r S aemufqH k ;okwf7nfwpfcsufyef;

xGuf_yD;aemuf udkatmifxl;>vufESpfbufonf oGufvuf_refqefpGm

vSKyf@Sm;vmonf?

nmvufua':xm;7if>vnf~kwfud k qkyfud ki fonf? b<fvuf

3 2

uawm h o kw f7n fr s m ;c H< lxm;aoma':xm;7i f>nmbufvufu d k

_zwfueJqkyfonf? a':xm;7ifu twif;@ ke f ;uefz d k h judK;pm;ao;onf?

od k haom f ud katmi fxl ;uoefrm_y D ; cs Ky fud ki fzr f ;qky fxm;onfrsm;u

_rJ_r HvSaomajumif h a':xm;7ifc_rm b<fvk dr S@ ke f ;xGufvd k hr7Ed li f?

ud katmifxl;onf nmvuf_zi f ha':xm;7if>acgi f ;ud k rvSKy f

@Sm;Ed li fatmif csKyfud ki fxm;_yD; b<fvuf_zif hqkyfud ki fxm;aomnmvuf

z0g;ud ktay:od k hqG Jwifonf? a':xm;7ifu awmif hc Hxm;onf? 'gay

r<fh a':xm;7iftae_zif h ud katmifxl;>oefpGrf;aomtiftm;ud k r<SOf

Ed li f? xd k h _yif ud katmifxl;onf a':xm;7ifud k pdwf"gwftiftm;t7

vnf; v$rf;rd k ;xm;Ed li f _y D_zpf7m a':xm;7if>awmif hc Hxm;rS Ku bmr#

t7mra7mufay?

okwf7nfrsm;ud kc H<lxm;aomnmvufz0g;onf tay:od k hw_znf;

_znf;juGwufvmonf?

acsmi f ;junf haejuonfhaumifrav;rsm;r Sm t7rf;ud kp dwfvSKy f

@ Sm;vmjuonf? 7ifawGuvnf; w'def;' de f ;c ke f7m 7ifcke foHrsm;ud kyif

em;_zif hyifjum;ae7ovdkvd k?

aemufqH k ;awmh a':xm;7if>vufz0g;rSm yg;pyfem;od k ha7muf

3 3

vmonf? vufz0g;_yifay:wGifwifaeonfhokwf7nfyspfcÈ Jc J È _zL_zLrsm;

uawmh a':xm;7if>yg;pyfem;wGifuyfv#uf wnfhwnfhrwfrwf?

Þ uJ- -vuf0g;ay:uv7nfawGud k7ufvd kufprf;rxm;?

cifAsm;'Dvd krs d K ;7ufjunfhcsifaeygw<fav? usKyfodw<f? cifAsm;ud k

cifAsm;q7mrqdk_yD; xdef;aewmr[kwfvm;? 'gud karhypfvd kufprf;ygAsm

uJ- -7ufav? bmvkyfaewmvJ ß

ud katmifxl;>at;pufrmajumonfhtoHESif ha_ymonf?

xd ktoHwGifjoZmtm^mtaiG htoufawGut_ynfh?

rde f;uav;rsm;u rsufvH k ;t0d ki f ;om;ESi f hjunfhaejuqJrSmyif

q7mra':xm;7if>yg;pyfav;[v#uf eD7Jp Gwfpd kaom@Smu @Suf@G H h@ G H h _zif h

wd k;xGufvmonf?

xGufvmaom@Smzsm;u vufz0g;ay:rSokwf7nfrsm;ud k xdawG h

r dvd kufcs de fwGif a':xm;7if>udk<fqwfueJwkefoGm;onfud k _r<rif;

wd k hav;a<mufaumif;aumif;juD;_rifju7onf? a':xm;7ifqwfueJ

wkefovdk olwd k hav;a<mufvH k;>7ifvnf; 'de f;ueJcke fonf?

onfaemufwGifawmh- -?

3 4

q7mra':xm;7ifonf okwf7nfrsm;ud k@ Sm_zi f h7ufumuavmf

ay;v#uf yg;pyfxJod k h<l_yD; aomufrs d Kcsavawmhonf?

Þ at;- -'Dvd kr Sayg hrxm;7J h ? 7ufav; tm;vH k ;a_ymifoGm;

atmifaoaocsmcsm7uf_y D ; rs d Kc syp fvd kufpr f ;yg? 'g[mrxm;twGuf

yxroifcef;pmyJ ß

ud katmifxl;u auseyftm;7pGma_ymonf?

tpyd ki f;wGif cyf@G H h@ G H hcyfwGef hwGef h _zpfaeaomfvnf; rjumrDrSmyif

a':xm;7ifonf tm;7yg;7tirf;r7yif7uf<lae7m wysyfysyftoHrsm;

yifay:xGufvmavawmhonf?

_r<rif ;wd k hvlp kr Smvnf; apmuf7nfjunfawG<d kp dr f ht Husum

wu<ftvdk;rcHyg7yJESi f h wpfcs Dp D Ø_yD;× ukefju7avawmhonf?

7xm;juD;uawmh tarSmifxkud kc Gi f ;um w~sH K ;~s H K ;w~suf~suf

ESi f hc kwfarmif;aeqJ?

3 5

tcef;(2)

_r<rif;onf a7cs d K ;ce f ;xJr Stomav#mufvSr f ;xGufvmonf?

olronfar $ ;y Gr sufE Smokwfy0gjuD ;ud k xrD7i fvsm;oabmrs d K ;7p fywf

xm;onf?

r sufE Smokwfy0gjuD ;onf tawmfyi f juD ;onfr Se faom fvnf;

xr Davmufawm h te Hr@ S d ? 7i fom;r sm ;ay:w Gi fyw fIpnf ;xm;7m

atmufbufyd ki f ;wGif aygif7if;omomavmuftxdoma7mufonf?

odyfawmhvH kvH kvJvJr@S dvSyg? 'gayr<f hbm_zpfao;vJ? ud k<f h

tcef;xJrSmud k<f wHcg;ydwf_yD;@ S daewmyJ? b<folawG_rifwmvd kufvd k h?

_r<rif;onfTodk hawG;um wpfa<mufwnf;_yH K;onf?

o l rtz d k hon fv d k r su f E S mo kw f y0 g ju D ;u d komyw fxm ;v #u f

a7cs d K ;ce f ;xJr SxGufvm7r S Kr Sm t7r; fud kxl ; _cm;onf htawG htjuH K _zp f

on f ? E d l i f i H _ cm ;@ k y f @ S i f r s m ;x Jw Gi f Zmw fv d ku fri f ;or D ; r s m ;on f

onf hE S< f _y Ky H k r sm ;u d k junf h _y D ; _r<ri f ; ju dw fumtm;usaec J honf?

tm;us@k Hom@S donf? tdrfrSmonfvd kvkyfEd li fc Gi f h vH k;0r@S dc J h?

3 6

_r<rif;>rdcifu pnf;urf;juD;onf? a7cs d K ;ce f ;r SxGufv#i f

xrDud kaooyfpGm7ifvsm;7onfomru tay:rSrsufESmokwfy0g_zif hvnf;

ususeecs H K7ao;onf? <ckawmh a_ymrnf hvlvnf;r@S d ? vGwfvGwf

vyfvyfrd k h wpfa<mufwnf;vkyfcsif7mvkyfaeEd li fonf?

[kwfonf? xdktcef;xJwGif _r<rif;wpfa<mufwnf;?

olwd k hvlpk | rEWav;od k ha7muf_yD;aemuf vyfuD;a[mfw<fwGif

wnf;cd kjuonf? judKwifpDpOfxm;onfhtwd ki f ; olwd k htwGuf tcef;

oH k ;ce f ;u toif h@ S daeonf? _r<rif;E Si f htd ki f7i f ;ba7mif;wd k huwcef; |

<k<karm fE Si f hrmvmwifu wpfce f ; ? q7mra':xm;7i fwp fa<muf

wnf;u wpfcef;?

q7mra':xm;7if>tcef;E Si f h<k<karm fwd k h>tcef;u wquf

wnf;ab;csif;uyfv#uf@S donf? tcef;ESp fc ktjum;wGif ydwfEd li fz Gi f hE d li f

aom eH7HwHcg;wpfck _cm;xm;onf? xd ke H7 HwHcg;ydwfxm;v#if wcef;p D

owfowf? xd ke H7 HwHcg;ud kz Gi f hxm;ygu wpfcef;E Si f hwpfcef;ul;oef;oGm;

vmEd li fv#uf tcef;us<fjuD;wpfckvd k _zpfonf?

_r<rif ;wd k htce f ;u a':xm;7i f>tcef ;E Si f hr sufE Smc si f ;qd ki f ?

jum;rSmawmh pjuFefvrf;@S donf?

3 7

_r<rif;onf oli<fcsif;<k<karmfESi f h wcef;wnf;twlaecsif

onf? od k haomf q7mra':xm;7ifu _r<rif;ud ktd ki f7i f ;E Si f hwpfwG J

ae7mcsay;xm;7m b<fvd kr Sr_iif;qefomcJ hyg?

olwd k honf blwm@k Hr SaeI vD;uD;a[mfw<fod k h wd kuf@k dufvm

cJ honf? vD;uD;a[mfw<fwGif acwWem;ae| a7rd k ;cs d K ;um aehvnfpm

pm;aomufonf? _yD;awmh um;wpfpD;i Sm;_yD; rEWav;_rd K htES H hvnfywf

bk7m;zl;juum nae(7)em7DavmufrS a[mfw<fod k h _yefa7mufonf?

c7 D ;vnf ;ye f ;vmjuonfr d k h naepmpm;aomuf _y D ;onfE Si f h

vlpkc G Jum udk<f htcef;ud kwufum em;juonf?

td ki f7if;uawmh tcef;ud kpwdom_yefonf? csufcsi f ;yift_yif

od k hvpfxGufoGm;7m <cktcs de ftxdawmh _yefay:rvm? tcsde fuvnf;

noef;acgifavmuf@S dae_yDr d k h td ki f7if;_yefvmp7mvnf; tajumif;r@S d?

[Gef h 'Dbd ku_ym;r b<frSmoGm;_yD;b<ftqufeJ hjunfaerSe f;rodygbl;?

onfawmhtcef ;xJr Sm <rif;wpfa<mufwnf;y J _zp fae7awmh

wmayg h ? aumif ;ygw<fav? wpfa<mufwnf;qd kawmh ud k<f hp dwf

ud k<f hoabm? vGwfvGwfvyfvyfaeEd li fwmayg h ? b<fol hud kr Stm;em

axmufxm;aep7m rvdkawmhbl;?

3 8

c7D;yef;aeonfrSmrSe faomfvnf; _r<rif;rSm rsufpdajumifum

tdyfraysm fay? tdyf7ma_ymif;aomajumif hvm;awmh ra_ymwwf?

<ckvnf; td kufpyfpyf@ S daomajumif h a7xcs d K ; _ci f ; _zp fonf?

a7cs d K ;cef;xJwGi f a7yla7at;ESp frs d K ;vd k7mzGi f hIcs d K ;E d li f7m _r<rif;tzd k h

tvGefud koabmawGhcJ h7onf?

p dwfvufayg hy g ;um wpfa<mufwnf;vGwfvGwfvyfvyf@ S dae

aom_r<rif ;onf oDcsi f ;av;wnnf;nnf;E Si f h t0wftpm;rsm;vJ

aeonf?

_r<rif;nnf;aeonfu aZmf0if;xGãf> Ø~EÉm7D× oDcsif;?

Þ nawGa<mifa<mifEd k ;w<f- -tdyfcs de folvmvmES d K ;w<f- -

emrnfac:oHigjum;7w<f- - ß

t0w ftpm ;v Jon fq d k 7 mw Gi fvn f ; ax Gax Gx l ;x l ; awm h

r[kwfyg? nbufvnf; _zp f | vGwfvGwfvyfvyfp dwfjud Kufvnf;ae

Ed li faomajumif h b7mpD<mawG| twGif;c Habmif;bDawGbmawGckcHum

0wfraeawmhy J xrDwpfxyf | tay:uwD@Sy fwpfxyfomaumuf0wf

vd kuf_cif;yg?

3 9

tif;- -onfvd kawmhvnf; ae7xdki f7wm w<foufawmif h

oufom@S dyguvm;? wif;wif;juyfjuyftwGif;cHawGr@S dawmhwmuvnf;

t7omwpfrs d K ; | vGwfvyf_cif;wpfckygyJ?

t0wftpm;vJ_yD;aemuf oDcsif;qufnnf;aeonf?

Þ ol[m tm@k Hr Sm0ifa7mufcJ hw<f- -ig[m a@Smifwmawmif

vmaESmif h<Sufw<f? b<fvd kE Si fE Si fav- -_yefrxGufawmhw<f- - ß

Þ zwfzwf- - ß

wHcg;acgufoHav; cyfoJ hoJ hay:vmonf? wHcg;acguf_cif;awmif

r[kwf? tomvufz0g;_zif hy kwf_cif;?

_r<rif;onf oDcsi f ;tnnf;7yfum csufcsi f ;yi fwHcg ;em;od k h

ta_y;a7mufoGm;onf? tvnfxGufoGm;oltd ki f7i f ; _ye fa7mufvm

wmvm;? 'Daumif b<fenf;eJ hrsm; tcs de frawmfjuD;'Dud kta7muf_yef

vmEd li fwmvJ?

_r<rif;onf wHcg;ud kawmht7rf;rzGi f h ? toHcyftky ftky f _zi f h

ar;vd kufonf?

4 0

Þ b<folvJ[if ß

Þ igyg? rd<kav- -wHcg;zGi f hprf;yg _ref_ref ß

t_yifbufrS cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymoHjum;7onf?

njuD ;tcs de frawm f <k<karm fbmvmvky fy gvdr f h ? _y D ;awm h

a_ymyH kqd ky H kuvnf; v#d K hv# d K h0 Suf0SufESi f h?

_r<ri f ;u wHc g ;u d k c su fc si f ;z G i f h ay ;v d ku fonf ? _y D ;awm h

<k<karmftxJ0ifEd li f7ef tomaemufqkwfae7mz<fay;vd kufonf?

od k haomf <k<karmfu tcef;xJr0if?

Þ vm- -ig haemufvd ku fc J h ? [d k ud katmi fxl ;qd kw J hv l juD ;

w Dc s m htce f ;x Ja7mu fae _y D ? o lw d k htv ky f _ zp f juawm hr< f ? t J' g

eifvnf;junfhEd li fatmif igvmac:wm ß

<k<karmfu avoHwd k;wd k ; _zif ha_ymonf?

<k<karm fonf wD@ Sy fcy fy Gy GE Si f h ye f ;E ka7mi fwufx@G Ha _ymi f

4 1

xrDud k0wfxm;onf? pjuFe fvrf ;wGi fxGe f ;xm;aomrD ;a7mi fxd k ;[yfr S K

ajumi f h <k<karm fr Smvnf; tus ôwp fxyf | xrDwpfxyfwnf;om

tcktcHrygyJ0wfxm;ajumif; odEd li fonf?

Þ uJ- -vmprf;yg _ref_ref ß

<k<karmfu avmfaqmfumqG Jac:aomajumif h _r<rif;onf

tcef;ud kaomhydwfum <k<karmfaemufod k hvk dufvmcJ honf?

olwd k htcef;0od k ha7mufaomtcg <k<karmfonf ESKwfcrf;wGi f

vuf!S d K ;awhum toHrxGufz d k htxde f ;tr Sw f _y _y D ; tce f ;w Hc g ;u d k

tomz Gi f honf? _y D ;awm h E Sp fa<mufom;tce f ;x Jo d k h a_caz g hum

0ifvd kufjuonf?

4 2

tcef;xJwGif rD;zGi f hrxm;? <k<karmfu tcef;wHcg;ud ktom

ydwfvd kuf7m wd k ;0i faeonf htvif ;a7mi fvnf;aysmufI ar Smi fr d ku f

oGm;onf?

od k haomf rsufaphusif hom;7vmawmh tcef;xJwGi f yde f ;y dwf

atmifar Smi fraey J tvif;a7mi fcy fr S de fr S de fuav;@ S daeonfud k awG h7

avonf?

rmvmwifonf tcef;E Sp fc ktjum;@S de H7 HwHcg;teD;wGi f tom

uyfv#ufom;@S daeonfud k awGh7onf?

e H7 Hw Hc g ;onf tHusr_zp f ? [aeonf htuG Jajumi f ;@ S donf?

wp fbufce f ;r Stvif ;a7mi fonf tuG Jajumi f ;r Sonfbufod k h0i fum

cyfrSe fr Se ftvif;a7mif7atmifvkyfay;ovdk _zpfaeonf?

e H 7 Hw Hc g ;>wp fbu fu a':xm ;7i f>tce f ; ? apmapmu

<k<karm fwD;wd k ;a_ymcJ haompum;ESi f hqufpyfjunf hv#i f wpfbufcef ;

xJwGif_zpfysufaerSKud k _r<rif;awG;odum tvdkvd kae7if;pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;

vmonf?

<k<karmfonf _r<rif;ud k eH7HwHcg;teD;od k h tomqGJac:oGm;

4 3

onf? _r<rif;onf7ifw'def;' de f;c ke fv#uf <k<karmfqG Jac:7maemufod k h

ygoGm;onf?

rmvmwi fonf <k< karm fE S i f h _ r<ri f ;w d k h 0i fvmE d l i f atmi f

ae7mtenf;i<fa@$ hay;onf? od k haomfolrrsufvH k ;awGuawmh wHcg;

tufajumif;ae7mrSrcGm?

_r<rif ;onf wpfbufce f ;od k hacsmi f ;rjunf hy J _ii f ;y<fum

xGufoGm;z k d hp dwful;r dao;onf? od k haomfnbuf7xm;ay:wGi f _ri fc J h7r S K

ud k _ye fvnfowd7um qufvufjunf hvd kp dwfr sm; _zp fay:vmaom

ajumif h _ii f ;qefxoGm;z d k hp dwful;vnf; juufaysmufi Sufaysmufyi f

aysmufuG<foGm;onf?

_r<rif;onf eH7 HwHcg;tem;wGi ftomukef;um tufajumif;

ae7mrS wpfbufcef;od k hacsmif;junfhvd kufonf?

pacsmi f ;vd kufonf htcs de fwGi f tcef;xJwGi fb<folud kr #r_rif7?

cHwifay:rSmvnf; bmr#r@S d? xd ki fc ke frsm;uvnf; onftwdki f;?

_r<rif;p dwfysufovd k _zp foGm;qJr Smyif cyfjurf;jurf;ei f ;vm

aoma_coHrsm;jum;7_yD; olr>_rifuGif;xJod k hud katmifxl;a7mufvmonf?

4 4

tJawmh? ' DvljuD;t0wftpm;awGr@ S dbl ;? ud k<fwH k ;vH k ; juD ;

ygvm;?

a<mufsm;juD;wpfa<mufud k yvmud k<fvH k ;wD;e J haoaocsmcsm

juD;_rifvd kuf7onf htwGuf _r<rif;c_rm t7rf;ud k@ SufajumufoGm;

rdwmayg h? r_zpfbl;? 'Dae7mu csufcsif;xGufoGm;rS?

'gayr<fhp dwfom@S dw<f? vluawmhrygEd li fbl;?

<cktjudr fonf _r<rif;tzd k h a<mufsm;juD;wpfa<mufud k

yvmud k<fvH k ;wD; _zi f h yxrqH ktjudr f _ri fawG h7_cif ; _zp fonf? xd k _ri f

uGif;uolrud k t_ywfud kqG Jaqmifxm;onf? !S d K hxm;onf?

_r<rif;qd kwJ haumifrav;wpfa<mufav? pyg;juD;a_rGt!S d k hc H

xm;7wJhom;aumifvd k _zpfoGm;7_yD? xxGufoGm;zd k ha0;a7m? _rifae7

wJ hud katmi fxl ;7 J hu d k<fvH k ;wD ;ud k<fcE Wmud k aoaocsmcsmjuD ;awmi f

pl;pd kufjunfhrdaeav7Jh?

' Dv d k junf h7i f ; ausm@ k d ;x Juat;p dr f h atmi f c Hpm ;7onf?

pdwfuvnf; t7rf;ud kvSKyf@ Sm;aewmyJ?

4 5

olh@ky f7nfud kvnf; tckrSyJ_r<rif;aoaocsmcsmjuD;ud k _rifawG h

7wmyg? oluvlacsmyJ@Si f h? toufuawmh av;q<favmuf@S dyg_yD?

_r<rif;onf udkatmifxl;>wpfud k<fvH k ;ud k tao;pdwfpl;prf;

junfh@S Kaeonf?

onfvljuD;u t7yft_rif hom;? _yD;awmhAvuvnf;juD;onf?

_yD;awmhtar$;tr#ifuvnf; tawmfxlw<f@Si f?

7ifbwfay:rSm tar$;awGurnf;aewmyJ?

atmufod k hw_znf; _znf;a@ G hvsm;vmaom_r<rif ;>rsufvH k ;r sm;

onf ud katmi fxl ;aygi f jum;r SvD ;we fjuD ;@ S d7mod k h a7mufvmonf?

vD;uawmifrwfraeao;yg?

[d k 7xm;ay:rSmwkef;u_rifcJ h7ovdk rwfrwfawmifawmifjuD;

_zpfraeao;wmudk a_ymwmyg?

'gayr<fhacGaysmhaewmqdkawmhvnf; r[kwf_yefbl;? rawmif h

wawmif| raysmhwaysmhjum;ta_ctaerSm @S daewm?

4 6

rde f;rwpfa<muf>obm0pdwft7 onfvD;juD;rwfawmifvm

atmifvky fay;z d k h ody frcufajumif; _r<rif;pO f ;pm;od@ S dvd kuf7onf?

xd ktodu _r<rif;>aoG;om;rsm;ud k vSKyf@ Sm;Ed k ;jum;vmaponf?

Þ a[h- -rxm;- -a7cs d K ;cef;xJrSm tcs de f _zKe f;raeeJ h? cyf

_ref_refxGufvmcJ hprf; ß

ud katmifxl;u toHus<fus<fESi f ha_ymvd kufonf? onfvl

toHus<fus<fESif hpum;a_ymonfud kvnf; <ckrS_r<rif;jum;7_cif;yg?

ud katmi fxl ;toHu joonf? xd k h _yi fa _ymvd ku fy H kuvnf;

y d k i f p d k ; y d k i f ei f ;@ S dv Sonf ? xd ktoHE Si f hx d kta _ymu d k jum;7 _ci f ;uyi f

wpfrs d K ;p dwfvSKyf@ Sm;p7m? _r<rif;>7ifonf odrf hodrf hav;wkefvmonf?

q7mra':xm;7ifonf txdrcHZwfZwfjuJ_zpfum tawmfpGm

ajumif;ud k _r<rif;odxm;onf? ud katmifxl;u yd ki fp d k ;y d ki fei f;atmf

[pfa_ymqd konfud k a':xm;7ifu _yefvnf7efawG hvdrf hrnf[k _r<rif;

xifrdonf? onfvd kE Si f hud katmifxl;ESi f ha':xm;7ifwd k h uawmufuq

pum;rsm;juv#if olwd k hE Sp fa<muf Øtvkyf _zp f × juawmhr Smr[kwf

[kvnf; pOf;pm;rdonf?

4 7

bmyJ_zpf_zpf_r<rif;onf t@G<fa7muf_yD;aoma<mufsm;juD;

ESi f hr de f;rjuD;wd k h tvkyf_zpfjuonfud kawmh junfhcsif_rifcsifygao;onf?

od k haomfa':xm;7ifu bmr#cGe f;wkef h _yefumra_ym?

t dy f ce f ; E S i f hw G Jv #u f@ S d aeonf h a7c s d K ; ce f ;w Hc g ;y G i f hvmum

a':xm;7ifav#mufvSrf;xGufvmonfud k _rifju7onf?

a':xm;7ifonf rsufESmokwfy0gjuD;ud k xrD7ifvsm;0wfovdk

7pfywfxm;onf? apmapmurdr dvnf; onfvd ktaetxm;ta_ctae

rs d K ;E Si f h a7cs d K ;cef;xJrSxGufcJ honfud k _r<rif;_yefowd7rdonf?

a':xm;7ifonf ud katmifxl;@ S daeonf hc Hwifbufod k h tom

av#mu fv Sr f ;o G m ;onf ? <c ku d k atmi fx l ;onf c Hwi fapmi f ;w Gi f

wifyg;v$ Jxd ki faeonf? ieJom;>rsufvH k ;rsm;u olhxHod k hav#mufvSrf;

vmaeaomtrs d K ;orD;ud k pl;pd kufumjunfhaeonf?

vH k ;juD;aygufvSESi f h _zL_zLawmif hawmif hjuD;_zpfaom onfrde f;r

ud k rjumrDpdwfjudKufvd k ;7awmhrnfud k ud katmifxl;odonf? t_ywf

vnf;raemacG haeonf?

4 8

udkatmifxl;u ol hvD;acsmi f ;juD;ud k tomvuf_zi f hy Gwfoyf

vd kufonf? a':xm;7ifr Sm xd kvD;juD;r SrsufvH k ;rcGmEd li f? aoaocsm

csmud kjunfhaeonf?

q7mra':xm;7if tawmfud kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;aerSe f; _r<rif;vnf;

ud k<fcsif;pm_yD; em;vnfygw<f? [kwfw<fav? <rif;ud k<fwd ki fr Sm

vnf; ud katmifxl;qd kwJ hvljuD; ol hvD ;ol hvufe J hud ki faqmhaewmud k

junfh_yD; 7ifxJyavmifqlatmifud k pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;ae7wmr[kwfygvm;?

' DvljuD;e J hez l;awG h' l ;awG hqd kovd k ud k<fwd ki fawG hjuHK7awmhr<f h

wDcsmqd k7if yd kqd k ;r Smawmh? yd kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;rSmayg h?

Þ ud katmifxl;7<f- -odyfjurf;jurf;awmhrvkyfyge J h@ Si f- -

uÈe fr' g- -'gr s d K ;rvky f _zp fwm tawmfjumyg _y D ? cy f _znf ; _znf ;e J h

nifnifomomav;vkyfaemf [kwfvm; ß

ud katmi fxl ;uawmh ol hvD ;ud ktomvufe J hy Gw f _y D ; qufI

aqmhaeonf? olh>vD;juD;onf a_rGjuD;wpfaumifyg;ysOf;axmifovdk

rmefaxmifum rwfawmifIvmonf? xdkawmifrwfvmonfhvD;acsmif;

juD;>t@G<ftpm;uyif acsmif;junfhaeaomrdef;uav;oH k;a<mufa7m|

ud k<fwd ki ftvd k ;c H7rnf htrs d K ;or D ; juD ;ud ka7m t_ywfud kp dwfvS Ky f@ Sm ;

4 9

vmaponf?

ti f ;- -' gobm0av? r de f ;rqd kwma<muf sm ;v D ; _ri f77i f

p dw fv S Ky f@ S m ;r S my J ? ud katmi fx l ;7 J hv D ;u (12)vufrausm f@ Sn f _y D ;

bdvyf7nfy kvif;zi f0 d ki f ;avmufud kwkwfwJ h wu<fhvD;wefjuD;r[kwf

vm;? 'gjuD;rwfawmifaewm_rif7awmh b<frde f;rrsm; pdwfrvSKyf@ Sm;

yJaeEd li fr SmwJ hvJ?

Þ tJ- -tJ'DrsufESmokwfy0gjuD;ud k z<fvd kufprf;ygrxm;7J h?

cifAsm;7J habmf' Dud k epfuufjunfhcsifw<f ß

ud katmifxl;u avat;at;eJ hawmif;qd konf?

_r<rif;wd k hp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;pGm_zif h rdr dwd k hq7mrud k<fvH k ;wD;cÈwf_y|

rcÈwf_y apmif hjunfhaeonf?

jumjumawmhrapmif h7yg?

u d k atmi fx l ;>pum ;tqH k ; r S myi f q7mra' :xm ;7i fon f

pn f ;xm;aomr su fE S mo kw fy0 g ju D ;u d k tomyi f _z Kw fc sv d ku fonf ?

r su f E S mo kw f y 0 g ju D ; ju r f ; _ y i f a y : y H k v #u fo m ;u so G m ; _ y D ?

5 0

q7mra':xm;7if>7uf7ufa7ma7mud k<fvH k ;wD;cÈwf_yvd kufr S K

ajumif h _r<rif;| <k<karmfESi f h rmvmwifwd k hoH k ;a<mufvH k;tH hjooGm;

juonf? [mueJ_zpfuke fjuonf? t@Sufenf;vScsnfvm;wDcsm7<f

[kvnf; olwd k hp dwfxJrSjudwfum a7@Gwfvd kufrdonf?

w_yd Ki feufwnf;r Smyif rde f ;uav;oH k ;a<muf>7rufp dwfawG

qla0vmjuonf? tif; 'Dvd ky J _zpf7rSmayg h?

_r<rif;tzd k h trs d K ;orD;wpfa<mufud k 0pfvpfpvpf_zif hawG h7

onfr Smvnf; <ckyxrqH k ;tjudr f _zp fonf? onfawmh@ Sufovd kvd k

@ G H hoa<mifa<mif_zpfaeonfhjum;uyif aoaocsmcsmjuD;ud kjunfhrdae

onf?

junfhvd k huvnf;aumif;oudk;?

a':xm;7ifonf cHwifab;em;wGifud k<fvH k ;wD;_zif h7yfIaeonf?

tcef;xJwGifav;ayrD;acsmif;ESpfckxGef;xm;onfhtwGuf vif;xdefaeonf?

rD;a7mifatmufwGif a':xm;7if>0wfvpfpvpftvSonf txif;om;

t@Sif;om;?

a<muf s m ;7b l ;aom fvnf ; uav;rar G ;b l ;ao;onf ht _yi f

5 1

vifaooGm;wmuvnf;tawmfjum_yDrd k h a':xm;7if>Ed k htH krsm;onf

aysmhtdwG J _cif;r@S d? rd k h0ef;aeqJ? vHk;uspfwif;7if;aeqJ?

umrpdwfrsm;qla0wufjuGaecs de f _zpfaomajumif h Ed k hoD;acgif;

!d k!d kE Sp fc kvH k ;onf aumhaxmifcÈefwufaejuonf? _rif7olb0ifju

p7m? t0wftpm;awG0wfxm;pOfu_rif7onfxufyif a':xm;7if>

udk<fvH k;ud k<faygufrSm pd ka_yzG H h _z d K ;vSajumif; _r<rif;awG;rdonf?

xd k h _yifq7mr_zpfolud k <ckvd kt0wfrygud k<fvH k;wD;_zif h wpdrf;a<musfm;

wpfa<mufa@S harSmufY 7yf_yaeonfud k _rif7_cif;uyif _r<rif;ud k

wpfenf;wpfzH kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;aponf?

rnfod k hrnfyH k _zpfvmonfrod? a':xm;7iftpm; olrud k<fwd ki f

ud katmifxl;a@S hwGif ud k<fvH k ;wD;7yf_yvd kp dwfrsm;yif rodromay:vm

onf?

_r<rif;onf acgif;ud kcg<rf;um xdkod k hay:aygufvmonfh

pdwfrsm;ud k twif;yifa_zazsmufypfvd kufonf? td k- -oGm;prf;yg?

bmajumif hrsm;onfvd kp dwful;rs d K ;awGay:vmygvdrf h? 'D ud katmifxl;

qd kwJ hvljuD;ud k rke f;ygw<faemf? junfhvd k hr7ygbl;?

_r<rif;>7ifom;av;rsm;xdyfr S Ed k hoD;acgif;r Smvnf; tvdkvd k

5 2

yif cÈefaumhaxmifwufvmonf? wif;rmvmonf? cÈefaumhaxmif

wufvmonf hE d k hoD ;u 0wfxm;aomwD@ Sy f>7ifbwftom;E Si f hxdr d7m

<m;ovdkvd k bmvdkvd kE Si f h xl;_cm;aomcHpm;rS Kwpfrs d K ; _zpfay:aponf?

v H k ; ju D ;ay gu fv S _zp faoma':xm;7i fr S m c g ;ao;wi fum; _y D ;

7i fx Gm ;onfomru qD;c ke fw Gi fvnf ; tqDr@ S d ? csy f7y faeonf?

wpfwpf7p f7p f@ S donf? Ad kufacgufvnf;rxl? qD;py fu apmufar $ ;

awGuawmh tawmfrsm;onf? qD;pyfwpfckvH k ;z H k ;tkyfxm;onfomru

apmufzkwfab;wpfcsufwpfbufwGifyif @S daeonf? aygifvH k ;rsm;uawmh

_zLazG;um t7if;wkwf_yD;tzsm;oG<fonf? a_covHk;vnf;wkwfonf?

ud katmufxl;onf rjumrDvd k ;7aqmf7awmhrnf h a':xm;7if>

wpfud k<fvH k ;ud k a_cqH k ;acgi f ;qH k ;yi f junf honf? awmif hwif ;ql _z d K ;

vSonfhud k<fvH k ;ud k<fxnfjuD;u wu<fhud ktm;7p7mjuD;yg?

ud katmifxl;onf ESKwfcrf;ud k@ Sm_zif htom7ufvd kuf_yD;- -

Þ tif;- -cifAsm;u wu<fud kawmif hwmyJud k ;? vd k;77ifawmh

odyfud kaumif;rnf habmf'DyJ ß

ud katmifxl;>wpfwpfcGcGa_ymqd kr SwfcsufcsrS Kajumif h <rif;wd k h

5 3

rde f ;uav;oH k ;a<muf @SufpEd k ; _zpfoGm;juonf? a':xm;7ifr Smvnf;

tawmfud k@ SufoGm;yH k7onf? rsufESmrSm@SufaoG;zse f;oGm;7m tom;_zL

onfht_yif ud k<fvH k;wD;ygcÈwfxm;onf_zpf7m wpfud k<fvH k;yef;Eka7mif

a_y;oGm;onfud k _rifEd li fonf?

Þ udkatmifxl;7<f- -tJ'Dvd knpfnpfywfywfra_ymygeJ h@ Si f ß

a':xm;7ifu awmif;yefpum;qd konf? toHuawmh tm;aysmh

vSonf?

Þ [m;[m;[m;- -cifAsm;ud kusKyfu y<fy<fe<fe<fvd k;awmh

r<f h[myJ? vd k ;wJ htajumif;a_ymwm npfywfovm;? cifAsm;vnf;

tvdk;cHcsifvd k h ud k<fwH k;vH k ;awmifcÈwfxm;_yDr[kwfvm;- - ß

a':xm;7ifu bmr#_yefra_ymawmhyg? acgif;av;ud kom iH k hae

on f ? qwfqw fx drc H p G mv S aomq7mra' :xm ;7i fwp f a<mu f |

u d katmi fx l ;u E Sp f _ym ;rwe fatmi fyufyufpufpufa _ymqd kaer S Ku d k

acgif;i H k humcHae7@Smonfht_zpfu xl;qef;vSonf?

Þ a[h acgif;i H k hraeprf;ygeJ h? armhvd kuf- - ß

5 4

iH k hxm;aoma':xm;7if>acgif; _yefarmhvmonf? a':xm;7if>

rsufvH k;rsm;ta7mufvufvufawmufaeonf? 7ifrStouf@SLrS Kuvnf;

o do domom _re fI _yi f ;vm7m r d k h 0e f ; aom7i fom ;q d k i f ju D ;E S p f c k r S m

edrf h _rif hvSKyf@Sm;Iaeonf?

Þ uJyg- -td kufwifawGbmawGcHraeyge J h ? a[m'DuusKy f7 J h

vD;juD;eJ hvd k ;wmudk cifAsm;cHcsifw<fr[kwfvm; ß

a':xm;7i fqwfueJwke foGm;onfud k _r<rif ;owd_yKr donf?

_y D ;awmha':xm;7ifu acgi f ;ud kndwf_yvd kufwmud kvnf; _rifju7_yef

onf?

Þ [kwf_yD- -'Dvd kr Sayg h? uJ tvdk;cHcsifw<fqd k7if tJ'DrSmyJ

7yfraeeJ hav? tvdk;cH7r<fhae7mud k vmrSayg h ß

a':xm;7ifonf cHwif@S d7mod k h a_cvSrf;oGufoGuf_zif hav#muf

vSr f ;c sO f ;uyfoGm;onf? bmajumif h' Davmufawmiftonf;toef _zp f

ae7wmvJwDcsm7<f- -[k_r<rif ;>pdwfxJr Sa7@ Gwfuma_ymvd kufr d

onf?

a':xm;7ifonf udkatmifxl;>ab;em;wGif tom;csif;xdatmif

5 5

yif uyfxd ki fonf? _yD;awmhvufud ktomqef hxkwfum oG<faysmif;

avaomvufacsmi f ;rsm; _zi f h ud katmifxl;>vD;acsmi f ;juD;ud k tom

qkyfud ki fvd kufonf?

ud katmifxl;onf tom;tawmfrnf;onf? vD;juD;uawmh

y d kIyi frnf ;eufonf? rnf;euf kwkwfc d ki fonf hvD ;we fxGm;xGm;juD ;ud k

_zLEkoG<faysmif;vSonfhvufacsmif;vSvSuav;rsm;u xduyfqkyfud ki f

vd kufonfrSm b<fvd kr SrzG<fr7mvSonfh_rifuGif;yg?

Þ [if;[if;[if;- -juD;vd kufwJ h[mjuD;@ Si f- -junfhygtH k ;

rwfawmifaewmuvnf; tm;7p7mjuD;ygvm;- - ß

a':xm;7ifu wD;wd k ;a7@Gwfa_ymjum;onf? olr>rsufvH k ;

rsm;u vD;wefwkwfwkwfxGm;xGm;juD;ud k aoaocsmcsmud kp l;p d kufjunfh

aeonf_zpf7m vD;juD;ud kpum;a_ymaeonfhtoGifrs d K ;yif _zpfaeayonf?

ud katmifxl;uawmh ol hnmbufwGifxd ki faeaom a':xm;7if>wifyg;

qH ktdtdjuD;ud k b<fvuf_zif htomyGwfum Zdrf<laeonf?

xd kod k hzifom;juD;rsm;ud ky Gwfae7mrS vuf!S d K ;ud kziftuGJajumif;

jum;rStomxdk;xnfhum apmufzkwfud kvSrf;uvdonf? tpwGifawmh

a':xm;7i f>wifyg ;juD ;u arG h7may:y H k hy H k h@ k H h@ k H hx d ki fc sxm;onf htwGuf

5 6

xdk;ar$ay;aomvuf!S d K ;onf apmufzkwfud kxdatmifra7muf? zif0ud k

om rxdwxd_zpfaeonf?

od k haomfrjumrDrSmyif a':xm;7ifuwifyg;juD;ud ktomjuGay;7m

vuf!S d K ;onfa@S hod k hwd k ;vmv#uf apmufacgi f ;xJ vufwqpfomom

avmuf0ifoGm;avonf?

Þ td k- -[if h ß

a':xm;7i f>E S Kw fz sm ;r S nnf;oHav;cy fo J ho J hay:vmonf?

zi fu d kvnf ;y d k ju Gay;onf? xd kr #omru vD ;ud kq ky fu d ki fxm;onf h

vufuvnf ; vS Ky f@ S m ;vmonf? ud katmi fx l ;u d k a':xm;7i fu

~Gif;wd kufovdk vkyfay;aeav_yD?

a':xm;7ifwpfa<mufzifwjuGjuGESif hvSKyf@Sm;vm7m bmajumif h

onfvd k _zpf7ajumif; _r<rif;wd k hrodyg? od k haomfa':xm;7if>touf

@ SLoHawGy d k _yi f ;um ud katmi fxl ;>nmvufuvnf; vS Ky fc gaeonf

ud kawG h7awmhrS zifatmufrSvufv#d Kum apmufzkwfud kxd k ;uvdae_cif;

_zpfajumif; cef hr Se f;odEd li fonf?

onfvd ktuvdcHae7aomajumif h cHwifapmif;wGi fususeeyif

5 7

zi fc sumrxd ki fE d li fawmhy J uke f ;uke f ;uGuGE Si f h~ Gi f ;wd kufay;aeavaom

a':xm;7if>taetxm;onf acsmi f ;a_rmif ;junf haejuolrde f ;uav;

rsm;twGuf yd kI7rufaZmt[kefwufjuGp7m_zpfaeonf?

ud katmifxl;onf rjumao;rDuyif wifvJ_zLESi f humr7ruf

juGaq;7nfrsm;a7mxnfhxm;onfh bdvyf7nfwpfzefcGufudk a':xm;7iftm;

wd kufauÈ;xm;_yD;_zpfonf?

<ckvd k tzkwfud kxd k ;uvdqGay;um ~Gif;wd kufay;7onfhta_c

taeud kjuHK7avaomtcg a':xm;7if>aoG;om;awG t7rf;ud kqla0

ae _y D ? a':xm;7i fr S ma<muf s m ;ao_y D ;r kq d k ; rb0a7mufuwnf ;u

zd k"gwfESi f hvH k ;0ud ktquf_ywfuif;uGmaecJ honf? olr>aoG;om;rsm;rSm

zd k"gwfud k vd kvm;awmif hwaejuonf? vlrS Kpnf;urf;rsm;_zif h cs d K ;E S dr f

atmif htnf;xm;cJ h7avaom7rufpdwfqENrsm;onf <ckvd k t_cm;vl

rsm;rawG hE d li fr_rEd li fonfhp dwfuG<f7mXme_zpfaom a[mfw<ftdyfcef;xJ

wGif usef;rmoefpGr f ;tm;oefaoma<mufsm;wpfa<mufESi f hawG hqH k7av

aomtcg aZmif;rSv$wfvd kufaom_rif;uJ hod k h t7rf;ud k _zpfvm7onf?

onfvd kta_cc Htaetxm;wGi f 7rufaZmxjuGappGr f ;@ S donf h

txl ;b dvy f7nfud kaomufoH k ;7 _y D ; ud katmi fx l ;>xdr dy d k i fE d l i faom

tES d K ;tqGESi f h juHK7avaomtcg AH k ;ud kpeufwefr D ;@ S d K hazgufc G Jvd kufonf h

5 8

ES<f umr<rf;td k ;juD;aygufuG JoGm;avawmhonf?

umrpy f<Sufc Hvd konf hp dwfr sm ; txl;yi f _yi f ; _yxufoefvm

onf? t_ywfud k^Smxefvmonf? 7rufcd k ;v# Hvmonf?

b<fvd kr SraeE d li fawm h ? a':xm;7i fonf ure f ;uwef ;yi f

arG h7may:yufvufvSefum tdyfcsvd kufonf? 'l;ESp fbufuaxmifv#uf

cyfum;um;?

Þ vmav- -udkatmifxl;7<f- -[if h[if h[if h ß

yg;pyfr Svnf; a_ymvd kufao;onf? 7rufc d k ;awG7 Da0aeonf h

rsufvH k;rsm;_zif hvnf; udkatmifxl;ud kcyf!k!kav;junfhonf?

wufvd k ;ygawmh[k wpfwpfc Gc Gyg ;py fr Sxkwfra_ym@k Hwr<fom

use fawmhonf? wu<fawmha':xm;7i fonf onfvd kyi fa_ymvd kuf

csifonf? 'gayr<fholronf pnf;urf;pepfusepGmapmif hpnf;xdef;odrf;

rS KwGif usif hom;7aeonfhausmif;q7mrwpfa<mufrd k h onfavmufawmh

ES Kwfr7Jyg? a_ymrxGufyg?

5 9

udkatmifxl;uawmh arG h7may:rSmyufvufav;eJ h 'l;axmifaygif

um;_zpfaeavwJh a':xm;7ifud kauseyftm;7pGmyJjunfhvd kufw<f?

rauseyfyJaeEd li fyg@k d ;vm;? vHk;juD;aygufvSeJ hwpfwpf7pf7pf@S dvS

wJ harmfv_rd Ki foljuD;a':xm;7ifud k w^SmaZmawGjuG_y D ; t7rf;z Dvif

wufaeatmif vkyfxm;Ed li f _y D;ud k ;?

tif ;? ud katmifxl;ud k<fwd ki fuvnf; tawmfud k7rufx_y D ;

vd k ;c si fae_y Dr d k h ^SmxefjuG@ GaewJ ha':xm;7if7 J h _zp faeyH kud k jumjum

juD;awmh t7omcH_yD;junfhraeEd li fbl;?

' gajumif hvnf;7rufaZmxef _y D ; tzsm;wufovd kw[if;[if ;

nnf;7if; wpfud k<fvH k ;qwfqwfwke f7ifaewJ ha':xm;7if7 J ha_caxmuf

ESpfacsmif;ud k tomqGJud ki f _y D; ab;bufud ktomqGJ<lvd kufw<f?

'guwrifoufouf ae7ma@$ hay;vd kufwmyg? [d kbuftcef;e J h

' Dbuftcef;jum;rSm@S dwJ h eH7HwHcg;ud k [ww_zpfaeatmif ud katmif

xl;uyJ wrifvkyfxm;cJ hwm? [dkbuftcef;rSm csmwdwfrESpfa<muf

@S daewmud k olodw<fav? 7xm;ay:wkef;u oleJ ha':xm;7iftzkwf

E S d Ku f | vD ;~ Gi f ;w d ku fv ky faewmud k a':xm;7i f7 J hwynf hrav;awG

acsmif;junfhc J hjuwmudk oluodxm;w<fr[kwfvm;?

6 0

a[mtck| olua':xm;7ifud k0uf0ufuG Jatmifvd k ;wmud kvnf;

aumifrav;awGjunfhE d li fatmif wrifzefwD;ay;xm;wm? apmapmu

a':xm;7ifyufvufvSefcsvd kufwJ hae7muacsmif;junfhaeayr<fh aumif

rav;awGtwGuf _rifuGi f ;ody fraumif;bl;av? vd k ;juaqmfjuwm

awGud k t_ynfht0r_rifEd li fbl;?

'gajumif hacsmif;junfhaewJhcsmwdwfawG aoaocsmcsmuGufuGuf

uGif;uGif;_rifEd li frnf hae7mbufud k a':xm;7ifud ktoma@$ hay;vd kufwm?

'gud ka':xm;7ifrodbl;av?

olwd k hE Sp fa<mufvd k ; juwmud kacsmi f ; junf h _y D ; csmwdwfrawG

7rufxefvmrS olutomusH K ;oGi f; _y D; tyd ki fodrf;z d k hvnf; ud katmif

xl;u pdwful;tuGufcsxm;_yD;om;? uJ- -ryd ki fvm;?

tvd k;c Hcsi fvGe f ;tm;juD;aewJ ha':xm;7if[m olhtaeeJ hwynf hr

av;awGtwGuf umr_yZmwfr Sm o@ky faqmifri f ;orD ;b0a7mufae

wmudk rod@Smbl;?

ol hud kvd k ;ay;r<fhud katmifxl;q$ Ja@$ hwJ hae7mud k tvdkufoif hvd kuf

oGm;wmyJ? udkatmifxl;uaygifud kqG J _z Jawmhvnf; tvdkufoif hum;ay;

6 1

vdkufwmyJ?

ud katmifxl;u a':xm;7ifud kqG Ja@$ hcsxm;wJ hae7mu wu<fh

ae7maumif;yJ? acsmif;junfhaejuwJh_r<rif;wd k he J hwnfhwnfh? _rifuGif;

tv<faumifrSm?

aygifwefjuD;ESpfacsmif;_z Jum;vd kufvd k h _yJtmxGufvmwJha':xm;

7if7J hapmufzkwfjuD;ud k _r<rif;wd k haumif;aumif;juD;ud k _ywf_ywfom;

om;xifxif@Sm;@Sm;awG hae7wm?

uJ- -udkatmifxl;ua':xm;7ifay: wufcGvd kufwmudkvnf;

t_ywfud k _rif7w<fav?

wufcGvd kufayr<fh ud katmifxl;urvdk;ao;ygbl;? apmufzkwf

ud kawmif vD;eJ hxdatmifawhraxmufao;bl;? olhvD;xdyfud kapmufzkwf

eJ hwvufromomavmuftuGmrSm tomxm;ay;xm;w<f?

' guvnf ; ac s mi f ; jun f h aew J h c s mw dw fraw Gtw Gu faum |

yufvufav;e J htvd k ;u d k i H hvi f h aeol arm fv_r d Ki fo lv H k ; ju D ;ay gu fv S

twGufaum 7rufaZmjuGp7mwpfrs d K ; _zpfatmif wrifzefwD;xm;wm

av?

6 2

ud katmi fxl ;u a':xm;7i f7 J hay gi fwe fwkwfwkwfjuD ;E Sp fc kud k

ol hvufESpfbufeJ h ab;udktomwGef;cG Jvd kuf_yefw<f? aygifjuD;ESpfacsmif;

yd kum;oGm;wmayg h? 'DawmhapmufzkwfjuD;uvnf; yd k _y D;_yJtmxGufvm

wmayg h?

ud katmifxl;u olvd k ;7awmhr<f hapmufz kwfjuD;ud k tomiH k h

junfhw<f?

armfv_rdKi fola':xm;7if[m vHk;juD;aygufvS_zL_zLawmif hawmif h

juD;_zpfwJ ht_yif apmufzkwfuvnf;tawmfud kjuD;w<fAsm? ^Smxef

aecs de fqd kawm htz kwfjuD ;u rke f hay gi f ; juD ;vd kaz gi f ; juGwufaewmy J?

c ke f ;armufaewmyJ? apmufzkwfES Kwfcrf;om;awGuvnf;xlwmqd kawmh

apmufz kwftv<faumifutuG Jajumif;u [wwav;yJy Gi f haew<f?

wcs d K hr de f ;rawG7J hapmufzkwfjuD;awGvd k buf_yJjuD;r[kwfbl;?

ud katmifxl; tawmfauseyfoGm;w<f? olvnf;a<mufsm;yJav?

apmufzkwfvSvSazgif;azgif;qd k judKufwmayg h? wcsd K hr de f;rawGu @kyfacsm

ayr<fh ud k<fvH k;rvSbl;? tJ @kyfcsmud k<fvH k;vSayr<fh apmufzkwf

buf_yJjuD;_zpfae7ifvnf; vdk;7wmodyfraumif;awmhbl;?

<c kolvd k ;7awm hr<f ha':xm;7i fu @ky f7nfoem;urm;@ S d _y D ;

6 3

udk<fvHk;ud k<fxnfxGm;judKif;awmif hwif;wJht_yif apmufzkwfjuD;uvnf;

azmif;azmif;tdtdvSvSjuD;qd kawmh ud katmifxl;t7rf;ud koabmusae

wmayg h?

apmufz kwfxJuapmuf7nfawGvnf;@ $r f ;p k daewmajumif h r[

w[tuG Jajumif ;[m pGwfp d ka_ymi fvufaew<f? apmufaphuawmh

cÈefaumh_yD; aigufawmufjuD;ud k xd k;axmifvd k h?

Þ awmuf- -'DaumifrjuD;| apmufaphaxmif_yD;t7rf;ud ktvdk;

c Hcsifaewmudk; ß

ud katmifxl;u pdwfxJrSa7@Gwfvd kufrdw<f?

apmu fz kw f ju D ;[m wp fvufromomce f htu Gmr S m@ S d aew J h

ud katmi fxl ;7 J hv D ; juD ;ud kqG Jaqmi fwJ htaee J h E S Kwfcr f ;om;awG@ Gp d@ Gp d

vSKyf@ Sm;aew<f? wqwfqwfvnf;wkef7ifvd k h? 'gwifb<f[kwfrSmvJ?

arm fv_r d Ki foljuD;7 J hzi fqH k _zL_zLazG ;az G ;juD;[mvnf; aumhumjuGum

vSKyf@ Sm;aeav7J h? ud katmifxl;ud kwufvd k ;z d k h tirf;r7eJ hz dwfac:aeju

oa<mifa<mif?

ud katmifxl;[m apmufzkwfxJud kol hvD;juD;xd k ;xnfhypfcsifp dwf

6 4

udk renf;ud kcsKyfwnf;xm;7w<f? olhtaeeJ ha':xm;7ifud k xdef;rEd li f

odrf;r7eJ h t@Suftajumufuif;_yD; w^Sm7ruftxefjuD;xefvmwJh

t_rif hqH k ;tqif ha7mufatmif Ed S k ;qGay;7tH k;r<fr[kwfygvm;?

ud katmifxl;u a':xm;7if>apmufzkwf0wGif ol>vD;juD;ud k

awhuyfvd kufonf?

Þ td k- - ß

a':xm;7if>ESKwfzsm;rS toHav;oJ hoJ hay:vmum wpfud k<f

vH k ;vnf; wkefwufoGm;onf?

acsmi f ; junf haejuol_r<rif ; | <k<karm fE Si f h rmvmwifwd k h

oH k ;a<mufvnf; juufoD;awGzsef;zse f;xukefju7w<f?

6 5

_r<rif;7J h7ifawG t7rf;cke fae_yD? wpfud k<fvH k;vnf; zdef;ueJ

@S de f ;ueJ_zpfIaeonf?

ab;em;qDrSvSKy f@ Sm;oHav;cyfoJ hoJ hjum;7onfhtwGuf tom

ac gi f ; i J humjunf h r don f ? o lrab;em ;r S m@ S d aeaom<k< karm fon f

0wfxm;aomwD@ Sy ftuôsatmufod k hvufxd k ;E S d Kufum ud k<f hE d k hoD ;ud k<f

_yefyGwfaeonfud k _rif7onf?

[kwfonf? <k<karmft7rf;ud kpdwfjuGae_yD? ab;vlawGud kvnf;

ta7;rp d ku fE d li fawmh? r dr d>Ed k ho D ;r sm;ud kvnf; vufrE Si f hy Gwfonf?

vuf!S d K ;E Si f hvufrwd k hud koH k ; _y D; zspf!SpfqdwfqG Jonf?

<k<karmfwpfa<muf wD@Syfatmufvufxd k;E S d Kufum bmawG

vkyfaeonfqd k _cif;ud k tuJcyfod@S doGm;onfhtcg _r<rif;rSmtawmfud k

rsufeSmtxm;7cufoGm;onf?

awmfawmfud kt@Sufenf;wJ h<k<k| bm_zpfvd k h' grs d K ;vkyf7wmvJ?

' Dr S mqufaevd k h r _zp fawm hb l ; ? ' Dae7mu_re f _re fvp fx Gufr S- -[k

_r<ri f ;p dw fx Jw Gi fa7@ Gw fa _ymqd kr donf? wu<fvnf ;x d k ae7mr S

t_refqH k ;xGufoGm;csifonf?

6 6

od k h aom f _ r<ri f ; c _ r m p dw fo G m ;w d k i f ;u d k< f ry g E d l i f awm h ?

acsmif;junfhawG h _rifae7aomwpfbufcef;rS ud katmifxl;ESi f ha':xm;7if

wd k hE Sp fa<muf>t_yKtrlr sm;u _r<rif ;ud k!S d K h" gwfjuD ;p GmqG J<lxm;

onf? _r<rif;r Smxd k _rifuGif;r S rsufpdtjunfhud krcGmEd li f? pdwfxJu

roif hav#m fajumif;em;vnfayr<f h v$rf;r d k ;xm;onfh7rufqENaphaqmf

rS Kajumif h ud katmifxl;ESi f ha':xm;7ifwd k hE Sp fa<muf>t_yKtrlvSKyf@ Sm;yH k

rsm;ud k qufIjunfhaerdonf?

ud katmifxl;onfol>vD;ud k a':xm;7if>apmufzkwfwGi fawh

uyfxm;_y D ;aemuf tomt<myGwfoyfum ES d k ;qGrnf[kp dwful;xm;

cJ honf? od k haomf apmuf7nfawGpd kp Gwfum 7rufaZmt@S de ft[kef_zif h

qwfqwfav;wke faeavonfhapmufz kwfE Si f h vD;xdy fxdawG hr dcs de fwGi f

c Hpm;vd kuf7onf h aEG ;axG;@ S de f ; _raomxdawG hr S Kt7omu aumif ;vS

aomajumif h jumjumapmif hrqd ki f;Ed li fawmhyJ vD;ud kz doGif;vd kufonf?

ud katmi fxl ;>vD;r Sm t_ywfud k juD ;rm;wkwfc d ki fvGe f ;vSonf h

p Hc s de fvGe fvD;acsmi f ;juD; _zp fonf? a':xm;7ifr Sm apmuftH k juD;r d k hum

azgi f ;aeaomfvnf; umrpyf<Suf7mapmufacgi f ;aygufuawmh usOf ;

onf?

od k h7mwGif w^SmaZm7rufawGtxefjuD;xefv#uf umr'Da7

6 7

wufaecs de fr d k h zdxd k ;xnfhvd kuf7m vD;'pf_yJvefjuD;onfav#mueJ_rKyf0if

oGm;onf?

'pf0ifoGm;onfqd konfESi f h vD;>xdawG hr S Kt7omudk a':xm;

7ifwpfa<muf juufoD;zse f ;zse f ; | tonf;wat;at;yifc Hpm;7onf?

vD ;E Si f hui f ;uGmaec J h7onfr Sm tcs de ftawmfjum_y D _zp faom olr>

apmufzkwfonfvnf; @kwfcsnf;yifvSKyf@ Sm;wH k h _yefavawmhonf?

Þ tm;yg;yg;- -ud katmifxl;7 J h- -tif h[if h[if h- -aumif;

vd kufwm- -aumif;vd kufwm? oGif;prf;yg@Si f h? vD;juD;wpfacsmif;vH k ;

apmufzkwfxJ_rKyf0ifoGm;atmif xd k;oGif;vd kufprf;yg ß

a':xm;7ifc_rm t@SufawGbmawGiJ hraeEd li fawmh? apmif hpnf;

xdef;odrf;7rnfh ~k^foduQmawGvnf; b<fae7ma7mufukef_yDrod?

tmomirf;irf;ESi f hyif npfnrf;yufpufpGm a_ymqd kvd kufrdonf?

toHrSmvnf; 7rufaZmawGt_ynfh?

a':xm;7i fw ke fwc d ku fc d ku fE Si f h 7ruf _yi f ;p Gma _ymvd ku faom

pum;ud k jum;7aomtcg _r<rif;r Sm pdwfawGt_ywfud kvS Ky f@ Sm;vm

onff? olr>apmufar$;yifraygufao;aomapmufzkwfav;xJrS t7nf

6 8

junfav;awGp d kp Gw fp dr f hx Gu fvmonfud k _r<ri f ;c Hpm ;o d@ S d7onf?

olr>apmufaphuav;onfvnf; t7rf ;ud kwif ;rmum aumhaxmif

cÈe fwufIaeyg_y D?

_r<rif;onf rdr d>tzkwfud ktomvuf_zif hud ki fum yGwfypf

vd konf? txl;o_zif h wif;rmv#uf<m;<Hovd kvd k _zpfvmaomapmuf

aphav;ud k yGwfacsypfcsifp dwfawG r@k d ;r@Gud k _zpfay:vmaeonf?

o d k h aom fo lronf onfae7mwGi fwp fa<mufwnf ;r[ kw f ?

<k<karmfE Si f hrmvmwifwd k hE Sp fa<mufvnf; olrab;em;wGi f@ S daeonf?

olwd k ha@ S har SmufwGi f ud k<f htzkwfud kud k<f _ye fumyGwfoyfay;vd k hawmh

b<fvd kr Sroif h? r_zpf?

wpfbufce f ;r Sa':xm;7ifwpfa<mufuawmh t7rf;ud k _zp fae

onf? vD;'pf_yJjuD;_rKyf0ifae7mtzkwf0onf _yJtmvefIaeonf?

ud katmifxl;onf vD;ud kqufroGi f ;ao;yJ cg;ud ka0 hum0d kuf

umvS Ky fumE S J hum _y Kay ;onf? TwGi fv D ;'p fatmufa _ct7p fu

apmufap hud ky Gwfwd kufaeav7m a':xm;7i fc_rm xGe f hxGe f hvl ;vd k hud k

oGm;onf?

6 9

Þ tm; tD;[if h- -udkatmifxl;7<f oGif;vd kufprf;yg? tzkwf

x Ju d k vD ; ju D ;xy f _y D ;z dx d k ;o Gi f ;ay ;y g ? uÈe fr raeE d l i f awm hb l ; ?

vD;juD;tqH k ;0ifvm_yD; wtm;vd k ;wmcHcsi fvSyg_y D? uÈefrud kvd k ;yg@ Si f h

vd k ;prf;yg@Si f h ß

a':xm;7ifr Sm wpfwpfc Gc GjuD;ud ka_ymaeav_yD? yg;pyfuom

a_ymqd konfr[kwf? zifqH kjuD;uvnf; w<rf;<rf; | aygi fwefjuD;

ESpfacsmif;rSmvnf; pkvd kufum;vd kufESif h? a':xm;7ifonf onfr#avmuf

w^Sm7ruf_yif ; _yxufoefaeyH kajumif h rdr dud k<fr dr dyi ftH hjoaeonf?

bma jumi f h r s m ;on favmu fawmi f âa _êr #yi f rqn fE d l i f awm h y J

tir f ;r7_zp fae7avoenf;? bm_zp fvd k hr sm ; onfvd kumrp dwfawG

tvGeftrif;_yif;xefae7avoenf;?

wu<fawmh a':xm;7iftzd k h umrpyf<SufrS Konf rjuH kz l ;

rawG hbl;aomt7mr[kwfay? vif7zl ;olr d k h tvd k ;c Hz l ;onf? olr>

vifa<mus fm ;E Si f humrpy f<Suf7pO fuyi fv#i f onfr #avmuft@ Suf

uke f | tajumufuke fv#uf tirf;r7_zpfc J hz l ; _ci f ;r@ S dy g? cyfat;at;

ESif hom tvdk;c Hc J hygonf?

u d k atmi fx l ;on f umrr S Kw G i f tx l ; yi fu È r f ;u s i fum

rdef;rwpfa<muf>7rufxefaeatmif pepfwus_yKEd lifpGrf;@S dolwpfa<muf

7 0

[k a':xm;7i f0e fc Hr donf? xd k h _yi fr dr d>taoG ;tom;r sm ;uvnf;

ud katmifxl;>xda7mufvSaomtudki ftwG<fESif h tawGhaumif;vSonfh

v D ; ju D ;u d k t7r f ;u d kp G J rufae _y D _zp fajumi f ;u d kvnf ; xdwfve f hp G m

em;vnfod@S dvd kuf7onf?

rdrdr Sm udkatmifxl;>vufckyfxJua7b0odk h usa7mufae7_yD?

jurf ;wrf ; _y D ; npfnpfnrf ;nrf ;E Si f htEd li ftxuf_yKr lvky fud ki fwwfol

ud katmifxl;ud k pdwfxJrS@ G HajumufjuD;_zpfaomfvnf; ud katmifxl;>

tud ki ftwG<f | tyGwftoyfE Si f h ud katmi fxl ;>vD;we fwkwfwkwf

xGm;xGm;juD;uay;aom umrt7omudkawmh tpG JjuD;pG Jae7av_yD?

_r<rif;uawmh a':xm;7ifwpfa<muf 7ruf_yif;_yif; tmom

irf;irf ; _zp faeyH kud k tonf;wzd kz d k7i fwat;at;ESi f h junf h@ S Kaeonf?

rdrdtvGefav;pm;cspfcifcJ h7avonfhq7mrwpfa<muf t@Suftajumuf

ui f ;p G m np fnp fnr f ;nr f ;a _ymq d k _ y Kr l aeonf ht _zp fu d k junf h7i f ;

ajumufvef hwkefvSKyfr S Kvnf;_zpfonf? pdwfvnf;vSKyf@ Sm;7onf?

_r<ri f ;o dc J h 7aomq7mra':xm;7i fr S m onfvd k7rufxe f

w^SmjuD;onfhr de f ;rrs d K ;r[kwfyg? tvGefud kâa_êjuD;_yD; oduQm@S donfh

rde f;r_rwfwpfa<muf_zpfonf? <ck_rifae7onfrSm [kwfrS[kwfygavp?

7 1

'gayr<f h rsuf _ri fud k<fawG h _zp faeaomajumi f h bmr#awmh

oHo<_zpfp7m r@S dawmhyg? _r<rif;awG h7or#| jum;7or#qd kv#i f

a':xm;7i fwpfa<muf t@Sufuke fvke D ;atmi f w^SmaZm>zrf ;pm;

v$rf;_c H Kr S Kc Hae7onfrSm xif@Sm;vSonf?

xd ktcs de fr Smyif ud katmifxl;u olhvD;wefjuD;ud kz dumxd k;oGif;

vd kufonf? ud katmifxl;u tay:rSzdoGif;um a':xm;7ifuatmufrS

aumhtay; tHud kuf|tcs de fud kuf_zpfoGm;7m vD;wefjuD;wpfacsmif;vH k ;yif

apmufacgif;xJ_rKyf0ifoGm;avawmhonf?

a' :xm ;7i f c _ r m aum h yi f hwi f ay ;xm ;aomzi fq H k ju D ;u d k

atmuf_yefcs7efyif owdr7Ed li fawmh? onftwkdi f;yifqufI aumhyif h

juGay;xm;onf? vD;wefjuD;apmufacgif;aygufxJod k hwd k ;0ifvmrSKajumif h

_zpfay:vmonfh@S de f ;z de f;aomumrt7omudk _rde f _r de fjuD;cHpm;aeonf?

q7mra':xm;7i f> t7r f ;vS Ky f@ Sm ;qly Gu faeavaom Ør×

obm0aoG;om;rsm;r Sm twrf;wjuD;wrf ;waeonf h Øz d k × "gwfud k

tirf;r7 pm;oH k ;7<lae7m a':xm;7ifwpfud k<fvH k ; juufoD;wzsef;

zse f;xv#uf qwfqwfwkefaeonf?

ud katmifxl;u apmufacgi f;xJ_rKyf0ifoGm;aomvD;ud k w0uf

7 2

cef hqG Jxkwfum qwfueJaqmif hcsonf? ØbGyf× ueJaqmif hoGif;oHESi f h

twl a':xm;7i f> Øtif h × ueJtouf@ SLr Sm;oGm;oHu 'Ge fwG Jum

ay:vmonf? aqmif hoGi f ;vd kufr S Kajumif h a':xm;7ift7omawG hoGm;

ovdk aqmif hcsuft[kefESi f htwl aumhyif hwifay;xm;onfzifqH k _zL_zL

juD;onfvnf; arG h7may:tdueJ_yefusonf?

aqmi f h 0i fvmonf hv D ;x dy f 'p f _y Jve f ju D ;u om;t dr f0w Gi f

' kwfueJvmaxmufonfrd k h a':xm;7ifrsufESmav;rJ hoGm;onf?

'kwd<yd ki f ;ar#m fyg?

7 3

Þ q,fausmfoufuav;rsm;(2) ß

ud katmifxl;qwfueJaqmif hcsvd kufvd k h ØbGyf × ueJvD;0ifoGm;

oHeJ htwl| Øtif h × qd kwJ h a':xm;7if7J htouf@SLrSm;oGm;oHud kjum;7awmh

_r<rif;7ifxJvnf; 'de f;ueJud k cke foGm;ygw<f?

ab;em ;uvnf ; v S K y f @ S m ;o H aw Gv d kv d k jum ;7wma jumi f h

_r<rif;tomacgif;i J hjunfhvd kufawmh _rif7wJ h _rifuGif;u 7ifwkefcsi f

p7mjuD;yg?

rmvmwi fav? 0wfxm;w J h @ S y ftu ô s7i fbwfus< fo D ;aw G

tuke f _y Kw fv d k h ? b7mp D<mud kvnf ; 7i fb H kv Se fwi fxm;vd ku fao;

w<f? ' Dawm h ol hE d k ht H k ju D ;E Sp fc ku t_yL;om;juD ;ay:aewmayg h ?

'gwifb<f[kwfrSmvJ? xrDuvnf;a_yav#musae_yD? twGif;cHabmif;

bDawmifr@S dawmhwmqdkawmh zifta_ymifom;eJ hayg h?

rmvmwif7 J hvufawGu ud k< f hE d k ht H k awGud k _ye f _y D ;tm;7y g ;7

qkyfe<faeav7J h? Ed k hoD;acgif;av;awGud kvnf; zspf!SpfqdwfqG Jw<f?

_r<ri f ;y g ;py fta[mi f ;om;e J h ac gi f ;i J h junf haewmud kvnf ;

rmvmwifodyH kr7ygbl;? b<fvd kvkyfodEd li fr SmvJ? rmvmwif7J hrsufvH k;u

7 4

eH7HtuGJjum;rSmxduyfvd k h? a[m _r<rif;junfhaewkef;r SmyJ nmbuf

Ed k htH kud k ud ki fwG<fyGwfoyfaewJ hrmvmwif7J hvuf[m atmufbufud k

a@G hvsm;a7mufvmw<f?

tvdkav;? rmvmwifu olhaygifc Gjum;utzkwfud k vufeJ h

_ye fE S d Ku f _y D ;uvdaeyga7mvm;? tacgi f ;aygufxJvuf!S d K ;e J hx d k ;ar $wJ h

t_yif apmufaphud kzspf!SpfyGwfqG Jwmud kyg _r<rif;_rif7w<f? _yD;awmh

tzkwfxJrSmt7nfawGpd kaewmajumif h yspfyspfysyfysyftoHav;awGawmif

jum;vdkuf7ao;?

' Dt_zpfud k _ri f7wmajumif h _r<rif;[mt7rf;ud kxdwfvef hwke f

v S Ky fo Gm ;7w<f? ' Dv d kr s d K ;v ky fz d k h roi f hawm fajumi f ; rmvmwifud k

a_ymqd k[ef hwm;csi fyg7J h?

'gayr<fh_r<rif;[m rSifoufrdovdk_zpfaew<f? tmap;xnfh

xm;ovd kc Hpm;7w<f? yg;pyfubmpum;rSa_ymrxGufbl k ;? tJ yd kqd k ;

wmu rmvmwifwpfa<muf udk<f hE d k hud k<f hvufeJ he<f| ud k<f htzkwf

ud k<f _ye fuvd_y D ; wwGe f hwGe f hwvde fvde fe J haumhys HvS Ky f@ Sm ;aewmud ky J

aoaocsmc sm ju D ;u d k junf haer dw<fav? rmvmwi f7 Jtz kw fu d k

uvdaewJhvufacsmif;rSm apmuf7nfjunfawGpd k _yD; ta7mifvufawmuf

vmwmudkawmif _r<rif;_rif7w<f?

7 5

_y D;awmh rmvmwif htzkwfrSm apmufar$;av;awGaygufaewm

udkvnf;_rif7w<f? rmvmwif7J hapmufar$;awGu a':xm;7ifavmuf

rxlbl;? 'gayr<fhtawmfav;rsm;w<f? tzkwfw0d kufrSmawmh rnf;ae

wmyJ?

_r<rif ;7 J hapmufz kwfr Smawmh apmufar $ ;raygufao;bl;av?

_r<rif;[m apmufar$;awGbmawGawmifaygufae_yD_zpfwJ hrmvmwifud k

tm;uscsifovdkvd k | remvd kcsifovdkvd kawmif_zpfrdw<f?

<k<karmf[mvnf; bmxl;vd k hvJ? xrDud katmufpvGwfatmif

vkyf _y D ; ol htzkwfud kol_yefuvdaew<f? wpfbufcef;ut_zpftysuf

awGud k tm;7yg;7junfh7if; t_ywfud ktzkwfES d Kufaewm?

a _ymra _ymc si f awm hy gb l ; ? _r<ri f ;7 J hte D ;yw f0e f ;u si f[m

7rufvS d Ki f;awGxefvd k haew<fav? _r<rif;vnf; twk_riftwwfoif

qd kovd k <k<karmfe J hrmvmwifwd k hvd k ud k<f htzkwfud k _yefE S d Kufuvdcsif

vm_yD? 'gayr<fh7Jvnf;r7Jao;bl;?

Þ usKyfaqmif hoGif;7if zifjuD;ud kaumhyifay; [kwfvm; ß

ud katmi fxl ;7 J hawmi f ;qd kv d ku foHu _r<ri f ;em;xJud kp l ;ue J

7 6

0ifvmw<f? 'Dpum;u _r<rif;7J h7rufpdwfud k yd k _yif;_yxufoefvm

apw<f?

rmvmwifeJ h<k<karmfwd k hbufud ktjunfha7mufae7mu csufcsif;

yJ wpfbufcef;xJu_rifuGif;ud k _yefacsmif;junfhw<f?

ud katmifxl;utay:uae ukef;vd kufuGvd kufeJ h a':xm;7ifud k

tm ;7y g ;7vd k ;aqmi f h aeav_y D ? a':xm;7i fuvnf ;atmufuae_y D ;

zifjuD;ud kaumhvd kuf| yif hvd kuf| a0h0d kuf<rf;vd kufvkyfay;aew<f?

wbGyfbGyf| wzGwfzGwftoHawGuawmh qlnHaewmyJ?

tay:uaqmi f hv d k ;aewJ hv le J h atmufuaqmi f htvd k ;c Haeol

t_ywfud ktay;t<lr#aewmayg h? ESpfa<mufvH k;t7om@S dw<f?

u d katmi fx l ;aqmi f hv d k ;aey H kuawm h tawm fu d k jur f ;w<f?

7rf;w<f? wpfbufrde f;rud k !SmwmrSKr@S dwJ haqmif hcsuf_yif;_yif;awGeJ h

wtm;ud kvd k ;aeaqmfaewm?

aqmif hcsufawGajumif h a':xm;7if7J hwpfud k<fvH k;wkefcgaewmyJ?

7 7

_r<rif ;7 J hem;xJr Sm pGwfp Gwfp dp dtoHawGjum;ae7wmajumif h

ab;ud ktomacgif;i J hjunfhvd kuf_yefw<f?

tJawmh? <k<karmfe J hrmvmwifwd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k ; t0wfawG

cÈwfypfvd kufju_yD; ud k<fvH k;wD;_zpfaejuyga7mvm;?

ESpfa<mufvH k;aqmif hajumif hxk di f _y D; tzkwfud kvufacsmif;awGeJ h

xd k ;uvdaejuw<f? <k<karmfu _r<rif;bufud kwpfcsufvSnf hjunfh

_yD; rsufpdrS dwf_yvd kufw<f? <k<karmf7J hnmvuf!S d K ;uawmh olhtzkwf

xJrSmav? t_ywfud kvd k ;aewm? uvdaewm? ar$aewm?

rsufpdrS dwf_yvdkufwmu _r<rif;vnf;olwd k henf;wl udk<f htzkwf

ud k<f_yefxd k ;uvdzd k htazmf!S dwmrSe f ; _r<rif;odygw<faemf? _r<rif;

tJ'Dvd kvkyfwmudkvnf; olwd k hu junfhcsifaejuw<fav?

wpfbufce f ;xJr Smud katmi fxl ;uawmh a':xm;7i fud kaumi f ;

aumif;juD;aqmif hvd k ;ae_y D? a':xm;7ifuvnf;atmufuae zifjuD;

a0 hum0 d ku fum| aum humyi f hume J h ud katmi fx l ;aqmi f hv d k ;or#ud k

_r de f _r de f<Suf<SufjuD;cHaeav7J h?

wp fbufce f ;uae aumi frav;awGac smi f ; junf haejur<f

7 8

qdkwmud k ud katmifxl;uusde f ;aoodaew<f? 'gajumif hacsmif;junf h

aejur<fhaumifrav;awG yd k _rifuGif;aumif;_yD; 7ifwzd kz d karmw[dkuf

[d kuf_zpfukefju7avatmif wrifud kzefwD;_yD; 7uf7ufpufpufvd k;ae

w<f? a':xm;7ifuawmh ol hwynf hrav;awGacsmi f ;junf haewmud k

rod@Smbl;? td kav? 'Dvd kacsmif;a_rmif;junfhr<fvd k hvnf; awG;awmif

rawG;rdbl;?

c7 D ;ye f ;vmwmajumi f h aumi frav;awGw ke f ;ue Jaeatmi f

tdyfarmusaejuvdrf hr<fvd k hy J wGufw<f? oleJ hud katmifxl;'Dtcef;xJ

r Sm ESp fa<mufwnf;p dwfwd ki f ;us vGwfvGwfvyfvyfaeE d li f juw<f

qd kwJ htawG;e J h t7rf ;ud k _zp faewm? 7uf7ufa7ma7mtvd k ;c Haewm?

bmrSud kâa_êawGbmawG qnfraeEd li fawmhbl;?

Þ b<fhES<fvJ usKyfvD;juD;uaqmif hvd k ;wm tzkwfxJtukef

0if7J hvm; ß

ud katmifxl;uar;w<f? 'Dvd kar;vd kufwJ htcs de fr Sm aqmif hcsuf

tm;ud k enf;enf;av;av#mhcsay;vd kufw<f?

td k- -bma_ymaumif;rvJ? aqmif hvd k ;wmt_ywfcHvd k haumif;

aewJha':xm;7if raeEd li frxd ki fE d li fatmifud k _zpfoGm;wmayg h?

7 9

Þ [if h- -[if h- -0ifygw<fud katmifxl;7 J h ? 0ifygw<f?

aqmif hprf;yg@Si f h- -apmapmwkef;uvdk wtm;aqmif hprf;yg [if;[if; ß

Þ aqmif hvd k ;wm cHvd k haumif;vm; ß

Þ tm;[if h- -aumif;w<f- -aumif;w<f? aumif;vd k haqmif h

c d ki f ;wmayg h@ Si f h- -bGyf bGyf- -trav;- -tJvd krs d K ;a_ymwm- -

bGyf tm;tD; bGyfbGyf ß

ud katmifxl;[m wtm;aqmif hvd k ;ae7if ; a':xm;7i f7 J hE d k ht H k

juD;awGud kvnf; vufESpfbufeJ htm;7yg;7 !SpfqG Jw<f? b<favmuf

rsm;vJqd k7if _zLEkwJ hE d k htH kom;awGay:rSm vuf7mt!dktrnf;xifoGm;

wJ htxdyJ? 'gawGud k _rifae7wJh_r<rif;uvnf; b<fvd kr SraeEd li fawmh

ygbl;? pdwfxJu t7rf;ud kvS Ky f@ Sm;vmw<f? apmufzkwfxJuvnf;

t7nfjunfawG t7rf;ud k<d kp dr f husvmw<f? tzkwfuvnf; odyfud k

<m;ae_yD? b<fvd kr SraeEd li fawmhbl;?

vufe J h _zp f _zp fy Gwfay;r S _zp fawmhr Sm? <k<karmfe J hrmvmwifwd k h

_rifoGm;rSmud kvnf; _r<rif;upd k ;7 dr fr dao;wm?

[d kESp fa<mufawmh olwd k hz DvifeJ holwd k h t_ywfud k _zpfaejuay

8 0

r<fh 'grs d K ;wpfcgrSvl_rifol_rifrvkyfzl;wJ h _r<rif;tzd k huawmh ud k<f hvdyf

_ymud k<f@Suf_yD; rvH krvJ_zpfaewmyg?

od k haomftzkwfuvnf;tvGefud k<m;vmaeonfhtwGuf aemuf

qH k;wGifawmh b<fvd kr Sp dwfrxdef;Ed li fawmh? <k<karmfESi f hrmvmwifwd k h

rod7avatmif tomyifxrDud katmufprvGwfwvGwf _zp faeatmif

aqmif hajumif hruswusav;xd ki fvd kufonf? _yD ;awmh nmbufvuf

ud k xrDatmufod k h rodromav;xd k ;oGi f ;vd kufonf? xd k ;oGi f ;vd kuf

aomvufonf wif;7if;aomaygif7if;yd ki f ;ud k xdud ki fr donf? onfvd k

r dr daygi fom;tdtdud k vuf_zif hxdr dvd kufcs de fwGi f _r<rif;r SmjuufoD;

_ ze f ;ue Jxonf ? tz kw ftw Gi f ;bu fw Gi fvn f ; y d kIp d kvmonf ?

tzkwfE S Kwfcr f ;om;rsm;r Smvnf; azgi f ;r d k hwufvmju7m _r<rif ;>

pdwfxJwGif wpfrs d K ;juD;cHpm;7avonf?

onfv d k _y Kr lr d _y D ; TuJ ho d k h aomtawG htm@ k H r s d K ; c Hpm ;7r S Ku

_r<rif;>pdwfxJwGi f tm@k HE Sp fc k | cHpm;csufE Sp frs d K ; _zpfay:aponf?

wp fr s d K ;u z de f ;@ S d e f ;aE G ;axG ;aomumrt7omud k om<m<pfr l ;r S K |

aemufwpfrs d K ;uawmh onfvd kt@Sufuif;r J hp Gm_yKr lvkyfaqmifae_cif;ud k

pufqkyf@G H@ SmrSK?

r dr d>pdwfrxdef;E d li fy J _yKvkyfr daomt_yKtrlrsm;onf rSm;rsm;

8 1

rSm;oGm;av_yDvm;[kvnf; pd k ;@ G H hp GmawG;rdavao;onf?

rdrd>pdwfrxdef;Ed li fy J_yKrlrdaomt_yKtrlrsm;onf rSm;rsm;rSm;oGm;

av_yDvm;[kvnf; pd k ;@ G H hp GmawG;rdavao;onf?

rnfod k hyifqd kap| xdktawG;rs d K ;@ S daeonfhjum;uyif _r<rif;>

vufr s m ;on f tv d ktav #mu fay g i fwe fwp f av # mu fy Gw foy fum

aygi f7i f ;~ GqH kae7mod k ha@ G hvsm;oGm;aeonf? vufacsmi f ;xdy fr sm;onf

tar$;wpfyifr Sraygufao;aomfvnf; obm07rufp dwf_zi f h azgi f ;td

pd k@ $ Jaeavonfhtzkwfud k xdrdoGm;avawmhonf?

xd kod k hxdvd kufrdcs de fwGif @S de f ; _raomtawGhtm@k Honf _r<rif;>

wpfud k<fvH k;ud k v$rf;_cH Kvmonf? _r<rif;b<fvd krSrcsKyfwnf;Ed li fawmh?

aumhaxmifwufaeaomapmufaphav;ud k vuf!S d K ; _zi f hxd k ;um uvd

vdkufrdonf?

Þ trav;av;- -aumif;vd kufwmudkatmifxl;7J h- -aqmif hyg

- -aqmif hprf;yg? tm;yg;yg; tm;- - ß

apmufaphud kvuf!S d K ; _zif hvSrf;uvdI 7ifxJzde f ;ueJ_zpfoGm;cs de f

r Smyif a':xm;7if>tmomirf;irf; | 7ruf_yif;_yif;_zif ha_ymqd kvd kufoH

8 2

ay:vmonf?

Þ aygi fud kaumif;aumif;qG Jaxmif_y D ; zifjuD;ud kaumhwifay;

xm;prf; ß

ud katmifxl;uvnf; aqmif htm;aumif;I vD;0ifeufaprnf h

taetxm;rs d K ; _zif h a':xm;7ifud kaecd ki f ;onf? wu<fawmh udkatmif

xl ;aec d ki f ;onf htaetxm;r Sm tvd k ;c H7olr de f ;rtzd k h t@Sufuke fum

vd k ;aoma<muf sm ;aqmi f hor# 7uf7ufa7ma7mc H7onf htaetxm;

_zpfonf? tvGefyifvD;t0ifeufvSaomajumif h aju;pm;r<frsm;yifv#if

on ftaetxm;r s d K ; aeay ;7y gu ty d k abmu fq l ; _ r d K ; _ r d K ; _ ru f _ru f

awmif;avh@S donf?

a':xm;7ifrSmrl 7ruft[kef>v$rf;r d k ;xm;rS Kajumif h bmud kr#

rpOf;pm;Ed li f? ud katmifxl;aqmif hvd k ;or# t7omjuD;_zpfaeaomajumif h

ud katmifxl;vd kcsi fonf htaetxm;twd ki f ; rqd ki f ;rwGyif _yKvkyfay;

vdkufonf?

_r<rif;onf q7mra':xm;7if>a_ymif ;vJoGm;aomud k<fae

ud k<fxm;ud k wodrf hodr f hc ke faom7if _zi f h tao;pdwfyifaoaocsmcsm

junfh@ S Kaerdonf? a':xm;7ifonf aygifwefjuD;ESp fc kud kwwfEd li for#

8 3

aumhaxmifauG;!$wfay;xm;onf? onftwdki f;axmifay;xm;_cif;yif

r[kwf? wa~gufauG;r SaeI vuf_zi f hvSr f ;qG J<lay;xm;onf_zp f7m

'l;acgif;rsm;onf olr>ykcke f;ud k xdvkxdcifyif_zpfaeonf?

r dr dv d k c si fonf htaetxm;twd ki f ; a' :xm;7i f@ S do G m ;onfE Si f h

u d katmi fxl ;uvnf; 0uf0ufuG Jatmi fud k wtm;aqmi f hv d k ;y gav

awmhonf?

Þ awmu f- -ci fA s m ;tz kw fu ody f c sv d k h aumi f ;wmy J ?

uÈe fawmf hvD ;juD;ud kvnf; qG J _y D ;[yf<laeao;w<f? [kwf_y D- -

aygi f juD ;ud k' Dvd kqG Jaxmi fay;xm;r Sayg h ? 'gr SvD ;ut_ywf0i fr Sm- -

a[m'DrSmjunfh- - ß

Þ bGyfyvGyf- -bGyfbGyf- -bkbGyf ß

Þ tm;yg;yg;- -aumif;vScsnfvm;ud katmifxl;7J h- -@Sifaqmif h

wmodyfaumif;wmyJ? vd k ;prf ;yg@ Si f- -wtm;aqmif hvd k ;prf ;yg? tm;

yg;yg;- -[kwf_yD wtm;aqmif h- -wtm;? @Sif hvD;juD;ud kuÈefrtzkwf

xJ wtm;aqmif hvd kufprf;yg? tm;yg;yg;@S D ;- -tD; ß

a':xm;7i fuvnf; ud katmi fxl ;E Si f ht_y d Ki fyi f wpfwpfc Gc G

8 4

npfnpfnrf;nrf;a_ymqd kv#uf 7uf7ufa7ma7mjuD;tvdk;cHaeonf?

a':xm;7if>_yKrla_ymqd kaeyH kud kjunfh_yD; _r<rif;>pdwfxJwGif

t@ Su fen f ;7e faum[k xi fr donf ? w<f^Sm ju D ;w J h r d e f ; ry gvm;

[lIvnf; uJh7J hr donf?

od k haom f wpfbufr Svnf; a':xm;7i fud k tm;usovd kr s d K ;

_zpfrdao;onf? rdrdom a':xm;7if>ae7mwGif@S dae_yD; apmufzkwfxJ

dod k h juD;rm;wkwfcd ki fvSaomvD;acsmif;juD;xd k ;oGif;v#uf wtm;aqmif h

vd k ;wmcH7v#if b<fvd krsm;aeavrnfenf;[k awG;rdaomtcg _r<rif;

wpfud k<fvH k; juufoD;awGxvmonf? wkefwcd kufcd kuf_zpfvmonf?

tu<fI ud katmifxl;vd k ;aeolrSm a':xm;7ifr[kwfyJ rdr d

u d k< fw d k i f _zp faev#i f r dr donfvnf ; Tenf ;E Si fE Si f _y Kr lr dr S my J[ k

awG;onf?

wpfbufcef;wGif vdk;aecHaeolawGuawmh t7rf;ud k _zpfaeonf?

aqmif hvd k;aeolESif h atmufrStvdk;cHaeol tay;t<lr#ae7m ESpfa<muf

vH k ;t7omaumif;aumif;awG haeonf? a':xm;7if> tdtdazgi f ;azgi f ;

r ke f haygi f ;y H kapmufz kwfjuD;r Sm vS Ky f@ Sm ;touf0i fum t@S de f _yi f ; _yi f ;

aqmif hvd k ;aeonfhvD;acsmif;juD;ud k 7pfywfzspf!SpfpkyfqG Jaeonf?

8 5

a':xm;7if>aoG;rsm; qlyGufvm_yD? rdrd Ø_yD;× vkeD;_yDqd k _cif;ud k

a':xm;7ifodonf? odyfrjumawmhyg? aemufxyfq<fcsufausmfausmf

avmuf taqmif hc Hvd kuf7v#i f aumif ;aumif ;juD;ud k Ø _y D ; × oGm;

awmhrnf?

u d katmi fx l ;uvnf ; t7r f ;u d k ju Jaeonf? a':xm;7i f>

Ed k ht H k juD;E Sp fvH k ;ud k _ywfxGufvkrwwfyif wtm;zsp f!Sp fqG Jud ki fum

tm;u ke faqmi f honf ? aqmi f h c su fr sm ;onf qufwd ku fv d k _zp fum

tvGef_refvmonf? tvGefud ktm;_yif;vmonf?

umrpyf<SufrS KtawGhtjuHK@S dolyDyD ud katmifxl;vnf; okwf

7nfawGv$wfxkwfvkeD;_yD_zpfajumif; a':xm;7if7dyfr donf?

r dr dr Ø_y D ; × 7ao;rD ud katmifxl;okwf7nfawGye f ;xGufum

taqmif h7y f | tvd k ;em;oGm;r Smud k a':xm;7i ftvGe fp d k ;7 dr fvmonf?

Tod k hom_zpfygu a':xm;7iftzd k h wu<fhud kqef hwiH hi H h juD;@ S daernf

r[kwfygvm;?

ud katmifxl;okwfxdef;xm;Ed li f7ef b<fvd kvkyfay;7rnfud kvnf;

a':xm;7ifrod? <ckavmavmq<frSmawmh a':xm;7ifrSm wtif htif h

w[if h[i f h _zi f h ud katmi fxl ;>_yi f ;xe fvSaomaqmif hvd k ;c sufr sm;ud k

8 6

zifjuD;wjuGjuG_zif h cH<lae7avonf?

_r<rif;r Smvnf; bmud kr S@ SufajumufraeEd li fawmh? bmud kr S

vnf ;awG ;awmp d k ;@ G H h aer S Kr@ S d awm h ? olr>apmufz kw fu d ky Gw fv d ku f |

apmufaphud kuvdvd kufvkyf7if; ud katmifxl;ESi f ha':xm;7ifwd k h 7uf7uf

a7ma7mvdk;aejuyH kud k junfh@S Kaeonf? _r<rif;>aoG;om;awGuvnf;

t7rf;ud kqla0aeonf? _r<rif;ud k<fwd ki fr Smvnf; Ø_yD;×vkØ_yD;×cif _zpf

aeacs_y D?

a':xm;7ifvnf; Ø_yD;×vkØ_y D; ×cif_zpfvm_yD? aemufxyfoH k ;csuf

avmuftaqmif hc H7v#if Ø_yD; × oGm;awmhrnf? xd kajumif ha':xm;7if

onf aygi fud ktpGr f ;uke faxmifum _zJum;ay;xm;onf? zifqH k juD;

ud kvnf; wtm;ud kaumhyif hay;xm;onf?

ay gi fu d k rw7m ;um;axmi fxm ;I ay gi f7i f ;yi f emvmonf ?

zifjuD;aumhyif hay;xm;7onfhtwGuf cg;qpfvnf;emvmonf?

' gayr<f h7@ S d c H pm ;7awm hrn f h umrt7omtxGy ftxy fu d k

wyfrufvGe f ;vSaomajumi f h aygi f7i f ;emwmawG | cg ;qpfatmi f hwm

awGud k ~@krpd kufEd li f?

8 7

xdktcs de fr Smyifud katmifxl;uvnf; a':xm;7if>apmufzkwfxJ

r SvD ;acsmi f ; juD ;ud k qwfueJqG Jxkwfvd kufonf? ØyvGy f × [laom

toHESi f htwl tzkwfxJrSvD;acsmif;juD;uÈwfxGufonf? vD;juD;onf

apmuf7nfrsm;p d kum a_ymifvufaeonf? umrqdyfawGt7rf;wufae

cs de fr d k hvnf; tpGrf;ukefawmifrwfaeonf? tajumrsm;_yd Ki f; _y d Ki f;xum

rwfawmi faeavaomvD;we f juD ;ud k bGm;ue J _ri fvd ku f ju7cs de fw Gi f

_r<ri f ; | <k<karm fE Si f h rmvmwi fwd k ho H k ;a<mufvH k ;>E S Kw fz sm ;r S

Øtd k- -× [ka<mif<rf;a7@Gwfvd kufrdonf?

Ø_yD;× vk Ø_yD;× cifta_ctaewGif vD;acsmif;juD;qG JxkwfoGm;I

tm;rvd ktm;r7_zpfoGm;7avaoma':xm;7ifr Smr l ud k<f hz DvifE Si f hud k<f

t@l;trl; _zpfaeonfrd k h aumifrav;oH k ;a<muf>a<mif<rf;a7@GwfoH

ud krjum;? onfvd ktoHrs d K ;ud kem;p Gi f haxmi faeavolud katmi fxl ;om

jum;rdum judwfIoabmusoGm;onf?

xGifxm;onfhtuGufaumif;aumif;juD;0ifaeavonfudk;?

Þ aqmif hygtH k;ud katmifxl;7<f- -quf_yD;aqmif hvd k;ay;ygtH k;

uÈefrvmawmhr<f@Si f h- -vmawmhr<f? qufvd k ;yg@ Si f- -qufvd k ;

prf;yg ß

8 8

a':xm;7ifu tmomirf;irf;yifa_ymqd konf?

Þ cifAsm;ud k _y D ;oGm;atmif qufaqmif hvd k ;ay;r<f? tJ- -

cifAsm;_yD;oGm;7if usKyfud kwpfckvkyfay;7r<f ß

a':xm;7ifu r@SufE d li frajumufE d li fa_ymqd kawmif ;c Haeaomf

vnf; udkatmifxl;u_yefrvd k;ao;bJ av;at;at;ESif ha_ymonf?

Þ bmvJ@ Si f- -a_ymy g- -vky fay;y g hr<f? uÈe frud kom

quf_yD;vd k ;prf;ygaemf- -[if;[if; ß

Þ usKyf7J hvD;ud k v7nfxGufvmwJhtxdpkyfay;7r<f? _yD;awmh

xGufvmwJhv7nfawGud k rs d Kcs7r<f ß

ud katmi fxl ;>7ufa7mnpfnrf ;vSaomawmif ;qd kc sufajumi f h

a':xm;7ifrsufESm7JueJ_zpfonf? jum;vdkuf7avolrdef;uav;oHk;a<muf

rSmvnf; ausm@k d ;p dr f hoGm;juonf?

tvdkav;av;? vD;pkyfay;7rwJh? okwf7nfawGxGufvmatmif

pkyfay;_yD; xGufvmwJhokwf7nfawGud k rs d Kcs7tH k ;rwJ h? 7ufpufvScsnf

vm;ud katmifxl;7m?

8 9

Þ b<fvd kvJ? usKyfa_ymovdkrvkyfay;bl;vm;? 'gqd kcifAsm;ud k

vnf; qufrvd k;awmhbl; ß

ud katmifxl;u cyf_ywf_ywfa_ymum cHwifatmufod k hqif;rnf

_yKonf? Ø_y D; × vkqJqJ_zpfaeavaoma':xm;7ifr Sm ud katmifxl;>

tjuyfud ki fvmrSKud k wif;rcHEd li f@ Smay?

Þ pkyfay;yg hr<f@Sif h- -pkyfay;yg hr<f? roGm;ygeJ hud katmifxl;7<fß

a':xm;7i fonf vS Jt dy fae7mr Suke f ;xum ud katmi fxl ;ud k

vSrf;qG J7if;a_ymonf?

Þ 'gqd k tckcsufcsif;vD;pkyfay; ß

ud katmifxl;uxdkod k ha_ym_yD; cHwifapmif;wGiftomxdki fcsonf?

ae7m<ly H kuvnf; wu<f hud ktyd ki f ? ol>rwfawmifxaeavaom

vD;juD;onf wpfbufrSacsmi f ;junf haeaomrde f ;uav;rsm;> rsufp d

t_rifvrf;ajumif;wnfhwnfh? w^SmaZmawGxefaeavaoma':xm;7if

c_rm wpfcsufav;r#yifwH k hqd ki f ;rae0H h ? ud katmifxl;a'gy G _y D ; cHwif

atmu fqi f ;umx Gu fo G m ;r S mu d k p d k ; 7 d r f aeonfr d k h rq d k i f ; rw Gyi f

ud katmifxl;>vD;juD;ud kuke f ;um yg;pyf _zif hi H kIpky fay;vd kuf7avawmh

9 0

onf?

a':xm;7ifu ud katmifxl;>vD;ud kuke f ;p ky fonfud kawG h7aom

tcg _r<rif;wd k hr Sm t7rf;ud ktH hjoum t_ywfyifpdwfvSKyf@ Sm;oGm;7

onf?

a' :xm;7i fp k y f ay ;v d ku f7onf hv D ; ju D ;>ta_ctaeuvnf ;

junfhygtH k ;? apmufzkwfud kt_ywfvd k;ae7if; qGJxkwfxm;onfhtwGuf

apmuf7nfjunfawG@$ J@ $ Jp d kaeavonfhvD;juD;?

b<favmufrsm;pufqkwf@G H@ SmzG<faumif;vSygoenf;?

od k haom fxl ;qe f ;onfr Sm xd k _ri fuGi f ;ud k junf h7onf htwGuf

_r<rif;wd k hr Sm @G H@ Smonfhp dwfrsm;ay:rvm? rde f;r l;z G<f7maompdwfvSKyf

@ Sm;rS Kud kom cHpm;7onf? bmajumif hrsm;onfvd k<pf<pfrl;r l;_zpf7wm

ygvdrf h?

_r<ri f ;>acgi f ;xJwGi f qla0r l ;aemufaeonf? bm_zp fvd k h

bmvky fr daerSe f ;vnf;rod? wpfud k<fvH k ;qwfqwfwke f7i faewm7<f?

7ifw'def;' de f ;c ke faewm7<f? zdef;ueJ@S de f ;ueJ_zpf_yD; juufoD;awGx_yD;

7if;xaewm7<f| 'gawGyJodae7onf?

9 1

xdk h _yi f _r<rif;>vufacsmi f ;rsm;uvnf; tzkwfud kaumif ;

aumi f ; _ye fuvdum tvky f@ S Ky fIaeonf? r dr d>vufatmufwGi f

r dr dtz kw f ju D ;az gi f ; ju Gwufum p d k@ $ Jvmonfud k _r<ri f ;o d7onf?

_r<rif;wpfud k<fvH k;vnf; vl;vGef hvSKyf@ Sm;vd k hae7yg_yD?

xd ktcd kufolr>aemufbufqDwGif vSKyf@Sm;rS Kwpfckck_zpfvmonf

ud kjum;7onf? 'gayr<f h _r<rif;r Sm xd kvSKy f@ Sm;r S Kud k ~@kr_yKEd li fyg?

olr>rsufvH k ;rsm;onf wpfbufcef ;r S7rufaZmjuGz G<f7m_rifuGi f ;ud k

om pl;pd kufIjunfhaeonf?

Þ pkyf- -pkyf- -tm;7yg;7pkyfprf;? tm;yg;- -w<faumif;

ygvm; pkyf pkyf ß

ud katmifxl;u tHjudwfuma_ymonf? xdk h _yifol>cg;uvnf;

wvSKy fvS Ky f | zifuvnf;wjuGjuG? xd kvS Ky f@ Sm;r S Krsm;u vD;juD;ud k

tay:od k hai g hai g hwufvmapav7m uke f ;p ky faeavonf ha':xm;7i f>

yg;pyfxJod k h vD;ud kxd k ;aqmif hoGif;ovdkrs d K ;yif_zpfaeonf?

a':xm;7ifuvnf; yg;av;rsm;yde fvd kufazgif;vd kuf_zpfoGm;atmif

yif vD;ud k7uf7ufa7ma7mpkyfay;aeavonf?

9 2

olraemufausmbufod k h wpfp H kwpfa<mufwk d ;uyfvmonfud k

_r<rif ;odvd kufonf? xd kol>vufrsm;onf _r<rif ;0wfxm;aom

wD@ Sy fy Gy GjuD;atmufod k hwd k ;0i fum b7mpD<mpnf;aE Smi fxm;_ci f ;r@ S dI

tumtuG<fuif;r J haeavaom7ifom;qd ki fr sm;ud k qky fud ki fvmonf?

_y D ; awm h p l ju Gc Èe f aum haeonf hE d k ho D ;ac gi f ;r s m ;u d k y Gw fac sonf ?

xd k h _yi fy laE G ;p d kp Gw faomE S kw fcr f ;av;uvnf; _r<rif ;>vnf~ kwfud k

tomt<merf;vmonf? _r<rif;qwfueJwkefonf?

aemufvSnf hrjunf haomfvnf; Tod k h _yKr lvmolonf rmvm

wif _zp fajumif ; em;@ Gufem;ud kxdr donf hr sufr Se f>txdtawG hajumif h

_r<rif;odvd kufonf? (rmvmwifonf rsufrSe fcyfxlxlwyfxm;7onf)

t_cm;aomrde f ;uav;wpfa<mufu olrud kud ki fwG<fyGwfoyf

aeyga7mvm;? _y D ;awm h xd kty Gwftoyf | tud ki ftwG<fud kvnf ;

_r<rif;junfEl;om<mrdonf?

_r<rif ;onf onfvd k _yKr lvmavolrmvmwifud k wGe f ;z<f

yp fvd kufc si fonf? _y D ;awmha<muf sm;vd kvd kaexd ki fvky faqmifwwfol

rmvmwifud kvnf; _r<rif;odyfjunfhr7cJ hyg? od k haomf pdwfoGm;wd ki f ;

ud k<fryg? olr>aoG;om;rsm;u rmvmwif>vkyfaqmifyH kud k t7rf;

vd kvm;vufc Haejuonf? wpfenf;a_ym7aomf rmvmwifu<ckvd k

9 3

Ed k hud ki f | Ed k hoD;yGwf| vnf~kwferf;vkyfay;_cif;u _r<rif;tm;umrt7om

txGyftxdyfwufvSrf;um Ø_yD;× 7apzd k htwGuf wpfbufrSaxmuful

wGe f ;y d k hovd k _zpfaeonfr[kwfygvm;?

Þ tm;- -tD;- -ig hv7nfawGxGufukef_yD? rs d Kcsprf;? wtm;

pkyf_yD; tukefrs d Kcs ß

ud katmi fx l ;> tm;7y g ;7a7@ Gw fa _ymjum;o Hay:vmonf?

x d k h _ yi fu d k atmi fx l ;wp fu d k< fv H k ; usi fpu fE Si f htwd k h c Hv d ku f7ovd k

qwfueJqwfueJwGef hoGm;onfud kvnf; _rifju7onf?

_r<rif;>rsufaphxJwGi f 7xm;ay:r Smwke f ;u a':xm;7if>

~Gi f ;wd kufay;rS Kajumif h ud katmifxl;vD;wefxdyfr S okwf7nf_zL_zLysp f

cÈ JcÈ Jrsm; yef;xGufcJ hy H kud k _yef_rifa<mifvmonf?

<ckvnf;ud katmifxl;onf a':xm;7if>yg;pyfxJwGif okwf7nf

rsm;v$wfxkwfvd kufav_yD? yef;xGufvmaomokwf7nfrsm;onf vD;ud k

uke f ;p ky fay;aeaoma':xm;7if>vnfacsmi f ;xJa7mufatmifud k wd k ;0i f

oGm;r Smygy J?

rmvmwi fu E d k ho D ;u d k y Gw fuvday ;r S Ku ynm_yn f h0um

9 4

xdrdvSay7m _r<rif;onfvnf; a':xm;7if>yg;pyfxJY udkatmifxl;

>okwf7nfrsm;yef;xGufoGm;cs de fr Smyif wpfcs D Ø_yD;× oGm;cJ h7onf?

xd kod k h _y D;oGm;cs de fwGif _r<rif;>udk<fvH k;av;onf qwfqwf

wke fcgIaeonf? vD;uke f ;p ky fay;ae7avaoma':xm;7if>ES kwfcrf;rsm;

tjum;r S _zLazG ;ysp fcÈ Jonf hokwf7nftcs d K h <d kp D ;xGufusvmonfud k

_r<rif ;p dwfvS Ky f@ Sm;pz G<f _ri f7onf? xd k h _yi fa':xm;7i f>vnfrs d K

vSKy f@ Sm;um okwf7nfrsm;aomufrs d Kcsvd kufonfud kvnf; awG h7onf?

a':xm;7if>vnfrs d Konf qufvufvSKy f@ Sm;v#uf ud katmifxl;ye f ;

x kw fay;aeonf ho kw f7nfr sm ;u d k qufwd ku fyi faomufr s d K c saeav

onf?

awG h _ri fae7onfrsm;onf _r<rif;vd krEl ;reyfq<fausm fouf

t@G<faumifri<fi<fav;tzd k h vGe fvGe f ;vSonf? _r<rif;r Sm<pfr l ;

aeav_yD_zpfaom w^SmaZmt[kef_zif h [pfatmfypfvd kufcsifvmonf?

od k haomf rmvmwifu olrud ktcs de fr Dxdef;odrf;vd kufEd li fonf?

Þ [dwf- -toHus<fus<frxGufeJ h? [d kbufcef;u jum;oGm;

vdrf hr<f ß

9 5

rmvmwifonfwD;wd k ;a_ym7if; toHxGufatmfr dvkvk_zpfaom

_r<rif;>yg;pyfxJod k h olr>vuf!S d k ;ud kqwfueJxd k ;xnfhvd kufonf?

Þ a7m h- -ig hvuf!S d k ;u d kp ky f ? [d kv l ud katmi fxl ; juD ;7 J h

vD;vd k hy J pdwfxJrSmtrSwfxm;_yD;p ky f ß

rmvmwifonf xyfr HIcy fwd k ;wd k ;a _ym_ye fonf? use fvuf

wpfbuf_zif hvnf; _r<rif;>Ed k hoD;ud k tomyGwfacsay;aeonf?

_r<rif;onf olryg;pyfxJxd k;xnfhay;xm;aom rmvmwif>

vuf!S d k ;u d k p ky fv d ku fr donf ? i H! S D! S Dt7omav;ud kc Hpm ;7onf?

rmvmwifonf ud k<f htzkwfud k<f vuf!S d k ; _zi f hxd k ;uvdxm;c J honf

_zp f7m xd kvuf!S d k ;w Gi fuy fndy gvmavaomapmuf7nfjunfr sm ;ud k

_r<rif ;>@Sm_zi f hxdawG h7ufr d7mr S i H!S D!S Dt7omav;rsm;c Hpm;7_ci f ;

_zpfonf? xd kod k h _zpf7rS KtwGuf @G H@ Sm7rnf htpm; _r<rif;7ifz d karmum

yd kIESpfoufoabmusoGm;ovdkvd k xif7onf?

rmvmwifonf nmvuf!S d K ;ud k _r<ri f ;y g ;py fxJxd k ;xnf h

ay ;xm ;ov d k b<fvu f! S d k ;u d kvn f ; _r<ri f ;>apmu fz kw fx J

qwfue Jx d k ;xnf hum ar $Iuvday;aeavao;onf? _r<ri f ;>

p dw fx Jw Gi f awm h o lr>tz kw fx Jw Gi f 0i fx Gu fv S Ky f @ S m ; aeonfr S m

9 6

rmvmwif>vuf!S d K ;r[kwfyJ ud katmifxl;>vD;acsmif;juD;[k xif_rif

rdonf? xdkenf;wl yg;pyf_zif hp ky fay;ae7avaom rmvmwif>fnmbuf

vufacsmi f ;onfvnf; ud katmifxl;>vD;wefjuD; _zp fovd kvd k xifr d

_ye fonf?

xd kajumif h a':xm;7ifp ky fay;cJ hy Hud ktwk<lum tm;7yg;7yif

p ky fay;aeonf? a':xm;7if>yg;pyfxJod k h ud katmifxl;u okwf7nf

rsm;ye f ;xnf hay;vd kufovd k <ckvnf;r dr d>yg;py fxJwGi f ylaE G ;ysp fcÈ J

onfhokwf7nf_zL_zLrsm;_ynfhv# HoGm;avrnfvm;[kvnf; xifrdavonf?

od k haomf_r<rif;p ky fay;aeonfrSm vD;tppfr[kwfyJ vuf!S d k ;omv#if

_zp fay7m b<fr Smv#i fo kwf7nfxGufvmE d li fy grnfenf ; ? okwf7nf

xGufvmatmi f p ky f< lay;vd ku fc si faom_r<ri f ;>p dw fqE Nuawm h

r_ynf h0cJ hyg?

od k haomf rmvmwif>b<fvuf!S d k ; _zif h tzkwfud kxd k ;ar$uvd

ay;r S K a jumi f h awm h _r<ri f ;wp fa<mufw ke fwc d ku fc d ku f _zp fatmi f

t7omawG haeonf? wpfcs D Ø_y D ; × cJ h7_y D ; _zp faomfvnf; 7rufaZm

t[kefuawmh usroGm;ao;? wufjuGaeqJ? xufoefaeqJ?

_r<ri f ;>r su fv H k ; aw Guvnf ; wp fbufce f ;r S _ri fu Gi f ;u d k

rcGmEd li f?

9 7

udkatmifxl;>okwf7nfrsm; rdrdyg;pyfxJ_ynf hv# Hatmifyef;xGuf

vmcs de fwGif a':xm;7ifrSmvnf; xl;xl;_cm;_cm;juD;ud k wpfcs D Ø_yD;×

oGm;cJ h7onf?

vifawmfarmifraoqHk;r Du vifr<m;ESpfa<mufumrpyf<Suf

7mwGif _yd Ki fwl Ø_yD;× cJ h7onfhtjudrfrsm;ud k a':xm;7ifjuHKcJ hz l ;ygonf?

vifawmfarmif>vD;rSokwf7nfrsm; apmufzkwfxJyef;xGufvmcs de fwGif

a':xm;7if>wpfud k<fvH k ;@ S daoG;om;rsm;qla0um Ø_yD;× oGm;cJ honf?

tawmfvnf;t7om@S donf? od k haomf<ckud katmifxl;>vufxJwGif

Ø_y D;× cJ h7rS KE Si f hawmh bmr#rqd ki f? tzkwfud kvd k ;wmrcH7ygyJESi f h Ø_yD;×

c J h7_cif;? xd k h _yiftzkwfud kvD;ESi f hvd k ;wmcH7if; Ø_yD;× cJ h7_cifxuf

trsm;juD;yd kaumif;onf? apmufacgif;xJrSxGufvmaomapmuf7nf

junfrsm;onf t_yifod k hv# HxGufonf? av;bufrukef;wukef;_zif h

vD;ukef;p ky fay;ae7cs de fr d k h tzkwfxJrSv# HxGufvmaomapmuf7nfjunf

rsm;onf apmufzkwfatmufwnfhwnfh@ S darG h7may:od k h wpfaygufcsif;

pD;usonf?

'gud k _rif7aom_r<rif;ESi f holi<fcsif;rav;ESpfa<mufwd k hvnf;

t7rf;ud ka[mhukefjuawmhwmayg h?

9 8

aemufwaehreuf e Heufpmpm;aomufjuawmh tm;vH k ;vlp H k

ygonf? a':xm;7if| _r<rif;| <k<karmf| rmvmwifESi f h td ki f7if;

tm;vH k ; ig;a<mufpmpm;yG JwGif0 d ki f ;umxd ki fI pm;aomufjuonf?

a':xm;7i fonf tenf;i<frsufuGi f ;usovd kvd k _zp faeonf?

td ki f7i f ;uawmh @$i f@ $i fvef;vef;yif? b<ftcs de futd ki f7i f ; _ye fa7muf

vmonfud kawmh _r<rif;rodyg? onfaehreuf olrtdyf7muEd k ;awmh

td ki f7if;vnf; tdyfcef;xJwGif@ S daeonfud kawG h7onf? a7cs d K ;ud k<fvuf

oef hpifum pm;aomufcef;od k hqif;vmawmh usefvlrsm;vnf; tdyfcef;

xJrS xGufvmjuonfud kawG h7onf?

Þ wDcsmacgi f ;ud kufaevd k h 'Daehawmhat;at;vlvlem;csi fw<f

uG<f? tJ'gri f ;wd k hvnfywfcsi f7i f rEWav;_r d K hxJr Smy J oGm;juayg h ?

vlpkawmhrcG Je J h? tm;vH k;twlwloGm; [kwfvm;? td ki f7if;u acgif;aqmif

ayg h? 'Dvd kroGm;yJ tem;<lcsifvnf; <ljuav ß

eHeufpmpm;aomuf_y D ;aomtcg a':xm;7ifuTod k ha_ymv#uf

olr>tcef;qDod k h _yefwufoGm;onf?

Þ tvum;- -acgif;ud kufoav;bmav;eJ h oufouftd kufwif

vkyfwm? [dk ud katmifxl;qd kwJ hvljuD;e J hoGm;yvl;rvd k h? rodwmusae

9 9

wmyJ ß

a':xm;7ifxGufoGm;_yD;aomtcg rmvmwifu rJ hum@G J humESif h

a_ymonf?

Þ nu oleJ hud katmifxl;aumif;aumif;juD;tvkyf_zpfjuwm?

uÈe frwd k hoH k ;a<muf 'Dbuftcef;u t_ywfud kacsmi f ;junf hyp fvd kuf

wmyJ? tJ rtd ki f7if;u t_yifxGufaevd k hrjunfhvd kuf7wm ß

<k<karmfu tdki f7if;ud kcyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymonf?

Þ at;- -7xm;ay:rSmwkef;u 'DvljuD;ud kwDcsm~Gi f;wd kufay;

aewmawm h i gaumi f ;aumi f ; junf hv d ku f7om;y J ? ud katmi fx l ;u

vD;t7rf;juD;wmud k;? wDcsmuawmh t_ywfud kc d kufoGm;rSmyJ [D[d ß

td ki f7if;uxd kod k ha_ym7if; ausmcsrf;oGm;onfhtoGif _zif h ykc ke f ;

wGe f h _yonf?

Þ ol hbmomolt_ywfcd kufoGm;wmu ta7;rjuD;bl;? igwd k h

tz d k h aumif ;aumif ;rvnf7wmuawmhatmufw<f? vnfz d k hywfz d k h

oH k ;7ufyJ7wm? wpf7ufawmh tvum;_zpfoGm;yg_yD? ß

1 0 0

rmvmwifu cyfnnf;nnf;uav;a_ymonf?

Þ td k;- -bmajumif htvum;_zpf7rSmvJ? iguawmhyd kawmif

jud Kufao;? ig hzmomig t_yifxGuf_y D ;v<fr<f? aysm fp7m@Smr<f?

vd kufcsifwJ hvl@S d7if vd kufvmcJ hju? 'gyJ? ß

td ki f7if;u cyf_ywf_ywfa_ymonf?

Þ igvnf; rtd ki f7if;e J hvd kufoGm;r<f? bmyJ_zpf_zpf xGufvnf

wmurS yd kaumif;rSm ß

<k<karmfu a_ymonf?

_r<ri f ;tae _zi f h awm h onfv d kx de f ;o dr f ;t ky f c s K y fo lry gy J

av#mufoGm ;vmwmrs d K ;u d k rjud Kufc si fy g ? od k haom f olrtae_zi f h

<k<karmfESi f htd ki f7if;wd k hud k [ef hwm;Ed li frnf htaetxm;vnf; r@S dyg?

<k<karmfu_r<rif;ud k vd kufcJ h7efac:ao;onf?

od k haomf _r<rif;urvdkuf?

1 0 1

aemufqH k;wGifawmh td ki f7if;ESi f h<k<karmfwd k hE Sp fa<muf twlwl

t_yifod k hxGufoGm;ju_yD? _r<rif;ESif hrmvmwifwdk hrSmrl usefaecJ hjuonf?

Þ td ki f7if;u odyfvnfvGef;wmyJ? vnfvGef;wJ hbD; cs D ;eif;rd

vdrf hr<f junfhae ß

td ki f7if;wd k hxGufoGm;_yD;aemuf rmvmwifu rausreyfa7@Gwf

a_ymjum;onf? rmvmwif>toGi fr Sm tawmfud krc Hcs drc Hom_zpfae

ajumif; odomEd li fonf? od k haomf bmtwGufrcHcs drcHom_zpfae7onf

qd k _cif;ud kawmh _r<rif;rawG;wwfyg?

xd kaemufrmvmwifonf _r<ri f ;u d kp l ;p d ku fumjunf honf?

xd ktjunf hc Hvd kuf7onf htwGuf _r<rif;r Sm 7ifxJwpfrs d K ; _zp fonf?

rmvmwifjunf hy H ku pl;p l ;7 J7 J@ S dvGe f ;vSonf? rsufr Se fwyfxm;onfrd k h

r sufr Se fatmufr Srmvmwif>rsufvH k ;r sm;onf yd k _yL;us<f0 d ki f ;pufae

ovdkvd k xif7onf?

<refae hnut_zpfud k _ye fowd7awmh _r<rif;7i fy d kc ke fvm

onf? _r<rif;onf rmvmwif>pl;7 Jaomtjunfhud k rsufvH k ;csi f ;

rqd ki fvd kaomajumif h tomwpfbufod k hv$ Jvd kufonf? xd kod k hv$ Jvd kuf

aomrsufvH k ;tjunf honf trSwfrxifyif rmvmwif>vufrsm;ay:

1 0 2

usa7mufonf?

_r<rif;yd kvd k hyif 7ifcke fvmonf?

rmvmwifuxd kvufrsm;ud koH k ;I olr>7ifom;rsm;ud kud ki fc J h |

tzkwfud kxd k ;uvdcJ hy H kr sm;E Si f h rmvmwif>vuf!S d K ;ud k vD;trSwf_zif h

r dr dtm;yg ;w7pky fc J hy H kr sm;ud kvnf; _ye fvnfpO f ;pm;r donf? juufoD;

av;rsm; _zd K;ueJzsef;ueJxonf? tzkwfxJrS pd kvmonf?

Þ a[h<ri f ;- -ig htce f ;ud kv d ku fc J h ? wDc sme J h[ d kv ljuD ;wd k h

tvkyfquf_zpfaejurSmyJ ß

rmvmwifE Si f htwlwlvd ku foGm ;7e f _r<ri f ;p d k ;@ G H h aeovd kv d k |

ajumufvef hovd kvd k _zpfonf? rmvmwifESi f hvd kufygoGm;ygu nwkef;

uvdkyif rmvmwifurdrdud k yGwfoyfuvday;tkef;r Smud kvnf; odae

onf?

wp fp d r f ; r d e f ;uav;wp fa<muf> ud k i fw G< fy Gw foy fr S Ku d k

_r<rif;>qif_cifpOf;pm;wwfaomtodpdwfESi f hO D ;aESmufwd k hu vufrcH?

od k haomfumrt7omudk irf;irf;wufcHpm;vd kaom olr>7ruf

1 0 3

pdwfESi f h aoG;om;wd k huawmh t7rf;ud kvd kvm;awmif hwaeonf?

7rufqENESi f qif_cifwwfaompdwfwd k h tm;_yd Ki fvGefqG Jaeju

onf?

igrmvmwifeJ hvd kufoGm;zd k h roif hbl;? rmvmwifu ighud kp dwf

jud Kufud ki fwG<faewmawGud k igxyf _y D ;rc Hoif hawmhbl ;? 'gawG[m

ody fud knp fnr f ;wmy J ? qif _ci fwwfaomtodp dwfu owday;wm;

_rpfaeonf?

td k- -bmbmnmnmawG;ajumufraee J h ? vd ku fomoGm;y g ?

wDcsmeJ hud katmifxl;juD; vd k;juaqmfjuwmudkjunfh7if; rmvmwifu

yGwfoyfay;wmcH7wm b<favmufaumif;w<fqd kwmvnf;todom;eJ h

[k7rufpdwfqENu wdkufwGef;aeonf?

q<fausm fouft@G<f Eke<fonf hr de f ;uav;wpfa<mufrqd k

xm;bd? tod]m^fjuG<faomrde f ;rjuD;rsm;ud kyi f aumif;aumif;zrf ;

pm ;E d l i favaomumrp dw fE Si f h7rufqE Nwd k hu aemufqH k ;tE d li f7oGm ;

onf?

_r<rif;onf rmvmwifac:7maemufod k h vd kufygvmcJ hawmh

1 0 4

avonf? rmvmwifonf _r<rif ;>ycke f ;ud k cy fwif ;wif ;zufI

vmcJ honf? rmvmwif>nmbuf7i fom;qd ki fonf _r<rif ;>b<f

ycke f ;ud kxdvd kuf | rxdvd kuf_zp faeonf? rmvmwif>qD;c ke fnmbuf

y d ki f ;uvnf; _r<rif ;>b<fbufzi fom;tpGe f ;y d ki f ;E Si f h xdIxdIae

onf? xdkxdawG hr S Kajumif h zde f;ueJ@S de f ;ueJ_zpfoGm;7onfud k _r<rif;

b<fvd kr Sv#pfv#L@S K _cif; r_yKEd li fyg?

onfvd kE Si f h rmvmwifESi f h<k<karmfwd k h>tcef;a@S hod k h a7muf

vmjuonf?

rmvmwifutcef;wHcg;ud k toHr_rnf7avatmif owdxm;

um cyf_znf;_znf;zGi f hvd kufonf?

Þ toma_cazg heif;_yD;0ifaemf? r[kwf7if igwd k h7 J ha_coHawGud k

jum;oGm;vdrf hr<f ß

rmvmwifu _r<rif;>em;@Gufem;od k huyfum cyfwd k ;wd k ;av;

1 0 5

a_ymvd kufonf?

rmvmwif>ESmacgif;tzsm;onf _r<rif;>yg;ud ktzsm;cwfum

dxdrdonf? _r<rif;zde f;ueJ_zpfonf?

rde f;uav;ESpfa<mufonf wpfa<mufvufwpfa<mufud ki fum

tcef;xJod k htoma_cazg heif;I 0ifvmcJ hjuonf? rd k ;vif;ae_yD_zpfaomf

vnf ; tce f ;pn f ;x lx lr s m ;u d k t_ynf hc sumxm;avonf htwGu f

tcef;xJwGif tvif;a7mifodyftm;raumif;? cyf0g;0g;om@S donf?

_r<rif;E Si f hrmvmwifwd k hE Sp fa<mufonf 0d k ;w0g;tvif;a7mif

ud ktm;_yKum eH7HwHcg;>tufuG Jajumif;@S d7mae7mod k h ta7mufcsOf;uyf

vmEd li fcJ hjuonf?

bmudkr#xdrdwd kufrd_cif;r@S d? bmoHr#vnf;r_rnf?

e H7 HwHcg;tufuG Jajumif;ae7mod k hra7mufr Dr Smyif ud katmifxl;

>cyfjojotoHjuD;ud k jum;vd kufju7onf?

Þ cHwifay:rSmyufvuftdyf_yD; 'l;axmifaygifum;xm;vd kuf ß

1 0 6

_r<rif;ESi f hrmvmwifwd k hE Sp fa<mufonf cyf_ref_refyif eH7HwHcg;

tufuG Jajumif;ud krsufpdtyfum wpfbuftcef;xJod k hacsmif;junfhvd kuf

juonf?

tcef;pnf;tcs d K hud k tenf;i<f[cG Jxm;onfhtwGuf wpfbuf

tcef;xJwGifawmh tvif;a7mifaumif;pGm@S daeonf?

b<ftcs de fursm;cÈwfypfcJ honfrod? a':xm;7if>udk<fay:wGif

t0wftpm;r@ S dawm h ? vH k ;0ud kyvmusi f ;aeonf? a':xm;7i fonf

cHwifay:wGif0wfvpfpvpfyif yufvuftdyfum 'l;axmifaygifum;v#uf

om;@S daeonfud kawG h7onf?

ud k<fatmifxl;rSmvnf; udk<fvH k;wD;ESi f h? vD;tawmifom;ESif h?

_r<rif;>pdwfxJwGi f ud katmifxl;u q7mra':xm;7if>ud k<fay:

wufcG_yD; vd k;awmhrnf[kxifrdonf? rwfrwfjuD;awmifum vdk;7ef

toif h _zp faeonf h ud katmifxl;aygi fjum;rSvD;wefrnf;rnf;wkwfwkwf

juD;>ta_ctaeuvnf; _r<rif;ud k7ifzd karmaeaponf?

od k haomfud katmifxl;onf a':xm;7ifud krvd k ;ao;yg? a':xm;

7if>udk<fay:wufcG_cif;yifr_yK? a':xm;7if>nmbufab;em;wGifom

tomxdkifcsvd kufonf?

1 0 7

udkatmifxl;bmrsm;vkyfavrnfenf;[k _r<rif;ESif hrmvmwifwd k h

7ifwxdwfxdwfcke fv#uf junfh@ S Kaejuonf?

ud katmifxl;onfud k<fud kud ki f ;um a':xm;7if>nmbufEd k hoD;

u d ku ke f ;p d k honf? ol hvufjur f ; juD ;wp fbufuawmh a':xm;7i f>

rd k h0e f;tdxGm;avaomb<fbuf7ifom;qd ki fjuD;ud ktkyfud ki fum cyfwif;

wif;zspf!Spfonf?

Þ td k- -[if h- - ß

a':xm;7if>yg;pyfzsm;r Snnf;oHoJ hoJ hay:vm_yD ; aygi fvH k ;juD;

ESpfacsmif; aphvd kuf[vdkufESi f hvSKyf@ Sm;onf?

Þ a[mjunfh- -pkyfay;vd kufwmeJ hcifAsm;7J hE d k hoD;awGcÈefaumh

wufvmwmyJ? cifAsm;^Smxefae_yDr[kwfvm; ß

ud katmi fxl ;uEd k hp d k hay;ae7mr S tomacgi f ;arm h junf h _y D ;a _ym

w<f? [kwfyg7J h? olpd k hay;cJ hwJ ha':xm;7if7J hnmbufEd k hoD;[m t_ywf

ud kcÈe faumhplwufaewmyJ?

Þ [if h[if h- -ud katmifxl;7<f- -tJvd krs d K ;awGrar;ygeJ h@ Si f ß

1 0 8

a':xm;7ifrSm 7rufaZmEd k;juGp_yKae_yD_zpfaomfvnf; tod]m^f

aysmufum t@Sufuke favmufatmif t@l;trl;tqif hod k hra7mufao;

onfhtwGuf @Suf@G H hp Gmyifa_ymqd kwm;_rpfonf?

Þ [m;[m;[m;- -vky fraeyge J hA sm? rjumcifr Sm cifAsm;

yg;pyfu wpfwpfcGc Gpum;awGa_ymvm7awmhrSmyg- - ß

ud katmi fxl ;>pum;xJwGi f y d ki fp d k ;r S KE Si f h _c dr f ;a_cmufr S KawG

t_ynf hygaeonfud k _r<rif;owd_yKr donf? rdr dav;pm;csp fcif7aom

q7mr_zp fo lud k TuJ ho d k h< kwfrmnpfnr f ;p Gma_ymqd k _y Kr laeonfud k

junfh7if;| _r<rif;rSmajumufovdkvd k | cH_yif;ovdkvd k _zpfonfhjum;u

pdwfvnf;vSKyf@Sm;vm7onf?

ud katmifxl;onf a':xm;7if>ab;em;wGi fxd ki fum Ed k hoD;ud k

ukef;p d k hae7mrS tomum;vsm;arSmuftdyfcsvd kufonf?

a':xm;7ifESif hab;csif;<SOfum tdyfcsvdkuf_cif;r[kwf? a_ymif;_yef

tdyfcsvd kuf_cif;yif_zpfonf? a':xm;7if>a_c7if;bufud kacgif;rlv#uf?

ud katmifxl;onf a':xm;7if>aygi fwef _zL_zLwkwfwkwfjuD;

ESp fc kud k yd kum;oGm;atmifwGef;onf? xd kaemuf apmufzkwfES Kwfcrf;om;

1 0 9

ESpfckud k _yJtmxGufvmatmif vufacsmif;rsm;_zif hqG J _z Jonf? a':xm;

7ifrSm tawmfud ktae7cufaeonf? olrtae_zif h onfvd ktzkwfud k

7u f7ufa7ma7m _z Jxm;r S Kr s d K ; wp foufv H k ;wp fc gr #r ju H Kz l ; ao;y g ?

tawmfvnf;@Sufaeonf? rsufESmylaeonf?

xd kod k hud katmifxl;u a':xm;7if>apmufz kwfjuD;ud k _y Jtm

oGm;atmif 7uf7ufa7ma7mqG J _z Jvd kufonfud kjunf h7i f ; _r<rif;>

7rufqENrsm;onf yd kr d kI'D~7D_rif hwufvmonf?

ud katmifxl;onf tzkwf_yJtmoGm;I aigufawmufjuD;ay:ae

avaomapmufaphud k nmvuf!S d K ;ESi f hvufrwd k h _zif h!Syfum udki fvd kuf

onf?

vH k ; juD ;aygufvSarm fv_r d Ki fola':xm;7i fonf wifxGm;onf h

t_yif | apmufzkwfjuD;v#uf apmufaph@ Snfonf? 7rufxefaecs de fr d k h

apmufaphu tpGrf;ukefaumhaxmifwufaeav7m vufoef;xdyftqpf

omomavmufud k @S daeonf?

ud katmi fxl ;onf aumhaxmi fwufaeavaomapmufap hud k

vuf!S d K ;vufrwd k h _zi f h!Sy fum tomyGwfwd kufay;onf? apmufap h

ta7_ym;vd kt7muGmv#uf twGi f ;r Sr D ; _cp fq Hac gi f ;omom e De D7 J7 J

1 1 0

tom;av;ay:vmatmif_yKonf?

xd kaemufapmufaphxdyfzsm;rS xd ke De D7 J7Jtom;pav;ud k @Smzsm;

_zif hxd k ;um7ufay;onf?

Þ tm;[if h[if h- -b<fvd kvky faewmvJ@ Si f h- -td ktd k- -

trav;av;- -tm;- -tm; ß

a':xm;7i f>acgi f ; b<fnm<rf ;c gaeonf? zi f juD ;vnf ;

aum humjuGumE Si f h ? vufoD ;qky fr sm ;u ar G h7mud kx k@ k du faeonf?

trs d K ;orD;juD; t7rf;ud kw^Smxefaeajumif; odomEd li fonf?

onft_zpfud kawG h _rifae7aom_r<rif;rSm touf@SL7efyifarhae

onf?

Þ b<fvd kvJ<rif ;? a':xm;7i f' gr s d K ; _zp faewmud k junf h _y D ;

eifvnf;zDvifawGwufae_yDr[kwfvm; ß

rmvmwif>wD;wd k;a_ymvd kufoHu _r<rif;ud kzswfueJvef hoGm;

aponf? od k haomf wpfbufcef;xJod k h acsmif;a_rmif;junfhaerSKud kawmh

ysufroGm;apyg? _r<rif;onfqufvufI pl;pd kufumjunfhaerdonf?

1 1 1

udkatmifxl;u apmufaphESi f htzkwfud k7ufay;aeoH wysyfysyf

jum;ae7onfhtjum;rSyif rmvmwif>toHuxyfIay:vm_yefonf?

Þ eifvnf; tJ'Dvd krs d K ;7ufay;wm rcHcsifbl;vm;- -[if- -ß

a_ym7if;uyif rmvmwif>vufrsm;onf _r<rif;>cs d Ki f;jum;

od k hwd k ;0ifvmum 7ifom;rsm;ud kqkyfe<fyGwfud ki fonf?

rdrd>7ifom;rsm;ud k t_cm;rde f;uav;wpfa<mufu qkyfud ki f

aeajumi f ;o daom fvnf; rmvmwifapmapmuar;vd ku fonf har;c Ge f ;

ajumif h onft_yKtrlud kuef huGuf_iif;qef7efyif owdr7Ed li fawmh?

u d katmi fx l ;u wqif hwufum tqef ;x Gi fvm_ye fonf?

apmufaphud k7ufay;| pky fay;| tzkwfud k7ufay;vkyfae7mrS a':xm;

7i f> plwlwlptd k0av;ud k vuf!S d K ;E Si f hrxdwxdukwf _cp fay;onf?

yGwfay;onf?

zi f0ud konfvd ky Gwfay;| ukwf_cp fay;vd kufwd ki f ; a':xm;7i f

qwfueJwGe f hwGe f hoGm;onfud k _r<rif;owd_yKr donf? _r<rif;ud k<f

wd ki fr Smvnf; 7ifxJwGif' de f ;ueJ'de f;ueJcke foGm;rdonf?

1 1 2

_r<rif;>aoG;om;awG t7rf;ud kqly GufvSKy f@ Sm;vd k haeygonf?

tzkwfxJuvnf; pd kvd k h@ $ Jvd k h?

<ckqd kv#i f rmvmwifonf _r<rif ;0wfxm;aom@Sy ftuô s

qefqef bavmufpftuôs>7ifbwfus<foD;tm;vH k;ud k _zKwfypfvd kuf

_yD;_yD? xd k h _yif twGif;cHb7mpD<m>7ifbH katmufod k hyif vufud kxd k ;oGif;

v#uf@S donf? 7ifbH katmufvufv#d Kum Ed k htH kom;rsm;ud kprf;aeonf?

rmvmwifu _r<rif ;ud k aemufr Sod ki f ;zufxm;onf_zp f7m

rmvmwi f>7i fom;qd ki fr sm ;u _r<ri f ;>ausm _yi fu d k tdue Jyi f

xdrdaeonf? zdrdaeonf?

Þ ud ki f;- -cifAsm;ud kzifcsr<f? av;bufukef;vd kufprf; ß

ud katmifxl;>a_ymjum;vd kufoHu rdef;uav;ESpfa<mufvH k;ud k

touf@SLrSm;oGm;aponf?

Þ td k- -tJ'gawmh rvkyfygeJ h@ Si f- -rvkyfygeJ h ß

a':xm;7if>tvef hwjum;awmif;yefvd kufoHud kvnf; _r<rif;

wd k h jum;7onf? a':xm;7ifrnfr#awmif;yefonf_zpfap| ud katmifxl;

1 1 3

uawmh zifcsr Sm_zp fajumif ;ud k olwd k hE Sp fa<mufaumif ;aumif ;juD;

odaejuonf?

xd ktodonf _r<rif;>ptd k0uav;ud kyif <m;usdus d _zpfvm

aponf?

Þ uJyg- -av;bufaxmufrSmomaxmufprf;yg ß

ud k atmi fx l ;u yufvufvSe fv #u f@ S d aeaoma':xm;7i fu d k

qG Jxl7if;a_ymonf?

Þ tJvd krs d K ;awmhrvkyfyge J h@ Si f- -csrf;omay;yg? uÈefrwpfcgrS

tvkyfrcHbl;vd k hyg udkatmifxl;7<f ß

a':xm;7ifu wwGwfwGwfa_ymqd kawmif;yef@Smonf?

ti f ;- -w7m;usp7mawm htaumi f ;om; ? a':xm;7i f[m

yg;pyfuom_iif;qefawmif;yefaewm? vluawmhud katmifxl;vd kcsi fwJ h

taetxm;twdki f; av;bufukef;ay;xm;vd kuf7_yD?

Þ ud k<ftay:yd ki f ;ud k arG h7meJ hxdE d li foavmufxd_y D ; zifjuD;

1 1 4

udkawmh axmifEd li for#axmifay;xm;av ß

av;bufaxmufukef;ay;xm;wmud kawmif tm;r7Ed li fao;[ef

e J h ud katmifxl;uxyfa_ymw<f? a':xm;7if[mvnf; ud katmifxl;

a_ymovdkyJ vd kufvkyfay;7@Smw<f?

olwd k hq7mr| zifvd k ;c H7zd k h | zify l ;awmif;axmif _y D ;uke f ;ay;ae

7wmudkjunfhae_rifae7wJh aumifrav;ESpfa<muf[mvnf; b<fvd k

awG_zpfaerSe f ;rodawmhatmif t7rf;ud kp dwfvSKy f@ Sm;wufjuGvd k hvm;ju

w<f? b<fhES<f olwd k huaoG;om;ql_zd K;p q<fausmfouft@G<fav;

awG? 'Davmuf7ufa7myufpufwJ h _rifuGif;rs d K ; _rif7awmh b<frSm7ruf

aZmrxefyJ aeyg hrvJ?

Þ zif_zJay;prf; ß

ud katmifxl;u toHrmrmeJ h cd ki f ;ap_yefw<f?

Þ rvkyfyge J h@ Si f- -uÈefrud kzi fawmhrcsyge J h ? uÈefrajumuf

w<f? 'gawmhcsrf;omay;ygud katmifxl;7<f ß

zifyl;awmif;axmifay;xm;7wJha':xm;7ifu awmif;yeftoem;

1 1 5

c Hw<f? a':xm;7i f[m zi fc H7r Smu d kwu<fy Jajumufaey gw<f?

ud katmifxl;vD;juD;7 J h'^f b<favmuf_yif ;w<fqd kwm a':xm;7if

odae_yDav? tzkwfxJxnfh_y D;vd k ;c J hwke f;uawmif tawmfud kc Hc J h7wm

r[kwfvm;? zifcscH7r<fqd k7ifawmh?

Þ w<fpum;rsm;wmudk;? zif_z Jqd k _z Jwmr[kwfbl; ß

a_yma_ymqd kqd kud katmifxl;[m vuf0g;jurf;juD;e J h a':xm;

7if7 J hzi fjuD;ud kzse f ;ueJ_rnfatmif@ k dufcsvd kufw<f? _znf;_znf;omom

@k dufomr[kwfbl;aem f? wtm;@ k dufcsvd kufwm? zse f ;ueJ _rnfoGm;wJ h

toHu awmfawmf hud kus<fwm? _yD;awmh _zLEkaewJhzifom;juD;ay:rSm

vuf0g;7mjuD;txif;om;ay:oGm;wmyJ?

7ufa7m7ufpufvd kufwm? _r<rif;_zif h ud k<fwd ki fyift@k dufcH

vd kuf7ovm;vd k hawmif xifrd7wJ htxd?

a':xm;7ifquf_y D ;r_ii f ;E d li fawmhbl;? wke fwke f7i f7i fajumuf

ajumufvef hvef he J hy J vufuav;ESp fbufud kaemufypf_y D ; zifom;juD;

ESpf_crf;ud k _z Jay;vd kuf7@Smw<f?

tif;? zifom;juD;ESpfckud k _z Jay;vd kuf7w<fqdk7ifyJ ptd k0av;

1 1 6

[m_yJtmxGufvmawmhwmayg h? a':xm;7if[m _r<rif;wd k hacsmif;junfh

aewJ hbufud k zifay;_yD;uke f ;ae7wmqd kawmh zif_z Jvd kufvd k hptd k0av;

[_yJav;_zpfoGm;wmudk _r<rif;wd k haoaocsmcsmud k _rifvd kuf7wmayg h?

ud katmifxl;u a':xm;7if7 J hapmufzkwfxJuapmuf7nfawGud k

vuf!S d K;e J huavmf<l_yD; ptd k0rSmokwfvdrf;w<f? 'gwifb<f[kwfrSmvJ?

zi f0ud kvuf!S d K ;x dy fav;e J h tomav;xd k ;y Gw fay;w<f? _y D ;awm h

tomav;zdzdxd k ;aewmudk _r<rif;wd k h7ifwzd kz d ke J hjunfhaerdjuw<f?

Þ ei f hzi fay gufud k p d k@ $ Jvmatmi ft7i fuvday;r<f? _y D ;r S

ig hvD;juD;ud k eif hzifxJxd k;xnfh_yD; aumif;aumif;zifaqmfr<f ß

zif0ud kvuf!S d K ;e J hy Gwfay;7if; ud katmifxl;u zifvd k ;r<f htpD

tpOfud k cyfwd k ;wd k ;av;a_ymaew<f? wd k ;wd k ;qd kayr<f h _r<rif;wd k h

aumi f ;aumi f ; jum;r dy g7 J h ? wu<fzi fv d k ; c H7r<f h a' :xm;7i fawm h

b<fvd kaer<frodbl;? jum;7wJ h _r<rif;r Smawmh ausm@k d ;xJp dr f hcsr f ;

ajumufvef hoGm;ovd k apmufzkwfxJupd kxGuf_y D ; 7rufaZmawGjuG@G

vm7w<f?

ajumufvef hp dwfeJ humr7rufpdwf w_ydKi feufwnf;_zpfay:cHpm;

vm7w<fvd k hqd kr Smayg h?

1 1 7

rmvmwifu _r<rif;7 J ht0wftpm;awGud k qG JcÈwfypfw<f?

_r<ri f ;r@ ke f ;ue fr dy gb l ; ? ruef hu Gufr dy gb l ; ? ' g[mroif havsm fw J h

t_yKtrlrSe f;odayr<fh onftwdki f;_i dr fc Haerdw<f?

_r<rif;0wfxm;wJ htuôs| b7mpD<meJ hxrDawGtukefuÈwfuGm

juukef_y D? twGif;c HyifwDabmif;bDwd ke H he H hav;wpfxnfyJusefawmhwm?

' Dyi fwDabmif;bDuav;uvnf; wu<fhud kao;ao;uav;? tzkwf

ud kawmiftEd li fE d li fz H k ;r dwm? zifjuD;uawmh ay:wifjuD;yJ?

ud katmifxl;[m a':xm;7if7J hzif0ud k vuf!S d K;xdyfe J htomav;

yGwfay;ae7mu vuf!S d k ;ud kzifaygufxJ qwfueJzdxd k ;xnfhvd kufw<f?

bma_ymaumif;rvJ? vuf!S d K ;[m ptd k0ud kxd k ;azguf_yD; zifaygufxJ

0ifoGm;awmhwmygy J?

Þ td k- -udkatmifxl;7<f- -b<fvd kvkyfwmvJ@Sif h tm; ß

a':xm;7i fy g ;py fu atm fo HxGufvm_y D ; zi f ju D ;[mvnf;

<rf;cgaumhaxmifoGm;w<f? tif;- -zifaygufxJ0ifvmwJhvufacsmif;

uÈwfxGufoGm;atmif cgxkwfwmvm;? yd k0i fvmatmifaumhwifay;

wmvm;qd kwmud kawmh _r<rif;wd k hrodyg? a':xm;7ifud k<fwd ki fvnf;

odrnfr[kwfyg?

1 1 8

rmvmwif[m _r<rif;em;u tomcGmoGm;w<f? _r<rif;

em;xJrSm t0wfcÈwfoHawGvd kvd kjum;7_yD; rmvmwifol hem;_yefwd k ;uyf

vmwmudkod7w<f? rmvmwif>tumtuG<fuif;rJ haeonfhEd k htH krsm;u

_r<rif;>bvmusif;aeaomausm_yifud k tdueJxdrdonf? rmvmwif

wpfa<muf udk<fvH k ;wD;_zpfaeajumif; _r<rif;odvd kuf7onf?

rmvmwif>vufESpfbufonf _r<rif;>cs d Ki f ;jum;od k h wd k;0if

vmonf? bmajumif hr Se f ;rod? _r<rif;onf vufarmif;ESp fbufud k

cyf[[vkyfay;rdonf? rmvmwifonf _r<rif;>ql_zd K;p7ifom;av;

ESp fc kud k vufESp fbuf_zif hqkyfud ki fum tome<fay;onf? _r<rif;

wpfud k<fvH k; juufoD;av;rsm;xoGm;onf?

b<fvd k _zpfwmvJ? rmvmwif[mrde f;uav;wpfa<mufyJav?

t_cm;r de f ;uav;wpfa<muf7J hud ki fwG<fr S K[m bmajumif hrsm;onfvd k

juufoD;xavmufatmif t7omawG@S dap7wmvJ? r[kwfao;ygbl;?

r[kwfao;ygbl;?

_r<rif;>7ifxJwGif @SKyfaxG;pGmpOf;pm;rdonf? rdrdrSm vdifwlcsif;

om<mpdwfay:wwfonfhtrs d K ;orD;rsm;_zpfae_yDvm;[kvnf; xdwfvef h

p GmawG;rdonf?

1 1 9

odk haomfrmvmwifu 7ifom;rsm;ud kz Gz Gav;ud ki fum @G@ Gav;

qkyfe<fay;ae7m wc^twGif;rSmyif _r<rif;>pdwf@S Ky faxG;rS Krsm;ESi f h

xdwfvef hz G<ftawG;rsm; aysmuf_y<foGm;avawmhonf?

@S de f ; _raEG;axG;aomtxdtawG hud k _r<rif;<pfr l ;p Gmyif cHpm;

wwfoGm;_y D?

wpfbufcef;wGi fr l ud katmifxl;onf aemufxyfvufcv<f

ud kyg vuf!S d K ;E Si f hy l ;I a':xm;7if>zifaygufxJxd k ;xnf hvd kufonf?

a':xm;7if>yg;pyfrS [if hueJomtoHwpfcsuf_rnfonf? udkatmifxl;

onfvufESpfacsmif;yl;ud k zifxJxd k;oGif;_yefxkwfvkyfay;onf? a':xm;

7if>zifjuD; wvSKyfvSKyf_zpfvmonfud k _r<rif;wd k h _rifju7onf?

bmyJa_yma_ym a':xm;7ifwpfa<muf 7rufaZmawGxefvm

aewmuawmh odyfud kxif@Sm;aeonf? udkatmifxl;tvdkus zifvd k ;c H

7rSmuvnf; odyfud kaocsmae_yD?

rmvmwifrSmvnf; _r<rif;ud kud k<fwG<fyGwfoyf7if; wpfbuf

cef;od k hvnf;acsmif;junfhae7m olr>udk<fonf ukef;uke f;uGuG_zpfI

aeonf? rmvmwif>cÈefaumhaeaomEd k hoD;acgif;rsm;onf _r<rif;>

eHapmif;ud k vmxdrdonf? onftxdtawGhud k _r<rif;oabmusygonf?

1 2 0

odk haomf xd kok d hxdawG hr donfrSm t_cm;rde f ;uav;wpfa<muf>ud k<f

cE Wm _zp faeonfqd konf htoduawmh _r<rif ;ud kp dwftaESmi f ht<Suf

_zpfaponf?

a@ S ho d k h cy fu d ki f ;u d ki f ;E Si f h ac smi f ; junf haeaom_r<ri f ;>aemuf

buf@ S dtwGi f ;c Hyi fwDabmif ;bDar#m h jud k ;tjum;od k h rmvmwif>vuf

wpfbufu wd k ;0i fvmonf? _r<rif;qwfueJwke fonf? od k haomf

@ ke f ;ue fxGuf _ci f ;r _y K? onftwd ki f ;yi f _i dr fc Haeonf? rmvmwif>

vufacsmi f ;r sm;u twGi f ;c Hyi fwDav;jum;xJ0i fa7mufvmjuonf?

aemufawm h zi f jum;x Ja7mufvmonf? _r<ri f ;>ptd k0av;ud k

zdumyGwfvmonf?

_r<rif;b<fvdkrSuef huGufa_ymqdk_cif;r_yKEd lifrDrSmyif vufacsmif;

rsm;onfyd kr d kwd k ;0ifum tzkwf@S d7mod k ha7mufvmonf?

Þ eif htzkwfu pd k@ $ J _y D ;azmif;aeygvm;<rif;7J h? t_ywfzDvif

wufaewmudk; ß

rmvmwifu cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ym_yefonf? xdkod k ha_ym7if;rmvmwif

>vufrsm;u apmufaphud kxdvmonf? xd@k Homr[kwf? tomav;

qdwfIyifqG Jvd kufao;onf?

1 2 1

_r<rif;rSm wkef7Darm[k dufoGm;7onf? yg;pyfrSatmfoHcyfus<f

us<frxGufoGm;7avatmif E S Kwfcr f ;ud kud kufIrenf;juD ;xde f ;vd kuf

7onf?

Þ udki f;- -rxm;a7- -zifvd k ;ju7atmif? usKyfyufvufvSef

tdyfay;r<f? cifAsm;u usKyfbufud kausmay;_yD; zifxJvD;0ifatmif

ud k<f hbmomud k<fz dc say; [kwfvm;- - tpuawmh ci fA sm;ud k

uke f ;c d ki f ; _y D ; zifaxmifvd k ;rvd k hy J? 'Dvd kvky f7i f cifAsm;ody femrSmp d k ;7

w<f? 'gajumif hcifAsm;ud ktay:uae_yD;vkyfcd ki f;wm ß

wu<fawmh udkatmifxl;u tuGufoufoufxGif_cif;yg?

wpfbufcef;rSaumifrav;rsm; acsmif;junhfaumif;acsmif;junfh

aeE d l i fonf[k ud katmi fx l ;w Gu fxm;onf? tu<fInuvd kr sm ;

ac smi f ; junh faec J hv #i f a':xm;7i f>zi fay gu fx Jv D ;we f ju D ;w d k ;0i f

onfud k aoaocsmcsmawG h _ri f7avatmif <ckvd kr s d K ;tvky fc d ki f ; _ci f ;

_zpfonf?

xd kod k ha _ym7i f ;uk datmi fxl ;onf a':xm;7i f>zifaygufxJod k h

1 2 2

ESpfacsmif;_yL;xd k ;xnfhxm;aom vuf!S d K ;ESi f hvufcv<fwk d hud k qwfueJ

qG Jxkwfvd kufonf?

x d k aemu far G h 7may:yu fvufpi f ; pi f ; ju D ;v S Jt dy fv d ku fonf ?

ol> 12vufrausmf@Snfum bdvyf7nfykvif;bl;cGe favmufwkwfaom

vD;wefjuD;u ypfcGi f;awmhrnf haqwef'H k ;ys HjuD;vd k xd k;xd k ;axmifaxmif

juD;_zpfaeonf?

tnmom;vD; _zp faomajumif h rnf;eufaeonf? t7nf_ym;

vefaeaomxdyfyd ki f ;uawmh eD7Jv#uf?

_r<rif;c_rm rmvmwif>tukdi ftwG<f| tyGwftoyfwd k hud k

7ifzk darmaeatmifcH<l7if; a':xm;7ifbmrsm;vkyfrnfenf;[k 7ifwvSyf

vSyfESif hapmif hjunfhaeonf?

a':xm;7ifonf zifyl;awmif;axmifv#ufom;@S dae7mrS tom

xonf? _yD ;awmhud katmifxl;>rsufE Smbufausm_yKum tomwuf

cGxd ki fonf?

<cktaetxm;wGif a':xm;7ifonf ud katmifxl;bufausm

ay;um _r<rif;wd k hacsmif;junhfae7mqDod k hrsufESmrlum udkatmifxl;>

1 2 3

aygi f7if ;c GqH k@ S d rwfawmifaeavaomvD;wefjuD;tay:wnf hwnf hwGi f

aqmif hajumif hruswustaetxm;_zif hc Gxd ki fae_cif;_zpfonf?

a':xm;7if>rsufESmay:wGifajumufvef hr S KE Si f htwl 7rufcd k ;awG

t_ynf h< Su foe f ;aeonf? 7rufaZm _zi f h r su fawmi fr sm ;ar S ;pi f ;um

rsufvH k;awGuawmh ta7mifvufvufawmufa_ymifaeonf?

_zLazG;aomtom;a7mifuawmh @Suf@ G H hp dwf_zif hye f ;E ka7mifoef;

aeonf? wpfud k<fvH k;vnf;qwfqwfwkef7ifaeonf?

a':xm;7ifonfrwfawmifaeaomvD;wefjuD;ud k nmvuf_zif h

ud ki fumxdef;v#uf rdrd>ptd k0wGiftomawhuyfvd kufonf?

xd ktcs de fwGi fud katmifxl;>vufESp fbufonf qef hwef ;xGuf

vmum a':xm;7if>cs d Ki f ;atmufrSv# d Kv#uf Ed k htH krsm;ud kvSrf;ud ki fvm

onf?

E d k ht H kom;atmufy d ki f ;ud kuse fvufacsmi f ;r sm ; _zi f hqky fud ki fv#uf

vufrrsm;uawmh Ed k hoDacgif;rsm;ay:yGwfwd kufay;aeonf?

Þ uJ- -cifAsm;7J hzifjuD;ud k tomzdcsvd kufawmhav ß

1 2 4

udkatmifxl;uTodk ha_ym_yD; a':xm;7if>Ed k hoD;rsm;ud ktomav;

vdr fumqdwfqG Jvd kufonf? emusi fovd kvd kE Si f h@ S de f ; _raomt7omud k

c Hpm;7onfhtwGuf a':xm;7ifjuufoD;uav;rsm;xoGm;onf?

a' :xm ;7i f>p dw fx J r S m awm h t7r f ;u d kv S K y f @ S m ; aeon f ?

juD;rm;wkwfc d ki fvSaomvD;acsmif ;juD;ud k zifaygufxJ_rKy f0ifvmatmif

rdr d>wifyg;juD;tm;zdcsoGyfoGif;7rnfhtvkyfud k ajumufvnf;ajumuf

onf? wpfcs de fwnf;rSmyif vkyfvnf;vkyfjunhfcsifonf?

a':xm;7i fr Sm zifvd k ;c H7onf htajumif ;r sm;ud k wpfp Ge f ;wp

jum;odxm;c J haomfvnf; ud k<fwd ki fud k<fuswpfcgr Szi fvd k ;rc Hc J hbl ;yg?

zifvd k;c H7efrqd kxm;bd? zifaygufud kukwf_cpfuvday;_cif;? vufacsmif;

_zif hxd k ;xnfh_cif;rs d K ;yif rcHzl;cJ hay?

ud katmifxl;u Ed k hoD;acgif;rsm;ud kud ki fwG<fyGwfoyfay;rS Kajumif h

vnf; 7rufaZmawGyd kxefaeonf_zpf7m a':xm;7ifonfajumufajumuf

ESi f hyif wifyg;juD;ud katmufod k htomzdcsvd kufonf? xd kod k hz dcs7mwGif

zifjuD;ud ka0hum0d kufum0ef;umvSKyf<rf;_yD;rS tomt<mzdcsvd kuf_cif;

_zpfonf?

wifyg ;qH k juD ;atmufod k he dr f husvmonfE Si f h zi f0wGi fususee

1 2 5

awhaxmufxm;_yD; _zpfaomvD;acsmif;juD;onf zifaygufxJod k htomyif

wd k ;0ifoGm;onf? Todk hzifxJvD;0ifoGm;onfud kjunfh7if; _r<rif;>

tzkwfxJut7nfjunfawG t7rf;ud kp d kvmonf? aoG;qlum7rufyd kx

vmonf?

zi f0wGi fapmuf7nfjunfrsm;p d k@ $ Jaeatmi fokwfvdr f ;xm;onf h

t_yif ud katmifxl;uvnf;vufacsmif;ESp facsmif;yl;xd k ;xnfhumay;xm;

aomajumif h vD;0ifvrf;utawmfud ka_zmif honf? vD;xdyfyd ki f ;'pf_yJjuD;

ptd k0usOf;usOf;av;ud kxd k ;azgufum zifacgif;aygufxJwd k;0ifonf?

v D ;t0i fa _zmi f h aom fvnf ; c H7c su fuawm hroufomvSy g ?

atmif hIemvSonf? zif0rSmvnf;usde f;IoGm;onf? xdkajumif ha':xm;

7ifonf rsufESmav;@S H K hr J hum wuÈwfuÈwfpkyfoyfumnnf;vd kufrdonf?

wifyg;qH kjuD;ud kvnf; atmufod k hz drcsawmhyJ acwW7yfwef hvd kufonf?

qufIzdcs _y D ;zi fxJvD;y k d0i fvmygu emjuifr S Ka0'emyd kI_yif ; _yrnf_zpf

aomajumif h acwWem;ae_yD;rSw_znf;_znf;csif;qufzdcsay;7ef a':xm;

7ifu pdwful;xm;onf?

zi fxJvD ;0i fvmonfr Sm emjuifvSaomfvnf; xl; _cm;aom

umrt7omuvnf; 'Ge fwG JIyg0ifvmaeonfud k a':xm;7ifodonf?

xd k h _yi fud katmifxl;>tvk dqENud kvnf;_iif ;y<fEl di fonf hp Gr f ;tm;r@S daom

1 2 6

ajumif h zifxJvD;tqHk;0ifatmifzdcsay;7rnfud k em;vnfonf?

ud katmifxl;rSmrl usOf;juyfvSaomzifaygufav;xJod k h ol hvD;

wefwkwfwkwfjuD;> xdyfzsm;'pf_y JjuD;wd k ;0ifoGm;_yD;aemuf 7ifzd karm

z G< f7mtwd _y D ;aom umrt7omud kt_ywfc Hpm ;v d ku f7onf _zp f7m

tcs de fjumjumapmif hraeEd li fawmh?

E d k ho D ; r s m ;u d k y Gw f ac suv daeaomvufu d k atmu fo d k h a@ $ hum

a':xm;7if>wifyg;qH ktay:yd ki f ;ud kcyfwif;wif;qkyfud ki fum atmufod k h

q G J< lc sonf? w_y d Ki feufwnf ;r Smyi f ol>zi fa _ymi f ju D ;u d kvnf ;

aumhxd k;wifvd kufonf?

enf;enf;awmh7ufpuf7musoGm;onf?

ud katmifxl;>cyfjurf;jurf;_yKrlvd kufrS Kajumif h vD;acsmif;juD;

wpfacsmif;vH k ;enf;yg;yif zifaygufxJwd k ;0ifoGm;avawmhonf?

Þ trav;av;- -aoyg_yD- -tm; ß

emjuifvGe f ;vSaomajumif h a':xm;7ifonfatmf[pfnnf;!l

r donf? emjuifr S Koufomvd koufom_im;_zif h wifyg;qH kjuD;ud ktay:

1 2 7

odk h _yefjuGwifvd kufonf? vD;uw0ufausmfausmf_yefxGufoGm;onf?

Þ t7rf;xd k ;rxnfhyge J hud katmifxl;7<f? @Sif hvD;juD;uodyfjuD;

wm- -emw<f@Si f h emw<f uÈwfuÈwf ß

a':xm;7ifunnf;!l7if; awmif;yef@Smonf?

ud katmifxl;u a':xm;7if>wifyg;qH kjuD;ud kcyfwif;wif;ud ki f

xm;onfhvufrsm;ud k ae7ma_ymif;vd kuf_yefonf?

nmvufu a':xm;7i f>E d k ho D ;r sm ;u d kz sp f! Sp fuvdqG Jonf?

b<fvufuawmh a':xm;7if>apmufzkwfud kE S d Kufonf? vuf!S d K ;ud k

apmufacgi f ;xJxd k ;ar $ay;um vufruawmh apmufaphud kuavmfay;

onf?

Ed k hoD;| apmufaphESif hapmufacgif;wd k hud k w_ydKifwnf;cyfjurf;jurf;

uvday;vd kufI a':xm;7ifwpfa<muf @S de f ; _r_rE Si f hwke fwcd kufc d kuf

_zpfoGm;c d kuf zifa_ymifjuD;ud kqG Jwifum vD;acsmi f ;juD;ud ktrs d K ;orD;

juD;zifaygufxJaqmif hum xdk;aumhoGif;vd kufonf?

Þ yvGyfbk- -bGyf ß

1 2 8

Þ tm;yg;yg;- -udkatmifxl;7J h [if h ß

a':xm;7if>nnf;oHoJ hoJ hay:xGufvm_yefonf?

xd knnf;oHr Sm apmapmuESi f hrwlawmhy J ta_ctaewpfrs d K ;

a_ymif;oGm;onfud k _r<rif;owdxm;rdonf?

apmapmutoHu emjuifvGef;vSInnf;vd kufoH? <cktoHu

emjui fr S KE S i f htwl xl ; _cm ;aomt7ompnf ;p dr fc Hpm ;7aomajumi f h

ay:xGufvmonfhtoH?

rmvmwif>vuf!S d K ;r Sm _r<rif;>apmufzkwfxJ xdk;oGif;_yef

xkwfESi f h aumif;aumif;juD;vSKyf@ Sm;Iaeonf? tzkwfxJrS<d kp dr f hxGuf

usaeaomapmuf7nfjunfcÈ Jc È Jr sm;ajumi f h rmvmwif>vufacsmi f ;

toGi f ;txkwftvGe facsmarG hum a@SmueJa@SmueJ_zpfonf? _r<rif;

tzk d h tawGhtm@k Hud k b<fvd kr SrcHEd li f? rxdef;odrf;Ed li f?

rdr d Ø_yD;× awmhrSmygvm;[k _r<rif;odonf? [if h- -b<fvd k

vJuG<f? 7ifxJzd kvd kufwm? rmvmwifuom onfvd krs d K ;jumjumav;

qufvkyf7if _r<rif;tzd k h Ø_yD;× oGm;7awmhrSmyg?

1 2 9

_r<rif ;vnf; rsufvH k ;av;apmi f ;i J hum rmvmwifbufod k h

junf honf? rmvmwifonf nmvuf_zi f h _r<rif ;>tzkwfE S d Kufum

xd k ;uvdae7i f ; b<fvufuawm h olr>aygi f jum;ud kE S d Ku fv#uf

@S donf?

_r<ri f ;>rsufvH k ;tjunf hu rmvmwif hay gi f jum;od k htxd

a7mufoGm ;onf? rmvmwif>aygi fc G jum;wGi f tar $ ;E kE kav;r sm ;

aygufp_yKae_y D _zp faomtzkwfr Sm azgi f ;juGumt7nfawGp d kaeonfud k

_ri f7onf? rmvmwif>vuf!S d K ;onf t7nfjunfawGp d k@ $ Jaeaom

apmufacgif;aygufxJod k h 0ifoGm;vd kuf_yefxGufvmvdkufESi f h _zpfaeonf?

_r<rif;onf tjunfhud k _yefv$ Jum wpfbufcef;xJod k hqufI

acsmif;junhfvd kuf_yefonf?

wpfbufcef;xJwGifawmh a':xm;7ifwpfa<mufrSm zifvk d ;c H7

wmudk t_ywfud kc d kufum| zDvifawGt7rf;wufIaeav_yD- -?

1 3 0

a':xm;7if[m aumif;aumif;juD;zifZdr fc HwwfoGm;_yD? zifvd k ;

c H7wJ ht7om[m tzkwftvd k ;c H7wmeJ hrwlyJ odyfud kxl;uJaumif;r Ge f

wmud kvnf; odoGm;_yD?

tckqd k7i f ud katmifxl;taeeJ h atmufuae_y D ;zi fa_ymifjuD;

juGvd k haumhxd k ;wifay;p7mawmifrvd kawmhbl;? a':xm;7ifud k<fwd ki fu

tay:uae_yD; wifyg;juD;ud kjuGwifvd kuf| Ed Sr f hcsvd kufeJ hvkyfay;aewm?

vD;juD;uawmh zifaygufxJwd k;0ifoGm;vk duf| _yefxGufvmvdkufayg h?

ud katmifxl;u olhvufESpfbufud kyJ aumif;aumif;tvkyfay;

aewm? a':xm;7if7J hE d k hoD;acgif;awG7<f| apmufapheJ hapmufzkwf7<fud k

t_ywfud ki fwG<fuvday;aeav7J h?

wu<fawmhtcktaetxm;u ud katmifxl;7 J hp dwfjudKuftae

txm;r[kwfbl;? wpfbufce f ;r Smaumifrav;awGacsmi f ;junf hae7if

_ri fu Gi f ; aumi f ; _y D ; zi fx Jv D ;0i fwmxGu fwma7m | ^Smju Gaew J h

apmufz kwfjuD;y Gus<fus<f_zp faewmud ky g txif;om;t@Si f ;om;_ri f

Ed li fapzd k hom 7nf@G<f_yD;vkyfaewm?

ud katmi fxl ;u rde f ;rud kzi fvd k ;7i f ' l ;wkwfzi faxmi fc d ki f ; _y D ;

7u f7u fa7ma7maqmi f hv d k ;7r S ausey fwm? tc kv d k atmufuae

1 3 1

Ed k hoD;yGwf| tzkwfES d Kuf| apmufaphacsvkyfae7wmudk tm;r7zl;?

' ga jumi f htaetxm;u d k a _ymi f ; _y D ; p dw fw d k i f ;u szi faqm fz d k h

qH k ; _zwfvd kuf_y D?

Þ rxm;- - ß

Þ @Sif- - ß

Þ zifvd k ;wm ZdrfawG hae_yDr[kwfvm; ß

Þ tif;- - ß

Þ 'gqd k ' l ;wkwf _y D ;zi faxmifay;vd kuf? ' Dxufy d k _y D ;Z dr fawG h

atmif zifaqmfay;r<f ß

zifvd k ;c H7wmaumif;r Se f ;odaewJ ha':xm;7if[m ESp fcga_ymp7m

rvdkawmhygbl;? udkatmifxl;pum;qH k;w<fqd k7ifyJ wifyg;juD;ud ktom

ju Gwi f _y D ; zi fx JuvD ; ju D ; _y Kw fx Gu fo G m ;atmi fv ky fv d ku fw<f ?

wuwJAsm? zifaygufxJuvD;wefjuD;uÈwfxGufoGm;wJ htcg ØyvGy f

bkbGy f × qd kwJ htoHu cyfus<fus<fjuD;ud k _rnfoGm;wmyJ? jum;

1 3 2

vdkuf7wJh _r<rif;e J hrmvmwifwd k hawmh 7ifawGyef;awGawmifwkefvd k h?

o lwd k hq7mr ar G h7may:r Smususee' l ;wkwf _y D ; ziy l ;awmi f ;

axmifvd kufwmudk aumifrav;ESpfa<mufu rsufawmifrcwfwrf;ud k

pl;pd kufjunfhaejuw<f?

ud katmifxl;uvnf; tcs de fqd ki f;raeygbl;? olhud k<fwk di fvnf;

vH k;juD;aygufvSarmfv_rdKi foljuD;ud k y<fy<fe<fe<fzifaqmfypfcsifae

wmr[kwfvm;?

zifaxmifay;vd kufw<fqd k7ifyJ ud katmifxl;u a':xm;7if7J h

zi fjuD;aemufr Sm 'l ;axmuf_y D ;ae7m<lw<f? zifom;_zL_zLtdtdjuD;

E Sp f _cr f ;ud k vufESp fbufe J htomqG J _z J _y D ; _y JtmxGufoGm;wJ hptd k0r Sm

vD;ud kawhw<f? awh_yD;wmeJ hcg;ud ktomaumh_yD; vD;juD;ud k _znf;_znf;

csi f;z dxd k ;oGif;w<f?

td k- -bma_ymaumif;rvJ? vrf;ajumif;yGi f hae_yD_zpfwJ hzifacgif;

aygufxJudk vD;wefjuD;wtdtdeJ hw7pfcsif;wpfwpf_yD; _rKyf0ifoGm;wmaygh?

a':xm;7i f[m wuÈwfuÈwfp kwfoyfnnf;7i f ; zi f juD ;ud k

aumhwufvmwmyJ? nnf;omnnf;w<f? toGif;7yfz d k h | _yefxkwfzd k h

1 3 3

ud kawmh wpfc Ge f ;ra_ymbl;? zifxJvD;oGi f ;pr Sm tonf;c d kufatmif

emayr<f h vD;tqH k ;0i f _y D ;oGi f ;xkwfvS Ky f@ Sm;w<fqd kwmeJ h emjuifr S K

_yGe f;wJ humrt7omxl;ud k cHpm;7r<fqd kwm a':xm;7ifodw<fav?

_zpfEd li frnfqd k7if pkwfoyf_yD;awmifrnnf;csifygbl;? 'gayr<fh

0ifvmwJhvD;'^fajumif h emjuif_yD;atmif hwJ ha0'emu _yif;_yvGef;wm

ajumif h rcsKyfwnf;Ed li fy J atmf[pfnnf;!lrdwmyg?

ud katmifxl;u wifyg;qH ktdtdjuD;ud k vufeJ htm;7yg;7qG Jud ki f

_y D ;wtdt dx d k ;o Gi f ;v d ku fwm aemufqH k ;r S m 12vufrausm f@ Sn f _y D ;

bD<moHbl;cG Havmufud ktvHk;wkwfwJhvD;wefrnf;rnf;wkwfwkwfxGm;xGm;

juD;wpfacsmi f ;vH k ; a':xm;7if7 J h _zLE kaewJ hptd kxJtuke f0i foGm;ygawmh

w<f?

Þ vD;tqHk;0ifoGm;_yD rxm; ß

zifaygufxJtukef0ifoGm;_yD_zpfwJ hvD;ud ktompdrfxm;_yD; t7om

cH7if;ud katmifxl;ua_ymw<f? zify l ;awmif;axmifay;xm;7vd k hum;td

wif;7i f ;aewJ hwifyg;qH k juD;ud kvnf; vufz0g;e J htomyGwfjunf hvd kuf

ao;w<f?

1 3 4

Þ [kwf- -[kwfuJ h- -zifxJrSm_ynf hodyfaewmyJ ß

a':xm;7i fuvnf;^SmoHt_ynf he J h wke fwcd kufc d kuf _ye fta_z

ay;w<f?

Þ aqmif hvd k ;r<faemf- - ß

Þ udkatmifxl;oabmygyJ- - ß

'Dawmhud katmifxl;u vD;ud kw0ufomomavmufqG Jxkwfvd kuf|

tm;xnfh _y D ;qwfueJaqmif hoGi f ;vd kufe J h _znf;_znf;r Se fr Se fwpfcsufcsi f ;

aqmif hvd k;w<f?

aqmi f hc sv d ku fw d k i f ;a':xm;7i f[m ti f hue J[i f hue J _zp f _y D ;

zifjuD;awG<rf;cgoGm;w<f? av;ig;q<fcsufavmufvnf;aqmif h_yD;a7m|

onfvd kwp fc sufc si f ; _znf ; _znf ;r Se fr Se faqmi f hay;wmud ky J a':xm;7i f

tm;r7Ed li fatmif_zpfvmw<f?

Þ aqmi f h y gu d k atmi fx l ;7 J h cy f _ re f _ re f e J h cy f _ yi f ; _ yi f ; av;

aqmif hvd k ;ay;prf;yg ß

1 3 5

a':xm;7ifu r@SufrajumufEd li fy J zGif h[awmif;qd kvmw<f?

ud katmifxl;tjudKufayg h? cg;odrfodrfav;ud k!Syfud ki f _y D; 7uf7ufa7m

a7mudkaqmif hvd k;awmhwmygyJ? wbGyfbGyfvD;0ifoHawGeJ htwl a':xm;7if

7J ht7omawGh_yD;a7@GwfoHawGu pnf;csufnDnDay:xGufvmygawmhw<f?

Þ bGyfyvGyf- -bkbGyf- -bkbGyf ß

Þ tm;yg;yg;- -udkatmifxl;7J h bGyf ß

Þ aumif;vd kufwm@Si f h- -aqmif hy g wtm;aqmif hvd k ;pr f ;yg

- -[if;[if;- -bGyf tm;- -bGyf tif h ß

ud katmifxl;uvnf; wtm;aqmif hvd k ;ay;7if;- -

Þ tckvd kzifaxmif_yD;aqmfwmu yd kaumif;wmayg h? tckaersm;

ci fAsm;7 J hc smwdwfrwpfa<mufa<mufvnf; usKy fwd k he J htwlwl@ S dae7if

yd kraumif;bl;vm; ß

a':xm;7ifu bmr#_yefra_ymyg? od k haomfa':xm;7if>zifqH k

juD;yd kIvSKyf@ Sm;a0h<rf;vmonfud kawmh _r<rif;wd k hawG hju7onf?

1 3 6

Þ [d kc smwdwfrav;a<mufxJu b<fwpfa<mufud kci fAsm;

tz kw f7u fay ;c si fovJ ? tc kv d k ci fA s m ;u d ku s Ky fuvd k ; ay ;ae7i f ;

cifAsm;uvnf;tJ'Dcsmwdwfrud k tzkwf7ufay;ayg h raumif;bl;vm; ß

ud katmifxl;u xyfar;_yefonf?

xd kta_ymonf 7rufaZmawGxefaeavaoma':xm;7ifud kyi f

tawmfav;@SufajumufoGm;aponf?

a':xm;7ifonf xlxlylyl_zpfum| rsufESmyiftxm;7cufaom

ajumif h rsufE Smud kacgi f ;tH k ; jum;od k hwd k ;0 Sufxm;vd kufonf? Ttcg

ud k<ftxufy d ki f ;u yd k _ym;usv#uf zi fqH k juD ;y d kaum haxmi fvm_y D ;

u d k atmi fx l ;twGu f zi fac gi f ; ay gu fx Jv D ;wtm;aqmi f ho Gi f ;z d k hv d k h

y d kIaumif;oGm;aponf?

Þ [d k bd ku_ym;rav;aumb<f hE S<fvJ? Ed k h juD ;juD;wifqH k

um;um;aumifrav;av ß

udkatmifxl;u ar;_yefonf?

a':xm;7ifbmr#_ye fra_ym? aqmif hc sufrsm;ajumif h tif hueJ

1 3 7

[ifhueJtouf@SLrSm;aeonf?

Þ rsufrSefe J ha<mufsm;@Smvd kvd kaumifrav;a7m? tJ'Daumifrav;

u abmf'Dawmhtawmif hom;aemf ß

Þ udkatmifxl;7<f- -tJvd krs d K ;awGra_ymygeJ h@ Si f- -raumif;

ygbl;- -@Sifar;wmawGud kvnf; uÈefrbmr#_yefra_ymcsifbl; ß

a':xm;7ifu acgif;tH k ;ay:wd k;0Sufxm;7mrS rsufESmud kjuGum

aemufod k hi J hjunfh_yD;a_ymonf?

a':xm;7if>frsufESm_yifay:wGif @Suf@G H hr S KawGt_ynf h<Sufoef;

aeonfud k rde f;uav;ESpfa<muftuJcwfrdjuonf?

Þ od_y D- -od_y D- -cifAsm;u [d kti<fqH k ;aumifrav;7J h

apmufz kw fu d k7u fay;c si fwmud k ;- -qHyi f@ Sn f@ Sn f | @ ky fac smac sm

aumifrav;av ß

Ttar;pum;rSm _r<rif;>tem;wGif rd k ;judK;ypfcsvd kufovdk

_zpfonf? _r<rif;tjuD;tus<fud kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;oGm;onf? a'goxGuf

onf? cH_yif;onf? _yD;awmh- - -?

1 3 8

aoG;om;awGvnf; ylavmifqlyGufvmjuonf?

a':xm;7ifbm_yefa_ymavrnfenf;[k _r<rif;updwfvSKy f@ Sm;

pGmem;pGi f honf? jumjumawmhrapmif h7yg?

ud katmifxl;uxdkar;cGe f;ud kar;7if; a':xm;7if>zifaygufxJod k h

o l hv D ;acsmi f ; juD ;ud k wtm;uke faqmi f ho Gi f ;vd kuf7m a':xm;7i fr Sm

acgif;armhzifaumhum tif hueJtouf@SLrSm;oGm;@Smonf?

a':xm;7ifonf toufud kjudK;pm;@SLvd kuf_y D ; 7rufxef_yif;

vSonfhta_zpum;ud k a7@Gwfa_ymqd konf?

Þ cpfcpfcpf wu<fhvljuD;y J- -@Si fub<fvk dvky f _y D ;odae

wmvJ? _r<rif;ud kuÈefroabmusaew<fqd kwmud k @Sifodaew<fayg h?

[kwfvm;- -tm;yg ;y g ;- -aqmi f hpr f ;y g- -uÈe frzi fxJud kwtm;

aqmi f hv d k ; ay ;pr f ;y gaem f - -[i f h[i f h - -uÈe frav _r<ri f ;7 J h

apmufzkwfud k odyf7ufay;csi fwmyJ? ol hud kaumif;aumif;t7omawG h

oGm;atmif aumif;aumif;juD;7ufay;csifw<f- - ß

xk dtcs de fw Gi f olr>ud k<fxJ@ S daoG ;om;r sm ;onf t7r f ;ud k

vSKy f@ Sm;aeum Ø_yD; × vkvkta_ctaers d K ; _zpfvmjuonfud k _r<rif;

1 3 9

odonf? a':xm;7ifzifvd k ;c Hae7wmudk enf;enf;avmufqufjunfh_yD;

rmvmwif>tzkwfuvday;wmud k acwWr#qufcHvd kufv#i f _r<rif;

t_ynfht0juD;ud k Ø_yD;× oGm;7rSmrvG J?

o d k h aom f a' :xm ;7i f>pum;r s m ;u _r<ri f ;>em ;x Jo d k h

uef hvef hjuD;ud k0ifvmaejuonf? Tae7mrSmjumjumqufaeEd li fonfh

pGrf;tm;aumifrav;wGifr@S dawmh?

_r<rif;onf qwfueJx7yfum ab;od k hz<fxGufvd kufonf?

TwGifolrapmufzkwfxJrS rmvmwif>vuf!S d K ;onfvnf; uÈwfxGuf

oGm;onf? Ø_yD;× vkvkta_ctaewGifrd k h tzkwfrSm@Gpd@ Gp d _zpfaeonf?

rmvmwifu_r<rif;ud k vSrf;Izufrnf_yKonf?

Þ rxdeJ h ig hud krxdeJ h ß

_r<rif;ucyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymonf? a'got7rf;xGufum pdwfawG

odyfud kvS Ky f@ Sm;aecs de f _zpfonf hwd ki f rdr dwd k h>pum;oHrsm;ud k wpfbuf

cef;rSrjum;7atmif_yKzd k hud kawmh _r<rif;odaeygao;onf?

_r<rif ;onf uÈwfuGmusaeaomt0wftpm;rsm;ud kaumuf

1 4 0

<lum uref;uwef;0wfonf?

Þ eifb<foGm;rvd k hvJ <rif; ß

rmvmwifu wD;wd k ;ar;onf?

Þ ig hbmomigb<foGm;oGm; ß

rmvmwifonf olr>t0wfawGud k _yefaumuf0wfonf?

_r<rif;u t7ifqH k ;t0wfawG0wf_y D ;oGm;onf? t0wfawG

0wf_yD;onfESi f h _r<rif;onf tcef;t_yifod k hw@S de fwd k ;a_y;xGufoGm;onf?

xd ktcs de fwGi frmvmwifr Sm xrDE Si f hb7mpD<mwd k hud kpnf;aE Smi f

0wfqif_y D ; tay:0wf@ Sy ftuôsud k pGy fcs@ k H@ S dao;onf? us<foD;yi f

rwwf7ao; ? rmvmwi fonf @ Sy ftu ô su s< fo D ;r s m ;wy f7i f ;yi f

_r<rif;>aemufod k ha_y;vk dufoGm;onf?

_ r<r i f ; r S m r su f 7n f aw Gu s 7 i f ; vy fu D ; a[ m fw< f

t _ y i f bu f o d k h t a 7 mu f c y f _ r e f _ r e f a _ y ; x G u f v m c J h on f ?

apmapmujum;cJ h7onfhpum;rsm;onf olr>em;xJwGif yJ hwifxyfatmif

1 4 1

_yefvnfjum;a<mifIaeonf? @Sufajumufxdwfvef haerSKESi f htwl Ø_yD;×

vkqJqJwGif a_y;xGufvmcJ h7aomajumif h qyfwiH hi H hE Si f humrpnf;pdrf

r_ynf hr0_zpfaerSKu odompGm'Ge fwG Jay:xGufIaeonf?

1 4 2

tcef;(4)

rmvmwif>vSr f ;ac:oHrsm;ud k _r<rif;jum;onf? od k haomf

aemufvSnf hrjunf h? qufIoma_y;aeqJ? _r<rif;onfa_y;ae7mrS

r7yfvd kyg? olronf wpfae7m7mrStvGwf@ke f ;um toufvka_y;ae

7ovdk_zpfaeonf?

olr>b0udk npf!l;zG<f7m_zpfaprnfh w^SmaZm7rufrsm;>

7pfywfvmaomtaESmi ftzG J hr S vGwfE d li f7e ftwGufa_y;ae_ci f ; _zp fonf

[kxifonf?

r÷av;_r d K h>vlpnfum;aomvrf ;rjuD ;twd ki f ;a _y;v$m;ae7i f ;

_r<ri f ;>em;xJwGi f a':xm;7i f>7ruf _yi f ; _yi f ;E Si f ha _ymvd kufaom

pum;oHrsm;u yJ hwifxyfatmif_yefjum;a<mifaeonf?

Þ u|e frav- -,rif;7 J h apmufz kwfud ko dy f7ufay;csi fwmyJ? ol hu d k

aumif;aumif;t7omawG hoGm;atmif aumif;aumif;juD;7ufay;csifw,f ß

Tpum;rsm;u _r<rif;>Eke<faompdwf"gwfuav;ud k 0g;rs d K

avmif_r d Kufaeonf? xd kpum;rsm;ud ka_ymjum;vd kufonf ha':xm;7if>

toHonf 7rufaZmawG_ynf hv# Haeonf? w^Smcd k ;awG<Sufaeonf?

1 4 3

xdk h _yifxd kpum;rsm;ud kjum;vd kuf7onfh_r<rif;>aoG;om;rsm;onfvnf;

q la0aomi f ;u se f ;vmonf ? @ Su f@ G H hx dw fve f ho G m ;onf h jum ;uyi f

a':xm;7if>@Sm_zif h rdrdtzkwfud k7ufay;vmonfud k cHcsifonfhp dwfrsm;

axmif;ueJxonf?

Tvdk_zpf7aompdwfud k _r<rif;tvGef@ G Hr ke f ;onf? xd kae7mwGif

jumjumqufaerdv#if Tpdwfud krxde f ;e d li fy J _zpfuke fr Smp d k ;aomajumif h

i d k<d kumtwif;xGufa_y;vmcJ h _cif;_zpfonf?

Þ a[h<ri f ; 7y fpr f ; bmvd k ht7r f ;av#mufa_y;aewmvJ?

um;twdkufcH7vdrf hr<f ß

ta _y ;v d ku fvmaomrmvmwi fonf _r<ri f ;u d k r do G m ; _y D ;

vufarmi f ;u d kqwfue Jq ky fzr f ;onf? _r<ri f ;u twif ;@ ke f ;ue f

ao;onf ? o d k h aom frmvmwi fon f _r<ri f ;xufoe fp G r f ;on f ?

_y D ;awmh ~sL' d ku7maw;awGud kvnf; avhusi f hxm;ol? ausmi f ;>

u7maw;cse fy D<H? onfawmh _r<rif ;b<fr Smv#i fvGwfatmif@ ke f ;E d li f

ygrnfenf;?

Þ pdwfat;at;xm;prf;? vlrsm;awGeif hud k0 d ki f ;junfhaeju_yD? ß

1 4 4

rmvmwif>a_ympum;onf _r<rif ;>@S Ky faxG ;aeaomp dwf

tm@k Hud kvS Ky fE S d K ;vk dufovd k _zp fonf? _r<rif;onf tajumuftuef

@ke f;uef_cif;r_yKawmh? tenf;i<f_idr foGm;onf? rmvmwifu _r<rif;

ud ktomav;qG Jac:um _r<rif ;vnf; tvd kufoif hyi fav#mufvSr f ;

vd kufygvmcJ honf?

pdwftenf;i<fwnf_idrfp_yKae_yD_zpfaomfvnf; @SKyfaxG;aeaom

tm@k HawGuawmh yaysmufroGm;ao;? txl;o_zi f h a':xm;7i f>

tmomirf;irf;_zif h ud katmifxl;_yKor#cHaeyH k | ud katmifxl;>vD;juD;ud k

tm;ygw7pkyfay;cJ hy H k | xd kaemuf'l;wkwfumzifaxmifay;v#uf udkatmif

xl;vD;juD;zifacgif;aygufxJwd k;0ifvmonfud k wtD;tD;nnf;7if;cHaecJ hy H k

wd k hr Sm _r<rif;>pdwftm@k HxJwGifay:vGifaeqJ? _r<rif;tzd k h ajumuf

vef hwkefvSKyfr S KE Si f h<pfrl;7Da0rSKwd k hud k w_ydKi feufyifcHpm;ae7avonf?

twefav#mufvSrf;rdaomtcg yef;_cHwpfckod k ha7mufvmjuonf?

rmvmwifu_r<rif;ud ktomqGJum yef;_c HtwGif;od k h0ifvmcHonf?

yef;_c HxJod k ha7muf@S dI vSyar$;judKi faomyef;yifrsm;| pdrf;p k daom

_rufcif; | a7yef;a7r$m;ponfwd k hud k _ri f7awmh _r<rif;>pdwftawmf

av;wnfwnf_idr f _i dr f@ S dvmonf?

1 4 5

Þ [m- -tawmfyJa[h- -[dkrSm rtdkif7if;eJ h<k<kwdk hr[kwfvm;ß

rmvmwifua_ymvd kuf7m _r<rif;tawmfav;0rf;omtm;wuf

oGm;onf? yef;_c Hwpfae7m@S dopfyifjuD;wpfyifatmufrSc ke fwef;ay:wGif

td ki f7if;ESi f h<k<karmfwd k hxk di faejuonfud k vSrf;awG h7onf?

td ki f7i f ;wd k huvnf; _r<rif ;ud k _ri foGm;onf? td ki f7i f ;a7m

<k<karmfygxd ki fae7mrSxum vufa0S h<rf;_yonf? _r<rif;ESi f hrmvm

wifwd k honf rwdki fyif7ygyJESi f h td ki f7if;wd k h@ S d7mod k h a_cvSrf;oGufoGuf

_zif hav#mufoGm;juonf?

tem;od k ha7mufoGm;rS td ki f7if;wd k hwGiftaz:@S daeonfud k owd

_yKrdjuonf? xdkolonf toufoH k;q<ft@G<fcef h@ S daoma<musfm;ys d K

wpfa<muf_zpfonf? t7yf_rif h _rif h | tom;vwfvwf| yde fyg;aomfvnf;

usp fvp foe frmaomud k< fvH k ;u d k< fxnf@ S donf? @ ky fuvnf;tawm f

om;em;onf? 0wfpm;xm;onfuvnf; tys Hpm;? rdausmi f ;py d k h@ Sy f

t!d kE ka7mi f | ~È d Ki f ;~ si f ;yi f | a0g hui f ;@ S L ;t_zL | vufwpfbufwGi f

a@$_zif h _yKvkyfxm;onfh cs de f;judK;av;yifywfxm;ao;onf?

Þ eifwd k hE Sp fa<mufvd kufvmjuvdrf hr<fvd k h igxifawmifrxif

bl ; ? b<fvk dv J wDc sm ha':xm;7i fud kp dw fy suf _y D ;x Gufvmjuw<f

1 4 6

xifyg7J h ß

td ki f7if;u cyf_rL;_rL;uav;a_ymonf? a':xm;7if>trnfud k

jum;vk duf7onfESif h a':xm;7if>7rufxef_yif;vSaomt_yKtrlrsm;ud k

_yefowd7um _r<rif;rSmrsufESm7JueJ_zpfonf?

Þ uJ- -rdwfqufay;7tH k;r<f- -'D OD;u OD;7efyd ki fp d k ;wJ h?

pwD7D<d koDcsi f;qd kw<f- -AD' D<d kvnf;@k dufaewJ h rif;om;wpfa<muf

yJ- - ß

td ki f7i f ;u cyfjuGm;juGm;av;r dwfqufay;onf? pwD7 D<d k

tqd kausm fA D' D< d kri f ;om;qd kaomajumi f h _r<ri f ;E Si f hrmvmwifwd k h

E Sp fa<muftxifjuD;aomrsufvH k ;r sm;E Si f h 7e fy d ki fp d k ;ud k junf hvd kufju

onf?

Þ OD;a7- -'gu tdki f7if;oli<fcsif;awGav? olu- -_r<rif;

olu- -rmvmwif- - ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u awmufyaomt_yHK;wpfcsuf_yH K;um- -

Þ wd k hu oDcsi f ;qd k _y D ;A D' D<d k@ k dufaeayr<f h emrnfawmhody f

1 4 7

rjuD;vSao;ygbl;? tif;- -judK;pm;ae7qJvd k hy Jqd k7rSmayg h? ajomf- -

td ki f7i f ;a_ym_yvd k h ri f ;wd k hr÷av;a7mufvm_y D ; vnfz d k hywfz d k hcufae

wmudk wd k hod7ygw<f? tif;- -rdef;uav;awGcsnf; onfvk dav#muf

oGm;aejuvdk huvnf; odyfraumif;bl;av ß

Þ [Gef h- -bm_zpfvk d hvJOD;7? td ki f7if;wd k htcktm;vH k ;av;a<muf

ay gi f ;r d ju_y Dy J[m? bmr sm ;a jumufp7m@ S dv d k hv J ? t d k i f7i f ;w d k hu

onfavmufawmhvJ oGm;wwfvmwwfygw<faemf ß

Þ rif;wd k hroGm;wwfrvmwwfbl;vd k h wd k hra_ymbl;av- -[dk

b<fvd ka_ymrvJ- -q7mra':xm;7ifu rif;wd k h7 J hacgif;aqmifqd kawmh

y d ku fq Hud kvnf ; oluy Jx de f ;o dr f ;xm;r<fr[kwfvm;? vnfw<f

ywfw<fqd kwmuvnf; ai Gav;aju;av;vufud ki f@ S daer S aumi f ;

wmr[kwfvm;? tJ'gud kwd k hua_ymwmyg ß

td ki f7if;onf 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud k rsufeufav;a'gif huyfumjunfhvd kuf

_y D ;aemuf tomav;a@S hod k hwd k ;uyfvd kufonf? td ki f7i f ;>rd k h0e f ;aom

7ifom;qd ki fwpfbuf 7efy d ki fp d k ;>b<fvufarmif;ud krxdwxdESi f hxdae

onfud k _r<rif;owd_yKvd kufrdonf?

Þ tvdkav;- -aiGrsm;rsm;rygayr<fh aysmfp7m_zpfatmifvnfywf

1 4 8

Ed li fr<f henf;@S dygw<faemf ß

Þ b<fvd krsm;vJtd ki f7if;7J h a_ymprf;ygtH k ; ß

Þ OD;rSmawmh tdrf@ S dygw<faemf [kwf7J hvm; ß

Þ [m- -@S dwmayg h? awmif_rd K htxGufem;rSmyJ? bmvJ rif;wd k hu

wd k h7 J htdrfud kvk dufvnfr<fpdwful;vd k hvm;? 'Dvd kvkyfvd k hvnf;_zpfyg hrvm;?

wd k hu rif;wd k he J hwpdrf;awGvd k _zpfaewmyJ? odju7wmuvnf; bmjum

ao;vdk hvJ ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u tdki f7if;ud kp d kufjunfhuma_ymae7mrS usefrde f;uav;

oH k;a<mufud kyg rsufpda0humjunfhvd kuf_yD;- - -

Þ O D ;u tdr ftvnfvd ku fz k d h z dw fw<fxm;t H k ; ? ri f ;w d k hu

vd kvd kvm;vm;e J hv d ku fvmE d li f jur Smvm;? O D ;uwtdr fvH k ;wp fa<muf

wnf;aewmaemf ß

xd kar;cGe f ;r Sm pdrfac:onfhoabmrs d K ; _zpfonf? rde f;uav;rsm;

ud k tuJprf;vd kuf_cif;[kvnf; qdkEd li fonf?

1 4 9

<k<karmfESi f hrmvmwifwd k hE Sp fa<muf acgif;av;iH k hoGm;juonf?

_r<rif;uawmh 7efyd ki fpd k ;ud kpl;pd kufumjunfhaeqJ? odk haomfyg;pyfuawmh

bmpum;r#a_ymrxGuf?

Þ td ki f7if;uawmh OD;zdwfac:r<fqd k7if vd kufcJ hr Smayg h ß

td ki f7i f ;uqG Jaqmifr S Kt_ynf hy gaomt_y H K ;av;_y H K ;um olr>

oabmxm;ud ka_ymvk dufonf?

xd kod k ha_ym7if; a@S hod k hvnf;tomwdk;vd kufonf? rxdwxd_zpf

aeaom7i fom;qd ki f ju D ;onf <ckawm h 7e fy d ki fp d k ;>vufarmi f ;u d k

ododomomjuD;yif tdueJxdoGm;onf?

7e fy d k i fp d k ;u td ki f7i f ;y kc ke f ;av;ud k cy fy d k i fy d k i fyi fo d k i f ;zuf

vdkufonf?

usefr de f ;uav;oH k ;a<mufwd k hr Sm tawmfud ktH hjooGm;juonf?

td ki f7if;>qHk; _zwfvkyfud ki fy H kE Si f h 7efyd ki fp d k ;>wk H h _yefr S Kwd k hu _refqefvS

onf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;>abmif ;bDc Gjum;z kz kxpfxpf _zp fvmonfud k olwd k h

_rifju7onf? vD;awmifae_cif;_zpfajumif; em;vnfjuonf?

1 5 0

7efyd ki fp d k ;onftd ki f7if;ud kac:oGm;_yD; bmvkyfawmhrnfqd k _cif;ud k

vnf;olwd k haumif;aumif;juD;rSe f;qod@S dE d li fonf?

Þ uJa[h- -igawmhOD;e J hvd kufoGm;awmhr<f? eifwd k hwawGvnf;

vk dufcsi fvd kufc J h rvd kufcsi fae? ig htwGufuawmh bmrStajumif ;

r[kwfbl; ß

td ki f7if;u oli<fcsif;roH k ;a<mufbufvSrf;junfh_y D; _ywf_ywf

om;om;yifa_ymonf?

<k<karmfE Si f hrmvmwifwd k honf csufcsi f ;yiftd ki f7if;ab;em;od k h

a7mufoGm ; juonf? _r<ri f ;wp fa<mufwnf ;om r lvae7mwGi f

usefcJ honf?

_r<rif;onf td ki f7if;wd k hE Si f htwlwlvd kufroGm;vd kyg? od k haomf

olrwpfa<mufwnf;usefaecJ h _y D; bmvkyf7rnfenf;? vyfuD;a[mfw<f

od k h _yefoGm;um a':xm;7ifESi f hud katmifxl;wd k h vd k;aeaqmfaejuwmudk

acsmif;junfh7rvm;? 'grSr[kwf r÷av;_rd K hxJwGif wpfa<mufwnf;

av#mufvdrf hae7rSmvm;?

_r<rif;tqHk;_zwf7cufaerSKud k <k<karmfu0ifa_z@Sif;ay;vd kuf

1 5 1

onf? <k<karmfonf _r<rif;tem;od k htomuyfvmum vufarmif;

wpfbufud kud ki fvd kuf_yD;- - -

Þ vmpr f ; y g<ri f ; 7m ? av;a<mu ftw lw l@ S d a ew J h Op P m ?

ei fuwpfa<mufxJc G J _y D ;c se fraecsi fpr f ;y ge J h ? igwk d he J htwlwlvd kufc J hy g?

ei f hbmomeifat;at;aecsi fw<fqd k7i fvnf; aeEd li fygw<f? eifp dwf

ryg7i fbmrSvky fp7mrvd ky gbl ;[- -b<folurSvnf; ei f hud ktwif;

tjuyftEd li fusif hr Smr[kwfygbl; vmyg- -vkdufcJ hprf;yg ß

Þ [ kw fom ;y J<ri f ;7 J h ? v k du fc J h y g ? <ri f ; ay s m f 7r S my g ?

<rif;rjudKufwmudk bmrSrvkyfygbl; ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u avoHat;at;ESif h0ifa_ymonf?

a _ymy H k r S m jui femr S K y g @ S d _ y D ; q G J aqmi ftm ;aumi f ;on f ?

_r<rif;onf7efyd ki fp d k ;ud k @SufpEd k ;trlt7m_zif hjunfhum acgif;av;ud k

tomndwf_yvd kufrdonf?

Þ aumif;_yD? rif;wd k hwawGyef;_c Ht_yifbufu um;7yfxm;wJ h

ae7mqDud kvmcJ hju? OD;um;ud ktoif hvkyf_yD;apmif haer<f ß

1 5 2

7e fy d ki fp d k ;ua_ymonf? xd kaemuftd ki f7i f ;>wify g ;vH k ;av;ud k

qwfueJy kwfvd kuf _y D ; a_cvSr f ;oGufoGuf _zi f hav#mufvSr f ;xGufoGm;

onf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;tae_zif h EkEki<fi<frde f;uav;wpfod kufESi f htwlwG Jum

yef;_c HxJrSxGufoGm;_cif;r_yKvd kI <ckvd kvkyfaqmif_cif;om_zpfajumif;

_r<rif;em;vnfvd kufonf?

_r<rif;wd k hvlp konf pum;wa_yma_ymESi f hye f ; _c HxJr SxGufvm

juum um;rsm;7yfxm;7mbufod k h av#mufvSrf;oGm;juonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;onf um;ud kolwd k hab;em;od k htomav;armif;vmonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;>um;rSm aAgufpf0<f~Ge f;t0ga7mifav;_zpfonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;u

td ki f7if;ud ka@S hcef;wGifae7may;um _r<rif;| rmvmwifESi f h <k<karmf

wd k hud kaemufcef;wGifxd ki faponf?

xdkaemufum;udk awmif_rdK hbufqDodk hOD;wnfum t@Sdef_yif;_yif;_zifh

armif;ESi favawmhonf?

1 5 3

7efy d ki fp d k ;>tdr fonf 0ef ;E Si f h _c HE Si f hoD ;oef h@ S daomtdr f _zp fonf?

wpfxyfwd kufykuav;? _cHuawmhtawmfav;us<fonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;onf

um;udktdrfa@ShwnfhwnfhwGif7yfonf? rdef;uav;rsm;onf tdrfvSyajumif;

7<farma_ymqd k7if; um;ay:rSqif;onf?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;u tdr fwHcg ;aomhud kz Gi f hay;vd kuf7m rmvmwifE Si f h

< k< karm fw d k huxdy fq H k ;utdr fx J0i fo Gm ; juonf? td ki f7i f ;uawm h

7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f hwG Jv#uf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;utd ki f7if;>cg;ud ky d ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fzufxm;

onf? td ki f7if;uvnf; 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud kcyfEG J hE G J hav;rS Dvd k h?

_r<rif ;onf aemufqH k ;r Syi f tdr fxJod k hvd kuf0i fvmcJ honf?

t_yi fr S junf hv#i fwp fxy fw k du f[ kxi f7aom fvnf ; txJwGi fawm h

txyfcd k ;@ S daeonfud kawG h7onf? tawmfav;vnf;oyf7yfoef h@ Si f;onf?

Þ uJ- -rif;wd k hoH k ;a<mufpdwfwd ki f;usaevd kufju [kwfvm;

OD;e J htd ki f7if;uawmh [dk- -udpPav;enf;enf;@S dvd k h ß

t dr fx J0i fr d _y D ;onfE Si f h 7e fy d k i f p d k ;ua_ymonf? xd kaemuf

td ki f7if;ud kwG Jzufum txyfcd k ;ay:od k hwufoGm;avawmhonf?

<k<karmfonf _r<rif;>ab;em;od k htomuyfvm_yD;- - -

1 5 4

Þ a[h- -<ri f ;- -olwd k htvky f _zp f jurvd k hvm;rodbl ; ?

rtd ki f7if;u 'DvljuD;cswmudkc Hyg hrvm; ß

<k<karmfu ajumifp Dp Dav;ar;vd kuf7m _r<rif;ryGi f hwyGi f h

_y H K ;vd kufonf?

Þ eifuvnf;w<f Øt× wmudk;? td ki f7if;u OD;vkyfwmudk

rc Hcsi f7i f bm_zpfvd k h' Dae7mud kvd kufvmrSmvJ? OD;7 J h[mjuD;awmifae

wmud kaum ei fowdr _y Kr dv d ku fb l ;vm;? tc kv d kta_ctaer s d K ;r S m

rt d ki f7i f ;up dw fa _ymi f ; _y D ; _ye fr<fv ky fwmawmi f O D ;uv$wfay;r S m

r[kwfbl;? 7atmifud k vkyfrSm{uefyJ ß

Tpum;rsm;ud kcyfat;at;a_ymcsvd kufEd li fonfhtwGuf _r<rif;

rSm rdrdud k<frdrdtH hjordonf? b<fae7muae_yD; owWdawG7vmygvdrf h?

1 5 5

td k i f 7i f ;q d kon f h aumi frav;onf toufi< faom fvnf ;

tawmfud ktawG htjuH K7i f husufrnf hr de f ;uav;_zp fajumif ; pawG hup

yif 7efyd ki fp d k ;r Se f ;qrdcJ honf? xd kajumif hvnf;vd kufum Øp× rdcJ h7mrS

<ckawmhtd ki f7if;omru taz:csmwdwfroH k;a<mufud kyg tdrfta7muf

Ør× vmEd li fc J hay_yD?

7efy d ki fp d k ;r Sm td ki f7if;ud kcscsi fp dwfawGt7rf;ud kwufjuGaeonf?

tdr fta7mufum;armi f ;vm7onfuyif jum_ri f hvSonf[kxifonf?

vd k ;csi fonfhp dwfrsm;ud k renf;ud kcs Ky fwnf;xm;um um;ud ka_zmif hatmif

jud K ;pm ;armi f ;c J h7onf? xd kajumi f ht dr fa7mufonfE Si f h vH k ;v H k ;u d k

tc s d e fq d k i f ;raeE d l i f awm hy J t d k i f7i f ;u d kt dy fce f ;@ S d 7mtxy fc d k ; ay:o d k h

csufcsif;ac:vmcJ h _cif;_zpfonf?

td ki f7i f ;ur_ii f ;wrf ;vd kufygvmawmh 7efy d ki fp d k ;ody fud kauseyf

oGm;onf?

tdyfcef;xJa7mufonfESif h 7efyd ki fp d k ;onf td ki f7if;ud kc Hwifapmif;

wGi ftomxd ki fc d ki f ;onf? xd kaemuftd ki f7i f ;>ab;em;wGi f tom;csi f ;

xdatmifyifuyfxk di fcsvd kuf_yD;- - -?

Þ tdki f7if;- - ß

1 5 6

tdki f7if;onf 7efy d ki fp d k ;ud kacgi f ;av;iJ humjunhf _y D ;wpfp H kwpf7m

a_ymrnf_yKonf? od k haomf td ki f7if;>yg;pyfrSpum;oHrxGuf? Øtif- -

tif[if- -× [kryDrotoHav;omxGufoGm;onf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;u tdki f7if;ud kZwfueJayG hzufum olr>ESKwfcrf;zl;z l;

uav;rsm ;ud k wtm;yi fz duy fp ky f<lvd ku faomajumi f h td ki f7i f ;r Sm

touf@SLawGrSm;oGm;7_cif;_zpfayawmhonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;onf td ki f7if;>ESKwfcrf;ud ktompkyferf;7if; vufawG

ud kvnf; aumif ;aumif ;tvky fay;onf? td ki f7i f ;0wfxm;aomtuôs

us<foD;rsm;ud k wpfc k _y D ;wpfc k _zKwfonf? _y D ;awmhtuôsud ktomyif

a_zcÈwfqG J<lonf?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;uÈr f ;usi fy H ku d k td ki f7i f ;up dwfxJr S judwfumcs D ;r Gr f ;

vd kufonf? 7e fy d ki fp d k ;onf ES Kwfcr f ;ud kr #i f ;ump ky f<l7i f ; td ki f7i f ;

0wfxm;aomtay:tuôsud k cÈwfcGmypfvd kuf_cif;_zpfonf? td ki f7if;r Sm

tay:y d k i f ;w Gi f b7mp D<mav;omuse fawm honf ? b7mp D<mud k

qufcÈwfavOD;rvm;[k td ki f7if;7ifwzd kz d k _zif hapmif hvif honf? od k haomf

7efyd ki fp d k ;u b7mpD<mudkrcÈwfyg? xrDud komtomyif a_zav#mcsonf?

xd kaemufES kwfcrf;csif;z duyfpkyferf;ae7mrS tomcGmonf?

1 5 7

tdki f7if;r Smarmvsvsav;_zpfuse faeqJrSmyif 7efy d ki fp d k ;onftxufqif

a_yav#mae_yD_zpfaom tdki f7if;>xrDud kuGif;vH k ;uÈwfatmifqG JcÈwfum

cHwifa_c7if;wef;ay:ypfwifvd kufonf? td ki f7if;>atmufyd ki f ;wGifvnf;

yifwDac:twGif;cHabmif;bDwd kav;om usefawmhonf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;onf cHwifatmufod k hqif;um ol hud k<fay:rSt0wf

tpm;rsm;ud k cyf_ref_refyifcÈwfypfonf? ~sif;yifESi f htwGif;cHqyfpyd ki f'g

wd k hud k t7ifqHk;cÈwfonf? 'guvnf;olh>rwfawmifaeavaomiyJacsmif;

juD;ud k aumifrav;_rifatmif_yvd kaomajumif hyif?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;vD;onf tawmfjuD;onf? t@Snf(8)vufromom

@S d _y D ; vH k ;ywfuawmh usyfvH k ;avmufwk fonf? xdyfzsm;ta7_ym;ud k

qG Jcsum'pfaz:xm;I vD;'pfjuD;onf _yJvefe D7 Jaeonf? td ki f7if;>

w^Smcd k ;a0aeaomrsufvH k;tjunfhonf xdkvdifacsmif;juD;ay:usa7muf

um pl;pd kufjunfhaeonf? td ki f7if;onfatmufES kwfcrf;ud k @Smzsm;ESi f h

tomoyfvk du fonf? xd kv di fac smi f ; juD ;E Si f htvd k ;c Hv d kp dw fr sm ;vnf;

wzGm;zGm;ay:vmonf?

td ki f7if;r Smtouf(17)ESp fom@S dao;aomfvnf; umrqufqHrS K

tawGhtjuH kr Smawmh omreftdrfaxmifonfrde f;rjuD;awGxufomonf?

vD;>t7omud k aumif ;aumif ;juD;odonf? vd k ;enf;rs d K ;p H kE Si f hvnf;

1 5 8

py f< Su fz l ; _y D ; _y D ? vD ;u d k a jumufp7m | @ G H p7m[krowfr Sw fawm h ?

cspfp7m| rufarmp7mt_zpfomoabmxm;onf?

ud k< fvH k ;w D ; _zp fo Gm ;atmi fc Èwfyp f _y D ;aemuf 7e fy d ki fp d k ;onf

c Hwi fay:od k hv Sr f ;wufvmonf? td ki f7i f ;uvnf ; tvd ku foi f hyi f

qD;judKumzufvdkufonf?

onfaemufwGifawmh 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f htd ki f7if;wd k honf wpfa<muf

ud kwpfa<mufwif;juyfpGmayG hzufv#uf ESKwfcrf;csif;awhum tirf;r7

yifpkyferf;juonf? wpfa<muf>yg;pyfxJod k h wpfa<mufu@Smxd k;xnfh

um uvdjuonf? wpfa<muf>@Smud k wpfa<mufut_yeftvSef

pkyf<lay;juonf?

o lw d k h E S p f a<mufv H k ; onfv d k7ruf _yi f ;onf hp ky f er f ;r S Kw Gi f

uÈrf;aeju7m tay;t<lodyfr#onf? ESpfO D;vH k ;t7omawGhjuonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;>rwfawmifaeaomvD;acsmif;juD;u td ki f7if;>yifwD

abmif;bDuav;cGqH kjum;ud k axmufrdaeonf? xdk;r daeonf?

abmif;bDcGjum;tom;av;um7H_cm;xm;aomfvnf; vD;acsmif;

juD;>aEG;axG;aomxdawGhrSKu tzkwfay:odk haumif;aumif;juD;oufa7muf

1 5 9

aeonf?

td ki f7if;7ifawGw'de f ;' de f ;c ke fvmonf? vl;vGe f haumhys Hvmonf?

b7mp D<mav;_zi f h rvH krvJpnf ;aE Smi fxm;onf h7i fom;qd ki fr sm ;u

efyd ki fp d k ;>7ifbwfus<fjuD;ud k tdaxG;pGmzdr djuonf? cÈefaumhaxmif

wufaeaomEd k hoD;rsm;u 7efyd ki fp d k ;7ifbwftom;xJod k hp l ;0ifonf?

E S Kw fcr f ;c si f ;awhuyfp ky fer f ;7i f ; td ki f7i f ;>vufwpfbufu

xduyfr daeaomqD;py fE Sp fc k jum;od k hw d k ;0i fum 7efy d ki fp d k ;>vD;juD ;ud k

qkyfud ki fonf?

td ki f7if ;r Sm e~d kuyif7rufxefonf? <ckvd k7e fy d ki fp d k ;>7ruf

_yif;aomayG hzufp ky ferf ;r S Krsm;u td ki f7if ;>7rufrD;ud k avmifpm_znf h

ay;vd kufovd k _zpfonf? rwfawmifaeaomvD;acsmif;juD;ud k qkyfud ki f

vd kufr d _ci f ;uawmh awmufavmifaeaomrD ;v# Hud k avyif hay;vd kuf

ovdk_zpfonf?

t d k i f7i f ;onf vD ;u d konftwk d i f ;q ky fu d k i fxm ; _ci f ;r[ kw f ?

vufud kvS Ky f@ Sm;um ~Gi f ;wk dufay;ovd krs d K ; vD;wefjuD;ud ky Gwfay;ae

_cif;_zpfonf? vufuav;uEl;nH h _y D; yGwfoyfyH kuvnf;nifomv#uf

ynmvnf;_ynf h0ay7m vD;wefjuD;onf qwfueJqwfueJyifvSKy fcg

1 6 0

Ivmonf?

TtwefjuD;r Sm rjumrDr dr d>apmufacgi f ;av;xJod k h wd k ;0i f

vmawm hr S my J ? O D ;u tp ky fter f ;tu d k i ftw G< f7ru f _yi f ;ov d k

vd k ;wJ htcgrSmvnf; jurf;jurf;7rf;7rf;ud kaqmif hr SmtrSefyJ?

TtawG;onf tdki f7if;>pdwfud k bavmifqlvmaponf?

7efyd kifpd k;onf tdkif7if;>yg;pyfudkpkyferf;ae7mrS tomatmufbuf

od k ha@G hvmonf? b7mpD<m7ifbH kav;rsm;jum;rS wpf7pfxGufaeaom

7ifom;qd ki fawGud k erf;aeonf?

t d k i f 7i f ;uvnf ; v di fwe f ju D ;u d kq ky fu d k i f y Gw fay ;ae7mr S

vufud katmufbufo d k h y d k E S d r f hum a~ G ;Or sm ;u d ktomt<mqky fu d k i f

y Gwfoyfay;vd kuf_yefonf?

td ki f7i f ;onf nmvufacsmi f ;r sm; _zi f ha~ G ;Orsm;ud kqky fud ki fay;

ae7i f ; b<fvufacsmi f ;r sm ;uawmh 7e fy d ki fp d k ;>zi fvH k ; juD ;ay:od k h

wifay;onf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;>zifom;rsm;u vHk;uspfaeonf? td ki f7if;onf

zifom;uspfuspfrsm;ud ktomyGwfjunfh_yD;aemuf zifom;ESpf_crf;tjum;

tuGJajumif;twdkif; vuf!SdK;av;_zif htomyGwfqGJonf? vuf!SdK;xdyfu

1 6 1

ptd k0ud kxdrdaomtcg tomav;7yfvd kufonf?

toufi<faomfvnf; umrpyf<Sufr S KtawG htjuH K7i f husuf

aeolt d ki f7i f ;onf a<muf sm ;awG>t!Smud kvnf ; em;vnfonf?

ptd k0ud kvuf!S d K ;xd k ;xnfhuvday;_cif;onf f a<mufsm;rsm;ud k7rufaZm

xefum t@l;trl;tirf;r7_zpfapEd li fajumif;ud k em;vnfxm;onf?

xdkajumif h 7efyd ki fpd k ;>ptdk0udk vuf!Sd K;xdyf_zif hwpfcsufESpfcsuf

yGwfay;_yD;aemuf qwfueJzdxd k ;csvd kufonf? vuf!S d K ;u 7efyd ki fp d k ;>

zifaygufxJ wpfueJwd k ;0ifoGm;onf?

Þ td k- -td- -tdki f7if;7<f ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;r SmtHjudwfa7@Gwf7if; acgif;axmifxvmonf?

Þ tJvd kr s d K ;rvky fe J huGm? td ki f7i f ;u'Dvd kvky f7i f OD ;jumjum

xdef;Ed li fr Smr[kwfbl;? td ki f7if;ud kwufrvkyf7yJe J h t7nfawGxGufukef

vdrf hr<f ß

7efyd ki fpd k ;u 7rufaZmt[kef_zif h eDeD7J7Jav;_zpfaeaomtdkif7if;>

i<fEkEkrsufESmav;ud ki H k h junfhum cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymonf?

1 6 2

tdki f7if;uwcpfcpf7<farmum 7efyd ki fp d k ;>zifaygufxJxd k ;xnfh

xm;aomvuf!S d K ;ud k qG Jxkwfvd kufonf? xd k h _yif a~G;Oud kqkyfe<fay;

aeaomvufud kvnf; z<fcGmvd kufonf? xd kaemuf7efy d ki fp d k ;>7ifc Gi f

atmufrS tomav;vSdrf humxGufoGm;onf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;tid kufr doGm;onf[kqd k7ayrnf? b<fvd kr Sr[ef hwm;

Ed li fy J td ki f7if;vGwfxGufoGm;onf?

Þ uJ- -td ki f7i f ;ud kc scsi fw<fqd k7i f b7meJ hyi fwDud kvnf;

cÈwfay;av ß

td ki f7if;u a0;a0;awmha@SmifxGufra_y;yg? cHwifapmif;em;wGif

tomxdki f _yD; 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud kcyf!k!kav;junfhuma_ymonf?

7e fy d k i f p d k ;u b7mp D<mav;E Si f h yi fw Dav;om0wfxm;aom

td ki f7if;@ S d7mod k h _zwfueJwd k ;uyfvmonf?

xd kaemuf- - -?

wwd,yd kif;ar#mfyg?

1

Ø q<fausmfoufav;rsm;(3) ×

tcef;(1)

7efy d ki fp d k ;u td ki f7if;>b7mpD<mud k _zKwfonf? b7mpD<m>

cs dwfonf omrefb7mpD<mawGvd k aemufausmbufwGifr@S d ? 7ifbH k

E Sp fc kjum;wGif @S donf?

pdwfvS ky f@ Sm;aeaomajumif h b7mpD<m7ifqH kE Sp fc kjum;@S dcs dwfud k

_zKwfaom 7efyd ki fp d k ;>vufrsm; rodromwkefaeonf?

c s dw fjud k ; _y Kwfvsufb7mp D<m7i ft H kr sm ;a _yavsm hy Gi f hu GmoGm;onfE Si f h

td ki f7if;>eD7Jc G se faumhaeonfh Ed k hoD;acgi f ;av;rsm;_zif ho7zlaqmif;xm;

avaom r d k h 0e f ;onf hE d k ht H k }u D ;E Sp fv H k ;onf txif ;om;tuGi f ;om;

ay:xGufvmavawmhonf?

7e f y d k i f p d k ;on f _ y Kw fu G mo G m ; aomb7mp D<mav;u d kvn f ;

2

cyfoGufoGuf_zif h qG Jc G swfum cHwifab;od k h ypfcsvd kufonf? wif;ueJ

tdueJay:vGifvmonfh Ed k htH k}uD;rsm;ud kvnf; tm;7yg;7zspf!Spf qkyfe<f

ypfvd k aomfvnf; csmwdwfrud k ud k<fvH k ;wD; _zp fatmift7ifvky fz d k h

7efyd ki fp d k ;qH k ; _zwfvd kufonf?

xd kajumi f h7e fy d d k i fp d k ;onf bd ku_ym;rav;td ki f7i f ;ba7mi f ;>

udk<fay:wGifaemufqH k ;usef aeaom t0wftpm;_zpfonfh twGif;c H

HyifwDabmif;bDyef;Eka7mifav;udk cyfoGufoGufyifqG Jc G swfavawmhonf?

aumi frav;uwcpfcp f7<farm7i f ; twGi f ;c Habmi f ;b Dtc G sw f7y d kr d k

vG<fulap7ef

wifyg;}uD;udk tomjuGyif hIulnDay;onf?wpfc^ twGif;rSmyif

tw G i f ; c H abmi f ;b D uav;on f ay g i fv H k ; }u D ; r s m ;wav # mu f

av#musoGm;onf? touf(17)ESpft@G<fAd kvfu_ym;rav;> wpfudk<fvHk;

a_ymif@Si f;um yvmusif;oGm;av_yD?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;u td ki f7i f ;>a_caxmufE Sp facsmi f ;ud k qG J _z Jxm;_y D ;

tzkwfudkaoaocsmcsmjunfhonf?apmufzkwfudktkyfudkifuvd7ef vuffvSrf;

vd kuf7m td ki f7if;utomqD;Iqkyfzrf;um - - -?

3

Ø yxrOD ;qH k ; 69 yH kp He J hwa<mufud kwa<muf7ufay;

pkyfay;ju7atmifvm;OD;7m aemf ×

aumifrav;u'Dvd ka_ymawmh 7efyd ki fp d k ;uvJb<f_iif;vdrf hrvJ?

Ø tdkau - - rif;oabmyJ ×

Ø 'grSO D;uG - - uJ vmav ×

7e fy d k i f p d k ;onf yufvufuav; _zp faeaomt d k i f7i f ; ay:o d k h

ha_ymif ; _ye fwufcGvd kufonf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;>acgi f ;utd ki f7i f ;aygi fjum;r Sm|

t d k i f 7i f ;>r su fE S mwnf hwnf h ay :w Gi f awm h 7i fy d k i f p d k ;>ay gi f c Gq H k ?

x d ko d k h ae7m<lvd ku f7i f ; onfaumi frav;[m toufom

i<fw<f ? tawG htju H Kuawm ht_yw f7i f h aewmy J | 69y H k p H aw G

bmawGawmifodaew<f[k olpdwfxJrSawG;onf?

td ki f7if;onf aygifwef}uD;ESp facsmif;ud k cyfa_ya_yav#mhav#mh

av;um;ay ;xm;onf ? 7e fy d k i f p d k ; r su fE S mty fc s _y D ; apmu fz kw fu d k

ukef;7ufapzdk htoifh? 7efyd kifpd k;onf apmufar$;rsm;xlxyfpGmaygufa7muf_yD;

_zpfaomtd ki f7if;>aygifc GqH kapmufzkwfay:od k hrsufESmud ktyfcsvd kufonf?

4

Ad kvfu_ym;rav;_zpfaomajumif h td ki f7if;qHyifrsm;u a@$a7mifa_y;onf?

apmu f ar $ ; r s m ;uvn f ; a@ $ a7mi fvu f aeon f ? tz kw fuawm h

_zLvd k hazG;vd k h | Ekvd k h | vSvd k h | azgif;azgif;tdtd rd k hr d k hc ke f ;c ke f;uav;?

7efyd ki fp d k ;onf v#mud kwpfvpfxkwfumapmufzkwftuG Jajumif;

twdki f; apmufaph@d S7mod k hO D ;wnfumtomt<m pwifI7ufay;onf?

aigufawmufuav;awmifae_yD_zpfaom apmufaphud kv#mzsm;u xdrd

oGm;onfhtcsdefwGif tdkif7if;>ESkwfzsm;rS nnf;oHav;rsm;ay:xGuf vmonf?

aumifrav;uvnf;qd ki f;raeawmhyJ acgif;av;ud ktomjuGum

7efyd ki fpd k ;>vD;acsmif;juD;ud kyg;pyf ESif hvSrf;pkyfonf? (8)vufrausmfausmf

@ SnfaomvD;wefjuD;>xdy fy d ki f ; td ki f7i f ;>yg;py fxJod k ha7mufonf?

td ki f7i f ;r SmvD;p ky fvnf;tawmfaumif;onf? tpky fc H7onfESi f h

@ d S e f ; _raE G ;axG ;aomt7omonfvD ;ac smi f ; ju D ;r S wqif h7e fy d k i fp d k ;>

wudk<fvH k ;od k h _yef hE S H honf? apmufzkwf7ufay;ae7onfhjum;rSyif 7efyd ki f

p d k ;>yg;pyfrStdueJtoHxGuf>?

tdkif7if;uvD;wpfacsmif;vHK;udk yg;pyfxJ0ifatmifiH kvdkufonf?

xdkaemufacgif;udk_yefcsvdkufjuGwufvdkufvkyfay;7m vD;acsmif;juD;onf

olr>yg;pyfxJ0ifoGm;vdkuf _yefxGufvdkuf_zpfaeonf? xdkodk hwd k;0if

5

_yefxGufvSKyf@ Sm;7mwGif El;nH htdaxG;aomES kwfcrf;yg;vSyfvSyfav;rsm;eSi f h

v D ;we fv H k ; yw fu sep G my Gw fw d ku fr d ap7e f t d k i f 7i f ;uE S Kw fcr f ;v $ m

E Sp fc sy f _zi f hv D ;ud k cy fwi f ;wi f ;p ky fay;xm;onf? xd k _yi fy g ;py fxJod k h

wd k ;0if_yefxGuf_zpfaeaom vD;wefjuD;>dxdyfyd ki f ;r S'pf_yJvefjuD;ud kvnf;

v#muav; _zif hvSnf hywf7ufay; ao;onf?

vD;pkyfay;wmcHvd k haumif;vGef;aomajumif h 7efyd ki fp d k ;wpfa<muf

rsufvH k ;awGarS ;pi f ;usoGm;onf?wpfud k<fvH k ;juufoD; _ze f ; _ze f ;xonf?

ol hr sufE Smonftd ki f7i f ;>aygi f jum;wGi ftyf7ufom;@ S d7m apmufz kwf

7eH har$;ys H hys h Hud kvnf; @S l@ S d kufrdaeonf?

t d k i f 7i f ;on f v D ;wp f ac s mi f ;v H k ;u d k y g ; py fx J Õ r k y f 0i fv #u f

tmacgifudkaxmufrdonftxd acgif;udkjuGwifvdkufaomtcgolr>ESmacgif;u

7efyd ki fp d k ;qD;pyf@S dvD;ar$;vdrfaumufaumufrsm;ESi f h xdrdonf? xd kaemuf

acgif;udktomatmufodkh_yefcsvdkuf7m yg;pyfxJrSvD;wefjuD;_yefxGufvmonf?

x Gu fv m aomv D ;we f ju D ;w G i f t d k i f 7 i f ;>w H aw G ; r s m ; a yu s Hu m

a_ymifvufpd kp GwfIaeonf?

vD;'pf_yJjuD;omyg;pyfxJwGifusefaeonfhtxd _yefxkwfay;_yD;aemuf

td ki f7i f ;onfvD ;'p f juD ;ud k v#m_zi f hvSnf hywfum 7ufay; _ye fonf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;r Smt7rf;ud kt7omawG haeonf? td ki f7i f ;onfolxifxm;onf

6

xufyifvD;pkyfaumif;aeonf? vD;pkyfay;wmcHvdk haumif;vGef;aomajumif h

7efyd kifpd k;rSmtdkif7if;>tzkwfudkyifqufI 7ufray;Ed kifawmhatmif_zpfonf?

vD;pkyfay;rá>t7omudkr d Se f ;IcHaeonf?

td ki f7if;u'Dta_ctaers d K;ud krjudKuf?

xd kajumif hzifjuD;ud ktomaumhyifvSKyf<rf;I 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud ktzkwf

<ufay;z d k htcsuf _yonf? r dr duvD;ud kaumi f ;aumi f ;p ky fay;aeovd k

rdrd>tzkwfud kvnf;ususee_yef<ufay;7ef tcsuf_yawmif;qd kvd kuf_cif;

yif?

7efydkifpd k;onftdkif7if;>apmufzkwfudkvufESpfzuf_zifh ususee_zJum

[_yJuav;ay:vmonfh apmufacgif;xJod k h v#muf d kxd k ;oGif;vd kufonf?

Ad kvfu_ym;rav;>apmufzkwfe H huar$;onf ht_yif apmuf7nfjunfrsm;

>t7omuvnf; tawmfav;av;yifyi f@ S donf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;t7rf ;ud k

oabmusoGm ;onf? apmufac gi f ;twGi f ;bufr S ju Gu fom;r sm ;onf

wd k ;0i fvmonf hv#mud k0 d k i f ;! Sy f juonf? apmufz kw ftwGi f ;om;r sm ;

onf qwfqwfwke fum@G@ Gváy faeráud k 7efy d ki fp d k ;c Hpm;od@ S dae7onf?

apmuf7nfjunfrsm;<dkpdrfhpD;usvmonfudkvnf; v#m_zifh7ufrdxdrd aeonf?

7

7efyd ki fp d k ;onf v#mud kapmufacgif;xJod k hxd k ;xnfhvd kuf| _yefxkwf

vd kufvkyfay;onf? apmufzkwftuGJ ajumif;twdki f;v#mud kt_ym;vd kuf

uyfum 7ufay;onf? apmufaphud kvnf;v#mzsm;ESi f hxd k ;uavmfonf?

yg;pyf_zif hvnf;pkyfay;vd kufao;onf?

t d k i f 7 i f ;on f7e f y d k i f p d k ;>tz kw f 7u f ay ; r át7omu d k c H 7 i f ;

y g ;py f _zi f hvnf ;v D ; ju D ;u d ktm ;7y g ;7p ky f7u fay ;aeonf? 7e fy d k i f p d k ;

t 7 r f ; a [ m h v m _ y D ? r d r d t a e _ z i f h j u m j u m r x d e f ; E d l i f y J

rjumrDokwf7nfawGyef;xGufukefawmhrnfud k 7efyd ki fp d k ;wGufrdonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;onftd ki f7if;>yg;pyfxJwGif okwf7nfrsm;ud kyef;rxkwf

ay;vd kyg? <ckolukef;7ufay;ae7onfhapmufzkwfxJod k h vD;}uD;vd k ;xnfh

um vdk;ae7if;okwf7nfawGud kapmufzkwfxJod k hom yef;xkwfay;csifonf?

7 e f y d k i f p d k ;on f tz kw fu d ku k e f ; 7u f 7 mr S c G m 7 e f _ y i fon f ?

o d k h ao m ft d k i f 7 i f ;u 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; > a c g i f ;u d k a _ c E S p f a c s m i f ; _ z i f h

twif ;ud k!Sy fxm;onf? td ki f7i f ;onf yg;py fxJr SvD ;ud kxkwfyp fum

7efyd ki fp d k ;ud kvSrf;a_ymonf?

Ø tcs de fawGtrsm;}uD;@S dygw<fOD;7m? tckawmhOD;7J ht7nf

awGud ktd ki f7if;7J hyg;pyfxJrSmyJ xkwfay;prf;yg? td ki f7if;aomufcscsifvd k h?

8

_yD;7ifOD;ud ktd ki f7if;tay:uae aumif;aumif;vkyfay;r<f? [kwfvm;? ×

7e fy d k i f p d k ; r S m q<fausm fouft@ G< faumi frav;>vd kvm ;

awmif hwaomqêudk r_iif;y<fEd li fyg?td ki f7if;tvdkusvd kufa7m7rnfom?

tdkif7if;uvnf; a_ymp7m@S donfwdk hud ka_ym_yD;onfESif hcsufcsif;yif

7e fy d k i fp d k ;>vD ; }u D ;u d ky g ;py f _zi f h i H kumtm;7y g ;7p ky fay;avawmhonf?

vD;acsmif;}uD;>xdyfrSokwf7nfrsm; rjumrDyef;xGufvmawmhrnfqdk_cif;udk

olwd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k; odjuayonf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;uvnf;td ki f7i f ;>apmufacgi f ;xJod k hv#mud kxd k ;oGi f ; _ye f

xkwf_zifh cyfjurf;jurf;yif7ufayonf? xdkh_yifaumhaxmifwuf faeavaom

apmu fap hu d kvn f ;vu f! S d K ;vu frw d k h _ zi f h y Gw fw d ku f z s p f! S p f ay ;

onf? ~Gif;wd kufonfhváyf@ Sm;rárs d K ; _zif hvnf;

apmufaphud ky Gwfwd kufay;onf?

Tvd k7e fy d ki fp d k ;>tqef ;xGi fumvky faqmi fay;vd kur S Kajumi f h

td ki f7if;rSmvl;vGef haumhys Hv#uf _yD;vkvkta_ctaeod k h wr[kwfcsif;yif

a7muf@ S do Gm ;avawmhonf? td ki f7i f ;onf7e fy d ki fp d k ;>vD ;we f }uD ;ud k

t7rf;yifpkyfay;vd kufonf?

rjumyg?

9

7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f htd ki f7if;wd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k; _ydi fwlyif_yD;ukefjuonf?

7efydkifpdk;>vD;xdyfrSokwf7nfawG tdkif7if;yg;pyfxJY_ynfhv#Hatmif xGufonf?

t d k i f 7i f ;>apmu f7n fr s m ;uvnf ; p d k @ $ J atmi f yi fx Gu fu k e fon f ?

td ki f7if;onfylaEG;yspfcÈ Jaomokwf7nfrsm;ud k tm;7yg;7aomufrds K

csonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;uvnf;td ki f7if;>apmuf7nfrsm;ud kv#m_zif htm;yg;w7

odrf;7uf<lum rs d Kcsavawmhonf?

7efyd kifpd k;rSm rdef;rtawmfrsm;rsm;udkvdk;zl;ol_zpfonf?tdkif7if;avmuf

7uf7ufa7ma7m Ø_yD; × onfhr de f ;rrs d K ;ud krawG hz l ;yg? xd k h _yiftd ki f7if;vd k

apmu f7n ftxGu f jur f ;onf hr d e f ; rr s d K ;u d kvnf ; o lrawG hz l ; ao;y g ?

tm;yg;w7}uD;ud k × _yD; × oGm;_yD;aemuf ESpfa<mufvH k;yif

a_cypfvufypf_zpfukefjuonf?

olwd k hE Sp fa<mufonf rD;epftenf;i<fjumatmif _idr foufpGm

vJavsmi f ;tyef ;a_zaejuonf?xd kaemuftd ki f7i f ;upwifvS Ky f@ Sm;onf?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;>aygi fc G jum;wGi fac Gaysm humrme fusaeonf h vD;wefjuD;ud k

v#muav;_zif h tomt<mpwifI7ufay;onf? vD;wefjuD;ud komru

a~G;tkjuD;ud kygukef;7ufonf?

10

ac Gay sm haeaomvD ;we f ju D ; rawmi f hwawmi f _zp fvmonf?

xd ktcgtd ki f7if;uvD;wpfacsmif;vH k ;ud k yg;pyf_zif hi H kumpkyfay;_yefonf?

× tm;yg;yg; - - tdki f7if;7m [if; ×

7efyd ki fp d k ;onf yg;pyfrSa7@Gwf_rnfwrf;7if; vD;ukef;pkyfaeaom

tdkif7if;acgif;rSqHyifwd kav;rsm;ud kvuf_zif htomt<myGwfoyf ay;onf?

td ki f7i f ;onfvD ;we fjuD ;E Si f ha~ G ;t kwG J juD ;r sm ;ud k wpfvSnf hp D

yg;pyf_zif hp ky fay;vd kuf| @Smav;_zif h7ufay;vd kuf vkyfay;aeonf? xdk h _yif

7efyd ki fp d k ;>ptd k0ud kvnf; vuf!d S K ;_zif hxd k ;uvdao;onf?

apmapmuokwf7nfrsm;yef;xkwfay;_yD;aemuf acGaysmhusaeaom

vD ; ju D ;onf td ki f7i f ;>uÈr f ;usi fv Saomvky faqmi fr S Kr s m ;ajumi f h

rmefxumrwfrwfjuD;awmifvmavawmhonf?

tdkif7if;onf vD;pkyfay;aerSKudk7yfwefhum wcpfcpf7<farm vdkuf_yD;

- -

Ø a[m - - OD;7J hvD;juD;_yefawmifvm_yD? uJ

tvkyfpjutHk;pdkhvm; ×

11

txmaygufaeaom7efyd ki fpd k ;uvnf; tdkif7if;bmudkvd kcsifajumif;

odonf? csufcsif;yifarG h<may:yufvufpif;tdyfay;vd kufonf?

ol>vD;wefjuD;u rwfrwfjuD;ud kawmifIaeonf?

td ki f7if;onf7efy d ki fp d k ;> cg;em;qDod k ha@ G hvsm;ae7ma_ymif;onf?

xd kod k hae7ma_ymi f ;7mwGi f av;bufruswusrs d K ;vS Ky foGm;onf_zp f7m

tdxGm;aom7ifom;qd ki fwd k hu wwkefwkefvSKyfonf? um;pGif haeavaom

wifyg;qH k}uD;rsm;uawmh wodrf hodrf hwke fonf?

' gu d k _ ri fawm h 7e fy d k i f p d k ;7i fx Jr S mvnf ; vd S K i f ;v d kxonf?

td ki f7if;>Ed k htH k }uD;awGud ktm;7yg;7qG Jv#ufzifqH k}uD;ud k wtm;zspf!Spf

ypfvd kufcsifp dwfrsm;ud k renf;yifxdef;xm;7onf?

xd kaemuftd ki f7i f ;onf 7efy d ki fp d k ;>tay:od k hwufcGum ae7m

<lonf? aumifrav;u 7efydkifpdk;>rsufESmudktay:rStkyfrdk;um junfhonf?

7efydkifpdk;>rsufvHk;rsm;wGif7rufpdwf_zifhta7mifawmuf aeonfudk _rifonf?

td ki f7i f ;ud k<fwd ki fonfyifvnf; umrqdyfawG tawmfuk dwufae_y D?

y g ; py f _ z i f h p k y f a y ; c J h _ y D ; _ z p f aom v d i fwe f ju D ;u d k tz kw fx Jo d k h

wd k ;0ifvmapcsifae_yD?

12

Ø [ G e f h O D ; uo d y f t y g ; c d k w m y J ? t d k i f 7 i f ; u y J

tm;vH k ;vkyfay;7awmhr<f? ×

td ki f7if;u 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud k _y H K ;pp_zif hjunfhum rxdwxduvdonf?

Ø ajomf - - oluyJa_ymae7ao;w<f - - ×

7e fy d k i f p d k ;uTod k h a _ym7i f ; vufE S p fbu fu d kqe f hx kw fum

tdkif7if;>cGsefaumhaeavaomEd k hoD;acgif;av;rsm;udkvuf!Sd;vufr wdk h _zif

h!Syfum remhwemav;zspf!Spfay;vd kufonf?xd kaemufqufvufI - -

?

Ø td kif7if;yJtay:uae_yD;wufvkyfay;csifw<fqdk? uJ- -

'Dvd kvkyfwmrjud kuf7if z<fav? OD;u tdki f7if;ud kwufcsay;rSmayg h?

×

Ø cpfcpfcpf- -tdkif7if;utvum;oufoufaemufa_ymwmyg

OD;7m? td ki f7if;uyJ tay:uvkyfay;yg hr<f ×

a_yma_ymqdkqdktdkif7if;onf 7efydkifpd k;>vD;acsmif;juD;udknmvuf_zifh

y d k i f y d k i f E d l i f E d l i fq k y fu d k i fq G J< lu mtz kw f 0w G i f aw hv d ku fon f ?

13

tdki f7if;>apmufzkwfxJrS <dkpdr f husaeavaomapmuf7nfjunfrsm;ESi f h

xdrd7mpd kp GwfaEG;axG;aom xdawGhr S Ktm@H kud k 7efyd ki fp d k ;c Hpm;7onf?

<c kq d kv # i f 7e f y d k i f p d k ;>v D ;x dy f z s m ;on f aumi f rav;>

umr p y f< Su f 7 m a p mu f a c g i f ; 0wn f hwn f hw G i fu su s e e ju D ; y i f

awhaxmufr daeav_y D ? 7e fy d ki fp d k ;onfzi fa _ymi f juD ;ud kaum hwi fum

v D ;u d k a p mu f a c g i f ;x J d kx d k ;x J h y p f c s i f p dw f aw G y i f ay :vmon f ?

od k haomfTodk h _yKvkyfonfud kaumifrav;oabmusrnfr[kwfajumif;

ud kvnf; em;vnfonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;tzd k h td ki f7if;oabmusESpfoufatmif

v d ku f av s mv k y f aqm i f a y ; z d k h u ta7 ; ju D ; a yon f ? ' g r So m

t d k i f 7 i f ; u d k p d w f w d k i f ; u s v d k ; E d l i f r n f _ z p f o n f h t _ y i f

t d k i f 7 i f ; >o l i< f c s i f ; ru av ; r s m ;u d k y g qu f Øu d k i f × E d k i f z d k h

vrf;pyGi f hrnfr[kwfygvm;? 'gajumif hp dwfud kcs Ky fxdef;xm;7onf?

t d k i f 7 i f ;on f z i fq H k ju D ;u d k toma0 h 0 d k u fv S K y f @ S m ;v #u f

atmufodk htenf;i<fzdcsonf? vD;'pftzsm;uapmufacgif;xJ wdk;0ifonf?

t d k i f7i f ;a7m7e fy d k i fp d k ;y g E Sp fa<mufv H k ;touf@ S Lr S m ;o Gm ; juonf?

t z k w f > E k a x G ; a o m t a w G h t x d u d k v D ; ' p f z s m ; r S w q i f h

7e fy d k i f p d k ; 7@ S d c H pm ;v d ku f7ovd k v D ;ac s mi f ; ju D ;>@ S d e f ; _ rz d k armaom

tawGhtm@H kud kvnf; apmufacgif;0twGif;om; ESif hapmufaphav;rSwqifh

td ki f7if;>aoG;om;awGu cHpm;7@S dvd kufjuonf?

14

t d k i f 7 i f ; on f tou fu d k w 0 j u D ; @ S L o G i f ; v d k u f on f ?

Ttcg7ifom;qdkifjuD;rsm;aumhwufrdkh0ef;vmonf? xdkaemufwifyg;qHkjuD;udk

qwfueJaumhum tm;ygoH k ;v#ufzdcsvd kufonf?

vD;acsmif;juD;onf usOf;juyfaomapmufacgif;xJod k h zGwfueJ

toHE Si f htwlx d k ;az gu f0i fa7mufo Gm ;onf? vD ;0i fo Gm ;r S kt@ S d e f _zi f h

apmufzkwfES Kwfcrf;om;rsm;uwif;I _yJtmxGufoGm;onf?

Ø tm;yg;yg;- -juD;vd kufwJ hvD;juD;OD;7<f - - [if h ×

t d k i f 7 i f ; > y g ; p y f r S a 7 @ G w f a _ y m q d k o H a y : v m on f ?

t d k i f 7i f ; r S mtv k d ; c H z l ; _ y D ; aomr d e f ;uav;wa<mu f _ zp f aom fvn f ;

tou f ( 1 7 ) E S p fo m @ S d ao ; aom a jum i f h a p mu f a c g i f ; a y gu fu

usOf;a_rmif;aeqJyif_zpfonf?

xdkajumif h7efyd ki fpd k ;>(8)vufrcef h@Snf_yD; usyfvH k;xufwkwfaom

v D ; w e f j u D ; w d k ; 0 i f v m on f h t w G u f t a w m f a v ; e m on f ?

w_y d K i f eu fwnf ;r S myi f v D ;t7omuvnf ;aumi f ;v Saomajumi f h

wp fu d k< fv H k ; z d e f ; @ S d e f ;o G m ;7 onf ? 7e fy d k i f p d k ;on fwi fy g ; ju D ;u d k

v S Ky f@ S m ;z dc saer S Kajumi f h odr f ho dr f hv S Ky fc gae avaom7i fom;juD ;

15

E Sp fc ku d kb<fnmvufE Sp fbuf _zi f htm;7y g ;7yi f qky fu d ki fxm;onf?

7 i f o m ; r s m ; u t d x G m ; u m u d k i f v d k h t v G e f a u m i f ; o n f ?

juD;rm;vH k;0ef;aomEd k htH kjuD;onf 7efyd ki fp d k ;>vufwtkyfpmyif ruay?

aemufqH k ;w Gi fawm h zwfue JtoHE Si f htwl apmufar $ ;r sm ;

c y fx lx l av ; ay gu f a7 mu f p _ y K _ y D _ z p f aomt d k i f 7 i f ;>q D ; p y fon f

vD;ar$;vdrfaumufaumufrsm;awmxatmifaygufaeonfh 7efydkifpdk;>qD;pyfudk

z w f u e J @ d k u f on f ? 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; >v D ; a c s m i f ; j u D ; u aw m h

aumifrav;tzkwfxJtqHk;wd ki fyif wdk;0ifoGm;av_yD?

tdkif7if;>rsufawmifrsm;arS;pif;aeonf? yg;pyfrSvnf;w[if;[if;ESifh

iSufzsm;wufovdknnf;aeonf? wpfudk<fvHk;vnf; wqwfqwfwkefcgv#uf

@S daeonf?

To d k h _ z p f 7 _ c i f ; r S m a p mu f a c g i f ; x J v D ; a c s m i f ; j u D ;

wd k ;0i foGm;r S Koufoufajumif homr[kwf| vD;wefjuD;wd k ;0i fvmonf h

t7omay:wGif 7efydkifpd k;u tdkif7if;>Edk hoD;rsm;udkyg;pyf_zifhwpfvSnfhpDpkyfay;|

vuf_zifhw_yefpDyGwfacsay;rSKuyg xyfavmif;_znfhpGufum aumifrav;udk

t7omtawGhjuD;awG h7avatmif zefwD;ay;vd kuf_cif;_zpfayawmhonf?

on f a e m u f w G i f a w m h A d k v f u _ y m ; r a v ; on f

16

ol>zifqH k _zL_zLazG;azG;juD;ud k xufatmufedrf h _rif hcyfoGufoGufvSKyf@ Sm;

ay ;onf ? zi fq H k ju D ;v S Ky f @ S m ;r S K E S i f htw l vD ;ac s mi f ; ju D ;uvnf ;

apmufz kw fxJ _r Ky f0i fo Gm ;vd ku f | _ye fx Gufvmvd ku f _zp fIaeonf?

vD ; juD ;wd k ;0i fvmonf htcg tzkwfxJwGi fp D ;y d ki f _ynf h juy foGm ;onf?

vD;juD;_yefxGufoGm;aomtcgrSm wGifawmh 7ifxJodrf hodrf hwkef7onf?

0ifxGufvSKyf@Sm;aeaomvD;wefvH k;ywfESif h apmufaphur_ywfxdawGhae7m

t d k i f 7 i f ; t z d k h u m r t 7o mu d k t _ y w f u d k c H p m ; a e 7 on f ?

t d k i f 7 i f ; >v S K y f @ S m ; r S K aw G y d k _ r e fv mon f ? y d k o Gu fv mon f ?

yd kIvnf;tm;_yif;vmonf? wifyg;qHkjuD;udk tm;_yif;_yif;_zif hzdcsavwdkif;

vD;acsmi f ;juD;u tzkwfxJod k haqmif hvd k ;ovd krs d K ;t@S de f _zi f hwd k ;0i fonf?

vD;0ifoGm;oHu Ø bGyf - - bGyf × [k_rnfonf?

7 e f y d k i f p d k ; o n f a u m i f r a v ; > E d k h t H k w p f bu f u d k

vu f _ z i f h q k y f u d k i f q G J e< f 7 i f ; u s e f E d k h t H k w p f bu fu d k aw m h

y g ;py f _zi f htm;7yg ;7uke f ;p ky faeonf? E d k ho D ;ud komp ky fay; _ci f ;r[kwf?

y g ;py fu d k[umE kt daomE d k ht H kom;r sm ;u d ky g p ky f< lay; _ci f ; _zp fonf?

yg;pyfud ktpGrf;ukef[umpkyfay;onfhwd ki f Ed k htH kwpfckvH k ;ud kum;rtkyfrdyg?

Ø t m ; y g ; y g ; O D ; 7 < f - - [ i f h

td ki f7if;Ed k hoD;awGud koGm;eJ hud kufay;prf;yg@Si f - - tm;[if h ×

17

t d k i f 7 i f ; on f v D ; w e f j u D ; x d y f w G i f w i f y g ; q H k j u D ;

wv S K y fv S K y f _ z i f hwu fv d k ; ay ; ae7i f ;u tavmwju D ; a _ y mon f ?

wi fy g ; ju D ;u d ktm ; _zi f h z d c sv d ku favwd k i f ; apmu fac gi f ; ay gu fx Jo d k h

wqHk;wdk;0ifoGm;onfhvD;wefjuD;>xdyfzsm;onf om;tdrfudk'kwfueJ'kwfueJ

aqmif hr donf?

Ø Edk hoD;awGudkudkufay;ygOD;7Jh? pdkhay;prf;yg? pkyfay;prf;ygOD;7<f?

- - [if;[if;[if; - -trav;aemf ×

t d k i f7i f ;q d konf hA d kv fu_ym;rav;r Sm 7e fy d k i fp d k ;>tay:wGi f

uke f;umuGumvSKyf@ Sm;7if; t7rf;ud k Øa[mh×aeonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;uvnf;

t d k i f 7 i f ; t i r f ; r 7 a _ y m q d k a w m i f ; w on f h t w d k i f ;

E d k h o D ; r s m ; u d k o G m ; _ z i f h w q w f q w f u d k u f a y ; o n f ?

yg;pyf_zif hvnf;wÎywfÎywfpd k hay;onf?

xd k h _yi fatmufr Saezi fa _ymi f juD ;ud kaum haum hwi fay; _ci f ; _zi f h

v D ;0i ftm;y d kaumi f ; _y D ;y d kIt0ifeufatmi f _y Konf? vufrsm;uvnf;

aumifrav;>zifqHkjuD;rsm;udk vSrf;yGwfoyfonf? aygifvHk;awGudkudkifonf?

18

tcef;(2)

Ø olwd k htvky f _zp faejuwmud ki goGm;acsmi f ;vd kuftke f ;r<f?

eifwd k haumvdkufrvm; ×

<k<karm fu _r<rif ;E Si f hrmvmwifwd k hud k junf h _y D ;a_ymonf?

_r<rif;rSmpdwfxJwGif@ S ky faxG;aeonf?

7e fy d k i f p d k k ; E S i f ht d k i f7i f ;w d k h>ta_ctaeud kvnf ;ac smi f ; junf hv d konf ?

od k haomf<k<karmfvd kawmhay:wifjuD;a_ymum7J7Jwif;wif;juD;roGm;7J?

<k<karm fonf_r<rif ;E Si f h@ G<fwl(14)E Sp fom@ S dao;aomfvnf;

w @ k w f u _ y m ; r a v ; r d k h t p p t 7 m 7 m 7 J 7 J w i f ; w i f ; @ S d o n f ?

o lw d k ht d r fuvn f ; rc s K y f c s< fxm ; ? a<mus f m ; av ;r s m ; E S i f hvn f ;

a7ma7maESmaESmqufqHa_ymqd kE d li fc Gi f h@ S donf?

_r<rif;rSmawmhrEWav;ol_zpfum rdbrsm;uvnf;tawmfav;;

wif ;wif ; juyfjuyftky fxde f ;xm;7m<k<karm fvd ko Gufvuf7 Jwi f ;r S kr s d K ;

r@S dao;yg? @Suf@G H haeonf?

19

r mv mwi fq d k on f h 7 c d k i f ru awm h < k< k a r m f u d k xu f

_r<rif;ud ky d ktav;xm;onf? _r<rif;>tem; WwGi fom aecsi fonf?

_r<rif;vdkufoGm;v#ifolvnf;vdkufrnf? _r<rif;rvdkufv#if olaecJ hrnf?

olESi f h _r<rif;ESp fa<mufxJ@S daezk d hud k yd kvd kvm;onf?

Ø eif hbmomeifoGm;junfhcsifjunfhav?

igwd k hawmh' Dr Smy Jem;aevd kuftke f ;r<f? aemufr SoGm;acsmi f ;junf hvnf;

7ygao;w<f[m ×

r m v m w i f u < k < k a r m f u d k v S r f ; a _ y m o n f ?

_r<rif;uawmhbmrSra_ym? bma_ym7rnfud kvnf;@kwfw7ufrod?

<k<karmfonf apmapmutdki f7if;ud k7efyd ki fp d k ;ac:oGm;7m_zpfaom

txyfcdk;ay:wufonfhavSum;@Sd7modkh cyfoGufoGufyifav#mufvSrf;oGm;onf?

{nf hcef;xJwGifawmh _r<rif;ESi f hrmvmwifwk d hE Sp fa<mufxJom

usefaejuonf? rmvmwifonftouf(16)ESpf@S d _yD; _r<rif;ESif h<k<karmf

wd k hxuf(2)ESp fjuD;onf? od k haomfwpfwef;wnf;rd k h Øeif - ig×[kom

ac:a_ymjuonf?

20

< k< k a r m fx Gu fo G m ;on fq k d on f E S i f h r mvmwi fon f

_r<rif;>teD;od k h wd k ;uyfa7muf@S dvmonf?rmvmwifonf_r<rif;>

ykcke f;tdtduav;rsm;ud k od ki f;zufvd kuf_yD; - - -

Ø vyfuD;a[mfw<frSmwkef;u wyd ki f;wpeJ h7yfcJ h7wJ hvkyfief;ud k

_yefp7atmifvm; aemf ×

r mv mw i f on f _ r< r i f ; > e m ; e m ; o d k h to mu y f u m

w d k ;w d k ; av;a _ymv d ku f _ y D ; _r<ri f ;>nmzu fy g ; _ yi f av;u d kvn f ;

@$wfueJyiferf;onf? _r<rif;>7ifxJ zd kueJyif_zpfonf?

r de f ;uav;tcsi f ;c si f ;onfvk der f ;@ S ky f _ci f ;onf obm0rus[k

_r<ri f ;xi fonf? @ ke f ;z<fyp fz k d h aumi f ;ajumi f ;ud kvnf ; odonf?

_ i d r f c H v d k u f v # i f r m v m w i f on f w p f q i f h w u f u m

uJvmrnfudkvnf;rSef;qrdonf?

rmvmwi f r S m a<mu f s m ; @ S m rav; _ zp fum tc sp f awm f aw G

tr s m ; ju D ;xm ;v #u f r d e f ;uav ;tc s i f ; c s i f ; yv l ;ww f a jumi f ;

owif;rsm;ud kvnf; ausmif;xJwGifem;rqHhatmif _r<rif;jum;cJ h7onf?

<ckrmvmwifu rdrdud kyvl;zd k h pwifvrf;cif;ae_yD_zpfajumif;ud kvnf;

_r<rif;odonf?

21

o d k h a o m f _ r< r i f ; w G i f _ i i f ; q e f @ k e f ; z< f x G u f o G m ; 7 e f

tm;r@S dy J _zp faeonf? ud katmifxl;E Si f hq7mra':xm;cifwd k hE Sp fa<muf

aumi f ;aumi f ;vd k ; jucHju| vD;p ky f ju| zi faqmfjuvky faey H kr sm ;ud k

ac smi f ;a _rmi f ; junf h@ S kc J h7 _ci f ; _zi f h (14)E Sp ft@ G<f aoG ;om;ql _z d K ;p

_r<ri f ;>p dw ftpO ftxl ;u d kv S Ky f @ S m ;c J hon f ? o lr>aoG ;om ;r s m ;

vd kvm;awmif hwaeonfh umrt7omtxGyftxdyfod k hwufvSrf;a7muf@S d

v d kon f hqê7ru fu d k rmvmwi f>ty Gw ftoy f | tud k i ftw G< f

tx d k ;tE d S Ku f r s m ;u _ zn f hwi f ; a y ; E d l i f a jum i f ;u d k _ r<ri f ;

aumif;aumif;juD;em;vnfaeonf?

x d k o d k h e m ; vn f a e r S K u y i f _ r< r i f ; u d k _ i i f ; q e f

a@SmifxGuf_cif;r_yKomatmif zefwD;qG Jaqmif xm;_cif;_ kzpfayawmhonf?

r m v mw i f u aw m h _ r < r i f ; > _ i d r f a e r S K u d k j un f h u m

r dr dtvd k _yn f h7awm hr S mu d k aocsmp G mo donf ?x d k a jumi f h cy f7 J7 Jyi f

qu fvu fv S K y f @ S m ;on f ? _ r<ri f ;>au s m _ y i fu d k tomav ;

vu f 0 g ; _ z i f h y G w fon f ? x d k o d k h y G w f 7 mw G i f tu F s D at mu f @ S d

b7mpD<maemufausmod ki f;judK;ud k xdrdud ki fr datmif_yKonf? _r<rif;rSm

r mv mw i f a b ; e m ; w G i f a c g i f ; u av ; i k H h u m _ i d r f I a eon f ?

_ i i f ; q e f @ k e f ; z< fx G u f v d k p d w f u av ; r s m ; @ S d a e ao m f vn f ;

pdwfoGm;wd ki f ;ud k<furygEd li fawmh?

22

_ r<ri f ;>7i fw' d e f ; ' d e f ; c k e f a eon f ? p dw fvn f ;t7r f ;u d k

vSKyf@ Sm;aeonf? aumif;aumif;yifrwfwwfr7yfEd li fawmh| rdrdud k<frdr d

b m v k y f 7 r n f r S e f ; r o d a o ; r d r S m y i f _ r < r i f ; o n f

r m v m w i f > 7 i f c G i f x J r s u f E S m x d k ; t y f v d k u f r d o n f ?

rmvmwi f>r d k h 0e f ;aom7i fom;qd ki fr sm ;onf _r<ri f ;>rsufE SmE Si f h

tdtdaxG;axG;juD;yifxdrdonf?pdwfvSKyf@Sm;aeonfhjum;rSyif rmvmwif>

Ed k hoD;acgif;av;rsm; aumhaxmifwufaeonfud k _r<rif;owd_yKrd

vd kufao;onf?

Ø eife J hige J haumif;aumif;juD;aysm fju7atmifaemf - - <rif;

×

r mvmwi fuw D ;w d k ; a _ y m jum ;on f ? o l r>vu f r s m ;u

_r<rif;>uspfvpfaomwifyg;av;ukdqkyfudkifonf?yGwfjunfhonf? _yD;awmh

_r<rif;>wke fwcd kufc d kuf_zpfaeaomud k<fvH k ;av;ud k cyfwif;wif;yif

zufvdkufonf?

rmvmwif>udk<frSmvnf; wkefIaeonf?

eif hp dwfxJt7rf;@S ky faxG;_yD;vSKyf@ Sm;aer<fqd kwmigodygw<f<rif;7m?

23

' g a y r< f h t c k i gv k y f a y ; r S m aw Gu e i f h u d k au m i f ; au m i f ; ju D ;

t7omawGhrSmuawmhaocsmygw<f? 'DawmhpdwfxJrSmb<fvkdyJ_zpfae_zpfae

to m av ; _ i d r f _ y D ; aw m h o m a ev d k u f p r f ; y g ? e i f h u d k b< fv d k

t7omcHpm;7w<fqd kwm ig_yay;rSmayg h[J h ×

Tpum ; r s m ;u d k a _ y m 7 i f ; r mv mwi fon f _ r<r i f ;u d k

{nf hcef;ESi f huyfv#uf@S daom tcef;xJod k hac:oGm;onf? xdktcef;xJwGif

cHwifwpfvHk;arG h<mcif;v#uf@S daeonf? _cifaxmifESif hacgif;tH k;rsm;um;r@S d?

rnfonfh

7n f@ G< fc su f _zi f hTae7mw Gi f c Hwi f@ S d aer S e f ;vnf ; ra _ymwwfy g ?

r mvmwi fon fTc Hwi f @ S d a eon fu d k tr Sw f rxi f aw G h _ ri f r d 7 mr S

_r<rif;ud ktvdkufoif hzufac:vmcJ h _cif;_zpfayonf?

p dw fx Juv S K y f @ S m ; a jumu f @ G H h ov d kv d k _ z p f a e aom fvn f ;

< c k v d k r mv mw i f > zu fw G J a c :< l o G m ; r S k u d k c H 7 on f h tw Gu f

_ r<ri f ; r S m ay s m fov d k y i f _ zp f r don f ? o lr>a _caxmu fr s m ;on f

rcd ki fy JacGaysmh!$wfIaejuav7mwpfae7m7mwGifxd ki fcsvd kufcsifaeonf?

rmvmwifonf_r<rif ;ud k c Hwifay:wGi fxk di fv#ufruswus|

t d y f v # u f v n f ; r u s wu s a o m t a e tx m ; r s d K ; _ z p f a t m i f

24

tomwGef;wifvdkufonf? rmvmwif>ylaEG;El;nHhaomvuf0g;wpfbufonf

atmufp rvGwfwvGwf _zp faeavaomxrDatmufod k hw d k ;0i fvmum

_r<rif;> wif;7if;aomaygifvH k k ;wpfbufud k tomtkyfud ki fonf?

xd kvufonft_i dr frae| aygi fom;rsm;ud ktomt<myGwf7i f ;

tay :bu fo d k hwa@ G h a@ G hwu fvmonf ?x d ko d k h aomx daw G h r S k a jumi f h

_r<rif;>udk<fav; qwfueJwkefonf?

Ø [if; - - ×

_ r<ri f ;on fou f _ y i f ; av ; av ; ju D ;wp f c su f c s r don f ?

olr>ESvH k k ;onft7rf;ud kc ke fIaeonf? 7ifc ke foH _re fvGe f ;aomajumif h

toufyifaumif;aumif;@S lr7atmif _zpfae7onf?

rmvmwif[m ØvufpfbD<rf× ygvm;? [k_r<rif;>pdwfxJwGif

od@S d fvd kuf7onf? ØvufpfbD<rf×qdkonfrSm rdef;rcsif;yGwfoyfudkifwG<fum

7rufpdwfa_zwwfonfh trs d K ;orD;rs d K ;ud kac:_cif;_zpfajumif;ud k _r<rif;

em;vnfod@S dvmcJ h7ygonf?

<ckrjumrDrdfrdrSm vufpfbD<rfwpfa<mufESifhtaysmfusL;7awmhrnf

u d k v n f ; o d a e on f ? a j u m u f vn f ; a j u m u f on f ?

25

_ y D ; awm h rn fo d k h aomc H p m ; r S K r s d K ; aw G h ju H K 7 rn f en f ;[ lIvn f ;

odvd kp dwf_yif; _yaeonf?

_r<ri f ;>rsufawmi faum haum h juD ;r sm ;ar S ;pi f ;Iusaeonf?

yg;pyfuav;uvnf; r[w[? bmvkyf7rnfudkvnf;a0cG JIr7Ed lifawmh?

xdkajumifh_r<rif;onf rmvmwif>tudkiftwG<ftyGwftoyfrsm;ajumifh

r d Se f ;ueJ@d Se f ;ueJcHpm;ae7onfhtm@k HwGifom epfa_rmyg0ifoGm;avawmh>?

r mv mw i f >u s i f vn f ao mvu f a c s m i f ; av ; r s m ; on f

_r<rif;0wfxm;aomyifwDtwGif;cHabmif;bDav;> ~Godkif;ae7matmifodk h

w d k ;0i fvmonf? azgi f ;wufaeaomapmufz kwfE S Kwfcr f ;omtpem;ud k

vu f z s m ; aw Gux d r d on f h t c g _ r<r i f ; > E S k w f z s m ; r S Ø t d k ×

[laomnnf;oHav;ay:xGufum cg;aumhwufonf?

Ø e i f h t z k w f u a z g i f ; _ y D ; p d k a e y g h v m ; < r i f ; 7 J h |

eifaumif;aumif;^Smxefae_yDr[kwfvm; ×

rmvmwif>tHjudwfuma_ymvd kufoH dud k _r<rif;jum;7onf?

omreftcs de frsm;wGif' Dvd kta_ymrs d K ;c H7v#if a'gowjuD;_zif hrmvmwifud k

@ d kufESufypfrnf_zpfaomfvnf; <ckawmhb<fvd kr SrvkyfEd li f? 7ifomyd kI

zd karmvmonf?

26

rmvmwif>rsufE Smu_r<rif;>rsufE Smay:tky fr d k ;usvmonf?

_r<rif;bmvkyf7rnfrSef;rodcifrSmyifrmvmwif>ESkwfcrf;zl;zl;av;rsm;onf

_ r< r i f ; > y g ; v S y f a E G ; ax G ; ao m E S K w f c r f ; a y :u sv mon f ?

xd kaemufzduyfpkyf<lonf? r [w[ _ z p f a e a o m _ r < r i f ; >

y g ; p y fx Jo d k h r mvmwi fu @ S mu d kx d k ;o G i f ; a y ;v d ku f aomtc g

_ r<ri f ;on fb< fo lur S _ yaep7mrv d k y J r mvmwi f>@ S mu d k

tm;7yg;7ifyg;pyf_zif hp ky f<lay;vd kufavonf?

t m ; 7 a t m i f p k y f e r f ; _ y D ; a e m u f r m v m w i f on f

zduyfxm;onfhES Kwfcrf;csif;c Gmvd kuf_yD; - - -

Ø b< fv d kv J<ri f ; i gqu f _ y D ;v k y f a y ; 7 rvm ; ?

igvkyfay;wmawGud keifoabmus7J hvm; ×

Tar;c Ge f ;ud kar;vd ku fc s de fw Gi f twGi f ;c Habmi f ;bDatmufod k h

x d k ; E S d ku fxm ; aomrmvmwi f>vu fon f _ r<ri f ;>apmu f ap hu d k

z s p f ! S p f y G w f o y f a y ; a e _ y D _ z p f on f ? t a p h u d k tuv d c H

ae7rS kajumif htouf(14)ESp ft@G<faumifrav;>aoG;om;awGt7rf;ud k

qla0Ed l ;jum;aeonf? zdef;ueJ@S de f ;ueJ_zpfaponfhumrt7omuvnf;

_r<rif ;>wpfud k<fvH k ;v$r f ;y s h Haeygonf? onfvd kta_ctaers d K ;wGi f

_r<ri f ;tz d k h rmvmwifud ktajumuftuef@ ke f ;z<fxGufE d l i fonf hqê

27

b<fvd kvkyf _y D ;@ S dE d li fygrnfenf;?

o d k h a o m f r d e f ; u av ; c s i f ; ' D v d k v k y f w m ro i f h a w m f [ k

awG;xifrSwf<lxm;onfhtcsufuav;uvnf;@S daeaomajumif h

Ø ig- - wdkhESpfa<muf- - 'DvdkrsdK;vkyfwm - -aumif;yghrvm;

rmvm7<f ×

ar;omar;7onf?tm;uawm hr@ S d ? ar;c Ge f ;x kw fv d ku faom

_r<ri f ;>to Hr S m o do domom ju D ;u d kw k e f 7i fv S k y f @ S m ; a eon f ?

olr>wpfudk<fvHk;udk t_cm; rdef;uav;wpfa<mufvkyfcsif7mvkyfaya7mh[k

yH ktyfvd kufonfh t7dyftaiG h awGut_ynfh?

Ø [m - - bmvkdhraumif;7rSmvJ<rif;7Jh? odyfudkaumif;wmaygh?

rdef;uav;awGtzdk hudk<fhrdef;rom;tcsif;csif;cspfjuwm[m ab;tuif;qHk;yJ?

a<mufsm;av;awGud kcspfr dw<fqd k7ifom t÷7m<frsm;wm

rmvmwi f>pum ;o Hucy fw d k ;w d k ; ? o d k h aom f y d k i f E d l i f r S k

uawmht_ynf hyg0ifaeonf? Tpum;rsm;ud ka_ym7if; rmvmwifonf

_ r<ri f ; 0w fxm ; aom tw G i f ; c H y i fw D abm i f ;b Dw d ku av ;u d k

awmi f hwi f ; _ yn f h _ z d K ; aomay gi fv H k ; ju D ; r s m ;wav#mu fcy f _ re f _ re f yi f

28

qG Jc G sw fc sonf ? _r<ri f ;> xr Dav;r S mvnf ;a _yavsm hIaey g _y D ?

tomav;qG Jc sv d ku fv#i f uGi f ;v H k ;uÈw fuso Gm ;rn f ? <c kawmi f

qD;pyfom;wpfyd ki f ;ESi f h aygif7if;wpfbufuay:ae_yD?

rdrd>xrDtcÈwfcH7avawmhrnfvm;[k _r<rif;xifrdao;onf?

odk haomfrmvmwifonfxrDudkrcÈwfao;? _r<rif;tem;rStomcGmoGm;onf?

_r<rif;>em;xJwGi ft0wftpm;cÈwfaeoHrsm;ud kjum;7onf?rmvmwif

wp f a<mu f0w fxm ;aomt0w ftpm ;aw Gu d k c Èw fc G myp f aea jumi f ;

_r<ri f ;o donf? _r<ri f ;onfr su fv H k ;u d kwi f ;wi f ;r d Sw fxm;onf?

t_cm;rdef;uav;wpfa<muf t0wfcÈwfaeonfudk ay:wifjuD;junfh7Jonfh

p dwfr@S dao;yg? @Sufonf?

c^tjumwGi f a_yav#m haeaomxrDvSe fwif _ci f ;ud kc H7onf?

twGi f ;c Habmi f ;b Dvnf ;c Èw fxm; _y D ; _zp f7m xr Dv Se fv d ku fonfE Si f h

_r<rif;>atmufyd ki f ;r Sm yvmusif;oGm;av_yD?

uÈefr7J hud k<fatmufyd ki f ;uawmh vH k ;0ud kyvmusif;vk d haeyg_y D?

rmvmwifqd kwJ haumifruuÈefrxrDud kvSefwif_yD; twGif;om;ay:aewJh

uÈefr7J htzkwfud kaoaocsmcsmjunfhaerSmyJ? uÈefrodygw<f? uÈefru

awmhrsufpdudktwif;rd Swfxm;rdw<f? @Sif;@Sif;a_ym77ifrsufESmvnf;ylw<f?

w_cm;r de f ;uav;wpfa<mufuud k<f htz kwfud kp l ;p d ku fjunf haewke f ;r Sm

rsufESmb<fvk dxm;7rvJqd kwm uÈefrrodbl;av? 'gajumif hrsufpdud k

29

twif;omydwfxm;7wmayg h?

tpy d k i f ; r S m awm hb m aw Gb< fv d k _ z p fu k e f juw< fq d kw m

u È e f r ro d @ d k ; t r S e f y g ? 7 i f t 7 r f ; c k e f _ y D ; p dw f aw Gt7 r f ;u d k

vS ky f@ Sm;aewmud ky Jodw<f?

rmvmwi f7 J hvufawG[m uÈe fr7 J h a _caxmufE Sp fac smi f ;u d k

u d k i f _y D ;tom_z Jxm;w<f? aemufawm hc Hwi fuÈ due J _rn fo Gm ;o Hu d k

jum;vd kuf7w<f? rmvmwifc Hwifay:wufvmvd k h _rnfoH _zp fr Smygy J ?

aemufawmh rmvmwif7J hESm0uxGufvmwJh xGufoufavaEG;aEG;uav;

uÈe fraygi f7i f ;ud k xdawG hvmw<f? rmvmwif7 J hx GufoufavawG

uÈe f rtz kw fu d k aE G ;ue J @ d ku fcw fvmw J htc gu sr S b<fv d kta _c

taer s d K ; _ z p f a y : awm h r< fq d kwmu d k u È e f r aumi f ; aumi f ; ju D ;

oabmayguf7ygawmhw<f?

Ø eif - - eif bmvkyfrvd k hvJ - - [if ×

uÈefrutvefhwjum;a_ymrdw<f? ydwfxm;wJh rsufvHk;awGvnf;

c su fc si f ;y J _yL ;us<f _y D ;y Gi f hu ke fw<f?ure f ;uwe f ;ac gi f ;axmi f _y D ;

junfhvd kufawmh? tvdkav;@Sif? rmvmwifav? @Smav;wpfvpfxkwf_yD;

uÈefrtzkwfud kukef;7ufaewm_rif7awmhwmyJ?

30

trav;av;? b<fvd kb<fvd k _zp fo Gm ;r Se f ;awmi frody gb l ; ?

uÈefrwpfud k<fvH k ;juufoD;awGwzse f ;zse f ;xukefw<f? 7ifxJr Smvnf;

a t ; u e J a E G ; u e J _ z p f w< f ? y g ; p y f uvn f ; y v H k ; y a x G ; e J h

bmawGrSe f;roda7@Gwfvd kufrdw<f?

rmvmwifuuÈefr7J hapmufaphud k@ Sme J h0 d kuf0 d kuf _y D ;7ufay;w<f?

uÈe frav xGufa _y ;z d k h p dw fawmi frul ;r db l ; ? zi f ju D ;u d k ju Gyi f h _y D ;

rmvmwif7ufvdk hyd kaumif;atmif tzkwfudkaumhvdk hawmifay;vdkufrdygw<f?

r m v m w i f u v n f ; t j u d K u f a w G h o G m ; y H k y g y J ?

uÈefr7J hapmufaphe J htzkwfud ktm;7yg;7ud k ukef;ukef;_y D;7ufawmhwmygyJ?

uÈefrrSmw[if;[if;e J hvl;vGe f haumhys HoGm;7awmhwmygyJ?

t J' Dw ke f ;r Smy Jav#mufvSr f ;vmwJ ha _coHcy fz Gz Gu d k jum;7w<f?

'gayr<fhuÈefr[m@kef;rxGufEd lifygbl;? wpfa<mufa<mufvmae_yDqdkwm

odygw<f? uÈefrudk<fudkzH k;zH k;zdzd vkyf7r<fqdkwmudkvnf;em;vnfygw<f?

' g a y r< f h r mvmwi fuu È e f rtz kw ftu G J a jumi f ;tw d k i f ;

@ Smud kt_ym;vd kufuyf_yD;7ufay;vd kuf| tzkwf0ud k@ Smzsm;eJ hxd k ;uvdvd kuf|

apmufap hud k@ Sme J h7ufvd ku f | yg ;py fe J hp ky fv d ku fud kt_ywfvky faewmu

cHvdk haumif;vGef;vSwmajumifh uÈefr[mvl;umvGefhum| aumhumjuGumeJh

31

_zpfcsi fwd ki f ; _zpfae7awmhwmygyJ?

<k<karmfonf_r<rif;ESi f hrmvmwifwd k hE Sp fa<muf@S donfhtcef;xJod k h

a _ cu d k z G e i f ;u mtom av ; av # mu f v S r f ; 0 i f a 7 mu fv mon f ?

t c e f ;x Jw G i f b m aw Gb< fv d k _ z p f a eon fu d k r jun f h E d l i f ao ; y J

yg;pyfr StoHtkyftkyfE Si f ha_ymvd kufonf?

Ø olwdk htvkyf_zpfaeju_yD? rtdkif7if;uav OD;7efyd kifpd k;juD;

t0wfcÈwfay;wmudkr_iif;bl;[? tckolwdk hESpfa<mufcHwifay:rSmt_ywfudk

aomif;usef;aejuw<f? wHcg;vnf;ydwfrxm;bl;[? vmaveifwd k h- ×

< k < k a r m f p u m ; w p f y d k i f ; w p f p E S i f h 7 y f o G m ; o n f ?

o lr>rsufv H k ;! d k! d k ju D ;r sm ;onf _r<ri f ;E Si f h rmvmwi fw d k hu d k p l ;p d ku f

junf haeonf? r d d d r dE Si f hrmvmwifwd k hE Sp fa<muf Øyvl ; ×aejuonfud k

< k< k arm fwp f a<mu fo d @ S do G m ; _ y D _ zp f a jumi f ; _ r<ri f ;o don f ?

t aw m f a v ; @ S u f r d on f ? o d k h a o m f o l r on f r mv mw i f E S i f h

yvl;aerS kud k7yfqd ki f ;ypfEd li fp Gr f;r@S dyg?

_r<rif;>vufacsmif;av;rsm;onfrmvmwif>qHyif@Snf@Snfrsm;udk

q ky fud ki fxm;onf? od k haom frmvmwifud kqG Jzufyp f _ci f ;awm hrvky f ?

rmvmwif>acgif;ud kol haygifjum;od k hy d ka7mufatmifomqGJIcsaeonf?

32

_ r < r i f ; > 7 D a 0 a o m r s u f v H k ; r s m ; u a w m h

oli<fcsif;<k<karmf fud kvSrf;junfhonf?

Ø [<f - - <rif; - - ×

<k<karmfonfcHwifay:wGif_zpfcsifwd ki f ; _zpfaejuonfhrde f;uav;

ESpfa<mufud k pl;7Jp Gmjunfh7if; tvef hwjum;a7@Gwfvd kufonf?

Ø <k<k7<f - - [if h - - <k<k7<f - -×

_ r < r i f ; r S m b m a _ y m 7 r n f r S e f ; r o d ? y g ; p y f z s m ; r S

on fv d koma7@ Gw faer donf ? rmvmwi fonf <k< karm f a@ S hw Gi f

tp Gr f ; _yvd kaomajumi f h _r<ri f ;>tzkwfud k y<fy<fe<fe<fud k

7ufay;p ky fay ;ae7m _r<ri f ;c _rmtajumqG Jovd k wp fu d k< fv H k ;

qwfueJqwfueJwkefcgaeonf? _r<rif;>t_zpfud kjunfh7if;

< k < k a r m f y i f v # i f 7 i f x J w G i f t w k e f t 7 i f _ z p f o n f ?

juufoD;awGtvd kvd kxonf? a_caxmufrsm;wke fum aysm hvmonf?

aumi f ;aumi f ;yi frwfwwf7y fz d k hcufvmaomajumi f h c Hwi fab;wGi f

' l;axmufum xdki fcsvd kuf7onf?

Ø o l - - o l w d k h v k y f a e j uw< f [ J h - -

33

OD;7J htwefjuD;utjuD;juD;yJ? rtdkif7if;OpPmuao;ao;usOf;usOf;uav;?

ig_zifhoGif;vdk h0ifyghrvm;vdkhawmifxifae7wm wu<foGif;awmhvnf;0ifoGm;

wmyJ - - ×

<k<karmfuolrawGhc J h7onfht_zpfud ktarmwaumyifa_ymonf?

_r<rif;rSmawmh<k<karmfa_ymonfud krjum;wcsufjum;wcsuf|

rdrd_zpfysufaeyHkudk<k<karmfuteD;uyfjunfh@S lawGh_rifaeajumif;udk_r<rif;

odonf? od k haomfolrud kolr b<fvd kr Sxdef;Ed li f _cif;r@S dawmh? rdrd>

yg;pyfrSay:xGufvmonfh w^SmaZmawG_ynfhv# Haeaoma7@Gwfnnf;wGm;

o H r s m ; u d k _ r < r i f ; _ y e f j u m ; a e 7 on f ? < k < k a r m f v n f ;

onftoHawGud kjum;rSmygyJ?

rmvmwifrawmh apmufz kwfud ktm;yg;w7yif7ufay;aeonf?

rmvmwifu@Sm_zif hwcsuf7ufay;vd kufwd ki f; umrt7omonf_r<rif;>

wpfud k<fvH k ;ud k _ye f hE S H hv$r f ; _c H Konf? _r<rif;>xdawG hc Hpm;ae7aom

pdwfvSKyf@Sm;zG<faumif;vSonfhpnf;pdrfcsrf;omonfyd kI_rif hwufvmonf?

_r<rif;>aygifvHk;wkwfwkwfav;rsm;onfrmvmwif>acgif;ukdtwif;zd!SyfIxm;onf?

_r<rif;>a_czaemifhrsm;onfudk<fvHk;wD;_zpfaeaomrmvmwif>ausm_yifudk

xk@d kufuefausmufaerdonf?

34

_ r < r i f ; > a o G ; o m ; a w G q l y G u f a y g u f u G J v m on f ?

x d k a e mu f _ yn f h _ yn f h 0 0 ju D ;u d kwp f c s D Ø _ y D ; ×o G m ; 7 avawm hon f ?

tzkwfxJut7nfjunfawG 'va[myif<d d kp dr f htHxGufvmonf?

Ø tm ;y g ;y g ; - -t D ;[ D ;[ D ; - - aumi f ;v d ku fwm- -

7ufay;pr f ;y grmvm7J h- - ig htz kwfud ktm;7yg ;7juD ;7ufay;pr f ;y g ?

eifhukdvnf;ig_yef7ufay;yghr<f?- - trav;av;- -tm;-tm; xGufukef_yD-

- tm;<m;<m;- - tD;-tD;- - xGufukef_yD- -tm; ×

umrpnf ;p dr ftxGy ftxdy fo d k hwufvSr f ;a7muf@ S dv #u f Ø _y D ; ×

o G m ; avaomtc g _ r<ri f ;on ft7r f ;u d kv S K y f S @ S m ; aum hy s Hvmonf ?

ig;7H ht@Sifwpfaumif_ymvl;cHvd kuf7od krs d K ;?

vl;vGefhaumhysHaeavaom_r<rif;wpfa<mufcHwifatmifodkh_yKwfrusoGm;7avatmif

<k<karmfuyif0ifIxdef;ud ki fay;xm;7onf? onfvd ktawGhtjuHKrs d K ;ud k

olr>(14)ESpfwmoufwrf;twGif; _r<rif;wpfa<mufwpfjudrfr#rjuHKzl;

ao;yg? wpfudk<fvHk;zdef;@S def;umaoG;om;tajumtcsOfawGqlyGufukefatmif

t7omcHpm;vd kuf7wmyJ? avmujuD;ud kawmifc^r#arhoGm;7onf?

<ckrdr d _yKrlc J honfht_yKtrlonf obm0rusyJ npfnrf;onfh

tvkyf_zpfajumif;ud kodovdk cHpm;7onfht7omuvnf;tvGef htvGefud k

35

xl;uJvSajumif;udkvnf; _r<rif;0efcHrdonf? onfvdkrdef;rcsif;tzkwf7ufcH

7 a o m a ju m i f h c H p m ; 7 on f h u m r pn f ; p d r f t 7o mu d k vn f ;

_r<rif;>ql_zd K ;paoG;om;awGut_ywfud kp G JrufoGm;cJ havyg_yD?

tenf;i<f_i dr fus_y D ;r d Swfxm;aomrsufvH k ;rsm;z Gi f hvd kufaomtcg

olr>ab;em;c Hwifp Ge f ;wGi frmvmwifxd ki faeonfud k _r<rif; _ri f7onf?

rmvmwif>rsufESmrSmapmapmu tzkwf7ufay;cJ h7onfht@Sdef_zif heD_ref;um

a c È ;u av ; aw G p d k h a eon f ? r mv mwi fon f r su f r S e f o r m ; y g ?

acgif;udktomarmhv#ufrsufvHk;udktomarS;rdSwf_yD; touf_yif;_yif;@SLaeonf?

rmvmwifutawmfudkcspfp7maumif;wmyJ[k_r<rif;>pdwfxJr

Sjudwfum a_ymrdonf? <cifuvdkrmvmwifudkjunfhr7onfhpdwfrsdK;r@Sdawmh?

rmvmwifud k cspfvmrdav_yD?

_r<rif;onfrmvmwif>0wfvpfpvpfc÷mud k<fud kaoao

csmc smyi f junf hr donf? rmvmwif>7i fom;r sm ;onfr d k hr d k h0e f ;0e f ;E Si f h

t awm f av ;x G m ;on f ? t d k i f 7 i f ;u d k r r D S aom fvn f ; _ r<ri f ; E S i f h

<k<karmfwd k hxufawmh yd kjuD;onf?

E d k ho D ; ac gi f ;ucy fao;ao; ? ' gayr<f h awm fawm f@ Sn fonf ?

rmausm_yD;aumhcÈefae7m _r<rif;pdwfxifvufwqpfomomcefhyif@Sdayrnf?

36

@Sy fwd kufaom0rf;ysOfuawmh touf_yif;_yif;@SLaerS kajumif hydefvd kufazmif;

v d ku f _ zp f aeonf ? q D ;py fuvnf ;cy f @ S y f @ S y f ? ay gi fu d k ap hxm ;I

tz kw fu d k awm hr _ri f E d k i f ? q D ;py f @ S d apmu far $ ; E k e k av;r s m ;u d k awm h

aumif;p Gm_ri f7onf? _r<rif;>tzkwfuawmh tar$;raygufao;yg?

r d r d > t a r $ ; r @ S d y J a _ y m i f p i f a e a o m t z k w f a j u m i f h

_r<ri f ;@ Sufovd kvd k _zp fr dy gonf? rmvmwifwd k hv d k tar $ ;av;awG

aygufcsi faeyg_y D?

apmapmutirf;r7a_ymqdkcJ hrdonfhpum;rsm;udk_r<rif;_yeftrSwf

7aeonf? rmvmwif>tzkwfud k7ufay;7v#if- - [laomtawG;_zif h

@ Sufpdwf0ifum rsufESmuav;7JueJ_zpfonf?

xdktcsdefrSmyif<k<karmfu_r<rif;vufarmif;udktomqkyfudkifv#uf

- -

Ø v m a v[ m i g e J h v d k u f c J h p r f ; y g ?

OD;eJhrtdkif7if;vkyfaejuwmudkoGm;junfh7atmif? odyfjunfhvdk haumif;wm[?

wDcsma':xm;eJ hO D ;atmifxl;juD;vkyfwmxufyd kaumif;w<f? ×

_r<ri f ;onf<k<karm fq G Jx lonfud ktm; _y Kum c Hwi fay:r S

q i f ; v d k u f o n f ? a _ y a v s m h a e a o m x r D u d k y i f r o d r f ; r d ?

37

x d k a ju m i f h c Hw i f ab ;w G i f rw fww f 7 y fv d k u fon f E S i f h x r Don f

uGif;vH k ;yH kIuÈwfusoGm;onf?

_ r<ri f ;on fu Èw fu so G m ; aomxr Du d k aumu f< l 0w fqi f

raeawmh? olronf0wfvpfpvpf_zif htdrfxJwGif v#mufoGm;vd kp dwfrsm;

r jumc^_zp f ay : c J hon f ? <c kon ft d r fx J r S m awm h @ Su f p7mv l |

ajumuf7rnfhvnf;r@S d[k _r<rif;uowfrSwfonf?

rmvmwifESifh<k<karmfwdkhuolr>wpfudk<fvHk;udkr_rifcsiftqHkkk;_zpfcJhju_yD?

tdkif7if;rSmvnf;udk<fvHk;wD;cÈwfumtvdk;cHaeonfrdkhbmrS@Sufajumufaep7mrvdkawmh?

7efyd ki fp d k ;uaum - -

7efy d ki fp d k ;tae_zif hr dr dud kwpfjudr fr[kwfwpfjudr fvky fawmhr Smud k

_r<rif;taotcsmodonf? _r<rif;uvnf; 7efyd kifpd k ;vkyfwmcHjunfhcsif

ygonf? onfawmh7efyd kifpd k;udkvnf;@Sufp7mvl[k oabmxm;raeawmhyg?

xkdajumifh_r<rif;onfyHkv#ufom;usoGm;aomxrDav;udkonftwdkif;yifxm;cJhum

<k<karm fE Si f htwlvd kufoGm;onf? olrwd k haemufr Srmvmwifuvnf;

ud k<fvH k k ;wD;ESi f hyifvd kufygvmcJ honf?

r de f ;uav;oH k ;a<muf[m avSum;uae_y D ;txyfc d k ;ay:

wufvmcJ hjuw<f? <k<karmfuvrf;_yayg h? tay:xyfrSmtdyfcef;

38

ESpfck<SOfv#ufom;@S daew<f? <k<karmfunmzuftdyfcef;udkar;aigh_yw<f?

oH k ;a<mufom;nmbuftdy fce f ;em;od k ha _cz Gei f ; _y D ;tomwd k ;uyfoGm;ju

awmhwmygy J?

tcef;wHcg;uydwfraebl;? r[w[av;awmif_zpfaevd kufao;?

av#mufvSrf;csO f;uyfoGm;ae7if;td ki f7if;7J htoHwd k ;wd k ;av;ud k _r<rif;p_yD;

jum;vd kuf7w<f? oJoJuG JuG Jr[kwfwmajumif hbma_ymrSe f ;awmhrod

ygbl;? 'gayr<fhtoHuwdk;wd k ;wke fwke fav;eJ h7rufawG_ynf hv# Haewmud k

awmhodw<f? jum;rdwJ h _r<rif;7J hp dwfvnf; vSKyf@ Sm;p_yKvmwmayg h?

tcef;xJrSmrD;xGef;rxm;bl;? _yLwif;aygufudkvnf;ydwfxm;w<f?

tce f ;pnfvnf;c sxm;w<f? 'gajumi f htvif ;a7mi fody fraumi f ;bl ; ?

v H k ; v H k ; j u D ; a r S m i f a e w m a w m h r [ k w f y g b l ; a v ?

0d k ;w0g;tvif;a7mifav;awmh@ S dw<f 'gayr<f hppcsi f ;awmh_r<rif;wd k h

bmud kr SoJoJuG JuG Jr_rif7ao;bl;?

tJ- -rsufpdusifhom;7vmwJhtcgusawmhrSaumif;aumif;_rif7w<f?

tdk_rif7w<fqdkwmeJh_r<rif;wpfa<muf 7ifzd kvSdKufarmoGm;7awmhwmygyJ?

7e fy d k i f p d k ; e J ht d k i f 7i f ;w d k h E S p f a<muftm ;7y g ;7v d k ; ae juwmy gwum; ?

ESpfa<mufvH k;t0wfawGr@S djubl;?

39

ud k<fvH k ;w D ;yvmusi f ;vd k h ? 7e fy d ki fp d k ;utay:uvd k ;aew<f?

tk di f7if;uatmufu? 7efyd ki fp d k ;ucyfjurf;jurf;aqmif haqmif hvd k ;aeovdk

atmufutvd k ;c HaeavwJ ht d ki f7i f ;uvnf; wvl;vl ;wvGe f hv Ge f h e J h ?

Ad kvfu_ym;rav;7Jh_zL0if;a_zmifhpif;wJhaygifwefjuD;ESpfcku axmifvdk h?um;vdk h?

_ y J v d k h ? a p mu f z k w fx Ju d k v D ; a c s m i f ; ju D ; aq m i f h o G i f ; v d k u f ?

_ye fx kwfvd ku fe J hy<fy<fe<fe<fvd k ;aewJ h7e fy d ki fp d k ;7 J hausm _yi f juD ;ud k

td ki f7if;uvufuav;ESpfbufeJ hrsm;awmifzufwG<fxm;vd kufavao;7J h?

7 e f y d k i f p d k ; e J h t d k i f 7 i f ; v d k ; a e j u w m u d k j u n f h 7 i f ;

_ r<ri f ;wp f a<mu fvn f ;umrp dw f aw GE d k ; jum ;wu f Ïuvmw<f ?

apmufzkwfxJuvSKyf@Sm;vmw<f? wpfud k<fvH k;vnf;xlxlylyl_zpfvd k h?

tJ'Dtcs de fr SmyJrmvmwifu_r<rif;7J haemufem;ud k wd k;uyf

vmw<f? ol hvufawGuz@d kz7 J _zp faewJ h _r<rif ;7 J htuô satmufxJu

wdk;0ifvmw<f?tumtuG<ftpnf;taemifuif;rJhaewJhEdkhtHkawGudkqkyfudkifqkyf

e<fw<f? tdk- -_r<rif;av? juufoD;awGzsef;ueJxoGm;7w<f?odvm;?

Ø a<mu f s m ;v d k ;w m c H 7 7 i fvn f ; aumi f ;wmy J<ri f ; 7 J h ?

eifvnf;OD;vd k ;wmud kc Hjunfhayg h [kwfvm;? ×

40

rmvmwifu<rif;7 J hem;@ Gufem;ud kyg;pyfuyf_y D ;wd k ;wk d ;av;

a _ymw<f? a_ym7i f ;em ;@ Gu fz sm ;av;ud ktom@ Sme J h7u fay;v d ku fwm

_r<rifcrsm<m;usdus de J hwGe f hueJ_zpfoGm;w<f?

Ø tJ'DvD;acsmif;juD;tzkwfxJxd k;oGif;_yD;vd k ;wmudkeifrcHjunfhcsif

bl ;vm; × rmvmwifuxyfa_ym_ye fw<f? <rif ;7 J hp dwfxJuvnf;

tcktdkif7if;tvdk;cHovdkrsdK;cHjunfh77ifodyfaumif;rSmyJqdkwJhtawG;awGay:vm

ygawmhw<f?

41

tcef;(3)

_r<rif;onftdyfaysm fae7mrSvef hE d k ;vmonf? ylaEG;tdaxG;aom

aygi fvH k ; juD;wpfc kuolrud kxdv#uf@ S donfud k _r<rif;owd_yKr donf?

_ ywi f ; ay gu fw H c g ;u d k y dw fIce f ; pn f ; aw Gvn f ; c sxm ;aoma jumi f h

tcef;xJwGiftvif;a7mifcyf0g;0g;om@S daeonf?

tce f ;pnf ; jum;r Sawmufyaomaea7mi f _cnfud kawG hE d k i fonf?

r Ge f ;vG Jy d ki f ;tcs de favmufom@S drnf[kcef hr Se f ;7onf? _r<rif;onftom

rsufpdupm;junfh7molr>ab;em;wGiftdyfaysmfaeavaom<k<karmfudkawGh

7onf? <k<karmfrSmbmt0wftpm;rS0wfrxm;awmh?

_r<rif;onf<k<karmf>0wfvpfpvpfud k<fvH k ;ud kjunfhr donf?

xk daemuf_yD;c J honfht_zpftysufrsm;ud k _yefpOf;pm;rdonf? _ r < r i f ; |

<k<karmfESif hrmvmwifwdk hoH k;a<mufonf tdkif7if;ba7mif;ESif h7efyd kifpd k ;wd k h

vd k ;aejuonfud k aumif;aumif;juD;awG h _rifc J hju7onf? Ad kvf fu_ym;r

av;ud k 7efy d ki fp d k ;c saeyH kud k junf h7i f ; olwd k hoH k k ;a<muf7rufp dwfawG

qla0wufjuGvmcJ hjuonf?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;>vS Ky f@ Sm ;vky faqmi fy H kr sm ;onfq7mra':xm;7i fud k

42

v d k ; c J h o l u d k at m i fx l ;u J h o d k h @ k e f h 7 r f ; ju r f ;w r f ; _ c i f ; r @ S d y g ?

nifnifomomESif haumif;rGe f at;aq;onf? od k haomf7v'fawGuawmh

twlwlyif?

ud katmi fxl ;>@ ke f h7r f ; jurf ;wrf ; _y D ;t!Smtwmuif ;r J hv Saom

tvdk;taqmifhrsm;atmufwGifa':xm;7ifwpfa<mufw^SmaZmawGjuGum

umrt7omaumif;aumif;juD;cHpm;cJ h7ovdk 7efyd kifpk d ;>nifomat;aq;

a o m tv k d ; t a q m i f h r s m ; o n f t d k i f 7 i f ; b a 7 m i f ; u d k

umrpn f ;p d r ft _yn f ht0ju D ;c H pm ;apc J hon f ? t d k i f 7i f ;wp fa<muf

wtD;tD;wtm;tm;ESif hpnf;pdrf<pfrl;aeonfudkaoaocsmcsm_rifju7onf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;onfrde f ;rwpfa<mufud kw^SmaZmtxefjuD;xefv#uf

t@Sufuke fum umrt7omud kr de f ;r de f ;r l ;r l ;c Hpm;7atmifvky fay;Ed li fp Gr f ;

@ S dajumif;_r<rif;wd k h ud k<fwd ki fawG h _rifc J hju7onf?

onfaemu fw Gi fawm htm;v H k ;yi fv Gw fu ke f juavawm honf ?

_r<rif;wd k hoH k ;a<mufonf{nf hcef;em;@S dtdyfcef;av;od k h _yefvmjuonf?

<k<karmfESif hrmvmwifwdk hESpfa<mufwpfa<mufudkwpfa<mufayG hzufum

yv l ; a e juon fu d k _ r< r i f ; u ab ; r S a e I ao aoc s m c s mu d k

xk difIjunfhaecJ honf?

43

Ø igwdkh_zpfysufcJhjuwmawGuigwdkhudk<fwdkifrsuf_rifudk<fawGhayr<fh

<HkEdkifp7mawmifr@Sdbl;? raehwpfaehuwkef;uqdk7if 'Dvdkrdef;uav;tcsif;csif;

y Gwfju|erf;ju|tzkwfEd S KufjuwmawGrs d K ;ud kp dwfawmif rul;rdc J hjubl;?

a< mu f s m ; e J h r d e f ; rv d k ; w< fq d k w mu d k vn f ; b m r S e f ; aw m i f

a 7 a 7 7 m 7 mo d c J h ju7wm r[ kw fb l ; ? a[m ' D a e h aw m ht m ;v H k ;

a_ymif;qefukefju_yD? ×

_r<rif;>pdwfxJrSwD;wd k ;a7@Gwfrdonf?

<k<karmfonfwpfcsufa<mif<rf;nnf;wGm;umcyfapmif;apmif;av;

tdyfae7mrS tomvdSr f hxGufoGm;7m yufvufpif;pif;av; _zpfoGm;onf?

<k<karmfrSm_r<rif;ESi f h@ G<fwl(14)ESpforD;om_zpfaomfvnf; tzkwfrSm

awm h a p mu f ar $ ; E k E k av ;r s m ; ay gu f p _ y K a e _ y D ? w@ kw fu _y m ; rr d k h

r[d krkef;"mwfyd krsm;umapmufar$;apmapmaygufavovm;awmhrodwwfyg?

<k<karmf>apmufar$;uav;rsm;onf wpfckESif hwpfckap;uyfIaejuonf?

r mv mw i f E S i f h t _ y e f tv S e f t z k w f 7u f a y ; p O f u t e f x G u f

cJ haomt7nfjunfrsm;acsmufuyfaerSKajumif h _zpfonf

< k< k a r m f E S i f h r mv mw i f w d k h E S p f a< mu f t i r f ; r 7 _ z i f h

wpfa<muftzkwfwpfa<muf7ufay;vdkufju| tzkwfcsif;uyfumyGwfju|

w p f a < m u f u d k w p f a < m u f a y G h z u f e r f ; @ S K y f j u _ z i f h

44

np f n r f ; y u f pu f p G m v k y f c J h j u y H k r s m ; u d k _ y e f p O f ; p m ; r d a w m h

_r<rif;>7ifxJvSKyf@Sm;um aygif7if;wGifvnf;<m;ovdkvdk_zpfvm7onf?

_ r < r i f ; on f r d r d > a y g i f j u m ; u k d _ y e f j un f h r d on f ?

aygifcsefwGifapmuf7nfjunfrsm;ayusefacsmufuyfaeonfukd owd_yKrdonf?

rmvmwi fE S i f h< k< karm fw d k h yv l ;ae juonfu k dte D ;uy f junf h @ S L7i f ;

r d r d>tz kw fu d k r d r d _ y e f y Gw f | apmu f ac g i f ;x Jvu f! d S K ;x d k ;xn f h |

apmufaphud k!SyfqG J po_zif hvkyfc J hy H krsm;ud k _yefowd7awmh _r<rif;>

r s u f E S m a v ; e D 7 J w G w f v mon f ? w p f _ y d K i f e u f x J r S m vn f ;

7rufaZmt[kefuEd k ;jum;p_yKvm_yD?

To d k h 7 r u f E d k ; j u m ; v m r S K a j u m i f h o l r > r d k h 0 e f ; p

Ed k htH kay:r SE d k hoD;acgi f ;av;rsm;aumhaxmifp lwufvmjuonf? <ckr Syi f

rdrdrSmvnf;t0wfryg| udk<fvHk;wD;_zifh@S daeajumif;udk_r<rif;owd_yKrdonf?

o n f t w d k i f ; u d k < f v H k ; w D ; j u D ; a e v d k h u a w m h r o i f h y g ?

xk dajumif h _r<rif;onft0wfawG_yef0wf7if;c Hwifatmufod k hqif;onf?

Ø i g o l w d k h e J h t w l ' D u d k v d k u f v m z d k h r o i f h b l ; ?

igpdwfigxdef;vd k h7rSmr[kwfbl;? olwkd hvkyfjuovdkigvnf;vd kufvkyfrdrSmyJ?

- - [dk OD;7efyd ki fp d k ;juD;vkyfwm udkvnf;igcHcsifcH7vdrf hr<f?- - tif;-

-?

45

c Hwi f a y : r Sqi f ; 7 i f ; _ r<ri f ;>p dw fx Jw G i f aw G ; r don f ?

c Hwi fatmi fo d k h a7mu faomtc g _r<ri f ;tz k d h _y\emwp fc k E S i f h

ju H K 7 avawm hon f ? o lw d k h c G sw f yp fxm ; c J h aomt0w ftpm ; aw G

wp f c k r S @ S m raw G h awm h ? tce f ;wp f ae7m7mr s m ; a7mu faervm ;[ k

vd kuf@Smjunfhrnft_yKwGi f tcef;xJodkhav#mufvSrf;0ifvmaoma_coHrsm;udk

jum;7onf?

xdkaemuf- -?

Ø ajomf- -orD;wd k hu'DrSmud k;? OD;_zif hvd kuf@Smvd kuf7wm- -? ×

pum;oHE Si f htwltcef ;xJod k h7e fy d ki fp d k ;av#mufvSr f ;0i fvmonf?

7e f y d k i f p d k ;on f c sn f y kq d k ; y g ; y g ;wp fxn fu d k c g ;w G i f pn f ;xm ;on f ?

tay:yd ki f ;wGi fbmrSr0wfxm;?

_r<rif;r Smud k<fvH k ;wD;_zpfae7rS KtwGuftawmfyiftaecufum

nmvufud k7i fbwfay:tky fwifum b<fvufz0g;ud kawmhaygi fjum;r S

tzkwfav;ud kz H k k ;tkyfxm;vd kufonf?

7 e f y d k i f p d k ; u _ r<r i f ;u d k w p f c su f jun f h _ y D ; _ y H K ; _ yon f ?

xd kaemuftcef ;xJod k hqufIav#muf0i fvmonf? wHcg ;aygufr Swd k ;0i f

46

v m a o m tv i f ; a 7 m i f u d k _ z w f t o G m ; w G i f _ r < r i f ; >

pdwfxJwGifcs DwH kcswH k _zpfaeonf?

<k<karmfuawmhw@kwfu_ym;rav;yDyD _r<rif;xufyd k7 Jonf?

cHwifay:wufvmaom7efyd kifpd k;teD;okd htom;csif;xdatmifwdk;uyfoGm;onf?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;uvnf;b<faer SmvJ? tem;od k hw d k ;uyfvmwJ hw@ kwfu_ym;

rav;ud kcyfy d ki fy d ki fy Jod ki f ;zufvd kufwmayg h? xd kod k hod ki f ;zufvd kufcs de fwGif

< k < k a r m f >u d k < f av ;on fqw fu e J w k e f v S K y f o G m ; on f u d k

_r<rif;owd_yKvd kufrdonf?

_r<ri f ;r S mvnf ;u d k< fw d k i ftzu fc H7wmr[kw fao;y gy J E S i f h

7ifxJ'de f ;ueJcke fonf?

Ø rmvmaum b<fa7mufaerSe f;rodbl; ×

< k < k a r m f u a r ; v d k u f o n f ? x d k o d k h a r ; 7 i f ;

7efyd ki fp d k ;>aygifay:od k hvufwpfbufud ktomwifvd kufonf?

Ø rmvmwi fvm; ? t d k i f7i f ;q Du d ko G m ;aew<f? [d k- -

td ki f7if;urmvmeJ hwpfa_ymif;wpfvJvkyfjunf hcsi fao;w<fav? - -

orD;wd k hem;vnf7J hvm;? ×

47

t d k i f 7 i f ; E S i f h r m v m w i f w d k h b m v k y f a e j u r n f u d k

_r<rif;csufcsi f ;yifodvd kufyg_y D? xd kod k hodvd kufonf htwGuf_r<rif;>

pdwftm@H krsm;Ed k ;jum;um tzkwfxJupd kp dp d _zpfvmonf?

7e fy d k i fp d k ;u<k<karm fu k do d k i f ;zufxm;7mr Svufud ktomatmufbuf

od k ha@ $ honf? xk dod k ha@ $ h7mwGi faumifrav;>ausm_yi fav;ud k cyf@ G@ G

av;rodromyGwfoyfoGm;onf? <k<karmf>7ifcke fvmonf? <k<karmf

>w i f y g ; v H k ; v H k ; u s p f u s p f av ;u d k to mvu f _ z i f h q k y f u m

cyfwif;wif;av;zspf!Spfvk dufonf?

Ø [if h- -OD;uvJ ×

< k < k a r m f u c y f ! k ! k a v ; a _ y m u m

7efyd kifpd k;>7ifcGifxJtomwdk;0ifonf? olr>tdxGm;aomnmbuf7ifom;u

7efyd ki fp d k ;>vufarmif;7if;ud kxdrdonf?

7 e f y d k i f p d k ; u o G < f 0 d k u f r a e a w m h ? w J h w d k ; y i f

cyf@Si f;@ Si f;a_ymcsvd kufavawmhonf?

Ø uJ- -OD;wk d hvnf;aysmfju7atmifvm;- - ×

48

Øay sm f × ju7atmi fqd konfr Sm Øvd k ; × juzd k ha _ym_ci f ; _zp fajumi f ;

<k<karmfa7m_r<rif;ygem;vnfjuonf?

a u m i f r a v ; E S p f a < mu f v H k ; r S m a o G ; q l u m 7 ru f

pdwfawGEd k;jum;aeonf_zpf7m 7efyd kifpd k;a_ymonfudk_iif;y<fvdkpdwfrsm;vHk;0

r@S dju? od k haom fq<fausm fouft@G<fcsmwdwfav;rsm;r k d h oabmwl

ajumif;wpfwpfcGcGxkwfa_ymzd k huvnf; ESKwfr7Jjuay?

_ r<ri f ; E S i f h< k< k ar m fw d k hwp f a<mu f r su f E S mwp f a<mu f

junfhvd kufjuonf?

Ø b<fvd kvJ orD;wd k h7 J h? OD;e J hwlwlraysmfcsi fjubl;vm; ×

7efyd ki fp d k ;uxyfar;onf?

onfaumifrav;ESp fa<mufud kr dr doabmusvd k ;I7Ed li fonfud k

7efyd kifpd k;odygonf? olwdk hav;awGub<fvdk_yefa_zrnfudkodvdkaomajumifh

xyfar;_cif;_zpfonf?

49

_r<rif;xufpmv#ifESKwfoGuf_yD;7J7Jwif;wif;@Sdaom <k<karmfuyif

_yefta_zay;onf?

Ø [d k- -[dk- - olrsm;wd k hud kO D ;uematmifjuifatmifawmh

rvkyfygbl;aemf ×

<k<karmfonfoli<fcsif;rsm;ESif hr[kwfv#if olrudk<folr Øolrsm;×

[ka_ymavh@S donf? <ck olrsm;wd k h[ka_ymvd kuf_cif;r Sm rdrdud k<fvnf;

xnfhuma_ym_cif;_zpfajumif;_r<rif;odonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;r SmwpfcsufawGoGm;onf? toufi<f@G<fvGef;vSaom

aumifrav;rsm;ud k vd k;7rSmvdyf_ymroef hovdk_zpfaeonf?

wpfbufwGif vd k;uvnf;t7rf;vd k ;csifaeonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;u<k<karmf>7ifom;wpfbufud kcyfomomav;

qkyfud ki fvd kufum- -

Ø or D ;w d k h t 7 r f ; tou f i< f juwmu d k O D ;o d y gw< f ?

'gajumifhorD;wdkhudkematmifjuifatmifrvkyfcsifygbl;? orD;wdkhaumif;aumif;

t7omawGhatmifomvkyfay;csifwmyg? pdwfcs [kwfvm; ×

50

a _ y ma _ y mq d kq d k y J 7 e f y d k i f p d k ;on f < k< k ar m fu d k c Hwi f ay :

tomyufvufvSe fum vS Jody fvd kufonf? 'gud kjunf h7if ; _r<rif;r Sm

t7rf;ud kp dwfvSKyf@Sm;vmonf? _yD;awmhqufvufIvnf;onftwdki f;7yf

raecsi f? bmvkyf7rnfrSe f ;rodaomajumif h 7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f h <k<karmf

wd k hud komrsufvH k;t0d ki f;om;ESif hjunfhaerdonf?

Ø t J [ d kw Hc g ; jum ;r S mc H k y k av;@ S dw< f ? or D ; c^<l _y D ;

x d k i f a e O D ; a y g h [ k w f v m ; ? p d w f u d k a t ; a t ; x m ; o r D ; 7 m ?

bmrSajumufp7mr@S dbl;? orD;vnf;aysm f7rSmayg h [kwfvm; ×

7 e f y d k i f p d k ;u _ r<ri f ;u d kv S r f ; jun f h _ y D ; aw m h a _ y mon f ?

ol>toHonfjui femr S Kr sm ;<Sufor f ;aeonf? a_ymy H kq d ky H kuvnf;

_ i i f _ i i f o mo m @ S d on f ? _ r<r i f ; >v S K y f @ S m ; a e ao m p d w fu d k

tawmfav;_idr foGm;aponf?

Ø [kwf [kwfuJ h - - OD; ×

_r<ri f ;uwd k ;w d k ;av;a_ymum wHc g ; jum;o d k ho Gm ; junf h7m

judrf_zif h _yKvkyfxm;aomckefy ky k0 d ki f ;0 d ki f ;av;ud kawG h7onf? _r<rifonf

xdkck Hav;udkqG J<lumxkdifcsvdkufonf? tcef;uodyfrus<fvSonfhtwGuf

51

_ r<r i f ;x d k i f on f h a e 7 m r Sq d kv # i f c Hw i f a y : @ S d< k< k a r m f E S i f h

7efyd ki fp d k ;wd k h>vSKyf@Sm;rS krsm;ud k aumif;aumif;juD;_rifEd li f awGhEd li fygonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;u <k<karmf7J hE S kwfcrf;zl;z l;@ G@ Gav;awGud k zduyf_yD;

pkyferf;w<f? <k<karmfuvnf;@Suf@G H hraeygbl;? aemufwGef hraeygbl;?

7J7Jwif;wif;oGufoGufvufvufyJ 7efydkifpdk;udk_yeferf;w<fav? 'Dawmhyg;pyf

_ c i f ; x d u y f _ y D ; t _ y e f t v S e f p k y f < l a e j uw J h t o H a w G [ m

w_yGy f _y Gy fud k _rnfoGm;awmhwmygy J?

' Dv d kp ky fer f ;ae7i f ;7e fy d k i fp k d ;u<k<karm fay gi f jum;utzkwfud k

vu f 0 g ; e J ht k y f _ y D ; c y f @ G @ G av ;y Gw f ay ;w< f ? b< f e~ d kuwn f ;u

7rufp dw fawGxjuGaewJ hOp Pm? tc kvd ky Gw fay;vd ku fawm htz kwf[m

t7rf;udkazmif;wufvmwmaygh? t7nfawGvnf;@$rf;@$rf;pdkae_yD? <k<karmf[m

7efyd ki fp d k ;7 J h7ifc Gi fxJrSmvl;umvGef hum_zpfaeygw<f? wufvd k ;r<fqd k7if

aumif;aumif;juD;vd k ;E d li f _y Dayg h?

' g a y r< f h 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; u wu f rv d k ; a o ; y g b l ; ? ' D v d k

wufrcsao;wm[mtajumif;E Sp fc k@ S daew<f? wpfc ku <k<karmfud k

^ S m a w G t 7 r f ; x e f v m a t m i f t _ y w f E S d K ; q G a y ; c s i f w < f ?

olb<fvd ky J!Sm_yD;vkyfvkyf <k<karmf7J htoufu t7rf;i<fwmqdkawmh

52

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53

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54

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55

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56

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57

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58

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59

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60

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61

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62

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63

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7efy d ki fp d k ;uwwGwfwGwfa_ymaew<f?

64

<k<karm fvD ;p ky fay;wm tawmfc Hvd k haumif ;y gw<f?7e fy d ki fp d k ;

t z d k h t 7 o m a w G h w m uvn f ; t r S e f y g y J ? ' g a y r < f h

<k<karmf7J hapmufzkwfud kcscsifao;w<fav?

a [ m 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; u< k < k a r m f 7 J h y g ; p y f x J u

olhvD;juD;ud kqG Jxkwf<lvd kuf_yD? v D ; p k y f 7wmu d kt _ yw fu d k c d ku f a e _ y D

_zpfwJ h<k<karmfu 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud k _zwfueJ harmhjunfhw<f?

Ø orD ;ud kwufvd k ;awmhrvd k hy guG? uJ yufvufvSe fvd kuf |

_yD;awmh'l;axmif_yD; aygifum;xm; ×

7efyd ki fp k d ;ua_ymvd kufw<f?

< k< k a r m fuvn f ;tv d k ; c H c s i f a e y gw< f ? 7 e f y d k i f p d k ;u

v d k ; a w m h r < f q d k a w m h a u s e y f o a b m u s o G m ; w m a y g h ?

c sufc si f ;y Jar G h<may:r SmyufvufvSe ft dy f _y D ; ' l ;av;E Sp fbufaxmi f |

ay g i fwe f _ z L _ z Lw kw fw kw f ju D ; e S p f c ku d k um ;ay ;xm ;v d ku fw< f ?

apmufz kw fuawmhaz gi f ; ju Gp d k@ $ J _y D ;aoG ;av;awGrp d k hwp d k h _zp faeav7J h ?

apmufzkwfav;u vdk;awmhr<fhvD;wefjuD;udkyGpdyGpdeJh iHhvifhjudKqdkaeav7Jh?

7 e f y d k i f p d k ;uw@ kw fu _ y m ; r av ; 7 J hu d k< f a y :wu f c Gv d ku fw< f ?

b< f avmu f r s m ; 7 Jwi f ;w J h< k< k a r m fvn f ;q d k 7 i f 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; 7 J h

65

vD;juD ;ud kvufe J hq ky fu k di f _y D ;tz kwf0r Smud k qG Jawhay;vd ku fwmom

junfhawmh?

_r<rif;tonf;ud k<m;oGm;wmyJ? olhtvSnf hus7if' Dvd kvkyf7Jr Sm

r[kwfbl;vd k hvnf;awG;r dw<fav? aumifrav;u'Dvd kawhay;r Sawmh

tay:uieJom;vnf;b<faeEd lifawmhrSmvJ? vD;udkzdxd k;xnfhvdkufwmaygh?

Ø Aspf- -bGyf- - ×

vD;'pfjuD;apmufacgif;xJ_rKyf0ifoGm;w<f?

Ø tm;yg;yg;- -OD;7<f ×

atmif hueJemayr<fh t7omtawGhxl;vSwmajumif h <k<karmf

wkefwcd kufcd kufeJ ha7@Gwfrdw<f?

7efyd ki fp d k ;uxyfzdcsawmh| vD;w0ufavmuf0ifvmw<f?

Ø tm;uÈwfuÈwf- -emw<fOD;7<f _znf;_znf;oGif;aemf [ifh[ifh

×

66

emvdk hp kwfoyfnnf;ayr<fh toGif;7yfzd k hawmhrawmif;yefbl;aemf?

_znf;_znf;oGi f;z d k homa_ymwm?

7efy d ki fp d k ;uvnf;ody frjurf;ygbl;? i<fi<fEkE kaumifrav;ud k

wufvd k ; aewmy J[m? ' Davmufawmhvnf;!Smr Say g h ? r[kwf7i f

aumifrav;vefhoGm;vdrfhr<f? b;ujunfhaewJh_r<rif;ygvefhoGm; 7ifawmh

ol hpm;aygufawGtukefydwf ukefrSmodaew<fav?

'gajumif hvD;ud kwxpfcsif;yJt omacsmhoGif;w<f?vD;wefjuD;u

usO f ; juy faew J h apmu fac gi f ; ay gu fav; xJu d kwt dt dw d k ;0i fw<f ?

awmuf? pD;yd ki faewmyJ?u s O f ; juy fv d k h a ewmy J ? a e mu fq H k ; awm h

vD;wpfacsmif;vH k ; aumifrav;7J hapmufacgif;xJud k0ifoGm;ygawmhw<f?

Ø or D ; a _ c axmu f aw Gu d k O D ; 7 J h c g ; a y : r S m juu f a _ ccw f _ y D ;

cs dwfxm;vd kuf- - ×

vD;tqHk;0ifoGm;_yD;aemuf 7efyd kifpk d ;a_ymoHuenf;enf;us<fw<f?

< k< k ar m fu d k a _ y mwm _ zp f ayr< f h _ r<ri f ;vn f ; jum ; apc s i fv d k h

wrifa_ymvd kufwmygyJ?

67

<k< k a r m fuvn f ; 7e f y d k i f p d k ; a _ y mw J htw d k i f ;v k y fw< f ?

a_caxmufawGud kaÕrmuf_yD;7efyd ki fp d k ;7 J hcg;ay:rSm a_ccsif;0wfcsif;vdefcs dwf

xm;vd kufw<f?

7 e f y d k i f p d k ; u< k < k a r m f 7 J h u d k < f a y : a r S m u f c s w< f ?

7 i f c s i f ; t y f r d o G m ;w m a y g h ? vu f aw Gu d k at mu f zu fu k d y d k h _ y D ;

<k<karmf7 J hwifyg;vH k ;vH k ;usp fuspfav;awGud k yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fud ki fw<f?

u su s e et a etx m ; _ y i f _ y D ; w m e J h 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; u t m ; @ S d y g ; @ S d

aqmif hvd k ;awmhwmygyJ?

aqmi f h c su f aw Gutawm f _ yi f ;w< f ? _re fvn f ; _ re fw< f ?

tm;_yif; _yif;e J h _ref _refoGufoGufaqmif hvd k ;aewm? <k<karm f[m tckr S

yxr O D ;q H k ; t ju d r f d ptv d k ; c H b l ;w m _ z p f a y r< f h 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; 7 J h

aqmi f h c su f aw Gu d k r _ z K e fb l ; ? atmu fuae zi f ju D ;u d k awmi f

aumhyifvS ky fcgay;vd kufao;w<f?

Ø bGyfzGwfzkwfzwf- -bGyfzkwfzGwfzwf- - ×

Ø td k[if h[if h- -OD;7<f- - ×

68

Ø bGyfbGyfbGyf- -tm;tif h- -bGyf ×

t m ; _ y i f ;o Gu fvu fv S aom aqmi f hv d k ; c su f r s m ;u d k c H 7 i f ;

<k<karmfwpfa<mufwpfcs D _y D;wpfcs DqufIØ_yD;× aeonf?

_ r<ri f ;x d k i f a e aomae7mr Sq d kv # i f v D ; E S i f h a p mu f z kw f

wdk h>taetxm;udkxif@Sm;pGmr_rifEd lif? tay:rSzifa_ymifjuD;wvSkyfvSkyfESif h

vd k ;aerS KE Si f h atmufrSzif_zL_zLjuD;w<rf;<rf;ESi f htvd k;c Haeonfud kom

awG hE d li fonf?

xdkajumif h _r<rif;onf cHwifa_c7if;od k hc ke fy kav;ud ka_ymif;um

junfhonf? Tae7mod k ha_ymif;vd kuf Rr S _rifuGif;uyd kIaumif;vmonf?

apmuf7nfjunfawG@$ Jp d kum ta7mifa_ymifvufaeonfhvD;acsmif;juD;

apmufacgif;xJ wdk;0if_yefxGufaeonfud k twdki f;om;_rif7onf?

'gwifb<furSmvJ?

7efyd ki fp d k ;u<k<karmf7J hzif0ud k vuf!S d K ;xdyfe J hukwf_cpfxd k ;qG_yD;

uv d a y ; a ew mu d k y g ao aoc s m c s m _ r i f 7w m ? _ r<r i f ;vn f ;

u d k < f h t z k w f x J u d k v u f ! S d K ; e J h _ y e f _ y D ; x k d ; u v d r d w < f ?

zif0ud kvnf;xd k;uvday;rvd k hygyJ? 'gayr<fhvufur7Jao;bl;?

69

' ga jumi f h 7e f y d k i f p d k ; e J h< k< karm fw d k hv d k ; aeaqm f ae juwmu d k

aoaoc s m c s m jun f h 7 i f ; tz kw fx Ju d kvu f! S d K ; e J h t _ yw fu d k

xk d ;ar$uvdaeawmhwmygyJ?

t J aemufqH k ;r Smawmh 7e fy d ki fp d k ;[m<k<karm f7 J hapmufz kwf

xJudkokwf7nfyspfyspfcGs JcGs JawGyef;xkwfay;vdkuf_yD; _idrfusoGm;ygawmhw<f?

<k<karmf[mvnf; 7efyd ki fp d k ;okwfv$wfaecs de fr Sm wpfcs Dxyf Ø_yD;×oGm;7

wma jumi f h zi f ju D ;u d k aum h axmi f a _ r mu f ju Gwu fvmwmy g y J ?

aumhyifhvdkufwJhtm;b<favmufawmif_yif;ovJqdk7if tay:uxyf7ufom;

_zpfaewJ h7efy d ki fp d k ;yga_rmufwufoGm;wJ htxdyJ?

onfaemufawmh ESpfa<mufom;_idr fusoGm;ygw<f?

pwkwÔyd kif;ar#mfyg?

1

q,fausmfoufuav;rsm;(4)

7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f h<k<karm fwd k hE Sp fa<mufonf tm;7yg;7umr

pyf<Sufju_yD;aemuf armyef;oGm;[ef_zif h wpfa<mufudkwpfa<muf

zuf_yD; tdyfarmusoGm;juonf?

_r<rif;rSmwpfa<mufwnf;aigifaigifjuD;usefaeonf? t_yif

od k hxGufjunfh7efpdwful;7onf?t0wftpm;awGudkvd kuf@Smaomfvnf;

rawGh? (olwd k h>t0wftpm;awGtm;vH k ;uk d rmvmwifu0Sufxm;

ajumif; aemufrS_r<rif;od7onf? )

xd kajumif h _r<rif;onfud k<fvH k ;wD;_zif hyif tcef;xJrSxGuf

vmcJ honf? {nfhcef;xJwGifrnfolr#r@S d? wdwfqdwfaeonf?

_r<rif;onftxyfcd k;ay:odk htomwufvmcJ honf? txyfcd k;

>nmbuftcef;xJwGif rmvmwifESif htdkif7if;wdk hESpfa<muf@SdaejurSef;

_r<rif;odonf?

rde f;uav;ESpfa<muf Ø yvl; × aejuovm;? 'grSr[kwf

2

tm;7atmif Ø yvl; × _yD;tdyfarmusaejuovm;awmh_r<rif;rod?

_r<rif;onf td ki f7if;ESi f hrmvmwifwd k hxHod k hvnf;roGm;vd k?

x d k a jumi f htxy fc d k ;>b<fbuftce f ;x Jo d k htom0i fvmc J honf

xdktcef;rSmvnf;tdyfcef;wpfcef;_zpfonf? tawmfvnf;us<f0ef;onf

_yD;awmhtcef;xJwGif ESpfa<muftdyfcHwifjuD;wpfck@S daeonf? bm

twGuf onftcef;xJwGifrSESpfa<muftdyfcHwifjuD;@S daeonfudkawmh

_r<rif;rodyg?

arG h<muawmhcif;rxm;? cHwifay:wGifarG h<monfvdyfv#uf

om; @S daeonf? _r<rif;uvdyfxm;aomarG h<mudktom_zef hcif;vd kuf

onf? arG h<mvdyfxJwGif arG h<mcif;| acgif;tH k ;ponfrsm;ud kawG h7

onf?

_r<rif;utdyf<mudkususeecif;onf? _yD;awmharG h<may:

wGif f tomvJavsmif;tdyfcsvd kufonf? [dk[d konfonfa7mufwwf

7m7mawG;7if;arS;ueJtdyfaysmfoGm;7m wpH kwa<muf>ykwfES d k ;vd kufrS k

3

_zif h vef hE d k ;vmcJ honf?

Ø a[h- -<rif;| bmajumif honfrSmvm_yD;wpfa<muf

wnf;tdyfae7wmvJ? tvum;oufouftdyf_yD;awmhrsm; tcsde fawG

_zKe f;rypfvd kufprf;yge J h? tckqd k7iftcdse fuodyfud kwefzd k ;@ S daewm[?

juHKawmif hjuHKcJrSm tm;7atmifompdwfvGwfudk<fvGufaysmfypfvd kuf

prf;yg? ×

cyftkyftkyfa_ymvd kufonfhpum;oHud kvnf; _r<rif;jum;7

onf? _r<rif;onfrd SwfaeaomrsufvHk;rsm;udkzGif hjunfhvd kuf7m olr

ud kE S d k ;olrSm rmvmwif_zpfaeajumif;awG h7avawmhonf?

rmvmwifonf_yH K;pprsufESmab;_zif h _r<rif;ud kjunfhonf?

olhvufwpfbufu_r<rif;>0pfvpfpvpfud k<fvH k;ud k tomyifyGwf

oyfaeonf? xdkod k hy GwfoyfrS lonfnifnifomomav;_zpfaomfvnf;

_r<rif;udkpdwfvSkyf@Sm;Ed k;juGvmatmifawmh aumif;aumif;juD;zefwD;

onf?

4

_ r<ri f ; _ i d r f aer S e f ;o donfw Gi f rmvmwi fuwqi f hu Jvmonf ?

_r<rif;>ab;wGiftwl<SOfumvJStdyfcsvmonf? tdyfcs7mwGifvnf;

yl;yl;uyfuyf_zpfatmif wrif_yKonf?

_r<ri f ;onfrmvmwi f>r de f ;rc si f ;c si f ;yv l ;wwfonf h

tu si f hu d k oabmraw G h ao ; aom fvn f ; on ftv ky fon f

pufqkyf@G H@ SmzG<f_zpfonfvd k hawmh rcH<lawmhyg? rmvmwiftay:

w Gi fvn f ;<ci fuv d k rE S p f r s d K hon f h p dw f aw Go dy f rr s m ; awm h ?

rmvmwifud kvd kvm;oabmusonfrs d K ;awmhr[kwfay?

rmvmwifonf _r<ri f ;>0r f ;y sO fom;E kE kt dt dav;rsm ;ud k

tomyGwfoyfonf? yGwfaeaomvufrsm;onfaygifjum;qDodk h wa@Gh

a@G hqif;vmonf?

Ø onfae7mrSmigwd k hawG hju7wmuawmht7rf;yJ[m? 'Dvd k

rs d K ;awG_zpfvmvdrfr<fvd k h igawmifrxifrdbl;? 'Davmufaysm fp7m

aumif;r<fvd k hvnf; rwGufxm;bl;? ×

5

rmvmwifu pum;a_ym7if;vufud kvnf;atmufod k htom

a@G hvsm;ae7m pum;qHk;onfESif hrmvmwif>vufz0g;u _r<rif;>

aygifjum;od k ha7muf@S dvmonf?

_ r<ri f ;>ay g i fwe f E S p fbu ftv d ktavsmu fyi fum ;x Gu fo G m ;

onf? rddrd>aygifjum;rSapmufzkwfudkrmvmwifpdwfwdkif;usyGwfvdkyGwf

ud ki fvd kud ki f _yKEd li f7efzGi f hay;vd kufonfhoabmyif?

rmvmwifu_r<rif;>tar$;yifraygufao;aomapmufzkwf

uav;ay:odk h vufz0g;_zif htomt<myGwfoyfay;onf? apmufzkwf

av;onf rmvmwif>vufz0g;atmufwGifazmif;juGwufvmonf?

_r<rif;>@Suf@G H hovdkvdk_zpfaeaompdwfrsm;onfvnf;avsmhyg;vmonf

rmvmwif>tudki ftwG<ftyGwftoyfuk dE Sp foufvmonf?

Ø eifub<fvd kvkyf_yD; [d k- -[dk- -rdef;uav;tcsif;csif;

- -'Dvd krs d K ;vkyfwwfvmwmvJ[if ×

_r<rif;ut7JpGef hIyifar;vd kufrdonf?

6

tysd Kaygufrav;rd k hpyfpkvd kp dwfuvnf;@S dao;onf?

rmvmwifucsufcsif;ta_zray;? _r<rif;>apmufaphav;udk

om vufr_zif htomyGwfay;onf? apmufaphav;axmifwufvm

onf?

_ r<ri f ;on ftz kw fu d k y Gw f ay ;aeaomrmvmwi f>vufz s Hu k d

tomudki fvd kuf_yD;- - -?

Ø a_ymprf;ygrmvm7J h? eifb<fvd kvkyf_yD;'grs d K ;awGem;vnf

uÈrf;usifae7wmvJ? igodcsifvd k har;wmyg[m? b<foludkrS_yefra_ym

bl;? pdwfcs- - ×

Ø eifES lwfvH kygapaemf <rif; ×

Ø td k- -pdwfcs? b<folud kr S _yefra_ym_ybl;? v#d K h0 Suf_yD;

xm;r<f ×

G

7

Ø tif;- - -igq<fhoH k ;E Sp forD;t@G<fuyJ 'grs d K ;awGpod

vmcJ hwmayg h ×

rmvmwifupum;ponf? _r<rif;onfrmvmwif>pum;

rsm;udk7ifzd kpGmem;pGif honf? rmvmwifonfawmfawmfESif hpum;rquf?

a_ym7rSmtawmf0efav;ovdkrs d K ; | @Sufaeovdkrs d K ; _zpfaeonf?

rmvmwi fu d ktm ;ay ;onf hoabmr s d K ; _ zi f h _ r<ri f ;utomvSr f ;

zufonf? vSr f ;zufvd kufaomvufu rmvmwif>rd k h0e f ;aom

7ifom;wpfckud k tdueJxdrdonf? Todk hxdrdonfhtcs de fwGif_r<rif;

rSm "mwfvdkufcH7ovdkrs d K;qwfueJwGef hoGm;onf? wpfudk<fvHk;vnf;

ylxlzde f ;@ S de f ;oGm;onf?

rmvmwifa7m| rdrdyg t0wfrygyvmudk<fvH k ;wD;_zpfaeju

onfqdk_cif;ud k _r<rif;uarhaeovdkvd k _zpfaeonf? <ckrmvmwif

> t0wfuif;rJ haom7ifom;qd ki fud kqwfueJxdrdavaomtcgwGifrS

xd kt_zpfud kowd7um pdwfvS ky f@ Sm;oGm;cJ h _cif;_zpfonf?

8

rmvmwi fuo lr>7i fom ;wbufu d ku d k i fxm ;on f h _ r<ri f ;>

vufud ki H k h junf honf? rsufr Se fatmuf@ S drmvmwif>rsufvH k ;r sm;

ta7mifvufumawmufyvmonfud k _r<rif;owd_yKrdonf?

_r<rif;onfrmvmwif>7ifom;ud kud ki fr donf hr dr dvufud k

_yef@kyfodrf;z<fypfzd k hpdwful;rdao;onf? odk haomfcsufcsif;yifxdkpdwful;

yaysmufoGm;onf? rdrdudk<frdrdtm;ay;7if; qkyfudkifrdaomrmvmwif

>Ed k htH kud k tomav;yGwfonf? e<fonf?

rmvmwifonf_r<rif;ud k@ Suf_y H K ;av;wpfcsuf_y H K ;junfh _y D ;

aemuf pum;uk dqufavawmhonf?

Ø igwd k hausmif;u um<enf;_yq7mrwDcsmaemfaq;azmud k

eifodw<fr[kwfvm; ×

Ø [m- -odwmayg h[J h- - -×

_r<rif;wd k hausmif;rSvlwd kif;yif um<enf;_yq7mraemfaq;

azmud kodjuonf? aemfaq;azmonf_zL_zLacsmacsm| t7yf_rif h _rif h |

9

ud k< fv H k ;tvGe fv Sonf ? tu<fIr<fa@ G ;y G J r s m ;@ S d rn fq d ky gu

r<fArmoH k;xyfuGrf;avmufyif7Ed li fonf?

Ø at;- -wDcsmaemfaq;azmeJ hige J ht7rf;7if;ED S ;juwm? ig7J h

trwpfa<muf| a':av;wpfa<mufvd ky J? olupê<m;vnf;wD;

wwfwmqdkawmh igol hqDrSmpê<m;wD;oifao;w<fav? olu igh

wpfa<mufwnf;ud ky Joyfoyfoifay;wm? pê<m;twD;oifae7if;

ig hausmbufuae ig hud k<fud kod ki f;_yD;vufawGhcvkwfawGud k _yavh@S d

w<f? tpuawmhigvnf;owdrxm;r dy gbl ;? tJ aemufawmh

onfvdktcgrs d K;rSm olhEd k htH kjuD;awGuighausmukef;ud k t_ywfxdrdw<f

qdkwm7<f| olh'l;acgif;awGu ighwifyg;udkrodromeJh!Syf!Syfvmw<f

qd kwm7<fud k odvmw<f?

tprSmawmh ig hr Sm@Sufvnf;@Suf| ajumufvnf;ajumufrd

wmaygh? onfvdkeJ hwaehawmh ighvuf_yifenf;enf;atmif hovdk_zpfwm

udk xkwfa_ymrdawmh wDcsmaemfaq;azgu ighycke f;ud ktomES dy fay;

w<f? ES dy fw<fqd kayr<f ht7rf ;tajumud kE S dy fwmrs d K ;r[kwfbl;?

vufacsmif;uav;awGeJ hcyf@G@ Gav;ud ki fay;wm? td k- -ig h7ifxJrSm

wrsd K;juD;yJ[<f? b<fvdk_zpfaerSef;atmifrodEd li favmufatmifygyJ?

10

wDcsmuyd kE S dy fvd k haumif ;atmifqd k _y D ;i g0wfxm;wJ htuô s7 J htay:qH k ;

us<foD;ESp fvH k ; _zKwfypfwmud kvnf; igbmrSra_ymrdbl;? _yD;awmh

wDcsm7J hvufawGutusôatmufud kv# d K0ifvmw<f?- - -

'Daemufawmhb<fvkdawG_zpf_yD; wDcsmaemfaq;azgubmvkyf

vk dufovJrodygbl;? ig0wfxm;wJhtusôus<foD;awGtukefuÈwfukef

wJht_yif twGif;cH@SifrD;tusôav;vJtay:udkvefwufoGm;awmhwmyg

y J?

aoaocsmcsmESdyfay;Ed lifatmifqdk_yD; wDcsmuighudkolhtdyfcef;xJ

ac:oGm;w<f? ×

rmvmwifonfyg ;py fr Sa _ym7i f ; _r<ri f ;>tzkwfud kvnf ;

tomt<myifyGwfay;aeonf? apmufzkwftuGJajumif;wav#muf

vuf!S d k ;x dy fz sm ;av; _zi f htomt<my GwfqG Jonf? _r<ri f ;r S m

ouf_yi f ;av;awGwcscs | vH k ;usp faomwifyg ;qH kuav;wjuGjuG

_zpfaeonf?

Ø tdyfcef;xJa7mufawmhwDcsmuighudkcHwifay:arSmuf7ufav;

11

wifw<f? _yD;awmhig hausmudktomyGwfay;w<f? cg;udkaoaocsmcsm

ES dyf7atmifqdk_yD; xrDudka7m atmufcHydwfvHkuGif;udk kygqGJcÈwfw<f?

onfaemufrSmawmh - -olyGwfwmoyfwm| ud ki fwmwG<fwm| erf;

wm@S ky fwm| xd k;wmES d kufwmawGud k ig hr Sm7ifwzk dz d ke J hc H7awmhwmygyJ

[m- -ody fvnf ;c Hv d k h aumi f ;w<f? t7r f ;u d kt7om@ S dwmy J ?

rdef;uav;tcsif;csif;onfvdkrs d K;t7om@S datmifvkyfay;Ed lifvdrf hr<fvdk h

igxifud krxifrdc J hbl;? ×

rmvmwifonfpum;ud k7yfem;vd kufonf?

o lr>E d k ht H k ay:t ky fu d ki fxm;aom_r<ri f ;>vufav;ud k

tomyifatmufod k hqG J<lonf? _r<rif;>vufonfrmvmwif>

Ed k htH kud kvGwfoGm;um atmufod k hav#mqif;usvmonf?

7c d ki frav;rmvmwifbmud kv d kc si faeajumi f ; _r<ri f ;7 dy fr donf?

_r<ri f ;taeE Si f hon fr #avmufawm hvuf7 JZu f7 Jrv ky f0 H h ao; ?

xd kajumif hrmvmwifqG Jcs<lrS Kud ktomawmif hIcHonf? _r<rif;>

vufonfrmvmwif>0rf;yd kuftv<fyd ki f ;avmufwGifom 7yfonf

12

atmufod k hqufra@G hvsm;awmh?

rmvmwifu_r<rif;>apmufaphud kvufr_zif hcyfoGufoGuf

yGwfacsay;onf? xkdr#omruapmufzkwfxdyf0udkvuf!SdK;xdyfzsm;_zif h

tomxkd;ar$ukwf_cpfay;vd kufao;onf?

_r<rif;7ifz k darm[d kufvmonf? awmif hc HE d li fp Gr f ;r@S dawmh?

_r<rif;>vufonfvnf;atmufbufod k htoma@G havsmusvmonf?

Ø vkyfyg<rif;7<f- -udki fvd kufprf;ygaemf- - ×

rmvmwifu_r<rif;ud kcyfwd k;wd k;av;a_ymonf? a_ym7if;u

_r<rif;>yg;rd k hr d k hav;ud k@ $wfueJerf;vd kufao;onf? _r<rif;>vuf

rsm;urmvmwif>qD;cke fr Saygufumptar$;EkEkav;rsm;ud k xdrdoGm;

c s d e fw Gi fr de f ;uav;E Sp fa<mufvH k ;ouf _yi f ;u d k< fp D@ S Lr d juonf?

Ø tom- - tkyfud ki fvd kufav[<f ×

rmvmwifuxyfa_ymonf? _r<rif;vnf;wH k hqd ki f;raeawmh

13

yJ rmvmwif>aygifjum;rSapmufzkwfud kvuf_zif htomtkyfud kifvd kuf

onf? aEG;axG;azgif;tdaeaomtzkwf>xdawGhrS Ku _r<rif;qd konfh

aumifrav;ud k 7ifzk darmoGm;aponf?

rmvmwifu_r<rif;>tzkwfud kqufyGwfoyfuvday;7if;u

Ø eif htzkwfud k ig7ufay;7rvm; - - ×

rmvmwif>'J h' d k ;juD;a_ymcsvd kufrS Kajumif h _r<rif;rSmvef h

ovkd_zpfoGm;onf? odk haomf7efyd kifpd k;u<k<karmfudktzkwf7ufay;pOfu

<k<karm fwpfa<muf_zp fysufaey H kud k _ye fvnf_ri fa<mifvmum

olrudk<fwd ki fvnf;xd kod k haomtawGhtm@H krs d K ;c Hpm;vd kvmonf?

Ø tif;- -tif;- -7ufay; ×

7ru fp dw f _ zi f h _ r<ri f ;on fac g i f ;n dw fumoabmw lv d ku f av

onf?

14

rmvmwifonfyufvuftdy fae7mr Sc sufc si f ;xxd ki fonf?

_r<rif;onf rmvmwiftzkwf7ufay;Ed li f7efaygifrsm;ud ktvdkufoif h

um;ay;vd kufonf?

od k haomfrmvmwifu_r<rif;>tzkwfud kr7ufay;? olr>

7ifom;wbufud k r<rif;>yg;pyfem;od k htomwdk;uyfay;vd kuf_yD;-

Ø ighEd k hud kpd k hay;prf;yg <rif;7<f? eifEd k hp d k hay;wmudkcHjunfhcsif

wmjumvSyg_yD? ×

tvGefyifpdwfvSKyf@Sm;um 7rufpdwfawGqla0aeaomcsmwdwf

rav;rSm _iif;y<fzd k h7myifrpOf;pm;Ed li fawmh? _r<rif;onfacgif;av;

armhum yg;pyfav;ud k[ay;onf?

rmvmwifunmbufEd k ht H kud ky g ;py fxJod k hxd k ;xnf hay;onf?

_r<rif;onftm;7yg;7yifpkyfay;vdkufonf? Edk htH kw0ufcef hyif_r<rif;

yg;pyfxJod k h0ifonf?

_r<rif;Ed k hpd k hay;rSKuodyfawmhpepfrusyg? 'gayr<fhrmvmwif

15

udkawmht_ywfud kc d kufoGm;aponf?

Ø tm;yg;yg;- -<rif;7<f- -td k pkyf- -pkyfyg? Ed k hoD;ud k

@ SmeJ h7ufay; trav;av; aumif;vd kufwm- - ×

rmvmwifrSmwkefwcd kufck duf_zpfIoGm;onf? rmvmwifrae

Ed li fawmh? _r<rif;>tzkwfud kodyf7ufcsifae_yD?

rmvmwi fon f _r<ri f ;>u d k< fatmu fy d k i f ;bu fu d ktomu ke f ;

_yD; ae7ma_ymif;vd kufw<f? rmvmwif7J hrsufrSe fu_r<rif;7J hqD;pyf

ud k xdrdawmhat;ovdkvd ke J h<m;usdus d _zpf7w<f?

Ø [if h- -rmvmuvJuG<f- -td k ×

_r<rif;qd kwJ haumifrav;7<fav? yg;pyfuvJcyfoJ hoJ hav;

nnf;vd k h? aygifwefESpfacsmif;uvnf; tvdkvd ky Jum;xGufoGm;w<f?

rmvmwif7J hacgif;u_r<rif;aygifjum;ukda7mufvm_yD? _r<

rif;[m tzkwf7ufcH7awmhr<fhtcsdefudk7ifwzdkzd keJ hapmif hvifhaerdw<f

16

t7ufrcHao;cifuawmif'Davmuf7ifzd karmae77if wu<fvd k hrsm;

7ufvd kufwJ htcg b<fvd kaerSmvJ?

a[m- -rmvmwifu_r<rif;7J hapmufzkwfESKwfcrf;om;qlql

azmif;azmif;av;awGud k@ SmeJ h7ufae_yD?

t d k- -_r<ri f ;tz kw fxJr Smav? t7r f ;u d kv S Ky f@ S m ; _y D ;

t7nfjunfawGpd kxGufvmawmhwmygyJ?

Ø tm;[if h[if h- -td ktd k- -b<fvd kvJrmvm7<f-[if h[if h ×

_r<rif;c_rm wnnf;nnf;wnLnL| wvl;vl;wvGef hvGef h

_zpfvd k haeyg_y D?

Ø a[h- -orD;wd k hcsnf;yJvkyfraejueJ hav? OD;vnf;ygrSm

ayg h ×

cyfjojotoHwpfck@ kwfw7ufay;vmw<f?

17

aumifrav;ESpfa<mufvH k;vef f hoGm;juwmayg h? rmvmwif

[m _r<rif;aygifjum;ucsufcsif;z<fcGm_yD;ab;ud kxGufoGm;w<f?

aumif;aewkef;rSm7yfoGm;7wmajumif h _r<rif;rSmawmhqef h

wiH hi H h _zpf_y D;usefc J hwmayg h?

_r<rif;acgif;ay:armfjunfhvdkufawmh tdyfcef;wHcg;0rSm7yfae

wJh 7efyd kifpd k;udkawGh7w<f? 7efyd kifpd k;u_r<rif;wdk hud k_yHK;ppeJ hjunfhae

w<f?

_r<rif;t7rf;ud krsufESmyloGm;w<f? 7efyd ki fpd k ;ud krsufESmcsif;

qd ki fzd k hawmifr7Jawmhbl;? 'gajumif h _r<rif;[mrsufESmud k vuf0g;eJ h

t ky f _y D ; acgi f ;i H k hxm;vd ku fr dw<f? _zp fE d li fr<fqd k7i f' Dae7mr Sm

taiG h _zpf_y D ;aysmufoGm;csi fyg7J h?

tcef;xJudkav#mufvSrf;0ifvmwJh7efyd kifpk d;7J ha_coHudk _r<rif;

jum;7w<f? aemufawmhcHwifodrf hueJvSKyfoGm;wmudkvnf;odvd kuf

w<f? 7efyd ki fp d k ;c Hwifay:a7mufvmae_yD?

_r<rif;7ifawGw'dwf' dwfc ke fw<f?

18

Ø _znf;_znf hayg horD;7m td k- -b<foGm;rvd k hvJuG? orD;

a@Smifay;p7mrvd kygbl;? 'DrSmyJaeEd li fygw<f? OD;u a[m'Du<rif;

av;ud k yd k _y D;aysm fvmatmifvkyfay;rvd k hyguG ×

7efyd ki fp d k ;7 J hpum;oHud k _r<rif;jum;7w<f?

_y D ;awmhol h7i fom;i H kz l ;pav;awGtay:7efy d ki fp d k ;7 J hvufawG

tky fwifqky fud ki fvmwmud kvnf; odvd kuf7_ye fw<f? _r<rif ;

wud k<fvH k ;qwfueJwke foGm;w<f?

Ø rajumufyge J horD;7? OD;uorD;ud kematmifjuifatmif

bmrSrvkyfygbl;? tzkwfudk@SmeJ h7ufay;wmxufyd k_yD;aumif;wJht7om

cHpm;7atmifvkyfay;rvd k hyg? pdwfat;at;omxm; [kwfvm; ×

7efyd ki fp d k ;u nifnifomomav;a_ymw<f?

_r<rif;tawmfav;ajumufvef hoGm;w<f? tysd Kaygufav;

r[kwfvm;? _yD;awmh_r<rif;u<k<karmfwd k hvd kvnf; a<musfm;av;

awGeJ h7if;7if;ED S ;E D S ;a_ymqd kaexd ki fc J hwmvnf;r[kwfbl;? rSwfrSwf77

19

a<musfm;av;oli<fcsif;qd kvd k hol7de fwpfa<mufyJ@S dw<f?

'gajumif ha<musfm;juD;wpfa<muf7J hE d k htudki fc H7wm| tayG h

tzufcH7wmudk t7rf;ud kajumufoGm;wmayg h?

_r<ri f ;utwif ;u d k@ ke f ;ue fx Gu fz d k hu k d ju d K ;pm ;@ S mw<f?

'gayr<f hb<f7Ed li fr SmvJ? 7efy d ki fp d k ;uwtm;oefw<f? _y D ;awmh

rdef;uav;awG7J htxmudkvnf;uÈrf;w<f?

'Dawmh_r<rif;@kef;xGufroGm;Edlifatmif ydkifyd kifEd lifEd lifeJ hat;at;

aq;aq;yJcs Ky fud ki fE d li fygw<f?

wu<fawmh tysd K@k di f;pdwfeJ hom@kef;rdwmyg? _r<rif;taeeJ h

wu<f@ke f;uefxGufa_y;csifp dwfr@S dc J hygbl;?

ykZGe fqdwfuav;b<fvd ki<f| yifv<ful;wwfw<f- -

qd kw J hpum;vd k touf(14)E Sp ft@ G< ftys d Kay gu fpav;yi fr<f h |

_r<rif;7J haoG;om;awGuEdk;jum;aeyg_yD? umrt7omudkcHpm;wwfae

_yD? cHpm;csifaeyg_yD?

20

'gajumif hxdwfvef hajumuf@G H hwJ hpdwf[m [kef;ueJ@kwfw7uf

ay:vmovdk| csufcsif;yJ_yefaysmufoGm;ygw<f?

_r<rif;[m 7efyd kifpd k ;7J htyGwftoyftudkiftwG<fatmufrSm

_i dr f _y D ;aysm husoGm;yg_y D?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;uol hud kbmvky fawmhr<fqd kwmvnf; _r<rif ;

aumif;aumif;juD;odaeyg_yD? 'Dvdkodwmajumif hvnf;_r<rif;yd k7ifckef

7w<f? aoG;om;awGyd kqlyGufvmw<f? yd k _y D;7rufaZmawGjuGvm

w<fvd k h a_ym7rSmayg h?

Ø 'Dvd kvdrRmrSayg horD;7J h? bmrSpdwfrvSKyf@ Sm;ygeJ h? OD;uorD;

ud k at;at;aq;aq;eJ hpnf;pdrfcHpm;apcsifwmyguG<f- -uav;udk

remjuifapcsifygbl; ×

Tpum;rsm;a_ym_yD;wmeJ h 7efy d ki fp d k ;[m_r<rif;ab;em;rSm

tomuyf_yD;vS Jtdyfvd kufw<f?

21

_r<rif;[mrsufvHk;av;udktomarS;zGif h _yD; 7efyd kifpd k ;7J haygif;cG

jum;ud kc d k ;junfhvd kufw<f? td k ; ol hvD;juD;uawmifrSrawmifyJ?

acGaysmhusaewm? 'gudk_rifvdkuf7wmajumifh_r<rif;7ifxJrSmpdwfysuf

ovdkvd k _zpfoGm;w<f?

'DudpPrs d K ;awGtajumif;ud ktckem7Dyd ki f ;twGif;rSmyJ _r<rif;

rsufpde J h _rifawG hc J h7wJ htawG htjuHKutrsm;juD;y Jav? vD;wefjuD;

rwfrwfawmi faer Svd k ;v d k h7w<fqd kwmud kvnf; odaeyg _y Daem f ?

'gajumif h7efy d ki fp d k ;7 J hvD;aysm haewmud k _rif_y D;

p dwfysufoGm;7wmayg h?

7e fy d k i fp d k ;u_r<ri f ;7 J h ausm _yi fu d ktomvuf0 g ;e J hoy fv d ku fw<f

_r<rif;7ifwodrf hodrf hwkef _y D; juufoD;zkav;awGxoGm;7w<f?

_r<rif;[mtpuawmh7efyd ki fp k d ;7 J hvD;ud kc d k ;junfhwmygyJ?

wpfcsufjunfh_y D;rsufpd_yefr d Swfypfr<fvd k hvnf; pdwful;xm;w<f?

rwfrwfjuD;awmifaewmr[kwfayr<fh vD;juD;uqGJaqmifrS kawmh

t@S dom;?

22

_r<rif;7J hrsufvHk;[mvD;qDuaecGmvdk hr7bl;? cyfarS;arS;av;

vkyfxm;wJ hrsufvH k ;awmif _yL;us<f0d ki f ;pufvmwJ htxdvD;juD;ud k

pl;pd kufjunfhaerdw< f?

Ø OD;7J hvD;juD;ud kvufeJ hqkyfud ki fjunfhprf;yg orD;7J h? bmrS

ajumufraeygeJ h? 'DvD;juD;uorD;ud k avmupnf;pdr ft_ynf hc Hpm;7

atmifvkyfay;r<fh vD;juD;yg? ×

7e fy d ki fp d k ;u_r<ri f ;7 J h em ;@ Gu fem;uyg _y D ;cy fw d k ;w d k ;av;a_ymw<f

'Dpum;oHawGu_r<rif;ud k!S d K h<lvd kufovdkyJ? _r<rif;7J hO D;aESmufxJ

u v#dK h0 Sufcvkwfwpfckckud kz Gi f hay;vd kufovdkyJ?

_r<rif;[mcyfwd k ;wd k ;nnf;oHav;wpfcsuf_yKvd kuf_yD; nm

bufvufuav;[m cyf_znf;_znf;qef hxGufoGm;w<f? aemufawmh

7efyd ki fp d k ;7J haygifjum;uvD;juD;ud ktomukdi fjunfhrdw<f?

7efyd kifpd k;7J hvD;uta_ctaewpfrs d K;a_ymif;ae_yD? _r<rif;pawGh

umpwkef;uvdk acGacGaysmhaysmhr[kwfawmhbl;? oHacsmif;vd krwfrwf

juD;rmawmifrvmao;ayr<fh enf;enf;awmhtouf0ifvm_yDav?

23

cyfaysmhaysmhr[kwfawmhyJ rawmifhwawmif_zpfvm_yD? qkyfudkifvdkuf

wJ h _r<rif;7J hvufz0g;[m vD;wefjuD;txJuaoG;w'dwf'dwfwd k;ae

wmudkawmif xdawGhcHpm;ae7w<f? tJ'DxdawGhcHpm;7rSK[m_r<rif;

wpfudk<fvHk;udkpdrfh0if_yefhES H h_yD;tajumaygif;wpfaxmifpdrfhoGm;apygw<f?

Ø a[h- -7cdkifr? 'Dudkvmprf;? eifholi<fcsif;udk0dkif;ulay;×

7efyd ki fp d k ;urmvmwifud kvSrf;a_ymw<f?

avoHurmovdk a_ymvd kufyH kuvnf;eif heif hoD;oD;e J h? bmyJ

_zpf_zpfrmvmwifud k' Dvd ka_ymwmqdkwmrs d K ;uk dawmh _r<rif;oabm

rusEd li fygbl;? pdwfraumif;_zpfrdygw<f?

'gayr<fhrmvmwifua@S hud kwd k ;vm_yD;oleJ htwlwlvD;juD;ud k

qkyfud ki fvmwJhtcgrSmawmh _r<rif;[mtm;wuf0rf;omvmrdw<f?

taz:7vm_yDud k;- - -?

Ø at;- -'Dvd kr Sayg h- -[kwf_yD? wpfckpOf;pm;rdw<f?

7cd ki frud k tvkyfcd ki f ;7r<f? ×

24

7efyd ki fp d k ;7J htoHucyfwd k;wd k ;av;_yef_zpfoGm;w<f? 'gayr<fh

rmausm_ywfom;rS kuawmht_ynfhygaew<f? 'DtoHudkjum;vdkuf7wJh

tcg rde f ;uav;ESp fa<muf[mtvd kvd kae7if ;ajumufvmovd ky J?

rmvmwifud k7efyd ki fp d k ;bmrsm;vkyfcd ki f ;rvk d hygvdrf h?

7efyd kifpd k;u rmvmwif7J hvnf~kwfudkvufwbufeJhtkyfudkif_yD;

wGef;vd kufw<f? rmvmwifrSm@kwfw7ufrd k hbmrSrwwfEd li f? 7efyd ki fpd k ;

>aygif7if;bufod k hrsufESmtyf7ufom;vJusw<f?

Ø eifurdef;rcsif;tzkwf7ufay;wmwdk hbmwdk hodyf0goemygwm

qdkawmh- -tzkwfud komruyJa<musfm;vD;ud kygpkyfc d ki f ;junfhapcsif

wm- -uJ- -vkyfav ×

7efyd kifpd k;onfTpum;rsm;a_ym7if;rmvmwif>rsufESmudk olh

aygifjum;wGufqG JyGwfaeonf? rmvmwifonfcyfoJ hoJ hav;nnf;oH

_yKonf? odkhaomfb<fvdkrSawmh_iif;qef@kef;uef_cif;r@Sd? vD;udkqkyfudkif

xm;onfh_r<rif;>vufacsmif;rsm;ud k rmvmwif> ES kwfcrf;rsm;u

xdawG hy Gwfwd kufrdonf?

25

7efyd kifpd k;onfrmvmwif>ESkwfcrf;udkvD;xdyf_zif hawhum yGwf

_ye fonf? vD;xdy fr SxGufaeaomt7nfjunfwpufrmvmwif>

rsufrSe fay:usI ayusefoGm;onf?

Ø orD;uvnf;OD;7J hvD;ud ktomyGwfay;av?'grSvD;juD;awmif

vm_yD; orD;ud kvkyfay;Ed li fr Sm ×

7efyd kifpd k;u 7cdkifrav;rmvmwifudktkyfudkifaqmhupm;ae7if;

_r<rif;ud ka_ymvd kufao;onf?

_r<ri f ;ud ka _ymvd ku fonf htoHuawmhni fni fomomyg?

acsmharmhonfht7dyfta<mifawGygonf?

Tvdi fwe f ju D ;r d r d>apmu fz kw fx Jx d k ;xn f h awm hrn f hta7 ;u d k

awG;um _r<rif;rSmt7rf;ud kpdwfvSkyf@Sm;aerdonf? ajumufovdkvd k

vnf;_zpfaeonf? 7rufvnf;xefonf? tzkwfxJuvnf;<m;vm

onf?

26

_r<rif ;tae_zi f h jud Kufonf_zp fap| rjud Kufonf_zp fap

olr> Ør× obm0aoG;om;awGuawmh umrpyf<SufrS KtwGuf

Ed k ;jum;umtoif h@ S dae_yD?

Ø awmuf- -aumif;vd kufwm7cd ki fr7m? uJ yg;pyfav;

[_yD;a~G;tkawGud k 7ufay;vd kufprf;ygtH k ; ×

a_yma_ymqd kqd kyif7efyd ki fp d k ;urmvmwif>acgif;ud k atmuf

bufod k hy d kusatmifqG JE S dy fz dcsvd kufonfud k _r<rif; _ri fvd kuf7onf?

xd kaemuf@Sm_zif h7ufay;onfh w_yyf_yyftoHawGud k _r<rif;jum;7

onf?

rmvmwi fwp fa<muf7e fy d k i f p d k ; apc d k i f ;on f htwd k i f ;v ky f aqmi f

ay;ae_yD_zpfajumif;udkvnf;odum tvdkvdkae7if;tonf;<m;ovdkvdk

bmvdkvk d _zpfonf?

7efyd ki fpd k ;onfrmvmwifuk dpdwfwd kif;usapcd ki f;_yD;aemuf _r<

rif;bufod k h Õrm;OD;vSnf h _yefonf?

27

_r<rif;rSm<ckqd kv#if 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud kajumufovdkyif_zpfvm

onf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;urmvmwifud kwif ;wif;rmrm_zi f hol hp dwfwd ki f ;us

vkyfaqmifay;7efa_ymqd kapcd ki f ;c J honfuk d

_r<rif;rsuf_rif_zpfcJ h7onf

r dr dtae _zi f hvnf ;7e fy d k i f p d k ;>vd kti fqêr sm ;u d k _ ii f ;y< fE d l i f p Gr f ;

r@S dajumif;ud kvnf; _r<rif;odonf? 7efyd ki fpd k ;apcd ki f;or#vkyfaqmif

ay;7rnfom?

Tajumu fve f h p dw fu _r<ri f ;>E d k ; jum ;aeaom7ru faZmu d k

t7omwpfrs d K ;xyf _znf hay;ovd k _zp fonf? _r<rif ;wpfud k<fvH k ;

xl;_cm;av;yifaom7rufqêawGv$rf;ys H hIvmonf?

tzkwftwGif ;bufwGi fxl;xl;_cm;_cm;ud kvS Ky f@ Sm;<m;<Hvm

onf? xdkvSKyf@Sm;rS kud ka_yaysmufatmifvkyfay;Ed lifonfrSm 7efyd kifpd k;>

vD;om@S dajumif;ud kvnf;_r<rif;odygonf?

28

7efy d ki fp d k ;onfrmvmwiftay:wGify d ki fp d k ;y d ki fei f ;@ S doavmuf|

_r<rif;ud kawmhnifnifomomESif hjuifjuifemem_yKrlonf?

rmvmwi fuo l>a~ G ; Ow G J r s m ;u d k y g p k y f ay ;7u fay ;7wmu d k c H< l

7if; 7efyd ki fp d k ;onfcsmwdwfrav;_r<rif;>udk<fud ktomt<myGwf

oyfud ki fwG<fonf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;utomukef; _y D ;E d k hoD;av;rsm;ud kp d k hay;vd kufcs de fwGi f

_r<rif;rSmtouf@SLyd k _refvmonf?

7e fy d k i f p d k ;on f _r<ri f ;>ql _z d K ; r d k h 0e f ; p7i ft H kom ;E kE knufnuf

av;rsm;ud kyg;pyf_zif h t_ynfhi H kp ky fay;vd kufao;onf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;>nmvufuawmh_r<rif;aygi fjum;ud ka7mufvm

onf? apmufz kw ft0ud kvuf!S d K ; _zi f htomt<my Gwfay;onf?

apmufap hud kawmhvufr_zi f hcy fjurf ;jurf ;yi fz dy Gwfonf? tom

apmufacgif;xJod k hvuf!S d k ;ud kxd k ;xnfhjunfh7m tysd KarS;ud kprf;rdxdrd

onf?

29

<k<karmfwke f ;uoifcef;pm7xm;aomajumif h 7efy d ki fp d k ;u

owd_zifhvSKyf@Sm;onf? tysdKarS;udkprf;rdonfESif hvuf!Sd k;udkapmufacgif;

dxJr S _yefxkwfonf?

_r<ri f ;>tys d Ktar S ;y g ;u d kawm hvuf!S d k ; _zi f hx d k ;r dp kw f _y Jo Gm ;ap

onfht_zpfrs d K ;rvd kvm;yg?

ol hvD;juD;ESi f hususeeudkxk d ;azmufypf7rnf?

Ø b<fvd kvJorD;- -OD;vkyfay;aewmudk oabmus7J hvm;

- -a_ymavuG<f- -oabmusygw<fvd k h ×

7e fy d k i fp d k ;uE d k h p d k h ay ;ae7mr Stomc Gm _y D ; _r<ri f ;u d kcy fw d k ;w d k ;av;

a_ymonf? _r<rif;rSm@SufaoG;zse f;um rsufESmav;eD7JoGm;onf?

tys d Kaygufuav;yJ[m? 'Dvd ktar;cH7wmrs d K ;awmh@Sufwmayg h?

@Sufom@Sufaew<f? 7efydkifpdk;ar;wmudkawmhra_zyJ raeEdlifbl;

rw f aw m i f p _ y K a e _ y D _ z p fw J h 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; 7 J h v D ;w e f ju D ;u d k

vufz0g;eJ hqkyfud ki fy Gwfoyfay;7if; _r<rif;[mtoHwkefwkef7if7if

uav;eJ h cyfwd k ;wd k ; _yefa_zvd kufw<f?

30

Ø [kwf- -[kwfuJ hO D ;- -orD;oabmusygw<f@Si f h- -×

tpyd ki f;wGifomwkef7iftm;aysmhaeonf? a_ym7if;uyd k7Jwif;

vmum avoHrSefrSe f _zif hqufvufI

Ø[d k- -[dk- -[dk'if;_yK7if yd kaumif;rSmyJaemf? OD;uorD;ud k

- -[dk- -[dk- -[dk'if;- - - ×

Ø bm[dk'if;vJorD;7- -OD;ud k@SufaeygeJ huGm? a_ymp7m@S dwm

ud k aoaocsmcsma_ymvd kufprf;yg? ×

7e fy d k i fp d k ;7 J htoHu_r<ri f ;7i fx Ju d k eufeuf juD ;p l ;0i f _y D ;

ESvH k;ud kqwfqwfckefoGm;apw<f? _r<rif;[mvD;wefjuD;udkcyfwif;

wif;qkyfud ki fr dw<f? _yD;awmhrS- - -

Ø orD;ud k- -vd k;r<f- -r[kwfvm;[if ×

Todk hnpfnrf;aompum;vH k ;ud koH k ;uma_ymxkwfvd kufonf h

rdr dtoHud k _yefjum;7aomtcg _r<rif;tawmfav;yifwkefvS ky foGm;

31

rdonf?

Tpum;vH k ;ud koH k ;E S Ke f ;a_ymqd kvd kufcs de fwGi f wpfud k<fvH k ;

juufoD;wzsef;zsef;xatmif_zpfoGm;7onfhtwGufvnf; ydkIxdwfvefh

tHhjordonf?

Ø[m orD;ud kO D ;ut7rf;vd k ;csi faewmayg huG orD;t7ifu

wpfcgrStvdk;rcH7ao;bl;r[kwfvm;? orD;apmufzkwfxJrSm tysd K

tarS;yg;u 'Dtwdki f;@ S daeao;w<f? ×

Todk ha_ym7if;7efyd ki fp d k ;onfvuf!S d k ;ud kowdxm;um apmuf

zkwfxJok d hcy fa_z;a_z;av;xd k ;oGi f ;onf? pyf<Suf7mtacgi f ;ayguf

tv<fruswuswGiftkyfumv#uf@S donfh tys d KtarS;yg;ud kvuf!S d k ;

xdyfuxdrdonfESif h csufcsif;7yfonf?

tys d Ktar S ;y g ;E Si f hvuf!S d k ;x dy fx dr daeonfud k 7e fy d ki fp d k ;

wpfa<mufwnf;omr[kwf? _r<rif;ygodonf?

Ø [if htif;- -wpfcgrSrcHzl;ao;ygbl;? [dkav- -odyfem

rSmvm; OD;7<f td k- -[if h[if h OD; ×

32

7e fy d k i fp d k ;uapmufap hav;ud kvufr _zi f h z dy Gw fay;v d ku f _ye fonf h

twGuf pum;tqHk;wGif_r<rif;a7@Gwfnnf;!lrdonf?

x d k ht _yi f7e fy d k i f p d k ;uvuf! S d k ;u d ktomav;tenf ;i< fx d k ;v d ku f

7m tysd KtarS;yg;wif;ueJ_zpfoGm;onfud kvnf;_r<rif;wpfa<muf

wnf; at;atmifcHpm;7onf?

Ø r[kwfwm- -orD;7<f? OD;u orD;ud kematmifb<f

vkyfyg hrvJvd k h? tpyd ki f;r Smawmhenfenf;av;emvdrf hr<f? 'gayr<fh

aemufyd ki f ;us7if t7omuodyfaumif;wmrd k h emwmudkorD;arhoGm;

rSmyg? tm;yg;yg;- -w<faumif;ygvm;- -[if; ×

rmvmwif>a~G;O7ufay;aerS ku t7omawGhvSaomajumif h

7e fy d ki fp d k ;onfyg;pyfr Sa_ymqd ka7@Gwf7if; a~G;Ouke f ;7ufay;aeonfh

rmvmwif>acgif;rSqHyifwd kuav;rsm;ud k vuf_zif hy Gwfoyfonf?

_r<rif;onf7efyd kifpd k ;>vD;wefjuD;udkqkyfud kifum ~Gif;wd kuf

ay;ovdkyGwfoyfay;aeonfhrdrdvufacsmif;rsm;tjum;rSaeI atmuf

bufod k htomacsmif;junfhvd kuf7m rmvmwif>ESKwfcrf;v$mESpfc ku

33

a~G;OwG JvG JjuD;wpfckvH k ;ud ktkyfumpkyfay;vd kufonfud k _rif7onf?

x d k aemu fy g ;py fx Jr S _ye fx Gu fvmaoma~ G ; O ju D ;u d k rmvmwi fu

@SmESi f h7pfywf7ufay;wm_rif7_yefonf? _yGwfueJyspfueJtoHrsm;ud k

vnf;jum;7onf?

T_ri fu G i f ; E S i f hto Hr s m ;u _r<ri f ;w G i f aemu fq H k ;u s e f aeao;

onfh @SufpdwfESi f hajumufvef hp dwfrsm;ud karmif;xkwfypfvd kufonf?

_r<rif; r@Sufawmh?

_r<rif; rajumufawmh?

w^Smxefum t_ywfud k7 Jwif;vm_yD?

_r<ri f ;onfv D ;ac s mi f ; ju D ;u d kvuf _zi f hwi f ; juy fp G mq ky fv d ku f

7m 7efyd ki fp d k ;u Ø tm;- -t7rf;rvkyfe J hav orD;7J h a~G;wufoGm;

vdrf hr<f × [kyifa_ym<l7onf?

34

Ø orD;uvnf; tvdk;c Hz d k htoif h@ S dae_yDr[kwfvm; orD;

tzkwfuazgi f ; _y D ; t7nfawG@ $ Jaewmud kjunf hav? 'Dvd k _zp fwm

tvdk;cHz d k htoif h@ S dae_yDqd kwJ hoabmayg h ×

7efyd ki fp d k ;uqufa_ymonf? wpfwpfcGcGa_ymaompum;rsm;

_zpfaomfvnf;_r<rif;rSm @Suf@G H hxdwfvef h _cif;r@S dawmh?

em;axmif7wmud kyifwpfrs d K ;oabmusaeavao;>?

Ø uJ- -orD;ud k OD;wufvd k;awmhr<faemf ×

Ø [kwfuJhOD;- -orD;b<fvdkaeay;7rSmvJ[if- -_yay;aemf×

Ø yufvufyJ tdyfaeyguG<f ×

Todk ha_ym_yD;7efyd ki fp d k ;u tomxxdki fonf? _r<rif;url

yufvufpif;pif;uav;tdyfae7if; 7efyd ki fp d k ;bmqufvkyfrnfenf;[k

aoaocsmcsmvd kufjunfhonf?

35

apmapmu<k<karmfudk 7efyd kifpd k;wufvdk;cJ honfrsm;udk_yef_rif

a<mifonf? <k<karmfvd kyJrdrd>wifyg;atmuf acgif;tH k;ckavOD;rnf

vm;[kvnf; awG;onf?

7efyd kifpd k;u_r<rif;>aygifjum;wGiftom'l;axmufum ae7m

<lonf? _r<rif;>aygifwefav;ESpfacsmif;ud k olhaygifjuD;rsm;ay:odk h

tomcG Jumwifonf?

_r<rif;aygi fum;oGm;_y D?

od k haomtzkwfuawmh_yJtmxGufrvmyg? tysd Kaygufav;>

wpfcgr#tvdk;rcHbl;ao;aomtzkwfrd k h tzkwfESKwfcrf;om;awGu_yJtm

raeyg? rd k hazmi f ;aomtzkwf>tv<faumifwGi f r[w[tuG J

ajumif;ae7mav;om_zpfIaeonf?

rmvmwifonfab;apmif;vJavsmif;um vd k ;juawmhrnf h

7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f h _r<rif;wd k hp H kwG Jud kjunfhaeonf?

36

aoaocsmcsmpl;p d kufjunfhaeonfhtwGuf rsufrSe faemufrS

rsufvH k ;rsm;onf_yL;us<f0d k ki f ;pufvmovdkxif7onf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;>

a~G;Orsm;udk7ufay; pkyfay;cJ h7rSKajumifh rmvmwif>yg;pyfESif hES lwfcrf;

rsm;wGif wHawG;rsm;pd kaeonf? rsufESmuvnf;tenf;i<feD_ref;I

aeonf?

7efyd ki fpd k ;uolhvD;acsmif;juD;ud k_r<rif;>tzkwf0wGif tom

awhaxmufvdkufonf?

apmufzkwfwGift7nfjunfawGpd k@ $ JIae7m p d k p Gw f a E G ; ax G ;

aom xdawGhr S Ktm@H kud kc Hpm;7onf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;>wpfud k<fvH k;z de f;ueJ

@ S de f ;ueJ _zp fonf? onfvd kc Hpm;7onf htwGuf _r<rif ;qd konf h

csmwdwfr>apmufzkwfonftawGhtxdaumif;um vdk;ItvGefaumif;

rnf_zpfajumif; 7efyd ki fp d k ;em;vnfvd kufonf?

Ø td k- - ×

ylaEG;rmajumaomfvnf; El;nH honfhvD;xdyfzsm;tzkwf0wnfh

37

wnfhwGi f awhaxmufvmonfhtcg _r<rif;>ES Kwfzsm;r Sa7@Gwf

nnf;wGm;oHav;wpfcsufay:xGuf>

xdkaemuf7efyd ki fp d k ;ucyf_znf;_znf;_zpfaomfvnf; yd ki fE d li fp Gm

zdoGif;vmonfud kc Hpm;7onfhtcg _r<rif;tzd k h7ifzd karm[d kufv#uf

wpfud k<fvH k ;qwfqwfwkef7ifvm7onf?

xd k h _yif apmufzkwfxJrSapmuf7nfjunfrsm;onfvnf; yd kI

<d kp dr f hxGufvmonf? 'pfzl;juD;tzkwfxJod k hwd k ;0ifvmonf? vD;'pf

juD;>zdtm;ajumif h tzkwf0onf[oGm;onf? usOf;usOf;juyfjuyf

_zp faomfvnf; apmuf7nfjunfysp fcÈ Jc È Jr sm;> aus;Z l ;ajumi f h

'pf_yJvefjuD;onftzkwfxJod k h acsmueJyifwd k ;0ifvmonf?

Ø tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- -OD;7<f- -[if h ×

_r<rif;pkwfoyfumnnf;vd kufrdonf?

Ø odyfemoGm;ovm; orD;- - ×

7efyd ki fpd k ;uqufroGif;ao;yJ tom7yfae_yD;ar;onf? xdkod k h

38

ar;7if; _r<rif;>nmbufyg;rd k hr d k hav;ud knifompGmerf;onf?

_r<rif;rsufESmav;7JueJ_zpfonf?

tzkwfxJvD;xd k ;oGif;wmudkr@SufajumufEd li fy J bmajumif h

yg;erf;onfhtcgwGifrS 7ifzd kum@SufaoG;zsef;oGm;7wmvJ? rodwwf

ygbl;?

Ø 'Dvd kqd kqufoGif;r<faemf ×

Ø [kwfuJ hO D ;- - ×

Ø t7rf;em7ifa_ymaemf- -×

Ø [kwfuJ hO D ;- - ×

7efyd kifpd k;uvD;udktomav;qufoGif;w<f? nifnifomomrS

wu<fhud knifnifomomuav;? vD;acsmif;juD;[m tzkwfxJud k

w_znf;_znf;csi f ;wd k ; _y D ;0i faew<f?

39

_r<ri f ;tz d k h awm h7i fz d k _y D ;7i f ;z d k aewmy Jav?wp fu d k< fv H k ;vnf ;

b<fvd k_zpfukefw<frodawmhygbl;? juufoD;awGxwm| touf@SL

vd k hr0awmhwm| xlxlylyl_zpfvmwm| td k trs d K ;ud kp H kvd k hayg h?

vD;uw_znf;_znf;csif;wd k ;0ifvmw<fqd kayr<fh _r<rif;7J h

apmufzkwfutar$;awmifraygufao;wJhwu<fhud kEkEkxGwfxGwfav;

r[kwfvm;? usOf;usOf;av;r[kwfvm;?

'Dawmhb<fvd ky J _zpf_zpf emawmhemwmayg h? atmif hvnf;

atmif hwmayg h?

'gayr<fh_r<rif;uatmif hc Hw<f? vHk;0rnnf;bl;? atmuf

WE S Kwfcrf;ud koGm;eJ hwif;wif;ud kuf_yD;awmhud k judwfcHwm?

7e fy d k i f p d k ;uvnf ;v D ;u d kw_znf ; _zn f ;c si f ;y Jqufz do Gi f ;aew<f?

touf 14 ESpft@G<faumifrav;7J hapmufzkwfacgif;usOf;usOf;juyf

juyfav;u olhvD;ud kzspf!Spfaewmudkvnf; t7omcHw<fav?

40

'Dvd ke J hvD;uapmufzkwfxJud ktawmfav;0ifoGm;w<f?

v D ;x dy fz s m ;uapmu fac gi f ;x Jr S mz H k ;t ky fxm ;w J hty s d Ktar S ;y g ;u d k

oGm;xdrdwJ htcgrSm 7efyd ki fp d k ;uc^qdkif;vd kufw<f?

_r<rif;uarS;pif;aewJhrsufvHk;av;awGudktm;<lzGif h_yD; 7efyd kif

p d k ;ud k armfjunfhw<f?

Ø oGif;avOD;- -bmvdk h7yfvd kuf7wmvJ ×

' Dv d ka _ym7i f ; _r<ri f ;u' l ;av;awGud ka Õrmuf _y D ;ay gi fwe f _z d K ; _z d K ;

awGud ky d kum;ay;w<f? 7efyd ki fp d k ;7 J hvnfyif;ud kvnf;vufESpfbufeJ h

cyfwif;wif;od ki f ;zufvd kufw<f?

Ø OD ;- -zd _y D ;xd k ;xnf hr<faem f? 'Dvd kxd k ;c svd kufwJ htcg

orD;uvnf; zifud ktomaumhay;vd kuf- -[kwfvm; ×

41

Ø [kwf- -[kwfuJ h- -OD; ×

7efyd ki fpd k ;ucg;tm;udkoH k;_yD;vD;ud kqwfueJzdcsw<f? _r<rif;

uvnf;

7efyd ki fp d k ;oif_yxm;wJ htwd ki f;zifjuD;ud kaumhyif hay;vd kufw<f?

wu<fawmh7efy d ki fp k d ;utys d KtarS;yg;uk dxd k ;azgufoGm;@H kwif

vD;ud kwpfvuRavmufyJzdcszd k h 7nf@G<fxm;wmyg?

' g ayr< f h _ r<ri f ;urwwfwwwfe J h zi f ju D ;u d kt7r f ; aum hwi f

ay;vd kufwmqdkawmh ta_ctaeuwpfrs d K ;a_ymif;oGm;w<f?

yxrqH k ;vD ;ac smi f ; juD ;utys d Ktar S ;y g ;ud kp kw f _y Jx GufoGm ;atmi f

ud k t_ywfxd k;azgufypfvd kufw<f?

Ø tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- -emw<f OD;7<f ×

tysdKtarS;yg;pkwf_yJoGm;wJh'^fudkawmh _r<rif;judwfrcHEd li f

42

awmhbl;? emwmt_yif tzkwftacgif;xJwif;ueJ| tdueJ| _idrf hueJ

_zpfoGm;7wmajumif h xl;_cm;qef;opfwJ ht7omud kvnf; cHpm;7

wmud k;?

' Dawmh_r<rif;atmf[pfnnf;!lvd kufwmrSm emwmtwGuf

a7m| aumif;wJ htwGufyg a7maew<fvd k hqd k7vdrf hr<f?

_yD;awmh_r<rif;u'l;awGaygifawGaxmifxm;7mu 7efyd kifpd k;7J h

cg;ud ka_caxmufeJ hzd!Syf_yD; zifjuD;ud kt_ywfaumhwifay;vdkufwmqdk

awmh vD;0ifvrfajumif;uvnf;t_ywfyGif hoGm;w<fav?

' gajumi f h7e fy d k i fp d k ;utomcs de f _y D ;z dqoGi f ;v d ku fayr<f h _r<ri f ;

u zifjuD;t7rf;aumhyif hwifvd kufwmajumif h vD;wpfacsmif;vH k ;

apmufacgi f;aygufxJ_rKyf0ifoGm;awmhwmygyJ?

Ø zGwf- -zkwf- - ×

av0i f ay gu f r@ S d awm h atmi fu d kt _yw fto dy f _ yn f hv # Ho G m ;wm

ajumif h vD;0ifoHucyfoJ hoJ hcyfwd k ;wd k ;av;yJ_rnfw<f?

43

Ø td k- -[if h[if h- -0ifoGm;_yD- -tm; 0ifoGm;_yD ×

_r<rif;7ifxJt7rf;zd karm_yD; yg;pyfuvnf;wwGwfwGwfeJ h

a7@Gwfa_ymqd kr dw<f?

aum hyi f hxm ;w J h zi f ju D ;vnf ;atmufu d k _ ye fu so Gm ;w<f ?' Dtc g

rSm tqHk;0ifaewJhvD;wefuoHk;vufravmuft_yif_yefxGufvmw<f

'gayr<fh c^av;yg?

7e fy d k i fp d k ;uvnf ; _r<ri f ;u d k< fay:tvd ku foi f hxy f7ufom;av;

qufzdcsvd kufwmrd k h _yefxGufvmwJhvD;t7if;yd ki f ;oH k ;vufravmuf

[mvnf; apmufzkwfxJud k _yef_yD;_rKyf0ifoGm;ygw<f?

Ø td k- -[if h- -OD;7<f ×

aumifrav;7ifwodrf hodrf hwkefoGm;7wmayg h?

tckqd k7if _r<rif;c Hpm;vd kuf7wJ hemjuifrS Ka0'emawG[m

44

vnf; v#if_refp GmaysmufuG<fukefyg_yD?

umrt7omudky Jt_ywfcHpm;ae7wm?

apmufzkwfxJut7nfjunfawGyd kp d kxGufvmw<f? _yD;awmh

tys d KarS;pkwf_yJoGm;vd k hxGufvmwJhaoG;awGuvnf; tzkwft_yifud k

<d kp D;_yD; zifacgif;wav#mufatmufud kp dr f husw<f?

ylylaEG;aEG;aoG;pvrf;ajumif;av;awGu _r<rif;7J hp lwl lwl

ptd k0av;ud k _zwf_yD;pD;oGm;wmrd k h aumifrav;rSmzif0u<m;usdus de J h

awmif wpfrs d K ;juD;_zpfoGm;ao;w<f?

_r<rif;7J hapmufzkwfES kwfcrf;om;awG[m vD;wdk;0ifrS kajumif h

_y Jum;_yD;wif;aejuw<f? tzkwfacgif;xJrSmawmh vD;wefjuD;u

t_ynfhtodyfyJ?

vD;tqHk;0ifoGm;ayr<fh7efyd ki fpd k ;uraqmif hao;ygbl;? t7rf;

vnf; rvdk;ao;ygbl;? aumifrav;7J hud k<fay:rSm tom7ifcsif;tyf

arSmufv#ufom;rd Se f ;aew<f? _idrfaew<f?

45

tif;| aqmif hvd k;ypfvd kufcsifwmaygh? b<fhES<f? tysd Kppfppf

aumifrav;7J htarS;yg;ud kazguf_yD; vD;oGif;xm;wJ hOpPm?

'gayr<fh 'Daumifrav;udk7efyd kifpd k;tawmfav;cspfcifrdw<f?

emrSmjuifrSmodyfp d k ;7 dr fw<f? vef hoGm;wmrs d K ;vnf;r_zpfapcsifbl;?

'gajumifhaqmifhvdk;ypfcsifwJhpdwfudkatmifhtnf;_yD; tom_idrfae 7wm?

7efyd kifpd k;uatmifhtnf;aeayr<fh _r<rif;uraeEd lifawmhbl;?

apmufz kw fxJud kt_ynf htody fw d k ;0i faewJ hv D ;ac smi f ; juD ;ajumi f h

_zpfay:cHpm;7wJhumrt7omudk _r<rif;7J haoG;om;awGu odyfud k

oabmusaeju_yDav? 'Dawmhyd kwd k ; _y D;awmhcHpm;csifaeju_yD?

'gajumif h- - -?

Ø td k- -OD;uvJ- -bmajumif h _i dr fae7wmvJvd k h- -

aqmif hav- -OD;7J h ×

_r<ri f ;[m 14 E Sp ft@ G<ftys d Kpp fpp fav;_zp fayr<f h

ud katmifxl;e J ha':xm;7ifwd k hvd k ;juwmawG 7efy d ki fp k d ;e J htd ki f7i f ;wd k h

46

aqmfjuwmawGud k ususeejuD;awG h _rifc J h7wmr[kwfvm;?

' ga jumi f humrpy f< Su fw J htc gaqmi f hv d k ;7r S e f ; em ;vnfaew<f

av? aqmif hvd k ;7ifodyfud kt7om@S dwmudkvnf;7dyfr dw<f?

vD;tqH k ;0ifoGm;_y D ;wJ haemuf 7efy d ki fp d k ;uaqmif hvd k ;r Smud k

7ifwzdkzd keJ hapmif haecJ hwm bom;acsmuaqmifhrvdk;yJ_idrfaewmajumifh

_r<rif;uyJraeEd li fatmif_zpf_y D ;xkwfa_ym7wm?

Ø aqmif hvd k ;csi fwmayg horD;7m- -orD;emoGm;rSmpd k ;vd k hyg-

-×

7efy d ki fp d k ;u_r<rif;7 J hez l ;ay:uqHEG<fE kE kav;awGud ktom

oyfwifay;7if ;a_ymw<f?

Ø remawmhygbl;OD;7- -wu<fa_ymwmyg? judKufovdk

omaqmif h [kwfvm; ×

_r<rif;uawmht_ywfud k Øa[mh× aeyg_yD?

47

ol hty s d Ktar S ;y g ;u d k az gu f _y D ;apmufac gi f ;x Ju d kt_ynf htody fw d k ;

0ifaewJhvD;acsmif;juD;u _r<rif;ud kajumuf@G H hxdwfvef haewJh tysd K

aygufrav;t_zpfuae umrt7omudka<musfm;awGeJ hwufnDvuf

nDcHpm;wwfwJh rdef;rwpfa<muft_zpf t_ynfht0a_ymif;vJay;vdkuf

_y Dav?

a<musfm;awGeJ h olwd k h7 J hvD;ud k ajumufp7m| vef hp7mvd k h

r_rifawmhbl;av?

umrt7om avmuDpnf;pdr fcsr f;omud ktwlwlcHpm;Ed li fwJ h

taz:t_zpfyJ_rifawmhw<f? olhuk dt7omawGhatmifvkyfay;Ed li fwm

awGt_zpfod_rifvm_yD?

aumifrav;udk<fwd kifu'Dvd ka_ymvmawmh 7efyd ki fpd k ;uvnf;

b<faeawmhrSmvJ?

_r<ri f ;7 J h ay gi fwe fw kw fw kw f _z d K ; _z d K ; ju D ;E Sp fac smi f ;u d kq G J axmi f

w<f? _yD;awmhEd k htH kz l ;z l ;av;awGud kvnf;yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fqkyfud ki f _y D ;

48

tm;7yg;7ud kaqmif hvd k ;ypfvd kufwmyJayg h?

Ø bGwfzkwfbGyfbGyfbGyf ×

Ø trav;- -aumif;vd kufwmOD;7<f ×

Ø bGyf- -zkwf- -bGyf- - ×

_r<rif;uvnf;racygbl;? atmufuaezifjuD;w<rf;<rf;

vSKy f@ Sm;ay;7if; wufnDvufnDyJtvd k ;c Hw<f? 7efyd ki fp d k ;uawmh

0uf0ufuG Jatmifvd k ;ypfvd kufawmhwmygyJ?

49

tcef;(5)

_r<rif;onfarS;ueJtdyfaysm foGm;7mrS Ed l ;vmonf?

olronf7efyd ki fpd k ;ESif htm;7yg;7umrpyf<SufcJ h _yD;aemuf arm

yef;oGm;onfhtwGuf tdyfaysm foGm;cJ honf?

<ckEd k ;vmawmhol htem;wGifb<folr#r@S d? ESp fa<muftdyf

c HwifxufjuD;wGif_r<rif;wpfa<mufwnf? cef;pnf;umxm;aom

_yLwif;aygufrStvif;a7mifuawmh@S daeqJ?

naeuawmhtawmfapmif;aerSmyJ[k _r<rif;awG;onf?

rdr d>taoG;tom;rsm;xl;_cm;pGma_ymif;vJoGm;onfuk dvnf;

_r<ri f ;owd _y Kr donf? xl;xl ; _cm; _cm;juD ;ud kve f ;qe f ;ump dwf

uvnf; junfvifaeonf? aysmfovdkvd kyif_zpfrdonf?

wpfpH kwpf7mud ktvdkrusovdkvd k | pdwfqd k;ovdkbmvdkvd k _zpf

ay:aecJhonfrsm;vnf;yaysmufukef_yD? pdwfonfxl;_cm;pGmyif @$ifvef;

50

aeonf? bmrSef;rodcJ haomvdktifqêtwGufta_zudkvnf;od@S dvd kuf

7yg _y D ?

wrf;wrf;wwESif h _zpfc J h7onfhra77maompdwfrsm;ae7mwGif

ausey f _ynf h0onf hp dwfawGutpm;xk d ;aeonf? avmupnf;p dr f

tajumif;ud kvnf;_r<rif;ud k<fawG hod7ay_yD?

r D ;z d kce f ;bufqDr Sp Dp DnHnH7<farmvd kufoHrsm;ay:vmonf?

rdrd>oli<fcsif;rav;awG rD;zd kcef;xJwGif@S daeonfudk_r<rif;odvdkuf

onf?

ajomf- -naeapmif;ae_yDyJ? olwdk hnaepmcsuf_yKwf_yifqif

aejurSmayg h?

_r<rif;onfwpfa<mufwnf;at;at;aq;aq;aevd kao;

aomajumif h <k<karmfwd k h@ S daernfhrD;zd kcef;qDod k havmavmq<froGm;

ao;7efqH k ; _zwfvd kufonf?

E S p f a<mu ft dy f c Hwi f ju D ;xu fw Gi ftomyi fqu fIv Jav smi f ;

51

7if; rdr dc Hpm;c J h7onf ht7omrsm;ESi f hr dr d>aoG;om;ESi f hp dwfxm;rsm;

a_ymif;vJoGm;yH krsm;udqif_cifjunfhonf? t7ifubmtwGufrSef;rod

vSKyf@Sm;Ed k;jum;cJh7onfhtm@Hkrsm;onf<ckawmhbmudkvdkcsifrSef;_r<rif;

odcJ h7_yD? xd ktm@H krsm;ud k _ynf h0atmifb<fvd krs d K ;vkyfaqmif7rnfud k

vnf; em;vnfae_yD? olryd ki fqd ki fxm;onfhud k<fcEÉmtaoG;tom;|

tvSty| tqGJtaqmifwdk hud k aumif;aumif;juD;toHk;csoGm;wwf_yD

[k qdk7ayrnf?

xd ktcd kufwbufcef;oHrSa_coHud kjum;vd kuf7_yD; w<fvDzH k ;

vSnf hoHud kqufjum;7_yef fonf?

rde f;uav;i<fwpfa<mufyDyD _r<rif;onfpyfpkvd kp dwf_zif h

tomwdk;uyfoGm;_yD; tm@H kp d kufumem;axmifjunfhonf?

b<folrsm;w<fvDzke f;qufaeygvdrf h? OD;rsm;vm;?

[kwfonf? rjumrDrSmyifcyftkyftkyfa_ymaeaom7efyd ki fp d k ;>

toHud k_r<rif;jum;7onf?

52

Ø [Jvd k- -[Jvd k- -armifarmife J ha_ymcsifvd k hyg- - ×

acwWw dw fq dw fo Gm ; _y D ;aemuf7e fy d k i fp d k ;>z H k ;a _ymoHr sm ;u d kquf

I jum;7onf?

Ø a[h armifarmifvm;- -igyguG 7efyd ki fp d k ;? rif;ig hqDud k

tckcsuf_cif;vmcJ hprf;uGm- -igyGaygufwpfck7xm;w<f- - ×

Ø [m- -r[kwfygbl;? rif;xJwmvGJ _y D 'DrSmiga_ym_yr<f?

aoaocsmcsmem;axmif? reufwkef;u igusH K ;axmif huyef;_c HxJvrf;

av#mufoGm;7if; Ad kvfu_ym;rav;wpfa<mufeJ htzG J husoGm;w<f?

a[h olhyH kyef;ud ktao;pdwfawmhra_ym_yEd li fbl;?_zL_zLawmif h

awmif hacsmacsmav;uG? toufuvnf;i<fi<fav;? olhrSmcsmwdwf

r oli<fcsif;oH k ;a<muf@S dw<fwJ huG? olwd k hav;a<mufur÷av;

ud k taysm fc7 D ;xGufvmwm? olwd k hud kt ky fxde f ;vmwJ hq7mru

7xm;ay:rSmawG hwJ hie Jwpfaumife J h junf_y D ; vyfuD;a[mfw<frSm

t_ywf _i dr f haew<f? aumi frav;awGuvnf; olwd k hbmolwd k h

av#mufvnfr<fqd k_yD; xGufvmjuwm? tJ'g igtckav;a<muf

53

vHk;ud krvmcJ hw<f? at; ×

Ø at;- -[kwfw<f? tckaumifrav;awGav;a<muf

vH k ;ig htdr fa7mufae_yD?×

Ø ig_zD;aewmr[kwfbl;? wu<fa_ymaewm- - ×

Ø td k- -b<faerSmvJ? csypfwmayg huG? 'gayr<fhigwpf

a<mufwnf ;rE d l i fb l ; ? tc ko H k ;a<mufud ky Jt ky f _y D ;7ao;w<f?

tawmfav;a'gi f ;ae_y D? 'gajumif hri f ;ud kz H k ;quf_y D ;ac:7wm- -×

Ø 'gayg huGm- -oli<fcsif;awGyJ[m? tcGif haumif;juHK7if

ud k<f habmf'gud kowd7wmayg h? at;'Dawmhrif;ig hqDud komt_refqH H k ;

a7mufatmifvmcJ hayawmh? av;a<mufvH k;i<fi<fav;awGuG- -

rqdk;juygbl;? ESpfa<mufuawmht_ywfrdw<f? - -[kwf_yD- -

rif;vm7ifvpfyd ke J hjuufOvnf;qG Jc J huGm- -[kwfvm;? ×

pum;o Hay smu fo Gm ;umw<fv Dz k e f ;c sv d ku fo Hv d kv d k jum;7onf

xd kaemuftcef;_yifod k hav#mufvSrf;xGufum atmufxyfod k hqif;oGm;

54

onfha_coHrsm;ud kvnf;jum;7onf?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;ac:vd ku fonf harmi farmi fonfrnfod k h aom@ ky f7nfy H kye f ;

@ S drnfenf;[k _r<rif;pOf;pm;yH kaz:junfhonf?

_r<rif;onf onfavmufrtyg? armifarmif hud kac:vd kuf

_cif;rSmrdrdwd k htm; vdk; ap7ef_zpfajumif;ud kem;vnfygonf? tu<f

I <cifp dwfrs d K ;E Si f hqd ky gu7efy d ki fp d k ;>vky faqmifcsufud k _r<rif ;

tjuD;tus<fa'goxGufrnfrvG Jyg?

o d k h aom f7e fy d k i fp d k ;E Si f htm;7yg ;7umrpy f<SufIavmupnf ;p dr fu d k

_ynfh_ynfh00cHpm;cJ h_yD;aemuf _r<rif;>pdwfxm;ESif hcH<lcsufawGvnf;

t_ywfud ka_ymif;vJoGm;cJ honf?

xd kajumif h7efyd ki fp d k ;ud kb<fvd kr Sp dwfrqd k;? topfa7mufvm

rnfharmifarmifqdkol>vD;b<fvdkae_yD; umrpyf<Suf7mwGifb<fvdk

rs d K ;@ S drnfenf;[lIompOf;pm;rd_cif;_zpfonf?

onfvdkawG;awmjunfh@H kr#ESif hyif _r<rif;>aoG;om;awGu

55

vSkyf@Sm;vmonf? armifarmifqdkola7mufvmv#ifrdrd>vSkyf@Sm;aeaom

aoG;om;rsm;>vdktifqê_ynfh07rnfqdk_cif;udkaumifrav;uodaeonf

r D ;z d ktce f ;q Dr S mp Dp Dn Hn HtoHr sm ;u d kquf jum;ae7onf?x d k h _yi f

ajumfeH havSmfeH hrsm;ud kvnf;@SLrdonf?

_r<rif;onfrD;z d kcef;od k hoGm;7efqH k ; _zwfvd kufonf? t0wf

tpm;awG@Smvdk hr7aomajumif hud k<fvH k;wD;_zpfaerSKud kzH k ;umzd k htwGuf

wpfckckvd kuf@Sm7onf?

@Sufajumufaevdk hawmhr[kwfyg? rD;zd kcef;xJ hod k hud k<fwH k;vH k ;

juD;0ifoGm;zd k h raumif;wwfaomajumif hyg?

t dy fce f ;E Si f hw G Jv#uf@ S daoma7cs d K ;ce f ;x Jr Su d k< fokwfy0gjuD ;wp fc k

awGh7onf? _r<rif;onfudk<fokwfy0gjuD;udkxrD7if@Sm;onfhoabm

rs d K ; _zif hud k<ftv<fyd ki f;ud k7pfywfvd kufonf?

ud k<fokwfy0gjuD;utawmfteHus<fonf? _r<rif;>7if

om;zl;zl;av;rsm;rSonf aygifvnfavmuftxdzH k ;E d li fonf? udk<fud k

vnf;aumif;aumif;7pfywfxm;Ed lifonf? udk<fokwfy0gjuD;7pfywf_yD;

onfaemuf _r<rif;onfrD;z k dcef;qDod k hav#mufvmcJ honf?

56

rD;zd kcef;xJwGifv#yfppfrD;zd kESpfckESif htwl xrif;pm;pm;yG Jckefrsm;yg

@ S donf? xd ktcef;onfpm;aomufcef;t_zpfaum| rD;z d kce f;t_zpfyg

toH k ;csyH k7onf?

tcef;xJokd h _r<rif;0ifa7mufoGm;cs defwGif tdkif7if;onfxrif;

pm;pm;yG J _yifIaeonf? Ad kvfu_ym;rav;onf(7efyd ki fpd k ;>tusô_zpfyH k7

aom) @SyftuôsyGyG@ Snf@SnfjuD;ud kav#mhwdav#mh7J0wfxm;onf?

@Syftuôsonftdkif7if;>aygif7if;em;txda7mufonf? @Syftuôs

atmufwGifawmh bmtcktcHrSr@S d? rnfonfhtwGif;c Ht0wftpm;rS

r0wfxm;?

td ki f ;7i f ;pm;y G Jwpfbufod k hav#mufvSr f ;oGm;c d kuf @Sy ftuôs

atmufpuGm[oGm;7m _zLazG;Ektdonfhwifyg;wpf_crf;ud krodrom_rif

vd kuf7onf? xdk h _yifqD;pyfwGif@S daomapmufar$;vdrfaumufaumuf

av;rsm;udk_rif7onf? Adkvfu_ym;rav;rdk htd kif7if;>qHyifonfa@$a7mif

a7;a7;a_y;onf? apmufar$;awGuvnf;a@$a7mifav;rsm;a7mpGufI

aeonf?

57

junfhvd kyifaumif;ao;onf?

_ r<ri f ;>p dw fx Jw G i f r mvmwi f>t_y Ktr l av;r s m ;u d kow d7

vmonf? rmvmwifESif hr dr dwd k hvkyfovdktd ki f7if;ud kvkyfjunfhcsifpdwf

av;rsm;_zpfay:vmonf?

_r<rif;onftd ki f7if;ud kwyfrufrS K _ynf haomrsufvH k ;rsm;_zif h

pl;pd kufjunfhrdonf?

Ø a[h- -<rif;- -eifutJ'DrSm7yf_yD; rtd ki f7if;ud kirf;ae

rSmvm;? ig hud kvm0d ki f;ulrSmvm;? ×

<k<karmfuv#yfppfrD;zd kwpfckem;rSaeIvSrf;a_ymonf? <k<k

armfonf0uftlacsmif;rsm;ud kbJOESif ha7mumajumfaeonf? <k<karmf

onfvnf;_r<rif;enf;wludk<fokwfy0gjuD;wpfckud kud k<fwGif7pfywf

xm;onf? <k<karmfut7yfykavawmhud k<fokwfy0gjuD;onf 'l;

qpfem;txdyifa7mufonf?

_r<rif;onf<k<karmf@S d7modk hoGm;um 0uftlacsmif;rsm;ulvSD;

58

ay;onf?

Ø [m- -w<f[kwfygvm; a[h- -orD;wd k huaumif;

aumif;csuf_yKwfwwfwmud k ;- -[efusoGm;wmayg h? r[kwf7if

npmpm;zd k hawmiftawmfcufrSm? ×

_r<rif;tomvSnf hjunfhvd kuf7mrD;zd kcef;t0if0wGif 7yfae

aom7efyd ki fp d k ;ud kawG h7onf? aumifrav;>7if'de f;ueJcke fonf?

7e fy d k i f p d k ;onftwGi f ;c Habmi f ;b Dw d kw d kuav;wp fc kom0wfxm;

onf? xd kabmif;bDwd kuav;uvnf;a7ul;abmif;bDwd kuav;rs d K ;

_zp f7m abmif ;bDc G jum;r Sz kz kxpfxpf _zp faeaomvD;wefjuD ;>yk H

koÐmefud k _rif7onf?

Tv D ;we f ju D ;uay ; c J h aomumrt7omu d k _ r<ri f ;

_ye fowd7onf? TvD;juD; _zi f htvd k ;c Hc J h7y H kr sm;ud k _ye fpO f ;pm;r d _y D ;

7ifzd kvmonf?

td ki f7i f ;E Si f h<k<karm fwd k hr Smvnf;td ki f7i f ;>tvd k ;ud kc Hc J h7_y D ;olrsm;

59

_zpf7m rdrdenf;wlpdwfvSKyf@Sm;rS krsm;_zpfrnfudk_r<rif;pmemawG;awmrd

onf?

aumifrav;oH k ;a<mufonfvkyfvufptvkyfrsm;ud k7yfum

7efyd ki fpd k ;tm;pl;pd kufjunfhvd kufjuonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;uwpfcsuf_yH K ;vd kuf_yD;?

Ø t7ifqH k ;pm;juaomufju7atmif[kwfvm;? Ad kuf_ynf hr S

tvkyfvkyfEd li fr Smayg h? ×

xd ko d k h a _ym_y D ;aemuf7e fy d ki fp d k k ;onf<k<karm f@ S d7mod k hav#mufvSr f ;

oGm;onf? xdkaemuf<k<karmf>aemufwGiftom;csif;xdatmifuyf7yf

_yD; '<ftd k;xJod k hjunfhonf? <k<karmf>wifyg;u7efyd ki fp d k ;>qD;pyf

em;ud kxdrdonf?

<k<karmf>rsufESm7JueJ_zpfonf? odk haomfudk<fudkaemufodk h

cyfaumhaumhav;_yKum wifyg;ESi f hqD;pyfwd k ;vd k hxduyfaponf?

60

7e fy d k i f p d k ;on f< k< karm f>wi fy g ;v H k ;v H k ; av;r s m ;u d ktomy kw f

vd kuf_yD;aemuftd ki f7if;@S d7mod k hqufIav#mufvSrf;vmonf?

tem;od k ha7mufonfESi f h7e fy d ki fp d k ;onftd ki f7i f ;0wfxm;onf h

@ Sy ftuôsjuD;atmufpud ktomvSefwifvd kuf_y D; txif;om;ay:vm

onfhwifyg;_zL_zLjuD;wpf_crf;ud kvuf0g;_zif hususeetkyfumqkyfud ki f

onf?

Ø cpfcpfcpf- -OD;uvJ- -×

td ki f7i f ;ucy f!k!kav;a_ymvd ku f _y D ;7e fy d k i fp d k ;>abmi f ;b Dc G jum;

ud ktomvuf!S d K ;_zif hxdonf? abmif;bDatmufrSzkz kxpfxpf_zpfae

aomvD;wefjuD;ud k vuf!S d K ;xdyfuav;_zif hrxdwxdyGwfay;onf?

xd kaemuftomav;av#mufvSr f ;xGufum xrif;pm;y G Jud k

qufIcif;usif;onf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;>rsufvH k;tjunfhu_r<rif;xHa7mufvmonf?

61

r dr du d k junf hv d ku faomtjunf hx Jw Gi ftjui fem7 dy fuav;r s m ;

cd kwG Jyg0ifaeonfud k _r<rif;cHpm;awG h@ S donf?

7e fy d k i f p d k ;on f _r<ri f ;@ S d 7mo d k htomav;av#mu fv Sr f ; c s O f ;uy f

vmonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;onf_r<rif;ud kcsuf_cif;wd k hxdud ki fwG<f_cif;r_yK?

_r<rif;>wpfud k<fvH k;a_cqH k;acgif;zsm;yifaphaphpyfpyfjunfhonf?

Ø orD;- -ae7xdki f7wm aumif;ygw<faemf ×

7efyd ki fp d k ;uar;onf?

_r<rif;b<fvd ka_z7rnfr Se f ;rod? xd kajumif hacgi f ;ud kom

ndwf_yvd kufonf?

Ø emwmawG- -atmif hwmawG_zpfraebl;r[kwfvm; ×

Todk ha_ym7if;7efy d ki fp d k ;u_r<rif;>nmbufvufuav;ud k

jui femp G mq ky fu d k i fonf ? xk d aemu ftomt<mqG J< lv d ku f7m

_r<rif;rSmvnf; 7efyd ki fpd k ;teD;od k hwd k;uyfa7muf@S doGm;avawmhonf?

62

Ø OD;e J haysm f7wmodyfaumif;w<fr[kwfvm; ×

7e fy d k i fp d k ;onfar;vd ku faomvnf ; _r<ri f ;x Hr Sta_zud kar #m fvi f h

xm;yH kr7? pum;@Smuma_ymonfhoabmom_zpfonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;>vufwpfbufu_r<rif;7pfywfxm;aom udk<f

okwfy0gtuGJjum;rStomwdk;0ifum _r<rif;>ql_zd K;p7ifom;tzl l ;

tiH kav;ud kqkyfud ki fonf?

Ø OD;e J haysm f7wm orD;twGufyxrOD;qH k ;tjudrfaemf- -

×

Ø [kwf- -[kwfygw<f- -tJ'g- -yxrqHk;ygyJ ×

_r<rif;rSm@Sufovdkvd k_zpfvmonf? <k<karmfESif htd kif7if;wd k h

u rdrdwd k hud kjunfhaernfud kvnf;_r<rif;odonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;onf

<k<karmfESif htd kif7if;wdk hudkcyfayghayghoabm_zifhzifykwfzifudkifomvkyfcJ h

_yD; rdrdudkrSjuifjuifememESif hta7;w<lpum;a_ymvmonfhtwGufv

vnf; _r<rif;urmefwuf~k^f<lcsifp dwfuav;ay:vmonf?

63

Ø 'gayr<f hor D ;uaumi f ;aumi f ; juD ;txmaygufoGm; _y D

qd kawmh aemufqd k' Dvd krs d K ;quf_yD;aysm fcsifaerSmyJr[kwfvm;? ×

_r<ri f ;taeE Si f h @ Su fa<mi fa<mi f _ zp f aer S K aw Gyay s mu fonf ?

pdwfat;at; wnfwnf_idr f _i dr fyif_yefvnfwH k h _yefonf?

_r<ri f ;uy Gi f hvi f ;p Gm _y H K ;v#ufud k< fud kvnf ;a h@ So d k htomwd k ;ay;

vdkufonf? 7ifudkrodromaumhay;7m 7efyd kifpd k;>vufESif hrdrd7ifom;

rsm;yd kxdatmifvkyfay;onf? Ed k htH kud kvnf;yd kIqkyfud ki fE d li fatmif_yK

ay;onf?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;onfbmrSa_ymraeawmhy J _r<rif ;>vufud kol>

abmif;bDwd kuav;>ar#mhjudK;jum;od k hxd k ;oGif;ay;vd kufonf?

vD;ar$;rsm;ud k _r<rif;>vufuxdawGh_zwfausmf_yD; axmif

rwfvmp_zpfaomvD;wefjuD;ud kvufacsmif;rsm;_zif hxdawG hqkyfud ki fr d

onf?

_r<rif;>7rufaZmawGaxmif;ueJxvmonf? <k<karmf

64

ESif htd ki f7if;wd k hud kyifta7;rxm;awmhyJ _r<rif;onfvD;acsmif;juD;ud k

tomyifqkyfud ki fy Gwfoyfupm;aeonf?

olwd k hawmhig hud kremvdk_zpfaejurSmyJ? _zpf_zpfayg h? OD;uighud k

y J ta7;ay;aewJhOpPm? [k_r<rif;pdwfxJwGifauseyfpGmawG;vd kuf

onf?

xd ktcd kufpl;@Saoma!Smfe H hay:vmonf?

Ø a[mawmh- -wl;ukef_y D- - ×

rD;zd kay:@S d0uftlacsmif;ajumftd k ;wl;oGm;_cif;_zpfonf? <k<k

armfonftvefhwjum;atmfum '<ftd k;ud kcsvd kufonf? 7efyd ki fpd k ;u

w[m;[m;7<f_yD;_r<rif;vufud kabmif;bDxJrSxkwfypfvd kufonf?

_r<rif;rSm xd kae7mwGifyifukef;ay;_yD;tvdk;c Hypfcsifp dwfud k

tomcsKyfwnf;xm;vd kuf7onf?

Ø uJuJ- -pm;zd k haomufzd k hud k t7ifvkyfjuygtH k;? awmfjum

65

tm;vH k;npmiwfukefjur<f? - -ajomf- -td ki f7if;a7- -tJ'D×

tuôsjuD;cÈwfvd kufuGm- -[dkykqd k ;<l_yD;0wfxm;ygvm; ×

7e fy d k i f p d k ;uxri f ;pm ;pm ;y G Jte D ; e H 7 H em ;r St0w fv Se f ; pi f ay :v $m ;

xm;aomucsify kqd k ;ud k!$e f _y_yD;a_ymonf?

bmajumif honfvdkvJvS<f0wfcd kif;7wmvJ? tajumif;wpfck

c kawmh@S drnf[k_r<rif;pdwfxJwGifawG;rdonf?

t d ki f7i f ;uawm h7e fy d k i fp d k ;a _ymonf htwd ki f ;v Jv S<f0wfqi fv d ku f

onf? td ki f7if;onfvH k;0@Sufajumufrae? tm;vH k;a@S hwGifcyfa_ymif

a_ymifyifcÈwfvJ_cif;_zpfonf?

_r<ri f ;E S i f h< k< karm fw d k h r S m0u ft lac smi f ;r s m ;u d k _ye f a jum f ju7

onf? xdkaemufxrif;pm;juonf? [if;awGuawmhrqd k;yg? 0uf

tlacsmif;ESif hbJOajumf| ig;aowWmokyf| yJeDav;[if;cs d K | ykef;7nfjuD;

okyf tawmfav;pH konf?

tm;vHk;xrif;pm;_rdefjuonf? waeukefumrpyf<Suftaysmf

66

usL;cJ hjuonfhtwGuf 0rf;awG[maewmudk;?

o lw d k hxri f ;pm ;aomufaeaomtcgw Gi fr Srmvmwi fa7muf@ S dvm

onf? olhud krac:yJxm;onfhtwGufrmvmwifrSmrausreyf_zpfrdonf

odk haomf7efyd kifpd k;udk<fwdkifolhtwGufxrif;rsm;cl;um [if;rsm;cyfxnfh

ay;vd kufaomtcg rmvmwif>rausreyf_zpfp dwfrsm;yaysmufoGm;

onf?

rmvmwif0wfvmonfuawmh twGif;cHabmif;bDwd kuav;

wpfxnfom_zp fonf? rde f ;uav;(4)a<mufwGi frmvmwifonf

ta_ymif@Si f;qH k ;vd k _zpfaeonf?

o d k h aom f7e fy d k i f p d k ;urmvmwi f>yvmusi f ;aeaom7i fom ;q d k i f

rsm;ud kvSrf;ud ki fz d k ha0;pG| junfhyifrjunfhyg?

rmvmwifrSm@kyf7nfjunfhaysmf@SLaysmfom@S d7m 7efyd kifpd k ;tae

eSif hacsmarmvSyonfh_r<rif;ESi f htd ki f7if;wd k ht_yif_zL_zLawmif hawmif h

w@kwfu_ym;rav;<k<karmfyg@S dae7mrmvmwifudk~@krpdkufwmuvnf;

rqef;ygacs?

67

c^tjumwGi ft dr f a@ S hq Dr Sv lac :ac gi f ; avmi f ;o Hw'i f 'i f _ rn f

vmonf?

_r<rif;rStyusefrde f;uav;oH k;a<mufpdwfvSKyf@ Sm;oGm;ju

onf? w<fvDzke f;qufonfud kjum;cJ h7ol_r<rif;omv#ifTvlac:

acgif;avmif;oHtajumif;em;vnfum a@S hbmquf_zpfrnfud kvnf;

odaeonf?

Ø bmrS pdwfrvSKyf@ Sm;juygeJ horD;wd k h7 J h? at;at;aq;aq;

aejuyg [kwfvm;? ×

7efyd kifpd k;uTodk ha_ym_yD;rD;zd kcef;xJrSxGufoGm;onf? xdkaemuf

wHcg;zGif hvdkufoHESif h a<mufsm;juD;ESpfa<muft_yeftvSefpum;a_ymoH

ud kjum;7onf? pum;oHrsm;uvHk;ae7m bmawGa_ymrSe f;awmhrod?

a<mufsm;ESp fa<mufpum;a_ymoHqd komud kodEd li fonf?

tdkif7if;| <k<karmfESif hrmvmwifwdk hoHk;a<mufysm<Dysm7m_zpf

ukefjuonf? olwd k h _zpfaejuyk Hud kjunfh_y D;

68

_r<rif;7<fcsifvmonf?

td ki f7i f ;u7ifvsm;0wfxm;aomucsi fy kqd k ;ud ky dy d<d<d_zp f

atmif_yef0wfonf? <k<karmfu7pfywfxm;aomudk<fokwfy0gjuD;

ud k csyfcsyf<yf<yf_zpfatmif_yKonf? twGif;cHyifwDabmif;bDwd ke H he H h

av;om0wfxm;aomrmvmwifuawmh tay:rSzH k ;umEd li fz d k h t0wf

wpfckckud kvd kuf@Smonf?

x d ktc s d e f r S myi fr D ; z d k ce f ; @ S d 7mo d k h av #mu fv Sr f ;vmonf h a _co Hr s m ;

ud kjum;7onf? rmvmwifrSm7ifom;qd ki frsm;ud kz H k ;umzd k ht0wftpm;

r7ao;? xdkajumif hvkyfrdvkyf7mvufESpfbufud k7ifrSmyd kufum Ed k htH k

rsm;ud kjudK;pm;umuG<fxm;vdkuf7onf?

r d e fuav;o H k ; a<mufonfxri f ;pm ;y G J ab;em ;w Gi fp k7y faev#u f

om;_zpfoGm;onf?

_r<ri f ;wp fa<mufwnf ;omr lvae7mw Gi fwnf _i d r f p G mx d k i f ae

onf? a7mufvmrnfholrSm7efyd ki fpd k ;>oli<fcsif;armifarmifyif_zpf_yD;

rdrdtygt0ifrdef;uav;oHk;a<mufvHk;uvnf;armifarmifvdk;wmcH7rnf

69

qdk_cif;ud k _r<rif;uomodaeonf?

tcef;xJuk d7efyd ki fp d k ;ut7ifqH k;0ifvmw<f?

7efyd ki fp d k ;aemufuawmhw_cm;a<mufsm;wpfa<muf?

t J' Dv lutce f ;tv<favmufr S m7y faew J h r de f ;uav;

oHk;a<mufudkpl;pd kufjunhfvdkufwJhtcg tcef;xJrSmwdwfqdwf_idrfouf

_cif;uzH k ;tkyfoGm;ygw<f?

tJ' Dr de f ;uav;oH k ;a<mufxJr SmrvH kr _c H Kt_zp fqH k ;uawmh

7cd ki frav;rmvmwifygyJ? 'gayr<fhxd kvl7J htjunfhuawmh td ki f7if;

ay:rSmompl;pd kufa7muf@S doGm;w<f?

tif;av? 'DoH k;a<mufxJrSmtd ki f7if;utacsmqHk;? tawmif h

qH k;ud k;?

tJ' Dvlu7efyd ki fp d k ;e J houfwl@G<fwlavmufygyJ? toufoH k ;

q<favmuf@S dw<f? t7yfvnf;_rif hw<f? 'gayr<fh7efyd kifpd k;avmuf

70

awmhr_rif hbl;?

@kyfuawmh7efyd kifpd k;xufydka_zmifhw<f? udk<fvHk;uawmhydefydef

yg;yg;? 'gayr<fhuspfvpfoefrmw<f? tm;aumif;armif;oefyH krs d K ;?

_r<ri f ;u' Dv l7 J h ay gi f jum;u d kr su f7 dy foe f ; _y D ; junf hv d ku fw<f?

~sif;abmif;bDjuyfjuyfudk0wfxm;wmrdk haygif7if;uzkzkxpfxpfvD;tae

ud krodrom_rifEd li fw<f?

Ø tm;yg;- -tacsmtvSav;awGygyJvm; ×

c^jumawmhtJ' Dvlua_ymw<f? ol hr sufvH k ;tjunf hu

vnf;_r<rif;bufud ka7mufw<f? 'Dvd ktjunhfcHvd kuf7wJhtcs de fr Sm

_r<rif;7ifxJzd kat;_yD; aygif7if;tzkwfuvnf;pd kp d kp dp d _zpfvmw<f?

tJ'Dvl7J htjunfhuodyf7Jwif;wmudk;? igvdk;7awmhr<fhaumif

rav;awGtoGifrs d K;e J hjunfhaerSef;_r<rif;odaewmrd k h pdwfvSKyf@Sm;_yD;

7rufaZmawGEd l ;jum;vm7wmygyJav?

71

7efyd kifpd k;u[ufueJwpfcsu7<farmvdkuf_yD; tdkif7if;udk<k<k

armfeJ hrmvmwifwd k htem;uaetoma@S hud kqG Jac:xkwfvd kufw<f?

Ø orD;wd k hud kr dwfqufay;7tH k ;r<f? 'guOD;7 J holi<fcsi f ;

armifarmif yJ?bmajumif hol hud kzdwfac:7wmvJqdkawmh- -OD;@Sif;@Sif;

y Ja_ymr<faemf- -orD;wd k hvlvnf;rsm;| t7rf;vnf;a[mhjuwmqdk

awmh OD;wpfa<mufwnf;rEd li fbl;av? 'gajumif htm;_znf hvd kufwm

ygyJ? ×

' Dv d k a _ym _y D ;wme J h7e fy d k i f p d k ;utd k i f7i f ;0w fxm;w J huc si fy kq d k ;u k d

qwfueJqG JcÈwfcsvd kufw<f?

Ø td k- - - ×

td ki f7i f ;ua<mi f<r f ;a7@ Gw f7i f ;zr f ;q G Jxm;z d k h ju d K ;pm ;ao;w<f

r7ygbl;? 7efyd ki fpd k ;qG JcÈwfvdkufwmuodyf_refwmudk;? ucsifykqd k;[m

jurf;_yifay:yH k7ufom;ud kusoGm;w<f?

Ø @SufraeygeJ huGm? armifarmifuorD;wd k hud kaysm fatmifvkyf

72

ay;r<fholyguG? ×

td ki f7i f ;0wfxm;wJ hucsi fy kq d k ;u d ku Gi f ;v H k ;uÈwfusatmi fvky fyp f

_y D ;awmh7efy d ki fp d k ;ua_ymw<f?

tJ' Dawm hr St d ki f7i f ;u d k@ Sy ftuô szm;zm;juD ;uaeucsi fy kq d k ;v J0wf

7ifvsm;cd ki f ;wmbmajumif hvJqd kwm_r<rif;7dy fr dygawmhw<f?

armifarmifa7mufvm7iftd ki f7if;ud ktvG<fwulud k<fvH k;wD;

cÈwf_yEd li fatmifud k ;?

' Dv d kt d k i f7i f ;u d kwp dr f ; a<muf s m ;wp fa<mufa@ S h r S mu d k< fv H k ;w D ;

_zpfoGm;7atmifvkyfvd kufwJht_yKtrludkawmh_r<rif;rjudKufvSygbl;?

armi farmi fuawm hu d k< fv H k ;w D ; _zp fo Gm ;w J ht d k i f7i f ;u d krx drud ki f

ao;yJ tompl;pd kufjunfhaew<f? junfhyH k@SLyH kuodyfudk7Jwif;wmyJ?

7rufaZmawGuvnf;t_ynfh?

td ki f7if;ra_ymeJ h? usefwJ hr de f;uav;awGawmifarmifarmif7J h

73

junfhyH kp l ;p l;7J7Jajumif h pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;vmju7w<f? _r<rif;tyg

t0ifayg hav?

tckqd k7ifolwd k htm;vH k ;uarmifarmifbmtwGufa7mufvm7

w<fqd kwmud kodukefju_yDav?

ud k< fvH k ;w D ;tcÈwf _yc Hv d ku fw J ht d ki f7i f ;uawm ho l hu d karmi farmi f

t7ifqH k;p_yD;vd k ;awmhr<fqd kwmudkodaew<f? 'DtwGufoabmus

~k^f<lovdkawmif_zpfrdwmajumif h apmapmuay:vmcJ hwJ h@Suf@G H hp dwf

uav;awGawmifaysmufukef _y D?

td kif7if;uacgif;av;armh| 7ifav;aumh| a_caxmufwpfbuf

rodromauG;| wifav;aemufypf_yD; tvSr<fud k<f[ef_yovdk cyf

ajumhajumhav;7yfaevdkufw<f?

junfhcsifoavmufjunfhygap? td ki f7if;vSvd k hjunfhwmyJ?

junfh_yD;pdwfxvm7if tkdif7if;udkaumif;aumif;vdk;ay;rSmr[kwfvm;?

a<mufsm;awG7rufaZmt7rf;xef_yD;jurf;jurf;vdk;7ifodyfudkcHvdk haumif;

ajumif; td ki f7if;odwmayg h?

74

armi f armi fuvnf ;on ftw d k i f ; jun f h ae@ H k e J htm ;r7awm hb l ; ?

toma@S hud kwd k ;vmw<f? _y D ;awmhnmvufud ktomqef hxkwf _y D ;

vufz sm ;av;awGe J ht d ki f7i f ;7 J hb<fbufE d k ho D ;xdy fuav;ud ktom

udkifprf;junfhw<f?

E d k hoD ;xdy fuav;csufcsi f ;ud kcÈe faumhaxmifwufvmw<f?

cy fomomav;x du d k i fv d ku fwm _ zp f ayr< f h E d k ho D ;q d kwmu

7ru fp dw f 7 J htc su ftc s m ae7mwp f c k r[ kw fvm ; ? ' g a jumi f h

t d k i f7i f ;wp fu d k< fv H k ;@ S d e f ;ue Jz de f ;ue J _zp f _y D ; juufoD ;z kav;awG

xoGm;w<f?

ud k<fvH k ;wD ; _zp faewmr d k h juufoD ;z kav;awGxoGm;wmud kawG hE d li f

_rifEdlifw<f? Adkvfu_ym;av;rdk htom;u_zLpGwfaew<fav? juufoD;zk

av;awGxaeawmhwpfrs d K ;y d kjunfhvd k haumif;w<f?

Ø tJ'gu tdkif7if;wJh? [dkqHyifaumufaumifeJ hw@kwfu_ym;

rav;u <k<karmf? !dk!dkav;u rmvmwif? qHyif@Snf@Snfuav;u

_r<rif;- - - ×

75

7efyd ki fp d k ;urdef;uav;awG7J hemrnfud ka_ym_yvd kufw<f?

Ø tay:xyfudkoGm;ju7atmifvm; aumifrav;- -eifhudkig_y

p7m@S dw<f? ×

armifarmifutdki f7if;7J hE d k htH kwpfbufud kcyfzGzGav;qkyfud ki fjunfh_yD;

a_ymw<f?

armi farmi f7 J hay gi f jum;uvD;wefjuD ;[mododomomz kxpfaewm

udk_r<rif;awGh7w<fav? tdkif7if;udktay:xyfutdyfcef;xJac:oGm;_yD;

vd k ;awmhr<fqd kwmuvnf; aA'ifar;aep7mrvdkbl;?

td ki f7if;uarmifarmif hud krsufawmiftomarS;pif;junf h _y D ;acgi f ;av;

tomndwf_yw<f?

armifarmifutd ki f7i f ;7 J hy kc ke f ;ud ky d ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fy Jod ki f ;zufvd kufw<f?

ol hrsufESmuawmh _yH K;vd k h?

76

touf 17 ESpft@G<fAdkvfu_ym;r_zL_zLawmifhawmifhacsmacsm

av;ud kvd k ;7awmhrSmud k;? oabmusaerSmayg h?

' D aemufawm harmi farmi f[mA d kv fu_ym ;rav;ud kzu f _y D ;

{nf hcef;xJu xGufoGm;ygw<f?

_r<rif;7J hp dwfxJrSmwpfrs d K ;juD;yJ?

_zpfysufaewJ hta_ctaeawGud kodyfrauseyfcsi fbl;?

_r<rif;[m umrt7omudkvd kvm;oabmusaewmuawmh

trSefygyJ? a<mufsm;wpfa<mufeJhumrpyf<Sufzdk hudkvnf;aemufwGefhrae

awmhygbl;?

' g a y r< f h t c k o l w d k h v k y f a q m i f a e j uw m aw G u

enf;vrf;ruswmudkawm hpOf;pm;junfhr dw<f?

77

olw d k h[m7e fy d k i f p d k ;u d kt7i fuodc J h juwmr[kw fb l ; ?

r÷av;uye f ; _c Hwp fc kx Jr S mvmqH kr dwm? _y D ;awm h7e fy d k i f p d k ;

ac :7maemu fu d kv d ku fc J h juw<f? 7e fy d k i f p d k ; e J humrpy f< Su f

taysmfusL;cJ hjuw<f?

tif;- -aysmfc J ht7omawGhc J hwmuawmhtrSefygyJ?

a[m- -karmifarmifqd kwJ hrsufESmpdrf;wpfa<mufyg0ifvm

_ye f _y D ?

wu<fv d k h _ r<ri f ;taee J h at;at;aq;aq;quf _y D ; pO f ; pm ;

a w G ; a w m E d l i f r < f q d k v d k h @ S d 7 i f t c k u s a 7 mu f a ew J h

ta _ctaeuae@ k e f ;x Gu fE d l i f r< f hvr f ; pu d k aw G h 7aumi f ;

awGh7vdrf hr<f?

78

'gayr<fh_r<rif;tzd k hat;at;aq;aq;rpOf;pm;Ed li fc J hygbl;? <k<k

armfeJhrmvmwifwdkhESpfa<mufolhtem;udka7muf@Sdvmwmrdkh_r<rif;7JhtawG;

pawGvnf;_ywfawmufoGm;w<f?

<k<karmfe J hrmvmwifwd k h[mvnf;armifarmifa7mufvmwJ htwGuf

wpfrs d K ; _zpfaejuyH kygy J?

'gud k7efyd ki fp d k ;u7dyfrd_yD; ta_ctaeudk0ifxdef;w<f?

Ø uJ bmrSp dwftaESmi f ht<Sufr_zp fjuyge J horD ;wd k h7 J h ?

o r D ; w d k h u av ; a< mu f | O D ; uw p f a< mu fx Jq d k a w m h

bufrr #b l ;r[kwfvm;? ' gajumi f h or D ;w d k h av;a<mufvH k ;

aysm faysm fyg ;yg ;aeEd li fatmif armifarmifud k ac:vd kufwmyg? ×

7efy d ki fp d k ;u'Dvd ka_ym_y D ;rmvmwifud kod ki f ;zufvk dufw<f?

_yD;awmh rmvmwif7JhEdk htHkwpfbufudkvnf;vuf0g;juD;eJhtkyfudkifw<f?

E d k ho D ;acgi f ;av;ud kz sp f!Sp fw<f? Ed k ho D ;acgi f ;av;[mcsufcsi f ;y J

79

aumhawmifwufvmwmayg h?

rmvmwifu7cdkifrqdkawmh w@kwfu_ym;r <k<karmfvdkEd k hoD;

acgif;r@Snfbl;? cyfao;ao;cÈefcÈefav;yJ?

E d k h t H k u a w m h < k < k a r m f x u f y d k x G m ; w < f ?

td ki f7if;ud kawmhrrDbl;av? udki fvd k haumif;ygw<f?

Ø uJ- -orD;wdk hESpfa<muf 'DrSmat;at;aq;aq;aecJhjutHk;

ayg h- -[kwfvm;? rmvmudkO D;ac:oGm;csifvd k h ×

_r<rif;onfrmvmwifud kqwfueJjunfhvd kufonf?

rmvmwifonfxdwfvefhaeonfh[efr@Sd? olr>rsufESmay:wGif

auseyfonfht7dyftoGifrsm;ay:vGifaeonf?

apmapmy d k i f ;uwp fa<mufwnf ;ab;tz<fc Hxm ;7ovd k _ zp f ae

aomrmvmwifonf <ckvdk7efyd kifpd k;uolrudkac:xkwfoGm;csifajumif;

80

a_ymvmonfud k tawmfav;oabmusaeyH k7onf?

rmvmwifonfolr>Ed k ht H kwpfbufud kaqmhupm;aeonf h7e fy d ki fp d k ;

>vufud kwpfcsufiH k h junfhonf? xd kaemuf<k<karmfESi f h _r<rif;wd k h

bufod k hvSrf;junfh_y D;wpfcsuf_yH K ;7<f_yonf?

rdrdtae_zifh7efydkifpdk;ac:7maemufodkhvdkufoGm;vdkajumif;_yvdkuf_cif;yif?

rmvmwi fonf7e fy d k i f p d k ;>abmi f ;b Dc G jum;u d kvufc ke f av; _zi f h

tomav;xdyGwfay;vdkufao;onf? xdkodk hyGwfay;rSKajumifh abmif;bD

wdkuav;atmufrSvD;wefjuD;zkxpfawmifjuGvm;aomtcg rmvmwif

tawmfauseyfoGm;onf?

olrtae_zif h7e fy d ki fp d k ;p dwfxvmatmifp Gr faqmifE d li fc J honfr[kwfyg

vm;?

7efyd ki fp d k ;uoabmuspGm7<farm7if;rmvmwifud kqG Jac:oGm;onf?

<k<karm fE Si f h _r<ri f ;w d k honfxGufc G go Gm ;aomp H kw G Ju d k junf h7i f ;

81

usefaecJhonf? rmvmwifwpfa<mufa<mufsm;vdk;wmcH7awmhrnfudk

olwd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k ;odaeonf?

txyfc d k ;ay:@ S dt dy fce f ;E Sp fce f ;xJwGi farmi farmi fE Si f h7e fy d ki fp d k ;w d k hu

aqmfwpfayGpD_zif hvd k ;cef;zGi f hjuawmhrSmygvm;?

Ø b<fvd kvJ<rif;? igwd k hy Jusefaeawmhw<f? uJyg[m?

eife J hig {nfhcef;ab;u[dktcef;av;xJud koGm;ju7atmifvm;? ×

twe f jumw dw fq dw f a e _ y D ;w J h a e mu f < k< k a r m fu

_r<rif ;ud ka _ymw<f? w@kwfu_ym;rav;7J hr sufvH k ;awGuvnf;

_ r<r i f ;w p fu d k< fv H k ; u d k p m ; aw m h 0 g ; aw m h r< f h tw d k i f ;

pl;pl;7J7JjuD;ud kjunfhvd k haew<f?

b<fv d k _ zp fwmv J ? <k< karm fui g hu d kt7i fu' Dv d k r s d K ;

wpfcgrSrjunfhbl;ygvm;? _r<rif;[mpdwfvSKyf@ Sm;vmw<f?

[kwfy gw<fav? rmvmwi fe J h aw G h7 _y D ;r S< k<karm f[m

rdef;uav;csif; Øyvl;× juwJhtwwfaumif;awGem;vnfvmwmudk;?

82

tck_r<rif;ud kyvl;junfhcsifae_yDav?

]m^fxufwJhrdef;uav;wpfa<mufrdkh_r<rif;[m <k<karmfbm

ajumifhonfvdkrsdK;_zpf7w<fqdkwmcefhrSef;rdygw<f? oleJhrmvmwifwdkhESpf

a<muf Øyvl;× cJ hjuwmawGud kvnf;_yefowd7w<f?

tJ_yD;awmh| ol htzkwfud kaumif;aumif;7ufay;csi fw<fvd k h

udkatmifxl; zifvdk;wmudkcH7if;q7mra':xm;7iftirf;r7a_ymqdkcJ hyH kudk

vnf;_yefjum;a<mifvmw<f?

rdrdudkbmajumifhrsm;a<mufsm;awGuomruyJ rdef;rawGuyg

oabmusaeju7wmvJvd k hvnf;_r<rif;awG;junfhrdw<f?

Ø eifu igeJ haysm fcsi fvd k hvm; ×

_r<rif;u<k<karmfud karmfjunfh_yD;ar;w<f?

Ø at;ayg h[- -eif htzkwfutar$;wyifrSawmifraygufyJ

_zLEkaewm? odyfvSwmyJ? eif htzkwfud kig7ufjunfhcsifwmjum_yD-

83

- - ×

<k<karmfu wpfwpfcGcGyJa_ymw<f?

Ø aumifrpkwf a_ymyH kud ku ×

b m y J _ z p f _ z p f on fv d k w p fw p f c G c G a _ y mw mu d k aw m h

_r<rif;oabmusovdk _zpfr dygw<f?

Ø b<fvd kvJ oGm;jurvm; ×

Ø tif;- -oGm;av- - ×

_r<ri f ;e J h< k< karm fw d k h E Sp fa<muf[m vufc si f ;w G J _y D ;

rD;zd kcef;xJudxGufvmjuw<f?

tJ- -{nfhcef;eJ huyfv#uf@S dwJ htcef;av;em;vnf;a7mufa7m

7rufaZm_ynfhaewJhnnf;oHawG| a7@GwfoH| vSKyf@Sm;oHawGudkjum;7

awmhwmygy J?

84

aumifrav;ESpfa<mufvnf;a_cvSrf;wHk h7yfoGm;w<f? _yD;awmh

ESpfa<mufom;rwdkifyif7yJeJha_cazgheif;_yD;tcef;wHcg;0udkcsOf;uyfoGm;ju

w<f? aemufawmhtomav;tcef ;xJud kacsmi f ;junf hjuwmayg h ?

vufpowfawmharmi farmi futd ki f7i f ;ud ktxyfc d k ;ay:utdy fce f ;xJ

awmifa7mufatmifac:roGm;awmhyJ {nfhcef;eJ huyf7uftcef;av;xJu

cHwifav;ay:rSmyJwif_yD; vd k;aewmudk;?

_ri f7w J h _ ri fu Gi f ;uawm h wu<f7ufa7my gw<fav?

acsmif;junfhvdkufjuwJhaumifrav;ESpfa<muf[m t7rf;udk7ifzdkoGm;ju

7wmyJ?

Ø b<fES<fhvJtdkif7if;- -igvdk;wmcHvdkhaumif;7Jhvm;? ighvD;juD;

u eif htjudKufjuD;juD;@Snf@SnfwkwfwkwfjuD;r[kwfvm;- - ×

armifarmif7J hwpfwpfcGc Ga_ymqd kar;_ref;oHuk djum;7w<f?

' g w i f b< f [ k w f r S m v J ? v S K y f @ S m ; y H k a w G u d k y g

uGufuGufuGif;uGif;_rif7ao;w<fav?

85

tif;- -armifarmif[mt0wftpm;awGr@S dawmhbl;?

ud k<fwH k;vH k ;juD;?

yu fvu fuav; _zp f a ew J ht d k i f 7i f ;u d k< f ay :wu fc G _ y D ;

zifa_ymifjuD;wvSKyfvSKyfe J h ukef;umuGumvdk;aewmav?

_r<rif;wd k hacsmif;junf haewJ hae7muqdk7ifvD;e J hapmufzkwfwyf7uf

o m ; j u D ; _ z p f a e w m u d k a o a o c s m c s m _ r i f 7 w m a y g h ?

armifarmif7JhvD;wefwkwfwkwf@Snf@SnfjuD;utdkif7if;7Jhapmufzkwfav;xJ

wd k ;0i f _ye fx Guf _zp faewmud k junf h7i f ; _r<ri f ;e J h< k<karm fw d k h

E Sp fa<muftouf@SLawGrSm;ukefjuw<f?

a r m i f a r m i fut d k i f 7 i f ;u d k c s a e y H ku d k jun f h 7wmu d ku

bmajumi f hr Se f ;rody gb l ; ? _r<ri f ;7 J h7rufp dw fawGud kt7r f ;u d k

_yif;xefvmapw<f?

td ki f7if;ud kvd k ;aewJ harmifarmif7J hvD;juD;rdr dapmufzkwfxJud kxd k ;xnfh

86

_ y D ; v d k ; v m 7 i f b< f v d k r s m ; a e r v J q d k w J h t a w G ; u

_r<rif;7J hacgif;xJrSmtxif;om;ay:vmw<f?

'DtawG;u_r<rif;7JhumrcvkwfawGudkxdk;zGifhvdkufovdkyJ? _r<

rif;7J hapmufzkwfxJrSmt7nfjunfawGt7rf;ud kpd kvmw<f?

Ø tvdk;cHvdkhaumif;7Jvm;vdkhar;aewmrjum;bl;vm;aumifrav;

a_z7ifa_zaemf? r[kwf7ifeif hapmufzkwfpkwf_ywfxGufoGm;atmifud k

wtm;aqmif hvd k ;ypfvd kufr<f bmrSwfovJ? ×

armifarmif7Jh_cdrf;a_cmufpum;oHudkjum;7awmh _r<rif;eJh<k<k

armfwdk hESpfa<muf wpfa<mufvufwpfa<mufwif;wif;juyfjuyfjuD;

qkyfud ki fvd kufrdw<f?

td ki f7if;tpm; olwd k hausmcsrf;oGm;juwmayg h?

a_ym7if;eJ harmifarmifucyfjurf;jurf;aqmif hvd k ;ypfvd kufwm

wb G y f b G y f to H aw G ao m ao mu d k n H o G m ; aw m hw m y g y J ?

taqmi f h c H a e7w J ht d k i f 7 i f ; 7 J h z i f ju D ;[mvn f ; ar G h 7 may :u

juGwufvmvdkuf| tdueJ_yefusoGm;vd kufayg h?

87

Ø tm;[m;[m[ OD;armif7<f- -[if h[if h ×

A d kv fu_ym ;rav;7 J h y g ;py fucy fo J ho J htoHav;a7@ Gw fnnf ;w Gm ;

w<f? axmifay;xm;7wJhaygifvHk;juD;awGwqwfqwfvSKyfcgvmw<f?

vufuav;ESpfbufuvnf;tay:uaqmifhvdk;aeolarmifarmif7Jhausm_yif

juD;ud k cyfwif;wif;zufwG<fvmw<f?

Ø [ifh- -aqmifhygOD;armif7Jh- -aqmifhprf;yg- -OD;armifaqmifh

vdk;wmodyfudkcHvdkhaumif;wmyJ? aqmifhav- -wtm;aqmifh tdkif7if;7Jh

tzkwfxJrSm_ynf hodyfoGm;atmifud k aqmif hay;prf;ygOD;armif7<f- -

cHvd k haumif;vGef;vd k hyg? ×

' Dvd ka_ym7if ;tdxGm; _zLaz G ;wJ hzi fqH k juD;ud kvnf;t_ywfud kaumhay;

w<f? a0h0d kufvSKyf@ Sm;ay;w<f?

tif;- -armifarmifb<faeEd lifawmhrSmvJ? i<fi<facsmacsm

aumifrav;u7ruf_yif;_yif;eJ hawmif;wvdkufwJhtoHu armifarmifudk

E Gm;od k ;judK;_ywfvd kt7rf;ud kE SmxefoGm;apw<f?

88

td ki f7i f ;a _ymvd ku fwJ hpum;vH k k ;awGu 7ruf _yi f ;apwm

r [ k w f b l ; ? t o H u v n f ; w d k ; w d k ; r # i f ; r # i f ; a v ; e J h ?

jum;vd ku f7wJ h _r<ri f ;e J h< k<karm fw d k h awmi ft_ywfp dw fvS Ky f@ Sm ;

ukefjuw<f?

armi farmi fuvnf ;p dw fxxe J ht7r f ;u d k aqmi f hv d k ;awm hwmy gy J ?

olhvD;acsmif;juD;uwbGyfbGyftoHawGeJhtwl tdkif7if;7JhapmufzkwfxJudk

t@Sdef_yif;_yif;0ifaew<f? olha~G;OwGJjuD;awGuawmh tdkif7if;7Jhwifyg;qHk

_zL_zLazG;azG;juD;ud k wzwfzwf@d kufrdaewmyJ?

'gawGudkjunfhaejum;ae7_yD; olomtdkif7if;ae7mrSm@Sdae7ifvdk h

p d w f u l ; < O f a e r d w J h _ r< r i f ; w p f a< mu f Ø _ y D ; × v kv k

ta_ctaeawmifa7mufvm7w<f?

Ø vm[m- -igwdkhtxyfcdk;ay:udkoGm;jupdkh? olwdkhvkyfaewmudk

junfh_y D; igpdwfawGt7rf;xae_yD ×

89

< k< k a r m f u _ r< r i f ; u d k w d k ; w d k ; a v ; a _ y m w< f ?

tomtem;uyf_yD;a_ymrdwmajumifh _r<rif;eJ h<k<karmfwdk hESpfa<muf

udk<fvH k;csif;xdrdjuw<f?

< k< k a r m f[m _ r<ri f ; 7 J h t7 i f ; E S D ;q H k ;o l i< f c s i f ; y g ?

ausmif;rSmqdk7ifwpfcHkxJawmiftwlwlxdkifcJhjuwm? <k<karmfeJhxdrdwm|

ud ki fr dwmbmqef;vd k hvJ?

a [ m - - t c k a w m h c g w d k i f ; v d k r [ k w f a w m h b l ; ?

< k< k a r m f e J h u d k < f c s i f ; x du y f r d w J h t c g _ r<r i f ; o d y f u d k

p dwfvSKy f@ Sm;oGm;7wmyJ?

_r<rif;[m<k<karmfeJhtwlvdkufoGm;_yD; oli<fcsif;ESpfa<muf

ayG hzufyGwf7ufay;zd k hawmifpdwful;rdw<f?

'gayr<fhtdkif7if;udkarmifarmifuaqmifhvdk;aewJh wbGyfbGyfwzGwf

zGwftoHawG7<f| td ki f7if;7J ht7omawGh_y D; wtif htif hw[if h[if h

a7@Gwfnnf;wGm;oHawG7<f| tm;pdkufcGefpd kufaqmifhvdk;ae7wmajumifh

90

armi f armi f 7 J hw@ S L ; @ S L ;w@ S J @ S J e J htouf@ S L _ yi f ; aeo Haw G7< fu

_r<rif;7J hp dwfud kwpfrs d K ;wpfzH ka_ymif;vJapw<f?

rdef;rcsif;b<fvdkyGwfyGwf| erf;erf;| 7uf7uf| pkyfpkyf| olhrsufpd

a @ S h r S m _ r i f a e 7ov d k a<mu f s m ;v D ; e J h tv d k ; c H 7wmavmu f

t7omrawGhE d li fbl;qd kwm_r<rif;pOf;pm;rdw<f?

_r<ri f ;7 J h ao G ;om ;aw GuvD ;u d kwr f ;waew<fv d k hq d k 7r S may g h ?

a<mufsm;vd k ;wmud kc Hcsi faew<fav?

'gajumif h _r<rif;u<k<karmfud ktomav;wGef;z<fypfvd kufw<f?

Ø ig- -eifeJhrvdkufawmhbl;? [dk- -rmvmeJhOD;wdkhqDudkeifyJoGm;

_yD; rmvmaumif;aumif;tvdk;cHEd lifzd k heifulay;vdkuf? igawmh'DrSmyJaecJh

r<f? ×

_r<rif;ucyfwd k ;wd k ;av;_yefa_ymw<f?

91

<k<karm f[m_r<ri f ;e J hyvl ;c si fayr<f hac:vd k hr7E d li fr Se f ;o dawm h

olwpfa<mufwnf;yJtomxGufoGm;w<f?

armifarmifeJhtdkif7if;wdkhvdk;aejuwJhtcef;wHcg;0rSm _r<rif;wpf

a<mufwnf;usefaecJ hwmayg h?

<k<karmfxGufoGm;Iwpfa<mufwnf;usefaeaomtcg _r<rif;

tawmfav;pdwfvGwfud k<fvGwf@S doGm;onf?

_r<ri f ;onfarmi farmi fE Si f ht d ki f7i f ;wd k hv d k ; juaqmfjuwmawGud k

yd kIteD;uyfjunfhvdkvmonf? vdk;oH| aqmfoH| t7omawGhoGm;oHrsm;

dudkvnf;ydkIus<fus<fjum;vdkvmonf? xdkajumifhtcef;0rSacsmif;junfh

ae7mrS tomyiftxJod k hav#mufvSrf;0ifvmonf?

r dr d0i fvmonfud kt d ki f7i f ;E Si f harmi farmi fwd k h7 dy fr do Gm ;r Smud kvnf ;

aw G ; ry l awm h y g ? o do G m ;v d k hvn f ;v d k ; a e juo lE S p f a<mu fu

pdwfqd k ;r Smr[kwfwmudk _r<rif;aumif;aumif; odonf?

xd kajumif htcef;xJod k hcyf7J7Jyifav#mufvSrf;0ifa7mufoGm;onf?

92

vd k ; aumi f ; c H aumi f ; _ y D ;t@ S d e fwu faeavjuaomp H kw G Juawm h

_r<rif;0ifvmonfud krodjuao;? tm;7yg;7vd k;aejuonf?

_r<ri f ;onfarmi farmi fE Si f ht d k i f7i f ;w d k humrpy f<Sufaejuonf h

cHwifab;em;od k hyifa7mufvmonf? cHwifab;wGif' l;axmufxd ki fum

aoaocsmcsmud kjunfhonf?

TtcgwGifrS_r<rif;a7mufvmonfudkarmifarmifu7dyfrdoGm;onf?

armi farmi fonf _r<ri f ;ud kp _ri fc gpuyi fody fud koabmusoGm;c J h

on f ? tu<fIol htae _zi f h p dw fw d k i f ;u sa@ G ;c s< fc G i f h @ S d c J hv #i f

_r<rif;ud kom t7ifqH k ;vd k ;z d k hac:rnf_zpfonf?

7efydkifpdk;utdkif7if;udkt0wfcÈwfum_ycJhonfhtwGuf| tdkif7if;u

vnf;_zL_zLawmifhawmifhacsmacsmvSvSav;_zpfaomajumifh armifarmif

onfbmr#a_ymraeawmhyJ td ki f7if;ud ky Jvd k ;z d k hac:cJ h _cif;_zpfonf?

<ck_r<rif;a7mufvmonfudkawGh7onfhtwGuf armifarmif

t7rf;udkauseyfoGm;onf? tdkif7if;_yD;onfESifh_r<rif;udkqufudkifvdkuf@Hk

@ S dawmhonfr[kwfygvm;?

93

armi farmi fonf_r<rif ;>vnf~ kwfud kqwfueJqG J<lcsvd kufonf

_r<rif;>rsufESmrSmarmifarmif>zifem;a7mufoGm;onf?

wpfvpfjuD;_zpfaeaomvD;ESi f hapmufzkwfwd k hud kvnf;xifxif@ Sm;@ Sm;

juD;_rif7avawmhonf?

Ø aoaocsmcsmjunfhaumifrav;? eifvnf;ighpum;em;axmif

_yD; iga_ymwJhtwdkif;vkyfr<fqdk7if olhvdkyJaumif;aumif;t7omcHpm;7

atmif igvkyfay;r<f ×

armi farmi f>a_ympum;rsm;onf7i f ho D ; _y D ;r dr dud kapm fum;arm fum;

_yK_cif;_zpfajumif;_r<rif;odonf?

od k h aom fxd ko d k h a _ymqd k _y Kr lonf htwGuf _r<ri f ;onfvH k ;0yi fp dw f

rqd k;Ed li fc J hay?

a' gotpm;aoG ;qlum7rufp dw fawGomy d kr d k _yi f ; _yxufoe fvm7

onf? _r<rif;>vufuav;wpfbufqefhxGufoGm;_yD; armifarmif>

94

a ~ G ; O w G J j u D ; w p f c k u d k to mt< mq k y f u d k i f v d k u f on f ?

tar $ ;r sm ;aygufae_y D ; y ly laE G ;aE G ; juD ; _zp fonf ha~ G ;OwG JvJjuD ;>

xdawGhr S Kt7omudk_r<rif;tawmfoabmusoGm;onf?

armifarmifutdkif7if;udkaqmifhvdk;aecsdef_zpf7m a~G;Orsm;ut_idrf

rae? wvSKyfvSKyf_zpfaeonf?

u d k atmi fx l ;>a~ G ;Or sm ;u d kq7mra':xm;7i futir f ;r7p ky fay ; |

7 u f a y ; c J h y H k r s m ; u d k _ r < r i f ; _ y e f _ r i f a < m i f v m on f ?

_ r<ri f ;>p dw f aw Gt7r f ;v S K y f @ S m ;vmon f ? a~ G ; O r s m ;u d k

7ufay;vd kp dwfawGuvnf; odyfud k _yif;_yvmonf?

_r<rif;updwfudkcsKyfwnf;atmifhtnf;rxm;awmh? tomyifa@Sh

o d k h u d k i f ;u m e D 7 J p d k p Gw f aom @ S muav ;u d kwp fvp fx kw f I

armifarmif>a~G;OjuD;wpfvH k ;ud ktom7ufay;vd kufonf?

Ø tm;- -@S D ;- -[kwf_yD- -[kwf_yD- -7ufay;av?

aumif;aumif;7ufay;- -odyfud kaumif;wmyJ [if; ×

armifarmi f7 J hauseyftm;7pGma7@Gwfvd kufoHrsm;ay:vmonf? xd k

95

toHrsm;onf_r<rif;>r7Jw7Jav;_zpfaerSKud kyaysmufoGm;aponf?

_r<ri f ;onfa~ G ;Or sm ;u d k@ S m _zi f htm;7y g ;7yi f7ufay;vd k ku fonf?

xd kr#ru yg;pyf_zif hi H kIyifpkyfay;vd kufao;onf?

Ø tm;yg;- - ×

armi farmi fonfy g ;py fr Sausey fp G ma7@ Gw f7i f ;wtm;ud k aqmi f h c s

vdkufonf?

Ø bGyf- -bk- - ×

Ø [if h- -OD;armif- - ×

vD;0i foGm;oHE Si f htd ki f7i f ;>auseyftm;7pGm_rnfwrf;vd kufoHrsm;ud k

yg _r<rif;jum;7onf?

_r<rif;rSmvnf;tawmfav;oabmusoGm;um armifarmif>

a~G;Orsm;udkcyfjurf;jurf; tmom_yif;_yif;ESif hqufI7ufay;pkyfay;av

awmhonf?

96

armifarmiftzdk hrSmvnf;olhpdwfudkxdef;rxm;Ed lifawmh? olha~G;O

awGudki<fi<fElElaumifrav;u@Sm_zifh7uf| yg;pyf_zifhpkyfay;aerSKonf

armifarmif>umrpdwfqif@d ki f ;ud kt_ywfud kr ke f<d koGm;aponf?

armi farmi fonfp dw fxx_zi f ht7r f ;u d k aqmi f hv d k ;yp fv d ku fonf?

olh7ifcGifatmuf@SdAd kvfu_ym;rav;tdkif7if;c_rmrSmawmh tm;_yif;xdrdvS

onfhaqmifhvdk;csufrsm;udk rdef;rl;vl;vGefhoGm;atmifyifcH7avawmhonf?

Ø tdkif7if;a7- -eif_ref_ref_yD;rS_zpfawmhr<f? igawmhodyfjum

jumrxdef;xm;Ed lifawmhbl;? v7nfawGxGufukefawmhr<f?- -aumh-

-aumh- -zifud kaumh- - ×

armifarmifonftHudkwif;wif;judwfuma_ym7if; '7jurf;yif

aqmif hvd k;onf?

wu<fawmhtdkif7if;udkt_refqHk; Ø_yD;× atmifvkyfzd k hawG txl;

a_ymqd kwd kufwGe f;p7mrvd kyg?

armi farmi f>aqmi f hc su fr sm ;onftxl ;yi fx dr d _yi f ;xe fv Say7m

97

tdkif7if;rSmvnf;b<frSmv#ifjumjumqufaeEd li fygrnfenf;?

armi farmi favmaqm fa _ymqd konf hpum;r sm ;u d kyi ft d k i f7i f ;c _rm

rjum;Edlifyg? tdkif7if;onftonf;cdkufatmifxdrdvSaomaqmifhvdk;csuf

rsm;udkcH7if; zifqHkjuD;aumhys HvSKyf@Sm;aeovdk acgif;uvnf;b<fnm

<rf;cgaeonf?

armi farmi f>ausmud kvnf ;vufonf ;r sm ; _zi f hwtm;ud k

ukwf_cpfonf?

Ø tm;yg;yg; OD;7<f- -[if h--td ktarh- -tm; ×

A d kvfu_ym;rav;>yg;py fr Sa7@ Gwfnnf;wGm;oHrs d K ;p H kay:xGufonf?

aqmi f hv d k ; a eon f r d k h t@ S d e f _ y i f ; _ y i f ;o Gu fvu f _ r e fqe f p G m

0i fx Gu fv S Ky f @ S m ; aeonf hv D ;we f ju D ;on f ai gu fawmu fav;

axmifaeaomapmufaphav;ud k t_ywfyifyGwfwd kufaeonf?

td ki f7if;c_rm aoG;om;tausmtcsOfawGtm;vH k;qlyGufv#uf

umrt7omtxGwftxdyfod k hwufvSrf ;a7muf@S doGm;avawmhonf?

98

Ø_yD;× orSxdef;rEdlifodrf;r7Edlifawmhatmifudk Ø_yD;× oGm;7_cif;_zpf

onf?

xd kod k h Ø_y D ; × oGm;c J h _y D ;aemuf td ki f7i f ;c_rmaoG;om;rsm;

q ly Gu fv S K y f @ S m ; r S k '^ fu d k rc H E d l i f y J owdvp fov k d yi f _ zp fo G m ;

cJ havawmhonf?

armifarmifudkwtm;yifzufwG<fxm;onf? 7ifuvnf;t_ywf

ud kc ke fonf? acgif;xJ7Da0aemufusdaeonf?

xdktcsdefwGifarmifarmif>vD;wefxdyfzsm;rSvnf; okwf7nfrsm;

yspfueJyspfueJyef;xGufvmcJ honf?

armi farmi fonfr de f ;rrc s7y J@ S d c J honfr S mwp fvce f hyi f jumae _y D ?

onfawm ho l h a~ G ;Or smx Jw Gi fo d k av Smi fxm;aomokw f7n faw Gu

o d y f u d k r s m ; on f ? w^ S m _ y i f ; x e f a ev G e f ; c s d e f r d k h vn f ;

okwfxGufuodyfud kjurf;onf?

ylaEG;yspfcÈJaomokwf7nfrsm;onf tdkif7if;>apmufacgif;xJwGif

t_ynf htv#H_zpfonf? t_yifod k hyiftefxGufukefonf?

99

onfvdkokwfxGufjurf;rSKuvnf; tdkif7if;>pdwfudkt7rf;yif

vSKyf@ Sm;aponf? aoG;om;awGtpGrf;ukefqlyGufaponf?

tdkif7if;onfwpfudk<fvHk;aumhwufonf? armifarmifudkwtm;

zufonf? xdkaemufwGifawmhacgif;xJ7Da0um armuspGmtdyfarmusoGm;

avawmhonf?

olr>t7rf;vS Ky f@ Sm;c J h7aomaoG;om;E Si f htm@H kajumrsm;utem;<l

zd k hvd kae_yDav?

Ad kvfu_ym;rav;acGaysmhndrfusoGm;aomfvnf; armifarmifu

awmhqufIzifwvSKyfvSKyf_zpfaeqJ? olhvD;xdyfrSokwf7nfawGuawmh

yspfueJyspfueJyef;xGufaeqJ?

aemufqH k ;w Gi fr Sarmi farmi f>vS Ky f@ Sm ;r S Kvnf ;7y fwe f h _i dr fusoGm ;

onf?

100

_ r<ri f ; r S m awm h7ru fr D ; aw Gt7r f ; avmi f _ r d Ku f ae _y D ?

armi f armi f>a~ G ; Or s m ;u d ktir f ; r7yi f7u fay ; | p k y f ay ;ae7m

toufud kyifrenf;@SL7onf?

t d ki f7i f ;>apmufz kw fx Jr Sarmi farmi f>vD ; ju D ; _y Kw fusxGufvm

aomfvnf; _r<rif;uawmha~G;Orsm;ud k7ufay;pkyfay;aewkef;?

tzkwfxJr Sv# HxGufp D ;usvmaomokwf7nfrsm;E Si f hapmuf7nfjunf

rsm;onfa~G;Orsm;ay:udkyga7mufvm7m <if;t7nfrsm;udk_r<rif;7ufrd

pkyfrdonf?

_r<rif;rSm@GH@Smzdk hyifrodawmh? iHusdusdt7omESifh !SDpkdpdk7eHhav;

rsm;udkyif pGJrufIoGm;avao;onf? _r<rif;utmom_yif;_yif;ESifha~G;O

wGJvJrsm;udktirf;r77ufaepkyfae7m aemufqHH k;wGifarmifarmifyifrcHEd lif

awmhyJ _r<rif;>acgif;ud ktomqGJz<fypfvd kuf7onf?

olonfvnf;okwf7nfawmfawmfrsm;rsm;v$wfxkwfay;vd kuf7_y Dr d k h

tawmfarmaeonf?

101

armi farmi fonfa~ G ;Ouke f ;7ufaeaom_r<ri f ;ud ktomqG Jz<f _y D ;

yufvufvSeftdyfvd kufonf?

Ø a[h- -csmwdwfr awmfawmhuGm- -t7rf;a[mhraeeJ h?

igc^em;csifao;w<f? _yD;awmhrif;tvSnf hayg h- - - ×

xd ko d k h a _ym _y D ;armi farmi fonf _r<ri f ;u d ktomqG J< lv d ku fonf?

_r<rif;onfarmifarmifqG J<l7mod k htvd kufoif hyifygoGm;onf?

xd kaemufarmi farmi fonf _r<ri f ;u d kE S Kw fcr f ;c si f ;uy fump ky fer f ;

onf? _r<rif;uyg;pyfudktvdkufoifh[ay;vdkuf7m armifarmif>@Smu

wdk;0ifvmv#uf_r<rif;u @SmESi f h@ Smcsif;uvdonf?

_ r<ri f ;on f a r m i f a r m i f hu d k c y fwi f ;wi f ; zu fon f ?

o l r> c È e f au m h a e ao m E d k h o D ; av ; r s m ;u a r m i f a r m i f >

7ifbwfom;ud kp l;0ifxdrdonf?

_r<rif;>em;xJwGifnnf;!La7@GwfoHrsm;cyfoJ hoJ hjum;7onf?

102

yx r aw m h b m o H a w G r S e f ; r o d ? a e m u f r S r m v mw i f >

tys d K7nfud k7e fy d ki fp d k ;u 7<lvd k ;ae7mr Say:vmaom7cd ki frav;>

nnf;wGm;oHrsm;_zpfonfud k _r<rif;7dy fr donf?

rmvmwif>atmfoHwGifemjuifrSKrsm;a7maeonf? 7efyd kifpd k;u

cyfjurf;jur;fqufqHaeyHk7onf? _r<rif;onfrmvmwifudkoem;ovdk

vd k _zpfrdonf?

armi farmi f>vufr sm ;u_r<ri f ;>7i fom;z l ;z l ; i H k i H k av;r sm ;u d k

tkyfud ki fvmonf? cyfwif;wif;qkyfe<f_yD;Ed k hoD;rsm;ud k vdrfqG Jonf?

_r<rif;rSmzde f;ueJ@S de f ;ueJ_zpfaeonf?

_ r<ri f ;on farmi f armi f>ab;em ;w G i ftomyi fv S JIaeon f ?

armifarmifhaygifjum;rStdkif7if;udkvdk;_yD;umpvD;juD;u t7nfawGpdkv#uf

aysmhacGaeonf?

armifarmifu_r<rif;udktomzuf<lvdkufonf? _r<rif;onf

103

armifarmif>udk<fay:7ifcsif;tyfv#ufom;a7mufoGm;onf? armifarmif

>vufrsm;u_r<rif;>ausm_yifwav#muftomyGwfoyfvmonf?

_r<rif;>vHk;uspfaeaomwifyg;ud kqkyfud ki fy Gwfoyfonf?

Ø rif;7Jhzifuwif;_yD;tdaewmyJ? rif;vdkaumifri<fi<fav;awG

7J h zifvH k ;vH k ;uspfuspfav;awGud kigodyfud ki fy Gwfcsifwm? b<fvd kvJ

igzifyGwfay;wmudk rif;vnf;oabmusw<fr[kwfvm; ×

armifarmifuzifud ki fjunfh7if;a_ymonf?

yóryd kif;ar#mfyg?

1

Þ q,fausm foufuav;rsm;(5) ß

Þ ri f ;7 J h zi fu wi f ; _y D ;t d aewmy J ? ri f ;v d k aumi frav;

i<fi<fav;awG7 J h zi fv H k ;v H k ;usp fusp fav;awGud k i go dy fu d ki fc si f

yGwfcsifwm? b<fvd kvJ igzifyGwfay;wmudk rif;vnf;oabmusw<f

r[kwfvm; ß

armifarmifu _r<rif;>zifud kud ki fjunfh7if;a_ymonf?

Þ orD;- -[dk- -[dk- - ß

_r<rif;>pdwfawGt7rf;ud kvSKy f@ Sm;aeonf? _yefa_ym7efpum;

ud kyi f pO f ;pm ;vd k h r7? armi farmi fuawm h touf(14)E Sp ft@ G<f

aumifrav;>vH k ;uspfwif;7if;aomzifom;rsm;ud k Zdr f<lumud ki fwG<f

yGwfoyfIaeonf?

wifyg;qH kud kvuf_zif hy Gwfoyfud ki fwG<f@k Homru tqef;vnf;

xGi fum t7om<lavao;onf? yxrqH k ;aumifrav;>apmuf7nf

junfawGp d kp Gwfaeaomapmufacgi f ;xJod k h vuf!S d K ;ud ktomxd k ;xnf h

onf? vuf!S d K ;wGifapmuf7nfjunfcÈ Jus dus dawGayusHp Gwfpd kuke fatmif

_y Konf? onfaemufawm h apmuf7nfjunfawGp d k@ $ J ayus Haeaom

vuf!S d K ;u d k aumi frav;>zi ftuG Jajumi f ;wp fav#mufy Gw fqG Jvm

2

onf? vuf!S d K ;xdyfu zif0wnfhwnfhod k ha7mufaomtcg tom7yf

onf?

_yD;awmh _r<rif;>plwlwlptd k0av;ud k vuf!S d K ;vufrxdyf_zif h

tomzday;vd kuf yGwfay;vd kufESif huvdaeonf?

td k- -_r<rif;qd kwJ haumifrav;rSmawmh 7ifwzd kz d k | tonf;

wat;at;_zpfae7awmhwmygyJ? wpfud k<fvH k ;vnf;qwfueJud kwkefoGm;

wJhtxd? <m;usdusdeJ hwpfrs d K;_zpfwmrd k h a_czsm;av;awGawmifaumufauGh

vSKy f@ Sm;oGm;7w<f?

Þ ri f ;oabmusaew<fqd kwm igodygw<faumifrav;7m?

ri f ;vd ki<fi<f@ G<f@ G<fe J h aoG;om;ql_z d K ; _y D ;p dwfxaewJ haumifrav;

awGud k 'Dvd krs d K ;ud ki fay;7r<fqd kwmigodygw<f- - ß

armifarmifuqufa_ymaeonf? ol>avoHrsm;u wu<fhud k

y d ki fE d li faeonfhavoH? yd ki fp d k ;y d ki feif;@S dvSonfhta_ymtqdk?

_r<rif ;r Smawmh armi farmi f7 J hpum;awGud kem;axmifae7wm

ud ku wpfrs d K ;7rufjuGp7m_zpfaew<f? tif;- -rde f ;rawG7J hobm0

pdwfuvnf; tqef;om;uvm;? juifjuifememeJ htvd kvd kuf<k<wm

3

udk om<mwwfovdk| olwdk htay:yd ki fpd k ;yd ki feif;tEd li f<lwmudk oabmus

wwfjuw<fav?

Þ igvky for#tm;vH k ;ud k rif;ody foabmus_y D ;p G JrufuÈrf ;usi f

oGm;atmif igoif_yay;rSmayg haumifrav;7m? at; igvd k;vd k hr_yD;cifrSm

ud k rif;[mirf;irf;wuf_zpf_yD; t7rf;juG@Gvmap7r<f? r<Hk7ifapmif h

omjunfh ß

'Dvd ka_ym7if;armifarmifonf _r<rif;>zif0ud kawhyGwfaeonfh

vuf!S d K;ud k tm;pd kufumzdxd k;vd kufonf? _r<rif;>ptdkrSmarmifarmif>

vuf!S d K ;xdyf _zif huvdqGay;rS kajumif h <m;us dus dE Si f hqlyGy G _zpfaeay7m

zdxd k ;vd kufonfhvuf!S d K ;xdyfyd ki f ;vufwpfqpfomomcef h usOf;juyfonfh

zifacgif;aygufxJ_rKyf0ifoGm;onf?

Þ td k- -[if h- -OD;armif- - ß

zifaygufxJvuf!S d K;xdyf0ifvmaomtcg aumifrav;>yg;pyfrS

a7@GwfoHav;ESif htouf@SLrSm;oGm;oHuav;rsm;ay:vmonf?

armifarmifu zifacgif;aygufxJwd k ;0ifoGm;avaomvuf!S d K ;ud k

t_idr frxm;? vSnf hywfuvdonf? oGif;cs Dxkwfcs Dvkyfay;onf?

4

armifarmif>zif0ud kxd k ;uvdaerSKonf _r<rif;ud k"gwfvd kufovdk_zpfap

onf?

tuvdcHae7aomzif0rSaeI wpfud k<fvH k;od k hxl;_cm;onfh7ruf

vd S Ki f;rsm;_yef hE S H hoGm;onf? ajumufvef hp d k ;7 dr fr S KE Si f htwl @S de f ;@ S de f ; _r_rcHpm;

7avaomemovdkvd kE Si f haumif;vSonfhumrt7omyg?

armifarmifucsmwdwfrav;ud k cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ym_yefonf?

Þ rif;odyftvdk;c Hcsi faew<fqd kwmud k igodygw<fcsmwdwfr7m?

'gayr<fhrif;awG hwJ htwd ki f;y J ig hvD;uaysmhusaew<fav? vD;awmifrS

vd k ;E d li fr SmuG? ' Dawmhig hvD ;ud kenf;enf;avmufp ky fay;aqmhay;ygvm;?

'Dvd kpkyfay;vd kuf7if ig hvD;[mcsufcsif;rwfawmifvmrSmyg? rif;vd kcsmwdwf

ri<fi<fav;awGpkyfay;7if ig hvD;rwfawmifwmcsnf;yJ? wu<fa_ym

wm- -uJ- -uJ- -pkyfay;vd kuf- -[kwfvm; ß

armifarmifonf yg;pyfuvnf;a_ym|vufuvnf;vS Ky f@ Sm;um

_r<rif;>ykcke f;rsm;ud k oefrmaomvufrsm;_zif hcyfwif;wif;qkyfuk di fum

tomwGef;csonf?

_r<rif ;>ud k<fav;r Sm armi farmi f>ud k<fatmufy d ki f ;qDod k h

5

av#musonf? armi farmi f>aygi fc G jum;r Scy faysm haysm hvD ;wefjuD;uk d

_r<rif;xdawGhrdonf?

O D ;armi fuig hud k ol h[mjuD;p ky fay;c d ki f ;awmhrvd k hy gvm;?

TtawG;u_r<rif;>7rufpdwfud k [kef;ueJawmufavmifvm

aponf?

ol h[mju D ;u d k i g h y g ; py fx Jxnf h _ y D ;tm ;7y g ;7p ky f ay ;apc si f

a e w m y g v m ; ? _ y D ; a w m h ' D v d k p k y f a y ; 7 w mu d k vn f ;

i g htaee J ho dy foabmus7r<fvd k hvnf; oltyd ki fwGufxm;y H ky J- -

ig- -ig- -tJ'gjuD;ud kpkyfay;7wmudkwu<fyJoabmusrSmwJhvm;-

-

_r<ri f ;>E ki<faomO D ;aE SmufxJwGi f tawG;aygi f ;p H kw d k h _zi f h

@ S Ky faxG;aeayonf?

armifarmif>vdkvm;csufrSm @G H@ SmzG<faumif;onfht_yKtrlwpfck

[kvnf;_r<rif;awG;junfh@ Smao;onf?

ud katmifxl;>tEl di ftxufapcd ki f;rS Kt7 vD;pkyfay;cJ h7avaom

6

q7mra':xm;7i f>toGi ft_yi fonf _r<ri f ;>p dw ftm@ k Hx Jw Gi f

_zwfueJay:vmonf? _r<rif;c_rmvD;pky fay;7rSmud kajumufvmonf?

@G H@ Smvmonf?

wpfcs de fwnf;r Smyif olr>Ed k ;jum;wufjuGvmonf h7rufaZm

t[kefuvnf; txl;yif_yif;xefvmonf?

7rufpdwfud kr dr dtae_zif hb<favmufjumjumxdef;xm;Ed li fr SmvJ

7rufpdwfud kcÈe f ;tky fumrxdef ;E d li fy JvGwfxGufoGm;v#if q7mra':xm;

7ifvd kyif vD;juD;ud ktirf;r7ESif htm;yg;w7juD;ud kp ky fay;rdayawmhrnf?

ody ftvGe ftuÈ HawG _zp fruke fr D tcs de fr Dx de f ;o dr f ;r S[ kvnf ;

_r<rif;uawG;rdonf?

armifarmifu| _r<rif;pdwfxJwGif_zpfay:aeonfwd k hud k tuJ

cwfrdyH k7onf? olhvufrsm;u aumifrav;ud kwif;juyfpGmcsKyfud ki fum

wGef;csae7m aemufqH k;wGifawmh_r<rif;c_rm armifarmif>aygifjum;rS

vD;wefjuD;ud krsufESmtyf7ufom; arSmuf7ufruswustaetxm;rs d K;_zif h

arG h7may:wGif cyfum;um;uav;_zpfoGm;7avonf?

armi farmi fu _r<rif ;>qHyi f@ Snfrsm;ud k vuf_zi f hud ki f _y D ;

7

tomqGJvd kuf7m _r<rif;>acgif;av;armhwufoGm;avonf?

Þ vdrRmprf;ygaumifrav;7? uJ- -uJ rif;yg;pyfav;[_yD;

@ S mav;x kw fv d ku fpr f ; - - _y D ; awm hi g hv D ;u d k rw fawmi fvmw J htx d

tomav;7ufay; pkyfay;? vD;awmifvmw<fqd kwmeJ h rif;ud kcsay;

r<f ß

armifarmifonf _r<rif;>acgif;rSqHyifrsm;ud kvufwpfbuf_zif h

tomudki fumrxm;_yD; usefvufwpfbuf_zif h aysmhaeaomvD;acsmif;ud k

tomqkyfud ki f<lum aumifrav;>ESKwfcrf;rsm;ud k xduyfyGwfay;onf?

aysm hac GavaeaomvD;wefxdy fy d ki f ;u rdr d>ES Kwfcrf;E Si f hy g ; _yi f

wd k hud k xdawG hy Gwfwd kufrdonfud k _r<rif;cHpm;7onf? _yD;awmhpdwfxJrSm

vnf; t7rf;ud kvSKyf@ Sm;aeav7m yg;pyfav;ud k[um vD;wefjuD;ud k

7ufay;pkyfay;vd kp dwfawG wzGm;zGm;ay:aygufvmonf?

r dr duTod k hvky fay;vd kufv#i f aysm husaeavaomvD;wefjuD;

awmifrwfumrmajumvmavrnfvm;[kvnf; odvd kp dwfawG_yif; _ypGm

ay:aygufvmonf?

onfaemufawmh _r<rif;>yg;pyfuav;tvdkvd kyif[oGm;onf?

8

b<fvd kub<fvd kr dr dy g ;py f[oGm;onfqd k _ci f ;ud kyi f _r<rif ;rodyg?

[oGm;aomyg;py fxJod k hvD ;wefxdy fz sm;y d ki f ;wd k ;0i fa7muf@ S dvmaomtcg

wGifrS rdrdonfyg;pyf[ay;v#ufvD;udkpkyfay;rdv#ufom;@S dae_yD_zpfajumif;

_r<rif;odavawmhonf?

Þ tdtk- -tGwf- - ß

_r<ri f ;>yg ;py fxJr S ry Dro0d k ;w0g ;toHr sm ;ay:xGufonf?

wu<fawm h a<mi f<r f ;nnf ;!la7@ Gw fr d _ci f ; _zp fonf? od k h aom f

vD;ud kyg;pyfxJiH kxm;7aomajumif h ay:xGufvmonfhtoHrsm;u roJuG J?

_r<rif;onf yg;pyfxJ0ifvmavaom armifarmif>cyfaysm h

aysm hvdifwefud k @Smav;_zif htomvSnf hywfum7ufay;onf? vdifwef

wGifayusHaeavaomokwf7nfrsm;ESi f h td ki f7if;>apmuf7nfjunfawGud k

yg _r<rif;@SmESi f h7ufrdonf?

Þ tm;yg;yg;- -[kwf_yD- -'Dvd kr Sayg huG? tJ'Dvd krs d K ;vkyf7w<f?

yg;pyfuvnf;pky f- -@Smav;eJ hvnf;7uf- -'g[mvD;awmifvmatmif

vkyfay;Ed li fwJ htxda7mufqH k;enf;vrf;yJ- -rjumcifig hvD;juD;rwfawmif

vmygvdrf hr<f? apmif homjunfh ß

9

armi farmi f>ausey fp G ma7@ Gw fa _ymqd kv d ku fo Hay:x Gu fvm

onf? xd kavoHwGi f y d ki fp d k ;r S Koabmrsm;vnf;t_ynf hy g0i faeonf?

_r<rif;ud kolpdwfwd ki f ;usapcd ki f ;E d li fonf[k armifarmift_ywf<H kjunf

oGm;ay_yD?

armifarmifu <ckvd ky d ki fp d k ;y d ki fei f ;E Si f h npfnpfnrf;nrf;a_ym

qd kaeyH kud k _r<rif;odyfrjudKufyg? _yDawmh _r<rif;>todpdwfuvnf;

onfvd kvD;pky fay;ae7onfhtvkyfrs d K ;ud k rvkyfvd k@ k d ;trSe fyg?

od k h7mwGif- - -?

<cktcgY_r<rif;rSm todpdwfyifr@S dawmhoavmuf_zpfaeonf?

qif_cifpOf ;pm;E d li fonf hp dwfuvnf; enf;enf;av;r#omusef@ S daeonf?

_yi f ; _ yaomtom7ru faZmt[ke fom _r<ri f ;>wp fu d k< fv H k ;u d k

tiftm;juD;rm;pGmv$rf;_cH KIxm;onf?

xd kajumif htenf;i<fr#omuse f@ S daeao;onf hqif_ci fwwfonf h

p dw fu b<fvd kr Sv d kvm; _ci f ;r@ S d y gy JE Si f h _r<ri f ;>yg ;py fuawm h

ao G ;om;qE N>vS H K h aqm fr S K _zi f h v D ;we f ju D ;u d k cy fwi f ;wi f ;i H k c Jum

yg;av;rsm;yde foGm;atmifyif tm;7yg;7pkyf<lay;vd kufavonf?

1 0

xdkod k hp ky fay;vd kufcs de fwGif yg;pyfxJ@S dvD;onf aig hueJwpfcsuf

_zp fovd k armifarmif>ud k<fonfvnf; qwfueJwGe f hc goGm;onfud k

_r<rif;odvd kuf7onf?

Þ tm;vm;vm; w<faumi f ;y gvm ;c s mw dw fr7? ri f ;u

ody f jumjum_yay;p7mrvd ky J c su fc si f ;v D ;p ky fwwfoGm ;y ga7mvm;?

ig hvD;ud kaumif;aumif;pkyfay;ayawmh- - ß

Tod k ha _ym7i f ; armi farmi fonf_r<rif ;>acgi f ;ud katmufod k h

z dcsum aumifrav;ud kol hvD;tukefvH k ;yg;pyfxJ0ifoGm;atmif twif;

tjuyfyif_yKvkyfvd kufonf?

yg;py f[umvD;xdy fy d ki f ;ud kp ky fay;aeonf_zp f7m acgi f ;ud kqG Jc s

vd kufaomtcg [aeaomyg;py fxJod k hvd ;wpfacsmi f ;vH k ;yi f0i foGm;av

awmhonf? armifarmif>vD;rSm t_ynfht0rwfawmifae_cif;r@S dao;yg?

cy faysm haysm h@ S daeonf hvD;acsmi f ;juD;uyif rdr d>yg;py fxJwGi f

t_ynf htody f _zp faeonfud k _r<ri f ;aw G h@ S d 7onf? y g ;py fx Jw Gi f

vD;t_ynfhodyfovdk_zpfae7m _r<rif;rSmtoufud kyif tawmfjudK;pm;

@SLae7onf?

1 1

od k h aom f _r<ri f ;onf vD ;u d k _ye fx Gu fatmi fawm hrv ky fy g ?

toufud kwwfE d li for# jud K ;pm ;@ S L7i f ; yg ;py fx Ja7mufaeaomvD ;ud k

y g ;py f _zi f hp ky fonf? @ Smav;_zi f h7ufay;onf? yg;py fxJ@ S dvD ;wefjuD ;

rmajumum awmifwufvmonfud kod@ S d7avaomtcg _r<rif ;>

avmi f _r d Ku fp7rufr D ;v# Hr Sm wpf[ke fx d k ;yi fwd k ;wuf _yi f ;xe fvmav

awmhonf?

armifarmifonf _r<rif;>qHyifrsm;ud kcyfwif;wif;qkyfud ki fum

acgif;ud ktomqGJrvd kuf_yefonf? _r<rif;>acgif;av;juGwufoGm;ovdk

awmifrwfvmaomvD;wefjuD;vnf; wpf0ufausm fausm fce f hy g ;pyfxJr S

_yefxGufvmonf?

_y D ;awmharmifarmifonf_r<rif;>acgi f ;ud ktomatmuf_yefz dcs

onf? vD;uyg;pyfxJ_yef0ifonf? _r<rif;onf armifarmif>cyfjurf;

jurf;tEd li ftxuf_yKaerS Kud k vd kvm;p Gmyifc H<l7if ; vD;juD;ud kvnf;

tirf;r7yif cyfjurf;jurf;pkyfay;| 7ufay;onf? vD;wefjuD;uvnf;

w_znf; _znf;rmajumrwfawmifvmonf? xd kod k hv D ;wefjuD ;wpfc suf

yd krmum wpfcsufyd kawmifvmrS Kuyif _r<rif;tzd k hatmify G Jwpfrs d K ;vd k

_zpfaeonf?

1 2

_r<rif;onf vD;wefjuD;awmifrwfvmap7ef judK;judK;pm;pm;

yifpky fIay;aerdonf?

onfvd ktirf;r7ESi f hvS Ky f@ Sm; _yKr lae7if ;u rdr donf<ckvky fae

7aomtvkyfud k tvGefyifvd kvm;ESp foufoabmusaerd _y D _zpfajumif;

_r<rif;odvm7onf?

yg;pyfxJod k hvD;wefjuD;wd k ;0if_yefxGuf_zpfae7rSK | vD;acsmif;juD;

ud kp ky fay;7ufay;ae7rSK | vD;wpfacsmif;vH k ;yg;pyfxJod k h0ifoGm;avatmif

acgif;ud katmufod k hi H k hcsvd kufcs de frsm;wGif vdrfaumufaumufvD;ar$;rsm;_zif h

xdawG hae7rS kud k tm;vH k;ESp foufoabmuswmygyJ?

_yD;awmh olr>acgif;rSqHyifrsm;ud k armifarmifucyfwif;wif;

qky fud ki fum cyfjurf;jurf; _yKvky faerS Kud kvnf; oabmusaerdao;

onf?

armifarmifuawmh w[if;[if;wtD;tD;_zpfIaeonf? rdrd>

vD;p ky fay;r S Kud karmi farmi fwpfa<muftvGe fud koabmus_y D ;Z dr fawG hae

ajumif; _r<rif;aumif;aumif;odonf?

Þ vDxdyfyd ki f;ud kcyfememav;pkyfay;prf;? tm;xkwf_yD;- -@Smav;

1 3

eJ hvnf;7uftkef; tm;yg;yg; aumif;vd kufwm- - ß

armi f armi fon fo lv d k c s i fon f hv D ;p k y f ay ;r S K y H k p H r s d K ;u d kvn f ;

a_ym_yvrf ;!$e fay;avao;onf? 7rufr D ;avmi f _r d Ku fae_y D _zp faom

_r<rif ;c_rmr Smvnf; armi farmi fa_ymonf htwd ki f ; wpfoa0rwdr f ;

vd kufemum vD;pkyfay;aerdonf?

_r<rif;onf armifarmiftm;Zdrfusap7eftwwfEd li fqH k ;vkyfay;

aeonf? vD;pky fay;aeonfud karmifarmifut7omawGhovd k _r<rif;

tae_zif hvnf; vD;pkyfay;7onfud kp G Jrufum tvGefoabmusIaeonf?

vD;wpfacsmif;vH k ;yg;pyfxJod k hwd k ;0ifvmaomtcg <ckrwfawmif

aeav_yD _zpfaomvD;wefjuD;>xdyfy d ki f ;'p f _y JvefjuD;u tmacgi fud kxd

rdaxmufrdaeonf? _r<rif;tzd k h rmefxawmifrwfaeaomvD;wefjuD;

ud ky d ki fE d li fatmifp ky fray;Ed li fawmhyg? ud katmifxl;>vD;jud;ud k q7mr

a':xm;7ifpky fay;cJ hpOfu bmajumif hwtdtdwtktk_zif htouf@SLrSm;oH

awGay:xGuf7onfqd k _cif;ud k _r<rif;<ckrSyifud k<fawG hodum pmem

rdonf?

armifarmif>vD;onf udkatmifxl;ud krrDaomfvnf; 7efyd ki fp d k ;

xufawmhy d k juD;onf? t@Snfu(10)vufravmuf? vD;tvH k ;ywfu

1 4

awmh wpfvufrcG Javmufwkwfonf?

rme fxumrwfawmifaeav_y D _zp faomvD;juD ;r Sm _r<rif ;>

yg;pyfE Si f hyifrqef hcsi fawmh? rwfawmifrmajumaeaomvD;ud kp ky f7onf

rSm cyfaysmhaysmhvD;ud kp ky f7onfxuf yd kaumif;aomajumif h _r<rif;

uvnf;t7rf;ud kz Dvifwufaeonf? w_yGwf_yGwfwysyfysyf_rnfatmifyif

p ky fay;aerdonf?

Þ awmfavmuf_yD csmwdwfr7 ß

_r<rif;>em;em;od k huyfum armifarmifucyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymonf?

a_ym7if;_r<rif;>qHyifav;rsm;ud ktomqkyfud ki fqG Jronf?

_r<ri f ;onf acwWawm hawmi f hc Haeonf? acgi f ;u d krjuG ?

vD;pky f7wmud kvnf;tvGefrufarmae7m yg;pyfxJuvD;acsmif;juD;xGuf

oGm;rSmud kp d k ;onf?

od k haomfarmifarmifu qHyifud kcyfwif;wif;qG Jvd kuf_yD;- - -

Þ awmfavmuf_y Dvd k hi ga_ymaewmrjum;bl;vm;? bmajumif h

quf _y D ;p ky fae7wmvJ? ' Dvd kqufp ky fay;ae7i f ei f hy g ;py fx Jr Smwi f

1 5

ig hv7nfawGyef;xGufukefvdrf hr<f? ig hueif htzkwfud kvd k;7if; apmufacgif;

xJrSmyJ v7nfawGxnfhay;csifwm- -uJ- -awmfawmh ß

armifarmifu avoHrmrm_zif ha_ym7if; \r<rif;>acgif;ud k

qwfue JqG Jr<lvd ku fonf? qHyi fud ktwif ;qG Jumr<laomajumi f h

_r<rif;rSmawmif hc HraeEd li fawmhyJ acgif;av;armhwufoGm;onf? olru

qufpkyfay;csifao;aomfvnf; vD;wefjuD;uawmhyg;pyfxJrSuÈwfxGuf

oGm;cJ hav_yD?

vD;ud ktm;7yg;7pky fay;aeqJwGif yg;pyfxJrSuÈwfxGufoGm;_cif;

_zpf7m Ø_yGwf× ueJtoH_rnfonf? _r<rif;uvD;wefjuD;ud kjunfhvd kuf

rdonf?

vD;juD;onfoHacsmi f ;wr#yifrmawmifum rwfrwfjuD; _zp fae

onf? vD ;'p f _y Jve f ju D ;ue De D7 J7 J ? vD ;we fv H k ;yw fwav#mufw Gi f

tajumrsm;u_yd Ki f ; _y d Ki f ;xv#uf? xd k h _yifvD;wefwpfacsmif;vH k ;r Smvnf;

wHawG;awGp d k@ $ Jvufa_ymifaeonf? vD;wGi fayus Huma_ymifvufaeap

onfrSm rdr d>wHawG;rsm;_zpfonfqd kaomtodonf _r<rif;>7ruf

aZmxH kr $e f;aeaomaoG;om;wd k hud k auseyftm;7oGm;aponf?

Þ uJ- -vm- -x ightay:wufcG ß

1 6

armifarmi fonfyg;py fua_ym7if ; _r<rif;ud koefrmaomvuf

rsm;_zif h cyfjurf;jurf;yifqG Jxlyif h<lonf? _r<rif;vnf;armifarmif

qG Jac:xl7maemufod k htvd kufoif hyifygoGm;onf?

Todk h _zif h _r<rif;onf armifarmif>qD;pyfay:cGxd ki fv#ufom;

_zpfoGm;onf?

armifarmifonfatmufwGifyufvufpif;pif;tdyfae7mrS olhuk d<f

ay:wufc Gxm;avaomaumi frav;ud k at;pufaomt_y H K ; _zi f h _y H K ;I

junfhonf? _yHK;vd kuf_cif;_zpfaomfvnf;ajumufp7maumif;aomt_yHK;?

x d k r # ru armi f armi fon fvu fE S p fbu fu d kqe f hx kw fum

_r<rif;>ql_z d K ;p7ifom;zl ;av;rsm;xdy fr S pljuGaeavonfhE d k hoD;acgi f ;

av;rsm;ud k qG Jqdwfvd kufonf?

_r<rif;wpfud k<fvH k;z de f;@ S de f ;oGm;onf? wu<fhud kqef;_ym;onfh

tawG hxl ;y gy J ? E l ;nH hvSwJ hE d k ho D ;acgi f ;av;awGud kqG Jqdwfvd kufwmu

emvSonf? wpfcs de fwnf;rSmyif xd kemjuifrS kt_yif wpfud k<fvH k ;wkef

o Gm ;apaomt7omxl ;wp fr s d K ;u d kvnf ; c Hpm ;7onf? emwmud kyi f

pG Jrufarmrdovdkvd k _zpfonf? xd kc Hpm;rS Kt7omxl;ajumif h _r<rif;onf

1 7

qHyif@Snf@Snfav;rsm;a0h0JoGm;atmifyif acgif;ud k<rf;cgvd kufrdonf?

wifyg ;qH kvH k ;vH k ;usp fusp fav;rsm;ud kvnf; vSKy f<rf;vd kuf7m

zifckxd ki fxm;avaomvD;wefjuD;ud k zifom;wif;wif;7if;7if;tdtdpufpu

rsm;u zdwd kufyGwfay;ovdkrs d K ;vnf;_zpfoGm;onf?

Þ ri f ;vnf ;t7r f ;a[m h _y D ; z Dvi fawGwufae_y Dr[kwfvm;

aumifrav; ß

armifarmifurcs d KrcsO f _y H K ;uma_ym7if; _r<rif;>tzkwfxJod k h

qwfueJvuf!S d K ;ud kxd k ;xnfhvd kufonf? _r<rif;wpfud k<fvH k ;wkefoGm;

_yefonf? yg;pyfrSvnf; Øtd k- -[if h OD;armif7<f× [ka7@Gwfrdonf?

wke fwcd kufc d kufE Si f h7ifz d karm[k dufoGm;7m armifarmif>ud k<fay:wufcG

xm;7mrS <drf;<d ki fvJrusoGm;avatmifrenf;yifjudK;pm;um [efcsuf

ud kxdef;ae7onf?

apmufacgif;xJwGif apmuf7nfjunfrsm;pd kae7m xdk;xnfhvd kuf

aomvuf!S d k ;uav#mueJ0ifoGm;_yD_zpfaomfvnf; wif;wif;juyfjuyfESif h

p D ;p D ;y d ki fy d ki f _zp faeajumif;ud kc Hpm;od@ S d7aomajumif h armifarmifvnf;

tawmfoabmusoGm;onf?

1 8

onfaumifrav;udk 7efyd kifpd k ;uwpfcs DawmhwG<f_yD;_yD_zpfajumif;

ud karmi farmi fodxm;_y D ; _zp fonf? 'gajumif hapmufacgi f ;aygufxJwGi f

tys d KarS;@S daernfvd k hawmh armifarmifar#m fvif hrxm;awmhyg? apmufacgif;

aygufuav;wif;wif;juyfjuyfpD;pD;yd ki fy d ki f@ S daev#if_yD;wmygyJ? <ckawmh

rdrdrSef;xm;onfxufyif apmufacgif;aygufav;uusOf;juyfaeaomajumifh

armifarmifodyfud kauseyfoGm;onf?

_yD;awmh_r<rif;qd konfhaumifrav;onf toufi<fao;aomf

vnf; 7m~juG<f_yD;7rufxefvSajumif;ud k armifarmiftuJcwfrdonf?

onfvd k^Smxe fonf hc smwdwfrr s d K ;v d k ;7wm oljur f ;ud k< f jur f ; _zi f h

odyfud kt7omawGhE d li fonfr[kwfygvm;?

Þ iguapmufacgi f ;usO f ;usO f ;e J hp D ;p D ;y d ki fy d ki fav;awGud kr Svd k ;c si f

wm? ei f h apmu fz kw fuawm hi g htju d Ku fapmu fac gi f ;u sO f ;uav;y J ?

_yD;awmheifuvD;ud kodyfwrf;wae_yDr[kwfvm;? a_ymprf;ygcsmwdwfr7J h?

ei f h7 J hapmufacgi f ;usO f ;usO f ;av;xJud k ih gvD;wefwkwfwkwfjuD;xd k ;oGi f ;

_yD;vd k ;wmudk eifodyfcHcsifae_yDr[kwfvm; ß

armifarmifonf_r<rif;ud k npfnrf;7ufa7mpGma_ymqd kaeonf?

onfvd kta_ymtqd krs d K ;ud k vGe fc J honf hoH k ;av;7ufavmufursm;jum;7

v#if _r<rif;onftjuD;tus<fpdwfqd k ;r dr SmtrSef?

1 9

<ckawmhonfvd kwp fwpfc Gc Ga _ymqd kr S Kud kem;axmi f7wmuyif

_r<rif ;tzd k ht7omwpfrs d K ; _zp faeonf? _r<rif ;onf@ Suf@ G H ha' go_zp f

7rnfhtpm; auseyfoabmuspGmyif olr>wifyg;qH kav;ud kvSKyf<rf;_yD;

v D ;E Si f h zi fom;juD ;x dawG hy Gw fw d ku fr datmi fv ky faeonf? ' gwi fru

apmufacgif;aygufxJxd k;xnfhxm;onfhvuf!S d K ;ud k yd k0ifvmatmifvnf;

a@S hod k haumhaumhay;aeonf?

acgif;ud kvnf;qwfueJndwf_yvd kufavao;onf?

Þ [kwf_yD- -eifuacgif;ndwf_yrSawmh igwd k hE Sp fa<mufvd k;ju

@k Hy J@ S dawmhwmayg h [kwfvm; ß

armi farmi fuTod k ha _ym_y D ; _r<rif ;>cs d Ki f ;E Sp fbufjum;od k h

vufacsmi f ;r sm;xd k ;oGi f ;qky fud ki fum tomtay:od k ha Õrmufwifvk duf

onf?

_r<rif;>udk<ftvdkufoif hyif tay:od k hjuGwufonf?

armifarmifbmudkvd kcsifaerSef; _r<rif;>aoG;om;rsm;u tvdkvd k

yifodonf? xdkajumif h _r<rif;onf zifqH kav;yifcyfaumhaumhav;_yK

2 0

ay;vdkufonf? olr>apmufzkwfuawmh rwfawmifaeavaomvD;acsmif;

juD;>tay:wnfhwnfhr Sm?

Þ ig hvD;juD;ud kud ki f _y D; eif hapmufzkwft0wnfhwnfhr Sm awhay;

vd kufprf;? eif hud kigtomqGJaÕrmufay;xm;r<f ß

armifarmi fua_ymqd kapcd ki f ;onf? onfvd k _yKr lvky faqmifay;

7_ci f ;onf _r<rif ;tzd k h<ckr SawG h juH Kz l ;onf htawG htjuH Kqef ;wpfc k

_zpfonf? od k haomf_r<rif;onf wpfpufuav;yif_iif;qef7efpdwfrul;?

armi farmi fapc d ki f ;onf htwd ki f ; rqd ki f ;rwGyi fvky faqmifay;avawmh

onf?

_r<rif;onf ol>zifatmufod k htomvufv#d Kum rwfrwfjuD;

awmifaeavonf hvD;acsmi f ;juD;ud k oG<faysmi f ;onf hvufacsmi f ;av;

rsm;_zif h tomqkyfud ki fonf? wHawG;awGpd k@ $ JaeonfhtwGuf vD;wef

juD;uacsmifa_ymifIaeonf?

v D ;u d ku d k i fr d _y D ;aemuf y laE G ;v H k ;ac smaom'p fx dy fz l ; ju D ;u d k

apmufzkwft0wGiftomawhuyfay;vd kufonf?

2 1

Þ eif hapmufzkwf0rSm vD;juD;awhrd_yDvm; ß

armifarmifuar;vd kuf_yefonf? wu<fawmhol>vD;xdyfzsm;

E Si f hapmuf7nfjunfrsm;p d kaeaomtzkwf0xdawG hr donf h aEG ;axG;aom

txdtawGhud k armifarmifcHpm;ae7_yD_zpfonf? wrifyifcsmwdwfrav;

ud k pdwfyd kjuGvmatmif onfar;cGe f;rs d K ;ar;vd kuf_cif;_zpfonf?

armifarmif>7nf@G<fcsuf_ynf h0onf[kqd k7ayrnf? tzkwf0

wGi fv D ;awhr donf ht_yi f onfvd ktar;r s d K ;vnf ;ar;c H7avaomtcg

_r<rif;r Sm umr7rufpdwfawGwd k ;vd k h _yi f ;xefvmonf? wufjuGvm

onf?

_r<ri f ;c _rmy g ;py fr Syi f[I_ye fra_zE d li f ? acgi f ;av;ud kom

ndwf_yvd kufonf? xdkaemufbmawGquf_zpfIrnfod k haomcHpm;rS Krs d K ;

awG h7vdrf hrnfenf;[k toufyifr@SL7 Jy J 7ifwzd kz d kE Si f hapmif hvif hae

avonf?

Þ ' Dae hawm ho dy fu d kt7omawG hr< f h ae hy J ? i g htaee J h ei f hv d k

i<fi<f@G<f@G<faumifrav;7J hapmufacgi f ;usOfusOf;av;rs d K ;ud k rvd k ;7

wmjumvS_yD? eif hud kaumif;aumif;t7omawGhatmifud kvd k ;ay;r<f?

2 2

'DaehnigeJ hvd k ;7wmudk eifwpfoufvH k;arhr7Ed li fy Jp G Jaeap7r<f ß

armi farmi fu _r<rif ;>rsufE Smav;ud kaoaocsmcsmp l ;p d ku f

junf h _y D ;a_ymonf? pum;qH k ;onfE Si f hqG Jyi f ha Õrmufxm;aomvufud k

v$wfypfvd kufonf?

vufv$wfvd kufonfE Si f h _r<rif;>ud k<fav;onfatmufod k h

tdueJusonf? apmufzkwft0wGif ususeeawhaxmufxm;rdavaom

vD ;ac smi f ; ju D ;uvnf ; apmufac gi f ;x Jo d k hw@ S d e fw d k ;yi f0i fvmonf?

ausmu fc Jwp fv H k ; _y Kw fusovd kr s d K ;tay:r Su svmonf hwi fy g ; ju D ;u

armifarmif haygi f7if ;ud ktdueJxdr doGm;cs de fwGi f (10)vufrausm f@ Snf_y D ;

wpfvufrcG Jcef hwkwfonfhvD;acsmif;juD;wpfacsmif;vH k ;r Smvnf; _r<rif;

>usOf;juyfaomapmufacgif;av;xJod k h 7uf7ufpufpufjuD;ud kxd k ;azguf

0ifa7mufoGm;cJ hav_yD?

v D ; 0i fon f h '^ futawm f _ yi f ;on f ? emvnf ; emv Son f ?

_y D ;awm hayvGe fatmi f ju D ;rm ;@ Sn fvsm ;aomvD ; ju D ;w d k ;0i fvmonfr d k h

apmufacgif;xJwGifwif;juyfwpfqd k hIaeonf?

Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- -emvd kufwmOD;armif7<f ß

2 3

_r<rif;>nnf;wGm;oHav;rSm cyfoJ hoJ hr#omyg? jum;zd k h7efyif

cufonf? vD;wefjuD;7uf7ufpufpufxd k ;azguf0ifvmonfh'^fajumif h

_ r<ri f ;>ao G ;om ;aw Gtuke f a _ymi f ;qe fatmi fv S K y f @ S m ;u ke fon f ?

atmif hxm;aomtoHonfvnf; yg;pyfrStl;ueJxGufonf? 7ifw'def;' de f;

c ke fonf? acgi f ;xJwGi f7 Da0uke fonf? xd kajumi f hnnf;wGm;vd kufoH

uvnf; us<favmif_cif;r@S dawmh?

Þ tm;yg;yg;- -[if;- - ß

armifarmifuvnf; auseyftm;7pGma7@Gwfonf?

_r<ri f ;>usO f ; juy fvSaomapmufac gi f ;x Jo d k hw d k ;0i faeonf h

ol>vdi fwefjuD;onf El;nH htdaxG;aomapmufz kwftwGi f ;om;E kE kzwf

zwfav;rsm;>xdawG hr S Kud kt_ynf ht0cHpm;ae7onf ht_yif apmufz kwf

E S Kw fcr f ;om;p lp laz gi f ;az gi f ;r sm ;uvnf; vD ;we ft7i f ;y d ki f ;u d kpp fue J

pp fue Jaeatmi f 7p fywfp ky f!Sp faeju7m armi farmi ftz d k hrjuH Kpz l ;

xl;uJvSaomt7omudkwarhwarmyifcHpm;ae7onf?

ESpfa<mufom;c^r#_idrfaeju7onf? vD;ESif hapmufzkwfuawmh

wyf7ufom;? xdkod k hwyfrdaeavaomvD;ESi f hapmufzkwfwd k hr S t_yeftvSef

2 4

umrt7omwd k honf armi farmi fE Si f h _r<ri f ;wd k h>wpfud k< fvH k ;tE S H h

tDpdrf h _yef hxGufonf?

c^tjumwGif _r<rif;onfouf_yif;wpfcsuf@SLum acgif;av;

ud ktomaemufod k harmhvd kufonf? olr>qHyifzg;vsm;rsm;vnf; ao;

usOfaomcg;av;udkausmfum tdpufonfhwifyg;txufyd ki f;ud k tzsm;cwf

xdrdjuonf?

wpuUef htcs de fukefvGefoGm;onfESi f h emjuifrS Kuvnf;odompGm

avsmhyg;onf?

xd kod k hemjuifrS Kavsmhyg;oGm;onfESif htr# apmufacgif;xJtqHk;0if

ae_y D ; apmufaphav;ESi f hz dr daeavaomvD;wefjuD;>t7omu yd kvd k h

r de f;rl;zG<f7maumif;rGe fvmavav_zpfonf?

Þ tm; [if h- -[if h ß

_r<rif;onfa7@Gwfnnf;wGm;7if; atmufbuf@S darmifarmif>

ykcke f;ud k vufacsmif;av;rsm;_zif hvSrf;qkyfud ki fvk dufonf?

2 5

cyfwif ;wif ;juD ;ud kqky fud ki fvd kufonf_zp f7m vufonf;rsm;

onfarmifarmif>ykc ke f ;om;xJod k hp l ;0ifonf? onfvd kp l ;0ifoGm;onfud k

vnf; _r<rif;odonf? od k haomf_r<rif;cHpm;ae7avaomumrt7om

u <pfrl;z G<f7maumif;vGef;vSonfhtwGuf _r<rif;onfcyfwif;wif;

q ky fxm; _ci f ;u d k av#m hay;7e frp Gr f ;omy g ? wd k ;v d k homwi f ; juy fp Gm

qkyfud ki fukwfqG Jr davao;onf?

Todk hy kc ke f ;om;xJod k h vufonf;rsm;pl;epf0ifoGm;atmif ukwf

qG Jr dvd kufcs de fwGif rdrdapmufacgif;xJtjuyftodyfwd k ;0ifvmonfhvD;juD;

aig hueJvSKyfoGm;onfud k _r<rif;wpfa<muf7ifzd koGm;atmif cHpm;od@S d

vd kuf7avonf?

_r<rif;>pdwfxJwGi fvD;wefjuD;ud k t_ynf ht0juD;ud kxdawG h

aeoa<mifa<mifc Hpm;7onf? xd kvD;juD;>tom;wpfr#i f | tajum

wpfc k | taiG htoufav;wpfc kupI rdr dt7omxl;c Hpm;7avatmif

vkyfay;aeavonf[kvnf; xifrdonf?

wu<fawm h _r<ri f ;r S m tys d K pp fav;awm hr[ kw fawm hy g ?

7efyd ki fp d k ;u olr>tysd K7nfud kt7<lum vdk;cJ h _y D;_zpfonf? _r<rif;>

apmufz kwfav;r Sm tar$ ;yi fraygufao;aomfvnf; 7e fy d ki fp d k ;>vD;

2 6

wpfac smi f ;uawm h aumi f ;aumi f ;0i fc J h _y D ; _y D ? vD ;E Si f h p dr f ;aeaom

apmufzkwfav;r[kwfawmhyg?

7efy d ki fp d k ;pyf<SufwmcH7wkef;uvnf; _r<rif;t7rf;ud kaumif;

c J h y gonf? 7e fy d k i fp d k ;onf _r<ri f ;u d ktawm fav;jui f jui fememE Si f h

t_rwfwEd k ;wefzd k ;xm;_yD;vd k ;c J h _cif; _zpfonf?

a[m- -<ck armifarmifqd kwJ hvljuD;uawmh wpfrs d K ;?

armi farmi fonf q7mra':xm;7i fud kt@ Sufuke fatmi f _y K _y D ;

0uf0ufuG Jatmifvd k ;c J holud katmifxl;avmuf jurf;wrf ;@ k di f ;p d ki f ; _ci f ;

r@S daomfvnf; 7efy d ki fp d k ;vd kawmhjuifjuifememr@S d ? _r<rif;ud kvnf;

odyfwefzd k ;rxm;?

ol htwGufvd k;p7maumifrav;wpfa<mufvd kom oabmxm;I

_yKrlqufqHae_cif;_zpfonf?

od k haomf7e fy d ki fp d k ;>vD;xuf armifarmif>vD;ud ktawG hxl;um

yd kIcHvd k haumif;ajumif;ud kawmh _r<rif;0efcHr donf?

2 7

_ y D ; awm h 7e fy d k i f p d k ;>jui f jui f ememt_y Ktr lr s m ; a jumi f h

p dwfxJwGifjunfEl;csr f ;a_rhc J h7ovd k armifarmif>yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fa_ymqd k

apcd ki f ;I cyfrmrmcyfwif;wif; _yKr lqufqHyH kr sm;uvnf; _r<rif;ud k

7ifz d kum 7rufaZmxef_yD;umrt7omawGhaponf?

wu<fawmh armifarmif>pD;p D ;y d k ;y d k ;a_ymqd kr S Krsm;| npfnrf;

aompum;toHk;tES ke f ;rsm;ud k _r<rif;odyfoabmrawGhvSyg? od k haomf

o lr>aoG ;om;awGuawm h armi farmi fv ky for #u d kausey fvufc HI

pG Jrufaewmqef;us<fvSonf? bmwwfEd li fr SmvJav?

_r<rif;onf wifyg;av;ud krodromvSKyfjunfhonf? xdktcg

tzkwfxJtjuyftody fwd k ;0i faeavaomvD;juD;ud kE S J hay;ovd k _zp fonf?

vDacsmi f ; juD ;E Si f hapmufz kwftwGi f ;om;E kE kav;rsm;t_ywfud ky Gwfwd kuf

rdonf?

Þ tm;yg;- -w<faumif; [if;- - ß

armi farmi f>ES kwfcr f ;r Sausey ftm;7p Gma7@ GwfoHay:vmonf?

xd kaemufarmi farmi fonf cyfuke f ;uke f ;uGuGav;_zp faeI aemufod k h

wpfxGufaeavaom_r<rif;>wifyg ;qH kud k vuf0g;juD; _zi f hcy fjurf;

jurf;wpfcsuf@k dufvd kufonf?

2 8

Þ zsef;- - ß

Þ uJ- -eif hzifjuD;ud kaumif;aumif;vSKyfay;prf;csmwdwfr ß

yg;pyfuvnf; a_ymqd kapcd ki f ;_yefonf?

wifyg;om;ay:od k hvuf0g;juD;_zif h cyfjurf;jurf;@k d kufcsvd kuf7rSK

onf _r<rif;>Ed k ; jumm;wufjuGae_y D _zp faom 7rufaZmt[ke fud k

y d kI'D~7D_rif hwufvmatmif vSK H haqmfay;vd kufovdkrs d K ; _zpfonf?

_r<rif;onfcg;av;udkEG J hum wifyg;qH kvH k;uspfuspfuav;rsm;ud k

vSKyf@Sm;ay;zd k htwwfEd lifqH k;judK;pm;onf? odyfrvkyfwwfao;aomajumif h

zi fud k juGvd ku fE S dr f hv d ku fvS Ky f@ Sm ;r S Kr s d K ;awm hr_zp fapao;? zi f juD ;ud k

b<fnma0h0d kufvSKyf@ Sm;ay;ovdkrs d K ;om _zpfaeonf?

'gayr<fhrqd k;vSyg? vD;wefjuD;uapmufzkwftwGif;bufyd ki f ;ud k

xdawG hyGwfwd kufaeovdk apmufaphESi f hvD;weft7if;yd ki f ;uvnf; t_ywf

xdyGwfrdaejuonf?

2 9

Þ zifjuD;ud kjuGvd kufe dr f hvd kufvkyfay;OD;avcsmwdwfr7J h? zd_yD;

awmhcsnf;judwfraeeJ h ß

armi farmi fuxd ko d k h a _ymum _r<ri f ;>zi fom;wp f _cr f ;u d k

vuf0g;juD;_zif hcyf_yif;_yif;@ k dufvd kuf_yefonf? Ed k hoD;acgif;av;wpfbuf

ud kvnf; vSrf;qdwfqG Jonf?

_r<rif;rSm t7rf;ud kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;aeonf? armifarmiftaeESif h

E Sp fcgxyfa_ymp7mrvd kyg? armifarmif>pum;qH k ;onfESi f h _r<rif;onf

zi fjuD ;ud k juGvd kufe dr f hvd kufvky fay;onf? ziftjuGwGi f tzkwfxJr S

vD;uÈwfxGufonf? _r<rif;onf vD;tukefuÈwfxGufoGm;rnfpd k ;aom

ajumif h zifjuD;ud kt7rf;juGrwif7 J? csufcsi f ;yifatmufod k hqwfueJ

_yefzdcsonf? zifjuD;atmufodk hydusaomtcg vD;juD;uvnf;apmufacgif;

aygufxJod k h _yef0ifvmonf?

wu<fawmh <ckvd kr de f ;rutay:uwufvS Ky f@ Sm;aqmif hay;

7onf ha_ymif ; _ye fyif7if ;taetxm;_zif hvd k ;ju7mwGi f rde f ;r_zpfolonf

umrpy f<Sufr S KtawG htjuH K7i f husufum 7rufvnf ;t7r f ;xe fum

^Sm_yif;zd k hvd konf?

_r<rif ;onf ^Sm_yi f ; _y D ;7m~juG<faomrde f ;uav;_zp faomf

3 0

vnf; umrpyf<SufrS KtawGhtjuHKuawmhokn_zpfonf?

xd kajumif htay:rSvSKyf@ Sm;vkyfaqmifay;aerSKuvnf; odyfawmh

pepfruseyg? od k haomf^Sm_yif;_yif;_zif hcyfjurf;jurf;vSKyf@ Sm;ay;aeonfh

twGuf vD;ud kaumif;aumif;judwfay;ovdkrs d K ; _zpfum ESpfa<mufvH k;

umrt7omawGhaejuonf?

tpwGifarmifarmifonf atmufbufrSat;at;oufompGmyif

vJavsmif;Iaeonf? vSKyf@ Sm;rS Krsm;tm;vH k ; _r<rif;uomvkyfaqmif

ae7onf? _r<rif;aqmif hay;onfud k armifarmifuatmufr SZ dr fE Si f h

r S de f ;c Haeonfhoabmyif?

od k haom f _r<rif ;rvky fwwfvky fwwfE Si f h zi f juD ;vS Ky f@ Sm ;um

aqmif hay;aer S Ku t7omawG hvmonf htwGuf armi farmi fr Smvnf;

_i dr fraeEd li fawmh?

vSKyf@Sm;Ivm7av_yD?

armifarmif>vufrsm;u _r<rif;>zifqH kom;vH k ;vH k ;uspfuspf

av;rsm ;ud k cy fwi f ;wi f ;qky fu d ki fvmonf? _y D ;awm hatmufr SaeI

zi fa _ymi f juD ;u d kaum haum hxd k ;wi fay;onf? Tod k hzi fa _ymi f juD ;u d k

3 1

aumhxd k ;wi fvd ku fwd ki f ; vD ;we fjuD ;onf_r<ri f ;>apmufz kwfxJod k h

t@S de fE Si f hwd k ;0ifonf?

rdrdud k<fwd ki ftay:rSzdaqmif hcsonfxuf armifarmifuaumhxd k;

wifvd kufI vD;wefjuD;wd k ;0i fvmrS Ku yd kvd k haumif ;onfud k _r<rif ;

odvm7onf? xdk h _yifarmifarmifud k<fwd ki fu rdrdud kvd k ;7wmudk t7om

awG hoabmusum <c kv d kv S Ky f @ S m ;vmwmy gvm;[ kpO f ;pm ;r d awm h

aumifrav;auseyfrdonf?

r de f ;rwd k hobm0u onftwd ki f ;yi f? olwd k hud kta7;xm;onf

qd kygu oabmuswwfjuonfcsnf;?

Þ b<fvd kvJcsmwdwfr7J h eifucyfjurf;jurf;cyf_yif;_yif;vd k ;wm

rs d K ;ud k oabmusyH k7w<f? at; iguvnf; 'Dvd kcyfjurf;jurf;vd k ;

wwfwmeJ hawmh tHud kufyJuG ß

armifarmif>pum;ajumif h _r<rif;rSmauseyfpdwfa7m| ajumuf

pdwfygyl;wG Jc Hpm;7onf? cyfjurf;jurf;cyf7rf;7rf;vd k ;v#if vD;0ifeufum

xdrd_yD; t7omt_ywfawGhr Smud k _r<rif;auseyfonf? wpfbufrSmvnf;

jurf;wrf;onfud kajumufonf? rawmfwqtaqmif hvGef_y D;uG Jukefv#if

3 2

tcuf?

armifarmifonf _r<rif;>zifud ktomqkyfud ki fum txufod k h

w Ge f ;wi fonf? zi f ju D ; ju GwufoGm ;onf? vD ;uvnf;tz kw fxJr S

xGufoGm;onf? _r<rif;>pdwfxJwGi f vD;rsm;tzkwfxJr S _yKwfxGuf

oGm;avrvm;[k awG;ylr donf?

od k haomfarmifarmifu apmufzkwfxJrSvD;'pftxufyd ki f ; _yLxGuf

vmonfESi f h tom7yfonf? vD;'pftzsm;yd ki f ;u apmufacgi f;xJwGif

_r Ky fuse faeonf? onfawmhr Sawm fao;7 J h ? uÈwfrxGufoGm;bl ;[k

_r<rif;awG;um touf_yif;av;wpfcsufcd k ;Icsvd kufonf?

armifarmifonftomacgif;ud kjuGum apmufzkwfav;xJ'pfzsm;

_rKy f0i faeonf htaetxm;ud k junf hao;onf? tar$ ;av;wpfyi fr #yi f

raygufao;yJ a_ymifpifaeavonfhapmufzkwfEkEkav;xJod k h vD;tzsm;

yd ki f ;u0ifaeonfh_rifuGif;u junfhvd k haumif;vSonf?

aygi fum;umaqmif hajumif hruswusxd ki faeonf htaetxm;r d k h

apmufzkwfud kxif@Sm;pGm_rifEd li fonf? wifyg;juGv#ufvD;ud kxkwf<lxm;

cs de fr d k h apmufzkwfES Kwfcrf;om;plplazgif;azgif;av;rsm;u vD;wefvH k ;ywf

3 3

ESif huyfumvefIygvmonf?

_r<rif;onfrdr daygifjum;ud kr dr d _yefumiH k h junfhr donf? vD;ESi f h

apmufzkwfuyfv#ufom;_zpfaeyH k _rifuGif;u aumifrav;ud k7rufyd kxef

vmaponf?

junfhaumif;vSaomfvnf; armifarmiftae_zif hjumjumZdrfqG J

IrjunfhE d li f? pdwfxJwGifapmufzkwfEkE kav;xJvD;_yefxd k ;xnfhvd kufcsi f

p dwfrsm; xde f ;r7El di fatmif _zp fvm7onfr d k h _r<rif ;>wifyg ;juD;ud k

atmufod k hqwfueJzdqG Jcsonf? wpf_yd Ki feufwnf;rSmyif ol>zifa_ymif

juD;ud k tay:od k haumhxd k ;juGwifvd kufonf?

vD;taumhESif hziftus tHud kufyif?

Þ bGyf- -_Ad- -Aspf ß

toHtawm fus< fus< f _rn fum vD ;we fwp fac smi f ;v H k ;yi f

apmufzkwfxJt@S de f _yif;p Gm0ifoGm;onf?

Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- -tm; ß

3 4

_r<rif;>toHrsm;ay:vmonf? vufacsmi f ;av;rsm;uvnf;

armifarmif>vufarmif;ud k cyfwif;wif;qkyfud ki fvk dufonf?

vD;0ifjurf;vSaomajumif h [ef hwm;wmvm;? t7omaumif;

v Ge f ;aomajumi f h zufwG<fr dwmvm;? _r<ri f ;a7marmi farmi fy g

rodvd kufjuyg?

_r<rif;tzd k h t7rf;vnf;aumif;onf? tvGefvnf;emvSonf?

atmif hvnf;atmif hoGm;onf?

armi farmi fonfwpfc sufwnf; _zi f h7y frxm;? tcs de fu d ku fyi f

Ttwdki f;qufIvkyfaeonf?

_r<rif;>wifyg;juD;onf armifarmif>qG Jyi f h _ye fe dr f hvky fay;

aerSKtwdki f; xufatmufvGwfvyfpGma@G haeonf? atmufrSarmifarmif

>zi fa _ymi f ju D ;uvnf ; aum hwufv d ku f | _ye fu so Gm ;v k du fE S i f h ?

vD ;wefjuD;uawmh apmufz kwfxJr SxGufvmvd kuf | w@S de fwd k ; _ye f0i f

oGm;vd kufESi f h oGufoGufvufvufESif htm;_yif;pGmvS ky f@ Sm;aeonf?

v D ;wp fc su f0i fo Gm ;w d k i f ; _r<ri f ;>nnf ;! la7@ Gw fo Hr sm ;

3 5

ay:vmovd k aumifrav;>7rufaZmr Smvnf; y d kI_yi f ; _yxufoef

vmonf?

o lr>apmufap hav;r Smvnf ; y d k@ Sn fumy d kIawmi faeonf?

TwGi fapmufz kwfxJod k hcy f _yi f ; _yi f ;0i fxGufvS Ky f@ Sm ;aeonf h vD;wef

vH k ;ywfESi f h xdawG hy Gwfwd kufrS ky d kaumif;vmum _r<rif;cHpm;ae7aom

umrt7omudk xyfwd k ;I<pfrl;p7m_zpfap_yefonf?

@ S de f ; _r _rumrt7ompnf;p dr fonf _r<ri f ;>wpfud k<fvH k ;r S

tm@ k Hajumrsm;ud k _ye f hE S H hv $r f ; _c H KIaeonf? olr>7ruf<rf ;td k ;ud k

r D;yd kIxd k;ay;onf? _r<rif;>vufacsmif;uav;rsm;yif auG;aumufI

vmonf? juufoD;awGxaeonfuawmh a_ymraeygeJ hawmh?

Þ awmuf- -csmwdwfr7m- -eifuigxifxm;wmxufawmif

yd kaumh_yD;- -csvd k ht7rf;aumif;aeygvm;? tm;<m;<m;- -'Dvd kaumif;

wmrs d K ;igrawGhz l;ao;bl;? 'Daehnawmh qGrf;juD;avmif;ygyJa[h ß

armifarmifu auseyfESp fodrf hp Gma_ymonf?

vd k ;Iaumif;vSaomajumif hvnf; armifarmif>jurf;jurf;wrf;

3 6

wrf;ESi f htEd li ftxuf_yKvd kp dwfawG yaysmufavsmhenf;ukef[efwlonf?

armifarmifonf_r<rif;>wifyg;rsm;ud k vuf0g;juD;ESi f hcyf_yif;

_yi f ;@ k du fc s _ci f ; | E d k ho D ;ac gi f ;av;r sm ;ud kq dwfqG J _ci f ;awGrvky fawm h ?

ol hvufrsm;u wifyg;ud ky Gwfoyfonf? Ed k htH krsm;ud ktomtkyfud ki fonf?

xd k _yifvufacsmif;rsm;_zif h zifom;juD;ESp f _crf;ud kvnf; wpfcsuf

wpfcsufwGi ftomqG J _z Jay;onf? Ttcgrsm;wGi f _r<rif;>plwlwl

ptd k0av;rSm [pd[pd_zpfum _r<rif;>pdwfxJwGif<m;usdus dav;yif

cHpm;7onf?

Þ acgif;av;ud kE S dr f hcsvd kufprf;ygtH k ;uG? rif;ud kerf;csifvd k h- - ß

armifarmifu nifompGma_ymonf? _r<rif;onfcsufcsif;yif

ud k<fud kud ki f;um ESKwfcrf;zl;z l;av;rsm;ud kp kay;vd kufonf?

er f ;rnfqd k7mwGi f yg ;ud kawmhr[kwf? E S Kwfcr f ;c si f ;awhum

pkyferf;vd k _cif;_zpfrnfud k _r<rif;odonf?

_r<ri f ;u toif hp kay;xm;aomE S Kw fcr f ;z l ;z l ;uav;rsm ;ud k

3 7

olhES kwfcrf;xl;trf;trf;juD;rsm;_zif h zduyfiH kc Jp ky f<lonf?

_r<rif;u yg;pyfud ktvd kufoif h[ay;onf? armifarmif>@Smu

_r<rif ;>yg;py fxJwd k ;0i fvmonf? _r<rif ;onfarmi farmi f>@Smud k

tm;7yg;7yifp ky f<lrdonf?

rdrd>wifyg;juD;a_rmufwufoGm;I tzkwfxJrSvD;juD;xGufoGm;

aomtcg tzkwfES kwfcrf;om;rsm;u vD;wefjuD;wGifuyfv#uf_yJvefyg

oGm;ajumif;ud k _r<rif;odvmonf?

_r<rif;>pdwfxJwGi f rdr dtzkwfw_yH KvH k ;yi f vD;wefjuD;E Si f h

ygoGm;avovm;[kxifrdonf?

_r<rif;onfyg;pyfxJrS wtif htif hwtdtda7@Gwf7if; zifjuD;ud k

[efcsufnDnDvSKyf@ Sm;ay;aeonf? _r<rif;utm;oH k ;umzifud kaqmif hcs

ay;vd kufwd ki f; vD;t0ifyd kxdonf? armifarmifwpfa<mufvnf;w[if;

[if;_zpfoGm;onf?

Þ vkyfyg@ Si f h- -vkyfprf;yg- -vd k;ygO D;armif7<f- -orD;ud k

vd k ;prf;yg- -wtm;aqmif hvd k ;- -tm; ß

3 8

_r<rif;onftHjudwfum tirf;r7yifa_ymqd kr donf?

xd kod k ha_ymvd kuf_y D;r S rdr dud k<frdr dtH hjordonf? onfr#awmif

npfnrf; _y D ;t@Sufuif;r J honf hpum;awGud k rdr dyg ;pyfuxkwfa_ymrdwm

ygvm;[kvnf; r<HkEd li fatmif_zpf7onf?

od k haomf onfvd kwpfwpfcGcGa_ymvd kuf7rSKuvnf; tm;7auseyf

aompdwfrsm;_zpfay:vmrdonf? a_ymrdr Sawmhrxl;[kqd kum _r<rif;

wpfa<mufqufvufItmomirf;irf;yif tm;7yg;7a_ymqd kaeavawmh

onf?

Þ OD;armif7<f- -aqmif hpr f ;yg- -orD;ud kwtm;aqmif h _y D ;

vd k ;prf;yg? OD;armif7 J hvD;juD;e J haqmif hvd k ;wm t7rf;c Hvd k haumif;wmyJ?

aqmif hygOD;armif7J h aqmif hprf;yg- -trav;aemf [if;[if; ß

Þ aumif;_yD? rif;aumif;aumif;t7omawGhatmifvd k ;ay;r<f?

pdwfomcs ß

armifarmifuvnf;tHjudwfum a7@Gwfa_ymjum;onf?

3 9

xd kaemufarmi farmi fonf ol hud k<fay:wufc Gum tzkwfxJ

vD;oGif;xm;avaomaumifrav;ud k tomwGef;Iz<f@Sm;ypfvd kufonf?

zspf!Spfp ky f<laeavaomapmufzkwfav;xJrS vD;wefjuD;vnf;

_yKwfxGufoGm;aponf?

t7r f ;a[m hum z Dvi fawGt_ywfwufaeonf h _r<ri f ;onf

vD;_yef0ifvmatmif zifjuD;ud kz dcszd k h judK;pm;ao;onf?

od k haomf armifarmifucGif hr_yK? _r<rif;>ykcke f;ud kcyfwif;wif;

wGef;um z<fypfonf?

Þ av;bufaxmufvd kufav ß

armi farmi fuyg;py fr Sa_ym7i f ; _r<rif ;ud kvnf;olvd kc si faom

taetxm;twdki f;_zpfatmif qGJ<l_yK_yifonf? _r<rif;rSmarmifarmif

qG J<lonfhtwdki f; ygoGm;um cHwifay:wGifav;bufaxmufv#ufom;

_zpfoGm;onf?

armifarmifuav;bufuke f ;aeaom_r<rif;>zifjuD;aemufwGi f

tomae7m<lonf?

4 0

Þ OD;armif- -orD;ud kbmvkyfrvd k hvJ[if- - ß

_r<rif;onf acgif;av;udkaemufiJ hum armifarmifud kvSrf;junfh

7if;ar;onf?

armifarmifu apmuf7nfjunfawGpd k@$ Ja_ymifvufum rwfawmif

aeaomvD;acsmif;juD;ud kvufxJwGifud ki fum oGif;zd k htoif h _yifaeonfud k

_r<rif;awG h7onf?

Þ eifu wtm;aqmif htvdk;c Hcsifw<fr[kwfvm;? tckeif hud k

aumi f ;aumi f ;t7omawG hatmi fvd k ;ay;rvd k hayg h ? uJ zi fjuD ;ud kom

aumhaxmifay;xm; ß

Tpum;rsm;ud kjum;7aomtcg udkatmifxl;u a':xm;7if>

zifaygufxJvD;oGi f;7eftwGuf zifud kaxmifc d ki f ;y H kud k _r<rif;owd7rd

onf?

[kwfw<f? udkatmifxl;zifvd k ;wmcH7wkef;u wDcsma':xm;7if

av;bufukef;_yD;zifaxmifay;cJ h7wm? <ck_r<rif;ud kvnf; OD;armifu

zifcsawmhrSmxifyg7J h?

4 1

_r<rif;rSmonfvd kawG;um ausm@k d ;xJpdr f hat;oGm;onf?

od k haom fwu<fwGi fawmh armi farmi fu_r<rif ;>ptd kxJod k h

vD;ud kxd k ;roGif;yg?

p lwlwlptd k0av;>atmufbuf@S d apmufzkwfxJod k homxd k ;oGi f;

vd kufonf?

_r<rif;tzd k h zifcsrcH7awmhrS KtwGuf bmbmnmnmawG;awm

aep7mtcs de fr7awmhyg? awG;vnf;rawG;Ed li fawmhyg?

apmufacgi f ;aygufxJod k h vD;wefjuD;wd k ;0i fvmrS Kud k tonf;

wat;at;7ifwzd kz d kE Si f hc Hpm;7if; yg;pyfrS[if hueJtoH_rnfoGm;onf?

<ckvd kav;bufuke f ;um zifaxmifay;xm;7onf htaetxm;

wGif vD;t0ifyd keuf_yD;yd kxdrdonf[k _r<rif;xifrdonf?

vD ;acsmi f ; juD ;onf <cifurxdry Gwfr davaomae7mrsm;ud k

xdawG hy Gwfwd kufr donf? xd ktawG hxl;ajumif h csmwdwfrav;yg;pyfr S

4 2

a7@Gwfnnf;!l7if; wifyg;qHktdtd_zL_zLazG;azG;rsm;udkaumhyif hI yd kaumif;

atmifvkyfay;rdonf?

armi f armi fuawm h aum hwufvmaomzi fom ; ju D ;r s m ;u d k

vuf0g;_zif htm;7yg;7yGwfoyf7if; vD;ud kqwfueJzdcsvd kuf_yefonf?

Þ tm;yg;- -0ifoGm;_yDuG? b<fvd kvJaumifrav;? tckvd k

zifaxmif_yD;vd k ;wmudk eifjudKufoGm;_yDr[kwfvm;? 'DyH kp Hr Smu vD;u

yd k _y D ;t0ifeufw<fav? uJ- -uJ zifjuD;ud kaumh_y D ;vS Ky f<rf;ay;

vd kufprf;ygtH k ;uG ß

armifarmifua_ymvd kuf_yefonf? rdrd>vD;>vD;'^fud k aumif

rav;pkyfoyfnnf;!l7if; tDpdrf haeatmifcHvdkuf7onfudkvnf; armifarmif

u tawmfoabmusaeonf?

_r<ri f ;emoGm ;wmud kvnf ;odonf? _y D ;awm ht_ywft7om

awGhoGm;rSe f;vnf; tuJcwfrdonf?

_r<rif ;onf armi farmi fapc d ki f ;onf htwd ki f ; wifyg ;juD;ud k

aumhEd li for#aumhum b<fnmvSKyf<rf;vd kufonf?

4 3

armifarmifonf zify Gwfaeaomvufrsm;ud k _r<rif;>cs d Ki f ;

atmufrSv# d KoGif;um Ed k htH kE Sp fc kud kcyfwif;wif;qkyfud ki fonf?

_r<rif;>eH kz l ;pEd k htH kav;rsm;onf armifarmif>vufwtkyfpm

tawmf_zp fonf? tys d Kaygufuav;rd k h E d k hawGut_ywfrzGi f h _z d K ;ao;?

rd k h0ef;ump| yH kay:ump_zpfonf? av;bufukef;xm;7onfhwd ki f t@G<f

a7mufrde f;rjuD;rsm;>Ed k htH kjuD;awGvd k wG JvG Jusae_cif;r@S d? tkyfud ki fqkyf

e<fxm;onf harmi farmi f>vufz0 g ;atmufwGi f wi f ;wi f ;7i f ;7i f ; |

tdtdaxG;axG; t_ynfhtodyf_zpfaeonf?

armifarmifonfvD;ud kw0ufcef hqG Jxkwf<lum cg;tm;ud koH k ;I

qwfueJaqmif hoGif;onf?

Þ bGyf- -yvGyf ß

vD;acsmif;juD;tzkwfxJod k h t@S de f _yif;_yif;_zif h _yef0ifonf?

Þ tm;- -[if h- -[if h ß

_r<rif ;>a7@Gwfnnf;wGm;oHay:vmonf? wifyg ;juD;vnf;

4 4

qwfueJ<rf;cgonf?

armifarmifu cyfjurf;jurf;yifqufIaqmif hvd k ;onf? _r<rif;

wpfud k<fvH k ;wke f7ifae_yD? umrt7omtxGyftxdyfod k hwufvSrf;awmh

rnf_zpfajumif;udk _r<rif;odonf? aqmifhcsufawG_yif;xefvSaomfvnf;

_r<rif ;tzd k h emjuifr S KtvsO f ;r@ S dawmh? aqmif havor#olrtwGuf

aumif;zd k hcsnf;_zpfonf?

_r<rif;rSm w[if;[if;ESif ht7rf;udkvSKyf@Sm;vmonf? ukef;ay;xm;

aomrdrd>zifjuD;aemufwGifae7m<lum rdrdud kaqmif hvd k;aeolarmifarmif

>touf_yif;@ SLoH| tHjudwfoHrsm;ud kvnf; _r<rif;jum;ae7onf?

armifarmifonfvnf; rdr dvd kyifta_ctaers d K ;@ S daeonfud ktuJcwfrd7m

_r<rif;tawmfoabmusoGm;onf? armifarmif>aqmif hcsufawGyd k _ref

vmonf? yd koGufvmonf?

Þ vSKyfprf;aumifrav;- -zifjuD;ud kaumhaumh_yD;vSKyfay;prf;

tm;yg;yg;- -tJvdkrs d K; tm;[if;[if;- -w<faumif;uGm- -w<faumif;ß

armifarmifonfaumifrav;ud kwtm;aqmif hvd k ;ae7if; yg;pyfr S

vnf;a7@Gwfa_ymaeonf? ol hvufawGuawmh _r<rif ;>Ed k ht H kav;

ESpfc kud k 7uf7ufpufpufud kqkyfe<faeonf? tukdi fuawmh tawmf

4 5

jurf;onf? Ed k ht H kav;rsm;ud k _ywfxGufvkrwwfyif qky fud ki fz sp f!Sp f

ae_cif;_zpfonf?

umrqdyfawGt7rf;wufaeavaom_r<rif;rSm emjuif7rSe f;yif

rodawmh? emjuifrS Kud kyift7om[k <pfrl;p GmcH<laerdonf?

xd kajumif harmifarmifyd kaqmif htm;oefum vD;0ifxdrd7avatmif

zifud kaumhay;vd kuf | <rf;ay;vd kufE Si f h _yKay;aeavonf? Ed k hud k _znf;

_znf;qG J7efvnf; rawmif;yef? wtm;raqmif hz d k hvnf;ra_ym?

emjuifrS KawGu t7omESif ht_ywfa7maESmukefonf?

emwmud kvnf;t7omawG honf? aumi f ;wmud kvnf;t7om

awG honf? emwmESi f haumi f ;wma7maewmud kvnf;t7omawG honf?

tm;vH k ;t7omawGcsnf;yJ_zpfonf?

Þ a[m- -a[m- -xGufukef_y D- -ig hv7nfawGxGufukef_y D

eif hapmufzkwfxJ_ynf hoGm;atmifud kxGufvmvdrf hr<f- -tm; ß

armifarmif>tavmwjuD;a_ymvd kufoH?

4 6

Þ tm;y g ;y g ;O Darmi f7 J h- -[if h[i f h- -ye f ;x kwfay;pr f ;y g ?

or D ;tz kw fx Jr S mt7nfawG _yn f hu ke f atmi fye f ;x kw fay ;v d ku fpr f ;y g ?

orD;vnf;xGufukef_y D- -xGufukef_y DO D;armif7J h- -tm; ß

_r<rif;>yg;pyfr Svnf; tirf;r7a7@Gwfa_ymjum;oHawGxGuf

vmonf? zifqH k juD;ud kawmh <rf;cgay;ovm;ra_yme J h ? t_ywfud k

vSKy f@ Sm;aewmyJ?

_r<rif;uvnf; Ø_yD;× oGm;7ay_yD? olrwpfud k<fvH k ;qwfueJ

qwfueJtajumqGJovdkvSKyfcgaeonf?

olr>apmufzkwfxJxd k ;xnf hxm;av_yD_zpfonf h armifarmif>

vD;wefjuD;xdyfzsm;rSvnf; okwf7nfawGyef;xGufvmonf? yef;xGuf

vmaomokwf7nfrsm;onf apmuf7nfjunfrsm;ESi f ha7maESmum apmuf

acgif;xJwGif_ynf hv# HIaeonf?

armifarmifonf tawmfyifokwfxGufjurf;onf? ol>okwf

7nfrsm;onf wjudrfwnf;omr[kwf? av;ig;judrfyifqufIyspfueJ

yspfueJyef;xGufonf? okwf7nfyef;xGufwd ki f; vD;juD;uaig hueJaig hueJ

vSKy fcgonf? _r<rif;tzd k hvnf; wpfud k<fvH k ;wke f7ifumacgi f;armh_y D ;

4 7

zifqH kjuD;<rf;I<rf;IoGm;onf?

o kw f7nfawGursm ;v Say7m _r<ri f ;>tz kw fac gi f ;x Jw Gi f

rqef hawmhy g? vD;acsmi f ; juD ;tjuyftody f0i faeavaomapmufz kwf

t_yi fbufod k h v# Husp D ;xGufonf? xd kod k hv# HxGufvmaomokwf7nf

rsm;onf _r<rif;>_zL0i f ;a_zmi f hpi f ;aomaygi fwefjuD;rsm;wav#muf

pD;usIoGm;onf?

armifarmifr Smawmh uke f ;ay;xm;aom_r<rif;>zifjuD;aemuf

wGif t@l;trl;vd k _zpfaeonf? _r<rif;>apmufzkwfav;rSm usOf;juyf

onfht_yifEkaxG;tdum pkyftm;!Spftm;oefIvd k ;vd k hutvGefaumif;ay

7m okwfv$wfxkwfay;_y D ; _zpfonf hwd ki f armifarmifr Smt@S de frowfEd li f

ao;? cg;wvSKyfvSKyf_zif hqufaqmif haeavao;onf?

armifarmif>qD;pyfu _r<rif;>zifqH ktdtdjuD;ud k odrf hueJ

o dr f hue J _zp fo Gm ;atmi fyi f wzwfzwf@ k du fr daeonf? vD ;uawm h

wppaysm husaeyg_y D?

_r<rif;rSmvnf; wpfcs D Ø_yD;× cJ h7_yD;_zpf7m EH k ;aysmhIaeonf?

' l ;awGyi frc d ki fc si fawmh? xd kajumi f harmi farmi f>qufaqmif haer S Kud k

4 8

awmi f hrc HE d l i f ? ' l ;! $wfumar G h7may:wGi far Smuf7ufom;vJusonf?

armifarmifonfvnf; _r<rif;>udk<fay:xyfv#ufom;ygoGm;onf?

olvnf; _i dr fusoGm;yg _y D ? acGaysm hae_y D _zp faomvD;acsmi f ;juD;

uvnf; _r<rif;>apmufzkwfrSuÈwfxGufonf?

apmapmu apmufacgi f ;xJt_ynf htodyf _zpfatmifaomif;use f ;

aec J haomvD;acsmi f ; juD ; ac Gaysm humuÈwfxGufoGm;7m _r<rif ;r Sm

7i fxJ[mwmwmESi f hwc kc kvp f[moGm;ovd kc Hpm;7onf? _zp fE d li frnf

qd kygu vD;juD;ud kapmufzkwfxJwGift_ynfhtodyf@S daeapcsifygao;onf?

tqd k hqd kovd k _zp faeaomvD;acsmi f ;juD; _yKwfxGufoGm;aomtcg

_r<rif;>apmufzkwfxJrSt7nfrsm; t_yifod k hy d kIpD;xGufonf? _r<rif;

rSmarSmufcke fav;_zpfae7m pD;xGufoGm;aomt7nfrsm;onf apmufaph

av;ud k _zwfoGm;juonf? _r<ri f ;tz d k h@ S d e f ; _rp7mt7omwpfr s d K ; _zp f

aeayawmhonf?

olwd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k ;xyfv#ufom; twefjumrS de f ;aejuonf?

ESp fa<mufvH k ;tarma_zaejuonf? twefjumtarma_z_y D ;touf@SL

rSe foGm;rS armifarmifutomab;od k hvS dr f hqif;oGm;onf?

4 9

_r<rif;onftomacgif;axmifum td ki f7if;ud kvSrf;junfhonf?

A d kv fu_ym ;rav;r@ S d awm h ? b<ftcs d e fuxGu fo Gm ;avonfrody g ?

_y D;awmh olrESi f harmifarmifwd k h b<favmufjumjumvd k ;c J haqmfc J hju

avonfrod? rd k ;p H k ;p H k ;cs Ky fumtvif;a7maysmufuG<fcJ hav_yD? tcef;

xJwGifvnf; tarSmifxkjuD;pd k ;Iaeavonf?

nnf;!loHvd kvd k toHcyfoJ hoJ hav;rsm;ud k olwd k hjum;vd kufju

7onf? xkdtoHrsm;onf txyfcd k ;qDrS_yef hvGif hvm_cif;_zpfonf?

Þ txyfcd k ;ay:rSm 7efyd ki fp d k ;aumif;aumif;tvkyf_zpfae_yef_y D?

b<fcsmwdwfrud krsm; olcsaew<frodbl;? vm igwd k hoGm;junfhju

7atmifvm; ß

armifarmifuvJavsmi f ;ae7mrSqwfueJxum cyf_rL; _rL; _zi f h

a_ymonf?

_r<rif;pdwfxJwGifxif hueJ_zpfonf?

_r<ri f ;onftxyfc d k ;ay:o d k hwufroGm ;v d ky g ? 7e fy d k i fp d k ;w d k h

5 0

vdk;aejurnfqd kv#i fvnf; oGm;rjunfhvd kyg? txl;o_zif harmifarmif

ESi f htwlvd kufygIroGm;vd kyg?

od k haomfarmifarmifonfcHwifatmufod k hqif; _y D ; _r<rif;ud kyg

vufarmif;7if;rSqkyfud ki fqG J<lvd kuf7m _r<rif;rSmvnf;cHwifatmufod k h

a7mufoGm;7onf?

armi farmi f>vD;u 7efy d ki fp d k ;xufjuD;onf? armi farmi f>

vd k ;y H ku 7efy d ki fp d k ;xufjurf;onf? xd k h _yif _r<rif;onfav;bufukef;

um armifarmif>vdk;wmudkc Hc J h7_yefao;onf?

umrt7omawG hwmuawm hr S e fonf ? o d k h aom f _r<ri f ;r S m

tawm fu d k arm[k du fye f ;usaeonf? txl ;o_zi f h ' l ; aw Gurc d k i fc si f ?

a_caxmufrsm;ud kaumif;aumif;av#mufvSrf;_cif;r_yKEd li f?

xd kajumi f harmi farmi f hu d kr S Dw G Jtm; _y Kum uGwuGwESi f hvr f ;

av#mufae7@Smonf?

Þ igvd k ;wmawmfawmfjurf;oGm;yH k7w<f? eifawmif uGwuGw

_zp faeyga7mvm;? bmrSrajumufyge J h ? c^jum7i f _ye faumi f ;oGm;

5 1

rSmyg? tckavmavmq<fawmh eih fud kigwG Jac:oGm;yg hr<f ß

armifarmifu 7<foHwpf0ufESif ha_ymonf?

ol>vD;'^fajumi f h aumi frav;aygi fuGoGm;7onf htwGuf

vnf; auseyfyDwd_zpfaeyH k7onf?

_r<rif;u bmr#ra_ym? armifarmifac:7mod k hvd kufvd kp dwfr@S d

aomfvnf; r_iif;?

armi farmi f hu d kr S Dw G Jum tce f ;xJr Sx Gufvmc J havawmhonf?

jum;ae7aomtoHrSm emjuifrS K _zif hnnf;!loH[k _r<rif;xifrdonf?

b<fol hnnf;oHrsm;ygvdrf h?

rmvmwifvm;? <k<karmfvm;?

5 2

tcef;(2)

armi farmi fE Si f h _r<ri f ;wd k hE Sp fa<muf txyfc d k ;ay:wufvm

cJ hjuw<f?

E S p f a<mu fv H k ;t0w ftp m ; aw G _ y e f r 0w f juawm h y gb l ; ?

' Dtwk di f ;ud k<fwH k ;vH k ;awGyJ?

_r<rif;aumif;aumif;awmifvrf;rav#mufEd li fbl;? uGwuGw

_zp faeav7 J h ? 7uf7ufpufpuftvd k ;c Hxm;7wJ hapmufz kw fav;[m

eD7 Jaew<f? us de f ;py f _y D ;emaew<f? av;bufuke f ; _y D ;awmif hc Hxm;7

wmajumif h aygifawGem_yD;' l;awGacsmifaewmayg h?

au m i f r av ; 7 J h a p mu f a c g i f ;x Juo kw f 7n f aw Guvn f ;

wpdr f hp dr f h<d kxGufusaewH k ;y J ? aygi f _c Hw0d kufr Smap;uyfuyfud k _zp fvd k h ?

apmu fz kw fu d k a7o G m ; aq;v d ku f7i f aumi f ; rvm ;v d k h awmi f

_r<rif;awG;r dao;w<f? 'gayr<f harmifarmifutxyfcd k ;ay:wef;wuf

oGm;wmrd k h _r<rif;vnf;bmrSa_ymraeawmhygbl;? armifarmifqG Jac:

7maemufud k vd kufc J h7awmhwmygyJ? a_caxmufawGuGww_zpfaewm

5 3

ajumi f h avSum;ud kwuf7i fcufc Jrvm;vd k hawmi f _r<rif ;awG ;y lr d

ao;w<f?

' gayr<f hta_ctaeu _r<ri f ;p d k ;7 dr foavmufrqd k ;y gb l ; ?

armi f armi fuvnf ; az ;rw G J ac : ay ;w< fav? w d kw d k a _ y m77i f

_r<rif;wpfa<muf txyfcd k ;ay:ud ka7mufoGm;ygawmhw<f? jum;ae7

wJ hnnf;oHu yd ky D _yifvmw<f? [kwfygw<fav? ememjuifjuife J h

nnf;wGm;a7@Gwfvd kufoHygyJ?

txyfc d k ;ay:a7muf_y D ; b<fbuftdy fce f ;xJvSr f ;junf hvd kufr d

w<f? tcef;xJrSmrD;rxGef;xm;bl;? 'gayr<fhtcef;wHcg;u [if;vif;

yGi f haew<f? avSum;xdyfem;rSmxGef;xm;wJ hr D;yGi f htvif;a7mif7J h a7mif

_yef[yfrS Kajumif h cyf0g;0g;tvif;a7mifav;awmh@S daew<f? tJ'Dcyf0g;

0g ;tvif;a7mifajumif h tcef;xJucHwifay:r Sm yufvufjuD;a_cypf

vufypftdyfarmusaewJhrmvmwif7J htoGifud k _rifEd li fw<f?

rmvmwifa_cum;<m;vufum;<m;eJ htdy faeyH kud kwpfcsufjunfh

v d ku fwme J h 7e fy d ki fp d k ;urmvmwif7 J htys d K7nfud k7<lt_ywfvd k ;c J h _y D ;

' Dtwd k i f ;yp fxm ;c J h r S e f ; o dy fo domw<f ? ti f ;- -rmvmwi fu

_r<rif;wd k h | td ki f7if;wd k hvd k@ ky f7nfracsmbl;av? @Gufjurf;a7usd K@ ky f7nf

5 4

rs d K ;qd kawmh a<mufsm;awGu~@krpd kufjuwm rqef;ygbl;?

apmufzkwfud ky Jruf_yD; vd k;_y D;wmeJ hrsufESmv$ JoGm;juwmayg h?

' Dvd kt_zpfrs d K ;juH K7wJ hrmvmwiftwGuf _r<rif;p dwfraumif;

ygbl;? oGm;_y D ;az;rxm;ay;csi fygw<f? 'gayr<f harmifarmifuqG Jac:

oGm;wmajumif h _r<rif;c_rmrmvmwifud kwpfcsufapmif;i J h junfhvd kuf

@k HuvGJvd k h bmrSrwwfEd li fygbl;?

' Dvd ke J h _r<ri f ;wd k hE Sp fa<mufnmbuftdy fce f ;ud ka7mufvmju

w<f? wHcg;uaphaew<f? 'gayr<f haomhrcwfxm;bl;? tomav;

wGef;vd kuf@k He J h wHcg;yGi f hoGm;w<f? wHcg;ud kwGef;z Gi f h _y D;wmeJ h armifarmif

uvnf; _r<rif;ud kcyfjurf;jurf;qG Jac:_yD;tcef;xJ0ifoGm;w<f?

tcef;xJrSmawmh xdefxdefvif;vd k h? av;ayrD;acsmif;awGt_ywf

xGef;xm;wmudk;? aehvnfcif;e J hbmrSr_cm;bl;?

tcef;xJuESpfa<muftdyfc HwifjuD;ay:rSmawmh ususeetvkyf

_zpfaejuav7J h? wu<fhud ktonf;<m;p7m_zpf7yfawGygyJ?

55

cHwifa_c7if;em;avmufrSm <k<karmfwpfa<muf a_cav;awG

c Hwi fatmufud kw G Jv Jc s _y D ; xd ki faew<f? <k<karm f7 J h r su fE S m[m

a_ymifpyfpyfajumifp Dp Dav;_zpfaew<f? tJ yg;pyfaxmif hem;r Smawmh

okwf7nftcs d K hayusHa_cmufuyfaewmud k _rif7w<f?

<k<karmfud k 7efy d ki fp d k ;uvD;p ky fc d ki f ;@ k HruyJ <k<karmf7 J hyg;pyf

xJr Sm okwf7nfawGud kye f ;xkwfaomufrs d Kc sc d ki f ;c J hr Se f ; _r<rif ;7 dy fr d

vd kufygw<f?

7efy d ki fp d k ;uawmh cHwiftv<favmufrSm 'l;axmuf7ufom;

@S daew<f? ol ha@S hr Smawmh Ad kvfu_ym;rav;td ki f7if;av? 'l;wkwf_y D ;

zifylawmif;av;axmifvd k h?

7efy d ki fp d k ;u wpfcsufaqmif hvd k ;vk dufavwd ki f ; td ki f7if ;7 J hwpf

ud k<fvH k ;[mwke f7ifoGm;_y D ; yg;pyfuvnf;nnf;!loHav;awGay:xGuf

vmw<f? pp_ri f _ri fc si f ;awm h _r<ri f ;ud karmi farmi fvd k ;c J hovd ky J

7e fy d ki fp d k ;utd ki f7i f ;ud k ' l ;wkwfzi faxmifc d ki f ; _y D ;vd k ;aew<fvd k h _r<rif;

xifrdwmayghav?

'gayr<f htd ki f7i f ;7 J hnnf;!loHu wpfrs d K ; _zp faewmud k _r<rif;

56

csufcsi f;y JtuJcwfrdw<f? emjuifrS K'^fud kc Hae7rSKawGu td ki f7if;7J h

nnf;oHawGxJrSm txift@Sm;ygaewmygvm;?

b<fvd k_zpfwmygvdrf h?

tJ' Dwke f ;r SmyJ armifarmifupdwfxJZa0Z0g_zpfaewJ h _r<rif;ud k

cyfqwfqwfyJcHwifab;em;ta7muf wGef;yd k hvd kufw<f? tJ- -cHwif

em;ud ke D;e D;uyfuyfa7mufoGm;avawmhrS _rifuGif;uxif@Sm;vmw<f?

tvd kav;av;? 7e fy d ki fp d k ;7 J hv D ;wefwkwfwkwfxGm;xGm;juD ;u

Ad kvfu_ym;rav;7J hzi faygufusO f ;usO f ;av;xJud kxd k ;oGi f ; _y D ; zifvd k ;ae

wmygvm;?

_r<rif;[m zifvd k;cHae7wJhAd kvfu_ym;rav;td ki f7if;ud k rsufvH k;

t_yL;om;eJ h ai;pd kufjunfhaerdw<f?

td ki f7if;7J hE S Kwfcrf;awGu [aew<f? oGm;awGud kawmhwif;wif;

5 7

aphvd k h? rsufESmuvnf;@SK H hr J haew<f? rsufvHk;awGuawmh arS;arS;pif;pif;?

emjui fr S Kt7omawGud k y l ;w G J _y D ;c Hpm ;ae7wJ htr lt7my gy J ?

tif;- -_r<rif;[mtd ki f7if;ud k omrefta_ctaerSmvnf;awGhz l;ygw<f?

umrpyf<SufcH7_yD; 7rufxefaewJht_zpfe J hvnf;_rifbl;yg7J h?

'gayr<f h<ck_rifawG hae7wJ hta_ctaetrlt7m[efyefrs d K ;awmh

wpfcgrSr_rifzl;c J hao;ygbl;? t7rf;ud kxl;_cm;wmyJ?

Þ eif hud ki gatmufxyfr Smt_ywfvd k ;E d li fc J h _y Dxifwm? 'Dr SmurS

wu<fhyG JjuD;yG Jaumif;ud k ;uG- - ß

armifarmifu tHjudwf_yD;a_ymvd kufw<f?

ol hr sufvH k ;awGuvnf; rD ;0i f ;0i f ;awmufvd k h ? armi farmi f7 J h

a_ymyH kqd ky H ke J havoH[efyefud k _r<rif;ody foabmruscsi fbl;? armif

armi fwp f a<mu f r[ kw fr[y fwp f c k c kv k y f z d k h ju H pn f aeov d kv d k

_r<rif;7J hp dwfxJrSmxifrdw<f? _r<rif;[marmifarmif hud k ajumufovdk

vd kawmif_zpfvm7w<f?

58

Þ tm;uÈwfuÈwf- -OD;7<f? odyfrjurf;e J huG<f [if h ß

td ki f7if;7J hnnf;!la7@GwfoHawGay:vmw<f? awmif;yefoHav;

xGufvmw<f?

tif;- -yg;pyfuomnnf;!lawmif;yefwmyg? Ad kufu_ym;rav;

7J hzi fqH ktdtd_zL_zLum;um;juD;uawmh zifvd k ;aewJ hie Jom;qDud kawmh

aumhyif hay;w<f? vSKy f@ Sm; _y D ;cgvd k hawmifaeavao;7J h ? 7efy d ki fp d k ;ud k

p dwfjudKufzifvd k ;ygvd k h tm;ay;tm;arSmuf_yKwJ hoabmayg h?

7efyd ki fp d k ;uvnf; aqmif hcsuftm;ud krav#mhygbl;? cyfjurf;jurf;

cyfoGufoGufaqmif hvd k;aeav7Jh?

_r<ri f ;7y f junf haewJ hae7mu zi fvd k ;zi fc HaewJ hp H kw G J7 J hab;

wnf hwnf huqd kawmh zi faygufav;xJvD ;acsmi f ; juD ;wd k ;0i f _ye fxGuf

_zp faewmud k aumi f ;aumi f ; ju D ; _ri fE d l i fo dE d l i fwmay g h ? _ri fwmr S

vD;wefjuD;r Sm qDawG@ $ Jaewma7m| td ki f7i f ;7 J hptd k0r Smokwfvdr f ;xm;

wmudka7m| xifxif@Sm;@Sm;juD;ud k _rifae7wm?

td k 'Dvd kqDokwfxm;wmawGud k _rif7wmu _r<rif;ud kt7rf;pdwf

5 9

vSKy f@ Sm ;apwmy J ? aoG ;wd k ; _re fvmw<f? 7i ft7r f ;ud kc ke fvmw<f?

wpfud k<fvH k;vnf; ylxlzde f;@ S de f ;vmw<f?

tif ; 7rufp dwfawGxjuGvm_y Dqd kwmud k _r<rif ;odw<f?

' Dp dwfawGxde f ;odr f ;c s d K ;E S dr fvd k hvnf; r7Ed l ki fr Se f ;ud koabmaygufw<f?

'DwpfcgEd k ;jum;vmwJh7rufpdwf7J hwrf;wrSKu wpfrs d K ;ud k _zpfaeovdkvnf;

xifrdw<f? aumifrav;[m ajumufvnf;ajumufaew<f?

td ki f7if;ud k7efyd ki fp d k ;u zifvd k ;wmudk7yfjunfhae7if; armifarmif

u _r<rif ;7 J hausm_yi fav;ud k vuf0g ;av;e J htomyGwfvd kufw<f?

vuf0g;uausm_yifatmufbufud kusqif;vmw<f? tJ aumifrav;7J h

wifyg;vH k ;vH k ;uspfuspfawGud kqkyfud ki fw<f? yGwfw<f? td k- -zifom;

wpf_crf;ud kawmif ukyf_yD;awmiftomav;_zJay;aew<f?

_r<ri f ;[m t÷7<fwp fc ku d k ju d Ko daeovd ky Jc Hpm ;7w<f?

@ke f ;uef_y D ;a_y;xGufoGm;csi fyg7 J h? 'gayr<f h armifarmif7 J hy Gwfoyfud ki f

wG<fqG J _z Jay;aeyH ku wu<fhud knifnifomomav;_zpf_yD; xda7mufrS K

uawmht7rf ;rsm;wmajumif h _r<rif ;taee J hb<fvd kr S@ ke f ;z<frxGuf

Ed li fbl;? wufjuGvmwJh7rufpdwfawGyJ yd k _yif;xefvmw<f? umrqdyf

awGyd kvmw<f?

6 0

_r<rif;[mvd k ;aejuwJhp H kwG Jud kp l ;p d kufjunfhaew<f? td k- -

tao;pdwf fud kaoaocsmcsmjunhfr dwm?

td ki f7if ;[m 'l;E Sp fvH k ;ud kcyfum;um;av;axmuf_y D ;uke f ;ay;ae

7wm? a@ S hbufuvufud kvnf; qef h _y D ;axmufxm;wmr[kwfbl ; ?

wpfawmifqpfud ky Jtm;_yK_y D;axmufxm;wm? 'Dawmh td ki f7if;7J hud k<f

tay:yd ki f ;u atmufbufud kcy fusus_zpf _y D ; zifjuD;uaumhaumh

axmi fwufaewmayg h ? td ki f7i f ;7 J ht dtdxGm;xGm;E d k ht H k juD ;awGuawmh

tdyf7mcif;ud kxdrdaejuw<fav?

td k aqmif hoGi f ;aewJ hvD;acsmi f ;juD;u zifacgi f ;xJud keufeuf

@ S d Ki f ;@ S d Ki f ; juD;wd k ;0i faevd k hvm;awmhrodygbl ;? td ki f7i f ;7 J hqD ;py ftom;

awGeJ h 0rf;ysOfom;awGwkefcgvSKyf@ Sm;aewmudkvnf;awG h7w<f?

' gwifb<f[kwfr SmvJ? td ki f7i f ;7 J hqDokwfxm;vd k hvufa_ymi f

aewJhptd k0av;[m vD;qG JtxkwfrSm vD;acsmif;juD;rSmwG<fuyf_yJvef

_yD;ygoGm;wm? aqmif hoGif;vk dufwJ htcg vD;eJ htwlcs d Ki f h0ifoGm;wmawGud k

awmif _r<rif;aoaocsmcsm_rif7w<f?

zifvd k ;c Hae7wJ htd ki f7if ;7 J ht_zpftysufud kaoaocsmcsmjunf h7if;

6 1

_r<rif;vnf; zifcHjunhfcsifp dwfawGay:vmw<f? ptd k0av;[mvnf;

<m;usdus d _zpfvmovdkyJ?

td k- -'Dp dwfawGbmajumif h _zpfvm7wmvJ? 'grs d K ;rpOf;pm;e J h ?

zifcHcsifwJ hp dwfawGud karmif;xkwfypfvd kuf- - -

_r<rif ;[m uk d<f hud k<fuk dtm;ay;7i f ; p dwfwnf_i dr fatmif

jud k ;pm;_y D ;xde f ;ygw<f?

tJ'Dtcs de fr SmyJ- -

Þ b<fvd kvJcsmwdwfr td ki f7if;vd krs d K ;zifrcHcsifbl;vm; ß

armifarmifu _r<rif;7 J hem;@ Gufem;ud kuyf_y D ; cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ym

w<f?

'Dvd kcyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymvd kufwJ htoHu _r<rif;7J humrpufcvkwfud k

qG J _z Kwfvd kufovd ky gy J ? td k 7rufp dwfawGxde f ;vd k hr7E d li fawmhygbl ;?

pdwfawGvnf;wkef7ifvSKyf@ Sm;vd k hvmyg_yD? cufawmhwmygyJ?

6 2

a[m- -armifarmifu _r<rif;7J hptd k0av;rSm vuf!S d K ;ud k

usep Gmy Jz dawhxm;vd ku f _y D ? td k- -_r<ri f ;qwfqwf7<fwke fvd k h ?

7ifawGygc ke foGm;7wmayg h?

Þ zifaygufxJvuf!S d K ;0ifoGm;atmif eif hwifyg;ud kaemufaumh

ay;vd kufprf;csmwdwfr ß

armifarmifucyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymvm_yefw<f? apcd ki f ;vm_yefw<f?

armifarmifc d ki f ;wmvkyfray;oif hbl;qd kwm _r<rif;odygw<f?

'gayr<f hol hr7 J haoG ;om;awGuawmh qif _ci fpO f ;pm;E d li fwJ hO D ;aE Smuf7 J h

xdef;csKyfr S Kud k rcHcsifjuawmhygbl;?

junfhav? _r<rif;[mwpfcsuftHjudwf_yD; zifqH ktdtdjuD;ud k

qwfueJaemufaumhay;vd kuf_yD?

armifarmifu ptd k0rSmvuf!S d K ;ud kususeeawhaxmufxm;wm

r[kwfvm;? tckvd k _r<rif ;uzifjuD;qwfueJaemufaumhvd kufawmh

vuf!S d K ;w0ufavmuf[m usO f ; juy fwJ hzi fac gi f ;ay gufxJav#mueJ

0ifoGm;awmhwmayg h?

6 3

Þ td k- - ß

zi f ay gu fu sO f ;u sO f ; av;x Ju d k vuf! S d K ;w d k ; 0i fvmwmu

wif;wif;juyfjuyfe J hwpfwpfqd k hqd k h juD;r d k h _r<rif;7 J hyg ;pyfutoHav;

xGufoGm;7w<f?

armifarmifu0ifoGm;wJ hvuf!S d K ;ud k t_idr fraebl;? xd k ;vd kuf

xkwfvd kufvkyfw<f? zifacgif;xJrSmvSnf hywfxd k;ar$ay;w<f? b<fvd k

awG _zp fuke fr Se f ;awmif _r<rif ;rodygbl ;? @ ke f ;uef _ii f ;qefz k d hqd kwm

a0vma0;? rsufvH k;av;_yL;_yD; yg;pyfav;ta[mif;om;_zpfoGm;7_yD?

Þ awmuf- -eif hapmufzkwfuusOf;vd k h vd k;7wmaumif;vS_yD

r Swfaewm? zifaygufuyd kawmifusOf;ao;vm;? 'Dzifaygufud kvd k ;77if

vnf; yd kawmifaumif;tk H ;r<f ß

aumifrav;7J hzifaygufxJvuf!S d K;e J hxd k ;uvday;7if; armifarmif

u a_ymvd kufw<f?

td k- -_r<rif;raeEd li fawmhbl;? zifc Hjunh fcsi fwJ hp dwfawGu

t7rf;ud k _yi f ; _yxufoefvd k hvmaeju_yD? ol hrsufp de J hwyftyf_rifae7wJ h

6 4

tdki f7if ;7 J ht_zpfuvnf; zifc H7wmemayr<f h wpfrs d K ;t7omxl;uJvS

ajumif; vufawGh_yaewmyJr[kwfygvm;?

'gayr<fh _r<rif;[m zifvd k ;c Hcsi faeyg_yDvd k hyg;pyfuyGif hy Gi f hvif;

vif;awmhxkwfaz:ra_ym7Jao;bl;? a_ym7rSm@Sufvd k huawmhr[kwfygbl;?

^Smxefae_yDyJ? t@Sufqd kwmb<f@S dawmhrSmvJ? bmac:rvJ? rvkyf

bl;ao;wJ htvkyfwpfckud kpvkyf7rSmud k aemufwGef haewJ hoabmyg?

'gayr<f htrlt7meJ h _ywf_ywfom;om;_yefta_zay;wJ hoabmrs d K ;

e J h acgif;ud ktomaemufiJ h _y D ; armifarmif7J hyg;ud k@ $wfueJerf;vd kufw<f

av?

armifarmifu zif0ud kuvdaewJhvufud kqwfueJqG Jxkwfvd kuf

w<f? zifxJrSm[mwmwmawmif_zpfoGm;ovdkyJ? armifarmif7J hvufawG

[m _r<rif;wpfud k<fvH k;ud ky Gwfoyfvm_yefw<f? _r<rif;rSmzde f;ueJ

@S de f ;ueJud k _zpfvd k hoGm;7w<f?

Þ at;- -eifuzifvd k ;c Hcsi fw<fqd k7ifvnf; iguzifvd k ;ay;

7wmayg h? 'gayr<fhig hvD;awmifvmatmifawmh eiful_yD;vkyfay;7vdrf h

r<f? [kwfvm; ß

65

csmwdwfrav;_r<ri f ;[m armi farmi f7 J hay gi f jum;uvD;ud k

wp fc su f junf hv d ku fr dw<f? ti f ;av? [kwfy g7 J h ? ol hv D ; ju D ;u

rwfrwfjuD;r Sawmi fraeao;wm? 'gayr<f haysm haysm hac Gac G juD ;awmh

vnf; _zpfraeygbl;? rawmif hwawmifav;_zpfaewm?

armifarmif7J hrwfawmifvmatmif _r<rif;wjudrfvkyfay;cJ h _y D ;

yg_yD? yg;pyfe J hp ky f | @SmeJ h7ufay;7wmudkvnf; _r<rif;tawmfav;ESpf

oufoabmusr d _y D ; ' Dv d kv ky fay;vd ku f7i f vD ;awmi fvmr Smqd kwm

udkvnf; odaew<fav?

armi f armi ftaee J h _r<ri f ;u d k E S p f c gw d ku fw Ge f ; p7mawmi f

rvd kygbl;? yckef;ud kud ki f _y D; atmufud kz dcsay;zd k hawmifrvd kbl;? _r<rif;

[mcsufcsif;yJ armifarmif7J ha_c7if;rSm 'l;axmuf7ufom;_zpfoGm;_yD?

_r<ri f ;wp fa<mufvD ;p ky f7wmud k @ G Hp7m[kyi frpO f ;pm;E d li f

awmhyg? 'Dvd kvD;pkyfay;7rSKonf tvdk;cHEd li f7eftwGuf rdef;rwpfa<muf

_y Kvky fay;7onf hobm0wm0e f0wW7m;wp fc k[ k xif _ri fIvmonf?

xd k _yifvD;p ky fay;7_cif;ajumif h cHpm;7aomumrt7omud k rde f ;r_zpfr S

omv#if cHpm;7@S dE d li fonfhxl;uJaomt7om[lIvnf; awG;rdonf?

66

_r<rif;onf' l ;wkwfxk di fcsvd kuf_y D ;aemuf armifarmif>ud k<f

atmufyd ki f ;ud k vufarmif ; _zi f htomod ki f ;zufvd kuf_y D ; armifarmif>

zifa_ymifjuD;rsm;ud ktomqkyfud ki fvk dufonf? vD;ar$;vdrfaumufaumuf

rsm;aygufaeonf hvD;wefjuD;onf _r<rif;>vnfyif;E Si f har;aphwd k hud k

xdvd kufrxdvdkuf_zpfIaeonf?

_r<rif;r Smtawmfav;t7yf_rif honf hr de f ;uav;wpfa<muf_zpf

7m 'l;wkwfxd ki fcsvd kuf7mwGif olr>rsufESmu armifarmif>qD;pyf

ausm fausm favmufwGi f@ S d aeonf? y g ;py fE Si f hv D ;we fwnf hwnf h ju D ;

@S draeyg?

xd kajumi f h _r<ri f ;onfvD ;p ky fay;E d li f7e ftwGuf acgi f ;ud k

atmufod k htomyi fi H k hv d ku f7onf? onfawmhr S vD ;E Si f hy g ;py fe D ;py f

oGm;onf? _r<rif;>yg;pyfav;[um @Smav;wpfvpfxGufvmonf?

xd k@ Smav;u vD;t7if;yd ki f ;ud kxdrdonf? armifarmif>vD;u rwfawmif

raeao;? cyfaysmhaysmh_zpfum atmufod k hO D ;p d kufaeonf? xdkajumif h

_r<ri f ;onf vD ;t7i f ;y d k i f ;r S aeI atmufbufqDo d k h av#mc sum

vD;xdyfyd ki f;od k hta7muf@Smav;_zif h7ufcsay;vd kufonf?

armi farmi fonf _r<ri f ;>apmufz kw fu d ky<fy<fe<fe<f

6 7

vdk;cJ h _y D;aemuf vD;ud kaq;ajum_cif;r_yKao;yg? xd kajumif h _r<rif;>

apmufzkwfxJr S<d kp dr f hxGuftHuscJ havaomapmuf7nfjunfESi f hokwf7nf

rsm; vD;wGifokwfvdrf;ayusHaecJ honf? avovyfI a_cmufoa<mif

awmif_zpfaejuonf?

vD;wefwav#muf7ufcsvmaom_r<rif;>@Smu xd kokwf7nf

ESi f hapmuf7nfjunfrsm;ud k7ufrdonf? _r<rif;tae_zif h ud k<f hapmuf

7nfud k udk<f_yefum7ufaeonfhoabm_zpfoGm;onf? udk<f hapmufzkwfeH h

ud k<f_yef7um tawmfyifpdwfvSKyf@ Sm;p7m_zpfIaeavonf?

Þ 'Dwpfcgawmh rif;twGuftulav;bmav;ac:ay;7tkef;r<fß

_r<rif ;>yg;py fu vD;ud ki H kr dvd kufc s de fr Smyi f armi farmi f>

pum;oHay:vmonf? armi farmi f>toHr Sm tawmfav;oGufvuf

_rL;juGaeonf?

Þ a[h- -[d kw@ kw frav;? ' Du d kvm_y D ;ei f ho li<fc si f ;u d k

0 d k i f ;u lay;vk du fy gt ke f ; ? olwp fa<mufwnf ;i g hv D ;awmi fvmatmi f

p k y f ay ;aewmu d k ei fu' Dtw d k i f ; y J jun f h ae7wm ry si f ;b l ;vm ; ?

eifyg0d ki f ;ul_yD; pkyfay;ygvm; ß

68

_r<rif;onfvD;ud kukef;p kyfae_yD_zpf7m <k<karmfbufod k hrjunfh

tm;yg? od k haomfcHwifay:rSqif;vmonfha_coHud kjum;7avaomajumif h

<k<karmfwpfa<muf armifarmifa_ymaompum;ud kemcHum vmae_yD

_zp fa ; jumi f ;u d kawm ho donf? armi farmi f>vD ;wp fac smi f ;wnf ;u d k

r dr dE Si f h<k<karmfwd k hE Sp fa<muf b<fvd krsm;0d ki f ;p kyfay;ju7rSmvJ[kvnf;

awG;onf?

armifarmi f>vD;r Sm rawmif hwawmifcy faysm haysm hav;_zp fae

ay7m _r<rif;uvuf_zif htomudki fumr<lv#uf pkyfae7_cif;_zpfonf?

<k<karmfonf_r<rif;ab;em;wGifa7mufvmum tom'l;axmufxk di fcs

_y D ;aemuf armifarmif>vD;ud kvSr f ;ud ki fonf? TwGifvD;ud kqky fud ki f

xm;aom_r<rif;>vufay:od k h <k<karmf>vufu qkyfud ki fr dv#uf

om;_zpfonf?

<k<karmfrSm 7efyd kifpd k;oif_yay;xm;cJ haomajumifh vD;pkyf7wmudk

tawmfav;oabmusESp f _c d Kufaeay_yD? 7efyd ki fp d k ;>vD;wpfacsmif;wnf;

ud kp ky f7wm odyfrauseyfcsif?

7e fy d k i fp d k ;>vD ;xufy d k ju D ;aomarmi farmi f>vD ;p ky fv d kp dw fu

@S daecJ honf? xd kajumif harmifarmifuvSrf ;ac:vd kufonfESi f h b<fvd k

6 9

r#yifwH k haE S ; _ci f ;r@S dy J vD;p ky fay;7efcsufcsi f ;c Hwifay:rSqif;vmcJ honf?

cyf@Si f;@ Si f;a_ym7rnfqd kygu <k<karmfonf onfvd ktac:apmif haecJ h _cif;

_zpfonf?

_r<ri f ;uarmi f armi f>v D ;u d k p k y f ay ;aeonfu d k _ ri f7awm h

<k<karmfrSm yd kvd k hompdwfvSKyf@ Sm;vmonf?

w@kwfu_ym;rav;>rsufvH k ;r sm;onfvnf; ta7mi fwvuf

vufawmufvmonf? w@kwfu_ym;rav;<k<karmfonf r÷av;ol

_r<rif;vd kr[kwf? vuf7JZuf7JESi f htvGefoGufvufol_zpfonf?

Þ [m- -olh[mu yd kjuD;w<faemf- - ß

<k<karmfu _r<rif;pky fay;aeaomvD;ud kjunfh_y D; cyfwd k ;wd k ;

av;a_ymonf? vD;ud k _r<rif;yg;pyfE Si f hi H kumpky fay;aeavaomajumif h

<k<karmfr Sm vD;p ky fvd kaomfvnf; pky fp7mvD;acsmif;r@S dy J _zpfaeonf?

xd kajumif htomav;vufwpfbufqef hxkwfum armifarmif>a~G;Orsm;

ud kqkyfud ki faqmhupm;ay;vd kufonf?

<ckavmavmq<fvD;rpkyf7ao;vnf; bm_zpfvJ? vD;rpkyf7cif

7 0

a~G;OawGqkyfud ki fupm;ay;vd kuf@k Hayg h?

' Dvd kvufeJ htomqkyfud ki fjunfhawmh aysmhtdaEG;axG;aomtxd

tawG hajumif h <k<karm f7 J hp dwfxJr Smr@ k d ;r@ G _zp fvmw<f? 'gajumif h

ac gi f ;av;ud ktoma@ S hw d k ;v d ku f _y D ; armi farmi f7 J h a~ G ;Ow G Jv G J aw Gu d k

@ Smav;e J h7ufay;vd kufawmhwmyJ? E S Kwfcr f ;z l ;z l ;av;awGe J hvnf;i H k _y D ;

p ky fay;vd kufygao;w<f?

armifarmifqwfueJwkefoGm;wmudkvnf; _r<rif;odvd kufw<f?

' Dvd k _zp foGm;7wmu <k<karmfua~G;OawGud kp ky fay;vd kuf7wmajumif h

_zpfwmrd k h _r<rif;pdwfxJrSm remvd kovd k | rcHcsi fovd k _zpfr dw<f?

'gawG[m q<fausmfouft@G<faumifrav;awG7Jhp@k dufvuQ^m

wpfckvd k hqd k7avrvm;yJ? olwd k ht@G<fcsmwdwfrawG[m _ydKi fbufay:

vm7ift@S H K ;ray;csifjubl;?

Þ at;- -' Dvd kr Say g hu G? ri f ;wd k hE Sp fa<muf' Dvd kae7mc G J _y D ;

vkyfay;ju7if_yD;wmyJ [if;[if;[if; ß

armi farmi fu toma7@Gwfa_ymjum;w<f? ie Jom;ody fud k

7 1

oabmusae_yDayg h? [kwfw<fav? i<fi<fEkEkaumifrav;ESpfa<muf

u wpfa<mufuvD;pkyf | wpfa<mufu a~G;pkyfe J h t_ywf_yKpkay;ae

juwmudk;?

_yD;awmh csmwdwfrESpfa<mufud k w_ydKi fwnf;xdef;xm;Ed li fwm

ajumih fvnf; armifarmiftawmfav;ud kauseyftm;7~k^f<laerdw<f?

armifarmifa_ymvd kufyH ku _r<rif;e J h<k<karmfwd k hE Sp fa<mufud k wefzd k ;

rxm;wJ hoabmrs d K ;y J? ol hvd kbud k _znf hqnf;ay;ae7wJhr de f ;rawGoabm

rs d K ;xm;_yD;a_ymvd kufwm? 'gayr<fhumrpdwfawG_yif;_yxufoefaejuwJh

r de f ;uav;ESpfa<mufuawmh armifarmif7J havoH[efyefud kta7;rxm;

Ed li fjuygbl;?

_r<rif;uvnf; ol htpGr f ;ud k _ycsi fwmajumif h armifarmif7 J h

vD;'pfxdyfzsm;ud k cyfjurf;jurf;yJpkyfay;vd kufw<f? 'gwifruao;bl;?

acgi f;ud ktomedr f hvd kufjuGvd kufvkyf _y D ; vD;juD;ud kyg;pyfxJ0ifvmvd kuf|

_yefxGufoGm;vd kuf_zpfaeap_yefao;w<f?

tJ'Dtcs de frSm<k<karmfu a~G;OawGudk7ufay;pkyfay;ae7muae_yD;

vD;weft7if;yd ki f ;ud k@ SmeJ htomywf_yD; 7ufay;vm_yefw<f? oluvD;pkyf

junfhcsifaewmr[kwfvm;?

7 2

Þ uJ- -<rif; eif holi<fcsif;ud kwvSnf hay;pkyfvd kufygtH k ; ß

armifarmifu cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymw<f?

armi farmi fuonfvd ka _ymvd ku fw<fqd k7i fy J <k<karm f[m

_r<ri f ;z<fxkwfay;r Smud kawmi f apmi f hraeawm hb l ; ? vD ; juD ;ud k

qwfue Jvufe J hu d ki f _y D ; _r<ri f ;7 J hy g ;py fx JuuÈwfxGufoGm ;atmi f

qG J<lvd kufw<f? _yD;wmeJ hol hyg;pyfeJ hi H k _y D;wtm;pkyfvd kufwm _zpfcsifawmh

vD;xdyfem;ud kol ha@S hoGm;e J hawmifxdrdoGm;ygava7m? t7omcH_y D;r S de f ;ae

wJ harmifarmifwpfa<muf tawmfud kemoGm;wmayg h?

Þ a[h- -a[h- -oGm;eJ hud kufrdae_yD owdxm;rSayg h ß

armifarmifu'Dvd ka_ym_y D ; <k<karmf7 J hacgi f ;ud kvufwpfbufeJ h

wGe f ; _y D ; ol hvD ;ud kvnf;w@kwfu_ym;rav;7J hy g ;py fxJuaeqG Jxkwf<l

vd kufw<f? <k<karmf7J hwHawG;pav;wpfcku yd k ;csnfr#ifvd kvD;xdyfuae

wef;ueJus_yD; <k<karmf7J har;aphrSmoGm;uyfw<f?

Þ eifwd k hE Sp fa<mufvkpkyfae7if ig hvD;yJemvdrf hr<f? uJ- -

vD;ud k<rif;uyJp ky f? <k<kuawmh aemufbufoGm;_y D ;ig ha~ G ;OawGud k

p kyfay;- - ß

7 3

armifarmifu aumifrav;ESpfa<mufud kwm0efcG Jay;vd kufw<f?

_r<rif;7J hp dwfxJrSmawmh armifarmifuvD;pkyfay;zk d hol hud ka@G;cs<f

apcd ki f ;wmud ky J tawmfauseyfr dw<f? <k<karmfud ktvJxd k ;E d li fvd kuf

_yDayg h? OD;armifuig hud ky Joabmusw<fayg hav? ajomf rdef;uav;rsm;

a_ymygw<f?

_r<rif;uvnf;b<faES ;vdr f hr SmvJ? ol htwGufc G Jwrf ;t_zpf7

vd ku fwJ hv D ;ac smi f ; juD ;ud k yg ;py fe J hi H k _y D ;tm;7yg ;7ud kp ky fay;vd ku fwm

Ø_yGwf×ueJawmiftoH_rnfw<f? 'Dvd kvD;pkyfay;ae7if; tomrsufeufav;

axmi f huy f jun f hv d ku f awm h < k< k arm f[mav;bu faxmu f _ y D ;

armifarmif7J hzifa_ymifjuD;aemufbufud koGm;aewmudk_rif7w<f?

armifarmifu a_caxmufESp facsmi f ;ud kcyfum;um;av;vkyf _y D ;

7yfay;vd kufw<f? u7maw;uDoGif; _y D;7yfaewJ htaetxm;rs d K ;? 'l;ud k

rauG;wauG;vkyf| aygifESp fc kud kum;| zifa_ymifjuD;ud kaemufbufraumh

waumhav;vkyfay;xm;wm?

_r<rif;7 J hrsufvH k ;tjunfhu cHwifab;em;ueH7Hr Smaxmif7uf

om;@S daewJ hr Se fjuD;wpfcsy fud koGm;_rifr dw<f? _r<rif;[m'Dtcef;xJr Sm

7 4

7efy d ki fp d k ;ud ktys d K7nfay;tyf_y D ;tvd k ;c Hc J h7_y D ;yg _y D? tJ' Dwke f ;u'Dr Se fjuD;

@S daewmudk rodcJ hygbl;? pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;vGef;_y D; owdrrlrdvd k h _zpfr SmyJvd k hy J

awG;r dw<f?

trSefuawmh _r<rif;ud k7efyd ki fp d k ;pvd k ;c J hpOfwkef;u tJ'Dr Se fjuD;

@ S draecJ hygbl;? td ki f7if;ud kzifvd k ;wmud k rSe fxJr SmvSrf ;junf h _y D ;wpfrs d K ;

t7omcHcsifvd k h 7efyd ki fp d k ;u apmapmuav;wifrS 'Dtcef;xJud ka@$ h _y D;

ususeeaxmifxm;cJ hwmyg?

tajumif;wd kufqd ki fcsi fawmh _r<rif;wd k h@ S daewJ hae7muvnf;

olwdk hyH k7dyfud krSefjuD;xJrSmvSrf;_rifEd li fw<fav? _r<rif;[mtrSwfrxifyJ

rSe fxJuyH k7dyfawGud kvSrf;junfhvd kufrdygw<f? tdk- -ol7<f| armifarmif

7<f| <k<karmf7<f oH k;a<mufvH k;7J h@ ky foGifyH k7 dy fawGu rSefom;_yifjuD;

ay:rSm uGufuGufuGif;uGif;ud k xif[yfaewmygvm;?

_r<rif;@ S daewJ hae7mqd k7if rSe fxJrSmtd ki f7if;e J h7efy d ki fp d k ;ud kawmh

r_rifEd li fygbl;? 'gayr<fhtd ki f7if;7J hnnf;!loHawG| zifxJvD;aqmif hoGif;

oHawG| 7efy d ki fp d k ;7 J hqD;pyfe J h td ki f7i f ;7 J hzi fqH k juD;@ k dufr doHawGuawmh

rjum;csi ftqH k ;y J? 'DtoHawGjum;7wmajumif h td ki f7i f ;ud k7e fy d ki fp d k ;

y<fy<fe<fe<fzifvd k;aerSef; aumif;aumif;juD;odEd li fwmayg h?

7 5

_r<rif ;urSe fxJr Sm _ri fae7wJ h <k<karm f7 J hv S Ky f@ Sm ;r S KawGud k

tav;xm;_yD;pl;pd kufjunfhrdw<f? <k<karmf[marmifarmif7J haemufbuf

rSm 'l;axmuf7ufom;av;xd ki fvd k hav? olhvufav;ESpfbufeJ h armif

armif7J hzifom;juD;ESpf_crf;ud k_zJxm;w<f? olhrsufESmuawmh armifarmif7J h

zifjum;rSmuyf7ufom;@S daewmajumif h <k<karmfbmvkyfaew<fqd kwm

udk rSe fxJrSmxifxif@Sm;@Sm;r_rif7bl;? 'gayr<fharmifarmif7J ha~G;OwG JvG J

aw Gu d k zi f jum;uaevSr f ; _y D ;p ky fay;7ufay;aew<fqd kwmud kawm h

_r<rif;odygw<f?

tJ'Dtcd kufrSmyJ armifarmifuolhzifa_ymifjuD;ud kaemufud ky d kaumh

ay;vd kufw<f? enf;enf;vnf;atmufES dr f hcsay;vd kufw<f? 'Dvd kzifud k

vSKy fvd kufwmajumif h _r<rif;yg;pyfxJuvD;juD;awmifaig hueJ_zpfoGm;

ao;w<f? tckqd k7if armifarmif7J hvD;juD;u rwfawmifvd k haeyg_yD?

rawmi fy JaeE d li f@ k d ;vm;? aumi frav;wpfa<mufuvD;p ky f | w_cm;

wpfa<mufua~G;O7ufvkyfay;aewmudk;?

Þ w@kwfrav;- -ig ha~ G ;OawGud krp ky fe J hawmh? ig hzi f0ud ky J

@ SmeJ h7ufay;prf; ß

armifarmifu <k<karmfud kapcd ki f ;vd kufoHud kjum;7_yefw<f?

7 6

armifarmifuawmh csmwdwfrESp fa<mufud kaumif;aumif;juD;toH k ;cs

pnf;pdrf<lae_yD? awmf@k Hwef@k Haju;pm;r<fawGawmifrvkyfay;wJ htvkyf

rs d K ;awGvkyfc d ki f ;ae_yD?

'Dvd krs d K ;vkyfcd ki f ;wmawmh raumif;ygbl;vd k h _r<rif;awG;rdw<f?

awG;omawG;r dwmyg? ol hyg;pyfuawmhrwfawmifae_yD _zpfwJ hvD;juD;ud k

tir f ;r7p ky fay;vd k h ? raumif ;r Se f ;odayr<f h v$r f ; _c H Kaeav_y D _zp fwJ h

7rufaZmt[kefuGef<ufuae_yD; _r<rif;@ke f;rxGufEd li f@ Smygbl;?

<k<karm f7 J htoufud k jud K ;pm;@ S Laey H k7wJ hw@SL ;@ S L ;toHawGud k

_r<rif;jum;ae7w<f? rsufp de J hr_ri f7ayr<f htckqd k7i f<k<karm f[m

armifarmif7J hzifar$;awG0d ki f ;7HaygufaewJhptd kpud k @Smav;eJ hxd k ; _yD;7ufay;

ae7_yDqd kwm odaew<f? 'Dtodu_r<rif;7J h7rufrD;ud k yd kavmuf_rd Kuf

apygw<f?

Þ td k- -OD ;armi fuuÈe frwd k hud kenf;enf;av;rSwefz d k ;rxm;y J

ol hvd kbud ky Jjunf h _y D ; <kwf<kwfrmrmnpfnpfnrf;nrf;vky fc d ki f ;aewm

odygw<f? 'gayr<f h<ckavmavmq<frSmawmh 'gud kab;cs dwfxm;?

O D ;armifzi fvd k ;r<fqd kwmud k cHjunf hcsi fp dwfawGb<fvd kr Sxde f ;r7bl;?

zi fvd k ;wmud kc Hvd kufr<f- - vd k h ß _r<rif;7 J hp dwfxJr SmawG;awm

a_ymqd kaerdw<f?

7 7

armifarmif[molhudk<fay:uaeausmf_yD; wpfae7m7mudkvufvSrf;

vd kufwmudk _r<rif;odvd kuf7wmajumif h tomrSefxJud kvSrf;junfhvd kuf

awmh c Hwifacgi f ;7i f ;em;r Sm@ S daewJ hacgi f ;vdr f ;qDbl ;ud kvSr f ;<lwm_ri f

7w<f?

acgif;vdrf;qDu taumif;pm;| Øb<fvfu7if;rf× acgif;vdrf;qDyg?

armifarmifvSrf;<lvd kufwm qHyifud kvdrf;z d k hawmhr[kwfbl;? olhvD;u

rwfawmifae_yDav? _r<rif;ud kzifvd k ;awmhrSmrd k h tJ'Dacgi f;vdrf;qDud k

ol hvD;rSmokwfvdrf;rvd k hayg h? _yD;awmh _r<rif;7J hzif0rSmvnf; qDvdrf;

ay;7tH k;r<fav? 'grSzifvd k;7wmtqifacsmr<fr[kwfvm;?

armifarmi fub<fvfu7ifr facgi f ;vdr f ;qDbl;xJuacgi f ;vdr f ;qD

awmfawmfrsm;rsm;ud k vufacsmif;awGeJ huavmf<lvd kufw<f? acgif;vdrf;

qDbl k;u tzH k;yGif hae_yD;om;? tdki f7if;ud kzifcszd k htwGuf 'Dacgif;vdrf;qDbl;

xJuacgif;vdrf;qDawGud ky J 7efyd ki fp d k ;uxkwfoH k ;c J hwmud k ;? tzH k ;awmif

_ye frydwfE d li fy J qDokwf_y D ;wmeJ htd ki f7i f ;ud kwef;zi fcsvd kufvd k h tzH k ;u

yGi f hae_yD;om;toif h@ S daewm?

armifarmifu _r<rif;7J hyg;pyfxJuolhvD;ud k qG Jxkwfvd kuf_yef

w<f? _yD;awmhol hvD;wefjuD;ud kususeeyJqDawGvdrf;aew<f?

7 8

td ki f7i f ;7 J hzi fxJud kxd k ;oGi f ; _y D ;vd k ;aewJ h 7efy d ki fp d k ;7 J hvD ;r Sma7m|

td k- -zifvd k ;c Hae7wJhtd ki f7if;7J hzif0rSmyg 'DqDrs d K ;okwfvdrf;xm;wmud k

_r<rif;awG h7_y D ;om;yg?

tck armi farmi fuvD;ud kqDvdr f ;wmuvnf; ol hud kzi faqmf

z d k hr Se f ;odwmayg h? 'gajumif haumifrav;t7rf;aoG;qlvmw<f? zif0

av;rsm;qd k7if yGpdyGp dav;ud k _zpfvd k h?

Þ cHwifay:wufvd kufprf; aumifrav; ß

armifarmifu_r<rif;ud k cyfwd k ;wd k ;y Ja_ymw<f?

_r<rif;[mjuufoD;awGxoGm;7if; cHwifay:tomvSrf ;wuf

vd kufw<f? armi farmi fucHwifay:omwufc d ki f ;wm? b<fvd ktae

txm;rs d K ;aeay;7r<fvd k hawmh ra_ymbl;?

'gayr<fha_ymaep7mrvd kygbl;? td ki f7if;wpfa<mufvH k ;zifvd k ;c H

ae7wmu rsuf_rify J[m? td ki f7if;ud ktwk<l_y D ; td ki f7if;vd ky Jaeay;

vd kuf@k Hayg h?

7 9

_r<rif;[m zifvdk;cHae7wJhtd kif7if;7J hab;em;rSm tom<SOfv#ufyJ

' l;av;wkwf_yD; zifylawmif;axmifukef;ay;vd kufw<f?

' Dvd k _r<rif;av;bufuke f ;vmwmud k _ri f7awmh armifarmif7 J h

zi fvd k ;wmud kc Hz d k hq d kwm 7e fy d ki fp d k ;o dvd ku fw<f? 7e fy d ki fp d k ;7i fxJr Sm

rauseyfovd kvd k _zp fr dw<f? olu_r<rif;ud k zifaqmfz d k hp dwful;xm;

wmud k ; ? td ki f7i f ;u d kzi fv d k ; _y D ;7i f _r<ri f ;u d kquf _y D ;zi fc sr<fvd k h

tjuHjuD;juHxm;cJ hwm? tckawmh armifarmifuolhxufvufOD;oGm;_yD?

_y D ; awm h _r<ri f ;u d k junf h7wmuvnf ; zi fv d k ; c H z d k htawm fav;u d k

p dwftm;xufoefaeovd ky J? 'Dcsmwdwfri<fi<fav;ud k zifc Hcsi fp dwf

awG_zp fvmatmifvky fay;E l di fwJ harmi farmi f7 J htpGr f ;ud kvnf; 7efy d ki fp d k ;

cs D ;r Gr f;r dyg7J h?

at;av? 'grs d K ;uukefcrf;oGm;Ed li fwmrSr[kwfwm? armifarmif

t7ifp_yD; zifcscsifvnf;csygap? olu_r<rif;7J htys d K7nf| <k<karmf7J h

tys d K7nfawGomru rmvmwifqd kwJ h7c d ki frav;7 J htys d K7nfawGud ky g

7<lvd k ;xm;_y D ; _y Dy J ? _r<rif ;ud kaemufr Szi fc sr<fqd k7i fvnf;7wmyJ?

tc kavmavmq<f <k<karm fvnf ;@ S d aeao;wmy J ? <k<karm fu d k

zi ftys d K7nft7<laqm fvd ku f@ k H ay g h ? _r<ri f ;7 J hzi ftys d K7nfud kawm h

armifarmifyJzsufvd kufygapawmh?

8 0

onfvd kp dwful;7awmhvnf; 7efy d ki fp d k ;7 J hrauseyfovd k _zpfaewJ h

p dwfawGyaysmufoGm;wmayg h? 'gajumif hol ha@S hzifaxmifuke f ;ay;xm;wJ h

A d kvfu_ym;rav;7J hzi fud k xdrd _yif ;xefwJ haqmif hcsufawGe J h cyfr Se fr Se f |

cyf_yif; _yif;quf_yD;aqmif hvd k ;aew<f?

Þ bGyfAspf- -bGyfbGyf- - ß

Þ tm;uÈwfuÈwf OD;7<f- - ß

Þ bGyf- -tif h[if h- -bGyf- -tm;yg;yg; ß

td ki f7if;[mvnf; pkwfoyfnnf;7if; atmf[pf7if;e J hy J emjuif

rS K _yGr f;wJ humrt7omudkc Hpm;_yD; zifvd k ;qufcHaeygw<f?

Zmwfodrf;y d ki f ;ar#m fyg?

8 1

Þ q,fausm foufuav;rsm;(6) ß

armi farmi fuvnf; c Hwifay:wufoGm; _y D ? <k<karm fvnf;

b< fu s e f a ev d r f h r S mv J ? ar mi f a r m i f a e mu fuuy f y go G m ;w< f ?

armifarmif7J hptd kud k quf7ufay;aew<f? tif;- -<k<karmf7J ht_zpf

uvnf; oem;p7myg? td ki f7if;zifvd k ;c H7wmudk olaoaocsmcsm_rifcJ h

7w<f? a[m- -tck_r<rif;ud karmifarmifuzifvd k ;awmhr Smud kvnf;

olodaew<f? _r<rif;odyfzifcHcsifr Se f;vnf; 7dyfrdw<f?

<k<karmfuaum? bmom;eJ hxkxm;wmrd k hvJ? 'Dvd kta_ctaerSm

zi fc H junf hc si fw J hp dw fawGay:vm7awm hwmayg h ? ' gayr<f ho l hzi fu d k

avmavmq<fvdk;ay;r<fhvD;u r@S dao;bl;av?

_r<ri f ; e J ht d k i f 7i f ;w d k htv Sn f h _ y D ; r So l htv Sn f h a7mu fvmr S m ?

'gajumif hzif hvd k ;c Hcsifp dwfawG r@k d ;r@G_zpfvmwdki f; armifarmif7J hzifayguf

ud kr J _yD;7ufay;aewm? 'Dvd k _yKpkay;wmudkwH k h _yefwJ htaeeJ h armifarmifu

ol hud kzi faqmfay;vdr f hr<fvd k hvnf; <k<karm far#m fvif hxm;w<fav?

tif;- -rde f ;rrsm;? td kufwifawGomrsm;aewwfom? t!Smud ki f _y D ;

^Smxefvm7ifawmh b<fvd kr Sratmif htnf;rxdef;odrf;Ed li favmufatmif

_zpfuke f7awmhwmygyJ? <k<karmfr S' Dvd kr[kwfygbl;av? rde f;rtawmf

8 2

rsm;rsm; 'Dtwdki f;csnf;ygyJ?

armi farmi fu _r<rif ;7 J hzi fom;av;E Sp f _cr f ;ud ktomqG J _z J _y D ;

plwlwl_zpfaewJhptd k0av;rSm acgif;vdrf;qDawGokwfvdrf;ay;vd kufygw<f?

Þ eif hzif0ud kvnf; qD@$ J@ $ Jokwfay;7r<f? 'grS zifvd k ;wJ htcg

vD;0ifacsmrSm- - ß

yg;pyfuvnf; a_ymvd kufao;w<f? 'Dvd ka_ym7if;u zif0ud k

okwfay;aewJhvuf!S d K;ud k tomqwfueJzdxd k ;vd kufwm bma_ymaumif;

rvJ? acsmueJud k0ifoGm;awmhwmygyJ?

Þ td k- -[if h- -OD;armif ß

zifxJvuf!S d K ;av#mueJ0ifvmwmu t7omwpfrs d K ;r d k h _r<rif;

7 J hy g ;py fu a7@GwfoHav;ay:xGufoGm;y gw<f? armi farmi fuawmh

_r<ri f ;7 J h zi f0u d k qDo kw fv dr f ;@ k Homruy J vuf! S d K ; e J hx d k ; ar $ _y D ;

vD;0ifvrf;aumif;atmif cs J hae_yefygw<f?

' Dvd kvky fay;wm[mzifvd k ;c H7awmhr<f hr de f ;rud kvD ;juD;xd k ;oGi f ;

8 3

7ifb<fvd kr sm;aerSmygvdr f hvd k hawG; _y D ; pdwfvS Ky f@ Sm;atmifvky fay;7wJ h

enf;vrf;vnf;_zpfygw<f?

_r<rif;[m t7rf;ud kp dwfvSKy f@ Sm;aeyg_y D? odyfvnf;zifvd k ;c H

csifae_yD? raeEd li fawmhbl;?

_r<ri f ;7 J h em ;xJr Sm ysy fy sy fqd kw J htoHav;awGjum;7w<f?

_yD;awmh Þ at;- -[kwf_yD tJ'Dvd k@ Smav;eJ h xd k;_yD;aumif;aumif;

7ufay;prf;ygw@kwfr7 ß qdkwJ harmifarmif7J htoHud kvnf;jum;7w<f?

'gajumif hzi fy lawmif ;axmifuke f ;ay;xm;7vd k h aemufbufud kr_ri fE d li f

ayr<fh <k<karmfuarmifarmif7J hptd kaygufud k quf_yD;7ufay;aew<f

qd kwmodaew<f? ' Dt_zp fawGud k r Se fuaewqif h _ri fE d l i frvm;vd k h

v Sr f ; junf hw<f? tif ;av vrf;ajumi f ;taetxm;vG JoGm;vd k hvm;

awmhra_ymwwfbl;? olwd k h7 J ht7dy ftoGi fawGud k r Se fay:r Smr_ri fE d li f

awm hb l ; ? td ki f7i f ;u d k7e fy d k i fp d k ;zi faqm faewmud ky J r Se fom;ay:r Sm

_rif7w<f?

ol hab;em;r Smab;csi f ;<SO fv#ufuke f ; _y D ; zifvd k ;c HaewJ Htd ki f7i f ;

uawmh w[if;[if;wtif;tif;_zpfvd k h? zifxJud kvD;wefjuD;aqmif hoGif;

8 4

oHawGuvnf; wbGyfbGyfwAspfAspfe J h? td kav? _r<rif;vnf;rjumcif

'Dvd krs d K ; _zpfvm7awmhrSmyJ? odyfrjumygbl;?

armi farmi fu_r<rif ;7 J hzi faygufxJuvuf!S d K ;ud k qwfueJ

qG Jx kwfvd ku fw<f? _r<ri f ;wp fa<muf Ø[i f h ×ue J _zp fo Gm ;w<f?

aemufawmh qDawGp d k@ $ Jatmi fokwfxm;_y D ; _zp fwJ hzi f0r Sm vD;acsmi f ;

xdyfzsm;vH k ;vH k ;juD;vmawhaxmufwmudk cHpm;od@S d7w<f?

zif0rSmqDawG@$ JaewJht_yif vD;rSmvnf;qDawGususeeokwfvdrf;

xm;wmqd kawmh txdtawGhuacsmueJacsmueJe J h tdtdaxG;axG;@ S dvS

w<fav?

vD ;awh _y D ;w<fqd k7i f z do Gi f ;awm hr Smud k _r<ri f ;o dwmayg h ?

zi fx Jud kv D ; ju D ;w d k ;0i fvmawm hr Smav? b<fvd kr sm ;aervJrodbl ; ?

emawmhemr SmtrSe fy J? b<f hE S<f apmufz kwfxJud koGi f ;wke f ;uawmif

emcJ hwm? apmufzkwfxufyd kusOf;wJ hzifaygufxJoGif;wm yd kqd k ;r Smayg h?

armifarmif[m t7rf;ud kz Dvifwufae_yD? awh_yD;w<fqd kwmeJ h

raeEd li fawmhbl;? _r<rif;7J hzifvH k ;vH k ;uspfuspfawGu ukef;_yD;aumhay;

xm;wmajumif hwif;7if ;aewJ ht_yif zif0av;uvnf;p lwlwle J hc sp fp7m

85

av;r[kwfvm;? 'DawmhieJom;b<fapmif hE d li fawmhrSmvJ?

'gajumif hptd k0rSmvD;awh_yD;wmeJ h zdoGif;vd kufwm ØAspfAspfbkbk×

qd kwJ htoHav;eJ hawGtwlvD;'pf_y JvefjuD;[m usOf;juyfaewJ hzifacgi f;

aygufav;xJud k xd k;azguf_rKyf0ifoGm;ygawmhw<f?

Ø tm;yg;- -w<faumif;ygvm;? zifaygufuwif;_yD;juyfae

wmyJ ×

usOf;juyfpD;yd ki fwJ ht7omudk t_ynfht0cHpm;7wmrd k h armifarmif

uauseyftm;7pGma7@Gwfvd kufw<f?

armi farmi fZ dr fawG hoGm;oavmuf zi fvd k ;c Hvd kuf7wJ h _r<rif ;

c_rmrSmawmh roufomygbl;? vD;'pfjuD;xd k ;azguf0ifvmwJh'^fajumif h

ptd k0[musde f;pyfoGm;w<f? t7rf;ud kemwmyJ?

tvd kav;av;? juD;vd kufwJ h[mjuD;@ Si f ? zi f0r Smwpfqd k h _y D ;

us de f ;py faew<f? emvd ku fwmvnf;ra_ymyge J hawm h ? emvGe f ;v SwJ h

a0'emajumif h _r<rif;[m tdyf7mcif ;awGud kvufacsmi f ;e J husp fusp f

ygatmifqkyfvd kufrdw<f?

86

_ r<ri f ;[mtve f hw jum ; _ zp f _ y D ;twi f ; @ k e f ;x Gu f r dw< f ?

'gayr<fhb<fvGwfEd li fr SmvJ? armifarmifu 'grs d K ;ud kodae_yD;om;?

_r<ri f ;v d ktc kr Sp _y D ;zi fc Hz l ;w J h tys d K ay gu frav;ra _yme J h ?

zifvd k ;c Haeus0g7if htrs d K ;orD;juD;awGawmif zifaygufxJvD;pxd k;oGif;wJ h

tcs de fr Sm _idrfrcHEd li fjubl;? atmf[pfnnf;!lju7wmr[kwfvm;?

'DtxmudkodaewJharmifarmifu judKwif_yifqifrSK@S daew<fav?

'gajumif hvD;z doGi f;vd kufwmeJ h _r<rif;7J hcg;usifusifav;ud k ususee

@kef;rxGufEd li fatmif od ki f;zufcsKyfud ki fxm;vd kufw<f?

_r<rif;b<fvd k@ ke f;@ ke f; rvGwfEd li fawmhbl;? aumifrav;c_rm

@ke f;rxGufomwmajumif h nnf;!lawmif;yefae7@Smw<f?

Þ tm;uÈwfuÈwf- -emvd kufwm- -emvd kufwm aoyg_yD

tar7J h aoyg_yD tm;tm; qufroGif;e J hawmhav- -tm; ß

_r<rif;atmfaeayr<fh armifarmifub<faevdrf hrvJ? vD;ud k

quf_y D ;z doGi f ;aew<f? zi faygufuody fjuyf _y D ; vD;uvnf;omre f

8 7

vD;awGxufESpfqavmufud kjuD;wJ hvDwkwfwkwfjuD;qd kawmh oGif;7wm

o dy fwm hrv G< fb l ; ? ' gayr<f hq Daw Gususeeo kw fv dr f ;xm ;wmr d k h

0i fawmh0ifygw<f?

wp fc su fz d c sv d ku fwme J h v D ;uwwp fwp fw d k ; _ y D ; 0i fw< f ?

_r<rif;tzd k hvnf; zifuG JxGufoGm;rvm;xif7avmufatmifud k a0'em

c Hpm;ae7@ Smw<f? td k zi facgi f ;aygufxJr Smqd k t_ynf htody fjuD ;?

tae7vnf;cufvdkufwm?

Þ tm;- -tm; ody femwmyJ- -OD ;armi f7<f? _ye fxkwf

ygawmh- -odyfemw<f- -qufroGif;yge J h tm; tm; ß

_ r<ri f ;[m a jumu fve f hw jum ; y J awmi f ; y e f r dw< f ?

ol hzi facgi f ;xJr SmvD;juD;u_ynf hody fae_y D ; qufoGi f ;7i fawmhzi fvnf;

pkwf_ywfxGufukefr SmyJvd k hvnf; awG;_yD;ajumufaerdw<f?

'gayr<fharmifarmifuawmh wpfcsuf7<farmvd kuf_yD; ol hvD;

juD;ud kqufzdoGi f ;aeav7J h? vD;uvnf;' Dtwd ki f ;wpfwpf_y D ;0ifvmwm

ygy J?

88

Þ orD ;awmi f ;ye fy gw<fO D ;armi f7<f- -emvGe f ;vd k hy g- -

_ye fxkwfygawmh OD ;armi f7 J hvD ;juD;ud kzi fxJuae_ye fxkwfvd kufygawmh

tm;uÈwfuÈwf ß

Þ wdwfwdwfaepr f ;aumi frav;? ei fuzi fc Hc si fw<fqd kv d k h

tckigzifvd k ;ay;aewm? 'DawmhbmrSpum;@SnfraeeJ h? igzifvd k ;wmudkom

quf_yD;cH ß

armi farmi fuawmh wu<f hud k jurf ;onf? enf;enf ;av;r S

r!Sm? vD;ud ky d kvd k hawmif tm;pd kufIzdoGif;onf? vD;uzifxJyd k0ifonf?

_r<rif;r SmemvGe f ;vSaomajumif h zifaygufxJr SvD;wefjuD;uÈwfxGuf

oGm;vd k _im; wifyg;juD;ud k<rf;cgaumhxd k ;junf honf? onfvk dzi fud k

<rf ;cgaumhxd k ;r S Konf vD;ud kuÈwfroGm;aponf ht_yi f zifaygufxJ

vD;y d k0i fvmEd li fatmifaxmuful_yKay;ovd kr s d K ; _zp foGm;7m armifarmi f

uvnf ;tc Gi f h aumi f ;u d ktoH k ;c sv#uf c g ;tm;a7may gi ftm;y go H k ; _y D ;

vD;acsmif;juD;ud kzifaygufav;xJod k h wtm;zdoGif;vd kufavawmhonf?

Þ Aspf- -bk AspfAspf ß

Þ trav; aoyg_yD- -_yJukefyg_yD tm; tm; ß

8 9

Þ i g hv D ; ei f h zi f ay gu fx Jtq H k ; 0i fo G m ; _ y D aumi f rav;7 J h ?

eifod7J hvm; ß

armifarmif7J hauseyftm;7pGma_ymvd kufoHay:vmw<f? [kwfyg

w<f? ol h7 J hq<fvufrausm fausm f@ Sn f _y D ; wpfvufrc G Javmufud k

tvH k;wkwfwJ hvD;wef@Snf@SnfxGm;xGm;juD;[m csmwdwfrav;7J hzifacgif;

usOf;usOf;av;xJtqHk;0ifoGm;yg_y D?

Þ awmuf- -ig hvD ; ei f hzi fxJtuke f0i foGm; _y Dc smwd dwfr7?

w<faumif;uGm? eif hzifxJrSm juyfodyfraebl;vm; ß

armifarmif7J hauseyftm;7pGma_ymvdkufoHudk _r<rif;jum;7w<f?

_y D ;awm hzi fom;tv<fy d ki f ;avmufud k armi farmi f7 J hq D ;py fuvD;ar $ ;

vdrfaumufaumufawGxdrdaewmudkvnf; _r<rif;cHpm;od@S d7_yefw<f?

'gwifb<f[kwfrSmvJ? <k<karmf7J h^Sm0uxGufvmwJhxGufouf

avaEG;aEG;awGuvnf; _r<rif;7J hwifyg;e J haygif_c Hud kxdawG hr daejuw<f?

<k<karm fwpfa<mufvnf; armifarmif7 J hptd kud k7ufay;vd kuf | a~G ;O

wG JvJawGud kukef;p kyfay;vd kufeJ h t7rf;ud ka[mhaeygw<f?

9 0

Þ zifqH kjuD;ud kvSKyfay;prf; csmwdwfr ß

armi farmi f7 J h avoHurmajum_y D ; y d k i fp d k ;y d k i f ei f ;@ S dv Sw<f?

_r<rif;c_rmrSmawmh usOf;juyfvSwJ hzifacgif;aygufav;xJud k vD;wef

wkwfwkwfxGm;xGm;juD;wpfacsmi f ;vH k ;7uf7ufa7ma7mtvd k ;c Hxm;7wJ h

t_yif ememjuifjuifjuD;cHpm;ae7wmqdkawmh zifud kb<fvSKyf7Jr SmvJ?

zifvSKyfr d7ifyd kemoGm;rSmud k ajumufaewmayg h?

' g ayr< f h armi f armi fuawm h v H k ; 0u d k c s r f ;omray ;y gb l ; ?

!Smvnf;r!Smygbl;? olvd kcsifwmudk7atmifquf_yD;apcd ki f ;_yefygw<f?

armifarmifu_r<rif;7 J hvH k ;vH k ;usp fusp fzi fom;av;wpfbufud k

vuf0g;juD;eJ hcyfjurf;jurf;wpfcsuf zsef;ueJ_rnfatmifwtm;@k dufvd kuf

_yD;- - -?

Þ ei h fzi f juD ;ud kv S Ky fay;pr f ;v d k h a _ymaewm rjum;bl ;vm;?

ei fzi fc swmud kp G Jo Gm ;atmi f igvky f _yr<f? rjumci fei f[m ig hu d k

zi fv d k ;y g ? zi faqm fy gq d k _y D ; y g ;py fuud kx kw fa _ym _yvmap7r<f ?

eif hvd k^SmjuD;wJhaumifrav;i<fi<fav;awG7J htxmudk igaumif;aumif;

9 1

uÈr f ;y gw<fuGm? uJ zi fu d komtvd ku foi f hv S Ky fay ; ? ei f h zi fu d k

igaqmif hvd k ;awmhr<f ß

a_yma_ymqd kqd ky Jarmi farmi fu ol hvD;ud kzi faygufxJuw0uf

ausmfausmfavmuf_yefqG Jxkwfvd kufw<f?

Þ OD;armif7<f t7rf;rvkyfyge J h- -bGyf- -tm;uÈwfuÈwf

bGyf- -aoyg_yD tm; ß

_r<rif ;u uref ;uwef ;awmif ;ye fpum;ud ka _ymaewke f ;r Smy J

armi farmi fuvD;ud kzi fac gi f ;ay gufxJ _ye faqmi f ho Gi f ;v d ku fwmajumi f h

_r<rif;c_rmxGef hxGe f hvl;oGm;7_yD; pum;ud kqH k ;atmifawmifra_ymEd li fy J

atmf[pfnnf;!lvd kufrdygw<f?

onfaemufawmharmi farmi f[m _r<rif ;ud kvH k ;0!Smwm_ci f ;

r@ S d awm hy J 7uf7ufpufpufjuD ;u d kquf _y D ;aqmi f hv d k ;y gawm hw<f?

ol hvD ;acsmi f ;wkwfwkwfjuD ;uawmh _r<rif ;7 J hzi facgi f ;aygufav;xJ

t@S de f _yif;_yif; wd k;0if_yefxGuf_yD; t_ywfud kvSKyf@ Sm;aeygawmhw<f?

Þ bGyf- -Aspf- -bGyf- - ß

9 2

Þ trav;av;- -emvScsnf7J h ß

Þ bGyfbGyf- -tm; aoyg_yDO D;armif7<f- -tm; ß

Þ bGyf- -zkwfbGyf- - ß

Þ orD;ud kroem;awmhbl;vm;ODarmif7J h ß

Þ bGyf- -yvGyf- -AspfAspf- -bGyf ß

Þ tm;uÈwfuÈwf emw<f emw<f ß

armi farmi fuwpfc sufaqmi f hvd k ;vd ku favwd ki f ; _r<rif ;[m

xGe f hxGe f hvl ; _y D ; yg ;py fuvnf;atmif[pfnnf;wGm;oHawGay:xGufae

ygw<f?

armi farmi fuawmh ol7 Jp D ;aeovd kw7jurf ;y Jaqmif hvd k ;aeyg

w<f? _r<ri f ;7 J hzi fay gufuav;u usO f ; juy fvd k h aqmi f hv d k ;7wm

p D ;p D ;y d k i fy d k i f e J ho dy faumi f ;w J ht_yi f _r<ri f ;wp fa<mufrc s drqe f h e J h

atmf[pfnnf;!l_yD; qwfqwfwkefatmif_zpfoGm;7rSKuvnf; armifarmif

9 3

7J h7rufrD;yd kawmufavmifvmatmif wd k;Õrif hay;wJ havmifpmawGygyJ?

_r<rif ;c_rmr Smawmh wpfc gr Src Hpm;z l ;ao;wJ htawG htm@ k Hud k

vufawG hc Hpm ;ae7y g _y D ? emvd ku fwmuvnf ;t7r f ;y gy J ? _y D ;awm h

t7om@S dvd kufwmuvnf; ra_ymyge J hawmh? rjumygbl;? emwmeJ h

t7oma7m_y Gr f ;oGm;ygawmhw<f? emjuifwmud ky Jt7omvd k h p G Jruf

c Hpm;wwfyg_y D?

armi farmi fuawmh t@S de fr_ywfwtm;aqmif hvd k ;aewke f ;y gy J ?

tc kq d k7i f _r<ri f ;7 J h zi fac gi f ;[mvnf ; vD ;e J h<O fy g ;v d k ;vmy g _y D ?

ptd k0av;uvnf; tvdkufoif hy Gi f humay;wwfae_yDav? zifjuD;ud kawmh

aumhaxmifay;xm;vk dufwmuvnf; a_ymraeygeJ hawmh?

armi farmi fuaxGaxGxl ;x l ;a _ymqd kapc d ki f ;aep7mawmi frvd k

awmhygbl;? zifqH kjuD;ud kb<fnma0h<rf;vSKyf@Sm;ay;ygw<f? cg;ud kaumh

acgif;ud karmh_yD; ususeezifvd k ;c Haew<f?

'gw<fb<f[kwfrSmvJ? yg;pyfuawmiftomirf;irf;e J hxkwfaz:

a_ymqd kvmygavawmhw<f?

9 4

Þ bGyf- -bGyf- -bGyf ß

Þ tm;- -aumif;vd kufwm- -[if h ß

Þ bGyf- -AspfAspf- -bGyf ß

Þ aqmi f h y g O D ; a r m i f 7 J h - -or D ; z i fu d kwtm ; aqmi f h _ y D ;

vd k ;ay;vd kufprf;yg- - ß

Þ bGyf- -tif h- -bGyf- -tm;yg;yg;@S D ; ß

Þ aqmif h aqmif h- -wtm;aqmif h trav; av; ß

armi farmi fuvnf ;b<faer S mv J ? E d k h E S p fv H k ;u d ku ke f ;q G J _y D ;

w7jurf;ud kzifvd k ;ypfvd kufygawmhw<f?

9 5

tcef;(2)

a<mufsm;ESp fa<muf>wD;wd k ;pum;a_ymoHrsm;u 7Da0@SKy faxG;

aeaom_r<rif;>OD;aESmufud k Ed k ;jum;vmaponf?

_r<ri f ;r S m c Hwi fxufw Gi f ar S mu f7u f ju D ;t dy fIaeonf ?

wkwfwkwfav;rSyifrvSKyf0H hao;? 7uf7ufpufpufjuD;tvdk;cHxm;7av

aomzifaygufav;rSm usde f;pyfum_yif;_ypGmemjuifIaeonf? 'gajumif h

_r<rif;arSmuf7ufuav;_idrfIaerd_cif;_zpfonf?

olr>zifacgif;xJwGifawmh armifarmifv$wfxkwfay;xm;cJ honfh

okwf7nfrsm; _ynf hv# Haeonf? okwf7nftcs d K hzi f0r Syi f<d kp dr f hxGufus

aeonf?

zi faygufuomus de f ;py femjuifaeonfr[kwf? r!SmrwmqG J

tudki fc Hxm;7onfhEd k htH krsm;uvnf; usde f;aeonf? wtm;zspf!Spf_cif;

c Hxm;7onfhEd k hoD;av;rsm;emaeonf? vuf0g;juD;_zif hwzsef;zse f;t@k dufcH

c J h7onfh wifyg;om;rsm;vnf; t7rf;ud kemaeonf?

9 6

'l ;axmufumuke f ;Izifvd k ;c Hc J h7pOfu aygi fwefrsm;anmif;um

'l;acgi f;awGaysm hacGaeonf?

onfvd kwp fuk d<fvH k ;E H k ;c s demjuifaer S Kxuf y d kIqd k ;@ Gm ;onf h

tcsufrSm armifarmifzifvd k ;wmcH7wkef;u t@Sufuif;rJ hp Gmtomirf;irf;

_zpfcJ hy H krsm;ud k _yefa_ymif;owd7aerd_cif;yif?

tJ' Dt_zp fawGud k _r<rif ;vH k ;vH k ; juD ;ar hyp fvd kufc si fy gonf?

enf;enf;av;r#yif_yefrpOf;pm;vd kyg?

'gayr<fhb<fvdkr#arhaysmufxm;vd k hr7?

olrud k<fwd ki f tirf;r7_zpfum| rdr d>zifud kwtm;aqmif hvd k ;

ay;yg7ef armifarmifud kwd kufwGef;a_ymjum;cJ hy H krsm;| armifarmif>7uf

pufp Gmzi fv d k ;aer S Ku d k oabmusE Sp f _c d Ku fp G m zi f ju D ;w<rf ;<r f ; |

acgi f ;av;warm harm h _zi f hc Hc J h7y H kr sm ;ud k olr>rsufp dxJ _ye f _ri fa<mi f

vmonf? a_ymqd kc J honf hnp fnr f ;yufpufonf h pum;ta_ymtqd k

rsm;ud k _yefjum;a<mifvmonf?

9 7

armifarmifut!Smtwmuif;pGmzifvd k;rS Kud k t@Sufuif;rJ hp Gm

cH<lae7if;rS olronf wpfcs D _y D;wpfcs Dqufwd kufqd kovdkyif tjudrf

aygif;ra7rwGufEd li fatmif umrtxGwftxdyfod k h wpfjudrf_yD;wpfjudrf

a7muf@S dc J hy H krsm;| apmufzkwfxJrSapmuf7nfjunfawG wawmufawmuf

<k dusatmifaumif;cJ hy H krsm;ud k _r<rif;b<fvd kr SarhaysmufIr7Ed li fygacs?

rdrdbmajumif honfvd k _zpf7wmvJ? bmajumif hrsm;armifarmifu

rdrdud kyd ki fpd k ;yd ki feif; t@SufuG Jatmifemjuifatmif_yKrl_yD; 7uf7ufpufpuf

zifvd k ;c J honfud k rdrduoabmusumom<mI umrt7omcHpm;cJ h7

ygavoenf;?

_r<rif;rawG;wwfawmh?

armifarmifokwfv$wfay;_yD;I zifxJrSvD;qG Jxkwfvd kufcs de fwGi f

_r<ri f ;r S mowdvp fovd k _zp fum ar Smuf7ufom;vJusoGm ;c J honf?

<cktdyfaysmfae7mrSEd k ;vmovdkvd k _zpfum em;xJwGifa<mufsm;ESpfa<muf

>pum;tcs Dtcsa_ymqd kaejutoHrsm;ud k jum;ae7_cif;_zpfonf?

_r<rif ;onfp dwfud kwif ;um acgi f ;axmifxonf? acgi f ;ud k

vnf;tom<rf;cgonf? onfawmhrSacgif;xJujunfvifvmum

9 8

armifarmif>pum;a_ymoHud k txift@Sm;jum;7avawmhonf?

Þ rif;uvnf; 'gavmufawmifrS@k d ;om;raeprf;ygeJ h7efyd ki fp d k ;7m

igwd k htck aumif;aumif;juD;yGaygufjuHKaewmuG ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;>pum;oHqufjum;7onf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;onftoHcyftkyf

t ky f _zi f ha _ymonf htwGuf oJoJuG JuG Jawmhrjum;7? armi farmi f hud k

uef huGufonfhoabm@S donfvd k hawmhxif7onf?

armifarmif>cyfus<fus<fa_ymvd kufoHxyfay:vmonf?

Þ rif;bmrSajumufaep7mrvd kygbl;uGm? 'DrSm iga_ymwmudk

aoaoc smc s mem ;axmi fpr f ; y g ? ' D c s mw dw fraw G' D a7mu faewmu d k

b<fo lr Sro dy gb l ; ? i gw d k hvufx Jr S maumi frav;i<fi<fac smac sm

av;a<mufawmif7xm;w<fqd kwJ howif;om _zef hay;vd kuf? vmvdkuf

jur<f hie Jom;awG @ k du fowfvd k hawmi fruke fbl ; ? a[m wpfc s Du d k

wpf7m hig ;q<favmufe J hy Jv$wfay;vd kuf | igwd k ht_ywfaxmajumyJuG?

olwd k hu 'Dr÷av;rSm aemufwpf7ufavmufxyfae7tH k ;r Sm? a[m

olwd k h _ye fr<f h7ufa7mufawmh vyfuD;a[mfw<fa@ S h _ye fy d k hv d kuf@ k Hayg h

tm;vH k; aZyJ ß

9 9

armi farmi f><kwfrmyufpufvSaomtjuHtpnfud k jum;7av

aomtcg _r<rif;rSmxdwfvef hwkefvSKyfoGm;onf? tu<fIarmifarmif

tjuHay;onfud k 7efyd ki fp d k ;uvufcHvd kufygu rdrdwd k hr Smaju;pm;Zdrfr<f

awGb0 a7muf7awmhrSmygvm;? armifarmif htjuHuawmh wu<fud k

yd ki fonf? rdrdwd k hr Smolwd k hapcd ki f ;v#if _iif;y<fEd li fonfhtaetxm;ta_c

taevHk;0r@S dyg?

armifarmifupum;qufa_ymae7m _r<rif;onfp dwfvS Ky f@ Sm;

ae7rSKrsm;ud ktomcsKyfwnf;um qufvufIem;axmifaeonf?

Þ 'Dcsmwdwfrav;av;a<mufvH k ; ^SmxefwJ h[mrav;awG

c sn f ;y gy Ju Gm? ri f ;e J h i gawmi f E d l i fatmi frxde f ;E d l i fb l ;r[kw fvm;?

o lw d k huv D ;q d k ir f ; ir f ;wuf _zp f ae juwm? vD ;p k y fq d k p k y fwmy J ?

a~G ;7ufqd k7ufwmyJ? zifuke f ;qd kvnf; uke f ;wmyJ? 'Dvd ktuke ftpH k

r_ii f ;wrf;vky fay;wJ h[mrs d K ;qd k aju;aumif;aumif;7Ed li fwmrif ;vnf;

tod? uJyguGm ig habmf'gawGqDud k tckyJtajumif;jum;vd kufjupd k h

rif;vnf;tvum;ae7if; rESa_rmaeygeJ h? rif;vnf;tm;7atmif 0ifvd k ;

Ed li fwmyJOpPm ß

100

xd kaemufav#mufvSr f ;xGufoGm;aoma_coHrsm;ud k jum;7onf?

_r<rif ;onfa_coHrsm;a0;umaysmufoGm;onftxdtom_i dr fumapmi f h

aeonf? xdkaemuftomxum teD;0ef;usifud ktuJcwfjunfhonf?

c Hwifay:wGi f<k<karm fE Si f ht d ki f7i f ;wd k hr Smvnf;0p fvpfpvpf _zi f h

E Sp f _c d KufpGmtdyfarmusaecJ honf? <k<karmfud karmifarmifESi f h7efyd ki fp d k ;wd k h

E Sp fa<muf0d ki f ;!Sy fIzifE Si f hapmufz kwfud k _y d Ki fwlvd k ;c J h juyH kud k _ye fpO f ;pm;

rdawmh _r<rif;onf<k<karmfud koem;ovdkvd k _zpfonf?

tdyfarmusaeonfud kE S d K ;z d k hawmifr_yKvd k? od k haomfarmifarmif>

peuf_zif hw_cm;a<mufsm;awGwavSjuD;Ttdrfod k ha7mufrvmrD rdr dwd k h

t_refqH k ;xGufoGm;rS_zpfrnfud kpOf;pm;rdaomtcgwGifawmh _r<rif;onf

b<fvd kr SwH k haES;raeawmhyJ <k<karmfESi f htd ki f7if;wd k hud ktwif;0ifES d K ;vd kuf

avawmhonf?

aumi frav;E Sp fa<mufr S m 7uf7ufa7ma7mtvd k ;c Hc J h 7 _y D ;

arm[d kufpGmtdyfaysm faejuonf_zpf7m tawmfud kE S d K ;<l7onf?

aumifrav;ESpfa<mufEd k ;vmjuaomtcg _r<rif;urdrdjum;od

cJ h7onfrsm;ud ktusOf;@k H ;uma_ym_yonf?

101

tdyfcsi fr l ;wl;_zpfaeao;aom<k<karmfr Sm _r<rif;a_ym_yonf

rsm;ud koabmaygufy H kr7? woef;oef;wa0a0ESi f h _ye ftdy fz d k hompdwful;

aeonf? tdkif7if;uom_r<rif;a_ym_yonfrsm;udkem;vnfum a'goa7mif

_zif hrsufvH k ;awGawmufyvmonf?

Þ uJ- -eifurmvmwifud koGm;@ Sm? wd k ht0wftpm;awGud k

r mvmwi fy J 0 Su fxm ;wm? t J' gt0w ftpm ;aw Gu d k y gt7< lvmc J h ?

i g<k<karm fud kaumi f ;aumi f ;E d k ;vmatmi fvky fxm;E Si f hr<f? awmuf

<kwfrmvd ku fw J howW0 gawG? i g _zi f h 'i f ;w d k hu d kE kw fE kw fawmi fpi f ;yp f

csifw<f? ß

td ki f7if;ua'grmeft_ynf h _zif ha_ymonf?

_r<rif;tzd k hrmvmwifud k@Sm7wmodyfrcufyg? odk haomfrmvmwif

u d kt dy fay sm fae7mr SE S d K ; _y D ; Zmwf7nfvnfatmi f@ Si f ; _y7wmuawm h

yd kyifyef;onf?

tmaygufvkrwwf@Si f ; _yawmhr Srmvmwifem;vnfoabmayguf

um odrf;xm;aomt0wftpm;rsm;ud krmvmwifu_yefxkwfay;onf?

102

olwd k hav;a<mufonf t0wftpm;rsm;ud kv#i f _re fp Gm0wfum

tdrfxJrSxGufvmjuonf? wu<fawmholwd k honftawmfud kp Ge f hpm;um

xGufa _y;c J h7onf[kqd k7rnf? olwd k h a7mufaeonf hae7m0e f ;usi f>

vr f ;ye f ;ta _ctaeud k _ r<ri f ;w d k h ro d ju? _y D ; awm htc s d e fuvnf ;

eHeufrd k ;vif;ump?

o d k h aom f _ r<ri f ;>r dbr s m ; r÷av;Zmw d _ zp fon f htw Gu f

u Haumi f ;onf[ kq d k7ayrn f ? _r<ri f ;onfr dbr sm ;a _ympum;u d k

jum;7Ir÷av;ø>teD;0ef;usiftaetxm;rsm;ud k tenf;i<fwD;acguf

rdxm;onf?

xd ko d k hwwfodxm;or#E Si f hyi fp Ge f hpm ;um oGm ;7ayawm hrnf?

ta7;juD ;qH k ;uawmh ai Gaju;yi f ? olwd k hx HwGi fai G<lIbmr#ry g ?

av;a<mufvH k;p kvd kufrS oH k;q<fcef hom7onf?

TtcuftcJud krmvmwifua_z@Si f ;ay;onf? rmvmwifonf

b<ftcs de fwH k ;u b<fvd kjunf hxm;onfrod? 7efy d ki fp d k ;ai Gxm;onf h

ae7mud kodum aiGpuULwpfxkyfoGm;<lvmcJ honf? pkpkaygif;wpfaxmif

ausmfausmfawmh@S donf?

103

vufxJwGifaiG7_yD;aemuf _r<rif;wD;acgufod@S dxm;rS K | td ki f7if;

>_zwfvwfum yg ;7nfenf7nf@ S dr S Kw d k hu d kay gi f ;py fum olwd k honf

ee f ;a@ S ho d k hti Sm ;um;i Sm ;p D ;um a7mufvmE d li f juonf? ee f ;a@ S hw Gi f

r ke f hwD| umzD| vufbuf7nf| yJyvmwmponfwd k hE Si f haumif;aumif;

juD;0r f ; _znf hjuonf? xk daemufum;i Sm;p D ;um vyfuD;a[mfw<fod k h

pwd ki fususyif_yefvmcJ hjuonf?

vyfuD;a[mfw<fa@S hwGif wuUpDay:rSqif;_yD;aemuf _r<rif;u

pdwful;wpfck7vmonf?

Þ igwd k hr÷av;ud koma7mufjuw<f? b<fud kr Sawmifrvnf

ju7bl;? 'Dae h _ye fju7awmhr<f? 'Dawmh' Dvd kvky f? rmvmuaiG<l

oGm; _y D ; trSwfw7yp Pnf ;awGbmawGp H katmi fav#muf0<f? 7e fuke f

_ye fa7muf7i f tJ' DvufaqmifawGay;_y D ; r÷av;r Smigwd k hae7mtES H h

a7mufc J h juw<fqd kwmud k a_ymvd k h7r<f? 'gr Si gwd k hwawG_zp fc si f7m

awG _zp fc J h juwmud k v# d K h0 Su fxm;E d l i fr<f? tc k c kE Sp fem7 Dx d k ; _y D ?

7xm;u q<fem7DxGufr Sm? tcs de fody fr7awmhbl;? _ref _re foGm;_y D ;

_re f _re f _ye fvm? igwd k hu'Dr Sm ypPnf;awGodr f ; _y D ;toif hvky fxm;vd kuf

r<f ß

104

rmvmwifxGufoGm;onf?

_r<rif;| <k<karmfE Si f h td ki f7if;wd k hoH k ;a<mufolwd k htcef;rsm;

@ S d7mod k h wufvmcJ h juonf? q7mra':xm;7if>tcef;a@ S hod k ha7muf

aomtcg oHk;a<mufom;wd ki fyifxm;juovdkyif _yd Ki fwla_cvSrf;wH k h7yf

oGm;juonf?

e Heufapmao;aomajumi f hvm;rod? pjuFe fvr f ;w Gi fv l@ Si f ;

aeonf?

t d k i f7i f ;u a':xm;7i f>tce f ;w Hc g ;em ;o d k h em ;@ Gu fuy fum

em;axmifjunfhvd kuf_yD;- - -

Þ tcef;xJrSmwdwfvd k h? bmoHrSrjum;7bl;? wDcsmuigwd k hud k

vd kuf@Smzd k ht_yifxGufoGm;_yDvm;rodbl; ß

Þ oGm;pr f ;y gt d ki f7i f ;7m? [d kv l juD ;ud katmi fxl ;u ol hu d k

aumi f ;aumi f ; juD ;ud ki faewJ hOp Pm? olb<fenf ;e J hr St_yi fud kx Gufr Sm

r[kwfbl;? tckvnf; tem;<laejuvdk h toHrjum;7wm_zpfr<f ß

105

_r<rif;u olr>xif_rifcsufud ka_ym_yonf?

Þ 'gqd k td ki f7if;wd k hbmvkyfju7ifaumif;rvJ ß

Þ td ki f7i f ;e J h< k<kwd k hE Sp fa<muf yp Pnf ;awGomoGm;odr f ;y g ?

ypPnf;tm;vH k ;ud k{nf hcef;xJcsxm;_yD; tJ'DuyJapmif haejuyg? wDcsm hud k

uÈefrtom0ifES d K ; _y D; ac:vmyg hr<f ß

Þ at;at;- -tJ'gaumif;w<f? vm<k<k ß

td ki f7i f ;u<k<karm fud kac:um cyfoGufoGufxGufoGm;onf?

_r<rif;onf olrud k<folrtawmfav;tH hjoaerdonf? olr>pdwfae

p dwfxm;utp| tppt7m7mxl; _cm;p Gma_ymi f ;vJaeygvm;? _y\em

wpfckud kacgif;aqmifa_z@Sif;ay;Ed li fonfhta_ctaers d K ;od k ha7mufaeonfrSm

tH hjop7myifr[kwfygvm;?

Todk h _zpf7rSKonf 7efyd ki fpd k ; | armifarmifwd k hE Si f h 7uf7ufa7ma7m

umrpy f<Sufc J h7r S Kajumi f h r dr d>aoG ;om;r sm ;E d k ; jum;a_ymi f ;v Jum

i<f@G<fajumufvef haeonfhr de f ;uav;rs d K ;t_zpfrS t7m7mud k7ifqd ki f0 H h

aomr de f ;rom;t_zp fod k ha _ymi f ;vJvm_ci f ; _zp favrnfvm;[k _r<rif ;

106

pOf;pm;rdonf?

tcef ;wHcg ;uaomhcwfum ydwfaeonf? od k haomf' g _r<rif ;

twGufrcufyg? a[mfw<fwm0efcHxHoGm;um tcef;aomhwlwpfckud k

vSnf hywfa_ymqd kum 7<lcJ honf?

_r<rif;onf a':xm;7if>tcef;wHcg;ud k tomav;toHrjum;

7avatmif cyf_znf;_znf;zGi f hI tcef;xJod k ha_cazg heif;um0ifvmcJ honf?

td ki f7if;a_ymouJhod k hyif tcef;onf_idr foufwdwfqdwfaeonf?

t_yifbufwGif rd k ;vif;ae_yD _zpfaomfvnf; tcef;pnf;rsm;csxm;aom

ajumif h tcef;xJwGi farSmi fr d kufv#uf@S daeonf? _r<rif;>rsufpdrsm;

onf arSmi fxJwGi fusi f hom;r7ao;aomajumih f bmud kr #oJoJuG JuG J

r_rifEd li f?

bmyJ _zp f _zp f q7mra':xm;7ifwpfa<muf Ttcef;xJwGi f

@ S d aeao;onfqd k _ci f ;u d k awm h _r<ri f ;aocsmay gu fyi fo daeonf?

_r<ri f ;>obm0todr sm ;u xd ktwd ki f ;a _ymaejuonf? xk d h _yi f

rnfod k haomtm@k Hrsm;u aphaqmfvmonfrod? _r<rif;>aoG;om;qEN

r sm ;E d k ; jum;p _y Kvmonf? rjumr Dx l ; _cm ;aomumrt7omwp fc kc k

107

cHpm;7awmhrnfud k odovdkvd k _zpfaeonf?

_r<rif;onfa@Shodk hqufroGm;ao;yJ tarSmifxJwGifrsufpdusif hom;

7onftxd tomyif7yfaeonf? tcef;xJwGif bmoHr#rjum;7ao;?

od k haomfumr7rufuGefcsmjuD;wpfcku wpfcef;vH k ;ud k<Sufod ki f ;v$rf; _c H K

xm;onfud kawmh _r<rif;cHpm;od@S dae7onf? rdrdud k<frdr d 7rufEG Htd ki f

xJwd k ;0ifaeonf[kvnf; xifrdonf?

arSmi fxJwGi frsufp dusi f hom;7vmaomtcg tdyfce f ;E Si f hwG Jv#uf

@S donf ha7cs d K ;cef;wHcg;jum;rS tvif;a7mifwef;ao;ao;r#i fr#i fav;wck

wd k ;xGufaeonfud k _r<rif;awG h7onf?

_r<rif ;onf toma@S hod k hav#mufvSr f ;vmc J honf? TwGi f

a7cs d K ;ce f ;xJr S ud katmifxl;>oDcsi f ;nD;aeoHtoHcyfwd k ;wd k ;ud k jum;7

onf? ieJom;juD;a7cs d K ;aewmudk;[k _r<rif;pdwfxJwGifawG;rdonf?

_r<rif ;onf cHwif@ S d7mod k htomcsO f ;uyfvmcJ honf? cHwif

@ S d7mae7onf tdy fce f ;>twGi f ;bufar Smi f7 dy fxJwGi f@ S donf? cHwif

ay:ud kawmh oJuG Jp Gmr_rif7? _r<rif;onf a_caxmufESi f hc Hwifp Ge f ;

xdrdonfhtcg toma_cvSrf;ud k7yfonf? _yD;awmhvufud kqef hxkwf_yD;

108

prf;junfhvd kuf7m El;nH htdpufonfhtom;qd ki fud k ud ki fr donf? xd k h _yif

touf_yif;_yif;@ SLoHjum;7_yD;aemuf cHwifay:wGifvJavsmif;v#ufom;

@S daeyH k7aom a':xm;7ifxxkdi fvd kufonfhtoHud kjum;7_yefonf?

Þ b<folvJ[if ß

a':xm;7ifu cyfwd k ;wd k ;ar;onf? a':xm;7iftae_zif h cHwif

em;wGif wpH kwa<mufa7muf@S daeonfud kawmhodygonf? rnfolrnf0g

7<fvd k homroJuG J?

_r<rif;onf a':xm;7if>yg;pyfay:vufuav;tomtkyfvd kuf

_yD; a':xm;7ifab;em;wGif tom0ifxd ki fvd kufonf?

Þ uÈe fr _r<ri f ;y gwDc sm? uÈe frwd k htc k7e fuke fu d k _ye f juz d k h

tcs de fawmifeD;ae_yD? wDcsmhud kuÈefrbmulvkyfay;7rvJ ß

onfar;cGe f ;ud komar;vd kuf7onf? a':xm;7ifxHrSta_z7vdrf h

r<fvdk hrar#mfvif hcJ hyg?

acwWr#wdwfqdwfae_y D ;aemuf a':xm;7i fonfouf_yi f ;wpf

109

csufcsvd kuf_yD; _r<rif;ud ktomayG hzufvd kufonf?

Þ td k- -<rif;7<f- -wDcsmawmh- -odyfud k@ SufwmyJuG<f

wDcsmb<fvd k _zpfcJ h7w<fqd kwm rif;av;rodbl;aemf- - ß

a':xm;7ifu a7@Gwfa_ymqd konf?

xd kwp fc^Yyi f a':xm;7i fr Smbmt0wftpm;r S0wfrxm;y J

yvmusif;v#uf@S dajumif; _r<rif;owd_yKrdvd kufonf? arSmifaeonfh

twGuf rsufpdESi f h _rif7onfawmhr[kwf? txdtawGhrsm;t7 odae_cif;

_zpfonf?

od ki f ;tzufcH7rS Kajumif h _r<rif;onf a':xm;7if>7ifcGi fxJ

od k ha7mufoGm;onf? a':xm;7if>t0wfuif;rJ honfh 7ifom;qd ki ftdtd

xGm;xGm;rsm;ud k rsufESmtyfrdonf?

_r<rif;>Ed k ;jum;p_yKaeaom7rufpdwfawG [kef;ueJjuGwuf

vmonf? aoG;awGqlvmonf? pmwwfae_y D _zp faom_r<rif ;onf

wH k hqd ki f;rae? ajumufvef hrae?

rsufESmud ktomvSnf hum a':xm;7if>Ed k hoD;wpfc kud kyg;pyf_zif h

110

_y Gw fue Jp ky fer f ;v d ku fonf? a':xm;7i fwp fa<mufqwfue Jwke f7i f

oGm;onfud k _r<rif;odvd kufonf? xd k ht_yif Ø[if h × ueJtouf@SL

rSm;oGm;oHud kvnf; jum;7onf?

Þ uÈefrwd k htm;vH k ;odjuygw<fwDcsm7<f? 'gayr<fhp dwfcsyg?

uÈefrwd k hb<fol hud kr S ra_ym_yygbl;? aoaocsmcsmv#d K h0 Sufxm;yg hr<f ß

_r<rif;uxdkod k ha_ym7if; a':xm;7if>Ed k htH kjuD;wpfckud k tom

vuf_zif hqkyfud ki fum yGyfoyfe<fay;vd kufonf?

Þ td k- -<rif;- -'g- -'g- -bmvkyfwmvJ? td k[if h- -

'grs d K ;rvky f7bl;<rif;7 J h- -cufawmhwmygy J? 'Daumifrav; bmrS

em;rvnf@Smygvm; ß

a':xm;7i f>toHu rlrr Se fawmh? p dwfvS Ky f@ Sm ;aeajumi f ;

odomay:vGifonf? yg;pyfuom onfvd ka_ym7onf? a':xm;7if>

vufawGuawmh _r<rif;ud kwif;juyfpGmod ki f ;zufvmonf?

Þ wu<f hud kroif hawmfwJ hudp PawGygy Juav;7m? wDcsm_zi f h

ri f ;ud kb<fvd kvky f _y D ;a_ym7r<frSe f ;awmifrodawmhygbl;? wDcsm hud k<f

wDcsmawmif bmawG_zp fuke fw<fvd k hrodbl;uG<f- -td k- -wDcsm

111

ra_ymcsifbl;? ra_ymcsifbl; ß

_r<rif ;ua':xm;7i fud k tm;ay;E Sp fodr f hovd k tom_ye f _y D ;

zufvdkufonf?

Þ uÈefrwd k hud k bmrSa_ymaep7mrvd kygbl;wDcsm7<f? uÈefrwd k h

[d kzufcef;uae_yD; acsmif;junfhaecJ hjuwmyg? [dkbufcef;e J h' Dbufcef;

_cm;xm;wJ he H7 HwHcg;r Sm tufajumif;@ S daew<fav? tJ' Dtufajumif;

jum;uae acsmif;junfhaecJ hjuwmayg h ß

Tpum;ajumif h a':xm;7iftjuD;tus<f@Suf@G H hoGm;cJ havonf?

Þ tvdkav;- -orD;wd k h[d kbufcef;uae acsmif;junfhaeju

w<f[kwfvm;- -'kuQygyJ tusdK;awmhenf;yg_yD ß

a':xm;7i fu @Suf@ G H hp Gma7@ Gwfonf? r dr dud kud katmi fxl ;u

<kwfrmnpfnrf;pGm pyf<Suf_yKrlc J honfht_zpfrsm;ud k wynfhrav;rsm;

acsmif;junfhawG h _rifoGm;cJ honfht_zpfu q7mra':xm;7iftzd k h wu<f

ud krsufESmrxm;wwfatmif @Sufp7mt_zpfjuD;r[kwfygvm;?

112

_r<rif;onf a':xm;7if>Ed k hoD ;wpfc kud k uke f ;Ipd k hay;vd kuf

_yefonf? a':xm;7if>Ed k hoD;rSmrmajumum axmifxvmae_yD_zpfajumif;

awG h7onf? pd k h7wmyd kaumif;onf? xd k h _yifTodk hE d k hp d k hay;7if; _r<rif;>

7rufpdwfuvnf; xefonfxufxefvm7onf? olr>tzkwftwGif;

bufwGi f apmuf7nfjunfrsm;p d kp Gwfp_yKvmonfud kvnf; _r<rif ;

cHpm;od@S d7_yefonf?

a':xm;7if>touf@SL_refvmonf? xd k ht_yif _r<rif;p d k hay;

aeonfhEd k hud kvnf; rodromaumhIaumhIay;vmonf? @Suf@G H hp dwfawG

rnfr#_zpfae7aomfvnf; a':xm;7ifr Sm_r<rif;Ed k hp d k hay;wmud k odyfud k

cHvd k haumif;aeonf? xdk hajumif h odpdwfurygaomfvnf; aoG;om;awGu

tvd kvd kvS Ky f@ Sm;vky faqmifum <ckvd kE d k ht H k juD ;ud kaumhay;r d _ci f ; _zp f

ayawmhonf?

_r<rif;onf usefEd k hoD;ud kvnf; qufpd k hay;onf? a':xm;7if

y d kItouf@ S L _re fvmum w[if ;[i f ; _zp fvmonf? _r<ri f ;onf

rmvmwif>t_yKtrlrsm;ud k _yefowd7onf? a':xm;7if>wayG hwyd kuf

ud k<fvH k;juD;ud k tm;7yg;7ayG hzufzspf!Spfum yvl;ypfvd kufcsifonf?

od k haomf tcs de fuodyfr@S dawmh?

113

a':xm;7i fu d k u d k atmi fx l ;vufr Sac:x kw fo Gm ;z d k huvnf ;

@S dao;onf?

xd kajumif hE d k hoD;rsm;ud kqufpd k hay;vd kaomfvnf; tompdwfcs Ky f

wnf;v#uf yg;pyfxJrSuÈwfxkwfum pum;a_ymvd kuf7onf?

Þ bmrS@SufraeygeJ hwDcsm7<f? orD;wd k hvnf;wDcsmhvd k tawGh

tjuHKopfawG7cJ hygw<f? 'gawGud kt_yef7xm;ay:usrSy J a_ymjuwm

ayg h ? tc kawm h uÈe frwd k h ' Duaet_re fqH k ;x GufoGm ; ju7atmi f ?

[d kvljuD;awmh a7cs d K ;cef;xJrSma7mufae_yD? _yefrxGufvmao;bl; ß

xd ktcs de fr Smyif rar#m fvif haoma_ymif ;vJcsufawG_zpfvmonf?

ta_ctaeonf wpfrs d K ;wpfzH ka_ymif;vJoGm;cJ h7onf?

114

yxrqHk; a7cs d K ;cef;wHcg; 0kef;ueJyGi f hvmw<f?

a7cs d K ;cef;xJrSmxGef;xm;wJ hr D;tvif;a7mif[mvnf; t_yifbuf

tdy fce f ;x Jud k _zmusvi f ;xde fo Gm ;apwmayg h ? ' gwi fb<f[kwfr SmvJ?

av;ayrD;acsmif;awGu w_zwf_zwfvif;vmw<f?

tdyfcef;xJutarSmifawG tukefaysmufoGm;_yD? vif;xdefvd k h?

Þ [m;[m;[m;- -ud katmifxl;u a7cs d K ;ce f ;xJr Smr@S dawmh

ygbl;? tckxGufvmyg_yD ß

ud katmi fx l ;7 J h ausey ftm;7p Gma7@ Gw fa _ymqd kv d ku fo H ju D ;

ay:vmw<f?

a':xm;7if[m tvef hwjum;yJa7@Gwf_yD; rsufESmud kvuf0g;e J h

tkyfxm;vd kufw<f? ol odyfud k@ Sufaeygw<f? udkatmifxl;b<fvd k

<kwf<kwfrmrmnpfnpfnrf ;nrf ;vky fw<fqd kwmud k a':xm;7i ftod

qH k;yJav? _yD;awmha':xm;7if[m udkatmifxl;ud kvGefqefEd li fwJ htpGrf;

115

r@S dbl;? udkatmifxl;7J hvufckyfxJua7b0udka7mufae7_yD? udkatmifxl;

bmcd ki f;c d ki f ; vkyf7rSmyJ?

_r<rif;av;a@S hr Sm rawmfwa7mfawGvkyfcd ki f ;r Smud k a':xm;7if

odyfud k@ Sufajumufaerdwmayg h? oem;p7mygyJ?

_r<rif ;uawmh qwfueJy Jud katmi fxl ;ud kvSr f ; junf hw<f?

rsufESmwif;wif;e J h ud katmifxl;ud k7ifqd ki fz d k hygyJ?

' gayr<f h ukwifab;r Smud k<fvH k ;wD;e J h7y faewJ hud katmifxl;7 J h

axmifaxmifarmif;armif;| Avaumif;aumif;ud k<fvH k ;ud k<fxnfjuD;u

_r<rif;7J h7rufpdwfawGud k t_ywfud kqG Jaqmifvd kufw<f?

_r<rif;[m 7efawG hcsifwJ hp dwfawG csufcsif;aysmufoGm;w<f?

tif;- -udkatmifxl;7J hud k<fvH k;ud k<faygufuvnf; ̂ SmjuD;_yD;7ruf_yif;

wJ htrs d K ;orD;awGud k t_ywfud kqG Jaqmif!S d K h<lEd li fwJ htquftaygufud k;?

t7yf_rif hw<f? wkwfcd ki fw<f? 'gayr<f h00zd ki f hz d ki f h juD;awmh

r[kwfbl;? uspfuspfvpfvpfeJ hud koefwm? _yD;awmh 7ifbwfrSmuvnf;

tar$;tr#ifawGxlxyfvd kufwm rnf;aewmyJ?

116

y d kq d k ;wmu ud katmi fxl ;e J ha':xm;7i fwd k h t@ Sufui f ;r J hp Gm

umrpyf<Suf_yKr lc J hwmawGud k _r<rif;uususeeawG h _ri fc J h7wmygy J?

ud katmifxl;b<favmuftvdk;jurf;| tvdk;oefw<fqd kwmudk rsuf0g;

xifxifawG hc J h7wmygyJ?

'gajumif hud katmifxl;ud k yvmudk<fvH k;wD;juD;eJ h eD;e D;uyfuyf

_rif7wJhtcg _r<rif;[mw^SmpdwfawG[kef;ueJxvm_yD; w_cm;bmudkrS

rodEd li fawmhatmif _zpfoGm;7wmayg h?

' g[mvnf; rde f ;rawG7 J hobm0tm;enf;csufvd k hqd k7rvm;rod

ygbl;? olwd k h[mw_cm;tcs de fawGr Sm b<favmufyJcyfwif;wif;rmae

ygap| ^Smxef_yD;7rufxefvm7ifbmudkr Srodawmhbl;? tvdk;cHcsifp dwf

awGuom i<fxdy fud kwufaeawmhwmygy J? âa_ENawG| oduQmawG

tukefab;cs dwf| a'goawG| 7efvd kr S KawGud kvnf; tm;vH k;acguf?

_r<ri f ;[m umrp dw faw Gt7r f ;E d k ; jum ;rvm7avatmi f

jud K ;pm;_y D ;awmh xde f ;ygao;w<f? 'gayr<f h b<fvd kvky fxde f ;E d li f

awmhrSmvJ?

rjunfhygbl;vd k hxdef;aewJhjum;uyJ _r<rif;7J hrsufvH k;tjunfhu

117

udkatmifxl;aygifc Gjum;ud ka7mufoGm;w<f? wGJvJusaewJha~G;OjuD;awG

eJ h rawmif hwawmifrmefaysmhacGaewJhvD;acsmif;juD;ud kjunfhrdw<f?

aumifrav;rsufvH k ;tjunf hb<fud ka7mufoGm;w<fqd kwmud k

odvd kufwJ htcg udkatmifxl;u tm;7yg;7ud k _yH K;r dw<f? olurdef;rawG

tajumif;aemajuaewJhol? 'Dtjunfhav;ud k _rifwmeJ h 'Daumifrav;

_r<rif;ud kolyd ki f _y Dqd kwm odwmayg h?

ud katmifxl;u olhvD;juD;ud kvufeJ htomudki f _yD;aqmhay;vd kuf

w<f? aysmhacGaewJhvD;juD;[mvnf; csufcsif;ud ktouf0ifvmygw<f?

awGh_rifae7wJh_r<rif; juufoD;av;awGawmifxoGm;w<f? rsufvH k;

tjunfhud kvnf; b<fvd kr Sv$ Jz<fvd k hr7Ed li fawmhbl;?

Þ eifwd k huacsmif;junfhaejuwmayg h? tif;- -igvnf;txif

om;yJ? b<fvd kvJ? eifwd k hq7mrudkigvd k ;wmawG junfhaumif;w<f

r[kwfvm;? 'Dvd kjunf h _y D ;ei fwd k hwawG tvd k ;c Hcsi fp dwfaumray:vm

bl;vm;? ig hvD ;b<favmufjuD ; _y D ; igb<favmuftvd k ;awmfw<f

qd kwmud k eifrsuf_rifod_yD;_y Dayg h? [kwfp ß

ud katmifxl;7 J hcy fjurf;jurf;e J h npfnpfnrf;nrf;a_ymvd kufwJ h

118

pum;awGu _r<rif;7J hem;xJud k twHk;vd kuftwpfvd kuf0ifoGm;wmyJ?

_r<rif ;[mud katmi fxl ;ud k b<fvd kr Sta_zray;7 Jy gbl ; ? 'gayr<f h

aumifrav;7J hrsufvH k;awGu vD;ud kaqmhay;aewmudk rsufawmifrcwf

wrf;yJ pl;pd kufjunfhaerdw<f? 'Dvd kjunfh7if;pdwfyd kxvmw<f? touf

@SLyd k _yif;vmw<f? rsufvH k;awGvnf; ta7mifyd kawmufvmw<f?

Þ udkatmifxl;7<f- -'Daumifrav;u i<fi<fav;@S dygao;

w<f? q<fhav;ESp fawmifr_ynf hao;bl;? ol hud kawmhrjuHpnfyge J h@ Si f

raumif;ygbl; ß

a':xm;7i fu toHw ke fw ke f7i f7i f e J h awmi f ;ye f@ S mw<f ?

a':xm;7if[m wu<fvnf;ajumufvef hae@Smygw<f?

Þ oGm;prf;yg? 'Daumifrav;u cifAsm;Ed k hoD;awGud kp d k hay;aewkef;

uawmh cifAsm;aumif;aumif;juD;r S de f ;aecJ hw<fr[kwfvm;? zufrsm;

awmifzufvd kufao;w<f? tJ' Dwke f ;uawmh 'Daumifrav;i<fao;

wmwd k h | q<f hav;E Sp fr_ynf hao;wmwd k hqd kwmawGud k ci fAsm;pO f ;pm;

rd7J hvm; ß

ud katmifxl;u avoHrmrmeJ h _yefa_ymw<f?

119

a':xm;7ifud ky g ;py fua_ymae7if ; _r<rif;7 J hvufwpfbufud k

tomav;<l_yD; cyfat;at;yJol hvD;wefjuD;ay:ud k tomwifay;vd kuf

w<f? tpuawmh_r<rif;[m ol hvufud kqwfueJ_yef@ kwfvd kufrvd k h

ygyJ? 'gayr<fhrmawmifp_yKae_yD_zpfwJ hvD;wefjuD;ud k vufz0g;EkEkav;eJ h

xdawG hr dvd kufwJ htcg _r<rif;7J h7ruftm@k HawGud k ES d K ;qGÕrif hwifay;wJ h

cvkwftES dy fc Hvd kuf7ovdk_zpfoGm;w<f? zDvifawGt7rf;wufvmw<f?

7rufaoG ;awGt_ywfqla0vmw<f? umrp dwfawG _yi f ; _yi f ;xe fxe f

Ed k ;jum;vmw<f?

vufudk_yef@kyfvdkufzd k ha0;a7m| rmawmifp_yKaewJhvD;acsmif;juD;udk

tomqkyfud kifvd kuf_yD; tomav;awmifyGwfoyf_yD; ~Gif;wd kufovdkawmif

vky fay;aevd kufy gawmhw<f? vD;juD ;[m olrvufxJr SmqwfueJ

qwfueJvSKyfvm_yD; yd kvd k hrmawmifvmwm _r<rif;od7w<f? udkatmif

xl;uvnf; _yH K;_z D;_z D;juD;_zpfvd k h? odyfud kauseyfESpfcs d KufoGm;rSe f; odom

w<f? udkatmifxl;ud k' Dvd kauseyfoGm;atmifvkyfay;Ed li fwmudk _r<rif;

0rf;omrdw<f? tckqdk7if_r<rif;7J hpdwfxJrSm udkatmifxl;auseyfoabm

usatmifvkyfay;csifwJ hp dwfawGu odyfud k _yif;_yaejuyg_yD? 'Dpdwft_yif

w_cm;bmudkr Sr@S dawmhbl;? 7rufaZm7J haus;uÈefrav;b0udk _r<rif;

a7mufoGm;_yDvd k h a_ym7rSmayg h?

120

q<fausmfouft@G<f rdef;uav;i<fi<f_zpfayr<fh _r<rif;7J h

yg;pyf| zif| apmufzkwfoH k ;aygufvH k ;u vD;eJ h<Ofyg;_yD;_y Dav? vD;7J h

t7omud k aumif ;aumi f ;odaeju_y Dav? ud katmi fxl ;7 J hvD ;juD ;u

t7omxl;ay;Ed li fr<fqd kwmud kvnf; _r<rif;7J h Ør× obm0aoG;om;

aw Gu tv d kv d ko d a e juw< f ? v d kvm ; awmi f hwae juw< f ?

Þ <ri f ;7< f- -uav;7<f- -' ku Qawm h _zp f awm hr< f

xifyg7J huG<f- - ß

q7mra':xm;7ifu <lusH K;r7yJa_ymw<f? toHu id koHygae

w<f? p dwfy suftm;avsm hr S KawGuvnf; ododomomjuD ;r S Dw G Jv d k h ?

u d k atmi fx l ;u a':xm;7i f7 J h rme ftm;v H k ;u d k ac sz su ftE d l i f< l _y D ;

aumif;aumif;cs Ky fud ki fxm;Ed li f _y Dr d k h ud katmifxl;juHpnfvkyfaqmifwm

awGud k a':xm;7ifc_rmraumif;rSe f;odayr<fh b<fvd kr S[ef hwm;Ed li fwJ h

p Gr f ;tm;r@S dygbl;?

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b<fodr SmvJ? _r<ri f ;wp fa<muf taygufoH k ;ay gufvH k ;p H k atmi f

vD;toGif;cH7_yD;_yDvd k hvnf; b<fxifrSmvJ? _r<rif;ud k i<fi<fEkEk

121

tysdKaygufrav;vdk hy J xifaewmaygh? tysd Kaygufrav;_r<rif;wa<muf

ol hrsufapha@S harSmufrSmyJ ud katmifxl;7J htys d K7nfzsuf| wufvd k;wmcH7

awmhrSmygvm;qd k _y D; pdwfraumif;_zpfaew<f? _r<rif;[m olhwynfh

rav;qd kawmh q7mra':xm;7ifrSm apmif ha@Smufxdef;odrf;ay;zk d hwm0ef

@ S dw<fav? tckawm h b<fvd kr SrumuG<frapmi f ha@ Smufay;E d li fy J

' Dtwd ki f;junfhae7rSmrd k hvnf; pdwfrcsrf;rom_zpfae@Smygw<f?

a':xm;7if[m wwfEd li for#a_zodr f hay;wJ htaeeJ h _r<rif;7 J h

qHyifuav;awGud k tomyGwfoyfay;vd kufygw<f? udkatmifxl;ud kawmh

bmrSa_ymqd kuef huGufraeawmhygbl;? a_ymqd kuef huGufvd k hr7rSe f ;vnf;

odw<fav?

Þ at;- -'Dvd k _i dr f _i dr foufoufaeprf;yg rxm;7? cifAsm;

vnf; vD;t7omcHbl ; _y D ;om;y J? _y D ;awmhody fud k^SmjuD; _y D ; vD;e J h

tv d k ; c H 7z d k hq d k 7i f bmy J _ zp f _ zp fv ky f ay ;r< f h r d e f ; rq d kwmu d kvn f ;

us Ky fuaz:xkwfoufao_yc J h _y D ; _y D ? uJ- -'Daumifrav;_r<rif ;7 J h

t0wfawGud kcÈwfay;vd kufprf;- - ß

udkatmifxl;u a':xm;7ifud ktrdef hay;apcd ki f;vd kufygw<f?

122

_ r<ri f ; r S m awm h p dw fu d kb< fv d k r Sx d e f ;v d k h r 7awm hb l ; ?

wpfud k<fvH k;vnf; iSufzsm;wufovdkwkefae_yD? a':xm;7ifu _r<rif;

0wfxm;wJ htuôsus<foD;awGud k cyf_ref_refyJ_zKwfaeyg_yD? ud katmifxl;

c d ki f ;vd k hom vkyfay;ae7wm? 'Dtvkyfud kody f@ Suf@ G Hw<f? 'gayr<f h

bmajumif hr Se f ;rodbl;? _r<rif;ud k tckvd kt0wfawGcÈwfay;ae7wJ h

q7mra':xm;7if7J h umr7rufqENawG[mvnf; w[kefxd k ;y JE d k ;jum;

vmjuw<f?

_r<rif;7J htuôsuÈwfoGm;_yD?

tay:y d k i f ;r S m b7mp D<mav;y J pnf ;aE S mi fv #u fom;@ S d ae

awmhw<f? a':xm;7ifu _r<rif;7J hxrDud kcÈwfzd k h cg;jum;rSm!Syfxm;

wJ htxufqifpud k qG J _zKwfvd kufwJ htcs de fr SmyJ ud katmifxl;7J hnmvufu

_r<rif;7J hvnf~kwfud k qkyfud ki f _y D;qG J<lvmw<f? olhb<fvufuawmh

vD;ud kud ki f _y D ;~ Gi f ;wd kufay;aewJ h _r<rif;7 J hvufud ktomav;z<fxkwf

ypfvd kufw<f?

ud katmifxl;bmvkyfc d ki f ;awmhr<fqd kwm _r<rif;odvd kufyg_y D?

'gajumif hud katmifxl;u vnf~kwfud kud ki f _y D;qG J<lvd kufvd k h acgif;av;

atmufud kud ki f ;usvmwJ htcg _r<rif;7J hyg;pyfuav;[m tvdkufoif h

123

[v#ufom;_zpfoGm;w<f?

ud katmifxl;u_r<rif;ud k ol haygi fjum;rSm rsufESmtyfv#uf

om;_zp foGm;atmi f qG Jc svd kufwm? tvd kufoif h[ay;wJ h _r<rif ;7 J h

y g ;py fu rwfawmifaewJ hvD;juD;7 J hxdy fy d ki f ;ud ki H kr dw<f? iH kr dw<fqd k

wmeJ h _r<rif;uvnf; ES kwfcrf;av;ESp fc kud kp k _y D ; tompkyfay;vd kuf

awmhwmygy J?

Þ td k- -<rif;av;7<f- -_zpf7avuG<f ß

'Dvd kvD;ud k yg;pyfeJ hi H kp ky fay;vd kufwJ htcs de fr Sm q7mra':xm;7if7J h

rcs dwifuJa7@Gwfvd kufoHud k _r<rif;jum;7w<f?

aumi frav;u wpfc sufr Sr _ii f ;y J vD ;ud ki H kp ky fay;vd ku fwJ h

twGuf a':xm;7i fx dw fve f hw ke fv S Ky fo Gm ;wmuawm h tr Se fy gy J ?

'Dvd kvG<fvG<fav;_zpfvmr<fvd k h oluxifrxm;cJ hwmudk;? tysd Kayguf

uav;_r<rif;[m tajumuftuefawmh_ii f ;qef@ ke f ;uefvdr f hr<fvd k h

xifaewm? tckawmh txifeJ ht_rif ygpifatmifud kvG JoGm;_yD?

tJ- -wcsde fwnf;rSmyJ a':xm;7if7J h7rufpdwfqENawG[mvnf;

124

yd krd kE d k ;jum;vmw<f? olhvufawGu _r<rif;7J ht0wfawGudk yd k _yD;_ref_ref

c Èwfay;w<f? txufqif _y KwfoGm ; _y D ; a_yav#musvmwJ hxr Dud k

qwfueJqG JcÈwfcsyp fvd kufwm cHwifatmufud kuGi f ;vH k ;av;yH kusoGm;

wmyJ?

ud katmifxl;u _r<rif;7J hacgif;ud k ol haygifjum;xJyd kz dcsw<f?

'DawmhvD;uvnf; yg;pyfxJyd k0ifvmwmayg h? vD;'pfxdyfzsm;u _r<rif;

7J htmacgifud kaxmufrdwJ htxd?

tckqd k7if ud katmifxl;7J hvD;juD;[m pHcs de f _ynf hud kawmifrwf

vd k haeyg_yD? ud katmifxl;7J hiyJu 12vufravmuf@Snf_yD; bdvyf7nf

ykvif;zif0d ki f ;avmufud kwkwfwmaemf?

'Dawmh _r<rif;qd kwJ hcsmwdwfrav;tzd k h vD;wacsmif;vH k ;yg;pyf

xJ0ifatmif b<fvdkvkyfiH kp kyfEd li fr SmvJ? w0ufomomavmufyJ0ifw<f?

'gawmifvD;'pfjuD;u tmacgifud kaxmufrdae_yD?

_r<rif;u 0ifaewJhtyd ki f;ud ky J tm;7yg;7pkyfay;w<f? vD;wef

vH k ;ywfud k @ Smav;e J h7p fywf_y D ; 7ufay;w<f? 7efy d ki fp d k ;7 J hvD ;a7m|

armifarmif7J hvD;a7m pkyfay;cJ hz l;wmrd k h vD;pkyfwmudkvnf; txmayguf

125

aeyg _y D ?

Þ tm;yg;- -aumif;vd kufwmuGm? 'Daumifrav;u q<fhav;

ESpfom@S dao;ayr<fh vD;pkyfawmhwwfae_yD? olb<fvd kvD;pkyfay;w<f

qd kwmudk cifAsm;awmifjunfh_yD; enf;<lzd k haumif;w<f [J[J[J ß

_r<ri f ; p k y f ay ;wmu tawm fu d k c Hv d k h aumi f ;wma jumi f h

ud katmifxl;u a':xm;7ifud kvSrf;a_ymvd kuf7wJhtxdyJ?

a':xm;7i fvnf ;raeE d li fawm hb l ; ? q7mroduQmawGbmawG

ud kvnf; cGmcsypfvd kuf_yD?

_ r<ri f ; 7 J hb7mp D<mav;u d k cy f _ r e f _ r e f c Èw f c G m c sw< f ?

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tomqkyfud ki fw<f? Ed k hoD;acgi f ;av;ud k vufreJ htomyGwfay;w<f?

_r<rif;[m zdef;ueJ@S de f ;ueJud k _zpfoGm;7w<f?

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cifAsm;ud kzifvd k ;ay;7if; usKyfar;cJ hwkef;u 'Daumifrav;7J hapmufzkwfud k

7ufay;p ky fay;c si fw<fvd k h ci fA sm ;a _ymc J hwmud k r Swfr dao;7 J hvm;?

tck cifAsm;ud ktpkyfcd ki f ;z d k h tcs de fus_yDxifw<f? cifAsm;eJ h' Daumifrav;

126

wpfa<muftzkwfud kwpfa<muf7ufay;juwmud k usKyfxd ki fjunf hprf;

r<f ß

ud katmifxl;7J h yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fa_ymqd koHud k _r<rif;jum;7w<f?

td k- -ud katmifxl;vky fc d ki f ;wJ htvkyfu wu<fhud kt@Sufuke fapr<f h

tvkyfygvm;? 'gayr<fhola7m| q7mra':xm;7ifa7m udkatmifxl;7J h

apcd ki f ;csufud k r_iif;E d li fjubl;qd kwm _r<rif;odygw<f? vkyfay;7

rSmyg?

a':xm;7i fu vD;p ky fay;aewJ h _r<rif ;ud k tomqG J<lvd kuf

w<f? _r<rif ;7 J hy g ;py fxJuvD;acsmi f ; juD ; _y Gwfqd kt_yi fxGufoGm;

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v S Jo dy f ay ;v d ku fy gw<f ? _y D ; awm ho lu d k< fw d k i fvnf ; _r<ri f ;7 J h

tay:uyf7ufom; arSmuftdy fcsvd kufw<f? trs d K ;orD;E Sp fa<muf7J h

qD;pyfcsif;vnf; xduyfrdoGm;wmayg h?

q7mra':xm;7ifu ol htay:xyf7ufae_y D ; apmufz kwfcsi f ;

z duyfyGwfay;awmhrSmud k _r<rif;odvd kufyg_yD? 'Dvd krs d K ; rmvmwifvnf;

vkyfay;zl;wmyJ? _r<rif;uvnf; 'grs d K ;ud kvk dvm;oabmusygw<f?

127

Þ <rif;7<f- -rif;av;ud k' Dvd kt_zpfrs d K ;e J hjuHKatmifvkyfovdk

r s d K ; _zp fwmud k wDc smp dw fraumi f ;y gb l ;u G< f ? ' gayr<f hw Dc smw d k h

o lc d ki f ;wmud k rvky fy J _ii f ;vd k h7r Smr[kwfbl ; ? olc d ki f ;ovd krvky f7i f

twif;tjuyfud k@ k dufE SuftEd li fusif h _y D ; vkyfc d ki f ;r SmyJ? wDcsm hud kvnf;

' Dv d ktE d l i fu si f h _ y D ; np fnp fyw fyw ftvky f aw Gv ky fc d k i f ; c J h _ y D ; y g _y D ?

td k- -bmawGvky fay;c J h7w<fqd kwm wDcsma_ymawmifra_ym0H hawmh

y gb l k ;u G< f ? ody fu d knp fnr f ;p kw fy J hwmy J ? ody fa jom hE Sv H k ; emp7m

aumif;wmyJ ß

q7mra':xm;7i fu _r<ri f ;7 J hem ;@ Gufem;ud ky g ;py fe J huy f _y D ;

w D ;w d k ; a _ym jum ;y gw<f ? ti f ;- -np fnr f ;p kw fy J hw J htv ky f aw G

vky fay;7w<f bmnma_ymaeayr<f h a':xm;7i f7 J hpum;oHxJr Sm

7rufcd k ;awG_ynf hv# Haewmud k _r<rif;tuJcwfrdwmayg h? 'gwifb<f

[kwfr SmvJ? ' Dpum;awGa_ym7i f ; a':xm;7i f7 J hzi f juD;wvSKy fvS Ky fe J h

vSKy f@ Sm;ae_yefw<f?

a':xm;7if7J hapmufar$;awG awmxatmifaygufaewJ hqD;pyfu

_r<ri f ;& J htar $ ;wyi fwavawmi fray gu fao;y J a _ymi f@ S i f ; aew J h

qD;pyfE kE kav;ud k yGwfwd kufr daeygw<f? aumifrav;ud kvnf;t7rf;

p dwfvS Ky f@ Sm ;oGm;apwmayg h ? tzkwfcsi f ;vnf; rxdwxdy Gwfr dae_y D ?

_r<rif;u aygifESp facsmif;ud kum;ay;vd kufwJ htcgusawmh a':xm;7if7J h

128

apmufzkwfjuD;eJ h _r<rif;7J hapmufzkwfav;wd k h tdueJaeatmifxdrdju

w<f? trsd K;orD;ESp fa<mufvH k;z de f;ueJ@S de f ;ueJ_zpfoGm;ju7_yD?

'gayr<fhieJom;ud katmifxl;uawmh 'Dvd ktzkwfcsif;uyf_yD;yGwf

ay;wmudk odyftxmrjunfbl;?

Þ igu a_cmufq<fhud k ;yH kp He J h wpfa<muftzkwfwpfa<muf

t_ye ftvSe f7u fc d k i f ;wm aumi fr ju D ;7 J h ? ' Dv d ktz kw fc si f ;uy f _y D ;

yGwfcd ki f ;wmr[kwfbl; ß

u d k atmi fx l ;u cwfqwfqwfa _ymw<f ? ' Daemu fawm h

a':xm;7i f7 J hzi fom;juD;wpfbufud k vuf0g ;e J hwtm;@ k dufc svd kufwm

zsef;ueJtoH_rnfw<f?

` Þ trav;ud katmifxl;7J h vkyfyg hr<f@Si f h ß

a' :xm ;7i fwp f a<mu f y g ; py fuatm f[p f awmi f ; ye f 7i f ;

csufcsi f ;y J _r<rif;7 J hud k<fay:wufcGxm;7mu ab;ud kvS dr f hqif;oGm;

w<f? yufvufvSef_yD;aygifjuD;ESpfacsmif;ud kvnf; um;ay;vd kufw<f?

129

udkatmifxl;u_r<rif;7J hvufarmif;ud kqkyfud kif_yD; cyfjurf;jurf;

q G Jx lw<f? _y D ;awm hyufvufvSe f _y D ;ay gi fum;xm;wJ ha':xm;7i f7 J h

ud k<fay:udk a_ymif;_yef_zpfatmifqGJwifvdkufw<f? _r<rif;7J ha_caxmuf

awGu a':xm;7i f7 J hu d k<fay:c Gv#ufom;? _r<rif ;7 J hac gi f ;uawmh

a':xm;7i f7 J hay gi f jum;tay:r Sm? ud katmi fxl ;u_r<ri f ;7 J hac gi f ;u d k

a':xm;7i f7 J hum;ay;xm;wJ haygi f jum;xJ tyfv#ufom;usoGm;atmif

wtm;yJzdcsvd kufw<f?

Þ ud ki f;- -aumifrESpfaumif 7ufjuayawmh? wpfa<muf

apmufzkwfud kwpfa<muf @SmeJ hysyfysyf_rnfatmif tm;7yg;77ufay;ju

r<f? rxm;7 rif;a_ymwm[kwfw<f? 'Daumifrav;u rif;wynfhr

av;awGxJrSm t_zdK;qH k ;y J? ti<fqH k;y J? junfhprf;ygtH k ;? apmufzkwfrSm

apmufar$;awmifraygufao;bl;? uJ- -uJ tJ'DapmufzkwfEkEkav;ud k

tm;7yg;77ufay;vd kufprf;? uJ- -aumifrav; eifuvnf;rxm;7J h

tzkwfjuD;ud k7ufayawmh ß

pum;qHk;wmeJ hud katmifxl;u _r<rif;7J hrsufESmud k a':xm;7if7J h

apmufzkwfay:ususeezduyfrdoGm;atmifud k zdcsvd kufw<f? bma_ym

aumif ;rvJ? pGwfp d kwJ ha':xm;7if7 J hapmufz kwfjuD;ay:ud k _r<rif;7 J h

y g ;py fu ususeeud ky dusoGm;awmhwmyJ? a':xm;7if7 J hapmufar $ ;u

130

tawmfud kx lw<f? vdr faumufaewJ hapmufar $ ;awGu _r<ri f ;7 J h

ar;aph| yg;_yife J h ESmacgif;awGud kxdaejuw<f?

tJ' Dtc d kufr Smy J p Gwfp d kw J h@ Smwpfc ku ol htz kwfuk dvmxd_y D ;

ysyfueJ7ufay;vd kufwm _r<rif;cHpm;vd kuf7w<f? td k- -_r<rif;7J h

wpfud k<fvH k ; wkefoGm;wmyJ? juufoD;awGuvnf; wzsef;zse f;xvdk h?

ESvH k ;c ke foHuvnf; w'def;' de f;?

a':xm;7i f7 J hapmufz kwfte H hud kvnf; _r<rif ;aumi f ;aumi f ;

@ S Lr dae7_y D ? a':xm;7i f[mumr7rufp dw fawGt7r f ;E d k ; jum;aewm

qdkawmh apmufzkwfuvnf;awmifae_yDav? apmufaphav;awmifvd k h?

apmufzkwfES Kwfcrf;om;juD;awGazgi f;vd k h ? apmuf7nfjunfawGuvnf;

@$ Jvd k hpd kvd k h?

_r<rif;[m r7Jw7JeJ hyg;pyfav;ud ktom[| @Smav;ud kwpfvpf

xkwf_yD; r_yJw_yJ_zpfaeavwJha':xm;7if7J hapmufzkwfud k tom7ufay;

vdkufw<f?

' Dvd k7ufay;vd kufwJ htcs de fr Smy J ol hatmufr Sm@ S daewJ hq7mr7J h

ud k<fvH k ;juD;qwfueJwkefoGm;wmudk _r<rif;odvd kuf7w<f? 'g ht_yif

131

a':xm;7if7J hyg;pyfu tdueJtoH_rnf_yD; avylawGrS Kwfxkwfvd kufwm

ajumif h olr7J hapmufzkwfw0d kuf aEG;ueJvnf;_zpfoGm;w<f? q7mr

a':xm;7ifwpfa<muf apmufzkwfud k7ufay;vd kufwJ htwGuf t_ywfud k

t7omawGhoGm;w<fqd kwmudk _r<rif;aumif;aumif;juD;odvd kuf7yg_yD?

a':xm;7if7J hvufawGu _r<rif;7J hwifyg;vH k;vH k;uspfuspfav;udk

od ki f;zufqkyfud ki fvmjuw<f? odki f;zuf@k H | ud ki fwG<fyGwfoyf@k Hawmif

r[kwfygbl;? atmufud ky d ke dr f husatmifqG Jaew<f? _r<rif;7J hwifyg;juD;

atmufbufyd kusvmw<f? 'Dawmhapmufzkwfav;[mvnf; atmufu

arm h _y D ;7ufay;aewJ ha':xm;7i f7 J hr sufE Smay: y d k _y D ;y dusoGm ;wmayg h ?

r[kwfbl;vm;?

a':xm;7if[m_r<rif;ud k judwf_y D ;oabmusaecJ hwmjumyg_y D?

a':xm;7if[ma<mus fm;@ Smwpfa<mufr[kwfayr<f h vifaooGm;_y D ;

r kqd k ;rb0rSma<mus fm;awGe J h wwfE d li for#cy fwif ;wif ;a@ Smi faec J hwm

qdkawmh rde f;rcsif;yJtaygif;toif;vkyfae7w<fav? 'Dawmhrde f;rcsif;

pG Jvef;wyfrufrSKawG tvdkvd k _zpfay:aecJ hwmayg h? txl;o_zif h _r<rif;vd k

i<fi<fE kE kacsmacsmr de f ;rys d Kav;awGud k a':xm;7ifody foabmuswm

ayg h? bm7<fvd k hr[kwfayr<fh 'Dvd ki<fi<f@G<f@G<frde f;uav;awGud k

ayG hvd kufzufvd kufeJ hxdawG hae7wmudk a':xm;7ifom<mrdw<f?

132

wcgwcgrSmawmh tJvd kaumifrav;rs d K ;wpfa<mufa<mufud k tm;7yg;7

ayG hzuferf;pkyf_yD; Øyvl;× ypfcsifwJ hp dwfawGawmifay:vmrdw<f?

tc kr Sy J a':xm;7i f7 J hp dw ful ;<O fqE N _ynf h07awm hw<f?

'DtwGufud katmifxl;ud ky J aus;Zl;wif7rvd k_zpfae_yD?

tEd liftxufeJ h jurf;jurf;7rf;7rf;<kwf<kwfrmrm_yKrlvkyfaqmif

wwfwJ hud katmifxl;ud k a':xm;7i fr ke f ;wD ;r dayr<f h ud katmifxl;u

olrud krjuH Kz l ;w J humrpnf ;p dr fe J h xl ; _cm ;p G J ru fz G< f7mt_y Ktr lawG

cHpm;awGhjuHKapw<fqd kwmudkawmh a':xm;7if_iif;vd k hr7ygbl;?

u d katmi fx l ;u d kr ke f ;w D ;r dw J h jum;uy J E Sp foufoabmusae

7ygw<f?

a':xm;7i fuawmh t7r f ;ud k Øa[m h × ae_y D ? _r<ri f ;7 J h

apmufzkwfud k y<fy<fe<fe<fud k7ufay;w<f? txl;o_zif hapmufaph

av;ud kt" duxm; _y D ; 7ufay;p ky fay;aewm? _r<ri f ;wp fa<muf

zde f;ueJ@S de f ;ueJ t7omtawGhjuD;awG hae7wmayg h?

_r<rif ;7 J h _ye fvnf7ufay;r S Kud kvnf; a':xm;7i fody foabm

usaeygw<f? a':xm;7if[mvHk;0ud k âa_êraqmifEd li fawmhbl;?

133

tckoleJ h Øyvl;× aewJhaumifrav;[m olhwynfhrav;qd kwmud kvnf;

rpOf;pm;Ed li fawmhbl;?

zi f ju D ;u d k aum hay ;v d ku f | v S Ky f @ S m ; ay ;v d ku fv ky f aew<f ?

_r<rif ;uvnf; ol hapmufz kwfav;ud k a':xm;7i f7ufay;aewmud k

twk<l_yD; a':xm;7if7J hapmufzkwfjuD;ud k _yef7ufay;aew<f?

rjumygbl;? trs d K;orD;ESp fa<mufvH k; t_ywfzDvifawGwuf_yD;

aumhys HvS Ky f@ Sm;vmjuawmhwmygy J? tzkwf7ufoHawGu w_yyf _yy f

_rnfvd k h? 7rufaZmeJ ha7@Gwfnnf;wGm;oHawGuvnf; w[if;[if;e J hayg h?

tdyfcef;wpfckvH k ;vnf; umr7rufaZmt[kefawG v$rf;_c H Kvd k h

aeyg _y D ?

u d katmi fx l ;uawm h _zL _zLawmi f hawmi f harm fv_r d Ki fo l ju D ;

a' :xm;7i f e J h i< fi< fE kE kty s d K ay gu frav; _r<ri f ;w d k h E S p f a<muf

7ruf_yi f ; _yi f ;e J h wpfa<muftzkwfud kwpfa<muft_yeftvSe f7ufay;

aejuwmudk ab;em;uaevSnf hywf_yD; tm;remwrf;ud kjunfhaew<f?

junfhwmrS acgif;7if;buf| a_c7if;buf| vuf0Jbuf| vufsmbuf

tm;vH k;bufaygif;pH kud k @SKaxmif htrs d K ;rs d K ;uae_yD; junfhwmav?

134

awmuf- -junfhvd k huaumif;rSaumif;?

ud katmifxl;[m rsufpde J hjunfh@k Hwifrubl;? _r<rif;7J htom;

qd ki ftom;c JawGud k vufe J hvSr f ;ud ki fy Gwfoyfygao;w<f? Ed k hawGud k

SvSr f ;!Sp fw<f? tomt<mr[kwfbl;aemf? ol h0oDtwd ki f ; cyfemem

cyfwif;wif;!Spfwm? zifuk dy Gwfw<f? qGJqdwfw<f? td k;- -zifayguf

xJud kawmif vuf!S d K;xd k ;_yD;uvdvd kufao;w<f?

_r<rif;wpfa<muf wGef hueJwGef hueJ_zpfoGm;vd k h?

a' :xm;7i fuapmufap hu d k y g ;py fe J h z duy fp ky f ay ;aewke f ;r S m

u d katmi fx l ;uapmufac gi f ;x J vuf!S d K ;qwfue Jx d k ;o Gi f ;v d ku fwm

_r<rif;ud kqwfueJwke foGm;7wmyJ? _r<rif;7J hapmufacgi f;twGif;om;

av;awGuvnf; udkatmifxl;7J hvuf!S d k ;ud k wqwfqwfeJ hz d!Spfpkyf<l

aeju_yD? tzkwfud k@ SmeJ h7ufay;| apmufaphud kp kyfay;aewmudk _r<rif;7J h

taoG ;tom;awGu tm;r7E d li fawm hbl ;av? tzkwfxJvD ;o Gi f ; _y D ;

vd k ;wmudk cHcsifaeju_yD?

'Dtcs de fr Sm apmufacgif;xJvuf!S d K ;u acsmueJwd k ;0ifvmawmh

135

vD;xifrSwf_yD; apmufzkwftwGif;om;awGu zspf!SpfpkyfqG Jaejuwmaygh?

vuf!S d K ;qd kwmu vD;acsmif;e J hoabmrs d K ;wlayr<fh tawGhtxd

uawmhw_cm;p Dy J ? vD;ud kwr f ;waewJ h _r<rif ;7 J htaoG;tom;awGu

vuf!S d K ;e J hb<ftmoma_yauseyfEd li fr SmvJ?

olwufvd k;zd k h | yg;pyfua_ymqdkawmif;yefr<fvd k h _r<rif;pdwful;

vd kufcs de fr SmyJ ud katmifxl;7J htomirf;irf;a_ymvd kufoHud k _r<rif;jum;

7w<f?

Þ awmuf- -' Daumi frav;7 J hapmufac gi f ;uusO f ; juy f _y D ;

t7nfuvnf; t_ywfud k@ $r f;vmwmyJ? juHKjudKufwkef; 'Dapmufzkwf

av;ud k igaumif;aumif;vd k ;junfhvd kuftkef;r<f- - ß

'Dpum;a_ym7if; ud katmifxl;u_r<rif;7J hapmufacgif;av;xJud k

vuf!S d k ;e J ht_ywfxd k ;uvdw<f? a':xm;7i fuvnf; apmufap hud k

7uf7ufa7ma7m7ufay;| pky fay;w<f? _r<rif;wpfa<mufb<fvd k

rsm;_zpfaer<fqd kwm pOf;pm;omjunfhjuygawmh?

v D ;u d kwr f ;waewJ htaoG ;tom;awGu vd k ;awm hr<fqd kw J h

136

toHud kjum;7wmeJ h t_ywfud k@ Gp dwd k ;vmjuw<f? 'Djum;xJtzkwfud k

uvday;wmeJ h apmufaph7ufay;wmudkc H7avawmh yd kqd k ;ukefwmayg h?

Þ [if h- -vdk;ygOD;av;juD;7<f- -orD;ud kvd k ;ay;prf;yg@Si f h- -

[if h[if h ß

_r<ri f ;b<fv d kr SraeE d l i f awm hb l ; ? tz kw f7ufay;ae7mu

tomacgif;armh_yD; tirf;r7a_ymvd kufw<f?

_yD;awmh acgif;ud ktomatmuf_yefcs_yD; a':xm;7if7J hapmufzkwf

ud k tm;7yg;77ufay;vd kufygava7m?

a[m- -cHwifodrf hueJ_zpfoGm;w<f? udkatmifxl;cHwifay:ud k

wufvm_yD? <rif;ukef;aewJhzifjuD;aemufud k a7mufaeyg_yD? ol- -ol

<rif;ud kvd k ;awmhr<f? olhvD;juD;ud k <rif;tzkwfxJud kxd k ;xnfhawmh

r<f? cy f _re f _re fxd k ;o Gi f ;vd ku fpr f ;y gO D ;av;juD ;7<f? <rif ;ody fud k

tvd k ;c Hcsi faeyg_yD?

137

udkatmifxl;u cHwifay:wufI _r<rif;>zifjuD;aemufwGif

tom' l ;axmufae7m<lonf ? a':xm;7i f>r su fE S may:wufc Gum

apmufzkwfud kuke f ;7ufaeonfrd k h av;bufuke f ;v#uf ruswustae

txm;r s d K ;w Gi f@ S d aeonf ? ud k atmi fx l ;u_r<ri f ;>apmuf7nfE Si f h

wHawG;awGpd kaeavaomapmufzkwft0wGif olhvD;xdyfud ktomawhvd kuf

onf?

Þ usKy f7 J ha~G;OawGud k 7ufay;prf;? 'Daumifrav;ud kusKy fcs

aewkef; usKyf7J ha~G;OawGeJ haumifrav;&J hapmufaphud k wvSnf hp D7ufay;

[kwfvm; ß

ud katmifxl;u a':xm;7ifud kapcd ki f ;vd kufoHtm; _r<rif;jum;

vd kuf7_yefonf?

'Daemufawmh udkatmifxl;utomzdxd k;oGif;vd kufwm oHk;vufr

avmufud k@ SnfwJ hvD;'pf_y JvefjuD;[m _r<rif;7J hapmufacgif;aygufav;

xJud k _rKyf0ifoGm;ygavawmhw<f?

Þ tdtd- -[if h- - ß

138

_r<rif;wpfa<muf t7omzdef;ueJ@S de f ;ueJawG hoGm;wmajumif h

yg;pyfrSa7@Gwfnnf;!lrdonf? a':xm;7if>tzkwfud kukef;7ufay;ae7mrS

nnf;vd kuf7onfrd k h toHuawmhroJuG J? ryDroESif h0g;wm;wm;_zpfae

onf?

ud katmifxl;>vD;onf _r<rif;tvd k ;c Hc J hz l ;aom7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f h

armifarmifwd k h>vD;rsm;xuf yd kjuD;onf? yd k _y D;@ Snfovdk | vH k;ywfvnf;

yd kwkwfonf? xd k h _yif _r<rif;>apmufzkwfav;rSmvnf; 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f h

armifarmifwd k hE Sp fa<muf 7uf7ufpufpufvd k ;xm;onfhtwGuf tawmf

us de f ;aeonf?

rdrdud k | ud katmifxl;vd k ;v#if tawmfemjuifrnf[k _r<rif;

jud KwifawG;awmxm;r donf? wu<fwef;vD;oGi f ;aomtcgwGi fawmh

_r<rif;awG;awmpd k ;7 dr foavmuf emjuifr S K _yif ; _y_cif;r@S dyg? tenf;

i<fom atmif h _y D;emonf? t7omuvnf;aumif;aeavawmh _r<rif;

tae_zi f h onfr#avmufaomemjuifr S Kud k ta7;rxm;E d li fawmhay?

r dr d>tz kw fx Jo d k h u d k atmi fx l ;>vD ; ju D ;x d k ;o Gi f ;aey H ku d k junf hz d k h

junh fr Se fwcsyfavmufcHwifem;wGi f@ S daev#iftaumif;om;[k _r<rif;

p dw fx Jr S wr f ;wawG ;awmr donf ? t dy fce f ;x Jw Gi fr S e fwi fc k e fE S i f h

ud k<fvH k ;ay:rSe fawGawmh @S djuygonf? od k haomf xd kr Se frsm;@S daeonfh

139

ae7mu c Hwi fE S i f htvd ku froi f h ? c Hwi fay:w Gi fv d k ; ae jur S Konf

xd kr Se fcsyfrsm;ay:t7dyfrxifyg?

apmufap hav;ud k 7ufay;p ky fay;aeonf ha':xm;7i f>yg ;py f

uvnf;cGmoGm;7m ud katmifxl;>a~G;OwG JvJjuD;rsm;ud kyg;pyf_zif hp ky fay;

aeav_yD_zpfajumif; _r<rif;odonf?

ud katmifxl;>a~G;Orsm;ud k a':xm;7ifpkyfay;aewmudk _r<rif;

awG hc J h7zl;_yD;_zpfonf? <ckvnf;a':xm;7ifwa<muf a~G;OjuD;rsm;ud k

y g ;py f _zi f hi H kp ky fay;aeyH kud k ud k<fwd ki fr_ri fE d li faomfvnf; pdwful; _zi f h

y H k7 dy faz:junfhum _r<rif;7rufxefvm7onf?

Þ awmuf- -aumif;vd kufwJ hapmufywfuGm? usOf;juyf_y D ;

pD;yd ki faewmyJ ß

vD;'pf_rKyf0ifoGm;_yD;aemuf El;nH haxG;tdaomapmufacgif;ayguf

usOf;usOf;av;> usOf;juyfonfhxdawGhr S Kt7omudk pwifcHpm;7onfh

ud katmifxl;u tHjudwfuma_ymonf?

xd kaemuf use faeao;aomvD;we f juD ;ud k qufoGi f ;onf?

xd ko d k ho Gi f ;7mwGi f w@ S d e fx k d ;aqmi f ho Gi f ; _ci f ;r[kwf ? c g ;u d kE G J hum |

140

zifa_ymifjuD;vSKyf@ Sm;um_zif h 0uftl7pfoGif;ovdk | w7pfcsif;vSnf hum

oGif;_cif;_zpfonf?

w7pfcsif;vSnf hywfumxdk;oGif;ae7m apmufzkwfxJod k hwd k ;0ifvm

onfhvD;acsmif;juD;onf apmufacgif;twGif;om;eH7Hrsm;ud k ususeeyif

vSnf hywfxk d ;ar $ovd k _zpfaeonf? _r<rif;tzd k h wqwfqwfwke fum

7ifzk darmavmufatmifyif xdrdaponfhvD;oGif;rS K _zpfonf?

_r<rif;>zifjuD;juGwufvmonf? a':xm;7ifuapmufywfud k

k7ufay;z d k ht_yi fr Sm zifjuGwufoGm;wmrd k h a':xm;7i fvnf;acgi f ;ud k

juGvd kuf_yD; rdatmif7ufvd kuf7w<f?

_r<rif;7J hyg;pyfuawmh a':xm;7if7J hapmufzkwfay:rSmt_ywfud k

z duyfvd k h? 7uf7ufa7ma7mjuD;ud k7ufay;pkyfay;aeygonf?

a':xm;7i f[m tzkwfud ktir f ;r77ufay;wmc Hae7wJ ht_yi f

_r<rif;7 J hi<fi<fEkE kapmufzkwfav;xJud k ud katmifxl;7 J h juD;rm;wkwf

c d ki fwJ hvD ;acsmi f ; juD ;wd k ;0i faewmud ky g rsufp de J hte D ;uyf _ri fae7awmh

bma_ymaumif;rSmvJ? t_ywfzDvifawGwufaewmayg h?

a' :xm;7i f7 J h zi f ju D ;[mvnf ; <r f ;c gv S Ky f@ S m ;aev d ku fwm

141

wtm;yJ? _r<rif;7J hapmufaphud kwvSnf h | ud katmifxl;7J ha~G;OjuD;awGud k

wvSnf h tm;7yg;7juD;ud k7ufay;vd kuf| pkyfay;vd kufvkyfaew<f?

ud katmi fxl ;tz d k hr S mvnf ; _r<ri f ;qd kw J htys d Kay gufrav;7 J h

apmufacgi f ;usO f ;usO f ;av;uvnf; vd k ;vd k haumif; | a':xm;7ifqd kwJ h

r de f;rjuD;u a~G;OawGud kp kyfay;aewmuvnf; <m;usdus de J hc Hvd k haumif;rd k h

t7rf;ud kZ dr fawG haewmayg h?

' ga jumi f hv D ;ac s mi f ; ju D ;tqH k ;0i f atmi f x d k ;o Gi f ; _y D ;wme J h

7uf7ufa7ma7mjuD;ud k aqmif hvd k ;ypfvd kufawmhwmygyJ?

_r<rif;[m toufomi<fw<f? ^Smuodyfxefwmqdkawmh

ud katmi fxl ;tm;uke fti fuke faqmi f hv d k ;wmud k r_z H Kb l ; ? zi f juD ;ud k

aumhay;vd kuf| vSKyf<rf;ay;vd kufeJ h _rde f _r de fjuD;ud ktvdk;c Haew<f?

tdyfcef;xJrSmawmh toHrs d K ;p H kqlnHaewmyJ?

Þ bGyf- -zkwf bGyfAspf- -zkwfzkwf ß

'gu _r<rif;&J hapmufzkwfud k ud katmifxl;u wtm;aqmif h

vd k ;aewJ htoH?

142

Þ zwfzwfzwf- -zkwfzwf- -zkwfzwf ß

' DtoHuawmh wtm;aqmif hvd k ;aewJ hud katmi fxl ;7 J hqD ;py fe J h

zifaumhukef;ay;xm;7avwJh _r<rif;7J hzifqH kjuD; @k dufcwfrdoH?

'Dvd k@ k dufcwfrdwmajumif h _r<rif;7J hzifom;qd ki ftdtdjuD;awG[m

wkefueJwke fueJvSKy fcgoGm;w<f?

Þ ysyfysyf- -_yGwfysyfysyf ß

a':xm;7i f7 J h a~ G ;Oud kwvSnf h | apmufap hud kwvSnf h7ufp ky f

ay;aewJhtoHawGuvnf; rwdk;rus<fay:aew<f?

_r<rif;7J hyg;pyfu a<mif<rf;a7@GwfoHawG[m a':xm;7if&J h

apmufzkwfuk d7ufay;aeoHawGeJ h a7maxG;_yD;ay:aew<f?

ud katmifxl;7J haqmif hcsufjurf;jurf;awG'^fajumif h xifyg7J h?

cHwifjuD;uvnf; w0kef;0ke f;vSKyfcg<rf;aew<f?

143

vyfuD;a[mfw<f7J h oD;oef htdyf7mcef;xJrSmrd k h awmfao;wmayg h?

wtdrfe J hwtdr f wHcg;wcsyfz Gi f hpmavmufom_cm;wJ h7yfuGufxJ

rSmomqdk7if 'Dvd kaomif;usef;yH krs d K ;e J hawmh aumif;aumif;_y\emwuf

rSm trSefyJ? tdrfcJe J htaygufrcH77if uHaumif;?

ud katmi fxl ;[mvnf; bDvl ;p D ;ovd k _zp faew<f? ' Dvl[m

tpuwnf;uud k r de f ;rvd k ;wJ hae7mr Sm jurf;jurf ;7r f ;7r f ;vky fwwf

wJhvl?

tc kv d k umr7ru fp dw f aw Gxaew J htc g y d kq d k ;wmay g h ?

enf;enf;av;rSr!Smbl;? @S dor#tiftm;awGtukefoH k ; _y D ; 7uf7ufpuf

pufud k aqmif hvd k ;aewm?

' Dvd kaqmif hvd k ;ae7if ; cs d Ki f ;atmufuvufv# d K _y D ; _r<rif;7 J h

a @ $ 7i ft H ku d k r! S mrwmu d k _ yw fv k rww fu d kq G J e< f ao;w< f ?

Ed k hoD;acgif;awGud k qdwfqG Jw<f?

td k- -_r<rif;7J hE d k hwifr[kwfygbl;? atmufbufu a':xm;7if

7J hE d k htH ktdtdxGm;xGm;juD;ud kyg vSrf;qkyfud ki fwm?

144

_r<rif ;7 J hwi fy g ; juD ;awGud kvnf; vuf0g ;e J h@ k du faevd kufwm

wzse f ;zse f ;y J? _yD ;awmh zifom;juD;E Sp f _crf ;ud kvnf; vufESp fbufe J h

ususeeudki f_yD; qGJqG J _z Jay;aeao;w<f?

zifom;ESpf_crf;ud kqG J _z JawmhrS ptd k0av;vJ_yJ_yJxGufvmwmayg h?

_r<rif;[mzifvd k ;c Hz l;wJ hr de f;uav;qdkawmh 'Dvd kt_zJcH7wJ htcg zif0u

<m;usdus de J h _zpfvmw<f? zifvd k;c Hcsifpdwfav;awGay:vmw<f?

tJ' Dr Smwif ud katmi fxl ;u zifaygufav;xJud k ol hvufr

qwfueJxd k;xnfhvd kufw<f?

Þ atmifr<fav;- -OD;av;juD;7J h tm;- -aumif;vd kufwm

@Sif h- -orD;zifud kygvd k ;ay;prf;ygOD;av;juD;7J h ß

_r<ri f ;av; b<fvd kuaeb<fvd k _zp fo Gm ;w<frody gb l ; ?

tzkwfuke f ;7ufay;ae7mu acgi f ;ud karmhwuf_y D ; tirf;r7a_ymvd kuf

rdw<f?

'Dpum;u a':xm;7ifud ka7m| udkatmifxl;ud kyg tH hjooGm;ap

145

w<f? [kwfw<fav? olwd k hu tysd Kppfppfav;vd k hxifaejuwm?

tck_r<rif;a_ymvd kufyH ku umrpyf<SufrS K0g7if h _y D; zifvd k ;wm

ud ky g t7om@S d@ S dc HaewwfwJ hwu<f hr de f ;rjuD;awG tmomirf ;ir f ;e J h

a_ymaeyH krs d K ;r[kwfvm;?

'dvd ka_ymyH kud kaxmuf7if _r<rif;wpfa<muf zifvd k ;c Hz l;@ k Hwif

ruyJ zifc H7wmud kvnf; pG Jruft7omawG haew<fqd kwm ody fud k

xif@ Sm;ae_yD?

zifrcHzl;7if b<f'Dvd kta_ymrs d K ;a_ymrSmvJ? _yD;awmh zifawmif

cHz l;r Sawmh tzkwfuvnf; tvdk;cHz l;_yD;om;qd kwm odEd li faeyg_yD?

@ kwfw7uftH hjooGm;wJ hud katmifxl;[m remvd kp dwfvnf;ay:

vmw<f? b<fol haumi f hom;ursm; _r<rif ;qd kwJ h q<fausm fouf

aumi fri<fi<fav;ud k zi fa7m| apmufz kw fy g y<fy<fe<fe<f

vd k ;oGm;wmygvdrf h?

' Davmufawmif_zpfvSwJ haumifrav; oda7mayg hvd k h pdwfxJu

146

judwfjudrf;0g;_yD; _r<rif;7J hapmufzkwfxJuvD;acsmif;xJud k qG Jxkwf

vd kufw<f?

' D aemu fawm h zi f0r S mw Haw G ;u d k x G Due J ax G ;c sv d ku f _y D ;

vD;ud kqwfueJawhvd k h wtm;ud kaqmif hxk d ;csvd kufygawmhw<f?

umrp dwfawGt7r f ;wufjuGae_y D ; r ke f< d kw J hqi f@ k di f ;av;vd k

_zp faewmajumi f h acsm ho Gi f ;z d k hw d k h | 7p f _y D ;vSnf ho Gi f ;z k d hw d k hu d kawmi f

rpOf;pm;Ed li fawmhygbl;?

wp fc sufwnf ;e J hu d k vD ;wp fac smi f ;v H k ;0i fatmi f wtm;ud k

aqmif hoGif;ypfvd kufwm?

rSwfua7myJ?

Þ Aspf- -bGyf_Ad_Ad_Ad- - ß

vD;0ifcsuftawmfud kjurf;w<f?

usOf;juyfaewJhzifacgif;aygufav;xJ vD;acsmif;juD;wpfacsmif;vH k;

147

7uf7ufpufpufxd k;azguf0ifoGm;wJ htoHu tawmfus<fw<f?

atmufbufrSm@ S daewJ ha':xm;7ifqd k 7ifawmifwke foGm;wmyJ?

a':xm;7if[m udkatmifxl;zifaqmfwmudk ukd<fwd kifcHzl;xm;wmqdkawmh

'Dvd kaqmif hcs7if b<favmufemr<fqdkwm odwmaygh? _r<rif;ud k<fpm;

vnf; ausmcsrf;oGm;w<f?

_r<rif ;vm;? tif;- -'Davmuf@ Snf _y D ; ' DavmufwkwfwJ h

v D ;ac s mi f ; ju D ;u d k r! Smrwm| wp fc su fwnf ;e J htqH k ; zi f ac gi f ;x J

aqmif htoGif;cH7wm remyJaervm;? tonf;cd kufatmifud k emwmayg h?

zif0qdkwmvnf; uGJ_yJxGufvkrwwfyJ? usdef;pyf_yD;t7rf;emw<f?

'gayr<fh- - -?

apmapmuapmufzkwfxJvD;xd k ;oGif;_yD; cyfjurf;jurf;aqmif h

vd k ;wmcHxm;7vd k h _r<rif;[m Ø_yD ; × vkvk_zpfaew<f? 'Dvd kta_c

taerSm apmufzkwfxJuvD;juD;qG Jxkwf_yD; zifacgif;aygufxJw@S de fxk d ;

aqmif hoGif;wmcHvd kuf7wJhtcg csufcsif;yJ umrt7omtxGyftxdyfud k

wufvSrf;a7muf@S d _y D; wpfcs D Ø_yD;× oGm;7ygawmhw<f?

148

tJ' Dawmh emwmawGa7m| Ø_y D ; × oGm;vd k haumif ;wmawGa7m

tm;vH k;a7maxG;ukefwmayg h?

emwmvm;| aumif;wmvm;qd kwmud kawmif cG J _cm;rodEd li fawmh

ygbl;?

apmufzkwfxJu t7nfjunfawG<k dp dr f hxGufusvmurS wtm;

ygy J ? ud katmi fxl ;tzkwfud kpvd k ;uwnf;u apmuf7nfjunfawGu

pd k@ $ Jaeav_yDav? tckwpfcs Dt_ywf Ø_yD; × oGm;vd k h t7nfjunfawG

xyfrH<d kp drf hxGufusvmwJhtcg apmufacgif;aygufxJrSm apmuf7nfjunf

awG_ynf hv# Huke fwmayg h?

tzkwfxJuvD;ud k xkwf<loGm;_yDqd kawmh apmufywfrSmvnf;

twm;tqD ;bmr Sr@ S d awm hb l ;av? ' Dawm hapmuf7nf junfawG[m

atmufbufud k pufpuf| pufpufeJ h<k dusoGm;awmhwmygyJ?

' Dtcs de fr Sma':xm;7ifuvnf; _r<rif;7J hapmufywfud k yg;pyfe J h

p ky fay;| @SmeJ h7ufay;vkyfaew<fav? apmufywfxJu<dkp D;xGufusvm

wJh apmuf7nfjunfawmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m a':xm;7if7J hyg;pyfxJa7muf

ukefwmayg h?

149

_r<rif;[m tckrStouf 14 ESpfomomavmufom@S dao;wJ h

EkEkxGwfxGwfcsmwdwfrav;awG? aoG;om;awGu Ekopfoefhpifaew<fav?

vD;eJhxdawGhumpqdkawmh apmuf7nfjunfawGuvnf; wu<fhudkvwfqwf

w<f?

b<fvd ka_ym7rvJ? [d k tke f ;E d k h!Sp fwJ htcg OD;7nfuodyfud k

tqDtESpf _ynf h0ovdkrs d K ;ayg h?

q7mra':xm;7if[m @Si f ;@ Si f ;a_ym77if tckrSy Jr de f ;rcsi f ;csi f ;

apmufz kwf7ufay;z l ;wm? ' Dvd ktz kwf7ufay; | apmufap hp ky fay;wJ h

tajumif;awGud k pmtkyfawGxJrSm zwfzl;xm;wmyJ@S dwm?

_r<rif;7J hapmufywfav;xJu apmuf7nfjunfawG<k dp dr f hp D ;us

vmawmh axG;xkwfypfzd k hp dwful;rdao;w<f?

'gayr<fh tysdKeH hav;oif;aewJh 'Dt7nfjunfawGrSm qGJaqmifrSK

wpfckc k@ S daeovdky J? _yD;awmh 'Dt7nfjunfawGyg;pyfxJpD;0ifa7muf@S d

vmwJhtcg juufoD;wzsef;zse f; | ausmwcsrf;csrf;e J h t7rf;ud kz Dvifwuf

vmw<f?

150

'gajumif h@ G H@ SmraeEd li fawmhyJ <d kp dr f htHusvmwJhapmuf7nfjunf

awGud k yg;pyfe J hp ky f<l_yD; tm;7yg;7ud k rs d Kaomufcsvd kufrdw<f?

cy fr Se fr Se faqmi f hw<fqd kayr<f h tm;uawmht_ynf hy gw<f?

zif0[maqmif hcsuf'^fajumif h usde f;pyfvmayr<fh _r<rif;b<fvd kr S

_iif;qefawmif;yefzk d h pdwfrul;ygbl;?

zifZdr fawG hae_yDav? emjuifrS Ka7m_yGr f;wJ humrt7omudkvnf;

t_ywfcHpm;7ae_yDav?

wpfcs D Ø_yD;× oGm;vd k h avsmhyg;usoGm;awmhr<fh 7rufpdwfqEN

awG[mvnf ; ud katmi fx l ;7 J h cy f jur f ; jur f ;zi fv d k ;ay ;aer S Ka jumi f h

_ye f _y D ;E d k ;juGvm7w<f?

tif;- -armifarmifzifaqmfwmcH7wkef;uvdkrs d K ; _zpf7awmhrSm

y gvm;qd kwmud k _r<ri f ;odvd ku f _y D ? 'gayr<f ht J' Dvd kr _zp f7atmi f

b<fvd kr S xdef;csKyfwm;qD;Ed li f _cif;awmh r@S dygbl;?

td k- -_zpfvd k7mawG_zpfygapawmh? tckavmavmq<f zifvd k;c

cHwm odyfaumif;aewmyJ[m? quf_yD;tvdk;c Hvd kuf@k Hayg h?

151

'DvljuD;ud katmifxl;ud kvnf; rdrdud kt7omaumif;aumif;c Hpm;

7atmi f vky fay; | azsm fa _zay;aewJ h tvd k ;orm;wpfa<mufvd k hy J

oabmxm;vd kufr<f? 'gqd k _y D;a7m?

'gajumif h _r<rif;[m udkatmifxl;zifvd k ;aewmudk _rde f h _r de f hjuD;

cH7if; atmufbufuaygif_z Jay;xm;wJ h a':xm;7if7J hapmufzkwfud kvnf;

oJoJr Jr Jud k uke f ; _y D ;7ufay;aew<f? zifqH kjuD;ud ka0h0 d kuf<rf;ay;ae

vd kufwmuvnf; a_ymraeygeJ hawmh?

atmufbufuq7mra':xm;7i f[mvnf; t7r f ;ud kv l ;vGe f h

aumhys Hvmae_yD? _r<rif;7ufay;aewJ hapmufz kwfxJuvnf; t7nf

junfawGt_ywfpd kvm_yD? q7mra':xm;7ifrjumcif Ø_yD;× awmhr<f

qd kwmud k _r<rif;odw<f?

ol hq7mrud k' Dvd k _y D ;atmif olud k<fwd ki fvky fay;Ed li fw<fqd kwm

udkvnf; _r<rif;auseyfaerdw<f?

o l h zi fu d kv d k ; aew J h u d k atmi fx l ;7 J h aqmi f h c su faw Guvnf ;

_refvmw<f? vD;0ifoHxGufoHawGu pufaoewfoHawGvd k qufwd kuf

152

ay:xGufaew<f? zifvd k ;aewJhud katmifxl;uvnf; rjumcifokwf7nf

awGyef;xkwfay;awmhr<fqd kwm _r<rif;odw<f?

ud katmifxl;u olhzifacgif;aygufxJrSmyJ okwfv$wfay;rSmvm;?

okwfv$wfc ge D ;r S zi fay gufxJuvD;ud k tz kwfxJa_ymi f ;x d k ;o Gi f ; _y D ;

apmufz kwfxJr Sm v7nfawGye f ;xnf hay;r Smvm;qd kwmud k _r<rif ;

awG;junfhrdw<f?

apmufzkwfxJrSmyJ okwf7nfawGyef;xnfhxnfh | zifacgif;ayguf

xJrSmyJ okwf7nfawGyef;xnfhxnfh | aumif;rSmcsnf;qd kwm _r<rif;

vufawG ho dxm; _y D ;y g _y Daem f ? jud KufwJ htaygufxJr Smye f ;xnf hy gap?

taxGtxl;pOf;pm;ta_z@Smraeawmhygbl;?

Þ aqmi f h y g O D ; av; ju D ;7 J h - -or D ;zi fu d kwtm;aqmi f h _ y D ;

vd k ;ay;yg? trav;- -aumif;vd kufwmaemf ß

_r<rif ;[m tzkwf7ufay;ae7mu acgi f ;av;tomjuG _y D ;

ud katmifxl;ud k tm;ay;tm;aÕrmufoabmrs d K ; a_ymvd kufao;w<f?

i<fi<fEkEkaumifrav;u 'Dvd ka_ymqdkvmawmh udkatmifxl;

153

uvnf; b<fvd katmif htnf;aeEd li fr SmvJ? @S dor#tm;awGtukefoH k ; _y D ;

7uf7ufa7ma7mjuD;ud k aqmif hvd k ;ay;vd kufwmayg h?

aqmif hcsufawGu _yif;rS_yif;? atmif hueJ_zpf_yD;emjuifayr<fh

aumif;wmuvnf;odyfaumif;wmrd k h _r<rif;[mt_ywfud kzifaumhay;

xm;w<f? judKufoavmufaqmif hprf;?

_r<rif;7 J haoG;om;awGuvnf; t7rf;ud kE d k ;jum;vmju_yef_y D?

' kwd<tcsD xyfØ_yD;×awmhr<f?

_r<ri f ;& J haoG ;om;awG[m Ø_y D ; × oGm;wJ htcg c Hpm;7r<f h

umrt7omtxGwftxdy fud k jud Kqd kaeju_y Dav? td k- -' Dwpfcs D

xyf_yD;7if apmapmuxufud k yd kjurf;rSm? wpfud k<fvH k ;aumhys Hwuf_yD;

wkefwcd kufcd kufud k _zpfoGm;7rSm?

[kwfw<fav? 'g[m zi fc Hw J htcg7@ S dw J hq kv' fwp fr s d K ;y J ?

zi fvd k ;c H7i f ; Ø_y D ; × 7wmu| apmufz kwftvd k ;c H7i f ; Ø_y D ; × 7wmeJ h

rwlbl;av? yd kjurf;w<f? yd k' D~7D _ri f hw<f? yd k _y D ;vnf;tm;aumif;

w<f?

tJ- -oH k ;a<mufteufrSm a':xm;7if[m t7ifqH k ; _y D ;oGm;

154

w<f? yg;pyfuwtpftpfnnf;7if; _r<rif;7J hapmufzkwfud k t_ywf

iH kc Jp ky f<lay;vd kufw<f? yg;pyfcsif;z duyfpkyferf;wJ hoabmrs d K ;?

q7mra':xm;7i f Ø _y D ; × oGm ; _y D _zp fajumi f ;o dvd ku fwJ htcg

_r<rif;7J haoG;om;awGu yd kaomif;usef;vmjuw<f? tzkwfxJuvnf;

t_ywfvSKyf@ Sm;vmw<f? zifvd k ;ay;aewJ hud katmifxl;ud k wef_yeftm;

ay;wJ htaeeJ h zifqH kjuD;ud k t7rf;aumhyif hay;vd kufw<f?

'Daemufawmh_r<rif;[m yg;pyfuwtD;tD;wtm;tm;atmf[pf

a7@Gwf7if; wpfud k<fvH k ;wDqm;eJ hwd k hovd k wGef hvdefaumhys H _y D; t7rf;

uma7mud kapmuf7nfjunfawG<d kp dr f hvd k h cyfjurf;jurf;juD;wpfcs D Ø_yD;×

oGm;7ygawmhw<f?

ol ha@S hr Smtrs d K ;orD;ESp fa<muf qufwd kufqd kovdkcyfjurf;jurf;

_y D ;uke f juwmud k _ri f7awmh ud katmifxl;vnf;b<fquf_y D ;xde f ;xm;

Ed li fr SmawmhvJ?

_r<rif;7J hzifacgi f;aygufuvnf; ol hvD;acsmif;juD;ud k wtm;

zspf!SpfqG Jp kyfaejuw<fav?

155

Þ tm;yg;yg;- -tm;tD;- - ß

ud katmifxl;[m tHjudwfa7@Gwf_yD; aemufqH k;wpfcsuft_zpf

vD;ud kzifaygufxJ wtm;ukefaqmif hoGif;vd kufw<f?

Þ bGyf- -Aspf- - ß

Þ trav;- -OD;av;juD;7J h tm; ß

_r<rif;7J hyg;pyfu atmfoHav;ay:vmw<f?

tJ'Dtcd kufrSmyJ zifacgif;xJtqHk;_rKyf0ifaeavwJhvD;acsmif;juD;

xdyfu okwf7nf_zL_zLyspfyspfawG[m yef;xGufukefawmhwmygyJ?

7rufpdwfodyfxefaecs de fr d k h okwfxGufuvnf; tawmfud kjurf;

w<f? rsm;vnf;rsm;w<f? udkatmifxl;awmif tH hjooGm;rdw<f?

ol rde f ;rcsvmwm tawmfrsm;yg_y D? 'Davmufokwf7nfawG

trsm;juD;rxGufz l ;ao;bl;? _yD ;awmh 'Daumifrav;_r<rif;ud kcswm

avmufvnf; wcgrStm;oGe fc Ge fp d kufe J h 7uf7ufa7ma7maqmif hray;cJ h

156

zl;ao;bl;?

tckwu<f hud k tm;uke faqmi f hvd k ;ay;vd kuf7wm? _y D ;awmh

aumifrav;7J hzifacgif;xJu olhvD;uaewqifh olh7J htiftm;tqDtESpf

r Se for#ud k !Spfxkwfpkyf<loGm;ovdkygyJ?

okwfvnf;v$wfxkwf_y D;a7m ud katmifxl;vnf;arm[k dufEH k ;acG

oGm;ygw<f?

' g a jumi f h _ r<ri f ;tay: x d k ; ar S mu f _ y D ;t dy f c sv d ku fw<f ?

' Dvd kolwd k hoH k ;a<mufom; wpfa<muftay:wpfa<mufxyfv#ufom;

vJusoGm;juygw<f?

okwfv$wf_y D ;vd k haysm hoGm;wJ hvD;[mvnf; _r<rif;7 J hzi fayguf

uae _yGwfqd kuÈwf_yKwfxGufoGm;w<f? _r<rif;7J hzifacgif;xJrSmawmh

ud katmifxl;v$wfxkwfay;xm;wJ h okwf7nfawG_ynf hv# HaewmyJ?

armifarmifzifvd k ;wkef;u xnfhay;xm;wJ harmifarmif h7 J hokwf7nf

awGeJ h tckxyf0ifvmwJhud katmifxl;7J hokwf7nfawG olhzifacgif;ayguf

xJrSmaygif;r djuukef_yDvm;vd k hawmif _r<rif;xifrdw<f?

157

_r<rif;[m tomav;rS de f ;aew<f? umrt7omudk w_rde f h _r de f h

c Hpm;aewmav? tJ- -umrt7omt_ynf ht0cHpm;7_yD ;vd k hvm;awmh

rodbl;? _r<rif ;7 J hO D ;aE Smuf[mvnf; t_ywfud k junfvifaew<f?

ud katmifxl;ud kb<fvd kud ki f7r<fqd kwm tjuHxkwfpOf;pm;aew<f?

a[m- -tjuH7_yD?

_r<rif;7J hacgif;xJrSm tjuHaumif;wpfck_zwfueJ7vmwJhtcs de f

r S my J u d k atmi fx l ;uvnf ; o l hu d k< fay :utomqi f ;o G m ;w<f ?

ud katmifxl;7J hacgif;xJrSmawmh _r<rif;qd kwJ haumifrav;ud k b<fvd k

y H kp Hrs d K ;e J hxyfvd k ;77if aumif;rvJvd k hpOf;pm;aeav7J h?

tckavmavmq<fawmh aysmhusaewJhol hvD;juD;_yefrwfawmif

vmatmif _r<rif;ud kvD;pkyfc d ki f ;7ifaumif;r<fvd k h pOf;pm;vd kufcs de fr SmyJ

_r<rif;uqwfueJx7yfvm_yD; avoHat;at;eJ ha_ymw<f?

Þ uJ- -@SifoGm;Ed li f _y D? aemufqd k uÈefrwd k he J h@ Si fbmrSywfouf

p7mr@S dawmhbl; ß

158

` aumifrav;a_ymvd kufyH ku at;at;aq;aq;eJ h cyfwnfwnfrd k h

@ kwfw7ufud katmifxl;tH htm;oif hoGm;w<f?

aemufrS rxdwxd_yH K;vd kuf_yD;- - -?

Þ ajomf- -rif;u ig hud karmif;xkwfw<fayg h [kwfvm; ß

Þ [kwfw<f? @Si fat;at;aq;aq;xGufoGm;7ifaumif;r<f?

r[kwf7if @Sif' kuQawG hvdrf hr<f ß

Þ bm vmacsao;? igu bm'kuQawG h7rSmvJ ß

Þ uÈe frtc koufqk di f7mud kw d ki fv d ku f7i f @ Si faxmi fusoGm;

rSmayg h- - ß

Þ [m;[m;[m;- -7<f7w<fa[h? eifwd k he J hig ESpfO D;oabmwl

vd k;juaqmfjuwmyJ? eifwd k huvnf; igvd k ;wmjudKufvd k h cHjuukef;ju

wm? bmvJ? rk' de f ;usi f hw<f? bmnmeJ hvky fjuHtrS Kwd ki frvd k hvm;?

r7bl;av ß

159

_r<rif;uawmh cyfat;at;ygyJ?

Þ [kw fy gw<f ? E Sp f O D ;oabmwlv ky f juwmy gy J ? @ Si fu

tvd k ;vnf ;awm fy gw<f? 'gayr<f h@ Si far hae_y Dxi fw<f? uÈe fru

toufr_ynfhao;bl;@Si f h? q<fhav;ESpfyJ@ S dao;w<f? 'Dawmh uÈefru

oabmwlwl| rwlwl uÈefrudkvkyfwJhtwGuf @SifaxmifusEd lifwmuawmh

aocsmw<f? 'Dawmh tckat;at;aq;aq;xGufoGm;7if taumif;qH k;yJ?

a7mh- -vrf;p7dwfr@S d7if<loGm;- - ß

_r<ri f ;u ai Go H k ;7myp fay;vd ku fw<f? 7e fy d k i fp d k ;w d k hq Du

qGJvmwJhaiGawGav?

ud katmi fxl ;uvnf; Øvlt× wpfa<mufawmhr[kwfygbl ;?

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160

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