第一讲 Python语言

Dassault Systmes, 2008

Python

1

Introduction to Python and Scripting in Abaqus

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Python


Python


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Python

Python :

: python :

::

: ,,,, , ,


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Python

Python Python : www.python.org

www.python.org/doc/current/tut/tut.html Python

comp.lang.pythoncomp.lang.python.announce

www.rmi.net/~lutz/pybooks.htmlhttp://books.google.com/books?q=python


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Python

Python

$ abaqus python>>> print 5**4625>>> UNIX Ctrl-D Windows

Ctrl-Z import sys; sys.exit()

abaqus

$ abaqus python -c "print 5**4"625

$ abaqus python mytest.py625

a = 5; b = 4c = a ** bprint c


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Python

Python UNIX

$ mytest.py625

Abaqus/CAE

#!/prog/pythona = 5; b = 4c = a ** bprint c


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Python

Python () Windows

D:\ mytest625

a = 5; b = 4c = a ** bprint c


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Python

C++ Perl { } # \


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Python

:

# simple examplemax = 5; i = 0x, y, z = 1, 2, 3

while i


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Python

: >>> x = 4 # variable name x refers to the integer 4

X 4.

>>> a = b = 'test'>>> print a, b'test' 'test'


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Python

Objects Python ,(member),(method) mytest2.py

>>> f = open('tmp.txt')>>> f.close()>>> f.closedTrue

>>> mdb.__members__['acis', 'adaptivityProcesses', 'annotations', ]>>> mdb.__methods__['AdaptivityProcess', 'Annotation', 'Arrow', ]

method

member

The attributes called __members__ and __methods__ are discontinued in Python v2.2 but will be maintained in Abaqus Python.


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Python

mytest3.py

>>> def test(arg1, arg2):... print 'arg1=', arg1... print 'arg2=', arg2... >>> test('pink', 'bicycle')arg1= pinkarg2= bicycle

mytest4.py>>> def distance(point1, point2):... x1, y1 = point1[0], point1[1]... x2, y2 = point2[0], point2[1]... sq = (x2 - x1)**2 + (y2 - y1)**2... return sq**(0.5)... >>> distance((0,0),(4,6))7.2111025509279782


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Python

>>> test(arg2='bicycle', arg1='blue')arg1= bluearg2= bicycle

mytest5.py:>>> def distance(point1, point2=(0,0)):... x1, y1 = point1[0], point1[1]... x2, y2 = point2[0], point2[1]... sq = (x2 - x1)**2 + (y2 - y1)**2... return sq**(0.5)... >>> distance((4,6))7.2111025509279782


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Python

Python 1000 :

:0! = 1n! = n*(n-1)!

factorial.pydef factorial(n):

if n == 0:return 1

else:return n*factorial(n-1)

>>> factorial(69)17112245242814131137246833888127283909227054489352036939364800923257279754140647424000000000000000L


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Python

: +, -, *, **, /, %

>>> (5 + 3)/24: and, or, not

>>> 1 or 01: =, != (!= )

>>> 5 != 6True: |, ^, &,

>>> 1


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Python

Python http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008 http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257

Python Guido van Rossum http://www.python.org/doc/essays/styleguide.html


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Python

del ,:


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Python

NoneTypemytest6.py:

>>> list1 = [1,2,3]>>> list1[1, 2, 3]>>> list2 = list1.append(4)>>> list2>>> list1[1, 2, 3, 4]>>> type(list2)



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: ,,, , : ,,, : : , ,,

C ( FORTRAN integer*4 or *8 ) C (FORTRAN real*8.) Abaqus typeobject


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()*

: 1234, 0644, 0x100fea8 **

:>>> 17643L**11111463783748290623436091218...

: 3.1415, .0314e2, .0314e+2, .0314e-2

: z = 2 + 3j, 12.34jz.real, z.imag

* 0, 0x

** int


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>>> 5*2.010.0

>>> 3/21>>> 2/30


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Python

: : ( sort(), reverse()). :

Type list [9.0,'b']tuple ('a',45,)

string 'wxyz'array array((2.3,5.6))


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0

>>> a = ['a','b','c',('A','B','C')]>>> a[0]a>>> a[3]('A', 'B', 'C')>>> a[3][1]'B'.

>>> a[-1]('A', 'B', 'C')>>> a[-1][-2]'B'


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s[m:n]

m n [0:len(s)] m n-1

>>> s = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]>>> s[1:4][1, 2, 3]

>>> myTuple = (175, 999, 'A', 'B')>>> myTuple[1:3](999, 'A')>>> welcome = 'Hello World'>>> welcome[0:3] + welcome[5:-1]'Hel World'


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>>> a = [0,1] * 3>>> a[0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]

>>> len(a)6

>>> [1,2] + [6,7][1, 2, 6, 7]>>> (1,2) + (6,7)(1, 2, 6, 7)>>> 'Dead' + 'Parrot''DeadParrot'


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:

>>> myList = [175, 999, 'A', 3.14159]>>> myList.append(2003.567)>>> myList[175, 999, 'A', 3.14159, 2003.567]>>> del myList[3]>>> myList[175, 999, 'A', 2003.567]>>> myList.sort()>>> myList[175, 999, 2003.567, 'A']

:

>>> dir(myList)['append', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert','pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']


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:

>>> myTuple = (175, 999, 'A', 'B')

:>>> myTuple[3] = 'W'Traceback (most recent call last):File "", line 1, in ?

TypeError: object doesn't support item assignment :

>>> myTuple = (175, 999, [1,2,3,4])

myTuple[2]myTuple[2],


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:

a a a a a>>> name = 'Norwegian'>>> name[3]'w'

>>> name = name + ' Blue'>>> name'Norwegian Blue'

>>> doc = """This program is designed... to be all things to all men"""


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: ()

mytest7.py:>>> myDict = {} # create an empty dictionary>>> myDict['eric'] = 'Eric Idle'>>> myDict['PI'] = 3.14159265359>>> myDict[2001] = 'Beginning of the century'>>> type(myDict)

>>> myDict{'eric': 'Eric Idle', 2001: 'Beginning of the century', 'PI': 3.14159265359}>>> myDict['PI']3.14159265359


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:

has_key() keys() values() items()clear() copy() get() update() setdefault()

mytest7.py :>>> myDict.keys()['eric', 2001, 'PI']

>>> myDict.has_key('Turnip') False>>> myDict.values()['Eric Idle', 'Beginning of the century', 3.14159265359]

>>> myDict.items()[('eric', 'Eric Idle'), (2001, 'Beginning of the century'), ('PI', 3.14159265359)]


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%

C sprintf %s (Python )

>>> '%s weighs %5.2f pounds' % ('Eric', 67)'Eric weighs 67.00 pounds'>>> '%s weighs %s pounds' % ('Eric', 67)'Eric weighs 67 pounds'

% .

>>> d = {'name': 'Eric', 'number': 67}>>> '%(name)s weighs %(number)5.2f pounds' % d'Eric weighs 67.00 pounds'


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None Python :

0, 0.0, (,), [], {}, , None Python :

1, 2.3, (1,2), 'xyz' Python , True False

>>> (1 == 0)False



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if elif elseif grade > 90:

print 'you got an A'elif grade > 80:

print 'you got a B'elif grade > 70:

print 'you got a C'elif grade > 60:

print 'you got a D'elif grade > 50:

print 'you got an E'else:

print 'you failed'


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While C

while expression:do something

For >>> for i in range(2, 6):... print i, ... 2 3 4 5>>> myList = ['a', 'b', 'c']>>> for letter in myList:... print letter...abc

Range


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break break.py.i, max = 0, 50while 1:

if i > max:break

else:print i

i = i + 1continue else break else

for i in range(10):if i < 0:

breakelse:

print 'There are no negative values in range(10)'


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: for x in range(-21, +19):

# skip the case of x = 0if x == 0:

continue# evaluate an expressiony = 30 + 30/x# print (x,y) followed by y spaces and a markerprint '(%03d,%03d):' % (x,y), ' '*y, 'o'

scr_terminalgraph.py



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qualified names

(.).>>> myList = [1, 2, 3]>>> myList.reverse()

myList reverse .


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Python unqualified names__builtin__

1. 2. (Python )

>>> len = 5>>> def test():>>> len = 6>>> print len

56 len __main__



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Python .py

>>> import math>>> x = math.sin(7)

>>> from math import sin>>> x = sin(7)

functionsmethods>>> from math import *


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import Python Abaqus

(httplib) Internet

:

# module hworldprint 'importing hworld'hw = 'Hello World'c = 76def pr(x):

print x

$ abaqus python>>> import hworldimporting hworld>>> print hworld.hwHello World>>> print hworld.c76>>> hworld.pr(58)58


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Python Python sys.path ImportError Abaqus sys.path

PYTHONPATH . sys.path

>>> import sys>>> sys.path


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Python sys.path

: import syssys.path += ['d:\system\pythonStuff']

PYTHONPATH Windows Python

sys.path += ['d:\\system\\pythonStuff']sys.path += [r'd:\system\pythonStuff']


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test __main__ ,

__main__

< exported objects >def test():

< test my exports >if __name__ == '__main__': test()

__main__


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Python modulename.__file__

globals()

locals()

dir(object)

(, dir(__builtins__))sys.modules



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? Python

?


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>>> 1/0 Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in ? ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zerodef inverse(x):

try:print 1/x

except ZeroDivisionError:print x, 'has no inverse'



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1-1: import sys # to access command line argumentsdef isAnagram(string1, string2):

"""Return TRUE if string1 is an anagram of string2.Returns FALSE if not an anagram"""if len(string1) != len(string2):

return 0for c in string1:

if string1.count(c) != string2.count(c):return 0

else:return 1

if isAnagram('helloworld','world'):print 'helloworld', 'is an anagram of', 'world'

else:print 'helloworld', 'is not an anagram of','world'


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1-2:

# open a file for reading, and print it outf = open('fileManipulation.txt')text = f.readlines()for line in text:

print line[:-1] # chop off the newline char

# reverse the order of the lines and save ittext.reverse()f = open('temp.txt', 'w')f.write('Reversed file\n')for line in text:

f.write(line)f.close()

# now print the new fileprint open('temp.txt').read()

fileManipulation.py



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1-1:

1. 10000

kn = kn-1 + kn-2

: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13,. . .

2. :


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1-2: Circle

1. circle math .

2. circle :(5, 6, 7, 8, 9).

:radius circumference area 5.00 31.416 78.53986.00 37.699 113.09737.00 43.982 153.93808.00 50.265 201.06199.00 56.549 254.4690

第一讲 Python语言

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