ANSYS WORKBENCH I

2010

»

ANSYS WORKBENCH I

2010

2

004.9(03) 89

.

89 ANSYS Workbench: . . / . , . , . , . , . . – -

: . . . , 2010. – 271 .: . ISBN 978-5-7964-1392-0

ANSYS Workbench ( 12.1).

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004.9(03) 89

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ISBN 978-5-7964-1392-0 , 2010

, 2010

3

......................................................................................................................................... 5

1. .......................................................................................... 7

1.1. ................................................................................................................................. 7 1.2. ........................................................................................................ 8 1.3. ...................................... 12 1.4. ....................................................................... 14 1.5. . ................................. 16 1.6. .................................................................................................... 20 1.7. .............................................................................................. 22 1.8. ............................................................................... 24 1.9. .............. 32 1.10. ........................................... 42

1.10.1. ......................... 49 1.10.2. ............................ 51 1.10.3. ........................... 53

1.11. ANSYS ................................................................................... 57 .............................................................. 60

2. ANSYS WORKBENCH ......................................................................... 61

2.1. Workbench .................................................................................. 62 2.2. Workbench.......................................................................................... 67

.............................................................. 73

3. .............................................................................. 74

3.1. Design Modeler .............................................................. 75 3.2. .......................................................................... 81

3.2.1. ............................................................................................. 86 3.2.2. ........................................................................ 88 3.2.3. .................................................... 92 3.2.4. ...................................................................... 95

3.3. .............................................................................................. 99 3.3.1. ..................................................................... 99 3.3.2. ........................................................................... 110 3.3.3. ..................................................... 123

3.4. ................................................................ 130 3.5. ........................................................................ 132

............................................................ 136

4

4. .................................................. 138

4.1. .......................................... 138 4.2. .......................................................................................... 144 4.3. ........................................................................... 147 4.4. ......................................................................... 157

4.4.1. .............................................................. 162 4.5. .................................................................... 164

........................................................... 170

5. .............................................................. 171

5.1. ............................................................................................................ 171 5.2. ................................................................................. 174 5.3. Mesh Control ............................................................................................. 181

5.3.1. ..................................................................................... 181 5.3.2. ..................................................................................... 189 5.3.3. .................................................................. 195 5.3.4. Refinement .................................................................................................. 195 5.3.5. ............................................................... 198 5.3.6. .................................................................... 201

5.4. ............................................................................. 202 5.5. ........................................................................................... 204 5.6. ................................................................................... 204 5.7. Mechanical ANSYS .. 208

........................................................... 209

6. . ............................. 211

6.1. ...................................................................... 213 6.1.1. ............................................................................................. 218 6.1.2. ..................................................................................... 221

6.2. ........................................................................................................... 234 6.3. .......................................................................................... 241

6.3.1. ......................................................................................... 243 6.3.2. ............................................................................................. 245 6.3.3. ....................................................................... 247 6.3.4. ......................................................................... 249 6.3.5. ............................................................................... 249 6.3.6. ...................................................................... 252

........................................................... 252

................................................................................................................................. 255

5

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41

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42

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43

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, (92)

Ts – S3, Tb – -, h – , h s bq h T T -

, . – -

t0:

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44

(89)-(93) : - (89) (92), (93)

[4, 9]

2 3

22 2

2

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xx yy zzV

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T T T TK K K w c T dVx y z t

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45

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, ,x y z :

1( , , ) ; ( ),

6i j k p i i i i ie ee

N x y z N N N N N a b x c y d zV

(97)

detj j j

i k k k

p p p

x y za x y z

x y z;

1det 1

1

j j

i k k

p p

y zb y z

y z;

1det 1 ;

1

j j

i k k

p p

x zc x z

x z

1det 1

1

j j

i k k

p p

x yd x y

x y; eV .

, ,j k pN N N -

, , , ,i j k p .

:

0 0

0 00 0

xx

yye

zz e

KD K

K; (98)

46

e ee

e

TxTg B TyTz

, (99)

16

i j k p

i j k pee

i j k p e

b b b bB c c c c

Vd d d d

.

e, (96) ,

( , , )ee

T N x y z Tt t

. (100)

(94) , (96)-(100)

2 3

3 3

1 1

1

2

12

2

.2

e

e e

e e

e e

m mT T

e e e ee e V

e eeV V

mT T

e e ee S S

b beS S

T B D B T dV

c N T N T dV w N T dVt

hq N T dS T N N T dS

hhT N T dS T dS

(101)

(101) T ,

1 1

0m m

ee

e eT T T. (102)

(102) -

:

47

q g hee e e ee e ee

Q C T K T Q Q QT t

, (103)

« » :

3e e

T Te e e e e e

V S

K B D B dV h N N dS , (104)

« » :

e

Te e e

V

C c N N dV , (105)

, - q, w, -

:

2 e

q Tee

S

Q q N dS ; (106)

e

g Tee

V

Q w N dV ; (107)

3e

h Tb ee

S

Q hT N dS . (108)

(102) , -:

q g hC T K T Q Q Qt

, (109)

K ( ) ; C

) ; qQ

, -

, gQ , -

, hQ ,

. .

48

, (109), -

:

1

, , 1,...,m

ij ij ee

K K i j n ; (110)

1

, , 1,...,m

ij ij ee

C C i j n ; (111)

1

, 1,...,m

q qi i e

eQ Q i n ; (112)

1

, 1,...,m

g gi i e

eQ Q i n ; (113)

1

, 1,...,m

h hi i e

eQ Q i n . (114)

(109) -

.

C T K T Qt

, (115)

q g hQ Q Q Q . 1 0t t t

T

1 0

1T T Tt t

. (116)

--

:

1 0

12

T T T ; (117)

1 0

12

Q Q Q . (118)

49

(116)-(118) (115),

1 0

2 2 2K C T C K T Qt t

. (119)

, - (119)

. K , C , qQ - (119), ( -

, , ) . -

, .

, (119) .

, -, (119)

, -, .

(91) – - (92) –

(101). (93) -

, .

1.10.1.

. . ,

A ( . 1.9). i – q, j – -

qh.

50

. 1.9

( ) -

Ti jeT T T .

:

,i je ee eT x N T N N T (120)

ji

j j

x xN

x x; i

jj j

x xNx x

.

-:

1, 1 1 .xxe eD K B

L (121)

(« ») :

1 1 0 0

.1 1 0 1

e j

T Te e e ee e

V S

xx

K B D B dV h N N dS

AK AhL

(122)

(« ») :

2 1.

1 26

j

e i

jx

j i jT ie e e

j i j iV x i

j i

x xx x x x x xC c N N dV c dx

x x x xx xx x

cAL

(123)

q L

q

Tj Ti

i j qh x

51

, q :

1

,0

i

Tqe e

S

Q q N dS qA (124)

0

.1

j

h Te b e b

S

Q hT N dS AhT (125)

, w:

.2

j

e i

xg jT

eeiV x

x xwA wALQ w N dV dxx xL

(126)

i , 0q

: 00

qeQ .

1.10.2.

-

. -.

( . 1.10). jk – - q, ij – -

qh. .

. 1.10

i j

k

q

qh

W(x,y)

x

y

52

( ) -

Ti j keT T T T .

:

,i j ke ee eT x N T N N N T (127)

1 ( )

2i i i ie

N a b x c y , 1

1 det 12

1

i i

e j j

k k

x yx yx y

–

ijk; , ,i j k k j i j k i k ja x y x y b y y c x x .

Nj, Nk , - i, j, k.

-

,xxe

yy

K oD

o K1 .

2i j k

ei j ke

b b bB

c c c (128)

00

0 0 0

2 1 01 2 0

4 4 60 0

e j

ij

T Te e e ee e

V S

i i i jT

e e e e j i j jS

i i i j i ik i i i j i ikyy ijxx

j i j j j k j i j j j ke e

k i k j k k k i k j k k

K B D B dV h N N dS

N N N NB D B h N N N N dS

b b b b b b c c c c c cK hLK b b b b b b c c c c c c

b b b b b b c c c c c c.

0

(129)

ijL – i, j.

(« ») :

2 1 11 2 1

121 1 2e

T ee e e

V

cC c N N dV (130)

,

53

, q jk -

ij, : 01 ,

21i

jkq Te e

S

qLQ q N dS

11

20j

b ijh Te b e

S

hT LQ hT N dS . (131)

, w:

11

31e

g T eee

V

wQ w N dV . (132)

:

12

ii j k

jei j ke

ke

T Tb b bxg T

T c c cTy

. (133)

1.10.3.

, . 1.11. 0,2L , 31 10A 2. – , -

50xxK . : - T1 = 100 , -

41 10q 2, .

. 1.11

3 2 1

L

L1 L2

q T1

54

L1= 0,1 , L2= 0,1 .

1 2 3TT T T T , 2 3,T T .

-, (120)-(125):

3

1 21

2

1 1 1 11 10 501 1 1 10,1

1 150 10 .

1 1

xxAKK KL

(134)

4 32

0 0 01 10 1 10 10 .

1 1 1qQ qA (135)

- (110)-(112):

2

1 1 050 10 1 2 1 ,

0 1 1K

010 0 .

1Q (136)

(109)

1

22

3

1 1 0 050 10 1 2 1 0 .

0 1 1 10

TTT

(137)

T1 = 100 -

, : 1

2

3

1 0 0 1000 2 1 1000 1 1 20

TTT

.

-: T1= 100 C, T2= 80 C, T3= 60 C.

-, . 1.11. 0,2L

, 31 10A 2. – ,

55

50xxK , c =500 , = 8000 3. : -

T1 = 100 , –

21 10q T 2, . : T0 = 0 t0 = 0.

0 1000nt t , n = 2.

L1= 0,1 , L2= 0,1 .

1 2 3TT T T T , 2 3,T T .

-, (120)-(125):

3

1 21

2

1 1 1 11 10 501 1 1 10,1

1 150 10 .

1 1

xxAKK KL

(138)

4 32

0 0 01 10 1 10 10 .

1 1 1qQ qA (139)

:

31

1 2

2 1 2 18000 500 1 10 0,11 2 1 26 6

2 166,667 .

1 2

cALC C (140)

:

2 33 3 32

0 0 01 10 1 10 0,1 .

1 1 1qQ q T A T T (141)

-

(110) (112):

56

2

1 1 050 10 1 2 1 ,

0 1 1K (142)

2 1 0

66,67 1 4 1 ,0 1 2

(143)

3

00,1 0 .

1Q T (144)

t = 500 . (119), :

1,0333 0,2333 0

2 0,2333 2,0667 0,2333 ,0 0,2333 1,0333

KC K Ct

(145)

0,0333 0,7667 0

2 0,7667 0,0667 0,7667 .0 0,7667 0,0333

CK C Kt

(146)

(119) ,

:

0

3 300

0 00,1 0 0,1 0 .Q Q

T T (147)

(119), T1 = 100 -

, :

2 2

303 3 0

1002,0667 0,2333 0,0667 0,7667.

0,20,2333 1,0333 0,7667 0,0333T T

TT T (148)

. 1.1.

57

1.1

,

1 2 3

500 100 49,7 11,2

1000 100 59,6 48,5

1.11. ANSYS

ANSYS -, -

, -, , , -

. . --

. (Batch) -

(Interactive) . -

APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language) ANSYS. , ,

ANSYS . , -

, , « – » . -

(GUI) ANSYS, Workbench.

. , -

. - – , -

-.

58

- ANSYS . -

( ) . -

: 1. ( -

, , .), -.

2. -.

. 3. -

. - ANSYS.

( , , .), . 4. .

ANSYS PREP7. Workbench Design Modeler. -

CAD-.

5. . .

6. -, .

– – :

1. – , ( ) . 2. ( , , -

.). (

, .).

59

3. , -. ,

( -, .).

( ) – . - ( , ,

, .) ANSYS , , , . -

. -

ANSYS , .

. (Help) ANSYS

. , -

. ANSYS, Inc. -

– Workbench, -. Workbench

, , -, , -

, , . Workbench CAD CAE,

. , Workbench ANSYS , -

, . - ANSYS, Inc. Workbench -

, .

Workbench .

60

1. ? 2. , ? 3. ? 4. .

? 5. . 6. ? 7. ? 8. -

. 9. ? 10. . 11. ( )? 12. ? 13. . 14. ? 15. ? 16. ? 17. -

? 18. . 19. -

. 20. -

? 21. ANSYS?

61

2. ANSYS WORKBENCH

ANSYS Workbench - , -, -

, . , -

. , – , -

. -:

( ). -,

, , -. -

, ; . -

, , -, .

, -;

( ). -

( , -, .).

, , , -.

. , , -

, , -, .

,

62

-. Workbench -

, , --

, .

2.1. WORKBENCH

ANSYS Workbench /ANSYS 12/Workbench. -

, -. ( . 2.1).

. 2.1

, Windows. -

.

63

Project Schematic -,

Workbench . 2.2).

( ) -. -

. Toolbox – -

, Project Schematic. -, -

( . 2.3). : Analysis Systems – , , ANSYS.

.

Component Systems – , -

, : , -

. Custom Systems -

-, -

-

. -, -

. Design Exploration -

,

.

. 2.2

. 2.3

64

Properties – , --

Project Schematic -.

,

-,

, . . 2.4

Geometry. ,

, -.

Messages, ,

( . 2.5). -, Messages

, ANSYS -, .

Hide/Show Messages, - Workbench.

Workbench -

. , -.

. 2.4

. 2.5

65

Reset Window Layout View.

- ( . 2.6).

, --

( -) - Workbench

CAD/CAE- .

Refresh Project , Update Project

-. Compact Mode -

Workbench, ( . 2.7).

Workbench Tools/Options. . 2.8 -

. 2.6

. 2.7

66

. Restore Defaults .

. 2.8

Units , - ( . 2.9).

-. , , -

.

ANSYS Workbench Help

. -

- F1,

-, -

, . -

.

. 2.9

67

2.2. WORKBENCH

, ANSYS -; -

Toolbox, ( . 2.10). :

Static Structural – ; Transient Structural – ; Steady-State Thermal – ; Transient Thermal – ; Modal – ; Harmonic Response – ; Linear Buckling – ; Explicit Dynamics – .

-

, , --

. . 2.10,

-: ANSYS, Samcef, MBD .

-

. 2.11. Workbench -

.

Workbench 2.0 , . 2.10

68

, - ( . . 2.11). -

-, .

. 2.11

:

Toolbox Project Schematic.

-. . -

( ) ; -

Toolbox. ( ) .

Project Schematic

( . 2.12) : (Update), (Duplicate),

(Replace With),

69

(Clear Generated Data), (Delete),

(Rename), (Properties).

,

( . 2.13). ,

, (Edit), (Update),

(Transfer Data From New) . ,

. ,

Engineering Data, .

( . . 2.11). -,

( . Setup . 2.11).

,

( . Solution Results

. 2.11),

,

. Workbench

. ,

. 2.12

. 2.13

70

, -

. ,

, .

.

. 2.14

Workbench , :

(Transfer Data) (Share).

. ,

.

, .

. 2.14 -.

71

(Engineering Data), (Geometry), (Model) ,

Share. ,

Solution Steady-State Thermal Setup Static Structural .

.

Toolbox, -, -

. , Geometry, -, Engineering

Data Geometry. , Model, -, Engineering

Data, Geometry Model. , , ,

( . 2.15).

. - ( . 2.16) Transfer Data To New Transfer

Data From New -. -

. 2.15

72

, . -

-

. -

.

Workbench. .wbpj

. -

. dp0. -

, , dpN,

N . :

(.agdb) (.mechdb); (.mechdb); (file.rst); ANSYS, Work-

bench (ds.dat); (file.err); (solve.out).

, , -, ,

user_files.

. 2.16

73

1. ANSYS Workbench. :

Workbench? Project Schematic Toolbox? Static Structural,

Transient Structural, Steady-State Thermal Modal? ? Import ? Refresh Project Update Project -

?

2. -. « ». -

« ». :

Geometry, Model, Results?

? ?

? , ? « »,

« »? 3. : -

. -. -

:

? -?

, ? ? , ?

4. Workbench?

5. ?

6. file.rst?

74

3.

Geometry. Design Modeler,

. - Design Modeler -

, ANSYS, .

-,

Geometry, -, -

Properties . 3.1). Basic Geometry Options -

-, , , -

, , -

, Advanced Geometry Options -

: (

3D -),

CAD- , -

. , ,

.

. 3.1

75

3.1. DESIGN MODELER

, -

. ,

Geometry, -,

– New Geometry . 3.2). Work-bench -

Design Modeler; --

, . 3.3.

Design Modeler- CAD-, , Import

Geometry. ANSYS , : Parasolid (.x_b, .x_t), IGES (.iges,

.igs), SolidWorks (.SLDPRT, .SLDASM), Unigraphics NX (.prt), Inventor (.ipt, .iam), Pro/Engineer (.prt, .asm), ACIS (.sat) . -

, Design Modeler, .agdb. -

, Reset . . 3.2).

Design Modeler :

.

. ;

(Tree Outline). ;

(Details View). ;

. 3.2

76

(Graphics). -.

. 3.3

: File -

; Create –

; Concept – -

; Tools – -

, ;

View – -;

Help – Design Modeler.

77

(Tree Outline) -

---

( . 3.4).

, -. -

-, -

.

, -

. ,

. 3.6). . 3.4.

. 3.5

(Details View) , ( .

. 3.6). -, ,

. 3.4

78

. -,

. (Graphics) -

-,

, -. -

. -

. 3.7. -, -

. -

. :

– . --

. - Ctrl, . -

Ctrl.

-. .

– .

. Ctrl, -

. 3.6

79

, Shift, -. ,

, – ,

( . . 3.7). – .

.

, . , -

.

-, -

. - Esc.

, , -: , , . Design Modeler -

, -. -

: . -,

. 3.7

80

, . -

( . 3.8).

, --

. (« »),

Extend to Adjacent . Extend to Limits -

, ; -, .

- Flood Blends. ,

, - Flood Area.

-, , -

. Design Modeler

, , ,

( . 3.9).

. 3.8

81

---

.

, -

.

3.2.

.

, , .

-. -

Design Modeler : -

(Sketching) – ,

(Modeling) –

-.

--

( . 3.10).

. 3.9

. 3.10

82

Design Modeler Oxyz,

: x – , y – , z – . , -

, . ,

. -: Oxy (XYPlane), Oxz (ZXPlane), Oyz

(YZPlane). , -

Create New Plane -.

Details View. ( Plane) ( . 3.11):

From Plane – ; From Face – ; From Point and Edge – ; From Point and Normal – , -

; From Three Points – ; From Coordinates – , -

. , , -

– (Base Plane), (Base Face), (Base Point, Base Edge) . -

, :

(Axes) – -, , ;

(Offset) – ;

(Rotate) – -.

83

- Transform ,

. -: -

Move Transform Up – - Move Transform Down

. - Remove Transform.

-, , Generate

. Design Modeler . , -

Generate -; ,

. , . -

.

. 3.11

84

Sketch1, -, .

, : (Hide Sketch), -

(Look at), - (Show Dependencies),

(Rename) (Delete) . - (Look at)

, Sketching. (Tree Outline)

(Sketching Toolboxes), ( . 3.12):

Draw – ; Modify – ; Dimensions – ; Constraints – -

; Settings – .

-:

, -

. -

Modify --

Constraints – .

, -

Generate. . 3.12

85

, -, .

, -. -

, .

Settings - Sketching Toolboxes. :

(Grid). : Show in 2D – Snap –

; (Major Grid Spacing).

. -;

(Minor-Steps per Major). -. -

, , -; , ,

; (Snaps per Minor). -

-, .

, ,

, . , , -

.

Draw, Modify, Dimensions, Constraints. --

. , -

ANSYS Design Modeler.

86

3.2.1.

Design Modeler . -

Draw : (Line).

; , (Tangent Line). -

-. -

, ; , (Line by 2 Tangents).

;

(Polyline). . -

, Open End. , Closed End;

(Polygon). . -

n; (Rectangle). ,

. - Rectangle by 3 Points;

(Oval). , --

. ;

(Circle). , . ,

, Circle by 3 Tangents; (Arc by Tangent). ,

87

. ,

. (Arc by 3 Points)

(Arc by Center); (Ellipse). ,

; (Spline). , -

. - Polyline. -

: - (Open End),

(Open End with Points), (Closed End), - (Closed End with Points);

(Construction Point). . ,

, Construction Point at Intersection, -

. -

(Sketching Toolboxes). Esc.

, , Undo . -

Redo.

. -, , -

. -.

, , Back.

88

-

, Details

View. . 3.13 -.

- ( Full Circle).

-

, , , .

3.2.2.

-. Modify -

: (Fillet). , -

. , - Radius. -

.

, : (Trim Both), (Trim 1st, Trim 2nd),

(Trim None), (Full Circle); (Chamfer). .

Length. -, . -

-;

(Corner). -. -

, ;

. 3.13

89

(Trim). ; -

, . -.

, - Ignore Axis;

(Extend). . -

Ignore Axis; (Split). . -

: Split at Select , -

, Split Edges at Point – , ; Split Edges at All Points -

; Split Edge into n Equal Segments – n ;

(Drag). . ,

, . . -

, , , ;

(Cut). -.

« » (Paste Handle) , -.

. , , . -

( ) : End/Set Paste Handle – -

, End/Use Plane Origin as Handle – --

, End/Use Default Paste Handle –

90

-. Clear Selection

. -, -

. (Paste), : (r)

(f) . -

( . 3.14), .

. , -

, . End.

Esc. , , -

;

(Copy). . ,

Cut, ; -.

(Move). . -,

. 3.14

91

;

(Replicate). . ,

; (Duplicate). -

. ( . 3.15),

-, .

;

. 3.15

(Offset). , -. -

. -,

End Selection/Place Offset. , , -

. , -, ;

(Spline Edit). -, Spline. -

. , -

, , . -

, .

92

3.2.3.

, --

, -.

, . -

, -. Constraints, -

, : (Fixed). -

. - ( -

).

Fixed Endpoints – -.

; (Horizontal). -

( - X). , X

; (Vertical). -

( Y). , Y ;

(Perpendicular). -

. , --

. , , -

; (Tangent). -

. -

93

, , -;

(Coincident). -, -

. ; (Midpoint). -

. ;

(Symmetry).

. , , ( , ).

. -

( Select new symmetry axis); (Parallel). -

. , -

. , , -

( Select multiple). -.;

(Concentric). -, . -

, , ;

(Equal Radius). . -

, , -;

(Equal Length). . , -

, -;

94

(Equal Distance).

. -.

- (1-2 2-3,

2-3 3-4 .). Design Modeler

, : -, , , -

. -. 3.16.

. 3.16

Auto Constraints -. : Cursors Global. Cursors -

, -, -

. Global -.

Design Modeler -. -

, , ,

. -. -

,

95

, Design Modeler .

AutoConstraints.

3.2.4.

-,

, , , -. -

, , , , Design Modeler . -

, , , , -.

, : ,

, . -

. -. Design Modeler -

, ,

(over-constrained) .

Dimensions. Semi-Automatic. Design

Modeler -; , -. ,

, Details View. -: Skip –

; Exit – ; Continue –

.

96

Dimension;

. , -

. Design Modeler , ,

, . ,

. (Horizontal). -

( X). , , -

, -;

(Vertical). ( Y). -;

(Length/Distance). -. -

, ;

(Radius). -, .

(RMX) (RMN), ;

(Diameter). -. ;

(Angle). .

: -. -

( Alternate Angle); (General). -

97

. -, , , , . -

-. -

, -.

.

Details View . 3.17). -

( -

), (Value). , -

, Reference Only; -.

Edit.

Move. , , -

. -

Animate, -. -

, . ( ) -

Cycles.

. -.

Display Values. Values

. 3.17

98

, Names – . -, .

-

-. Design Modeler -

. -

Sketch Instance, -

, . -

Details View ( . 3.18) : Base Sketch – , ( ).

-. , ,

; Base X, Base Y – -

. ; Instance X, Instance Y –

; Rotate Angle – (Instance X, Instance Y);

Scale – .

Generate. Design Modeler . -

, , . -

. .

. 3.18

99

3.3.

-, .

, Modelling .

-.

, Details View, Generate.

: ,

; ,

; .

3.3.1.

: , , , -

, . (Extrude)

-.

. 3.19 : Base Object – , -

. ;

Operation – , -. Add Material,

. , Cut

Material , Imprint Fac-es – « » ,

100

. Add Frozen - ( . . 110);

Direction Vector – , . -

, . None (Normal), ;

Direction – . : Normal – -

, Reversed – , Both Symmetric -

, Both Asymme-tric .

Extent Type – . Fixed – ,

Through All – , To Next - , To Face – -

, To Surface -

( . 3.20); Depth – , -

. .

. 3.19

101

. 3.20

, (Line Body), -

– (Surface Body). (Revolve) -

( . 3.21). Base Object, Operation Direction Extrude. Axis

– , -. Angle .

102

. -

, -. -

, . As

Thin/Surface? Yes, .

(Sweep) -

. : Profile – ; Path – ; Alignment –

. Path Tangent – -

. Global Axis -;

Scale – . ;

Twist Specification – , .

(No Twist) Turns –

– Pitch – , . Turns Pitch –

. Sweep . 3.22.

, . -

. 3.21

103

( ), -. ,

.

(Skin/Loft). , -

, . Profiles , .

, , -

Ctrl. . 3.23.

. 3.22

104

. 3.23

Design Modeler -, -

(guide line). , Fix Guide Line.

. Continue Sketch Selection -

. ,

, . ( . . 3.23). -

.

Details View. -,

Profiles - ( . 3.24):

105

Move to Top – ;

Move Up – -;

Move Down – ;

Move to Bottom – -.

, Delete. ,

, - ( . 3.25).

: Line Body – , -

( ). ,

, Lines From Points, Lines From Edges, Lines From Sketches ( . . 126);

Surface Body – , . , ,

( Thickness). -, , -

Surface from Edges, Surface from Sketches, Surfaces from Faces ( . . 128);

Solid – , . -, , , Primi-

tives ( . . 109). (Parts) -

Form New Part . -

.

. 3.24

. 3.25

106

.

. Extrude, Rotate, Sweep, Skin/Loft -

As Thin/Surface?, . ( No). (

Yes), : Inward Thickness – , , Outward Thickness , .

-. , Solid

.

Thin/Surface. Selection Type -

: Faces to Remove – ; Faces to Keep c , -

; Bodies Only –

. Geometry

Selection Type. Direction -: Inward –

z, Outward -, Mid-Plane –

. ,

. Design Mod-eler ,

. ( . Freeze

Body . 110).

107

-

Fixed Radius Blend. - Geometry -

, -, Radius -

.

, - Variable Radius

Blend. Transitions -: Smooth – ,

Linear – . Start Radius, End Radius -. -

-.

. 3.26. .

( . 3.27) - Chamfer. -

Geometry -.

, .

Type -: Left-Right –

,

, Left-Angle (Right-Angle) – --

. (Line Body)

(Sufrace Body) Vertex Blend.

. 3.26

. 3.27

108

( Verticies) -.

, , .

, , - Points. -

: Construction Point – -, Spot Weld – , -

« », Point Load – . (

Base Faces) ( Guide Edges), - ( Definition):

Single – , : (Sigma),

(Edge Offset), - (Face Offset);

Sequence By Delta – , -:

(Sigma), (Edge Offset) (Delta),

(Face Offset); Sequence By N – , -

: (Sigma), (Edge Offset),

(N) - (Omega),

(Face Offset); From Coordinates File – ,

; Manual Input – .

Points . 3.28.

109

. 3.28

Design Modeler : , , , -

, , , . - Create Primitives ( . 3.29). -

, (Base Plane), (Ori-gin Definitions), , -

110

. Opera-tion Add Material, Cut Material -

, . -

As Thin/Surface?, -

. -

Design Modeler.

3.3.2.

. , -

, , -. , Design Modeler -

, -, , -

. , ,

, .

, , -,

. Design Modeler Freeze – ( ) -

. .

( . 3.30).

. 3.29

111

Freeze , .

Unfreeze. Freeze Unfreeze Tools ,

. , Generate .

-, .

Orientation Add Frozen. -

(Pattern), Create. --

. Geometry . Pattern Type :

Linear – . -

(Direction), (Offset) (Copies); Circular – . -

, - (Axis), (Angle)

(Copies). Angle Evenly Spaced – ;

. 3.30

112

Rectangular – . -

. Pattern -

Pattern Type . 3.31. -,

, « » .

. 3.31

- Body Operation. -

113

, , , -, . -

Create -, -

. Bodies , -. Type

; . Mirror – ( . 3.32).

Mirror Plane , -.

No Preserve Bodies?;

. 3.32

Move – . : (Source Plane) (Destination Plane).

. No Pre-

serve Bodies?, , .

. 3.33; Delete – .

Body Operation .

114

. 3.33

Scale – . ,

Scaling Origin): World Origin – , Body Centroids – , Point –

. (Scaling Factor) - 0,001 1000.

Simplify – . - Design Modeler . -

Simplify Geometry ( - Yes). , , -

Simplify Topology; Sew – ( ). -

(Surface Body), . -

, , - Tolerance, : Normal – ,

Loose – , User Define – . -.

, Yes Create Solids. Sew -

. 3.34. (0,5 ) , User Tolerance (1 ), -

;

115

. 3.34

Translate – . , ( Di-

rection Definition): Selection – , Coordinates – -

. Distance, – -

X Offset, Y Offset, Z offset. Preserve Bodies? ;

Rotate – . -, ( Axis Defini-

tion): Selection – , Components – . -

Angle. Preserve Bodies? -;

Cut Material – . Body Operation -

(Extrude, Rotate .) . -

, ( ) . ( Preserve Bodies?

No). Body Operation - Cut Material . 3.35.

116

. 3.35

Imprint Faces – -. Body Operation « -

» . --

Operation, Imprint Faces. -

( . 3.36). ( Preserve Bodies? No);

. 3.36

Slice Material – . , , -

, . . ( Preserve Bodies?

Yes). Body Operation . 3.37.

117

. 3.37

, - Boolean.

(Solids), (Surface Body). (Line Body)

. - Create.

Operation : Unite – . Tool Bodies

; Subtract – . Target Bodies -

, Tool Bodies . Pre-serve Tool Bodies? -

; Intersect – . Tool Bodies

, Intersect Result – -: Intersection of All Bodies –

, Union of All Intersection -. -

Preserve Tool Bodies? , Yes/No, - Yes, Sliced, -

(Frozen) .

118

Boolean . 3.38.

. 3.38

Slice.

Create , , , ( , -

Freeze). Slice Type :

Slice by Plane – . - (Base Plane). -

, Slice Targets ( - – All Bodies) Selected Bodies

. Slice Slice by Plane . 3.39. -

;

119

. 3.39

Slice By Surface – . ( Target Face) -

(Slice Targets=Select Bodies). , Slice Targets=All Bodies. Bounded Surface? -

- ( No). Slice

Slice by Surface . 3.40. Target Face -

Slice By Surface , .

Bounded Surface?;

Slice Off Faces – . , -

. Faces. Design Modeler ,

. Slice Slice Off Faces . 3.41;

120

. 3.40

. 3.41

121

Slice Off Edges – . - Slice Off Faces - (Line body). -

(Cross Section). Edges.

Slice . 3.42.

. 3.42

- Face Delete, Create.

Faces , Healing Method « »

( Automatic). - Edge Delete,

. Face Delete Edge Delete . Face Delete

. 3.43. . 3.44 Edge Delete -

Healing Method. -,

, No Healing Healing Method -.

122

. 3.43

. 3.44

123

-. -

Sketch Projection, -

. -, , . -

, , -

. Geometry . -

Generate. -,

, . -, , Sketch

Instance, ,

.

3.3.3.

, Design Modeler -

, . --

, -,

. Named Selection,

Tools . ( ), -

, , , , .

, ,

124

. -, «-».

(Surface body) Mid-Surface. -

Face Pairs, , . -

, ,

. 3.45). .

. 3.45

-, -

, . , -,

. Symmetry Tools. Number of Plains

( 1 3). , , -

Mechanical , . -

. -

Symmetry . 3.46.

125

. 3.46

Fill -. Tools.

( Extraction Type): By Cavity – , By Caps –

. - Faces.

(Surface Body).

( Preserve Capping Bodies Preserve Solids). Fill

. 3.47. --

, . - 1 2 3, -

(Surface Body). Extraction Type By Caps Fill, ,

2 3 . (Line Body)

(Surface Body) - Concept. :

126

. 3.47

Lines From Points – . Point Segments -

, -, Points. -

( Point Pairs) , - ( Point Chains).

, -; -

(Remove Last Segment) (Clear All Segments). -

Operation, Add Material, Add Frozen -

; Lines From Sketches – . Base Object ,

, (Plane from Face), -. Operation ;

127

Lines From Edges -. Edges Faces -

; . , -

. Operation . 3D Curve

. , , Points. -

Definition -: Point Selection – , From Coordinates File –

. Operation . -

, -

: Open End – , , Closed End , , Clear All Points – , Delete Point – .

Split Edges. Edges , -

, Definition :

Fractional – . Fraction , -

0,5 ; Split by Delta – :

Sigma – , Delta – ;

Split by N – N . -: Sigma – -, Omega – -

, N – .

128

, -. -

Surface From Edges ( . ), -. -

, . (Surface Body) -

: Surface From Edges – -

. Edges , , -

.

Flip Surface Normal?) ( - Thickness); Surface From Sketches

, . Base Object . Operation

( Add Material) Add Frozen) .

- Orient With Plane Normal? ( Yes – -

). Thickness ; Surface From Faces –

. Faces , Operation .

, -, Holes Repair Method ( -

No Healing) Natural Healing.

129

- Design Modeler -

-. -

- Concept Cross Sec-

tion. . 3.48, -

, --

. , User Integrated,

, -, ,

. User Defined .

-.

Cross Section Details View . 3.49). -

- ( Offset Type).

. 3.49

. 3.48

130

3.4.

, . ,

-. ,

, , -

, . ,

. :

Edit Selection – .

, Details View; Insert – . ,

, . . 3.5 . 77);

Rename – . . , -

, -, -

, ; Delete – ; Generate – .

-; Generate

; Always Show Sketch – , .

Show Sketch;

131

Hide Sketch – -. . -

- Show Sketch;

Look at – -. -

; Suppress – .

, . Suppress & All Below, -

; Unsuppress – Suppress. -

. Unsuppress & All Below, -

; Show Dependencies – .

, -, . Parents

( ) , Children – . ,

, -, ;

Suppress Body – -. ,

(Line Body, Surface Body, Solid), - Mechanical.

Unsuppress Body;

. . 3.50.

132

. 3.50

3.5.

-, -

, , . -, , Depth

Extrude, Angle Revolve . -,

. , , , , -

. ,

, .

, -, , -

. -

. -,

- ANSYS.

-, -

133

. -, -

. , --

, . - Workbench -

, , , . -

. .

Parameter Manager,

Tools Parameters. -.

Details View . 3.51). Design Modeler

, . Parame-

ter Manager, .

. 3.52 :

Design Parameters – -;

. 3.51

134

Parameter/Dimension Assignments – -;

Check – ;

Close – .

, Parameter Manager.

-, Parameter/Dimension Assignments.

-. -

@. :

– abs(x), sin(x), cos(x), tan(x), - ln(x), exp(x), –

sqrt(x). - Generate.

: ZXPlane.L1 = @ZXPlane.L1 –

ZXPlane.L1 - @ZXPlane.L1;

. 3.52

135

ZXPlane.L2 = 2*@ZXPlane.L1 + @ZXPlane.L3 – - ZXPlane.L2

: @ZXPlane.L1 @ZXPlane.L3; Extrude1.FD1 = dist –

Extrude1.FD1 dist, ;

Extrude1.FD1 = sqrt(x_dist*x_dist+y_dist*y_dist) Extrude1.FD1

x_dist, y_dist, . Check Design Modeler -

( . 3.53). -, -

. Close Parameter Manager.

. 3.53

-.

Parameters Parameter Set . 3.54).

, , -. Parameter Set

136

.

.

1. ANSYS Workbench, - Static Structural. Design Modeler. -:

Tree Outline Details View? ? Graphics ?

2. . - Draw

. Dimensions .

. 3.54

137

3. (XYPIane, ZXPIane, ZYPIane), 50

X 45 . . .

4. . Move

. 5. , -

. – . – -.

6. -.

Extrude . , , . .

7. 3 . 5 .

8. . -.

Revolve 90° . 9. Revolve ,

. 10. Body Operation -

. , -.

11. . .

12. . .

(Surface Body). 13. -

. . 14. 10R, R –

. -. -.

138

4.

. Workbench

, Engineering Data. -

, . -

.

- Engineering Data ,

. .

-.

4.1.

-, ,

, ,

-. -

Engineering Data, - ( .

4.1).

,

Engineering Data -. 4.1

139

Edit ( . 4.2). , ,

, .

Engineering Data , -

. --

.

-. View -

. . 4.3 -.

-. 4.1.

. 4.2

. 4.3

140

4.1

A Toolbox

)

,

B Outline Filter

)

, -

C Outline Pane

)

-

(Outline Filter)

D Properties Pane

)

-

(Outline Pane)

E Table Pane

)

(Properties Pane)

F Chart Pane

)

,

(Properties Pane)

, , , -

. 2.1. -

, , .

( ). (Toolbox) -

. ,

, . , . 4.3 ( ) – (Structural Steel).

141

. 4.4,

. Toolbox

: ; -

, ;

. (Outline

Filter) -, .

( Engineering Data), , -, .

Favorites, -.

Outline Filter : ; ; ; ; .

(Outline Pane) Outline Filter

. 4.5). , . , . 4.5 Outline of

General Materials , General Materials.

.

. 4.4

142

(Properties Pane) , ( . 4.6).

: ,

( ); ; ; ; .

(Property) , -. -

. .

. 4.5

143

. 4.6

(Table Pane) , ( . 4.7). -

( , ) -

-,

, --

. - *,

. -

. (Chart Pane) -

( . 4.8). -, -

Edit Properties Properties of Chart ( . 4.9).

, -, , -

.

. 4.7

144

. 4.8

. 4.9

4.2.

. , -

: , .

, . -

. -, -

Outline Pane. -.

145

. , -

. , - Outline Filter.

Add Outline Pane.

ANSYS\v120\Addins\EngineeringData\Language\<lang>\Samples. -:

General Materials -. , -

; General Nonlinear Materials -

; Explicit Materials

; Hyperelastic Materials

, -. -;

Magnetic B-H Curves , B-H , .

File Import, Import

. Engineering Data File *.xml, *.engd. ,

, , .

( Favorites).

, XML- .

146

-. - Location Outline

Filter. - Ok.

-, , -

: , -

ANSYS 9.0 11.0; MatML 3.1 Schema; , AUTODYN.

, -

. -

. - Outline Pane, *. -

-. Outline Pane

Outline Filter, . -

, .

. (Location) -

( ). , , .

,

, , ( ).

« » ( Favorites) , -. -

147

,

Add To Favorites). Favorites - ( . . 4.3).

4.3.

Outline Pane. -:

; ; ; (Suppress); ; ;

. ,

. -. -

: , , ;

, , -.

(Suppression) -.

, , . , -

. (Add)

, -, . -

148

, Favorites.

( ). , ( ). -

– - Engineering Data.

, , -, -

. -, Outline Filters

– « » (Favorites). Source

. , , . -

-:

; ; -

. , -

, ( View Linked Source), ( Refresh From Linked Source)

( Break Link To Source). (Description) -

, . , .

, , .

, , Outline Filter ,

Outline Pane

149

« » ( Add to Favorites). Outline Filter , Favorites,

, , - Default Solid Material ( -

), Default Fluid/Field Material (

). - (Structural Steel),

– (Air). ,

. -, (

) , -.

-, . -

.

, Toolbox Properties.

,

. ( Value)

( Unit) Properties Pane. -

. , -.

, , -,

Tabular. , - Table Pane. -

,

150

. -, *. -

, -. -

, . -, .

: ; ;

, , -;

, -, .

- Display Validation Failure

( . 4.10).

.

. Suppression, . -

. .

Parametrize .

. -, -

. Parameters

. . 135). - Parametrize, -

.

151

. 4.10

.

-.

. -:

= * + .

1,0 0,0 -

. . 4.2 , -

.

.

152

4.2

1. Engineering Data

Edit….

1. Outline Filter Pane.

2. Edit Library .

3. File Import Engineering Data…. 4. .

1. .

2. .

1. .

2. File Export Engineering Data…. 3. ,

.

1. .

2. - Outline Pane.

3. File Export Engineering Data…. 4. ,

.

1. -, .

2. Edit Library

. 3. . 4. -

, -

. 5. -

. 6. Save ( )

.

153

. 4.3 , -.

: ; Outline Filter Pane; ,

. 4.3

1. Outline Pane , Click here to add a

new material. 2. -

Enter.

-

1. , .

2. , Toolbox.

1. , -, .

2. Properties Pane. 3. ,

Delete.

1. , .

2. Properties Pane. 3. : – , ,

; – , , -

- Table Pane.

1. , .

2. - Parametrize. , ,

.

-

1. , .

2. Suppression.

154

.4.3

1. , .

2. Add to Favorites.

3. Favorites Outline Filter. 4. ,

, - Default Solid Material ( -

), Default Fluid/Field Material ( -

) .

, - Toolbox.

), , . , -

, ANSYS. , ,

, . ( Suppression)

-. ,

(Bilinear Isotropic Hardening) - (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) -

. -, , -

, . -. 4.4.

, , x, y, z,

( ) ). -

. -

155

. - – ,

x, y, z (2D- x, y).

4.4

– (Isotropic Elasticity); – (Orthotropic Elasticity); – (Mooney-Rivlin); – (Neo-Hookean); – (Polynomial); – (Yeoh); – (Ogden) – (Bilinear Isotropic Hardening); – (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening); – (Bilinear Kinematic Hardening); – (Multilinear Kinematic Hardening) – (Thermal Conductivity Isotropic); – (Thermal Conductivity Orthotropic) – (Isotropic Resistivity); – (Orthotropic Resistivity)

, ( f(T) ),

. -. -

, -

, .

-. ANSYS , -

. :

156

( – ); ( – ); ( – ); .

-:

(Mooney-Rivlin); (Neo-Hookean); (Polynomial); (Yeoh); (Ogden).

, ---

. CAD- -

. .

(Material Properties) Properties Pane. , CAD-

, . - CAD-

MatML 3.1, . -

, . - CAD- .

, .

(Material Properties) , CAD-, -.

157

4.4.

– -. -

-, ,

( . 4.11).

, -

. -

-.

. -

, ( ) ,

, -

. , -

. , -

: . (149)

-

: 1 , ln 1 , (150)

.

. 4.11

158

, -:

( );

-.

– » ( . . 4.11). -

. -, -

.

, :

– ; – .

, -,

-. -

( -) :

2 2 21 2 2 3 3 1

12e , (151)

1 2 3, , .

.

321 . , , . ,

( 321 ), .

159

( . 4.12) -.

-. , -

. -

.

. 4.12

ANSYS , :

.

( . 4.13); .

( . 4.14).

. 4.13 . 4.14

“ e -

160

, ,

. « – » . 4.15.

. 4.15

-, -

. , -

-. -

, -. , y2 ,

. . 4.15). . - . --

( . 4.16). . 4.16

161

, --

( . 4.17).

. 4.17

ANSYS « – -»: ( . 4.18). -

, , . -

. -

. .

. 4.18

162

4.4.1.

.

. . -

, . Toolbox Plasticity -

. , . 4.19 --

. - Include

Property, Bilinear

Isotropic Hardening Properties Pane.

-

(Yield Strength) (Tangent Modulus) . 4.20). -

(Chart) - ( . 4.21).

. 4.20

. 4.19

163

. 4.21

, - (Multilinear

Isotropic Hardening) (Multi-linear Kinematic Hardening) ( . 4.22).

. 4.22

164

-, ( . 4.23).

. 4.23

4.5.

, -, -

( . 4.24). --

: ; ; ( ); ;

165

; .

-. -

( , - E1 ). -

, . -, -

-.

. 4.5 . -

, 0,5. , -. -

( 5,0 ) :

; ; .

. 4.24

166

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

-0,5 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5

4.5

1 2

. -

« – » . 4.25. , , . ,

(Mullin). ( -) (

) -.

. 4.25

167

. Toolbox Experimental Stress Strain

Data, , -.

, , Uniaxial Test Data – ,

Include Property, ( . 4.26). , -

.

. 4.26

: ,

Ctrl + C, ; Table of

Properties, Ctrl + V. -

( A) ( B). – »

( . 4.27). -

Toolbox, - ( . 4.28).

168

.

, - ( . 4.29).

. 4.27

. 4.28

169

Curve Fitting Solve Curve Fit. -

,

. - Chart

Pane « – » ( . 4.30).

. 4.30

Error Norm for Fit ( . 4.31) .

. 4.29

170

(Normalized Error) , (Absolute Error)

. , -. ,

, .

. 4.31

1. ANSYS Workbench, - Static Structural. .

: Outline Filter Outline Pane? ? Table Chart?

2. «NewMat1». ( ).

3. «NewMat1», -. .

4. Aluminium Alloy General Materials .

. 5. Aluminium Alloy ,

. 6. ? 7. -

? 8. ANSYS? -

? 9. Curve Fitting -

?

171

5.

-.

Mechanical. , -

.

5.1.

--

. :

. - ( review) ,

; .

.

:

1. ( , .), . 5.1. -

, , - FLUENT, CFX .

2. - ( , , .).

. 3. , ,

. . -

.

172

4. . -.

5. 2 3.

-

-.

-

. (Surface

bodies) -. (Line

bodies) (Beam). -

. DesignModeler -

– , -

(Multibody Part). -. , , -

. DesignModeler ,

. -.

. ANSYS Workbench

. 5.1

173

. -

. --

. , -. -

.

. 5.2 . (Mesh) -

. Mesh , -

. ,

Mesh.

. 5.2

174

- Preview Surface Mesh

Mesh ( . 5.3). - Mesh . 5.4).

-. 5.4.

. 5.3 . 5.4

5.2.

Defaults (Details of Mesh) ( . 5.5):

, - (Physics Preference);

(Relevance).

. , (Structural) – , .

175

. 5.5

, , .

- (Relevance),

100 +100 ( . 5.6). , -

.

Preview Surface Mesh.

. 5.7.

Relevance -100

426 212

Relevance 0 986

492

Relevance 100 2766

1382 . 5.7

Statistics -. . 5.6

.

. 5.6

176

.

, ( , .) -

. , .

.

. (Relevance) -

(Relevance Center) (Sizing).

. 5.8, . 5.9.

. 5.8

. 5.9

177

(Element Size) - ( . 5.10). -

, .

(Use Advanced Size Function): ,

(Relevance) (Initial Size Seed). .

. 5.10

(Initial Size Seed) -,

. (Smoothing) -

(Use Advanced Size Function). -

. . -

( . 5.11).

178

(Transition) ( . 5.12). Tran-

sition - (Use Advanced Size Function).

Fast.

Span Angle Center ( ) -.

, -. : Coarse ( ) – 91 60 ; Medium ) – 75 24 ; Fine ( ) – 36 12 .

Span Angle Center . 5.13 5.14.

. 5.11 . 5.12

. 5.13

179

. 5.14

ANSYS Workbench -:

1. (Use Advanced Size Function) .

2. :

2.1. (Element Size) . -

( , ). Ele-

ment Size ( . 5.15). 2.2. (Proximity and Curvature) -

( . . 5.16).

100 +100. (Element Size) (Default), Proximity and Curvature

, Relevance ( ) . (Proximity) -

. 2.3. (Shape Checking)

( . 5.17). - (Standard Mechanical), -

- (Aggressive Mechanical).

180

2.4. (Initial Size Seed) ,

( . 5.18).

. 5.15 . 5.16

. 5.17 . 5.18

181

5.3. MESH CONTROL

Mesh Control ,

.

5.3.1.

Method Mesh Control ( . 5.19, ) -

, Scope ) Geometry

Apply. --

( . 5.19, ): Automatic ( ) – -

, , ;

Tetrahedrons ) – -;

Hex Dominant ) – , , , ,

; Sweep ) – .

. 5.1.

. 5.19

182

5.1

1 – Method

Mesh Control

2 –

Method

3 –

4 – Geometry

5 –

6 – Method

Tetrahedrons

183

. 5.1

7 –

Patch Conforming Method

8 –

, Update,

Generate Mesh

9 –

Mesh

10 –

Hex Dominant.

-, .

.

184

. , --

. , .

: 1. . 2. Design Modeler

, . 3.

. -

. , .

. 5.2.

5.2

1 – Method

Mesh Control

2 –

Method

3 –

4 – Geometry

185

. 5.2

5 –

6 – Method

Hex Dominant

7 – Hex

Dominant Method

8 –

, Update,

Generate Mesh

9 –

Mesh

10 –

186

, , -. 5.20. ,

, , -, ,

Tetrahedrons.

(Sweep Method) -.

. ,

, .

. - ( -

), . -

. 5.3.

,

. 5.20

187

5.3

1 – Method

Mesh Control

2 –

Method

3 –

4 – Geometry

5 –

6 – Method

Sweep

188

. 5.3

7 –

Sweep Method

8 –

, Update,

Generate Mesh

9 –

Mesh

10 – -

189

5.3.2.

Workbench . Sizing ( ) Mesh

Control , -. Type :

Element Size ( ) ;

Number of Divisions ( ) -;

Sphere of Influence ( ) ,

. Sizing -

, -, .

, . 5.4. ,

. 5.4

(sphere of influence)

Bodies Faces Edges Vertices

. 5.5.

190

5.5

1 – Sizing

2 – Sizing

3 –

4 – -, -

5 –

6 – Vertex Sizing

191

. 5.5

7 – Sphere Radius -

, -;

Element Size

8 –

,

9 –

Generate Mesh - Update

10 –

Mesh

10 – , ,

192

. 5.6.

5.6

1 – Sizing -

Mesh Control 2 – Sizing

3 –

4 –

,

5 –

6 –

Face Sizing

193

. 5.6

7 –

8 – Type -

Sphere of Influence, Sphere

Center, Sphere Radius Element Size

9 –

- (Global Coordinate System)

(Coordinate System)

10 – Sphere Radius

, Element Size

11 – -

12 –

, Update,

Generate Mesh

194

. 5.6

13 – -

Vertex Sizing Mesh , -

,

14 – Mesh

15 – , ,

16 –

195

, , , -

-.

5.3.3.

Contact Sizing ( ) Mesh Control ,

-.

. Element Size

Relevance Type - ( . 5.21).

5.3.4. REFINEMENT

Refinement ( ) Mesh Control ,

, .

. -,

. 5.21

196

, -. Refinement, 1,

. , , . , -

Refinement , . Refine-

ment, -.

Refinement -

. 5.7.

5.7

1 – Refinement

2 –

Refinement, ,

3 – Refinement

4 –

197

. 5.7

5 –

,

6 – .

Refinement, 1,

7 –

8 –

Refinement

Update

9 –

Mesh

10 –

Refinement =1. -

198

Sizing Refinement . 5.22) . - Sizing

-, -

-.

Refinement -

. -, -

-

. Sizing Refinement -

. Sizing , Refinement .

5.3.5.

(Mapped Face Meshing) .

. - (quadrilateral) (trian-

gular) , -, -

. , , -

. (Mapped Face Meshing)

. 5.8.

. 5.22

199

5.8

1 – Mapped Face Meshing

2 –

Mapped Face Meshing, -, -

3 –

Mapped Face Meshing

4 –

,

5 –

6 –

200

. 5.8

7 – -

Refinement

Update

8 –

Mapped Face Meshing , ,

9 – (Mapped Face Meshing)

,

201

5.3.6.

Match Control -

. 5.23)

---

( . 5.24). --

.

--

: Match Control -

Mesh; -

; . Z -

.

. 5.24

. 5.23

202

5.4.

,

. New

Section Plane ( ), . (Section Plane)

. . :

; ; .

. 5.9.

5.9

1 – New Section Plane

2 –

203

. 5.9

3 –

4 – ,

5 –

6 –

7 –

8 – -

« »

204

5.5.

, .

, - Problematic Geometry ( ), -

. :

-, -

; -

CAD, -;

( Ag-gressive).

: -

( Sizing); ,

; CAD-

, ;

, .

5.6.

(Virtual Topology) -.

, - Model. ,

205

, -, (Model)

. 5.25). (Virtual Cell) -

. .

, . -

. -. -

, , - ( ).

.

. 5.25

Virtual Cell ), -

. -, -

. --

. , -, -

. Model , , .

- Virtual Topology, -

( . 5.25). - ( . 5.26, )

206

( . 5.26, ). ,

- ( . 5.27, ). Virtual Face ( -

) ( . 5.27, ), Geometry ) . ,

. -. -

.

. 5.26

. 5.27

. 5.28, -

. - – .

.

-

207

. --

( . 5.28, ).

. 5.28

, -, -

- ( .).

, -. -

-.

. . -

: :

;

; ; ,

.

208

5.7. MECHANICAL ANSYS

- ANSYS.

Part Relevance SMRTSIZE .

Sizing (Element Size – Number of Element Divisions – ) LESIZE ASIZE. -

Sphere of Influence ANSYS . Contact Sizing ANSYS,

AESIZE , . Refinement KREFINE, LREFINE,

AREFINE. Element Size ESIZE.

Proximity and Curvature SMRTSIZE. .

.

Shape Checking ( ) - SHPP, LSTET,ON. -

(SHPP, LSTET,ON) (Standard), . -

(SHPP, LSTET,OFF) (Aggressive), . -

, -

. ANSYS (SHPP, OFF), ANSYS

. Mapped Face Meshing ( ) -

MSHKEY,1 - MSHAPE.

209

Element Shape ( ) VMESH ( ) VSWEEP.

Part Proximity ( ) SMRTSIZE.

(Hex-dominant) - ANSYS. , , SOL-

ID45, . ANSYS

(hex-to-tet) , -,

, . ANSYS -

Workbench.

1. -?

2. . 3. . 4. ,

, ? 5. Ansys Workbench

? 6. -

. -:

, , , -, , ?

?

? Defaults ? ? Statistics -

?

210

7. . . -

Relevance Relevance Center. -,

. 8. -

Sizing ? 9. . -

. 10. ? 11. -

Extrude. - (Sweep Method).

12. . -. -

. 13. -

Extrude. . -

Refinement Refinement, 2. .

14. ?

? 15. Match Control -

? 16. New Section Plane -

? 17. , -

. . -, -

. 18. -

. 19. Virtual Topology ? 20. (Virtual Cell)?

211

6. .

--

( , .) .

. « » « » ,

, . « -» Workbench : , -

, ; »

( ) ( ) .

Work-bench , . 6.1.

: .

-.

; (Outline). -

; (Details of “…”). -

.

( , Mesh Details of “Mesh”);

(Geometry). -, ; (Graph).

-;

212

(Tabular Data). -,

.

. 6.1

-, ,

, -, , -

. . -

,

. , -.

. 6.2.

213

.

-.

Definition Suppressed - ( Yes).

6.1.

Environment . 6.3), . -

Static Structural . Environment -

, : Inertial – , -

; Loads – – , -

;

. 6.2

214

Supports – , , ;

. 6.3

Environment -

Static Structural. --

. - (Global Coordinate System)

-. -

-

Coordinate Systems. -

, ( . 6.4).

-,

Coordinate Systems -

( . 6.5). --

– - Coordinate Systems,

Insert Coordinate System.

. 6.4

. 6.5

215

, - Coordinate Sys-

tems , Rename .

- ( . 6.6), -

. Define By):

Geometry Selection -, Geometry;

Global Coordinates -;

(Origin) . ---

, -, , -

, , -

Geometry, , Apply.

-

Principal Axis Orientation About Principal Axis -

.

Axis, Define By -,

.

. 6.6

216

-

. 6.7). -.

, - ( . 6.8).

. 6.7 .

Geometry, -

: , -, , ,

. -) ) ,

, Apply. : -

Geometry, – - Apply.

-:

(Constant); (Tabular); (Function).

. -

- ( . 6.9). ,

Import… Export…, - -

.

. 6.7 . 6.8

217

. 6.9

- Magnitude Tabular Data.

. Number of Steps Analysis Settings,

. 6.10 6.11). Tabular Data, -

( . . 6.12).

: ; ; ; .

. 6.10 . 6.11

218

Graph -

. 6.13).

-.

. 6.13

6.1.1.

, - Workbench, :

Acceleration – ; Standard Earth Gravity – ; Rotational Velocity – .

. 6.14 Inertial,

. -

. -, -

.

. 6.12

. 6.14

219

(Acceleration) ( Define By):

(Vector). Magnitude) ( Direction). -

( . . 6.7);

(Components) x, y z. -

. mks – 2.

(Global Coordinate System)

Coordinate System). (

) ( . 6.15).

. 6.15

(Standard Earth Gravity) Workbench -

, . 9,80665 2.

-. -

, Direction -

220

. . 6.16, 6.16, - z -

My Coordinate System.

. 6.16

Rotational Velocity -.

, -.

, -.

(Define By Vector), ( Axis).

: , -

; ,

. Magnitude ( ).

- (Define By Components)

.

221

Rotational Velocity -

, - ( . 6.17).

. 6.17

. 6.18 - x, y z -

.

. 6.18

6.1.2.

Workbench Loads Environment ( . 6.19). -

: Pressure – ; Hydrostatic Pressure – ;

222

Force – ; Remote Force – ; Bearing Load – ; Bolt Pretension – ; Moment – ; Generalized Plane Strain – ; Line Pressure – ; Thermal Condition – ; Joint Load – ; Fluid Solid Interface – ( )

. Pressure

. -

( . 6.20). --

( . 6.21). ,

Geometry), ( Magnitude)

Define By).

(Define By Vector), -

(Define By Components) - (Define By Normal To).

. 6.20 . 6.21

. 6.19

223

Magnitude , – . -

mks – . -

, -.

( . 6.22).

. 6.22

– Constant, – Tabular,

– Function. Magnitude

) .

Hydrostatic Pressure -. -

( . 6.23). (

Fluid Density). –

(Vector) (Components) ( . 6.23). (Magnitude) (Direction)

Hydrostatic Acceleration. ,

224

9,8 2, .

( Coordinate Sys-tem) ( ).

-. 6.24,

. . 6.25 . -

, -,

.

. 6.23 . 6.24

Force . .

, . Geometry. (Define

By Vector) - (Define By Components).

225

. 6.25

( Magnitude).

, ( . . 6.1). .

, -. -

, .

. -.

mks – . . 6.26-6.28 -

, .

226

. 6.26

. 6.27

. 6.28

227

, , -

, Remote Force ( . 6.30).

, -

. -

( X

Coordinate, Y Coordinate, Z Coordi-nate) -

. (Define By Vector)

(Define By Components).

, ( . . 6.1).

mks – . . 6.30 -

. -.

, – .

. 6.30

. 6.29

228

-

Bearing Load.

( . 6.31). -

. -

. , .

-

. --

. 6.32. -

mks – .

. 6.33.

. 6.33

. 6.31

. 6.32

229

Bolt Pretension ( ) -

. -.

. z, -

. . Bolt Pretension

. Workbench -

: ( ) ) . -

( Define By): Load –

Preload) ( . 6.34); Adjustment –

Preadjustment) . 6.35).

, , . -

. 6.36.

Bolt Pretension -,

2 . -,

. 6.34 . 6.35

230

. - – – -

. - (Lock).

. 6.36

Moment , , . -

Details of “Moment”. Geometry .

(Define By Vector) (Define By Components).

-.

(Magnitude) -, . -

mks – . ,

. ,

. -. 6.37.

231

-

, -

.

. 6.38), ( . 6.39) ( . 6.40).

. 6.38

. 6.39

. 6.37

232

. 6.40

Line Pressure -. Geometry ,

. - ( Define By): (Components), -

(Vector) (Tangential). . -

Line Pressure . 6.41. --.

mks – . -

, -,

. 6.42. , , ,

, . -

.

. 6.41

233

. 6.42

Thermal Condition . , - Geometry ,

. . Mag-

nitude 22 . , , . 6.43.

. 6.43

234

6.2.

( ) – .

-.

Workbench - Supports -

Environment ( . 6.44) :

Fixed Support – ; Displacement – ; Remote Displacement –

; Velocity – ; Impedance Boundary – -

; Frictionless Support –

; Compression Only Support – ; Cylindrical Support – ; Simply Supported – ; Fixed Rotation – ; Elastic Support – ; Coupling – ; Constraint Equation – , .

(Fixed Support) -, , .

, Fixed Support ,

Details of “Fixed Support” Apply Geometry.

. 6.44

235

, ( . 6.45).

. 6.45

, , - Displacement.

Geometry. ( Define By):

x, y, z (Components);

(Normal To). « »

-.

«0» -

. --

Free ). , , -

, -, -

. 6.46

236

, . - mks – .

-. . 6.47

. . 6.48 -.

. 6.47

. 6.48

- Remote Displacement. Details of “Remote Dis-

placement” . 6.49) ,

. - ( X Coordinate, Y Coordinate, Z Coordinate).

mks – , - – .

237

. 6.50 , -

.

,

– . --

, -

.

. 6.50

Frictionless Support .

.

« » ( -).

Geometry Apply.

. 6.49

238

-. 6.51. -

.

. 6.51

Compression Only Support -.

Geometry. -. -

, , . -

. -

, . , , -

. Compression Only Support -

. -, , ,

. -

. 6.52. .

239

. 6.52

Cylindrical Constraint -

.

(Axial), (Radial) - (Tangential)

. 6.53).

: Free – - Fixed

- ( ).

, - (Radial, Axial Tangential) . -

Cylindrical Constraint . 6.54.

. 6.54

. 6.53

240

Simply Supported .

-, . -

-, Apply Geometry.

-. -

Simply Supported . 6.55.

. 6.55

Fixed Rotation ,

. Fixed Rotation

, . -

, Apply Geometry.

( . 6.56).

241

Rota-tion X, Rotation Y, Rotation Z: Fixed – , Free –

. - Fixed. -

, – (Global Coordinate System) .

-.

. 6.57.

. 6.56 . 6.57

6.3.

. ,

. (Static Structural) -

:

1. Step Controls ( ): Number Of Steps – ; Current Step Number – ; Step End Time – ; Auto Time Stepping – .

242

2. Solver Controls ( ): Solver Type – ; Weak Springs – ; Large Deflection – ; Inertia Relief – .

3. Nonlinear Controls ( ): Force Convergence – ; Moment Convergence – ; Displacement Convergence – -

; Rotation Convergence – -

( ); Line Search –

. 4. Output Controls ( ):

Calculate Stress – ; Calculate Strain – ; Calculate Contact – ; Calculate Results At – .

5. Analysis Data Management ( ): Solver Files Directory – ; Future Analysis – ; Scratch Solver Files Directory – ; Save ANSYS db – -

ANSYS; Delete Unneeded Files – ; Nonlinear Solution – ; Solver Units – ; Solver Unit System – , -

.

6. Visibility ( ).

243

6.3.1.

Step Controls ( . 6.58)

: -

. -

, .

, , -

, . ,

. -.

. , , -

, .

Number Of Steps.

Tabular Data ( . . 6.11) -

. Current Step Number

. Step End Time .

. .

Auto Time Stepping .

. 6.58

244

-.

(Program Controlled), (On) (Off) .

“On”

Define By): (Substeps) (Time).

, - (Initial Substeps), (Mini-

mum Substeps) (Maximum Substeps) - ( . 6.59). -

(Initial Time Step), - (Minimum Time Step) (Maximum Time

Step) ( . 6.60).

. 6.59 . 6.60

“Off” ( Define By): -

(Number of Substeps) (Time Step).

245

6.3.2.

Solver Controls -

( . 6.61). Solver Type

. Workbench :

(Direct Solver) - (Iterative Solver). -

- (Program Controlled).

-, . -

.

Weak Springs -.

, .

. COMBIN14.

(Program Controlled). -

. --

Messages. (“On”) (“Off”) -

. “On”, Solver Controls – Springs Stiffness,

. 6.61

246

-:

Program Controlled – -; Factor – , -

( - Stiffness Factor) ( . 6.62); Manual – -

( Springs Stiffness Value) ( . 6.63).

. 6.62 . 6.63

Large Deflection -, -

. -. , “On”.

Large Deflection , ,

. Inertia Relief

. (“Off”). (“On”) , -

. . , -

.

247

6.3.3.

Nonlinear Controls -

, , -

( . 6.64).

--

. , , . ,

, : Force Convergence – ; Moment Convergence – ; Displacement Convergence – ; Rotation Convergence – .

:

Program Controlled – -;

On – ; Remove – -

.

“On” : Value – , -

. (ANSYS Calculated) , .

-;

. 6.64

248

Toleran e – , , -

. ; Minimum Reference – .

, .

Value Minimum Reference . , -

, . 6.65.

. 6.65

Line Search -

. : (

); ;

.

249

6.3.4.

Output Controls -

( . 6.66): Calculate Stress; Calculate Strain; Calculate Contact; Calculate Results At.

:

(Stress), (Strain), (Con-tact). (Calculate Results At)

, -:

All Time Points – ; Last Time Point – ; Equally Spaced Time Point – -

.

(Number Of Time Points). , - ANSYS -

, , 1000.

6.3.5.

Analysis Data Management ( . 6.67).

, , Solver Files Directory.

.

. 6.66

250

Future Analysis -,

- ( -

) . : None

Prestressed analysis.

Scratch Solver Files Directory, -, -

, -

. , -.

Save ANSYS db ANSYS. ,

Mechanical APDL (ANSYS ).

Delete Unneeded Files - Workbench .

“Yes”, . .

, .,

. -,

Nonlinear Solution. , ,

. Solver Units -

: Active System – Manual – .

( )

. 6.67

251

, Unit . -

( . 6.68). (Solver Unit System) . Manual -

Solver Unit System . Workbench

. 6.1.

. 6.68

6.1

1 Metric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) mks

2 Metric (cm, g, dyne, s, V, A) cgs

3 Metric (mm, kg, N, s, mV, mA) nmm

4 Metric (mm, t, N, s, mV, mA) nmm

5 Metric (mm, dat, N, s, mV, mA) nmm

6 Metric ( m, kg, N, s, V, mA) mks

7 U.S. Customary (ft, lbm, lbf, ºF, s, V, A) Bft

8 U.S. Customary (in, lbm, lbf, ºF, s, V, A) Bin

252

6.3.6.

Visibility -. -

( . 6.69).

- ( . 6.70).

-

Display Omit.

. 6.70

1. . . :

Graph Tabular Data? Graph

Tabular Data? Environment? Details of"../? , -

Workbench. , Loads -

Environment. Supports - Environment?

2. , -. .

. 6.69

253

3. Number of Steps Analysis Settings. -

Tabular Data? 4. (Acceleration).

: , -

? ? ? (Components)

? 5. (Standard Earth

Gravity). ( ) .

6. Rotational Ve-locity. ?

7. . 10 .

8. Magnitude? 9. .

? 10. , .

: ? -

?

, ? 11. Remote Force. -

, 4 , . 12. , ,

Moment. 13. Fixed Support . 14. Displacement

-5 X. : ? «0» ? «Free» ?

254

15. Frictionless Support, . :

?

? ?

16. , (Compression Only Support). :

? Compression Only Support?

17. . - (Cylindrical Constraint) , -

. : «Free» «Fixed»? ?

18. ( ) . Simply Supported .

: ? ?

19. X (Fixed Rotation). :

? -

? ?

20. Analysis Settings . :

- (Step Controls)?

{Solver Controls)?

- ( Nonlinear Controls)?

- (Analysis Data Management)?

21. ? 22. Weak Springs? 23. Delete Unneeded Files?

255

ANSYS Workbench .

A Acceleration – Active assembly – Active system – Add – ; Add frozen – Add material – Adjustment – Advanced – , Alignment – All time points – Always – Analysis data management – Analysis settings – Angle – Animate – ; Apply – Arbitrary – , Arc – Auto constraints – Auto time stepping – Axial – Axis – , Axis of rotation – B

Base object – Bearing load –

256

Behavior – Bend – , Body centroids – Body operation – Bolt pretension – Boolean – Both asymmetric – Both symmetric – Boundary – Box – C

Calculate contact – Calculate results at – Calculate strain – Calculate stress – Cancel – ; Chamfer – Children – Circle – Circular – Clear selection – Coarse – Coincident – Collapse features – Components – Compression only support – Concentric – Concept – , Cone – Constant – Constrain –

257

Constraint equation – , Constraints –

Construction point – Construction point at inter-section –

Contact region – ( ) Contact sizing – -

Coordinate systems – Copies – Copy – Corner – Coupling – Create – Cross section – Current step number – Cursors – Curve – Cut – ; Cut material – Cycles – Cyclic – Cylinder – Cylindrical support – D

Defaults – Define by – ( ) … Defined – Definition – , Deformable –

258

Delete – Delete unneeded files – Depth – Details – , Details of “…” – Diameter – Dimensions –

Direct solver – Direction – Direction – Direction vector – Displacement – Displacement convergence – Display names –

Display values –

Distance – , Divisions – Drag – Draw – Dropped – Duplicate – E

Edge delete – Edit – Elastic support – Element midside nodes – Element size – Elements –

259

Ellipse – Environment – Equal distance – Equal length – Equal radius – Equally spaced time point – Evenly spaced – Expand – , Export – Extend – Extend type – Extrude – F

Face delete – Factor – , Fast – Fill – Fillet – Fine – Fixed – , , -

, Fixed rotation – Fixed support – Fluid density – Fluid solid interface – ( )

Force – Force convergence – Free – Freeze – , Frictionless support –

260

Full assembly – Full circle – Function – Future analysis – G

General – Generalized plane strain – Generate mesh – ( ) -

Geometry – , Geometry selection – Global coordinate system – Graph – ,

Graphics annotation – Grid – H

Healing – » Hide sketch – High – Horizontal – Hydrostatic pressure – I

Ignore axis – Impedance boundary – Import – , Imprint faces – ,

Inertia relief –

261

Inertial – Initial size seed – Initial substeps – Initial time step – Integrated – Intersect – Inward thickness – ,

Iterative solver –

J

Joint load – K

Kept – L

Large deflection – Last time point – Length – Length/distance – , Line – Line body – Line by 2 tangents – , Line from points – Line pressure – Line search – -

Loads – –

, Look at – Loose – Low –

262

M Magnitude – Major grid spacing – Manual – ; Mapped face meshing –

Master geometry – Match control – -

Maximum substeps – Maximum time step – Medium – Mesh – Mesh control – Message – Method – , Midpoint – Mid-surface – -

Minimum edge length – Minimum reference – Minimum substeps – Minimum time step – Minor-steps per major – Mirror – Model – Modeling – Modify – Moment – Moment convergence – Move – ,

263

N Named selection – New section plane – No selection – Nodes – Nonlinear controls – Nonlinear solution – Normal to – … Number of steps – Number of time points – O

Off – Offset – On – Operation – Orientation about principal axis –

Origin – Output controls – Outward thickness – ,

Oval – P

Parallel – Parallelepiped – Parents – ( ) Part – , Paste – Paste handle – Path –

264

Pattern – Perpendicular – Please define – , Point – Polygon – Polyline – Preadjustment – Preload – Preserve – Pressure – Preview – Preview surface mesh –

Primitives – , Principal axis – Print preview – Prism – Profile – Program controlled – Project – Pyramid – Q

Quadrilaterals – , R

Radial – Radius – Ratio – , Rectangle – Rectangle by 3 points – Rectangular –

265

Redo – Reference only – Refinement – , Refresh – , Relevance – , Remote displacement – Remote force – Remove – , Rename – Replicate – Report – , Reset – , Reversed – Revolve – Rigid – , Rotate – Rotation – Rotation convergence –

( ) Rotational velocity – Ruler – S

Save ANSYS db – ANSYS

Scale – , Scaling factor – Scope – ( ) Scoping method – ,

Scratch solver files directory –

266

Section – Select multiple – Select new symmetry axis – Selection – Semi-automatic – Setting – , Sew – , Shape – Shape checking – Show dependencies – ( )

Simplify – Simply supported – Sizing – Sketch instance – Sketching toolboxes – Skin/loft – Slave geometry – Slice – Slice by faces – Slice by plane – Slice by surface – Slice off edges Slow – Smoothing – , Snaps per minor – Solid – , Solids – Solver controls – Solver files directory – Solver type – Solver unit system – , -

267

Solver units –

Span – , Sphere – Spline – , Spline edit sphere – Split – Split at select – ,

Split edge into n equal seg-ments –

n

Split edges – Split edges at all points –

Split edges at point – , -

Springs stiffness – Springs stiffness factor – Standard earth gravity – Static structural – Statistics – Step control – Step end time – Substeps – Subtract – Supports – ,

Suppressed – , Surface body – , Sweep – Symmetry –

268

T Tabular – Tabular data – Tangent – Tangent line – , Tangential – Thermal condition – Thickness – Through all – Time – Time step – Timestamp – Tolerance – Torus – Transformation – Transition – , Translate – Tree outline – Triad – Triangles – Trim – Trim 1st – Trim both – Trim none – Type –

U

Undo – ,

Unite – Update – Use advanced size function –

269

Use global setting – ( ) -

User define – V

Value – Vector – Velocity – Vertical – ,

Y) View advanced options – Visibility – W

Weak springs – Wizard –

A, mA – , kg, g, t, dat – , , , m, cm, mm, m – , , , N, dyne, N – , , s – V, mV – ,

270

1. ., . - / . . – .: , 1982. – 448 .

2. . : . – .: . ., 2005. – 840 .

3. . . / . . – .: , 1984. – 428 .

4. . : . – . « ». – .: , 1970. – 6. – . 90-103.

5. . / . . – .: , 1975. – 541 .

6. , . / . . – .: , 1981. – 304 .

7. ., ., . : .

. . . – .: . ., 1985. – 392 . 8. . /

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